Field notes, v1408

Koford, Carl B.
Unknown
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley
Original Source
Source Material:
Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

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MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY REPRINT LIBRARY
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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from CLIR https://archive.org/details/fieldnotesv140800kofo
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Koford, C.B. catalogue #1800-1957 1956-1957 Barro Colorado Panama Journal
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C. Koford 1956 Specimen Catalog July 12 Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, Canal Zone 1800 ot Alouatta palliatus 483 tot. length; 413 gms. Died in captivity. Bought in Panama by Hugh Wellman. July 18 1801 snake, Pickup on Donato Steps. Dead, No head. July 19 1802 Bufo Night, in grass, E. end New Lab. 1803 ot Rattus rattus spring net; 417-235-34-21; 133 gms Trapped night inside Old Lab. Nipple 1 wide, 2 high. Impref. vag. ut hom 37 long x 2 wide; dark gray. 1804 ot nonepro. activity. Myotis nigricans 77-32-8-12; 39 gms. Found dead at kitchen. July 10 1805 Bat. Small young. Formalin Found alive by Carl Rettenmeyer near New Lab. In Roth skull July 17 1806 Alouatta? Pickup. In water at Boat Landing. July 19 1807 ot Proechimys semispinosus 458-203-57-24; 490 gms. Brown dorsal, white vent, not. Trapped edge water, evening. Fleas, mites, small ticks on. Large seminal phys penis. 5 flax, 3 tickrs, 100+ mites. Large semm plug. Testes huge, 37 x 19 mm. Epid. with milk (sperm?). Much swollen Seminal vesicles. 1808 ot Proechimys semispinosus lot. 428-187-53-23; 444 gms. Same trap 2 hrs. later (10 pm.). Vag. perf. 8mm. drain. Nipplelet clitoris not segmented. ut. horn. 40 x 4. RH. 2 bulges 15mm. diam. perhaps resolving. 1 yellow corpus 1 mm. diam. LH 4 black stars; L ovary 3 corpora, yellow, 1 mm. diam. 5 stomach worms. 1809 Bat. Small young. In alcohol. Found alive in Chapman House by Carl Rettenmeyer.
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Kofod 1956 2 Specimen catalog August 2 Barro Colorado I sl. Canal Zone (Kitchen) 1810 ♀ Poeciliys scmispinosus Rat from down white below. 3/18-138-44-2/1,08 gms. slight fat. Roomb. Lt. hon 3 ox 1/2. Veg. imperf. Lips & vulva no pigment. Liper 4 mm. Palp & veg. mottle stomach. Shell broken. 6+ mites & lice Aug.22 1811 Salaman der, Pichuara night forest floors. Alle Creek 100 yds. N. of New Lab. Aug.28 1812 Frog; black, green spots back. On boulder day, Luty Stream near Dorato 100. sept.9 Val de Anton, Panama 1813, 1814 Atelopus varius. Coll. Hugo wilmar about Aug. 31. Don- ated to B.C. Island & pickled today. (One informalin, ) in alcohol). sept.28 Summit Summit Laurel wood , Canal Zone 1815 ♂ test. BX 4. /mm; Saluromys aorbianus 6/5-375-40-33, 200 gms. Dead on road. Shell smacked. October3: 1816 Frog, 2" nose-rumps. white belly & throat. Dark brown backs, lighter on sides. about 3 1mm. wide irreg- ular black specks between ears & shoulder. Solt4 pepper posterior thighs. Pale tip nose. In ROH direct. Table at bytch office at night. october70 1817 Imm. Sigmodon hispidus Caught evening steps Chapman House. october 10 1818 small toad Test Table Bldg. october 24 1819 ♂ test/3 Jmm. long Pipra mentalis 14 1/2 gms. M. white iris. Flies into Chapman House & against screen. Tarsipole brown,
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Ko Ford 1956 3 Specimen Catalog misten, october 23 Barro Colorado Is, Canal Zone (New Laboratory) 1820 ♀ MoPossos coibensis 93-31-9-14, 18 1/2 gms. Stom full. sight fat. No end, just possible scan uterine. R nipple enlarged (1x1). 1821 ♂ Molossus coibensis 94-33-9-13, 18 1/2 gms. Slight fat. Test. 4 x 2 1/2. Throat gland prominent. Stomach full. 1822 ♂ M. coibensis 97-35-9-14, 16 gms. Died in refiq. Test. 4x 2 1/2 mm. Slight fat. october 30 1823 ♀ Empidonax virescens sp. 12 gms. slight fat. 1mm. Skull 4/5ossif. Died flying in mistnet. 1824 ♀ rag, perf.; ut. 10x1 1/2 mm. Artibeus litoratus 2 1" wingspd. 96-0-19-22; 75gm. Mistnet, 8 p.m. (raining early). Land high elijon whis held Mr. Chapman House. 3pinturnix & Benigluschnus call! october 31 1825 ♂ test. 1mm. Tanagra laniirostris 11 gms.; pin feathers. Chapman Noise; mist net; 7a.m. 1826 (10 sperm) october 30 ♂ test. 4 x 3 mm. Glossophaga soricina 62-8-11-13, 10 1/2 gms. + Forearm 33. Wingspread 240mm. Very long slender tongue. Tail stiche 2mm. above center patagium. Mist net, Chapman House, midnight. november 2 1827 ♂ t. 7x5 Artibeus jamaicensis 95-0-15-21; 50 gms. Mistnet 11 p.m.m. Chapman House. november 3 1828 ♂ t. 5x3 Saccopteryx bilineata 69-19-11-14; 7 1/2 gms. Beter. Lutheran Van Tyne trail big tree, 10 a.m. november 4 1829 ♂ t. 13x7 Zygodotomys cherrici 207-94-23-16; 54 gms. Inside New Lab; trpped. Many lice.
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C Koford 4 specimen Catalog Nov. 4 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone 1830 σ t. 4 x 3 Artibeus cinereus 51-0-12-14; 11 gms. Net mr. Chapman House. Col. fell. R ov. 1831 ♀ noq. perf.; nips not end. Vampyroides major 78-0-15-22; 17" winged. Most net mr Chapman House (same time as 19304 an Artibeus σ.) Nov. 7 Frijoles, Canal Zone (Common at Sambova in weeks) 1832 small fly bird. yellow head & throat; black body. On saw in house 1833 Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone 1833 Theradactylus rapicaudus Ceiling Barboun Point house. Grey, brow, & white mottled back; dirty pale grey beneath; iris yellow-brown; virtual pupil. Locally called "scorpion." Large eye, no lid. Nov. 3 1834 σσ t. 4 x 3 Saccoteryx bilineata 70-16-12-16; 7 gms. Van Tyne trail, Big Tree, between buttresses. Netted daytime. Nov. 7 1834 σσ 5 x 3; acrost. naked, black. Rhynchiscus naso 50-11-7-10; 7 gms. one of 3 hanging under tin roof over boat in lighthouse. Nov. 9 1835 Cocoli, Canal Zone skin, & body sk. 1835 ♀ no repro. actii. Cyclopes didactylus 350-196-30-10 Coll. W.E. lundy. Crawning road night; Died 2 days later. November 9 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone 1836 ♀ no emb. Lanchophylla robustata 72-10-12-17; 15½ gms. Chapman House, most net, about 9:30 p.m. Vog. perf.; nips ½ mm. long. 1837 ♀ no. emb.; nip 2 mm. Vampyressa nymphae 56-0-10-18; 12 g. pale faint dorsal stripe. Chapman House, most net. Yellow ear margins strong. November 14 1838 ♀ vag. imp.; nip < ½ mm. Siginodon hispidus 230-104-31-19; 60 gms. tallgrass, swamp trap, Plantation Point.
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Banded to 605-return bloods. T. irrorata 59-16616 RT #1 T. fulvamma 59-16617
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c. Koford 5 Specimen Catalog 1956 Nov. 17 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone. (Clearing) 1839 σ♀ Nosua navica 1155-565-115-40, 11 lbs. Testis 25x20mm. Sand shell & R hemmer. 1840 σ♀ Nosua navica 1035-455-105-40, 10 lbs. Test. 30x20 Previously marked (for R lateral factor clipped) on Oct. 14. Sand shell & R hem. 1841 σ♀ Nosua navica 1145-59⁹-110-40, 13 lbs. Test. 25x17. Sand shell & R hemmer. 1842 σ♀ Nosua navica 1115-550-110-39, 12 lbs. T. 22x17 Tibia eyes can. 1843 ♀ Nosua navica 1020-510-100-39, 7½ lbs ⅓ gram yuv. mv. trap. Nov. 20 Gamboa, Canal Zone 1844 σ♀? #99c.e. Amazilia tzacatl 4 gms. at pack light at night. Nov. 19 Summit Gardens, Canal Zone 1845 σ♀ Uroderma bilobatum 62-0-11-18, w/spd. 12"; 17 gms. Undertent in leaf helipot palm, Testi 3mm. mod. fat. 1846 ♀ U. bilobatum 64-0-11-18, 17 gms. Nov. 20 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone. Net+lbh ½, night. yellow sand taulina phyllotum, for itssim 1847 ♀ Artibeus cinereus 56-0-12-17, Foramn 40. Nov. 21 1848 σ♀ Artibeus cinereus 58-0-11-16. Mist net, letiv. 10 p.m. & 2 a.m. 58-0-11-16, Released 2 min. of same; green but gray, soft fur. 1849 σ♀ Artibeus jamaicensis 83-0-17-23. Imm.? Taken letiv. 7 p.m. & 8 p.m., mist net. Nov. 22 1850 σ♀ Centurio senex 53-0-13-16, 15½ gms. mist net, Kitchen, 9 p.m.
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E. Koford Specimen Catalog 1956 Nov. 22 Barro Colorado Is, Canal Zone. 1851 ♀ nips ½ mm. Uroderma bilobatum 59-0-10-18, 17gms. Edge clearing nr. New Lab, evening, mist net. 4mm. bulge in tibiae. 1852 ♂ t. 4 mm. Molossus coibensis 95-33-11-13, 15gms. Wgspd. 10½. Mist net nr. Kitchen, 8 p.m. Nov. 23 1853 ♂ Artibeus lituratus 96-0-20-24, 58gms. Mist net edge clearing w. of New Lab, evening. Sp intermix sp. Periglis carus sp. Nov. 24 1854 ♂ Carollia perspicillata 70-11-13-21, 21gms. 13½" aged, Uroderma Mist net edge clearing S. Chapman House 8 p.m., with catch water. 1855 ♂ t. ³ Uroderma bilobatum 61-0-9-18, 16gms. 13" wgspd. Same as 1854. 1856 ♀ nips 1 mm. Vampyressa minuta 46-0-9-14, 7 gms. Chapman House, mist net, about 10:30 p.m. 9¼" wgspd. Nov. 25 Orchid Island, Canal Zone [Island across to N. from Orchid] 1857 ♂ t. 4x5 Micronycteris megalotis 60-12-9-22, 6gms. wgspd 9 3/8" 1858 ♂ t. 4x4 " " 59-11-9-22 5½gms. 12½" wgspd. 1859 ♂ t. 7x6 (xenacteness) Micronycteris hirsuta 79-16-12-26, 15½gms (w) of French Lock darkest rainy day orchids side; 5 in bunch; no other found. 1860 ♂ t. 7x4 Carollia perspicillata 78-14-14-19 21gms. (allowed too much tail) Normal ears? In rainy box outside French Lock. ♂ no mb. t. 4x4 1861 ♀ nips m. Carollia perspicillata 72-8-13-19, 18gms. Same place as 1857; 8, 60. Larger ears than 1860. Nov. 24 Barro Colorado Is. C.I.Z. Kitchen. 1862 ♂ Artibeus cinereus 12" wgspd. watsoni t. 4x3 59-0-10-18, 12gms. Mist net, Chapman House, evening.
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C Roford 1964 7 Specimen Catalog Nov.28 Barro Colorado, Canal Zone 1863 ot.4x3 Chiroderma thmicum 31/2"wgt. 64-0-10-18, wt.22 Edge denigr., Copmon House 8 p.m. (w. Antil., lit. palm.) Nov.29 1864 no emb. Chiroderma thmicum 68-0-13-18, wt.23 1865 ot. 3x2 Chiroderma " wgt'd. 131/2 69-0-12-18, wt.20 1864-5 same net as 1863, next a.m. Ears yellow. Dec.2 3 mj. SE Gamboa, Canal Zone 1866 no emb. saccpteryx leptura bilineata 74-18-11-14, 8 gms. nips 2mm., black. 1867 no emb. hp not pigm. or elong. 73-19-10-16, 12 3/4" wgt'd. Both or same under cover Mrs. Barrett's house, 10 a.m. +1868 discarded Chilibrillo Caves, Chilibre, Panama 1869 Phyllostomus hastatus 25 1/2"wgsd. t.5x3 152-23-24-35, 120gms. One of group 20+, mostly dark gray. 1870 Phyllostomus hastatus 24 1/4" wgsd. f imm. 141-24-22-33, 85gms. Many urins. with four red-brown vateries. 1871 discarded 1872 ot.4x3 saccpteryx bilineata 76-21-10-16, 79gms. Mr. entrance inside limestone cave. 1873 no emb. Carolia perspicillata 73-8-13-22, 16 gms. Hundres in cluster on ceiling limestone cave. 1874 ot t.6x4 Carolia " 74-11-12-21, 19gms. Testes scrotal. But ?? breeding? Dec.5 Barro Colorado Island, C.I. 1875 Noctilio (Diricis) labialis minor 16 1/2"wgt'd. 89-18-10-23, 25gms. 7:50 p.m. in net 40' upslope from stream below kitchen. Vq. open, red pgm. Nips <1/2mm., but 3mm. larvae surrounds.
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{ "text": "C. Koford\n1956\n\nSpecimen Catalog\n\nBarro Colorado Is., Canal Zone\n1876 ØØ t. A½ Chiroderma isthmicum 67-0-12-17, 23g.\nSame net as 1875, at 10 p.m.\n\nDec. 6\n1877 ØØ t. 5½ Artibeus jamaicensis 90-0-18-22, 57gms.\n14\" wgd\ngood facial stripen+ yellow-white teaser.\nforearm 61. Mist net, Luty Trail, after 10 p.m. prev. eve., 6 mites (monads), flying.\n\n1878 ♀ Artibeus jamaicensis 90-0-18-23, 48g.\nPoor facial stripen, gray teaser.\nforearm 61. Nipple 3mm long, 3wide, mod. turgid, mod. pigmented. Vag. open +\nlips mod. pigmented.\n\nskull only\n1879 q Molossus abrasus Bot. Pickup in site R.R. Station.\nErijoles, Canal Zone\n\nDec. 8 Barro Colorado (Island), Canal Zone\n1880 ♀ Artibeus cinereus wg spd. 11\"\nnullip. 34-0-9-16, 11gms.\nforearm 70\nFace flat-\nMist net at boat landing, 15' from shore, in a.m.\n\n1881 ♀ Chiroderma isthmicum wgsd. 14½ forearm 47\n72-0-13-20 24gms.\nMist net m. Chapman House later. 11:30 p.m.+ 6 a.m.\nno emp.\nwgs pd. 18\" forearm 64\n1882 ♀ n. 414 Artibeus jamaicensis 85-0-15-23 46gms.\nProb. lactat. Rov. pink; Left white, smaller. r. wide perf. clit. pigm., 10+ mites &\nMist net between Chapman House & balsa tree to SE, later. 10 p.m.+ 1:30 a.m.\nforearm 73\n\nDec. 10 Nip's 3½ mm.\n1883 ♀ Artibeus lituratus palmarum 96-0-18-25, 80gm.\nSame net as 1882 in morning after 2 a.m. t ov. 1.8 with white spot\n1.6 mm. diam.; Rov. pinky, 3½mm. diam. Vag. wide open, lips pigmented.\n\nDec. 11\n1884 Ø t. 7mm. Artibeus jamaicensis 83-0-15-22, 50gm. forearm 61.\nMist net at tank W. of 1952 lab.\n\n1885 ♂ t. 5½ Artibeus lituratus forearm 72 85-0-13-25 , 50gms.\nMist net m. edge clearing in night a.m.\n\n1886 ♂ t. 3 Carolia perspicillata 71-10-14 - 21, 20gms.\nwgs pd. 17\"\n\n1887 ♂ t. 5½ Artibeus jamaicensis forearm 58 84-0-15-22, 50gms.\n6\n50gms.\n\nDec. 12 Mist net, a.m., m. Chapman House, with 1887. Forearm 45, wspd. 14\"\n1888 ♀ Chiroderma isthmicum 68-0-12 - 19 , 22g.\n```</result> ```json\n{\n \"text\": \"C. Koford\\n1956\\n\\nSpecimen Catalog\\n\\nBarro Colorado Is., Canal Zone\\n1876 ØØ t. A½ Chiroderma isthmicum 67-0-12-17, 23g.\\nSame net as 1875, at 10 p.m.\\n\\nDec. 6\\n1877 ØØ t. 5½ Artibeus jamaicensis 90-0-18-22, 57gms.\\n14\" wgd\\ngood facial stripen+ yellow-white teaser.\\nforearm 61. Mist net, Luty Trail, after 10 p.m. prev. eve., 6 mites (monads), flying.\\n\\n1878 ♀ Artibeus jamaicensis 90-0-18-23, 48g.\\nPoor facial stripen, gray teaser.\\nforearm 61. Nipple 3mm long, 3wide, mod. turgid, mod. pigmented. Vag. open +\\nlips mod. pigmented.\\n\\nskull only\\n1879 q Molossus abrasus Bot. Pickup in site R.R. Station.\\nErijoles, Canal Zone\\n\\nDec. 8 Barro Colorado (Island), Canal Zone\\n1880 ♀ Artibeus cinereus wg spd. 11\"\\nnullip. 34-0-9-16, 11gms.\\nforearm 70\\nFace flat-\\nMist net at boat landing, 15' from shore, in a.m.\\n\\n1881 ♀ Chiroderma isthmicum wgsd. 14½ forearm 47\\n72-0-13-20 24gms.\\nMist net m. Chapman House later. 11:30 p.m.+ 6 a.m.\\nno emp.\\nwgs pd. 18\" forearm 64\\n1882 ♀ n. 414 Artibeus jamaicensis 85-0-15-23 46gms.\\nProb. lactat. Rov. pink; Left white, smaller. r. wide perf. clit. pigm., 10+ mites &\\nMist net between Chapman House & balsa tree to SE, later. 10 p.m.+ 1:30 a.m.\\nforearm 73\\n\\nDec. 10 Nip's 3½ mm.\\n1883 ♀ Artibeus lituratus palmarum 96-0-18-25, 80gm.\\nSame net as 1882 in morning after 2 a.m. t ov. 1.8 with white spot\\n1.6 mm. diam.; Rov. pinky, 3½mm. diam. Vag. wide open, lips pigmented.\\n\\nDec. 11\\n1884 Ø t. 7mm. Artibeus jamaicensis 83-0-15-22, 50gm. forearm 61.\\nMist net at tank W. of 1952 lab.\\n\\n1885 ♂ t. 5½ Artibeus lituratus forearm 72 85-0-13-25 , 50gms.\\nMist net m. edge clearing in night a.m.\\n\\n1886 ♂ t. 3 Carolia perspicillata 71-10-14 - 21, 20gms.\\nwgs pd. 17\"\\n\\n1887 ♂ t. 5½ Artibeus jamaicensis forearm 58 84-0-15-22, 50gms.\\n6\\n50gms.\\n\\nDec. 12 Mist net, a.m., m. Chapman House, with 1887. Forearm 45, wspd. 14\"\\n1888 ♀ Chiroderma isthmicum 68-0-12 - 19 , 22g.\"}\n```</result> ```json\n{\n \"text\": \"C. Koford\\n1956\\n\\nSpecimen Catalog\\n\\nBarro Colorado Is., Canal Zone\\n1876 ØØ t. A½ Chiroderma isthmicum 67-0-12-17, 23g.\\nSame net as 1875, at 10 p.m.\\n\\nDec. 6\\n1877 ØØ t. 5½ Artibeus jamaicensis 90-0-18-22, 57gms.\\n14\" wgd\\ngood facial stripen+ yellow-white teaser.\\nforearm 61. Mist net, Luty Trail, after 10 p.m. prev. eve., 6 mites (monads), flying.\\n\\n1878 ♀ Artibeus jamaicensis 90-0-18-23, 48g.\\nPoor facial stripen, gray teaser.\\nforearm 61. Nipple 3mm long, 3wide, mod. turgid, mod. pigmented. Vag. open +\\nlips mod. pigmented.\\n\\nskull only\\n1879 q Molossus abrasus Bot. Pickup in site R.R. Station.\\nErijoles, Canal Zone\\n\\nDec. 8 Barro Colorado (Island), Canal Zone\\n1880 ♀ Artibeus cinereus wg spd. 11\"\\nnullip. 34-0-9-16, 11gms.\\nforearm 70\\nFace flat-\\nMist net at boat landing, 15' from shore, in a.m.\\n\\n1881 ♀ Chiroderma isthmicum wgsd. 14½ forearm 47\\n72-0-13-20 24gms.\\nMist net m. Chapman House later. 11:30 p.m.+ 6 a.m.\\nno emp.\\nwgs pd. 18\" forearm 64\\n1882 ♀ n. 414 Artibeus jamaicensis 85-0-15-23 46gms.\\nProb. lactat. Rov. pink; Left white, smaller. r. wide perf. clit. pigm., 10+ mites &\\nMist net between Chapman House & balsa tree to SE, later. 10 p.m.+ 1:30 a.m.\\nforearm 73\\n\\nDec. 10 Nip's 3½ mm.\\n1883 ♀ Artibeus lituratus palmarum 96-0-18-25, 80gm.\\nSame net as 1882 in morning after 2 a.m. t ov. 1.8 with white spot\\n1.6 mm. diam.; Rov. pinky, 3½mm. diam. Vag. wide open, lips pigmented.\\n\\nDec. 11\\n1884 Ø t. 7mm. Artibeus jamaicensis 83-0-15-22, 50gm. forearm 61.\\nMist net at tank W. of 1952 lab.\\n\\n1885 ♂ t. 5½ Artibeus lituratus forearm 72 85-0-13-25 , 50gms.\\nMist net m. edge clearing in night a.m.\\n\\n1886 ♂ t. 3 Carolia perspicillata 71-10-14 - 21, 20gms.\\nwgs pd. 17\"\\n\\n1887 ♂ t. 5½ Artibeus jamaicensis forearm 58 84-0-15-22, 50gms.\\n6\\n50gms.\\n\\nDec. 12 Mist net, a.m., m. Chapman House, with 1887. Forearm 45, wspd. 14\"\\n1888 ♀ Chiroderma isthmicum 68-0-12 - 19 , 22g.\"}\n```</result> ```json\n{\n \"text\": \"C. Koford\\n1956\\n\\nSpecimen Catalog\\n\\nBarro Colorado Is., Canal Zone\\n1876 ØØ t. A½ Chiroderma isthmicum 67-0-12-17, 23g.\\nSame net as 1875, at 10 p.m.\\n\\nDec. 6\\n1877 ØØ t. 5½ Artibeus jamaicensis 90-0-18-22, 57gms.\\n14\" wgd\\ngood facial stripen+ yellow-white teaser.\\nforearm 61. Mist net, Luty Trail, after 10 p.m. prev. eve., 6 mites (monads), flying.\\n\\n1878 ♀ Artibeus jamaicensis 90-0-18-23, 48g.\\nPoor facial stripen, gray teaser.\\nforearm 61. Nipple 3mm long, 3wide, mod. turgid, mod. pigmented. Vag. open +\\nlips mod. pigmented.\\n\\nskull only\\n1879 q Molossus abrasus Bot. Pickup in site R.R. Station.\\nErijoles, Canal Zone\\n\\nDec. 8 Barro Colorado (Island), Canal Zone\\n1880 ♀ Artibeus cinereus wg spd. 11\"\\nnullip. 34-0-9-16, 11gms.\\nforearm 70\\nFace flat-\\nMist net at boat landing, 15' from shore, in a.m.\\n\\n1881 ♀ Chiroderma isthmicum wgsd. 14½ forearm 47\\n72-0-13-20 24gms.\\nMist net m. Chapman House later [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]
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c. Koford 1956 9 specimen Catalog Dec.23 Orchid Island [N.shore], Canal Zone 1889 ? t.2x1 Micronycteris hirsita 69-11-13-25, 11 gms. De concret Dentry Box in daytime with 3 others in bunch. [illegible] tiny 1890 ? ov., inact. M. hirsita 73-12-12-24, 11gms. [illegible] tiny 1891 ? ov., inact. " " 68-13-12-23, 10 gms. Dec.27 Frijoles, C.Z. skull only 1892 ? Eumops abrasus forearm 59 mummy 1893 ? " " " 58,tail 44 mum. 1894 ? " " " 58,tail 41 mum. 1895 ? Molossus coibensis " 37, " 29 1892-95 mummies on floor attio of RR station. 1957 Jan.3 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone 1896 ? remb. C-R 15. Glossophaga soriana? 66-9-10-15, 11 gms. [illegible] tiny, hairy. Emb. 10x15 bulge. Mist net, cleaning, nr. 1952 Lab. Hd., vt. 4mm. cinereus Forearm 39 1897 ? Rov 2mm. Artibeus watsoni 54-0-10-17, 16 gms. nip. 2x2mm; slight segment. forearm 57 1898 ? t.5x3 Vampyrops major 78-0-12-22 , 33gms. mist net 5MI evening. fore. 54 1899 ? t.5x3 V. major 79-6-13-22, 33gms. forearm 55 1900 ? t.5x3 V. major 80-0-14-22 , 38gm. nipos 2x2, yellow, A. Volta lips pigm. 1901 ? t-C-R13 V. major 84-0-15-21, 36 gms. 1902 ? t.4x4 V. major 84-0-13-22, 32 gms. Jan. 12 1903 ? Centronycteris maximiliani 78-21-7-18, 5gms. Hand net evening at 5M 1/2, (skull broken) 1904 ? nip 1/2m. Micronycteris megalotis 57-15-9-22, 5 1/2 gms. 1905 ? t.1 1/2 long " " 42-12-10-21,4gms. 1904-5 in Tower House with Saccopteryx bilineata.
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C. Koford 1957 Specimen Catalog Jan.11 Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone skull only 1906 ♂ Mazama americana Poacher killed. Ad.♂, testis. size first finger man. Jan.13 a.n.e. 1907 ♀? Phaeethornis superciliosus 3½ gms.; no fat. Netted edge clearing W.of 1452 Lab. Killed self in screened room. Jan.26 sk. & skel. 1908 ♀ Tamandua tetradactyla 1013-526-96-43, 8lbs. Nip 4wide x 3 high, no pigment. Vulva mips, no perign. No enlarged fell. Jan.28 t. 2½ diam. 1909 ♂ Florisuga mellivora 6 gms. Mistnet edge clearing n. Chapman House. Jan.29 Phyllostomid - face stripes 1910 ♂ t.16 x 4 Artibeus cinereus 55-0-9-16, 12 gms. Mistnet, Ripin slope W.of 1452 Lab. 9 Feb.1957 Gamboa, C.Z. 1911 ♂ Rhynchiscus naso 43-9-6-10 Killed hanging near garage door daylight Portobelo Colon Panama 1913 ♂ t.5 x 3 Glossophaga soricina 65-9-10-16, 9 gms. bone 43 1912 ♂ t.5 x 4 Carollia perspicillata 75-11-13-21, 16 gm. These in rather dark room of old fort at west edge town. 12 Feb.1957 Barro Colorado Is. femur 36 1914 ♂ Carollia castanea 65-12-10-18, 10 gms. 1915 ♀ 1cm" Carollia perspicillata 76-10-12-21, 19 gms nuptriy, unperign. Vag. suff. slight pigment. 2 flies; 10 chiggers. 1914-15 in mist net edge clearing near 1452 Lab.
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C. Koford 11 Specimen Catalog 1957 Feb. 22 Barro Colorado Island Canal Zone 1916 ♀ Glossophaga soricina for wgsed. 10½" forearm 36 66-9-16-15, 12 gms. 1 emb. C-R 30, TL 43. Nip 2x1, mod. pigm. Inside hollow large space in Bat Cave hanging to wall 5' up. 1917 ♀ Glossophaga soricina 6-7-7-11-15, 13 g. forearm 37 1 emb. C-R 22. Nip 1½x1 (slight pigment). Shot with 1916. March 5 Panama, prob. or Panama city. skull only 1918 Sylvilagus Pit from cage in Summit Gardens. March 10 Summit, Canal Zone 1919 ♂ Rhogeessa parvula wgsed 77-33-7-14, 8½ g fused 3a myos latu, pale belly. Read under clump tall bamboos. (found by Rolf R. Koford) March 13 Gamboa, Canal Zone 1920 ♀ o.n.c. Spixiatus No fat. Shot by policeman; perched near road. March 20? Empire, Canal Zone 153 gms., slight fat. 1921 Testis 7 mm. long. Shot night; perched vertically atop seeds. April 5 Ft. San Lorenzo, elev. 10' Canal Zone. 1922 ♂ t. 1 min. Natalus mexicanus saturatus 95-49-9-12, 5 gms. 1923 ♂ t. 5x3½ Glossophaga soricina itachii 60-7-11-15 10 gms. wt. 3.3 forearm 18, wet wlo plac. Nip 2w x 1 h., pigm. 1924 ♀ 1 emb. C-R 27 Gloss. sor. itachii 68-8-10-14, 16 gms. fem. 35½ 1925 ♂ t. 4½ x 4 Glossophaga " 65-8-10-15, 10 gms. fore. 45 1926 ♂ t 8½x6½ Carolia perspicillata azteca 81-13-14-21, 20 gm. 1927 ♀ 1 emb. C-R 29, haired Carollia perspicillata 74-8-12-20, 24 gms. Nips 3mm wide, fungid, black, milk expressed; lact. tissue; forearm 40½. 1922-1927 in cave 10' light & 8' wide, 100' deep, at base cliff. NW of Ft. 200+ Carollia +50+ Glossophaga present.
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c. Koford 1957 12 Specimen Catalog Panamá April 17 2 mi. N. Summit, Canal Zone [SardaniIlo Mine] 1928 ϴ Lonchorina aurita wspd. 14" last tissue. Black nips 3x3 mm. Fm. 52. Ut. 10 long, slight pigm. 109-49-13-29, 13¼ gm. Volvo T. 3x2mm 1929 ♂ Lonchorina aurita 107-50-13-30, 13gm. 1930 ϴ last. L. aurita hip. 3x3, black. Ut. 17x7 (enl.) 112-58-14-29, 13¼ gm. 1931 ϴ 1 emb. G. R25 L. aurita at 2.5 mm. long (empty) Nip. 2x2, black, bars around. Emb. found. 25x15 in membr., ut. 3gm.⚡ 108-51-14-28, 15½ gm. (w/o membr.) 1932 ϴ lasti L. aurita Nip. black, 3w x 2h, ut. 1/2 x 6 w: 1928 to 1932 in old mine tunnel 100' deep, 6' high, wet rocks. 112-52-13-28, 12½ gm. 1933 ♂ (Drias) Noctilia labialis T. 4½ x 3¼, brown. Chilonycteris rubiginosa fusca fem. 6'; wgd. 15½. 97-23-13-20, 22½ gm. 1934 ♂ (Drias) Noctilia labialis T. 4x2, 1933-34 in same tunnel as Castellia Lorocho. above, Chilonycteris rubiginosa fusca 95-22-14-19, 22 gm. 24 April 4 mi. E. 1 mi. S. Bocora, Panama-[La Jagua Gun Club] frm. 35 1935 ϴ last. Microonycteris megalotis microtis 63-13-11-19, 12 gm.s. wgd. 10¼" chewing jaws, 2 gms., femm. 15, gray fur, wspd. 4" 1936 ♂ imm. Phyllostomus hastatus pan. wgd. 23" 136-21-21-29, 86 gm. Shot duck grassland bordering savv forest in savannah area. 1939 ϴ 1 emb. G.R21 Chilo. Micronycteris meg. micro 61-12-10-20, 7½ gm. nip. n't v. not pigm.; nip. 2w x 1h. In hollow log with 1935. 25 April → ZYgo? 188-83-22-10 1937 ϴ 4 emb. Zygo? light forest in savannah land. veg. rip., nips not enl. 1938 ♂ t. 4x2½ Oryz. 167-97-21-10. 1940 ϴ last. Marmosa 295-165-19-18 Peace camp in 6'tall second growth forest. Mango bait. No jaws, attached. 1941 ϴ last. Zygo. light second growth in savannah area. 226-90-14-16, 75 gm.
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C. Koford 13 Specimen Catalog - PANAMA 1 May 1957 Gamboa, Canal Zone 1942♀ lemb.C-R19 Saccopteryx bilineata 60-15-7-12 wgd.11" frm.42mm Net 8p.m edge clearing. 2 May 1957 Chilibre, Panama [chilibillo Caves] 1943σ t.ne Pteronotus s.suapurensis 90-23-12-18,15½gm, frm.53,wgd.13½" 1944σt.n.e. " " " 90-25-10-17,15gm. 1945σt.n.e. " - " 88-24-11-16,15gm. 1946σt.n.e. Lonchophylla robusta 73-10-12-15,19gm. 1947σ Desmodus rotundus murinus 86-0-18-17,35gm. t.Bx6 frm.57,wgd.14" 1948σ t.7x6 " " " 88-0-14-16,39gm. All near ceiling caves of limestone. 1943-45 in solid bunch ±500±. 1947-8 in narrow side tunnel, dark, water on floor (pools). Also in cave Glossophaga, Carollia, Phyllostomus hastatus, Saccopteryx (mm entrance). Madden Wye, Canal Zone 1949♀ lemb. Artibeus jamaicensis j. 80-0-16-19,55g. frm.61.Nip 2w×th,pink.; roq.lips pigmented. 1cmb.C-R31 1950σt.7x5 Artibeus j. j. 89-0-17-19,48gm. frm.63. 1951♀ Artibeus j. j. 89-0-18-19,49gm. frm.64.Nip.3w×th,black∧. cb.bulge 6x6. skelskel. 1952♀ Artibeus j. j. 87-0-18-19 1cmb.C-R16 Disceded imm. 41gma.,♀, forearm 60. 1949-52 in attic concrete gasoline storage house. Chilibre, Panama. [chilibillo Caves] skelskel. 1953σ Pteronotus s. s. 1954σ Phyllostomus hastatus pan. 148-18-25-32 t.7x4,4x3 144-19-24-29
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C. Koford 1957 Specimen Catalog - Panama Julye 11 Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone +1955 1955♀ Tonatia amblyotis 101-21-16-34 30gm. frm. 51, wgsd. 15'' with another inside open-rottened old termite nest, 12' up. 1956 ♀ Micronycteris 37-13-9-19, 6 gms. one of bunch hanging from ceiling Tower House, wgd. 9½'', fore'm. 34 (07 juv. 4 gms. in bunch too, + 2 ♂♂, + another). +3x2 1957 ♂ Micronycteris 50-14-9-20, 6 gms.
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Chofad 1957 Journal 13 May 1957 To San Isidro del General, Costa Rica Sue and I left San Jose by bus for San Ysidro at 6:20 a.m. Bus went via Cartago on paved road, then on dirt road where life had a more primitive look. The road climbed through cut-away cloud forests when there was a scattering of 100 ft. tall narrow-crowned trees. Trees carried many reddish-leaved bromeliads and many lichens. Apparently much settling of logs, the squared 15' long pointed sections lying by road at many points. Also at highest, perhaps 10,000 ft., road passed through an island of Paranao grove, dominated by an elongate-leaved shrub about 5' tall. Rocks covered here with gray lichens. (Archie Carr and later Alexander Shutch told me this was the northernmost paranao). On occasion saw distant volcanoes or the ocean to W. down steep green valleys. Descended step-washed forested slopes to the broad (3 mi.) valley of the river Cereal, and reached San Ysidro. This at present end of Pan-American highway. Arrived about noon. Lunched on black beans and rice at El Jardin. Found Juan Schneider about 2 p.m. (we had met him in San Jose at Pension Conde). He spoke English well, had been to the agricultural school at Zamorano, and had a farm near San Ysidro. His father an old farmer with large finca, and a friend of Shutch. Juan took Sue and I in his jeep over a rocky road, across a river crossing above floor of jeep across a cable suspension bridge that sagged 2 feet as the jeep passed, and up a jeep trail to Shutch's place, about 12 miles from San Ysidro, and probably not reachable by jeep except in dry season (wet just starting). Juan said Shutch did not like jeeps in his place, but for him would not mind. We went to the small house surrounded by lawn, garden trees, and fruit trees. Shutch appeared out of a nearby shack - he had been getting a haircut. His wife (Mrs Lancaster, 3 yrs married) was with him. We talked birds mostly, and the area and region.
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Hoford 1957 2 Journal 13 May 1957 San Isidro del General, Costa Rica Sketch about 50 or 55, his wife perhaps 40. He seemed a mild gentle shy man. Features somewhat sharp, and complexion somewhat dark. He showed us his notes. He takes field notes in small notebook. Then rewrites into a journal, continuous, in school-type bound note-books, in ink. At left margin is index - species, and kind of behavior. The many volumes of these notebooks kept in a square large suitcase sized box. A smaller elongated box holds index. Sheets for a sheet for each species, & under subheads such as "nesting" a series of numbers (volumes & page of notes info in note-books). Visible library was small - about 6 shelves about 5 feet long, many of the books being on philos-ophy or religion. We went for a walk in the 100 acres of forest near his house, where he does most of his work. Heard motmets, woodcrepers, Tinamous. Almost no trails - he said less trespassing thus. He thought the forest near climbing, though I saw no trees over 3' diam. (Brominium utile). Much leaf-mold & leaves underfoot - black organic matter diggable with fingers to depth of a foot or more. Slope gentle. Heard & saw Celus. Some said mounds as of a Leomyidae rodent (Macrogeomys?). S. said agoutis present. He showed us nest of a Malacoptila - a deep hole in forest floor with entrance a mere pocket fist-sized, among twigs. We saw a cluff-rumped toucan & its nest (on-the ground!). A rushing 15' wide rocky river near the house. Torrent flycatchers said common here. A.S. knew almost nothing of Sarcoramphus or its nest, & had never seen nest of turkey vulturs. He said he had never known of a joy or howling monkey in that valley. A.S. regretted he had only room for one to guest (we were 2). His wife talkative, mild, & interested in his work, but apparently forgetful as she repeated same questions several times at intervals. Juan said they rarely left the finca - perhaps once a year - and that A.S. had
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C. Koford 3 Journal! 13 May 1957 San Isidro Jd General, Costa Rica few friends among local people. Apparently he likes the isolation - he had been here 20 years (left road to San Jose only 12 years ago). Recently A.S. had published a thick book on "the search for the divine," but we did not discuss this. (A review in recent Spanish by Archie Carr in a philosophical paper of Univ. C.R.). Apparently Shutch had never heard of my condor work, & I suspect that he paid little attention to what other ornithologists were doing. He did no farm work himself, tho Juan thought he had on his place a family which farmed & paid rent in produce. Banana growing nearly, & coffee in surrounding area. Elev. at Shutch's about 2500 ft., & of San Isidro about 2200, A.S. thought. 16 May 1957 Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama We flew via COPA from San Jose, C.R., to David, over thick evergreen forests of southeastern C.R. David low and hot, but 11000 ft. Volcan dominates the view. A good paved road about 25 mi. up to Boquete, at 3800 ft. Town lies in bottom of a forested bowl, but much forest second growth, & much coffee growing on steep slopes. We stayed in house overlooking town, loaned by Mrs. Marita Mancioy of Panama (cage bird fancier). Much rain. 17 May 1957 We climbed several hundred feet up a slope to the Piedra del Loro, where we had a fine view and took a few 35 mm. pictures. 18 May 1957 Hiked up a road to NE of town, & a short distance into forest. Heard many interesting but unrecognized bird songs. Good camping for collecting spot here in secondwoods. Saw several small-billed green toucans in patch forest next to a cafe/teal. Mounds suggested gophers on forest floor. 19 May 1957 Flew back to Tocumen, Panama,
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Koford, C. B. Species Accounts Barro Colorado Isl. Panama Mammals Birds 1956-1957
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Cebus capucinus September 16, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone I saw one descend from trees and go under A-2M house to reach through wire to get old bananas. "Juan", a pet of Wilman (photographer), was in this cage yesterday. Perhaps the two or three had been released earlier by Wilman. In afternoon a half grown young seen in trees near Chapman House. September 18, 1956. About 4 p.m. saw one riding on back of another near Chapman house; apparently mother or young. September 23, 1956. Apparently the dense foliaged tree 50 yds. SSE of Chapman House being used as food tree, for Cebus seen there almost every day recently, at least 3 there this morning about 6:30 a.m. Also fairly common along the trails - saw 2 or 3 times more often than Alouatta. October 2, 1956. Still common near clearing. In a.m. about 9 saw 3 (±) in broad leaved tree 100' SSE of Chapman House - favorite tree at this season. On Vent Van Tyre trail saw one on ground in path, about 4 in trees near. Often seen in same places as Alouatta tho usually at different times. October 13 & 14, 1956. Now seen near Chapman House these 2 days. Nor day Oct. 23. Apparently a certain tree lost attractiveness. A white hawk apparently after two Cebus on Oct. 17 near New Lab, July 27, 1956 Carl Rettenmeier notes. 6+ DC 3- 3.5 about 10 a.m. December 8, 1956. Fairly common. Saw in balso nr. Chapman House and nr. VVT 2. December 16, 1956. Saw no visit 3 balso flowers in once.
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C Koford 1956 1957 2 Cebus capucinus December 16, 1956 Barro Colorado ls, C. Z. seen nr. Chapman House and seem to eat central part inside something thin. Few flowers fully mature perhaps because of suck feeding. December 22, 1956. Unusually frequent along TB from 5 to 10, in trees & palms, often calling. January 2, 1957 In early evening one seen going from flower to flow er in Bolsa tree S. of Chapman House. January 5, 1957. At least 4 seen near WMW 3. At least 3 or AVA near JZ O. One of these without tail but jumped about mildly. 22 January 1957. Two at 4:30 p.m. in almendros at point SE of boat dock, apparently eating almonds nuts. 23 January 1957. Two in almendro NW of Kitchen appar- ently feeding on fresh crop almonds nuts. AA Nasua also high among branches. 26 January 1957 Three about 2 p.m. feeding on fresh almonds fruits in tree 100' NW of Kitchen. 1 February 1957 A few in almendros near Lab in morning & evening apparently scraping surface flesh off nuts. 16 February 1957 About 4 p.m. I saw two in Bolsa next to Chapman House. They went from flower to flower, appar- ently eating or drinking something from within. 5 March 1957 Have seen in bolsa or almendros near buildings in last week a 2. Almendros nuts all gone & Bolsa seeding & foliage scraggly. 20 March April 1957. About 5 in Ceropia SE of JZ48ddy, in mid-afternoon. No young seen yet this year.
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C. Koford 1957 3. Cebus capucinus 4 May 1957 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. In dry season seem to heard much less frequently than Alauette, though believed to be more common. 20 May 1957 9-12 a.m. saw group near Tanner, SM G, & another site. Much more activity then in dry season at this time of day.
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C. Koford 1956 Aloatta palliata September 1, 1956 Baro Colorado Island, Coral Bay Upon arrival BCI, groups in tall trees close to landing on S side of Davis steps. Three young seen, about half grown, & at least 5 adults. || Heard every morning about 5:45 a.m., occasionally at night, & at start of hard rainstorm. When alarmed by man, continue woof-woof like barking. Before start barking often sounds mmm - mmm - mmm- like whining puppy. At start of morning howls, call be-gins with slow clicking throat rattle, restrained, then builds up to roar. Apparently howling contagious from claw to claw so roaring travels over island. Often seen in very same trees with Colubs, & in same places at different times, but travel much slower than Colubs & do not make spectacular croching leaps from one tree to another. October 2, 1956 One aloote apparently sick on fork of branch 75 yds W of Old Lab. Little movement, no sounds, & no response to sounds by me. It had white area on tail about halfway to end [illegible]. Morning of Oct. 3 still there - probably sick also. pelage in good condition. Gone by noon Oct. 3. || Dr. A. Mrs. Desjardine on Oct. 4 saw 1 F & juv. with 3 ?? near TB 18, one male had cut & swollen upper lip. September 29, 1956. Near Chapman House a group of 5 in- cluding a half grown young. S
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C. Koford 2 Alouatta palliata October 27, 1956 Barro Colorado I.s., C.Z. at 8 a.m. a group of 5 100 yds. NNW of 1924 Building, apparently 07, 2 min., 2 others (90?). One min. look with two larger for several many minutes, but later two min. marking one larger one. all had dots in neck, suppurating. Some scratching of hot swellings. They plucked Cecropia leaf stalks, ate stalks, let leaves fall. I took some photos with 12'½" lens, lensflex, 3¼ x 4¼". Male watched closely two Celus below, 100' away. July 26, 1956 Carl Bettemeyer notes. 5+ in fig tree base hill nr. TB 5.5, probably eating figs (almost eat). 10 a.m. August 4, 1956. 3 large ?♀ with large young on rocks. 9 total, 10 a.m., BL 14.3. at 12:15 p.m. 12 in some tree, including young. November 10, 1956. In mid afternoon two groups of about 5 on S SE side clearing near 1924 Bldg. One group had 2 ¼ gram with it. In holes & other trees. Apparently eaters. December 6, 1956 Several in 4 near a large Ficus at N. side of SM ½. Many fig scraps dropped. Figs green, ½ to ¾" diam. December 11, 1956. At least 4 in same Ficus at 8 a.m. December 13, 1956. Two at least in Ficus 100 yds. from above. December 29, 1956. Two near AVA 7. One (young or?) came close, a down to 20'sabove 2 boys, broke off sticks, & defected. January, 15, 1957. Near TB 10 saw 4, one about half grown with apparent mother, all laying in near-bare treetops. 16 January 1957. At least 4 seen in tall fig nr. ST 16.
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Alovatla palliata 16 January 1957 Barro Colorado Is, C.Z. A group of about 10 passed along edge clearing below Allen House in afternoon, string out 100+ yds. 19 January 1957 Saw one of 20' swashed near Tower. No others found. 2 February 1957 Robert Evers saw a small young clinging to adult in transit near SM 1. 16 February 1957 Near AVA 3 I saw at least 8, at least 2 being juveniles, in large tall fig tree. One juv. very small, perhaps 1/5 size adult; other about 1/3 grown. Mr. P. Hawes reported a clan with a small young near Miller 10. 5 March 1957 Near BL 4 saw 10 including a tiny "dole in arms" clinging to side of mother, all silent and high in crown of tree; Morning chorus about 5:45 a.m. still. On 3 March I saw 5 in top of Paulownia Fendleri near SM 1 1/2. Eating small tufts of new leaves or bases of same, & throwing them down. I took several photos of these (2 1/4 x 2 1/4, Graflex 12 1/2" lens). 9 March 1957 A group of about 50 scouts & parents were stationed along about 11 miles of trails to count monkeys 7:30 to 10 a.m. Each pair had sector 700 to 1100 meters long. Results of counts rather poor, a total of 28 howlers and 41 Cebus being reported. Largest group of howlers 5, and often 1, so evidently many members of groups missed. Some inexperienced and may never have seen a monkey in the wild! Method could work with preliminary training of people & familiarity at trails and monkeys. Putting best bilers on trails most distant from Dole introduces error. Many jumped at trail ends so as to be on the job early.
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C. Koford Alocatta palliata 17 March 1957 Barro Colorado Is, Canal Zone Last evening mother & baby on low branch of a Cecropia about 100 yds. SE of Chapman House, at 7 p.m. Still there 6:10 a.m. but very soon departed. Young are small, clinging to mother. 6 April 1957 A group of 10 out near Lake 6. At least 2 of them were adults carrying juveniles (so 12+ total). 13 April 1957 At least 5 in Cecropia & other trees 50 yds. SE of 1924 Bldg. Two each carry a small young. Young one clings upside down to chest mother as she climbs along branches. Some of group hauled when gasoline engine at 1924 Bldg. started. 9 April in p.m. there were 2 out in same tree near 1924 Bldg. 20 April 1957 At least 5 in almonder & other trees near JZ 8. Heard early from AVA 9. 27 April 1957 Found skeleton, termites still feeding on parts, in bed Alles Creek about 200 yds. above 1952 Lab. 4 May 1957 Saw at least 5 including small young separated from mother at JZ 0. On 30 April saw about 8, perhaps some group, at AVA 2. 7 May 1957 A love of eating figs in tree near TB6. Not especially large. 29 May 1957 Saw group of 3+ at BL 2 about 9 a.m., 4 at 11:45 a group of 5+ at SM 1/2. 1 June 1957 Saw 1 and heard others 100 yds. to left (going out) of AVA 13, about 10:30 a.m.
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Koford Nasua narica July 18, 1956 BC Island, Carol Zone. Several near buildings every day. Cook just left over food or lawn. Tails expressed, up high when several together, probably lowered in submissive attitude. A tame joguamski brought within 15'. One costie walked to 3', tail high. When man closed both costies the joguamski ran after them. Mr. Wilmer, photographer, said costie disappears at one time earlier this year, then returns again to headquarters area. July 25, 1956 About noon two half grown seen with two different adults (4 jrs in all) on lawn at Hoskins Bldg. August 7, 1956. The bunch of Juns on lawn near Detch en include 7 juns., about 1/4 size adults. September 9, 1956 Hugo Wilmer has had about 5 mins. over 3 adults in an enclosure for about 2 weeks. I trapped one adult & 4 young & marked them. //Adult #?, 40" total length, 13 3/4 lbs. I clipped fur of crown, slit left ear (T), cut off LF toe ///X(medial). Tester appeared abdominal. Chlorofol recorded, won later ether & released.//Juns. ?, slit R ear, 1150gms.; clipped crown, cut off toe L F //// ///. //Juns. #?, slit R ear, 900gms., clipped fur R rumps, cut off toe L F ///+///. //Juns. #?, 1350gms., slit L ear, clipped toe FF LF ///++// LF X/// ///. //Juns. #?, 1050 grams., slit L ear, cut off outer front L toe. //Juns. squeal much when held. One adult came as if to attack me when two different young taken.
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54321 | 6789X 50 40 30 20 10 | 60 70 80 90 100 Marked cortex LF IIII+ medial od. 07 Sept. 9 II +/ 3 II+/ XIII II+/ 5 XIII 10 RF III/X Oct. 14 o-od.
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Koford Nasua nasica September 16, 1956 Barro Colorado Isl., Canal Zone. The family of 7 young coatis look up at kitchen. Red paint (Testor's dope) gone from foreb'd one, but clipped fur evident. Enclosure left open 7 days ago. October 14, 1956. Sue R. says she saw a small young near kitchen. Several half-grown seen there about a week ago. One adult has injured left hind foot & holds it well above ground always. Trapped this one in Nat'l T. Co. trap. Weighed 11 lbs., or. Slit ear, other already slit. Cut off outer toe R Front foot. Anesthetized for 4 min. with ether in 1 1/2 x 1 1/2 ft. cax. It was 6 minutes out of caw before it could stand; walked 4 min. later. Painted L side black orange. This one has slit cut near right nostril & holds L H leg up when walker. Teeth indicates old. Testor scratched, Drag on sides. Recovering from blow other, one of first acts was to lick tail. / Trapped another or, testor scratched, darker color. Weighed 11 1/2 lbs. One ear already slit. Escaped in handling. Some odor to this one in trap. No parasites or molt apparent on either animal. October 23/1956. The orange one still hanging around kitchen [#10 toe off]. Oct. 21 we see three with deep slash to bone across back; cut 4" long & open but did not seem to hinder animal much. One climbed live tree within an hour after & being a hummingbird feeder there & turned it over. Several times a feeder found on ground recently, often with branch broken - apparently coati work.
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CKoford 3 Nasua navica November 17, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. Tropped some around buildings & examined. 1155-569- 115-40, 11 lbs., Ø7, Mod. fat. No ectop. found. October ando- Sourza examined for ectoparasitic. Testes 25 x 20 mm. January 9, 1957. Tropped a Ø7, 10 lbs., at Test Table Bldg. for examination by Phyllis Johnston & Ernestine Thurman. They found ticks, chiggers, lice, & (in colon) orastrophyla. Oate measured 1400-450-110-40, 10 lbs., testis 22 x19. Saved laculum, R humerus, shell (cooked slowly). 16 January 1957. Saw 2 or 3 near AUA B, & 1 about 5 = 14, saw more often than Dasyprocta far from lab. 23 January 1957 Saw 2 at least 40' up in almonds tree. Probably feeding on husks of almonds nuts. Blue doing same. JAN 27 1957 Killed a ♀, 8 lbs., near Kitchen. Examined by R. Enders. No embryos, but slight pigment lips ulva & or nipples. Red chigger clusters on ears & some nipples. Enders saved skeleton. We saw about 15 (only one juv.) on kitchen lawn at mealtime. Heliodra still feeds there thug although she has orders not to. 31 January 1957 Saw 3 by green eyeskine about 20' above ground in tree to SE of Chapman House about 8 p.m. Tropped & killed 10 lb. ♂, testis , near Kitchen. 4 May 1957 Near 1924 Bldg. about 4 scruggly heavily pregnant females occasionally seen. No young seen yet. Often during last few weeks have seen 1 to 4 in large Acrobia going from fruit to fruits as if eating acats or other waste there.
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C. Koford Tamandua tetradactyla July 24, 1956 B.C. Island, Canal Zone Saw one while Don's trail enter forest from clearing at dusk. It moved about old log, then uphill went. Paid no attention to me. September 29, 1956 Saw one about SM 3 climbing tree near the hollow strangler fig. December 8, 1956. Saw 1 m w TB 9. Climbed tree & crossed over on stem palm leaf 20' above ground. December 16, 1956. Saw one about 11 a.m. near TB 20 going from tree to tree 30 feet above ground with much noise of crashing. December 22, 1956 About 50 yds. S. of TB 10 one 30 ft. above ground in tree. 23 January 1956 In afternoon Murl Densing caught one lay tail near SM 2 and brought in to photograph. Appari ent &. Sleeps rolled up with forelegs or head tucked out of sight under body. Alarmed sometimes stands with hind feet far apart, propped lay tail, forelegs spread wide, as if ready to embrace. 24 January 1956 Densing photos in movies & I in stills the anteater. Placed on bare vine it ascended slowly to top. Later came crashing down, & I put in cage to hold for examination. Can be carried by tip of tail, shakes down when tries to climb up to bars. 1 In afternoon I saw one at AVA 2½. It ascended 15' tall palm rapidly, then remained very quiet at top. I tried 35 mm. color photos in top. Kept in cage. 26 January 1957 Nearly dead in cage (perhaps was in sun), & died by noon. Made skin skeleton.
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C. Koford 1957 Marikina goeffroyi January 4, 1957 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone Remington Kellogg reported seeing 2 near TB 7, and possibly a third (or being seen). 20 April 1957 Several people from Quarry Heights have told me of seeing them in their back yards over Ancon Hill. 2 May 1957 Found one dead on road in Madden Forest, C. Z. 4 May 1957 In yard of house 321, Panama, a mango tree with at least 3 at about 5 p.m. (reported by Sue Koford).
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C. Koford 1956 Aotus trivirgatus griseimembra December 27, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. About 8 p.m. heard rasping in Cecropia 100' N. of Kitchen saw one in lower branches, apparently eating long flowers. It jumped from branch to branch quickly in moving away.
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C. Koford Caluromys derbianus November 11, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone Boconego found one near banana trees & brought it in in net. Very fierce biting, always attacked rather than retreating, but with bare weak. Cut off a right rear toe Q I // & released in p.m. in fruit tree. It stayed 10 minutes. Then went to tip another branch & jumped 7 feet down to grassy ground. Ad. or testes about 9 mm. drain. coat in blue-gray coat. Tail about 15" distal half white. Weighed 295 grms. When grabbed gave repeated shrill squeals. In tree climbed up. Did not seem to seek, dark retreat. Took photo in tree. December 26, 1956. Had long good look at one in lower branches of Cecropia just S. of Chapman House about 8 p.m. A Didelphis in tree at same time. Eyeskin of both yellowish white. January 9, 1957. About 7 p.m., saw one (+ 2 Didelphis marsupialis) in balza to S. of Chapman House. Climbed smoothly up branches, January 12, 1957. In evening had several good views at 6 ft. tree 20 ft. in lower part of balza.
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Koford 1 Chironectes August 21, 1956 B.C. Island, Canal Zone 8:30 p.m. at Lutz Stream on Dar Donets Trail (to Mr. D (1)) looking for frogs. One water possum swam toward me in 6" deep water to distance 5 yds, emerged so that I saw back markings clearly, & went back upstream. Ended thought (1932) not a B.C.D. Red eyeskin, bright.
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CKoford 1 Ddelphis marsupialis caucae tensis O.A.Allen Metachrops opossum ? August 1,1956 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone Last evening about 9 p.m. I saw one (apparently this) in branches of a Ceropia miflora near AZM house. Red eye shine. Ran slow branches easily, rarely using long tail around trunk. I set a live trap on fallen breadfruit tree (fell about July 20) nearby, baisting with banana, & caught one this morning. Weighed 700gms. & had at least 3 young, naked, about 40 mm. C-R length, in pouch. Blackish long hair most pelage, grey short hair, brownish belly. Tail white distally & coiled. Remanda toe 5, FR (front right posternum). Released at fallen breadfruit tree 100' NW AZM house. // Similar trap set evening but no catch by 8 a.m. Aug 2. // Evening Aug.1st saw similar in leafleted Ceropia SE 100' of Barbour House. Red eye shine. or 4" diam. Branch 20' up, beneath crown. Very long naked tail long straight down, white distal 1/2 at. In dark more not long appearing. Appeared dark pelage above, light below. November 4, 1956 Live trap set near log at S.M I took one small or. & had 3 small ticks tail. Weighed 235 gms. Clipped R F (T)) toe. Released at New Lab. November 25,1956. Trapped & weighing 1025 gms. on duty at Short Cut to Molino. Pouch empty. Outer R foot toe gone-the one marked Aug.1 apparently. Tame compared to Caluremys. December 3, 1956 + his is commonest carcass or road between Sambava Belboa, continual 3 in that distance. December 26, 1956. Saw one in Loba S. of Chapman House in evening. January 2, 1956 Saw one in same loba. In descending trunk it met ascending larger one. Red eyeshine. January 12, 1956. Saw 1 or 2 small twins in evening in big loba S.of Chapman House. Caluremys & Potos same tree.
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C. Koford 2 Didelphis marsupialis 17 March 1957 Barro Colorado, Canal Zone Ann Mc Balents took me in live trap at Fuentes House. It was a ♀ weighing 1250 gms., including several young in pouch. One young weighed 9 gms. & had total length of 108 mm. Nailer's yet. Easily pulled from nipple.
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Bradypus griseus July 10, 1956 B.C. Island, Carol Zone Eugene Oermann called my attention to one in top of tall Bombosoprin 50 yards E. of Old Sol. Wilma said it was there about a week ago. July 12, 1956. About 6 pm one dropped out of Ccep- in tree 100' W. of Kitchen. Wilman thought it was one he had photos in captivity & released about 6 weeks ago. He thought it originally from BC Island. I cut off posterior right front toe (of 3) & painted left side of body white (enamel). Boconaga hung it back in same tree. When held & arm pulled, sloth pulled claws back against forearm & brought foot forward as if to scratch. July 18, 1956. About 6 p.m. saw same one near top of smaller Cecropia 100' NE of first. Paint + missing claw visible. It hung by hind feet & scratched at head with alt. alternate strokes of foreclaws, keeping this up for several minutes at least. At 7:20 p.m. Also it was on a branch in top of same tree. Hawler nearby 50 yds. from it, moving in trees but not calling. July 19, 1956. Sloth gone from these two trees. July 31, 1956. Painted sloth said to have been seen in Cecropia 100' N. Kitchen yesterday, & another in Cecropia 100' NW of Kodak House. August 1, 1956. Saw the one near Kodak House about 6 p.m., & again about 8 p.m. Red eye shine, but small dull eyes. Responded to whistle by turning head. Much green algae on this one. At 8 a.m., in same tree, 10' distant, hanging by one arm a foot. Aug. 7, 1956 CW Bettman saw adult & small baby at Baldwin Lathrop 1.7 about Aug.5. Wilman had baby from Panama & had.
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Koford Bradypus griseis August ths 1956 11,1956 BC Island, C. Z. One in Ceropia seen A2 & home all day, at crech, not moving. Rain from now on. This marked July 12. August 12, 1956. One, large, in 50' tall prickly compound leaved tree 100' N NW of NW corner New Lab, near tip branch in well-leaved tree. Afternoon of Aug. 14 still there, within 10' spot. August 14, 1956. One in spiny Ceropia 100' N NW of Kitchen at noon, eating, + in morning Aug 15. Apparently not feeding or active. Much rain afternoon of Aug. 14. August 22, 1956. One reported in same tree. August September 1, 1956. Have seen this tree or vicinity today or Sept. 2. September 4, 1956 Same one in tree (Ceropia, same as July 12). October 2, 1956 None seen near clearing for past 2 weeks or more. Now reported a few Aug October 23. November 6, 1956 In heavy rain at WMW 3 saw one climbing 4" drain, vertical tree, only 5 feet up. Possibly the marked one. December 22, 1956. At TB 8Yz at edge clearing to S. of oil, one at crech of tree, 30 ft. above ground. Well developed black & white patch on back. Moved head much in response to whistle. Still there 1/2 hour later (11:30). No Ceropia seen near, but fig prominent. December 29, 1956. One in late afternoon on ground near 1952 Bldg. It finally hung in lime tree near kitchen. Took it down & broke off inner foreclaw of left forefoot. L 11" R 11" Weighed 7 lbs. No patch on back. 10+ moths seen or fun + a few collected. A large tick also taken from wrist. We replaced in Ceropia near kitchen.
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C Koford 1956 3 Bradypus griseus December 27, 1956 Barro Colorado Is, Gral Zone About 10 a.m. one in apparent Bombay 300 yds. NNW of 1952 Bldg. Stayed in upper branches at least an hour, apparently feeding. Had white mark with medial black stripes on flanks. Seen by Mr. & Mrs. Stappembek, who showed it to me. January 9, 1957. At Summit Gardens as in cage. Came 10' across ceiling wire when we arrived. Stretched out one arm + put claw in fur of back of a marmoset. Patch on both indist /0/. January 10, 1957. About 9 a.m. I saw one male in top of big Burba-copsis to SE of Foreman's House (Chichi H.). Tree with many leaf buds but few leaves yet. January 12, 1957. Saw one in top of Bombay with buds - but no leaves near TB 7½', 07. Same seen on TB 6' earlier? 19 January 1957 One in top of new bare Bombay 40yds. NNW of 1952 Bldg. at 8:30 a.m. + 1 p.m. JAN 26 1957 One low among large shrubs to N. of ZMA House, according to Don Densing. BC.I. 6 April 1957 I saw one in compound leaved tree (Viola?) at WMW 3 about 9:30 a.m. 17 April 1957 I saw one crawling on branch 15' above stream near The Water Hole near Summit, C. Z.
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C. Koford 1956 Choloepus hoffmanni December 12, 1956 Barro Colorado (s.), Qnal Zone at fork of Betch trail off AVA saw one lying on side on bunch of phylla devonian growing 20' up side of 1 ft. drain tree. Did not respond to calls, whistles, or dialing on side trunk but thought asleep, not dead. (Not there next morning). December 26, 1956. Warren Jarret saw one he took to be this near WMW 15. November 1, 1956. I found one dead on road half mile inward toward Bambusa from entrance to Summit Gardens. 07. 19 Saturday January 1957 Heard that Becerra got one near S. side clearing nr. Chapman House. It apparently one resting high in tree near 523, 15 April 1957 Paul Johnson gave me one (mim). It captured cp near Palo Duro about 1 month ago. Kept in cage since. It was clean but scrawny. After 1/2 day without food I weighed it - 1600 gms. I clipped inner right hind toe nail XII and released near Chapman House. I took photos. It climbed about 1 1/2 feet up 1 1/2" galv nized iron pipe before slipping back down. Hind claws clung tightly, forefoot claws weak compared to body- pus. 20 May 1957 One hanging in tree 25 ft above trail near AVA B at 11 a.m., judged to be not Bradypus.
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E. Koford Choloepus hoffmanni November 1, 1956 Found one dead on road half mile toward Zambo from him with garden entrance. No sept. tested tho 27.
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C Koford 2 Tamandua tetradactyla 1 February 1957 Barro Colorado Is, C.Z. Saw one about 4 p.m. in tree at WWU 11. Paid no apparent atten- tion to people + 15' below + 30' dist out. Seemed to be moving a licking small insects (ants?) from branches. 12 February 1957 In afternoon Miss Marsh saw one close range near SM1. 26 February 1957 I saw one ascend vine near WWU 3. Postoral nipples enlarged; probable ? 4 March 1957 In evening I saw one in a 15' tall tree on the seaward side of Stothia Island. It appeared to be in good health. A week ago a visitor told me he saw one on this island. Did a boy put it there, as did it cross 50 yds. of water to reach the island? 27 March 1957 I saw one climbing 2" drain tree near AVA 12. David Donnelson saw one near WWU 8 1/2. 30 March 1957 Ramsey Goden saw one on Stothia Island; saw one on 4 March ? 5 April 1957 One feeding on ground near generator house. 3 May 1957 I saw one climbing tree at BL1. One of flight factors injured or missing. Rather small size. 7 May 1957 Saw saw one about 100 yds. E. of Big Tree men, JVT 5. 1 June 1957 I saw one ascend tree at WWU 9 about 9:30 a.m.
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C. Koford 1956 Dasypus novemcinctus September 15, 1956 Barro Colorado (long C.), about 10 a.m. Saw one near Alice Creek at start of Barbour Lathrop trail. Nosing into holes beneath leaves, very busy. No smell noted. August 8, 1956. Notes of Carl Rettenmeyer. Three young about 50m dow E. of JVT 2.8 at 8 p.m. About half length of adult size. At 11:30p.m. One adult about 50m n. of + JVT Big Tree. October 27, 1956 at Donato 2 1/2 a large dead one in trail, little meat left, smelling badly. 22 January 1957 In evening about 5:30 p.m. One dug under a drying pile of loose grass near E. end of Test Table Bldg. When alarmed it suddenly dashed out & down the slope toward creek. 24 January 1957 Murl Deusing saw one near SM 1a 2 and tried to catch by tail. 1961 9-8 NVF JAN 26 1957 Early in night W.C. Lundy saw one near AVA 5 1/2. 31 January 1957 Saw one near AVA B, one near Test Table Bldg. + (same?) later near 1952 Lob. Rest under loose veget- ation with nose. Can run very fast in dark. 21 March 1957 P.G. Hawes found one fairly fresh but eaten except for skull & one foot, on Armour trail. 28 May 1957 Sue found dead one on trail near TB 1.
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© Koford Proechimys semispinosus spinosus Rat - 450 gms - brown above, white below, #1908 July 19, 1956 1807 CBK. Trapped at about 8 p.m. & ♀ same trap 10 p.m. at mouth of Luty Stream. ♂ with plug of semen in penis. ♀ apparently lost atris. Taken in Schuylen trap, Brana bait. ♀ had inguinal pin nipples plus 2 on each side between legs, high on side in area of brown color. Stomach contents pale green & white mushy; frog ments smell. October 22, 1956. Dr. Robert Cudrea wrote that he was interested in how many lost tails between marking & recapture. October 23, 1956. Trapped on by 2:30 a.m. (Oct. 24) in front about 75 yds. SE of Chapman House. Held till noon Oct. 24. Marked 1/1 x 1/2 F by toe clips, #2, #1 toe too small to clips. Head 5± flex, 20± meter. Roamed a few meters in 70% ROH. Released at site capture. Released, stayed at spot for 4r minutes, then away with high brando & into grass. Tail intact. No disfigurements except slit 1/2 cm penina. Ate bread in cage. Easily handled in cloth sack. Can push & scratch hard with hind feet. Wt. 480 gms. ♂, testes old. Penis & anal region & scrotum not dark pigmented. In sack made soft crying sounds. #2 August 16, 1956 Carl Rottenmeyer notes. One, at 6:30 p.m. in hollow log at Doroto 3.5, 14" drain, open end mst trail. Same place 11:30 p.m. Apparent adult. January 12, 1957. About midnight trapped ♂ in large live trap near SMI at side down log using lavender bait. Saw one under log earlier - This one photos in aquarium. Could be (this sp.?)
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C. Koford 2 Proechimys semispinosus January 13, 1957 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone. handled + lifted + did not bite. A roati entered lab and killed the rat. Remains showed testis 2.7 x 12 mm. Tail 105, hind foot 52 (sole black). About 50 red chiggers in region anus. Deerm plug at tip penis. 31 January 1957 I on Sunday night of 29 January a ? taken by Bocanegra, without a tail. This I killed this evening; a large ? I trapped one 30ydo. S. of Chapman House in live trap with corn bait. It had torn off right hind foot, thus x1/4. I clipped one stub short. Tail 170 long. Weight 309 1/2 gms. Had fleas, lice, chiggers, + mites; saves a few. Testis about 30 mm. long by palpation. Released, it walked slowly away, tail held about horizontally. I had picked it from cage with bare hand. A sneeze from my wife caused it to struggle much. Later it struggled + scratched when I accidentally struck its nose. Claws sharp. It seemed to tolerated plucking of ecto- parasites from nose, ears, + eyelids. 2 May 1957 Inside Chilobillo Caves, perhaps in dark tunnel, I saw a large one crawled a floor.
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C. Koford Mus musculus 12 January 1957 Barro Colorado Is., C. Z. Caught one in 1924 Bldg. ♀, noq. unifeg., 144-66-21-13, 13 gms.
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C. Koford Rattus rattus ? #1803 July 19, 1955 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone Took 2 in Schuyler traps in Old Lab in evening. Banana bait. Put up as slew #1803, Appar. min., other similar, discarded (405-220-38-22 mm., wt. horn 30x3, grey). August 1, 1956. Saw one in bureau drawer in Old Lab. apparently used old paper as nest.
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CKoford sigmodon hispidus November 14, 1956. Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone In 10 traps set in tall grass at Plantation Pt. took one ♀ (lost 1 trap). 1838 in CSK catalog, apparently mine.
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C. Koford 1956 Dasyprocta punctata July 27, 1956 Barro Colorado I3, C.Z. Carl Bettemeyer notes two at DC 3.5, one 20 meters each side trail, 10:00 a.m. July 29, 1956 Carl Bettemeyer note. Two young, 1/3 to 1/2 length note, possibly nursing. The 200 meter east of JVT6. Needs under posterior abdomen of asst. 10:30 a.m. December 22, 1956. About 4 p.m. saw one at FEL 4. It all- owed approach to 30 ft. before taking fright. In last 2 months I have seen one or about 4 times near SM 1/2 to 2, and on Nov. 28 saw one near Whelen 15 (or what out to AVA). 20 November 1956 About 9:15 a.m. saw one near Litz 4. Also saw one here in evening about Jan. 3. 16 January 1956. At AVA 8 1/2 near Big Trees saw one on ground, then sitting up on hindlegs, forefeet well off ground, upon a log. It fled calling loudly. 13 February 1957 I saw one on trail near WMU 14 about 10 a.m.
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C. Koford 1956 Coniculus paca July 27, 1956 Barr Colorado Co, Coral Bay Carl Rettenmeier told me that last night he found one fully killed, skull broken, on trail at junction of New Tyre and Barbours. Full grown. Possibly cat killed. (TT TB/10) August 8, 1956. Carl Rettenmeier noted. Adult at DC 3 under crown fallen tree at 11:45 p.m. November 20, 1956. Saw one on that cut to Luty about 9:15 a.m. With two provosts. Walked quickly uphill. 14 January 1956. Near Big Tree No. AUA 8½ saw one sitting on hind legs atop a log. In fright it fled, rolling slowly. 11 January 1957. Three poachers caught on B.C.I. had appar ently taken some pacas.
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C. Koford 1 Sciurus granatensis 10 January 1957 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. I saw one at JVT 2 on tree trunk - family commonly seen near SMI, near TB 10, in TB 28, or on AVA before Big Trees. 26 January 1957 I saw one near trail at TB 10. 1 February 1957 about 7 a.m. I saw one on Dorsete about DC4.
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C. Koford 1956 Potos flavus Kinkajou BC Island, Coral Bay July 11, 1956. Wilmer said he sometimes saw one in Acacia or Breadnut tree near Old Delphi house at night. Potos seen some trees at times. Yesterday Eugene Eckmann said he also saw one or more Kinkajous near clearing. Wilmer says about 10 days ago he saw adult with 2 small young near ZMA house. He said in April he saw 2 + small young from Pavarra. December 23, 1956 Saw one in loloa tree just S. of Chap- man House. Bright near-white eyeshire. Furless long tail. January 3.2, 1957. In loloa S. of Chapman House saw one at 9:30 p.m., 20' maput-tree. White eyeshire. Delphi in same tree earlier. January 4, 1957 I saw one in loloa S. of Chapman House 9:45 p.m., 30'map. January 12, 1957. One in same loloa about 8 p.m. In spite of light went from flower to flower & put head in. A companion said he heard creaking noise at this time. Eyeshire small & lights white. Delphi in tree at same time. Jumps from branch to trunk, about 4 ft. 15 January 1957. Again saw in loloa by Chapman House. Also in tree 2 Delphis + 1 Colomys. Potos seems to pay no attention to flashlight beam - goes flower to flower & puts head in. 31 January 1957. As usual one with white chin in loloa S. of Chapman House about 8 p.m.; Two in almeras N of kitchen, one hung by hind feet & ate using forepaws. Eyeshire red in one, white in others!
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Roford 12 Eira barbara August 29, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C. Z. About 3 p.m. I saw one near on bottom of tree near strangler fig 10 yds. S. trail at SM 4. No alarm at 30 yds. It soon walked away. One (perhaps this species) with white eyeskin seen BL 1 about 9 p.m. last night, 50' up in tree overtrail. December 26, 1956. Warren Earst saw one near SM not far (SM4?) from laboratory area. 1 February 1957 a scoutmaster reported seeing one between AVA and JZ near trail from JZ 21. 3 February 1957 Bruce Howes reported seeing and photographing two on WMW about half a mile from the town. Near start of FM Chapman trail. One called in brand, & the two seemed to play. High up, perhaps 80 ft. 28 May 1957. I saw one near WMW 11 walking near head of column of army ants.
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EKoford Lutra annectens December 9, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone Joe Muserie reported seeing a large one swimming away from dock in morning. December 16, 1956. About noon Joe Mustric saw one swim to small rocks at Calrado Point and then eat a fish about 5" long. He thought it smaller than the one seen December 9. January 10, 1957. On wooden dock at Drayton House, 2 piles of large fish scales [] and bones, perhaps placed by otter. 3 Apr April 1957 with Alexander Wetmore I saw one swim- ming close to dock at Drayton House. 27 April 1957 George Lee saw one near River New Plantation. 4 May 1957 Piles of fish scales indicated feeding on leeward side of Slothia Is.
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Koford Pecari Tayassu Pecari tajacu colored Peceary July 13, 1956 BCI, Canal Zone CW Rettenmeyer of Kansas Univ. told me there is trail on W. side of Whelen trail at 3 mark. Another men Miller trail, crossing shortest to Baldom Lathop. July 17, 1956. Two tame come to barn near Dutchin ( + costini too). Porangra says Dutchin by him as young last September. October 16, 1956 New Fairfield 12 found an imp. dead, hole in side, rotting. Attention called by one Calthers on ground, and stench. July 29, 1956 Carl Rettenmeyer note. There at DC 4-3. Traces & old TB 8.1. August 9, 1956 Carl Rettenmeyer notes. 3 or 4 near DC 4.3-4.7, 3, went overest DC 4.3-4.7, at 6:10 p.m. 6:15 p.m., 6 downhilled to NE; some smaller than others. DC 3.5 one went downhill 6:15 p.m. (old with white patch center left side). October 27, 1956. Along TB smelled peccary & saw tracks. From base of large tree with strangler figs near TB 5 (?) two ran across trail & away, 25 yds. ahead of gp. people. Soft dark amorphous droppings and much paved ground on trail near site. 16 April 1957 Near Dorato 4 I saw 3 adults with three small young ( brown). They snorted & dashed back & forth across the trail & trees in 2 min. young followed adults, severly. Young sometimes froze. Apparently eating large fleck of black palm fruit. 21 March 1957 P.G. Howes saw 2 at AVA 5, large.
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C.Koford 1956 Odocoileus virginianus July 18, 1956 BCI, Canal Zone A fat one, no antlers, grey coat, tame, near kitchen in morning. Aug. 7, 1956 C.W Rettenmeyer saw q at Tom Barbou 13. October 21, 1956. Tame one seen near Kitchen. August 10, 1956 Carl Rettenmeyer notes, DC TB5.4 one for 8:30 p.m. November 1956. The tame doe seen about once a week near kitchen, boat landing, or other buildings. It has no tail. January 3, 1957. Fausto Boranega says this (one) was one only on on B.C.I. He says mayamas near Hunter House.
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Chiroptera July 12, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone (1805, CIBK - in alcohol) J Carl W Rottenmeyer found baby bat a few days ago near New Lab. I preserved it in formalin, July 7 one found on launch at Frizula Landing; not sure. Rottenmeyer says between Lake & Whalen trails on way to Tenau he saw two bats near tree nests both going in/out. On July 18 he visited site but saw no bats. 1805 CIBK July 25, 1956 Carl Rottenmeyer found baby bat in Chapman house. Saved in alcohol (1809). August 15, 1956. About 500 yds NE of Old Lab, a dead tree (Guayacan?) about 30' tall, & bats coming out about 20' up in evening. Long winged & skinned warts. I think they are Desma. Saw also one of Sept. 1. August 18, 1956 On base of the big Pandanus tree on Van Tyne trail about 35 or W. side as high as 20 ft. up trunk, resting. Two sided light stripes. August 22, 1956. About 40 at same site. I took 2 flash pictures of some of these bats. Sept. 11, 1956. 1/4 gram young found in boat. October 14, 1956. U.S. Army. At Medical Detachment near Madden Wye, they were spraying attic of galvanized iron roofed concrete block house for bats. They were large = Artibeus jamaicensis Phyllostomids. Perhaps 100 in air at once. One killed was only half grown. The men said spraying kept the bats away for a period of time but that eventually they returned again. October 31, 1956 As usual, halfway down SSE side of Old Lab's office well under cover near worst nests.
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Barbed Nov. 12 M. negr. 07 07 07 07 46- 517 518 519 520 -Naskin B.D. "" Bonlaur N. Chibi A. S. belm.-
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C. Koford 2 Chiroptera November 3, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C. Z. At east side Donato a dead tree held up by large wires. When struck log two small bats flew out of hollow, 3' above ground. In daylight 6 to 7 a.m. small & med-sized bats were one 5M near 1 and 2 marks, flying back & forth, November 13, 1956 In evening went to dead tall tree in water 150 yds. NE of Plantation Point. First bat left tree 5:58 p.m. There were very small & flew very fast down & away. In all about 30 small ones came out of 3 holes in trunk. About 6:05 first large bat out, 4 about 5 in all; possibly Noctilio's. All out by 6:10 p.m. apparently. November 20, 1956 Put up mist net across Bk trail about ½. At about 8 p.m. removed a large Antilene and a small phyllostomid with facial stripes. None in net 10 p.m. at 2:30 a.m. 2 small lepid. At 6 a.m. one small lepid, rather gray. Holes in net indicate some escapes. Probably lost to sleep near net and tend it all night. November 22, 1956. A net near kitchen took a Molossus (coib- ercin?) about 7:30 a.m. Net near W. end New Lab took a Uracina? about 8 p.m. Kitchen net took Curinus about 8 p.m., nothing else by noon. November 28, 1956. Put up net on S. side Chapman House parallel to edge of clearing. During night took 2 Antilene lituratus (two objects released) and 3 Chiroderma? Clear evening, then rain; 2 C. and one Ant. got in net after 10 p.m. December 2, 1956 Chilibre, Panama Visited Chilibrillo Cave which have opening about 200 yds. from road to Coln. Still intact with hundreds of bats hanging on ceiling of limestone cave about 30 ft. high in parts. Cluster
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CKoford 3 Chiroptera 2 December 1956 Chilibre, Panama. of 100t Carollia and 30+ Phyllostomus on ceiling. Took a Sorcopteryx near an entrance. Limited only one large room + passage to it; doubt less many more passages present. / Visited Mrs. Barnett 3 mi. SE of Jambos & saw 20+ Sorcopteryx on screens under eaves. Took 3, all ??. 4 December 1956. Took one in net, banded, & released. Prob. Underma (yellow ears) but perhaps Vampyrops (upper middle incision very long). 5 December 1956. Had 3 nets out, 2 in pool shop. Took an Attila eve wotoni about 7 p.m., 2 ant, lit. polmanum about 9:30 in same (Luty Trail). Antil. lit. mr. Chapman House 8 p.m. Mr. (? Noctilio labialis minor) pump house a Dicer at 7:50 p.m., a Chirodema at 10 p.m. (specimens). 23 December 1956. Went to Luty Boxes at Orchid Island. Only 5 left, there an Orchid. at least 2 gave from there all from De Lesseps. Bats in same are as before - big eared type with bold cream. I took all 4. These were clustered together at one point on ceiling. 27 December 1956 Frijoles, Canal Zone Entered attic of wooden train station covered by corrugated iron A roof. Saw about 5 Molossus (ceilonis?) ranging low near corners, & heard Molossus in roof. Several dead M. and about 20 dead (old, mummies) leg en molossids on floor of attic. Saved skulls for identification. Droppings appear to be old. 3 January 1957 An old mist net placed across SM mr. 1 and took clearing took 2 Antemus lituratus, 7 atilurus
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e Koford 1957 Chiroptera - Gen'l January 3, 1956/7 Barro Colorado Is. Canal Zone jamaicensis, 5 Vampyressa noja, 1 Myotis liliifolium, and 1 caribaeus nocturnus. Left 7 and 9 p.m. Not near Allen Cr. House took 1 Myotis nigricans, 1 Molossus molossinus, 4 by morning; 1 Myotis lili- folium. Old net near Chapman House at edge clearing took 1 Carollia caribaeus in morning. Most large bats came into first net when we had fords squashed much - a regular rain of bats, many escaping net after bat- ting it becoming only slightly entangled. Holden net set from 2 eve near New Lab took 2 Carollia perspicillata (banded & released), 4 in a.m. took 1 Carollia costana (C.R.K. examination). All low over grass & Piper near shrubs. January 10, 1957 Took a few Saccopteryx from VT Big Tree for examination. Banded some released at Lab. January 12, 1957 McRoberti took 3 Saccopteryx + 5 Myotis- nigricans from Tower house. Banded & released some. Examined others. Caught a Natalus ? in hand net at SM 1/2 6:30pm. 24 January 1957 Took a small phyllostomid in mist net low in clearing near 1952 Lab. 13 February Took a Carollia + a glossophaga ? during night in net near edge clearing near 1952 Lab. Two other large nets yielded nothing. Notting much less productive in clearing than in October and November. 31 March 1957 I put one net across trail at Bk O. By 9 p.m. on Artibeus ? and a Carollia ?. In morning Saccopteryx liliifolium too. 5 April 1957 Visited Fort San Lorenzo & took 2 species of tads late in old chambers, + many bats (3 sp.) in sea cave under fort. With David Sommerville.
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Koford 1957 Chiroptera - General 5 17 April 1957 2 mi. N. Summit, Canal Zone Mr. Bouche showed me an old mine tunnel at Sartoriello Mine, reached by 1 1/2 mi. hike from Railroad Highway. More than 100 bats in cave. Mostly Carollia (live with jurs.), many Lonchophyllus (with jurs.), and a few Diaea Chilonycotis. 9 February 1957 Portobelo, Panama Lucy & I went with Col. Glodell in army LCM. In room of old fort I saw about 6 bats & captured 2. About 10 escaped from coco palm, from foliage. About 6 small bat- tered (= Myonycteris?) seen in small arms of cave in high- est part of an old fort on hill. Gambosa, C.Z. 1 May 1957 Investigated 10' drain. pipe tunnels 200' & 300' long at Core Drilling warehouse of Dredging Division (near golf course). Found 100+ Carollia and many Glossophaga in these tunnels. Myotis nigricans in warehouse lobby. 2 May 1957 with Charles Hanley visited Chilibrillo Cave m. Chilibo, Panama. Found thousands of Carollia perspicillata, 500 Mois Phyllostomus hastatus, 300 Pteronotus, 300 Glossophaga several Lonchophyllus, soricina, several Desmodurus, and a few Sorceryngs Lailiata. 1 June 1957 Barro Colorado Is, Canal Zone. Dr. Sally Hughes-Schneider told me that today she saw a snake swallow a bat. As she passed a termite nest near J-6, a coiled up snake fell out of a termite nest next to the trail. The snake was about 5 feet long, dark brown, light below (Chimin?). Snake was coiled around a bat. Eventually (she watched 10 min.) snake swallowed bat down. She saw another bat go out and in same hollow termitate nest.
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C Koford 1 Artibeus jamaicensis & litoratus October 30, 1956 November 2, 1956 Barro Colorado Is. Gnal Zone ♀ 1824 (A.lit.palm.) Took ♀+♂ 1827 in mist net let mr Chopman Home evening. Same net took Glossophaga ♂ (07/1826) by morning. Cve of a lit. poly. Nov. 3-4 took Artibeus jamaicensis, 07/1830, ♀ 1831 in same net in clearing edge clearing Max height 8' above ground. Cve Nov. 2 took 3 about 6:45 within 5 min. after setting up mist net at Snyder Molina I. Took ♂ by about 11 p.m., when took down net because bats smeking it. No other lewis taken here, but smaller bats seen flying sun + a.m. One adult examined was ♀ with wings 3 wide x 4 high, fore- arm 69 long, 67 gms (after in cage 12 hrs.), measuring 97-0-20-23 mm. // I clipped toes from 7 others + re- leased them. Flight low & heavy. One hung up in Georgia immediately. Marks: L R RR scrotal (111) (111) ♀ test. O 70 mm, forearm A.l.p. ♂ 62 mm., A.jj ? ♂ 65 mm. A.l.p. ♀ 63 mm. A.l.p.? ♀ imm. 61mm. vag. imperf. A.j.j. ? ♀ imm. 64 mm. A.l.p.? +111 ♂ 66 test. abd. A.l.p. Imm. dark grey & lacked head stripes; adults checked stripes & brown. Sometimes chip-chip chips when held hard. // Discarded ♂ testis 3 x 3, abdominal; 87-0-17-25, 46 gms. (after in refrig. 1 wks.); dark gray locks with obscure facial stripes; forearm 62 mm. November 10, 1956 Took during night I in mist net at NE end of 1924 Bldg, then in net at SE side of Chopman House.
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C Koford 2 Artibeus lituratus palmarum jamaicensis & A. jamaicensis November 10-11, 1956. Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone Taken 8 p.m., 11 p.m., 2 a.m., & day 6 a.m. They climb low to repeatedly when held by mesh for extraction. Probably smaller bats usually escape net. Kept these until afternoon of Nov. 11, then measured forearm, marked, released. Marks as follows: A.I.P. LR 11+11 //1// forearm 7 3/4 or testes protruding ///+1 6 8 1/2 ♀ nip. 1/2 mm. long. Lmm. ////+ 6 4 ♀ Lmm. LR-top 1+1// ///+1 6 9 ♀ Lmm. all flew to woods, among trees, & apparently landed in trees among branches. About 4 parasites found on wing membranes each (scand). Last eve November 12, 1956. Took two in nets near Chapman House; marked, & released. dorsal-ant. LR4 RR5 ♀ forearm 68. /XIII/ //X/ ♂♀ " 74 LR4 RR3 /XIII/ ///// Wing open. Nyctali, block typed, 4 wide x 3 1/2 long. A costi balled & ate at least one in mist net. November 22, 1956 Took one in mist net nr. New Lab LR4 RR2 about 10 p.m. Marked /XIII/ /XII/. Forearm 62. Prob. min. Released. November 28, 1956. Took ♀ ad., forearm 72, in mist net nr. Chapman House 7p.m. Tooz clipped ///+/// About 8 p.m., ♀, 71mm. forearm, toe mark ///x////. Perhaps killed before hung near net. Also in net a Chiroderma (57.863). November 29, 1956. One in net nr. Chapman House in a.m. ♀, forearm 73, many small spots. clinging to wing membranes; wt. 62 . Marked /XIII/ /// December 5, 1956. Setled one of ad. nr. Chapman House 7:50 p.m. Clip- ped toes ///// ///". Test about 5 mmms. Forearm 72. Between 9& 10 p.m.
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[illegible] 121 46 76 LR3RR4 Jan CD-O C742
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C. Koford 3 Arbiceus lituratus palmarum and A. jamaicensis December 5, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. two in mist net on duty Trail SE of Chapman House. One ♀, min.; dark gray, no facial stripes, forearm 62; LR↑RR×///// ///+I. One ♂, no scrotal tester, forearm 72, brown, four stripes; LR↑RR ×/////// //IX . At 6 a.m. on December 6, 1956, two in net on duty, 1 man pump house. One ♀, min., forearm 69, released LR 3 RR I . / ♂ min. forearm 61, LR 3 RR 2; had 4+ mites on wing membranes, 3 flies (2 left) in ventral fur); Dh. gray, poor facial stripes. / A ♂, forearm 61, dh. gray, poor facial stripes, had adult appearing myxobes + were saved as 1878 C PK (= jamaicensis) December 9, 1956. ♀, forearm 67, nipples small, well developed facial stripes, yellow tragus. Acted docile. Taken in net nr. Chapman House after 11:30 p.m. last evening. Marked LR 3 RR 3. Had 6± mites on wing membranes. wt. 76 gms. Released. Unvested in air when released. December 19, 1956. One ad. ♀ with elongated swollen nipples in mist netw. Chapman House & bole tree in a.m., (♀ 1883). 1882 & 1884 apparently jamaicensis, being smaller. December 11, 1956. About 10 p.m. took 2 in net nr. Chapman House. Ad. ♂, tan, facial stripes, tester half protruding, forearm 67½; removed 1 fly + 4+ mites; marked LR 3 RR A / 5 & released. Another at same time dark gray, poor four stripes, forearm 61½, marked LR 3 RR 4 & released (= jamaic., ?). A Parallia in net same time, possibly coming in response distress calls Arbiceus when in hand. Overcast evening & calm. December 12, 1956 In morning removed an min. ♂, forearm 61, from same net nr Chapman House. Marked LR 2 RR I and released (2 Christmas flies in net), //+↑+/////
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C. Koford 1956 Artibeus lituratus palmarum and A. jamaicensis December 12, 1956. Barro Colorado Island, C.I.Z. A.I.P: Twh ad.♀ net SM₁ at 7 p.m. Marked LR₂ RR₂. Forearm 71. Tanng brown. Vag. open. Nipples tinyd, 3x3 mm. wt. 82. at 8 p.m. took 5 mous 2 or 3 into net while I was holding over, as if squealing attracts. Another taken 10 p.m. A. jam. ♀ forearm 61 min. pilose LR₂ RR₃ A.J. ♀ 60 " " RR₃ [sic] OJ A.J. 62 " " RR₄ OJ A.J. 59 " " RR₅ ♀ A.I.P. 73 ad. LR₁ RR₁ nipples 4x3, black tips: ♀ A.I.P. 71 ad. LR₁ RR₂ nipples 4½x3 black tips. Very early in breeding season apparently. January 3, 1957. In mist net across SM trail near (near) water took clearing took 2 between 7 and 9 p.m. A.I.P. ♀, vag. pigmented, nips tiny, 67 gms., forearm 64. (brushed but no mos. externally) ♂, scat. slight pigm., testis ♂, 55gms., forearm 70. On same net took 7 until. A jamaicensis and several Vampyrops vaga. Net dam & remains eaten lat in it in early morning. A. jamaicensis January 12, 1957. First Took 3 about midnight near SM₁ in mist net. ♀ pregnant, wt. 46 gms., forearm 64. C-R 9 mm. Row, enlarged, 3 mm. diam. Facial lines indistinct. Dk. gray color. No thin upper molar, (A.I.P. possible). First pregnant artibeus taken. 12♀ parasitic flies on pelage. // Another ♀ pregnant, 1 emb., C-R18, R. ov. 3½ mm. long with 1½mm. yellow brown corpus; fat; 88-0-17-22, 56 gms., forearm 64; lips vulva pigmented, nipples 3 mm. high x 6 wide at base, + could express clear liquid; red (blood color) chigger wing membranes, white deep in pirnnae; 3 flies + mites. // Another ♀, forearm 60, had 30♀ flies, A.J.J.
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C. Koford 5 Artibeus jamaicensis January 12, 1957 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone 1 mile, 10+ red skagging, 5+ yellow skig. in cars; measured 86-0-15-23, 44gms.; 1 emb. C-R14; Rar. had yellow-brown cooper 1½ lean; nips mod. pigmented, marked 4 wide x 3½ high, unmarked area 12 mm. long; pigmented lips very far over. David & Ann Me Robate put up specimen. David set parasites. 3 February 1957 One ♀ taken in net last night, 65gms after stoned in captivity, forearm 7½mm.; vulva pigmented, nips slightly pigin.; L av. with pink cooper 2 mm. lean; ROv. yellow, 3½ x 2½; uterus enlarged as if plodated; nipp- les turgid ∧, 3¼ wide x 2¾ high. = 1/turatus palmarm. Another forearm 62½, was of testes 8 x 6½. Stewed, weighed 40 gms. 1it. palm. 31 March 1957 By 9 p.m. one taken in net at BLO. Forearm 6 4½. Light brown fur. Tot. len. 90. 60gms. wt. 0 parasites. Much lactial tissue but no milk in. No emb. L av. bloodshot. Nipples pigmented, 5 wide x 4 high, flaccid, marked 3 mm. area around. 2 May 1957 with Charles Honsley visited at Madden Wye, C.Z., atlic of concrete gasoline storage shed. Corrugated iron roof on 2X4 framing. about 100 large bats (specimens 1949 to 1952, CBK). Some pregnant, and a few now breeding but large, and some moles present.
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C. Kofoed 1957 Artibeus jamaicensis January 3, 1957 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. Earlier notes on this spec. mixed with Artibeus lituratus palmeri. Several came into mist net near SM1 between 7 & 9 p.m. Evening dark Fgm-gray. 7. ♀ nip.s.min., vag. not pregn. forearm 58, 40gms., gray. ♂, scrot. not pregn., testis old: Forearm 61. Wt. 40gms., Dkgray. ♂ extruded test. 5mm. (not pregn.) 63 41 Brown ♂ epts. test. 7mm. long. 60 45gms. Brownish ♂ test. not extursable, 62 45gms., gray. ♂ left. test. 8 mm. ; forearm 63 ; 45 ; Bm-gray ♀ nopregn. nip. or ruler; nips min.; 62 41 gray January 12, 1957. See Artib. lit. palm. p. 4. 32 individuals of Artibeus jamaicensis/ literature marked by toe clipping Nov. 2 to Dec. 12. No returns. Possibly lethal.
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C. Koford 1957 Artibeus cinereus watsoni January 3, 1957 Barro Colorado, C.Z. To now all taken mode specimens; data in catalog. Took 2 in night in mist nets. One ?, starting repro. activity apparently (spec-imen 1897), discarded ov, grayish + pal. minuter; measured 51-0-10-16, 14 gms., forearm 38. Testis 4 1/2 by 3; no apparent sperm shown by cutting.
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C. Koford 1956/7 Corollia perspicillata January 2, 1957 Barro Colorado Island, C. Z. Took 2 dry 8:30 p.m. in nets near W. end of New Lab. These lots must have been among shrubs & within 5 feet of ground. ♂, testis about 5 mm. long, forearm 4.4, marked by clipping & two #1 ///X 4 min., forearm 4.3, clipped & two #2. 25 January 1957 One taken in mist net near 1952 Lab. ♂, 15 gms., testis 6 x 4 mm., penis slightly segmented. Not saved. 16 February 1957 Two taken in mist net near 1952 Lab. ♀, forearm 4 3/4, wt. 17 gms., vulva & anus nod. pigmented, nipple unpigmented and 1/2 mm. long ~ ; emb. C-R 8 mm.; ov. 1 1/2 x 2 mm.; 6 ± hair-like worms on or in embryonic membrane; 12 ± worms in abd. cavity, loose; many pinprick around anus and vulva, & when squeezed white grease oozes out in "S" loops. On the ♂, forearm 4.3, 17 gms., vag. & anus slight pigmented; nipple law ~ and not pigmented; no emb. but uterus enlarged & yellowish; 5 ± hair-like worms in abd. cavity; 2 flies in fur. I sent abd. worms to Dr. M. Vogt, UCLA. 31 March 1967 9 p.m., one in net at Bk O. No emb. but see yellow follicle in L. ovary. Vulva nod. pigmented. Nipple pigmented but 1/2 mm. long & wide only. Wt. 18 mm. Tot. length 63 mm. Forearm 4.2 mm. 5 April 1957 at Ft. San Lorenzo I found a group of 3 ♀♀ 1 ♂ in old date tunnel on S. side of highest level. ♂♀ pregnant. One more escaped. All are bunch. In the Cave at below cliffs at N.W. side off foot there was
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C. Koford Carollia perspicillata 5 April 1957 Ft. San Lorenzo Canal Zone 200a+. Cave went in perhaps 100'. I went in 50'. Walls about 10'-8' across at bottom, 7' to ceiling. Bats in irregular bunches in wide crotch in celing. Limestone (?) stalactites stobctites on some walls. Wet floor, often muddy. (I found a Natsalu and 50+ blossophaga in same cave). Some C.p. imm., so many pregnant ff, some o7 o7. I captured 1 large jwr., 9 ff, and 3 o7 o7. Jwr. f 8gms.-forearm 31 mm.-well furred. f 17gm - fore. 42'1/2 - lactating - nipple 2'1/2 long x 2wide, with spheroid ; l. ovary 2'1/2x1'1/2 Imm. f 18gms. (gray fur) - fore. 42'1/2- nipples <1/2 mm. ad. f 24gm., f. 42'1/2-nip. 2'1/2 wide x1, black tip ; valva mod. pigm. 1 emb. c-R 2-7 (both segments & finely haired. ad. f 24 gm., f. 44'1/2 - nip, 2'1/2wide x1, block- 1 emb. c-R 2-7 (dark hair follicles look somewhat ad. f 22gm., f. 42 - uterus elong. (12 mm. bladder dust to tip lead, dark red; nipples 7 wide x3, black, flaccid; lactating. Vulva slight pigm. ad. f 28 gm., f. 42'1/2 - nip. 2'1/2 wide, turgid, block, naked around ; 1 emb. c-R 31 (6 gms. w/o membrane + placenta, wet), well haired. ad. f 28 gm., f. 44 - nip. 2 '1/2wide, turgid, black-lore 2'1/2mm wide area around. 1 emb. c-R 30, well haired block. Imm. f 19gms., f. 44 mm.- gray fur. nipples not enlarged. But blood in uterus & red spot R. ovary + vulva mod. pigment. ad. f 1427 CBK - also 1 emb. c-R 2-9, haired.
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C. Koford 3 Carollia perspicillata 5 April 1957 Ft. San Lorenzo Canal Zone Jm. Ø 16 gms., forearm 41, testis 3x2 mm. Gray fur. Jm. Ø 18 gms., forearm 42½, testis 6 x 4. " " Ad. Ø 21 gms. 44 test. 9x6, protruding externally; brown fur. Ad. Ø 1926 CSK - also large testes. This is same cave where P. Bleak found Micronycteris platycephala and Natalus micropus with Carollia. 17 April 1957 2 mi. N Summit, Canal Zone Visited Sandovallo Mine with Mr. Boucher. Hike up creek & branch from The Water Hole, about 1½ mi. Old mine machinery from 1920t. Tunnel 100' deep, horizontal, slight curve. Ceiling 6-7 ft. above solid floor, but only 4-5 ft. above surface loose mud and water (strong smell HzS). Hundreds of green sapote beans in water, + several large frogs (Leptodactylus pentad.). Rock walls rough. Starting 10' from entrance some Carollia hanging, + perhaps 500 in tunnel, mostly in clusters on ceiling. Some tiny young being carried by mother, but ØØ also present. Deep in cave a few Dirnis on ceiling and about 300 Lonchophylla aurita (?). Many parasitic flies on the bats (sent to Mrs. Thurman, nos. 5005 to 5007). Entrance of cave on hillslope under 60' high canopy. I examined specimens but kept none. Info on skins: Ø 19 gms - forearm 42 - test. 9x6. Testis scrotal, skin naked; penis near black. Ø 18½ - forearm 42 - t. 8x5, scrotal. Ø 18½ - forearm 44 - t. 8x5 Ø 18 - forearm 45 - t. 7x5 } penis black but ft. slight pigmented scrotum.
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Koford 1957 Carollia perspicillata 17 April 1957 2 mi. N. Summit, Canal Zone Fur color varies much, from rufous brown to dark chocolate brown. ♀ 19½ grms., fem. 44. Lactating. Nips 5x3¾ in naked area 10 mm. wide. Oozing milk, Uterus 10 mm. long (meas. to tip). with one jiv. attached; jiv. 5½ grms., fem. 26. ♀ 17 grms., fem. 41. Also lactating, nips 5x4h. Vulv. mod. pigmt. with one jiv. 8½ grms, forearm 36, attached. ♀ wt. 21 fem. 42; lactating easily. Nipples black, 3x3 mm. ∆, involved area 10 mm. diam.; ut. 17 L x 7 W. ♀ wt. 18½, fem. 41. Nips tiny < ½ mm., unpigmented. Vulv. mod. pigmt. 1 embr. C-R 12. Ut. 20 Lx5 wide (emptied). on jiv. - 7½ gm., fem. 29 mm.; well furred, gray. Smallest jiv., fem. 26, wt. 5½. Carried by fem. 36, wt. 8½ at? 1 May 1957 Gamboga, Gt Z: In tunnel made of 10' diam. steel pipe, 200 ft. long, & another 300 or + ft. long, many, perhaps 300 total not including young carried by adults in flight. With Glossophaga soricina (jivs.). Examined many bats: ♀ ad. - nip. 3w x 4 high, lactating; forearm 42, 20½ grms. ♀ jiv. hanging on above - fem. 39, 9¼ grms. ♀ ad. nip. 4x4, lact. - fem. 42, 18½ grms. ♀ ad. nips 2 w x 3L, lact. (black tips) - fem. 44, 22 grms. Uterus not enlarged; vulva pigmented. ♀ velvety pigmt. - nip. 4x4, black, lact.; fem. 43-18½ grms. ♀ ad. nips 3x4, lact., black tips, flattened; fem. 43, 18 grms. ♀ jiv., fem. 41, 10 grms.
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c. Koford 1957 Carollia perspicillata 1 May 1957 Gamboa, C.Z. ♀ ad., nrip. 3x3, lct.; frm. 43, 20 gms. ♀ Immv., frm. 43, gray fur, f 16 gms. ♀ ad., nrip. 5x5, lct., frm. 42, 19 gms. ♂ juv., frm. 34, 8 gms. ♂ juv., frm. 39, 10 gms. ♂ juv., frm. 32, 7 gms. ♂ juv., frm. 41, 12½ gm. ♂ ad., frm. 42, t, 8x5mm, 20 gms. ♂ ad., test. 7x4, frm. 41, 17 gms. ♂ juv., frm. 40, 10½ gms. ♂ juv., frm. 42, 14 gms. ♂ juv., 36 frm., wt: 8½. ♂ ad., test. 7x5, frm. 41, wt: 18½, brownfur. Only 3♀ juvs. but 7 ♂♂! Many still carry juven. When juven. fly from hanging, one hind foot sometimes seems to catch before releasing hold on perch. 2 May 1957 By far most common bat in Chilibrillo Caves, Panama, thus being several thousand. Many exposed dead on cave floor, some sputtering. Some carrying large young crosswise when flying. No large solid groups seen.
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C. Koford 1957 Chilonyrteris rubiginosa fusca April 17, 1957 2 mi. N. Summit, Gual Zone Jardillo Mine (Baedel, Jour. Mamm. 36: 232). See Carolla perspicillata note. Near posterior end horizontal old mine tunnel, clinging to rough roof. Specimens ♂/1933, ♂/1934CKK. Also Lonchura aurita present. Described ♂, t. 4x2, 96-22-11- 20, 23 grmz. Many parasitic flies (vole 5008 5009; to C. Thunman).
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C. Koford 1 Glossophaga soricina 5 April 1957 Ft. San Lorenzo Cnal Zone In 8x8' fairly dark room of fort I saw 2 hanging from ceiling & captured one (071923). Room had one doorway & a small window. In sea cave at foot cliffs at NW side found 50+, many carrying large juvenes. One juv. 6 grms., forearm 35 1/2, well formed body; 07, One juv. 2 grms., forearm 2 1/4, half formed body. Ad. ♀ 10 grms., lactating, mps florid 3 wide x 2 1/4 high; with expressed? Ad. ♀ 10 grms., forearm 35 1/2; mps slight projm., 2 1/2 wide x 1 1/4 high, vag. slightly projm.; 0 embryos but one ovary had enlarged bloodvessels. Ad. ♀ 16 grms., 1 emb. C-R 27 (weighing 3.3 grms, forearm (8) = ♀ 1924CBK ↑ [auto number] [illegible] a ploc.]? Ad. ♂ 10 grms., forearm 35 1/2, testis 4 1/2 x 4, scrotal segment = ♂ 1925CBK Carollia perspicillata 3x as numerous in this cave, also breeding. 1 May 1957 Many imm. in two horizontal metal pipes 10' diam. tunnels at Core Drilling warehouse, but only about 1/10 of Carollia population. Data on captured: ♀ Imm. frm. 37, 10 grms. ♂ Imm. frm. 36, 10 grms, testis 2 mm. ♀ Imm. frm. 35, 7 1/2 grs. ♀ Imm. frm. 36, 9 grs. ♀ Imm. frm. 34, 7grms. Probably adults too active for capture, these taken hanging overhead or sides of O tunnel. 2 May 1957 Chilibrillo Caves, Panama Fairly common scattered in caves near Carollia perspicillata
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C. Koford 1957 2 Glossophaga soricina 2 May 1957 Chilibritto Caves, Panama and in low ceiled part cave (where old looking elevator) it was most common bat. Have seen carrying young though many appeared to be juveniles. About 300 seen in all.
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C. Koford 1957 Lonchornia aurita 17 April 1957 2 mi. N. Summit, Canal Zone about 300 in horizontal shafts tunnel of old termel, with 500 Carallia perspic. (which see) and Diris (few). Some freshly born young, ad. ♂♂ present. Discarded following: ♂ 22 gm., frw. 52, testes 4 x 3 (tiny) juvs.: ♂ 3 1/2 gm. fw. 18 - with umbilical cord attached. (removed for weighing) ♂ 4 1/2 gm. fw. 22 - with umb. cord + bloody placenta ♂ 4 1/2 fm. 25 - no cord or prom. recent scars. ♂ 3 1/2 - 21 - with cord. Kept ♂ and ♀♀ for specimens (cat. nos. ). There lots in deepest part 100' long tunnel, on ceiling, packed in solid mass. Disturbed, living in similar mass of about 2' x 5' on ceiling another part tunnel. Nose leaf especially prominent in young (large proportionately). Kept many parasitic flies (nos. 5004; to Ernest E. Therman, Univ. Md.).
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Koford 1952 Catalog Not numbered, but follows 10 under cut palm leaves (1151-1153) Nov. 13 Summit Experimental Gardens, Canal Zone 1151 ♂ T. 5mm. Uroderma bilobatum 59-0-12-16 16gm. 1152 ♂ T. 5 skeleton " " 60-0-12-17 16 gm. 1153 ♂ T. 5 " " 59-0-11-16 15 gm. Nov. 14 Juan Mina Station, Canal Zone 1154 ♀ non-br. Corollia perspicillatus 65-8-15-20 20 gm. 1155 ♂ T. 6mm. nip. tiny " " 69-8-14-19 20 gm. 1156 ♀ ov. with 1mm. foll. " 68-8-15-19 18 gm. 1157 ♂ T. 6 1 emb. 50mm. (total 1.) " 74-9-14-20 19 gm. 1158 ♀ (35 CR) Phyllostomus hastatus 133-19-23-33 115 gm. K? 1159 ♂ T. 7mm. " " 140-20-26-34 140 gm. 1154-59 in hollow tree ? 1160 ♂ im. Molossus bondae? perous 103-40-9-17 15 gm. 1161 ♀(nip. elong.) Dirias albiventer nip. short but conspicuous 88-18-17-21 25 gm. 1162 ♀ ut. and ov. look ad. nip, uterus, " 85-17-18-21 22 gm. 1163 ♀ ovaries small skeleton " " 89-17-17-22 22 gm. n 1164 ♀(slightly larger) testis 6x4 " " 82-17-17-20 21 gm. 1165 ♂ protruding to outside " 93-21-18-22 32 gm. 1166 ♂ T. 4mm. " " 87-18-17-21 26 gm. 1160-66, also 1171, in attic 1167 shot over river 1167 ♂ T. 4 mm. Dirias " 88-18-18-22 28 gm. under leaves of Nov. 15 1168-70 in vacant house 1172-73 coconut palm 1168 ♂ T. 5 mm. Corollia perspicillatus 73-8-14-20 19 gm. 1169 ♂ T. 6 " " 74-10-15-22 17 gm. 1170 ♂ T. 5 " " 70-10-15-21 17 gm. 1171 ♂ im. Molossus bondae? 104-38-11-15 18 gm. 1172 ♀ no emb. Uroderma bilobatum 62-0-12-18 20 gm. 1173 ♀ " " " 65-0-12-18 21 gm. —End trip—
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C. Koford Micronycteris microtis megalotis January 12, 1957 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone David McRoberts + wife Ann caught 5 (with 3 Accopting) lilicata) inside old house at Tower in daytime. I banded & released 2. ♂ 58-815 15, forearm 35, rostrile taster; ♀ ....... 16, forearm 34, nipple hair -- and yellow, no pig- ment vulva lips, no repro activity evident. Another ♀ (speci men by McRoberts) similar with no internal sexual activ- ity evident. I previously took this species in Sentry Box es at French Lock. 16 January 1957. Two in empty tin box, about 16x18x20" siz., on floor of Town House. Disturbed, hung from ridge ceiling. 3 Accopting also in this house. 1 May 1957 about 10 a.m. I saw a cluster of 5 ♀ inside this house clinging to peak & ceiling. 4 May 1957. Saw same again, same pt. of ceiling. 24 April 1957 I took two from hollow log near Pacora, Panama. Specimens ♀ 1935, ♀ 1939 CBSK. One with 2 gms. juv. clinging on.
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[illegible] no 1/2 m / peps under med pers 1863t.I. lovfald!
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Koford Molossus coibensis October 23, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. At 5:30 p.m. I strung a mist net 30' long & 6 ft. high over grass at E. side of New Lab. Bats heard in conjugated aluminum roof. At 6:05 first bat in net, then others. About 10 extracted by 6:35 p.m. I made skins of a ? & ♀ (1820, 1921 C.B.K.), wts. of 5♀♀ 11-18½ gms. (2 were 12 gms.). Wts. 8♂♂ 17-19 gms., 4 being 18 or +. Two still alive 4 p.m. Oct. 24 tho were in refrig. all night (? & ?). The 13 bats taken by 8:30 p.m. Last night. Net visited at 2:30 a.m. & 6 a.m. but no more bats. Put up 3 of these. Mystics under conjugated aluminum roof just inside alley same building (New Lab). December 23, 1956. I strung net near W. side of New Lab & took several. One injured by another in fog & so killed. Black backs, forearm 35, ♀ with nipple slightly segmented & concentrically (1 mm. wide), 14 gms., measure- ed 95-32-7-13; adult. Others brown & apparently imm. One 10 gms., forearm 33½. Banded ♀, forearm 34½, no. 58-81506. Another, forearm 34½, 58-81505. .... 504, forearm 34. # 503, forearm 35. --- 502, forearm 34. All♀♀, banded L.wing, #1 bwd; nipple trigs not segmented. Apparently from under conjugated aluminum of roof. January 3, 1957. One netted next to Alice Creek House in evening. Examined, banded, released.
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e Koford 2 Myotis nigricans November 6, 1956 Frijolos Canal Zone Found in crack of rafters in Frijolos boat landing bldg. November 19, 1956. Saw one feeding under & near shed of boats, Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone another hanging on raftin, in mid afternoon. Rhynchomus were in same shed but hard hung more proper, while M.n.n. hung against raftin. roof M.n.n. Myotis also likes corners between save, 2x4 raftin, & wall on kitchen bldging, & sometimes on S E side of Hoskins Bldg.; often on Kodak Bldg. December 5, 1956. Banded a few from attri of 1952 Lab. # 24-465 24 ? nip. slightly swollen - 25 nip. elongated but flat & flaccid - 26 nip turgid and short. 27 of forearm 22 also some ?? including 5 min.- atures (forearm about 21-30) banded same place. Forearm measurements 22, 22, 21, 24, 30 or ? 24-465 27 to 31 resp. December 23, 1956. Netted & banded ?, nipple slightly elm- gated, forearm 3 1/2; no. 24-46501; W. end of 1952 Lab. 24 February 1957 Found naked young, 40 mm. total length, on ground near 1952 Lab., alive. Gamboa Canal Zone 1 May 1957 Saw 12 ?? on sides 2"x H=10" rafters of corrug- ated iron roof, inside warehouse of Core Drilling section near golf club. Retest under corrugation of iron. Knocked down with a pole or jav., forearm 24, wt. 3 grms., one of ad., fore: 34, 4 1/2 grs., testis 4 x 2 mm.
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C. Koford (Bat Banding.) Myotis n. nigricans October 31, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., Qual Zone Under roof New Laboratory. Under congestions in aluminum roof, inside and lower under screen and on out- side of screen of louver, few -> many inside x-sect. louvre Most had 1 or 2 parasitic flies. These would hold tight, unnumbered disturbed. Eventually into hand & caught. Pre- served several in alcohol (+ 2 meters?). Used #0 bands, right forearm males, left females. Band No: 24-46501 -> forearm 31 long - immature 02 ov " 33 1/2 " 03 ♀ 35 ad. 04 ♀ 34 ad. 05 ♀ 33 Both nipples enlarged. 06 ♀ 35 " " " 07 ♀ 35 08 ♀ 33 Immature 09 ♀ 34 Much lacteal tissue; lact.? 10 ov 15 about 1 gram. Nearly naked, black, 11 ov 32 imm. 12 ♀ 35 Nips only; red dope put on band. 13 ♀ 36 1/2 Nips enl. 24-46514 ♀ 34 1/2 Nips enl. Last evening saw 3 hairless young together on lid of old butter can in attic above kitchen. || Examined ♀, 4 1/2 grams, forearm 33 mm. Nips 1 mm. long, flattened. No milk. Ovaries pale orange; no swollen follicles; no uterine scars. Ut. horns fligid & translucent white.
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C. Koford 1957 Noctilio labialis minor December 5, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., GnoI Zone About 7:50 p.m. are caught in mist net 20' uphill (3.) of lower pumpkins near Balboa - Lothrop O, ?, rippler lying in naked areas 3 mm. drain. Specimen #1875 CBK. 40' up- slope from creek (clear, 6' wide), over open grassy slope.
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C. Koford 1957 Pteronotus suarensis S. 2 May 1957 Chilibrillo Caves Panama about 20' above level of creek bed in cave, in a side chamber, the ceiling was thick with 300 (or 1000) of these, tight packed, some red furred and some dull brown. I shot a dozen with one shot shell of .22 caliber. Put up some specimens, C. Handley (U.S.N.M.) did others. When light shined on groups they swayed back & forth, wave like, over squealing. I collected a few flies from specimens for Ernestine Thurman (Univ. Md.). Specimens 1943, 1944, 1945, 1953.
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Koford 1 Saccopteryx bilineata bat-VT August 21, 1956 B.C. Island, Canal Zone Between buttermess on big tree on East Van Tyne trail saw about 40 total, 30 being in one area on S side tree (in spike ladder). (Aug. 18 saw about 35 in same sector of tree.) took Toth flash photographs of bats on trunk: Two white dorsal stripes. September 8, 1956 about 40 in same sector of trunk, about 8 on SE side trunk. Moderately active & alert. Two white stripes on back (Saccopteryx bilineata ?). October 2, 1956 Saw about 4 on big tree on AMA (second tree on trail). Sept. 29 and Sept. 22. Today usual number on big tree on East Van Tyne trail, about 30 on S side, 8 on SE, 4 on N. August 22, 1956 Took photos of group between butter- esses on Big Tree on Van Tyne trail (3 1/4 x 4 1/4). About 40 bats. November 3, 1956 Netted #71828. At least 25 on tree be- tween buttermess. I saw one with band on wing (sent by Hall group ?). October 31, 1956 Always half a dozen or well under leaves of east end of SE wall of old Batch office. Odd somewhat Tadarida-like. November 2, 1956 There are about 6 or seven under leaves on S side of ZMA house today as usual. When she perched on vertical wall tail up as well as nose [?] . 1/ hour 3 hanging 3 +/- apart on rafters over boats under sheet metal roof. 1/2 hr evening saw a bandslave on S side by Noshins Bldg. + (netted it). #58-81501, O7, testes protruding. Released. Took some on SE side old Batch office Nov. 12, 1956, 4 released.
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C. Koford 2 Saccopteryx bilineata November 22, 1956 About 8 p.m. metted a ♀ on old Zebra office. At death being banded. wt 8 grms., testes 4+ 2 ½, internal. November 28, 1956. Four batless are pair of batlesses of Bombrocopis near east AVA 8. December 11, 1956. About 7:15 a.m. at Big Tree on Van Tyne trail but saw more at battern site when sunshy 30±, though 3♂ on opposite side of tree. None on AVA Big Tree #2 either. Lesser now gone from these trees & skies clear much of time - may light 28 don't roost between there batlesses? December 22, 1956. Many on the SVT Big Tree. 3 on N. side, 13 on SE, 16 on S. The N. side was always low, within 10' of ground level. January 3, 1957. One taken in mist net near Alice Cr. House evening. Banded & released. January 5, 1957. About 6 seen inside Tower House, + 1 of an other species (= Meionycteris ?). January 10, 1957. Took one from trunk fig no. DC ½, 4 5 from trunk of Big Tree on Van Tyne trail, about 40 m tree of this tree, seek in dark rocks only 6 ft. above ground. Two ♀♀ examined + found to have no sinuses swelling in testes, but vulva slightly pigmented. About 4 hrs. after taken, I banded and released 2♀♀ and 2♂♂ at 1952 Lab. (Bards 58-81509 ♀, 6 grms., forearm 47), ... 10♂, 7 grms., forearm 47, "11♀;" 12♂. 100± Phalotomus flies seen between batlesses below where bats roosted; & many collected by Ernestine Thurman. January 12, 1957. All in house at Tower taken (3) with 5 Meios-mysteries. Two banded & released at Lab. (58-81513 ♀, nipples
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C. Koford 3 Saccopteryx bilineata 12 January 1957 Barro Colorado Is, Canal Zone 1 wide x 2 long, pigmented tip, forearm 47), 38-815/4, ♀ /some but forearm 46. //♂ caught another ♀, nipples similar ♂, vulva pigmented moderately. Had 50+ red cliggins underwing surfac+t their cluster at base tail dorsal; 20+ yellow cliggins inside ear. Saved in ROH. Wt. 6 gms, forearm 47. Head uterus not swollen no apparent reprod. activity. Nipples ½ wide x 1 long, block tip. // 15 January 1957. I saw about 30 on trunk of Big Tree on Van Tyme trail, but none landed. 16 January 1957 at least 2 or outside of screen of Betela House at end JZ tail (JZ 24). Three in Tower bany, with 2 micro- mysteria (in tin box on floor. None landed. 7 February 1957 I saw 2 in house at Town. 16 March 1957 Actual 40+ bats on trunk of big tree on Van Tyme trail. 1 April 31 March 1957 One ♀ in net at BLO in morning. 8½ gms. Niprs pigmented, 1 wide x ½ high. Vulva slight pigment. 1 emb. C-R 13 mm. No ectoparasites. 24 April 1957 [La Jagua Club] 4 s.I.E. Pacora, Panamá Caught 3 and saw several others in cavities among fig vines growing on Dose tree. Also saw 4+ about 6 between buttresses another tree. Two or three flew down & entered cavity, then smoked out. This tree 100 yds. 5 w (?) of clubhouse. Claimed those captured. ♀ forearm 47, 1 emb. 27 mm C-R. ♀, forearm 48, C-R 24 mm. ♂, forearm 45, testis 3 x 1½. ♀, nip block, 3 mm. long, forearm 47, 1 emb. C-R 23 mm. Gamboa, Ci.Z. 1 May 1957 In evening took one in net about 8 p.m. at edge law near house 0277.
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C. Koford 1957 Saccopteryx bilineata 2 May 1957 Chilibrillo Caves, Panama I captured one in hand net several yards inside entrance to cave. 7 May 1957 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. About 10 one site and 25 another between butresses of Big Tree near JVT 4. None landed & no pairs seen. One hanging behind old Zetah office recently. 11 June 1957 I saw 9 juveniles gliding, each clinging to an adult, on trunk of the Big Tree on Van Tyne Trail. Evidently restricted breeding season as have watched for young since last summer.
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C. Koford 1957 Uroderma bilobatum January 3, 1957. Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone Have taken some (specimens in catalog) in clearing Mr. Chapman House // This morning evening took me in must net near S.M. I. Forearm 43, ut. 20 gms.; measurements 63-0-16-14. Slight pigment vulva. Nips slightly enlarged; turgid, 2x2 mm., + specks pigment. Pregnant; 1 emb. 11/2 C-R. // Another taken at S.M. I in net in evening also pregnant; 1 emb. 20mm. C-R. Bat wt 20 gms. after died in cage p.m. of Jan. 4. Forearm 43. Vulva lips pigmented. Nips turgid, 1 1/2 x 1 1/2, not pigmented, sparse fur adjacent to nipple. Fur gray tinted from lateral abdomen. Another ♀, netted Mr. Allee House. Forearm 43, wt. 18. Graython prov- 66-0-10-18. can area (brown). Measured 65-0-10-14. Nipples turgid, round tipped, 2x2 mm., not pigmented, sparse hair around nipples. 10 1 emb., 10 1/2 mm. C-R. Row. 1.9 long & bright orange color. Are those at Summit Gardens pregnant ? January 9, 1957 In talipot palms at Summit Gardens & took about 5 ♀♀ from cluster of 15 ±. Appeared pregnant. Some roosting singly. ♀ took me - or with enlarged testes. ♀♀ together & or ?? single ?. Way lots; not easy to take in net. Butterfly Some had mites on wing membranes, & one fly seen on one. ♂ wt. 16, forearm 43, tes. 7 1/2 x5, no apparent sperm; epid: tubules visible st. 7x9 magnif. / One ♀ wt. 22 forearm 44 preg- nant, 1 emb C-R 14, lgst., ov. 3x2 mm., pale orange. Four other♀♀ 16-18 gms., embs. C-R 11,13,17, + 8, 11,13, 4/6 mm.; nips 2 mm. wide; turgid, ∧, yellowish, no nick; lips vulva & anus dark gray. 29 January 1957 One flew into lawn floor room of Chapman House in evening before 10 p.m. ♀, 20 gms., voy. perf., moderate
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C. Koford 2 Uroderma bilobatum 29 January 1957 Barro Colorado Is, Canal Zone segment lips vulva; nips. 2 x 2 mm, laterally flat A, no milk in nipples (clear fluid expressed); emb. C-R 23 (a 87). 5 April 1957 at Summit for Gardens took a 87 + q from talipot palm for sample. q lactating; nipple 4 long x 3 wide, black; + squeezed droplet milk from; much lactal tissue; no emb. and ovaris and uterus normal sized. Vulva pigmented. wt. 19 gms, forearm 41 long. | Took a 87, 16 gms, forearm 42, testis 6 x 4 mm, 87 alive, q with grouse.
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Mammals - General 7 February 1957 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone after about 2 weeks here Robert Enders believes that the population of large carnivores (except coatis) is very low, judged by tracks & scats mainly. He thinks this due to hunters mainly. To Portobelo, Colon, Panama- 9 February 1957 With Col. Selodell and others, Sue & I went to Portobelo for the day (in army LCM from Colm). In room of old fort I saw about 6 bats & captured 2. In a coco palm about 10 which escaped. About 6 small leaf-nosed bats (= Micronycteris?) in small arm of a cave in side of highest part of fort. 12 April 1954 4 mi. E. 1 mi. S. Pacora, Panama. In driving w man named Bardeles shot 6 capybaras. Estimated into: 3 young 18 lbs. apiece, 3 large 45 to 60lbs. The 3 large weighed 91 lbs. together when skinned & dressed. This info from "log" of La Jagua Gun Club, entry signed by Karl P. Curtis. 24 April 1954 same [La Jagua Gun Club], Panama Visited club with Karl Curtis. Savannas, patcher open forest, & low swampy ground. Set 20 snare & set traps in light forest near clubhouse. Saw many bats in evening & shot a Phyllostomus. Took Chironectis from log & Sorexptyyx from tree. Muletas (Sylvilagus) said to be here, but I went out for an hour at night and saw none. 25 April 1957 Troops held 2 Mygodontamys & Maximoz, and 1 Oryzomys.
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C. Koford 1956 Birds - general - Panama Barro Colorado, Is. CZBA, Canal Zone July 10, 1956 (Tues.) Engen Eisenmann of New York has since Friday. Not a full bibliography or many notes on Panam birds, at N.Y. In a tell the west of New Lab we saw open solar using nests (5 there in 1 group, at least 2 seen used). In same tree I saw 3 purple fruit crow - Eisenmann says little known of them tho rather common here. On lake many block trees on stumps protruding above water. On way at Frijoles so many martins, some grey-breasted and some of a S. amer. species, vide Eisenmann. August 15, 1956. Mrs. Carson (wife Dr.H. C. U. Bema.) with found a nest with 2 fresh eggs about 1 ft. above ground in dark forest near a log on Shannon trail (about 1/2). Eggs pinlike, brown cloudy markings 1 end. Probably bird. It ran along ground; dark or dusk. She said it had blue ring around eye when first seen. August 22, 1956. The commonest call in the forest is still the ant-shrike. Many heard as every walk in forest. (Thamnophilus punctatus) September 4, 1956 Groups of as many or 4 in Cerojice or Manee or other trees at edge Main Old Lab Clearing. September 16, 1956. On 27 Aug. 28 there was a dove, large, orange eye, on flat stick nest 8' above ground & halfway out branch of a retired tree near point of clearing NE of Old Lab. Today nest thin + no doves there. A large deep gray duck, white or tips tail feathers (cut laterals over mainly) seen several times in clearing near Old Lab - but yesterday.
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Koford 2 Birds - general September 16, 1956. Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone. The mango tree near Snyder Molino 1/2 mi in mud creek lay birds - toucans, ant birds, woodpeckers, & this afternoon a crested guan. Mango berries ripe + falling. // Yesterday I put out 3 "Humming bird" feeders - plaster bowls with sugar water inside. These at various points near buildings in main clearing. Now seen at feeders this morning but at Isertia (in bloom E side Old Lab) saw one black with green throat feeding or fly in tubular yellow flowers. Few flowers now in clearing area. Planted some Heliconia and shrubs & cuttings from vicinity. // Blue-gray swallow with white rumps on log stubs a few inches above water in lake. // Saw 5t large irridescent Cretophaga more[illegible] in broadleaf large shrub at edge water 100 yds, NE of germina house. September 22, 1956 Gamboa, C. Z. about 6 a.m. saw about 50 in Amazons in scrunching flock going east on lower slope of Bamboo hill. Largest such flock yet seen here. Usually only 2 to 6. // Bar Town on trail saw a juvenile woodcreeper, apparently too young to fly. Adult came to 6' of young. Both called in same manner. Straight bill, buff streaks on head & ventral parts, rather uniform brown over rest of bird; thick sized. Feather sheaths visible in tail. Whitish cell of several rapid meter. October 14, 1956. Saw a righthand bigh seen clearing at 6 a.m. & 100+ swallowes milling over sloping buildings to 7 a.m. October 5 1956 Near Molino Weze Canal Zone. Saw several groups of 30+ tanbers, apparently Buteos, with long tails, some with transverse bands, circling. (Not Swainsons).
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C Koford 1956 Birds - general October 23, 1956 Canal Zone Conductor train said he saw many hawks near Diablo Heights about 10 days ago. Once he saw great numbers near Balio, upper vently coming from north Barro Colorado I.s., C.Z. October 24, 1956 Left mist met up where set for date last over. During day took a Myiostetes similar size & an item. Sporophila Banded then & released. Sun day a Pipia montoli got in Chapman House & flew against screen or torquet (7/1819). Small yellowish bride, apparently wandering, seen on shrubs & cufivists among plants seen near buildings today Saw one with metallic new-black back, head & neck black front + breast brilliant yellow. Another olive yellow with diffuse gray at tip's wings & tail (dorsal). One yellowish with light line over eye. Canal Zone October 25, 1956 From Modden Waye to near Diablo Heights saw many hawks, apparently migrating east. Most seen over hills near Bailord Highway mile 4, near Paraiso. Saw about 1000 in one milling bunch near Pedro Miguel gun club; then several flocks of 100 to 200 to near Ft. Clayton, at least 2000 within 1/2 hour. Mostly Sevanius hawks, the dark head + throat + pale under wing coverts being apparent, tails rather long & square tipped, wings rather pointed. Perhaps some other birds too (dark beneath, or Butes s). Numbers of turkey vultures circled with the flocks of hawks. The big groups milled in columns 1000' or more tall, rising, then birds glided east. There seen about
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DC3 - Nov 3 - gray block wrap w. white sp. and link n beard?
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C. Koford 4 Birds - General October 25, 1956 Canal Zone 9:30 to 10 a.m. Overcast but not raining. October 30, 1956 Saw Barva Glorado (S), Canal Zone area Saw about 2000 Cathartes in 20 minute from Frijola area to over various parts of BCD. Also 100+ Swainson hawks in or groups over BCD. Took plain - colored tan- golden-marked (orange), ager, palm tanager, yellow warbler, flycatcher, in net near mist SW corner Chapman House. Banded mostly released. October 31, 1956. Net up until 2 p.m. Took many plain-colored tanagers, and chestnut-sided warbler, there - a Bleuet Euphonia (specimen), green honeycreeper November 3, 1956. Two Notharcus macrohynchus in mist net, Chapman House, midday. Banded & released. Black tern still over Izatim Lake. Saw 2 Derdusia purplorevis on Von Tyne trail. November 6, 1956. Saw a Corcyzus americanus October in clearing, close, several times. At 8:30 p.m. a large brown woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus guttifer) seen & flushed from under leaves of S. side of old Batch Office. (Latin Banded) November 21, 1956 about 2 a.m. on nearly clear night with nearly full moon heard 3 kinds owls in area of beginning of Lutz and Dorato Trails. Apparent Pulsatrix woof's; a slurred soft but clean whistle G - A - G and perhaps descending, as heard one night earlier this month; a sub single explosive short bout of whistle quality, note D, occasionally followed by a similar bout about a note higher (like Bubo W.?) November 23, 1956. Again heard single strong hoot about 6 in early a.m. near start of Lutz trail.
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C Koford 5 Birds - General November 24, 1956 Barro Colorado Is. Gnal Zone Much rain yesterday. Devil caught in net this mornig, so of course restricted activity yesturday. Took a Phlaithomnis superciliosa in net at edge water tank just W. of new lab., & a Rupitilamnus at same time. Did not band P. supercil. as foot too small. November 28, 1956 Robert Cushman Murphy here Today. He saw black tern, laughing gull, and 30+ lesser scaups on Lester Lake in crossing from Frijoles. Many small birds in blooming Scheijzoldrum (yellow), including tiny hummingbird. Took a Damophila julie panamensis in mist net near Chapman House Nov. 29. This first flock of ducks seen this fall, the rite seen within last four weeks. December 8, 1956 On Big Tree or Von Tyne trail saw a large hawk with black & white bars on wings & tail, with crest of white feather tipped with black, presumably Spizaetus melanoleucus. Large parrots in flocks 40 seen over clearing. @Crossing from Frijoles saw black tern, and raft of 50+ ducks. December 13, 1956. Saw 20+ scaups in crossing to Frijoles. a Sterna Chlidonias niger and 3 Sterna heinei seen too. December 18, 1956. The hummingbird feeders continue to give no results. Two are located within 6 ft. of Isertia in front of 1924 Bldg., but hummingbird feeds only at the real flowers on the shore. This bush reproduces fine and has born flowers continuously since July 1 or earlier. December 23, 1956 Heard building call of Bardynichus and saw in a top bar Scheijzoldrum; first seen recently. December 29 1956. One a two birds today & day visitor during past few days (Bardynichus) - the deep bulbling calls. The
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C. Koford 1956 1957 Birds - General December 29 1956 Barro Colorado Is, Canal Zone Thamnophilus punctatus Cyanilaima [illegible] still commonly heard in forest and seen in deep forest (AVA trail). Saw a large owl with white marks around eyes near turn. Two Tityra feeding on [illegible] shrub fruits 50yds. W. of Test Toll Bldg. January 2, 1957. Crossing Frijoles to B.C. Is. saw 40+ [illegible] incl. females & some with white in front eyes (blue winged teal?). 1957 21-26 January 1956 In mist nets nr. Chapman House and 1952 Lol - I took 2 Florisuga, 1 Damophila, and 2 Tbeluanaia hummingbirds. Tried to keep in cages but all died within 3 hours. I put pills into sugar-water feeder to show bird was. One was put in large screened room, others in 1 ft. square wire cages. Testers all 2 1/2 mm. (2 mm. Damophila) in drain, & all 5 were [illegible]. leemmen 31 January 1957 ♀ taken 8 a.m. died in captivity in room. Lgst., ovum: 8mm., drain: 3 yellow carpaea lutea. looked like Amazila but still blue tail. Possible broad potato- mite in stomach. 4 February 1957 With Ernest Greenwalt & Mr. & Mrs. Redman Ward, Sue & I went by PC Launch "Runna" to Rebecca Is. in Pearl Island group. Hundreds of Fregata nesting in shrubs on rocky step shore. We took many photos. One group of about 60 white egrets in shrub trees 100 yds. up steep slope. Boobies flying nearby, & a few hundred pelicans perched, swimming, or flying. Large boulder shore with clear water, many snails & snails - a beautiful coast. (some) line. Fregate birds could be approached to 5 yds. without leaving nest. A few with blown up snail [illegible]. The
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C. Koford 1957 Birds - General 4 February 1957 Pacheca Is, Pearl Islands, Panama made deep rattle in bladder at times. Opposite side of Pacheca had mostly gently sloping sandy beach. Adjacent rocky Pachequilla had many boobies & pelicans perched, but no nesting evident near. This island had much Boobys but also spring coster, & general aspect was very dry. Perhaps no water on islands. On south we saw large gray bottle-nosed porpoise about 6 x 4', a large manta-type ray which kept clear of water again & again. Royal terns occasional, & 2 or 3 petrels seen. Many laughing gulls. The trip from Mire Dock at F.T. Amador required 3 1/4 hrs. each way, mostly into wind on return trips. We caught 2 jack about 2' long near Pachequilla. Colón to Portobelo Colón, Panama 9 February 1957 Leaving Colón to Portobelo in early morning I saw few sea birds - a few terns & perhaps 2 apparent procellariforms. Large swells, & windy. At Portobelo bay cold caged suff- nions (thick-lilled). // We found two nearly fledged carag-ops Baldc vultures in a cave at side of high part fort. Cave 8' high x 10' wide, & birds reticled into arm 2' wide x 4 ' deep. No regurgitation noted, but hessed. Down dark pastly gray. Kosen took photos, & I took a Kodachrome of site. 26 February 1957 On 9-12 a.m. walk saw 3 pairs of large woodpeckers (Dryocopus and Phloeocoestes), near WMW 4, WMW 10, and WMW 13. 19 March 1957 There is a nest of blue gray tanager in small tree near SW corner of ZMA house. Apparently a nest of palm tanagers with young in bloch palm at NW corner of
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C. Koford Birds - General 19 March 1957 Chapman House. Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone 23 March 1957 at WMW 14¼ a mealy parrot in the anttrail eating 2" long green fruit (almond-like bush, filsome range within, sticky juice). 26 March 1957 I saw a flock of approx. 100 hawks going over top of island heading NW. These pale underneath with possible dark band across end of tail. Broad-winged? About 50 Swainson hawks seen in another flock. A hot smokey day. 23 March 1957 Near Frijoles I saw two juvenile Jocoras with adult. Young were adult sized. Jocoras also common on Chagres River at NW side of mouth. [illegible] =Old Chichi House 3D March 1957 In evenings an owl called to N. of Alice House, aa ooo' aao'; hoots last one second with one second between. Sharp accent on second syllable. 2 April 1957. This call said by Alexander Wetmore to be Cicada nigrolineatus. I heard it again near Chapman House in early a.m. of 3 April. 3 April 1957 Alexander Wetmore said he saw a wood thrush near clearing. Last evening we saw a swift he called a taro Panyptila. In going around island we saw large reefs - breasted knife fish and bluefish on bank at tip Irose Pt. One flew into hole in bank. In Fuentes Estero there were new nests in shrubs in water, for 10+ yds. from shore. Wetmore said they were of Myzetetes. 6 April 1957 a dove nest (large doves) with nearly fledged young in tree 100+yds. from shore near N. end of Dacked Is. I took 35 mm. calm slide. Nest of twigs, 6' above water level on horizontal base of branch.
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eKoford 3 Birds - General 7 April 1957 Orchid Is., Gatun Lake, C.Z. On side of island toward Cross Pt. heard Gould's manaki, saw display, and a counting ground 3' x 2' cleared in leaves. A firecrown - the shape given as bird darts from one perch to another, + a Bronx - chow type of vibrating sound made with raised wings flopping fast. Chin feathers protrude outward beard-like. Displays seen 1' to 6' above ground in dark forest 150 ft. from edge lake. 20 April 1957 Near same site saw counting ground, still perfectly cleared to bare soil, + one Gould's m. 100' away. 3 May 1957 Tavi parakeets now in flocks of 10+, some- times in balsa (or seed) near Chapman House. Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. 5 May 1957. Went up Chagres from Gamboa to Juan Mina. Saw 30+ Tavi parakeets in mango tree at Juan Mina. See Species Accounts
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C. Koford 1956 Tinamidae Tinamus major October 24, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. Heard calling 6:25 a.m., & at 5:55 last evening from Chapman House. November 13, 1956 In area NE of Plantation Point, first evening calls heard 5:45 p.m. Nearly always heard in evening in area 100 yds. SW of Chapman House. November 27, 1956 About 4 p.m. saw one walking up slope about 50 yds. into forest SSE of Chapman House. November 28, 1956 Heard me about 50 yds. S of SM 1/2 in evening, another perhaps 1/4 mi. N of it. Saw one on trail near wheelin 15 about 11:15 a.m. December 11, 1956 In vicinity 525 heard several Tinamus during our cast day. Usually near Sol heard only 5:45 to 6 p.m. and about 6:30 a.m. January 4, 1957 Heard at 2 p.m. in forest N of mouth of Allie Creek. At night heard calling at 10 p.m. (also previous eve) from Chapman House. (Also heard 1 a.m. Jan 5). January 5, 1957 Saw 1 walk across trail at AVA 5 11 a.m. 23 March 1957 Ricky Hartmann brought in two brown-blue eggs. These he found close to base of tree, between butternut T B 3 (about 50 yds. N of fig tree). Apparently no nest structure. Teeth or claw marks penetrated eggs from outside. Apparently fresh eggs destroyed by someone. 27 March 1957 Last night I heard calling at least 4 separate times near clearing to the N & S of Chapman House. 20 April 1957 Flushed one from ground next to creek bed at AH Corner 2.
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c. Koford 1957 2 Tinamus major 7 May 1957 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. at 11 a.m. one flew away from near tree 20' from Davato trail about 4:7. Then another left the spot, running in low-squirming fashion. At base of tree between buttresses was a single greenish-blue egg almost hidden by dry leaves. No nest structure. About 2:20 p.m. I returned & photographed the site. Saw no tinamous, but 6' from nest was a snake about 6 feet long. (Body mostly black with yellow areas. Ventrally bright yellow including head. Head pointed, d.v.: flat, black above, yellow below.)
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C. Koford 1957 Anhingidae Anhinga anhinga 6 February 1957 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone I saw one in Fuertes Estero about halfway in inlet, perched atop shrub in water, & another near mouth of next inlet to W. 22 February 1957 I saw one near NW end of New Plantation Pt. 12 March 1957 I saw one perched in inlet N. off Slothie 5 May 1957 Chagres River, C.Z. Leaving Gamboa to Juan Mer'a saw about 5, singly, perched on branches near water. Two jumped into water & dove out of sight.
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C. Koford 1956 Cathartidae Cathartes aura October 30, 1956 Barro Colorado (b.) Canal Zone Fresh feeling morning with dry 4/10 cumulus altostratus. Saw part migratory flight of vultures. About 70 over Frijoles area, but gliding there from milling groups over B.C.D. about 2000 seen in 10 minute period 8:15-8:25 a.m. A few bowls with some sun B.C.D. 24 January 1957 at least 2 flew up from near roost of a coati put out yesterday afternoon (killed then) and perched 20' up in nearby trees in mature forest near AVA 12. 24 February 1957 Dr. A. Wetmore saw large numbers apparently migrating near Panama City. 1 March 1957 About 8:30 a.m. I saw about 50 flying NW from near Summit Gardens, and about 50 perched in various trees (12 in single tree) in the gardens. Other large groups seen between Summit + Pedro Miguel. 3 April 1957 A. Wetmore thinks he can distinguish resident (yellow bands across hindneck + rhomboidal area on crown) from migrant race. He says he has material for revision of Cathartes.
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C K o f o r d Buteo swainsoni October 25, 1956 Canal Zone More than 1000. About 2000 seen within ½ hour between Medder Wye and Ft. Clayton. Circling in milling flocks of 100 or several hundred, then gliding to rest (see Birdy Journal, p.3) October 30, 1956 Many turkey meltees over Barco Colocks Dr. today. One separate group mainly Swainson hawks, about 100 milling.
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Koford Falconidae Daptrius americanus October 21, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C. Z. About 3:30 p.m. heard loud hoarse parrot-like squawk to N. of 1924 Rdgy, Later it moved to 75 yds. NW of New Lob & I had good view. Called often, sometimes 3 squawks in succession, very loud. Black breast + white belly. Red around bill: November 13, 1956 about 8:30 a.m. heard much calling & saw 2 stop large tree 75 yds. NW of New Lob. 16 January 1957 at AVA 8 ½, east side trail, two screaming loudly at me below, first an apparent ♀, then a ♂ 100' distant and lower, about 40 ft. upched. Screams like Celus or parrot, go again and again, for 5 min.t. 19 January found fledgling after- cranaphus near site. 23 January 1957 Near AVA 8 two screaming high in trees, apparently feeding on wasp nest. Nest on side of large branch 80 ft. up, shaped , about 6 ft. long. One cara- cara hung to trunk and attached nest with bill, hooking off pieces. The raucous calls & fast flight seem reminicent of large parrot. Bocanegra says this kind of wasp has "siete casas." 12 February 1957 Near AVA trail about 6 saw 2 calling loudly 50 ft. up in trees. They seemed to scream at people below them. 20 April 1957 Heard one calling near JZ 2, About 7 days ago heard & saw me same place.
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C. Koford 2 Penelope purpurascens December 22, 1956 Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone In evening one apparently chasing another (intuding or?) from Two 100 + 50 yds. East of Chapman House. Call a loud "queech" at rate 3 / second. Louder and hoarser when flying. January 6, 1957. Near TZ 7, Sue Koford saw 3 flying. The head calls. 16 January 1957. Mr. Deusing saw 2 fly across clearing near kitchen. 23 January 1957. I saw 2 fly across clearing NW to SE and land in trees near boat landing. 29 January 1957 Two flew N. across clearing near boat docks about 6:15 p.m. 7 February 1957 Headt saw one 200 yds. NW of 1952 Lab 4 p.m. 16 February 1957 about 6 p.m. two flew across clearing below Fireman's House, N. to S., landing in tall almocrobos on point, one about a minute after the other.
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[illegible] Elta f.3 - guide 40 - f 10 to 5 - good.
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C. Koford 1956 Accipitridae Leucopternis albicollis September 16, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. One circling 200 yds. NE of dock 11 a.m., 200' up. October 17, 1956 at 11 a.m. one perched in tree at edge clearing 50 yds. SW of New Lab. Took photos (3 1/4 x 4 1/4). Two Colours at edge clearing below were apparent attraction. Numb allowed approach by me to 100 ft. On a lower open branch of tree. January 3, 1957. J.E. Graf reported he saw 2 near Lab. I saw one gliding gliding near clearing Dec. 31, 1956. 15 January 1957. In afternoon I saw one carrying snake in flight above trees SW of 1924 Bldg. Going to nest? Snake dangling, perhaps 1 1/2 ft. long. 20 February 1957 I saw one circling to W. of 1952 Lab.
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Koford Pandionidae Pandion haliaetus October 20, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. At 4:20 p.m. I saw one perched on top of snag in lake about 300 yds. NE of Mother Lae. Usually comes onto perch in this tree. October 31, 1956 1:40 p.m. One perched on same snag. It flew carrying object (fish?) in claw (or claws). November 14, 1956. One perched in tree near Plantation Rd. about 5:30 p.m., dove into water, flew straight SE across inlet (carrying to nest?). November 28, 1956. Again saw one ¼ mile N. of 1924 Bldg. December 29, 1956. Saw one flying near Drayton House. January 10, 1957. Saw as flying over bay near Drayton House. 21 April 1957. Have seen none for weeks.
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Cracidae Penelope purpurascens cristata July 27, 1956 Barro Colorado Island and zone About 6:30 a.m. I saw 1 on lowest foraged branch of crown of tall tree 150 yds. NW of New Lab. It sat, walked & finally flew as another approached it along bank. Pair? November 3, 1956 Two seen on open branch of large tree just of Duveto 3 about noon. No calls heard. November 13, 1957. In evening at 5:45 p.m. saw 2 in top of 50' tall tree 200 yds. NE of Plantation Point. Lost north saw 2 one day now No calls heard. December 12 & 12, 1956. Two perched about 6:30 a.m. in trees 50 yds. SE of Chapman House, on same limb. One or two seen during day in trees SE of Barlow House. Two seen in trees seen 5/2 O to 4, together. December 13, 1956. In early a.m. about 6:30 two in balco SE of Chapman House. One calling, whistle sol-la; short, followed by low "rugh" or breez, about 1 sec. and long. Surly they flew across clearing to NW side of Test Table Bldg. // Often heard about 200 yds. SE of Chapman House. December 16, 1956. Two in Apandria 50 yds. E. of Barlow House, apparently eating fruit. Remained perched & sat thru native during rainstorm. | Saw one in balco by Chapman House. // The call followed by low bark heard in area W. of 1952 Laboratory. The frequency of sighting pairs & frequent vocalization may indicate mating activity. December 19, 1956. Two flew from NNW to SE of 1952 Bldg. & later were seen in Apandria 50 yds. from the Bldg.
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cKoford 1957 Jacana jacana 3 February 1957 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. I saw one in estero near end of WMU trail. Frijoles, C.Z. 6 February 1957 I saw about 4 flying near shoe about 200 yds. before reading landing at Frijoles (from BCI). Gamboa, C.Z. 20 April 1957 Common on water weeds at mouth of Chagres River just above Gamboa bridge. Juvs. conspicuous. There are some on water weeds near boat landing at Frijoles too. 5 May 1957 In trip up Chagres River from Gamboa to Jesus Mina, I saw about 100 swimmers in water.
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Okoford Strigidae Atheneetes. November 2, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. Although this not repeated for B.C.I. Near SMI about 9pm a small owl (Otus otis size) apparently plain neutral gray below seen on vine over trail after whistling call heard. Single call, tremulous - especially in last bell. Rise then falls in even slur + ↓⁹ e. Possibly brought close by imitating. Not heard before by me. Audible 200 meter away at Chapman House as descending whistle. Pursued up and seized. December 29, 1956. Flushed a large one, gray backed, near Town. It flew down trail to S. and perched. Narrow white lines around eyes. Flushed about 11:30 am. = Pulsatrix January 4, 1957. Heard in evening and early morning to W.of 1952 Lab (if the words sounded one). I also hear Heard same whistling call as Nov. 2, to N. of 1924 Belly. 17 April 1957 I saw one perched on branch in open underbrush near Lardavelle Mtns., 2 mi. N Summit, C.Z.
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Koford 1 strigidae Pulsatrix perspicillata July 19, 1956 BC Island, Canal Zone. Dawson about 15' above ground under leaf canopy in dark woods 100 yds NW of New Lbl. about 6:40 a.m. A Monster near giving mot-mot-mot (not what we hear woof-woof-woof heard too far from bird watcher.) and deep double like coo. No owl voice heard. October 6 (about), 1956. In evening heard call of 6 low notes, 3/sec., push-push-push, of quality of shaken large plywood sheet. Repeated again & again, 100 yds. W. of New Lbl- About a week before heard similar calls in evening 200 yds SE of Chapman House, followed by higher & softer answer of 5 notes, both repeated again & again. This time I thought it might be a large frog tood. Could be large owl. October 31, 1956 at 5 a.m. one of same calling W. of New Lbls, Like shaking wooden ward latch + fork November 21, 1956 2 to 3 a.m. One (?) calling repeatedly in vicinity of Davids Yr., apparently high in trees. Little musical quality. Like knocking 5 or 6 times on panel of wood door, last 2 or 3 knocks being gentler than first 3. 3/sec. December 5, 1956. Heard again 100 yds. NW of Test Table Bldg., about 6 a.m., with apparent answering call. January 4, 1957. Heard (wooden panel boote) in evening and early morning west of 1952 Lbl. 23 January 1957 Heard in early morning N. of Allen House. 19 January 1957 Saw 2 about 20 yds. left of AVA Trail near 9. Pitched 10' apart, 15' above ground, in lower branches trees. About 4 pellets containing brown & hair below push, suggesting previous use.
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C. Koford 2 Pulsatrix X 19 February 1957 Barro Colorado, Canal Zone. Moderate white specimen on ground. Perch branches about finger-sized. 23 February 1957 again heard the "door knocking" call to W. of 1952 loc. Nr. Sardanillo Mine, 2 mi. N. Summit C.Z. X 17 April 1957 One perched on limb 15' above ground rather tame. Probably landed after flushed from other site.
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Koford Apodidae chaetura? July 19, 1956 B.C. Island, Carol Zane about July 10 Eugene Oseman told me he saw unknown swifts over clearing. Tonight (in evening) I saw at least 5 about 150 feet up in area of New Lbl. October 23 1956 About 4 p.m. saw 2 swifts high over New Lbl. Appeared all black belows. Another seen over lake halfway to Frijole from B.C.I. Headquarters.
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C. Koford Trochilidae Thalurania furcata November 7, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone Have seen are many times at Centia flowers NE of 1424 Building, & at Malay apple flowers (red) 50 yds. NW of Kitchen (in October). Today took two 0-07 at different times in mist net near Bolsa tree SE of Chapman House. One died in bag in captivity (07/18 ). Other banded #205 on right tarsus & released. 23 January 1957 one taken in mist net near Bolsa next to Chap- man House. Put in room, & soon after found dead near screened window. 24 Jan took on in net W. of 1452 Lab. Placed in small cage & covered. An hour later died in cage. 30 January 1957 One taken in mist net & died in captivity after about an hour. 07, testes 3mm. diam.
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C. Kofori Caprimulgidae Unidentified December 1, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. about 100yds. behind Barlow Point House flushed far from trail. pale dusky lands near wingtips [illegible], about a week ago found a dark one with no white on wing dead in road near summit. Brown + black wattle wing, upper surf.
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C Koford Caprimulgidae Chordeiles sp. Nighthawk September 8, 1956 Barrs Colords Island, Canal Zone In evening I saw about 5 high over clearing near lab buildings; apparently feeding. Nr. Balboa, C.Z. Oct October 1, 1956. Saw about 5 in evening near Ft. Clayton.
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C.Koford 1 Cuculidae Coccyzus americanus November 6, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone. about 2 p.m. was pushed 2' to 3' above ground in shrub near Chapman House, then in shrub near 1924 Building, on rail down Daveto steps, + finally seen at edge lake near boat landing. Could be approached to 30'. Center tail feath- ers missing giving fork-tailed appearance.
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Koford Cuculidae Crotophaga ani October 23,1956 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. About 9 a.m. 5 in low shrubs 50yds. SE of New Lab.; calling much. Perhaps feeding on grubs in old log. Saw about same number in vicinity about Oct. 20, but not previously noted (since July 1 or earlier). October 30,1956 again saw about 5 near Angu Malino I. November 6,1956. Saw 4 new in trees near Allee stream below Bay's House. November 13,1956. About 5 in shrubs on Stothia Island at 3 p.m. December 22,1956. Heard mr. Chapman House Dec January 1,1957. Several on wires near Allee Creek below Bay's House. 15 January 1957 Saw 1 or 2 real twins during day, & heard, near Kitchen & Allee House. 24 January 1957 A few near Chapman House & 1952 Lab. 21 April 1957 Flush of 8+ near Donato O.
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C. Koford 1957 Thamnophis punctata 23 January 1957 Barro Colorado Is, C. Z. Nest found 50yds. Nof AVA 12, about 7' from trunk of 2' drain tree in 10' tall shrub, 1' from central stck or lateral branch. Woven of five loblack roots, hanging betwen fork of branches. About 3" drain & 3 deep. Bird flushed. A or seen 5 yds. distant. Two eggs in nest, apparently fresh. Pale buff with fine to coarse red-brown spots, especially toward end. Also seen & examined by Frank W. Preston. Bocanegra said a snake would get the eggs if we touched nest (by smell). Next day eggs gone, & I took nest). Nest had fieldgrown moss, chenille-like, inter woven, about 8' above ground. I have seen several similar old nests; this first w/ the eggs found by me (Boca found it). When eggs gone at 3 pm on 24 January 1957, the thin shrub appeared uninjured, so perhaps snake or bird took rather than mammal. 2 March 1957 Remains most commonly seen & heard bird in the forest.
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Koford Cotingidae Quercula porpurata July 10, 1956 Three seen in tall tree 50 yds. W. of New Lab. Eugene Cessmann thought probably nesting nearby. I saw one in watery red fruits tree 50 yds. N.E. of this tall tree. November 6, 1956. Rarely seen near New Lab last month or more. Today two, one red throated & other not, seen on SM about 4 (near strangler fig), 20 ft. up. Pair? December 1 (about), 1956. Saw 2, calling much, on AVA near Big Trees (AVA 6?). December 29, 1956. At AVA 7 saw 2 in Cecropia, feeding, apparently a fruit of flower. A Phloeocester melangulucus higher in same tree. Both men Caluatta Brand. January 5, 1957. Two calling at SM 6, at least 1 ot. 19 January 1957 Two calling near pineapple thicket 30 yds. E. of AVA 9, & seen. Apparently joy - like squawk and a pleasant whistling call. 13 February 1957 Some rain in night, & many calling about 8 a.m. after cleared. Arthur Fast saw one leave a nest high in foliated tree W. of 1952 Lab about 8:45 a.m. Later he saw several visits, as if adult feeding young. All visits apparently lay-the ot (deep purple throat). Mrs. Fast saw visits at 9:03, 9:09, 9:13, 9:25 She to tree into nest sudden or came. 9:27 ot to nest + star stayed 3 1/2 min. On edge as if looking in. None lay 10:00 who saw sun, nor any lay 11:30 a.m. 1:45 to 3:45 more came, Building nest? || During next few days Mr. Fast watched but never came at nest some more 14 February 1957 Fast arrived 8:01 and saw one land (??)
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C.Koford 1956 2 Querca purpurata 14 February 1957 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone leave nest. 8:27 1/2, ? to edge nest four times. 8:29, ? to edge nest momentarily. 8:40, becoming cloudy. Occasional rain. No further activity at nest by 11 a.m. 15 February 1957 Arthur Fast observed nest 6:35 to 7:05 a.m.; then 7:40 on, but no birds to nest. At 9:18 a.m. two apparent Quercus perched in tall tree near nest for 10 seconds. No activity at nest by 10:30 a.m. June 1957 Dr. S. Hughes-Schroederthaler nest in Cespia (?) near to Fuent's House has nest of this species. She saw fruit so crow eat cicadas.
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C. Koford 1956 Pipra mentalis JAN 27 1957 In morning W.E. Lowry saw ->4 2 apparent ff near SM trail near Z, to N. Humming + checking of Lills heard. A few days earlier Murl Denning heard & saw similar on TGP trail about 80y across from termite nest on palm trunk. 29 January 1957 I took one in mist net on. 5M1. Died in room in captivity, o7, testis 3 1/2 x 2 1/2 mm. Male Now (male 4) 31 January 1957 Mr. Paul Hawes reported seeing 3 on FEL about 5 p.m. today, displaying, rather tame. 17 March 1957 Mr. Hawes had often seen them again near same site, just beyond edge of a small clearing. He showed me three perches which were often used by the druids (o707). A single male was on one perch. He has photographed these birds in motion pictures recently. 26 March 1957 I saw one dancing side to side on 15' high branch near SM3. Ramsey John reported 4 o7 o7 at DF3, 1 on 27 March. 12 April 1957 Near TB1 I saw 2 males 50 yds. apart on horizontal open perches (3/8" drain.) 15' up, No leaves near perches. No courtship dancing - merely sitting. This is area where Mr. Hawes saw courtships. 21 April 1957 Near TB 1 1/2 saw 2 at one site and two more 30 yds. beyond, all male. Displaying on perches 15' above ground & making short whistling sound (electric spark like) and hummingbird-like sounding flight between perches. Two males on one perch 10" apart. One bird body bright red head low & sidesteppped toward other, which moved away. Repeated. One on perch ye was twice joined by 2. male sidesteped
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C. Koford 2 Pipra mentalis Barro Colorado (i.s. C.Z. 21 April 1957 Toward here with tail high & chin near perch, star quarter toward NW & left. Showed there to Bill Kasan, photographer, but he took no photos. Aboard about 9 a.m. About 3:30 I returned to site and saw 2 displaying in area. 27 April 1957 M.T.B.I saw 2 or 7 10" apart. One maddled quartering toward other, which retreated. About 4-4 a.s. in 100' distance along trail. Still courting & displaying, 31 January 1957 P.G. (Hines) notes. 3 sneaking; buzzing, dancing, & seeing special perches near T.B.I. Later or fourth board. 15 March 1957 all P.G. H. notes. all 4 still displaying. 21 March 1957 P.G. H. notes. Saw one of near SM 4, displaying (CBK also saw a few times here). 7 May 1957 I saw two 20 yards apart near T.B.I, males, on open perches 15 ft. ups. Due heard & saw them buzzing the upstitched wings, saw two males in "dance" on same kind. She says they call a high short note at two followed by a long note, possibly sliding downward and/or diminishing. 28 May 1957 Dues K. saw & heard them, at least 3, near T.B.I at same site as before.
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C. Koford Myiodynastes maculatus 19 March 1957 Barro Colorado Is, Canal Zone Nest of sticks on ledge of sealed square window under peak at N. end of Chapman House. Two birds seen perched there morning, but no apparent midday activity. 23 March 1957. None seen there subsequently. 20 April 1957. One bird seen sitting in nest as if incubating.
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Chford 1957 Terenotriccus erythrurus 25 February 1957 Barro Colorado Is, Canal Zone Notes of Paul D. Naus. Found nest with 2 white eggs. Nest ball-like, of tendrils, moss, rootlets, dead leaves, suspended by a stem of rootlets under overhanging branch of Allee Creek in very dark spot, directly beside clear pool. Nest 3½' above creek. Overall length 20". Entrance hole 1¾" diam.; could see birds' fasc in. 27 February 1957 P.D.N. notes. 3 eggs in nest. Bird flushed; rapidly flipped wings & tail every few sec. 16 March 1957 P.G.H. Eggs still unhatched 18 March 1957 P.G.H. Nest found pulled down, torn apart, left in water. No sign birds or eggshells (looted?);
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Koford Hirundinidae Iridoprocne albilinea October 23, 1956 Nte. Barre Colorado 13, C.Z. Saw two near Frijoles on a near stump sticking 10" out of water of lake.
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Koford 1956 1957 Icteridae Zarynchus wagleri July 10, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone Eugene Esermann pointed out to me that 6 nests in tall tree 50yds. NW of New Lab were being used by oropendula. This apparently late date of record for young in nest. July 25, 1956 No observations extensive but saw more at nests today (in Ceiba 100yds W. of New Lab). One in Cecropia over Barlow House in evening. //Later saw 2 nests entered. August 2, 1956 Saw one enter nest at elatins, one perched aside nest. August 11, 1956. None seen in area of this tree (the change in fruiting may have had effect on distribution.). December 23, 1956. Barely seen a head lately, but this mornng one called in balsa 5. of Chapman House, flew to Schizolobium, min, again called- bubbling sound. January 4, 1957 About 7:30 a.m. heard near balsa 5. of Chapman House. 5 flew across to W. to an almandra, perched, 4 soon flew to N. early 2 more flew direct from balsa to join them. Mort seen since August. January 13, 1957. About 7:15 a.m. saw 7 in jacaranda over Test Table Bldg. Deep gurgling call. Flew to N. Not appear- ext rest of day. 22 January 1957. Saw + head one at WNW & 1/2. Mr. Lester says he saw one there during last four days. I heard a few at midday about 100yds. NW of Test Table Bldg. 23 January 1957. Mr. Reusing said he thought one was trying to start nest in Schizolobium over Test Table Bldg. at end of branch with new foliage. Heard in area 100yds. NW of kitchen during day. One calling from balsa 5. of Chapman House about 4 p.m.
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C. Koford 1957 2 Zarhynchus wagleri 31 January 1957 Barro Colorado Is. Canal Zone Saw crossed over Chapman House in evening, stopping in balsa tree. Singing calls. ? much larger than ??. 19 February 1957 In p.m. Saw one nest lod bur started in jacaranda near SE corner of Test Table Bldg. Seems like all foundation work, about 12" off end of branch being wrapped in blackish fibers. 22 February 1957 In morning two nests at site, well started, the first above mentioned lying about 1 1/2 ft. long ?, upper part including foundation wrapping around branch. This called No. 1, about 20' above level of peak roof of Test Table Bldg. A second nest located 15' east of this = No. 2. Bag somewhat shorter. ?? seen to go into these nests carrying nesting material as late as 6 p.m. Mr. Nower observed nest No. 1 on Feb. 20. He saw at least 4 other nests in early stages. Occasionally ?? gave loud alarm call and all birds down into low foliage under nest. Used light colored fibers or tendrils, hose like in size, up to scuttle with side roots. 9:38-9:44 a.m. ? drove off giant con- birds visiting nest. Arrivals & departures instantaneous ? at No. 1 nest: Arr. 9:00 :04 :07 :09:14 1/2 :16 :18 1/2 :24 :29 :40 :49 :51;02 10 Dep. :02 :06 :08 :14 :15 :18 :21 :25 :31 :45 :50:51 1/2:10 Carried tendrils, balsa material, gum material, bark strips, root lets. On 3 trips nothing visibly carried to nest. Mr. Nower notes of February 21 (extracts): birds waking at 6:10 a.m., 5 working, especially 2. Stop work midday, resumed working on 2 nests in p.m., 4 birds leave before dusk. Considerable rolling of nest material from closest bird. Battles when bird returned to nest while being rolled.
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Zarhynchus wagleri 23 February 1957 (extract P.G.H. notes) Bavro Colorado (s, C.Z. Mr. Hawes thinks 5 nests started but 3 poor and consist of only a few strands, other two nests progressing. 2 March 1957 The two nests in jacaranda about 2 feet long, nearly upstage. Dr. Walter Clarke photographed the birds here a few days ago (26 Feb.). Now 4 more nests started, in the adjacent Schizolobium. Two to NW + 2 to NE of the farthest advanced nests in the jacaranda. 9 March 1957 The Repensola nests now number 13- (4 arm foundation) over Test Table Bldg. - the original two over SE corner, in jacaranda; 7 over center of N side of bldg., 1 started 20' higher than there over NE corner bldg. (possibly another starting adjacent), two more about a ft. long (+ another starting) 15' higher yet, at lower edge of S. side of crown of treetop; plus group of 3 on E side of the same Schizolobium - off about halfway up. Three have only part of foundation made, but birds working on nests, so some nests starting at this late date. || Nest material consists in part of long shreds of Acacia bark pulled from near tips branches by birds with bills. 16 March 1957 Now 20 nests in the jacaranda and Schizolobium over Test Table bldg. 23 March 1957 One of the nests had fallen down, + wall had broken at base. Contained soft green dried grass in nest. Given to Paul D. Hawes. || Mr. Hawes also found on 21 March a nest 70 ft. above ground in Bombaxaceae to left of AVA 6.8. A few days later I saw this nest, then by about 6 April it was gone, but Repensola heard 200 yds. away to left of trail.
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C. Koford 1957 Zarhynchus wagleri 3 April 1957 (a before) Barro Colorado Is. C.Z. Oropendola nests over Kodak Test Table Bldg., apparently [illegible]. Two fell down. These had circular hole 2" diam. low on side. Dry grass nests but no eggs in sides, nor shells. The boys say possums or snakes got the birds. Two nests pulled up over branches of tree. 20 April 20 April 1957. Only 14 nests still hanging. Saw 2 Oropendolas near nests but they did not seem enter. 16 March 1957 P.G. Howes notes. Over Test Table Bldg., or or 99 spend long periods close together, 9 9 matesider, or or with bills pointed skyward & matesides for long period follows by bending over shuddering and "ex- ploding." 20 March 1957 One nest broke loose, hanging upside down from adjacent nest on bottom corner. 21 March 1957 A finished appearing nest in the rear AVA6. 30 April 1957 Only 4 nests still hanging over Test Table Bldg. 4 May 1957 One of those nests (toward kitchen) may hold bird incubat- ing, as one seen to leave it. 1 June 1957 No activity at nests near Test Table Bldg. Heard of several twins near AVA8.
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C. Koford Thraupidae Tangara icornata November 3, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., C.Z. One did in mist net nr. Chapman House, 17 1/2 gm. F, wim., shell 4/5 eroded. Juven taken within last week then bonded. Apparently all juven. Feeding in groups 4+ on large herbs near edge clearing. November 14, 1956. Catching a female dry every day mist net out low, near edge clearing nr New Lab nr Chapman House. 16 January 1957. Still common in scrubby near Kitchen.
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@Koford Thraupis episcopus 23 March 1957 One on nest in citrus tree next to ZMA house. For Birds here since some time previously (notes by P.G. Howse or Harriet Burlehart?).
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CKofod 1956 Trees & shrubs July 7, 1956 B.C. Island, Coral Bay Almonds in purple blossom now, a tree with many nut [illegible] seized red fruits 75 yds. NW of New Lob has much use by persimmon, Gordypruckin, Quercus, & other woods. Many wofy fruits on ground. I collected some. Bollos Bolos 50' S. of Chapman house blooming, & res- idents (Rottenmeys) says her bloomed since January. Carl Rottenmeyer says almonds at whale 4.4 in fruit about end of march (le can-tayo & pecanias thin). July 24, 1956. Today Walter Lindsay, Agronomist of Bollos, visited & identified many tree forms. I tagged about 20 on Snider Melvins trail with numbers (on copper). Probably the largest trees here are Cido rather than Bombacopsis. The propandule tree W. of New Lob probably Bombay Barrigon. The large tree 100 yds. E. of Old Lob & largest tree on island probably Cido Santanderia (species or trunks), kopah tree. September 1, 1956. Many fruits of "markey plum" in ground on Doroto. Large seed, 1" avoid, orange, taste like loquat. Or skin & outer parts eaten on most fallen area. All almonds blossoms gone. Nother in conspicuous blossom. September 18, 1956 Jacaranda over Kodak Bldg. shedding seeds from pods. Rare blossoms remaining on almond tree. Heliconia of several kinds in bloom. October 2, 1956. A red flower like divi-divi bunches of feicorless now-persistent on a few leaved shrub about 15' tall on Luty (near 1) and AMA 100yds. from tower. Malay apple near pump house now has red flowers. October 23, 1956. Malay apple flowers nearly gone. The
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Koford Trees & shrubs C.Z. October 23, 1956 Barro Colorado Island, firecracker still prominent on 10' tall leafless shrubs, few branches, some species, in dark woods. No trees in blossom, but almonds in fruit, + some vines flowering (purple trumpets). November 11, 1956. At several places in forest in dark areas a spindly 10' tall shrub without leaves with tufts long red flowers. The Schizolobium tree over Koford House seems to be losing leaves now. November 20, 1956 The Schizolobium in yellow flower. Many fallen by Nov. 22. Conspicuous yellow in distance. The Malay apple also has flowers (red) in one section. December 5, 1956. The Schizolobium still in conspicuous flower but losing flowers now. Many weets & small birds at flowers. A squirrel cuckoo commonly seen in that tree. Rather dry, clear & windy today + yesterday. Start of dry seas? December 9, 1956. Most flowers of Schizolobium now gone. A lilac-like purple flower in liloan or tree at edge clearing, + a vine with pale orange petals and many stamens. The red flowered Lurga (?) shrub still conspicuous in forest.
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C. Koford 1956 1957 3 Trees & Shrubs December 1st, 2, 1956 Barro Colorado I.s., Canal Zone tall shrub = Erythrina panamensis; still blooming at JZ O. all leaves & flowers gone from Schefflera near Test Table Bldg. Bambusa prae has lost leaves. December 23, 1956. The lilac colored flowers of compound (penisto) leaved small tree still prominent. Dead pod [heart symbol]. Found near school line on Orchid Is. (W. side). On east side Orchid Island many Bambusa, are with two "powder puffs" already, others with some leaves still. Espora half bare - canna on W. side Orchid Is. Strelitzia half leafless with yellowing leaves. Big Tree on Van Tyne trail has lost all leaves but many young flower buds, but its we south of Dorato steps has half leaves still. Red flowered Inga still prominent in forest. December 24, 1956. Pronounced first day of "Iverson" by Cheli and Oscar Kidd - because wind N. rather than NE. 15 to 20 MPH, with strong cores & many whiplashes in midday. Andropogon and other grasses with heads now. January 2, 1957. On making circuit of island by boat noted high proportion of leaf leafless larger trees. Flowers ran - the lilac - like as new water still in bloom. January 5, 1957. Many "shaving brushes" now being dropped by Bombax barbigera at many sites. Espora with few leaves. Bambusa bare. Red Inga still in flower. Along road in The Cut, "gallito" (Erythrina) in bloom, & much poro-poro in yellow flower along Bambusa - Pedro Miguel road. January 9, '57. Many "shaving brushes" of Bombax and flowers of "gallito" (Erythrina) in Bambusa area. January 10, 1957. The Big Tree on North Van Tyne trail raining
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C. Koford Salienta - General August 21, 1956 Barro Colorado Is., Canal Zone Information from M.J. Foguette, Jr. Bufo marinus - large ♀ wheeled 14, night. ♀ taken on dock Aug. 22. B. typhonius - very common along trails or ground. Calling during light rain p.m. Aug. 22 nr. Alley Creek, larger than in Pacific drainage C.Z. Engystomops pustulosus - 1 or 2 heard calling Old Lab. One seen Barbour 3 daytime Aug. 22 Leptodactylus pentadactylus - several heard calling night near Old Lab, nr Wheeler 9, mr. Ermaun B. Cretlherodactylus lumforiformis - only frog seen along Alley Creek bed (rocky) near Old Lab. Red eyeshine. C. diastema - heard common night calling from tall small tree. Whistle similar to Centrolene fleshmani, but higher pitch. Phylllobates flastor - common along TB trail daytime. Nyala albomarginata - good chorus night along stream near armour 8-9, in "Pita" thicket. Green with red web between toes, H. phaeota - seen calling near dock night. H. phleboedez (prob. not underwoodi) - believe 1 or 2 heard near Old Lab - night. Centrolene fleshmani - most common call, at least near Old Lab, night. Call similar to E. diastema. Egg mass found on adjacent leaf. Isolated mass containing wriggling developing embryos larvae. Bufo marinus - C-V 148mm. - removed RF toe 11/16. Taken 8 p.m. boat landing. Released at Old Lab 8:15 p.m.
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C. Koford Trees & Shrubs January 10, 1957 Barro Colorado I.S. Canal Zone buds of miniature flowers. Isulas in leafs, buds very numerous on tree & below on ground. The big Bombocopsis SE of Fireman's House has new leaves coming out (did not flower to my knowledge; lost leaves a few weeks ago). There are 4 of 1952 Lab fully leofed still & has not lost leaves. || The Scheizalblim over Test Table Bldg. starting to get new leaves now. Annona malaccensis below Kitchen has many red flowers. Red Inga still most prominent flower in forest. January 13, 1957. Big Bombocopsis S. of Fireman's House now fairly covered with new leaves. Solid fresh green 19 Jan. 19 January 1957. Bombay still dropping matter. Few leaves on Nura. Crpout fully covered with fresh leaves. Inga llossans (red) almost gone. No conspicuous shrub or tree flowers, 23 January 1957 Crop. since last Wed. 1.45" from block 4' down, pan. 1 February 1957 100-200 fruits on trees along PRR track Balboa to Frijoles. Large Bombay fruits on Arch'd Br., O, about 8" long. Several aspect of forest top, many bare trees, 22 February 1957 Near Barbour Pt. three bright yellow-flowered tree, perhaps guaycan. Another new across lake near Frijoles. Many Apeiba fruits on tree, as near S M I. Few "mottas" left on Bombay. Large fruits on are near JZO. Kapeli-like fuzz from fruits on bolsa next to Chapman House. Red Posiflora in bloom on vine in various parts of forest. Palo santo (?) (= Triplavix), smooth barked slim tree with
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C. Koford 5 Trees & Shrubs 22 February 1957 Barro Colorado Is. C. Z. 6" long groups of pink-red flowers. Flowers with 3 petals off about 1 ½" long. On Slothia the Panama tree now in flower & with all new leaves. 26 February 1957 Guayacan (Tabebuia) Bucaramini blossom, + many flowers on ground. Bluish-purple Jacaranda also in bloom near AVA (Triplaris) and JZ trails. Palo Santo in full bloom too. Big tree at AVA 9 has buds, apparently of flowers. A cuipo near WMW 2 has buds too & naked tree. Panama tree on Slothia do. in flower & leaves are new. All space have had new leaves for a few weeks, + have tiny flowers. Pinkish white blossoms atop flattish tree near Benesto House. Some say its "roble." Guayacans near Barbour Trail House have lost nearly all leaves now. 5 March 1957 The Tabebuia back of Benesto House now in full bloom, pale pink. Hoshi 2 ¼ Ehto, photos. Most B. Triplaris now faded. Many of these along W: Bank of canal coming from Isamboua. Guayacans blossamin' ing now apparently over on BC1. One branch of blue Jacaranda over Test Table Bldg. in flower, + same tree in forest. Trails covered with dry leaves. Many small buds on cuipo tree. 9 March 1957 Tabebuia behind Benesto House still in bloom, + some others scattered in forest. Pale pink blossoms. All Guayacan blossoms gone. Blue Jacaranda flowers still promi- nent. 16 March 1957 Big tree at Van Teyre & now leafless. Bristoria superba in blossom, flowers on leafless parts of branches.
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C. Koford Trees & Shrubs 16 March 1957 Barro Colorado Is, Canal Zone. Roble (T. pentaphylla) in quite blossom, including big one 50 yds S. of Foreman's House. Still in bloom 27 March. 27 March 1957. Most Bucavia superba blossoms have fallen. A few faded Rob Santos (Triplaris) blooms. One guayacan in bloom, near T Z3. Balsa shedding cotton. Bamboo Larrigan shedding leaves, & rare or flowers. Big Tree at AVA well leafed, but one at AVA9 with flower buds which are falling off before mature (or at Van Tyne big tree much earlier). 5 April 1957 Driving across Isthmus to Colon saw many cuipos with seeds (4 wings), red or yellow. Few deciduous trees without leaves in Ft. Sherman area, but many near Bamboo & on Barro Colorado. 7 April 1957 Big almonds S. of Foreman's House still in bloom. Some jacaranda still in blossom at shelter,^ and rarely a guayacan. Cuipo now with seeds on trees. Rarely a Bamboo still with "notes"; most with fruits & dropping them. Many black palm fruits on trees. 12 April 1957 The tall robles S. of Foreman's House still in pink blossom. Fruits 4" diam. on membrillo near #T81. No leaves on almonds on point opposite generator house. A yellow flowered tree (Cossia?) in bloom 100 yds. N. of Babon Pit. house. 16 April 1957. Also Roble 50 yds. N. of Chichis' house still in bloom. Bambocopia at VT 4 now well leafed out. This is longest dry season in Balboa since 1931- rarely any
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C. Koford 1957 Trees & Shrubs April 16, 1957 BC So., Canal Zone rain Jan. 9 until 15 April, then .45 inch (very little at B.C.I.). Some membrillo (Gustavia) fruits on trees now. Passiflora (red) still in bloom. Some black palm fruits have fallen. Many figs on ground under large bigtree near UMW. 27 April 1957 Few flowers remain on big scale 50 yds. S. of Foreman's House. Deep yellow tree (Cassia?) in bloom on island and on nearby mainland. Some membrillo fruits double-foot sized & have fallen. 4 May 1957 Only a few blossoms left on scale 5. of Fore- mans House. Some black palm fruits have fallen, & pecaries eating fleshy parts. Orangish-yellow blooming tree still promi- nent-one near Barbour Pt. house, many near Bambosa. Forest floor covered with dry leaves. Some Gustavia fruits have fallen, & some eaten by wild hogs. Still no rain, and many many trees leafless. 7 May 1957 Some Bombax verrugosum starting to leaf out. Parana tree or Slothia has opened pods & shed fruit. 21 May 1957 Little rain yet. A striking bright yellow flower- ing tree in bloom - guayacan like color, but leaves pinnate compound. An orangish-yellow tree also prominently in bloom. Chechi is said to have never seen these trees bloom prominently in other years. Rain by 25 May. 1 June 1957 Many fruits & nuts of Gustavia on ground, and many new leaves, but at UMW O to 4 several blooming profusely still. Almendra still leafless.
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Koford Insects - General July 4, 1956 BCI, Canal Zone Carl W Bettemeyer [is] studying associates of army ants. Formerly worked here with Schneider. Ant queens & workers & mites on them. He puts light out at night by white wall or cloth & many different moths & other insects there in mor- ing. He said took 6 "tailed moth once (= Coprapteryx?). I saw peanut-head fulgorid on an wall. Our army ants are many flier size of home flier of genus Callodexia. He thinks there may lay eggs or roaches disturbed by ants. September 22, 1956 A group of army ants raiding at N. side kitchen, proceeding well as if to wasp nest, about 9 a.m. Trailing from near lower water pump (near BLO). About noon a group raiding wasp nests at SW corner of Hoskins house, about a quart of ants hanging together on wasp nest (Polistes), & several ants carrying single larvae 1/2" long. December 8, 1956. Saw two of the large blue-tipped-winged dansel fliers flying together about 1 ft apart for 1+ min- utes as if one pursuing other. This first time I have noted such association. Weight's colors differed as if ♂ & ♀. December 22, 1956. Dr. Ansley had lights out at night trying to get bug Lola. January 10, 1957. Between hut houses off sq at DC 2 3/4, 100+ moths perched within 3 ft ground. Similar grp. near N. side trail near TB 3 (?). Eye on wing grey moth. W. Lundy says there always at site.
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C. Koford turtle July 24, 1956 B.C. Island Gnal Zone with Carl Bettommeyer market one big cutting notch edge shell, about 6" long shell. 50 gds. NW of New Lab. October 3, 1956, September Mrs. Charles Gregsire found one with pleable shell 2 3/4" long on T B trail near 20. I cut notch in a posterior plate R & kept in aquarium. Two found in palm rubbish near tower, about 3" long shells + these also notched. One R, the other then extra plate. November 10, 1956. One soft shelled 3" long on trail near Kaut gne 2. December 22, 1956. One soft shelled 3" long on trail nr JVT 1.
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C. Koford 1 Caiman Fuscus August 29, 1956 B.C. Island, C.Z. In course with family shortly after lunch, looking along shore with headlamp, saw one about 3 ft. long, & another about 18" long. Red eyeshine very bright. Larger allowed approach to 6 ft. before diving. September 1, 1956. Saw 2 near shore in evening, both about 1 ½ ft. long. One lying near mouth of Luty Creek. Found by eyeshine as before. September 8, 1956 Fausto Bocanega says he sometimes has seen one about 6 ft. long swimming across area 100 yds. NE dock. October 7, 1956. In making trip around island saw one about 6 ft. long near Bang's house, and another about 5 feet long in water near Fuentes House. November 4, 1956. Brought a small one from Panama, taken in Madden Lake area probably, & released it near dock. Clipped second toe of fore & hind foot right side +1/11 RF +1/11 RH. 9" nose to rear of hind legs, & tail 9" (18" total length).
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Koford Saliceta - Genl August 22, 1956 A B.C./s/and, C.Z. Another large Bufo m. worked at kitchen; FR 1/1 in eve. September 8, 1956 Bufo typhonius remains commonest food or frog seen along trails. Nearly always see one in half hour walk, with general observation, not looking for toads. November 3, 1956. Saw one of the 1 ½ " long black frogs with green a turquoise spots on buttress of Big Tree on Van Tyne trail. Have also seen under Test Table/ Bldg. & near creek bed of Lutz stream near foot. January 5, 1957. Saw one ¼" long on F-2 loop A/V trail near 8. 4 March 1957 a moderately large Bufo working on dock of boathouse at 7 p.m. On trails frogs & toads rare.
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Herpes - General 4 March 1957 Barro Colorado Island, C.Z. These translucent white, with equatorial band lines. A few atop ground in loose soil. 17 March 1957 Bocanegra found a large turtle with shell about a foot long (he demonstrated) on rock near boathouse, laying purgory balls size's edge in part in sand. 30 March 1957 at AVA 9 a turtle about 6" long with 2 ticks on a hind leg and about 5 on shell. Notch in carapace over head 3, apparently a natural break. 27 April 1957 George Lee reported groups several small tiquaras at S. end of Storkis Island.
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Herps - General July 19, 1956 B.C Island, Canal Zone. about 9 p.m. found Bufo near New Lab in grass & pressed it in formalin 9:1 (+ Na bicarb). August 23, 1956. Josh Forquette visited, looking voice of for true frogs. He recited Hyla allomerqata when described by Dunn. August 29, 1956. In evening with light saw 2 Caiman near shore within 1/4 mile dock. Also saw 2 evening of Dept. 1. All small. September 22, 1956. Took a tooth from top edge of shell of a turtle on trail (4" long shell). Turtle also had red group of slaggings on hind neck. December 8, 1956. During day saw 2 Bufo typhonius about 3/4" long & 2 anolis (?) about 1" long. These first young of their species noted. January 8, 1957. at BHI at foot tree saw apparent cool green snake about 2' long. Red || Black || Red markings. I saw another near Drayton 17 or Feb. 3/1957. 1 February 1957 Eggs of iguana with small embryo found dug out of hole on Slothia Is. Nuthmaning & saw several Catharites at the spot, probably eating eggs. Do they dig them up? Fertil when buried? 23 February 1957 The boys took 3 iguanas from Slothia Is. I found translucent white eggs twice size of chicken (= Caiman) eggs there, some lying atop ground, at mouth burrow in loose bar dail. Many toads. Black melter perch in tree on this island daily. 5 March 1957 apparent alligator eggs on Slothia Island.
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Koford, C.B. Journal 1963 Peru
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Koford Peru trip - Summer 1963 8 May 1963. New York, N.Y. Consulted with Fairfield Orbon, president N. Y. Zool. Soc., and his assistant, Jorge Merch, at Rockefeller Center office. Met Peter Ismbel, Brooks Bacheland, who are principal members expedition. They expect to leave early June, fly plane to Peru, & set up base at Lucisiana on Apurimac River. Area to be explored: Cordillera Vilcabamba, lat 12° S., λ 72½° W., between Urubamba and Apurimac rivers.. altitude to over 14000 ft. At N. tip area, an area of 18 lobos. Expect to drop by parachute, set up landing strip. (Much correspondence followed - Merch, Bacheland). 9 July 1963. Arrived Lima, Peru. Left Puerto Rico night of July 7 via PAA flight 295, via Caracas to Panama. Stayed at Tivoli Hotel 8 July, and visited C Z BA headquarters, and Borges Memorial Lab. Delinks and Mordey now active in collection and identification of Panama birds. In Lima, took direct to Casa Humboldt (Francisco Paula Canio 358), pension and home of Koepcke. Dr. H-W.K. will accompany me to Lucisiana (Apurimac River) on July 13. 10-12 July, 1963 Lima, Peru Consulted Jorge Millery, Universal Travel, liaison man of expedition. Radio communication has been poor thru SATCO (airline). Started job of getting shotgun, ammo (Rebola Nosd, and license (337 Av. Espana). With letter from game dept., and help of Augustin Jordan in the Prefectura, secured necessary papers & obtained gun. U.S. ammo available, #10 to 12 ga., & also components, shot to #10, and .22 shot shells. Food good in Teasrooms, supermarkets, pizzerias, & elsewhere. 13 July 1963. With Koepcke, departed via SATCO at
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Koford Journal 13 July 1963 To Luisiana, Apurimack; Peru 8 a.m. for Ayacucho. Flight over fog and ocean to S, then E. at 5300 meters altitude. Saw dry coast, more shrubs higher, then stone-walled fields on slopes. Some lakes in rock + grassland. Clouds over summit, but good view of two nevados to north. Then clear over Rio Mantaro and descended to dry Ayacucho flood valley. Much mogyey, spriny bushes, pepper trees. Widely spread bushes and small trees. Dry beat-up aspert. A large wheat field near airstrip; about 15 days cut wheat with sickles (15 s./day = $.60). On ground, iguanas lava rockers. Cullets under rocks. O-6 lizards. A man making net for trout in a nearby lake. Near airstrip some goats, but no other stock seen. Dusty, dry. A wayshomo said rain Dec.-April. Cloudy over Nts. to east.) We debarked from plane about 0925, then waited for another plane. Waited all day - it arrived 5 p.m., + not to go until tomorrow. ! Near airstrip, mogyey, prickly pear cactus, thorny lumber. I saw sparrows hawk, doves. 14 July 1963. To Luisiana, Obto. Cuzco, Peru. Plane left about 10 a.m. DC-3 cargo type. Up river, then over mountains to Apurimace Valley. Stopped briefly at Santa Teresita. Then upstream to Luisiana. Forested, with yucas, maíz, fields. Indian fishtraps along river. Tall thatched roofed houses. Arsen- dolor nesting. Parrots, ant birds, caracaras, and unusual trop- ic forest birds. Fish traps along Apurimace River; curious limit of steeln, cane; remains barbacos, shredded, near pools at swape many points. In evening I set 15 traps near river brender. Shot a nighthawk in daylight, + a tyrannis. In evening shot + caracaras; gby river, among sand + rocks; different species, apparently.
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Koford 3 Journal Peru 1963 15 July 1963. Luísiana, Apurímac R., 1900 ft. PERU 7 traps along top edge cut bank edge river bed yield 3 mice. # 2014. Ør 20 20. Divested similar Ør, 22 gms., test: 4 mm. long. 16-20 July 1963. Collected bird daily. Caught some bats in net left out at night, last bag later for it up. Albat traps (4-2) set once, but usually Éoli Dideiphis only. This also common usual seen in night hunting. One day Karpel saw bird 30' walk + shot one having (# 2039 C8K), in different near stream. In dense tangle, I shot Dasypro and some upon heavily trodden (peruana?) log, per river bank. Opisthophorus & xenogymn nesting in trees. Former must commonly seen + heard birds. Every evening Karpel guides collect near riverine bank, sand + rocks, + none in ploughed field. One night heard some Nyctibian gravis, no own bird. Oecus. Toxora tyger or macerona (?) in sand on table- tary north. José Parodi saw a American jumping into river from banks. Occas: 1-5 Campos shaking in dried long pole red point near farm, can fruit barri + anana (1 shot - gun) care to hacienda airfield. Crops: coffee, corn, yuca, plantain, papaya, cocoa. Balance + coca brought in for selling. Along all stream, Kerp men isolated pools, use slash branches (Karpel from forest usually needed to return). Much cutting + burning up, any chance on w. side river, a days smaller at one farm and nearly all collecting in area district. Apertura & its E habitatus, has hato foru, while D medius, on 5. Fair radio common, with satellite through. José Parodi rides.
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Journal 27 July 1963 to Ayacucho, Peru. Had slats, 2066-2070, in much too up net hung nearby, at edge grassy clearing. Yesterday Kaeche shot a small Nona; dark color, about 10 a.m. I left on DATCO plane from Luisiana for Ayacucho (11523ft), with Jocum Dtel. Flew down Apurimac to jet, with Mantos & then up Mantos to Ayacucho. Came up to col off, dry out, ship specimens, and collect in high country, and get rid of persistent diarrhea. Saturday. 28 July 1963. About 4 p.m. left hotel, climbed hill to NW, & set 21 trap traps next to rocks, rock walls, in area short-grazed grass, scattered bunches of peppercorn, maguey, prickly pear, other. Old rock wells & stone piles. 29 July 1963. Upper 14 traps held mice (noz. 2071-74), one tail. Bait-walnut. Few sparrows hunk, marsh larks, oven slopes. During day plane arrived from Luisiana w. Dick Tompkins & Pepe Parodi. They departed late afternoon. Pepe offered me use of his pickup truck for trip to Tumbos. 30 July 1963. With truck, driver, M. Becon (?) & daughter, drove to Tumbos, 3 hr. drive. First then low country of soft rocks, cavers, spires, cañons, & SW direct US desert appearance. Then up to Qumra, small mud town. Higher, to shot grass pampa where battle Ayacucho fought. Brushy higher, and finally near Apacheta (14000 ft) green puna, a lake, clear streams, alpacas, llamas. Much beat up by livestock, however. Jagged ridges dark rocks. No yareta seen. Lapwings, guava birds. Then down to Tumbos about 11000 ft., an Indian town. Bull teaming on a canal today; some sort of holiday. We left Pepe's suegra, Antonia, & drove on. Ups & downs low in valley. Ruin, clear. Trees, shrubs, birds. Cheean on slopes. Finally up to pass of Tapuro, where road started to descend. I camped there. Put out 35 traps near rocks, under hiwimcha bushes. Many humans in moss; droppings. Pastoral Indians (Quechua), in thatched stone huts, growing potatoes; horses, cattle, sheep, but no llamas
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Roford 5 Journal 30 July 1963 Tapuna Pass, Opp. Ayacucho, Peru. or alpacas. No two-toed or guinea pigs. Under bushes in moss, many burrows 1"-2" diam., and large mouse-sized droppings, [but] traps put them caught 0], included 2 blind set no. 0 steel traps. Just Cold breeze from NW in evening, fog forming at crest. Calm & clear at night, but ice condensed on sleeping bag. 31 July 1963. Traps held only 1 Phyllotis pictus, 1 Akodon boliviensis. Put up shines. Phyllotis partly eaten by another mouse (?). Saw 2 corsons, both brown. Sparrows dark. Runto, mostly white underneath, black tips wings, hovering over rocks & grass. Boys said wrenlike & deer in rocky dell at dawn. higher level. Most were brown; grew near streams. | About 1130, Ciró Asam- lucié arrived (Ayacucho student biologist). We walked about 1 mile from here to NW, toward Apurimac R., & stopped at Quebrada stone house. They gave us chicha and potato-like vegetable to eat; not bad. We put out 30 traps, some by house stream, rock wall, in leivinecha shrubs, on and near large boulders high on hill. Completed about 4.30 p.m. at 5 p.m. (after sunset), a trap at house took a newt Akodon eluanus (?). Two dogs moved some traps near house evening. No bats seen or night birds heard. Pollywogs in stream. Many Cerulean, & Gonotrichia lorenensis, plus other small lizards. Boiled amarantus for lunch, baked potato for dinner. Cloudy evening. Clear & cold by midnight. 1 August 1963. Wet & frozen. Breeze down valley. Traps near stream by house took 2 long-tailed mice. Phyllotis by rock wall on dry slope. Oligoryzomys by boulder higher hill. No catch among bushes or hill, tho much sign. Bait was endosperm of soaked corn. Saw Tundus, and Pategma gigas in yard. Put up specimens. Corn, warmed dry in pan, for breakfast. Ciró left for Tambo last eve, to return first thing in morning. Not here by 12:15. I walked to Tapuna Pass & waited for car. Now by 2 p.m.
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Journal. 1 August 1963 Nrt Tapuna, Dept Ayachucho, Peru Started walking NW toward Yavaronte. Steep rocky slopes to E of pass faintly green in bottom woods. Jagged ridge; much brush grass + timber on slopes at pass, Yavaronte 18,950' Left pass 2pm. Walked down road to NW. Saw a Delitocoris, swipes, Patagona, mountain at 12000'. Many boliceto dogs, indians, slugs and trail (cut across mont road switchbacks). About 4:30 stopped on NE slope of steep canyon, when rather forest extends up into grass-shrub area. At 30 traps in partly opened 15' fern-wood woods. Estimated 3mi NW Tapuna Pass, 10700' (20.7'). Many small birds, long-billed Tanager, hummingbirds. Overcast evening, clearing. Cold, but probably over 40° minimum. No wind right. 2 August 1963. Traps held 3 mice. Phyllotis in opened area, bare tree, no robos. The "Aborot" in dark more-fern woods. Apparently this is Rio Pipre drainage. Grassland, probably largely man-caused, started 200m above my campsite. At 10am. I started walking down road. About noon, boarded a pickup truck bound for Teresita. There were 16 (203 children) in back, plus quartet of boys, luteh croakers, case bear, & miscellaneous drags of people. Group included 4 twins (207/729?) from a school in Lina. Yavaronte seemed to be a single shed or exposed slope. Cabacota consisted of 30+ square low houses a shed crammed together, sides of horizontal sticks, roofs of corrugated metal held down with rocks. Mostly cleared ground here. Alt: 7300+ ft. Dirty, unattractive. I saw a pet monkey (C. apella?) live. Then on to Ayacucho, 5500 ft., where buildings were permanent. Civil guard also there. Many ranger (5/201). A short rest. Below Calicanto was apparent habitat of the road builders. U.S. aid & civil companies involved. Fine clear rushing stream about 30'miles in canyon bottom. From here on construction in progress. Many delays for bulldozers, trucks. Small concrete bridges + culverts being made. Hundreds of salmon, leflorida fish, even in trees. Everywhere steep slopes + interesting
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Koford Journal 2 August 1963 Rio Apurimac, Dpt. Ayacucho, Peru. valley, so no view across Apurimac possible. Rough riding in truck, + all cargo badly masked. Frequent stops to deliver parcels, beer, sell newspapers, eggs, dried [illegible]s &c at Ayra. Morano, parota, later, when road we across Apurimac. Crossed edge river opposite Terente about 4:15 p.m. Crows on small dikes softs (2 sols each). My few 40 cedis (= $150). From Huanta, the Swiss paid 70, for 12½ hr. ride. / At Terente, no road comm., with Luisiana, so stayed overnight. This is part of La Union, a group of haciendas. A large cemetery room and seventy hithen available. / Heard Caprimulgus edge airstrip in evening. Slept at edge strip. No insects at night. Nearly full moon. 3 August 1963. alto - cumulus with light breeze, 0800. Waited for plane to go to Luisiana (4 hrs. fast bike). It arrived about 4 p.m. 4 August Resumed collecting at Avir valley in forest. Kaspole still at it too. 5? August 1963. Backland & Dembel parachuted to landing strip's area at about 1000'. It was last min. surprise to the rest of us that B. went, leaving me rather bewildered. At their level grows a meter tall, + flatter grass, just a boggy, so they decided airstrip impossible in terrain available. They as- cented many dirt trails & sign. About 50°/o wooded at that level, with epiphyte entires. Apparently very hard to move about on ground. Camps at head E. branch of Mantalo River (v.b. drained.) 8 August 1963. [illegible] Joernes & Peter Loh joined B & S. They plan to walk N. to higher ground of lake area. Flow will lay to Matayo & San Ponce to argue about areas. A copious notes + U.S.A. itinerary. 10 August 1963. Supposedly their walk starts today. Shotgun labels, funnel, went in traps, went in with Joernes & Loh. Hope to "mouselift" specimens out of higher country. Arrived 15g. 2 cars to go? AT a new H (cc) helicopter to take Kit
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It's most Valdivia, Alacitte jet, which remain 3 parts (4 crew of 2) available at 6000 sols/hr, ($240). By radio, with great help of Panoti, arranged for lift in & out for 50,000 sols. NYZS agreed to pay bill. Contract was to be signed Mon morning Aug 12. 12 Aug 1963: Man Andersbergson another Alacitte arrival; air group is waning, & all heli- operations suspended for 8 days. Then, our plan fell through. 14 Aug 1963: Left Tamblin to Botayo to find out about one army heli. It could only be used in swing, or as part of their own operation in Valdivia, & at any rate not until end of month. Because of percent + poor radio front in common with Chabrian group. They had progressively about 1 mile radius toward Selen; regular prog- res. They did not want heli- help. Only way of commu is to fly over their ground & near Motalo base - taking early, which often gets poor. In evening I was setting up but not near a pool about 30 yards from beds birding & saw topic diving about 25 yrs. from me; seemingly unway. Probably locals seldom hunt with light at night. In morning about 0630 I had gone to site at edge capital when K. Last time seen an agent on across the path. I saw it; it froze, collected it, a beating & 16 Aug 1963: Karpelhe departed Luisiana to cross over Sivas (?) below Tercita, + appear possibility of ascending Cordilla Valdivia, by this route. Neli Andersberg accompani him. I was taken to Ayacucho by Tamblin (40 min from Luisiana), on way back to U.S. Cura area in centre showed
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16 Aug heavy rain - short grass, old rock walls, worn out bell tracks, great contrast to Velcoba. Latter probably also wetter. 17 August 1963: Took off from plane today. Flight fairly direct over arid terrain with some lakes; small patches very scarcely in distance. Only Tankerville & Kay, the pilots, remain at Lurincova. Would Kniffen, ed of Panamaterrean, which publishes much info on Peru, roads, geography, & development. Good place for good info. 18 August 1963: Lurica, Peru. Packet opening to leave. Short visit with Jay Milling. 19 Aug 1963. Departed 0045 on Panagra fl. 30 to Panama, arriving 0430. Hotel Tricote Hotel & invited guests to P.R. / Kopshe, Aschenlon, Barodi, + I all think ascent on foot to Velcoba most preferable. Barodi volunteered to send men to start a route; they tried, built tandem along way. The searchers came came and walked in, with patrol to carry gear; a gear could be air dropped by commercial plane. Aside a vagrant from possibility of finding rare flora, much in this area, greatest value would be to many area appeared uninfluenced by man. Possibly free individuals plants, vegetable swelling, wells of effort breeding & invented.
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Santurce Teresita Quimbini Luiza Santa Rosa Mapitunani
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Koford Peru 1963 1963 July 13 Ayacucho - airport. (1) Toward Ayacucho (pepper trees). 2 [illegible] Loya [illegible] airport. (3)(4) Boys cut wheat with scythes. (5) Pepper trees + hills W. of Ayacucho. (6) July 14 (7) Santo Terencio, strobes, from plane or ground. (8)
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(illegible) Koford, C. B. Journal 1965-1966 Primate Studies Japan India Kenya Uganda Thailand Australia
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Koford 1 Journal - Japan 1965 4 June 1965. Departed San Juan, P.R., for New York. Ls. 15:30. 15 June, via TWA to San Francisco, TWA, departing 19:15. 16 June, conferred with K.F. Meyer at Nooper Foundation, San Francisco concerning devil monkey colonies in Samoa. He thought the Concord W. Arnold Society at Univ. Cal., Forestry, idea important, in economic aspect. Visited Dr. A. Leopold at MVZ. 17 June, visited Dr. Leon Schmidt at Davis, and saw con- struction in progress for the primate center. He also thought the Samoa project impractical. Visited Dr. R. Rudd, W. Hamilton. 18 June, helicopter Berkeley to S.F. Then PAA fl. 1, Ls. 0900, to Honolulu. 19 June, visited Dr. John Henderson, E-W Center of Univ. Hawaii. 20 June, 12:30, departed on PA JAL for Tokyo. Arrived 3+, 15:45 21 June and was met by K. Yoshiba and S. Azuma. At Akasaka Prince Hotel met C. Nogel, and all conferred. Azuma recently one month at Shimoshita; he said Kudomari brood about 15, w. 6 adult ♀♀, of which 5 bore had infants, starting April. He had photos taken within 5-10 meters range. Yoshiba said 26 already born at Takasalei, + over 1000 total. Azuma said monkeys in region of Inland Sea bred early, for no obvious reason. New vegetation now started at Shimoshita, + photos show some with cream mating. Yoshiba says Isoyuzen usually earliest. young. Overcast, rainy, muggy in Tokyo. 22 June 1965. Visited NSF office + met O'Connell, Arvey, others. No cash from Delta yet; sent cable requesting. Bought transport tickets, shopped, discussed project w. Azuma + Yoshiba. Latter de- parted for Monkey Center. Azuma, Nogel, + I boarded train for Hamori at 6:30 p.m.; practically new sleepers.
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Koford 2 Journal 23 June 1965 N. Henshaw, Japan Light at 4:4 a.m. Rice fields flooded, wooded hills, apple trees, leyotschis. Deciduous tree and planted (?) conifers. A few crows. Arrived Konai about 6 a.m. Mort building, wooden + law; fish lumber, & port town. Ships carry train to Hokkaido. Walked to boat area, when small large decid boat (100') took us to Wakinosawa, shoreline peninsula, a distance of about 2 1/2 hours. Sea clean & fairly calm today. | At Wakinosawa, many drying squid or kims & nets. Several small store with hardware, groce- ries, clothing; about like Playa Hermosa. Azuma introduced us to the mayor, Yamazato. We left boat 1:30 in small boat for Kuso- donani. Shoreline of stiff cliffs w. caves + pockets. Shoreline road had gap of about 1 km., shortly before reaching Kusodanai. Few sea cirrus? birds; occasional puffin, gull, or alcid, but a fishing hawk (Buteo?) fairly common along shoreline. K. a small fishing village, w. wastre, a few dozen wooden houses. Now dipping in hot water & then dry- ing small fish, about 3"; & drying spread on nets. Many women working. Azuma said really all 20 to 50 go to Tokyo to work in summer, sometime now. | Mayor of Wakinos., & others, said a love donkey came to kill at edge town & stayed several hours on June 16, and that people fed him; apparently now seen them before; now went. Headman Kusod.- Tomijiro Yamada. Store owner, Wakinos.- Shinjiro Kawagishi. | We left to Kusod. 1:30 and walked to north valley N., along road seeable, and up canyon. A few crops lower part, but no people died then. Visited monkey feeding area, saw several, walked to higher level, & returned. Saw droppings of serow (?) in shady forest. Stayed night in Kusodanai, in home of dead men.
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3 Journal 24 June 1965. N. Honshu, Japan Boat (fisherman) to Wakinisawa, leaving 7 a.m. Then bus at 8:05 to Onmits R.R. St. (arr. 10 a.m.). Missed train to Aomai, thinking we were to take another bus. Swollen meeting in station room. Town close to foot Mt. Oze, densely wooded w. lower slopes cut clean in many areas. / Pain lost right at Kurodi, + overcast morning). * 25 June (1965: Round from Azuma, so took bus excursion to Lake Towada (210 yen, 2 1/2 hrs., w. commentary). Vegetation mixed trees, thick green, few flowers. Pines azores in flower. Some snow at higher levels, or on Hakkeko. Streams, small waterfalls, desert-like rocks. A few hot spring hotels (onsen). Arrived shore Lake T. about 10 a.m. Took boat or beautiful shoreline ride around peninsulas to visit town of Jasumiya, where dozens small boats for rent, five mins. Tall Thuyaopsis, about 30" dbh, in small redwood-like stands. High rough-faced cliffs around lake, with clinging bushes + penis-like Japanese prints. Returned by bus to Aomai. Phone from Azuma, asking us to come to Aomai, so we returned by bus (about 1 hr.). Met Azuma and Masayo Otoko, + all stayed at inn (Sei Yu So) on NW side of town. We go to Tsugaru Tomorrow. * June 24 addenda. Took last train via Noboji to Aomai, then to Sakuya Onsen, a large hot spring hotel in ski area. Took mixed sex hot baths in mineral water. Plou a little sun down, but many people. 26 June 1965. Took 08:10 train for Miisaya, on E side Tsugaru Pen. Then rice fields, heavily wooded hills to W. Much more prosperous than Wakinisawa area, + water calm (protected). We went to the forestry station and met the chief there, + Azuma took talked long with him.
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Koford 4 Journal 26 June 1965 (Sat.) Tsugoru Penin, N.Honshu, Japan. Makuyz seen principally in winter, when descend from broadleaf zone into Thujopsis (hiba) zone. Hiba is main tree mentioned here. We went by truck 4 hr. inland to Masukawa For. Exp. Sta., a 2 story lodging near stream in bottom of canyon, in [illegible] zone front, much cut over, but beautiful green aspect, clear water, broken rocks. Fine place to stay. Arr. 2:10 p.m. & took orientation walk. Many birds low in canyon; cuckoo (?) heard. / Azuma says monkeys shy here; seen at 1/2 km. a ways. Also about 100 serson (Kamo'shika) thought to be in region, + many lodgers, persons. Tomorrow we go with guide up ridge to look for makuyz, w. Azuma, Otake, Nagel. Forestry people have detailed vegetation maps; monkeys almost restricted to the Fagus- Acer areas, above level serifera. 27 June 1965. Left station 0:35, with guide. Calm, clear. Up Mishinomoto main stream, then cross country up slopes + creek bed, though almost continuous bamboo thicket (3-7' high) to top of ridge, when we worked about 1200. Aff above Thujopsis area, mostly beech (Fagus) trees, w. occasional Acer or other tree, birch. and stop ridge considerable heat! No sign monkey tracks a feeling, but apparent serson (Capricornis) droppings, fresh, on site. We looked across to NE at Mt. Masukawa, which had tireless areas of low bamboo near summit; some other high peaks also had bald spots of a few acres (wind?). We descended ridge to canyon bottom, then to E. and N. around base of Mt. HoMasukawa. The guide told us where he had seen, a herd, of monkeys. He had been working in area 20 years and said he had seen monkeys about 100 times. He seemed to favour country, but trails very poor & not kept up. We arrived back at station about 8:30 p.m., after walking at least
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Koford 5 Journal 27 June 1965. Masukawa, Aomori Pref, Japan. 10 miles, much of it though underground without trails. From other people Azuma heard tales of sightings in Thujopsis zone in summer, including instance about 10 mt before in canyon bottoms about a mile from the station, where mother w. baby seen with other + rather tame. / Mt. H.Masukawa rounded, friested, 714 meters, N.S lat. 41-08'N, N 140-17'E. / We saw down track, probably serene, & browned bushes, food. by same. 28 June 1965. Windy, overcast. Left station about 9 a.m. by truck for Masukawa. Bus at 10 a.m. to N. toward Cape Tappi. Never road through wooded fishing villages; boats, nets, drying squid. 10:50, bus terminated due to construction ahead. We walked to next town + chartered fishing boat around Cape + S. to Horonai, a single family village. Water clear, cold. Islets. About 40 min. on 22' diesel fish boat. This E. coast low lava cliffs backed by bare rounded hills, w. stunted trees close above - like Calif. coast S. of San Francisco; the tiger lilies looked like poppies from distance. Brodavia, lupin a witch. / Based at fishermen's home (no roads here). Left about 1 p.m., walked N. 1 mile, then up stream valley of Horonai. Logging Thujopsis this, + large areas slopes with old stumps. Cut area w. seedless- inside + no tree reproduction. Azuma talked with loggers + farm men; no monkeys now (logging since 1957), the one spot far up canyon (lost winter?); about 8 km. from Mt. Masukawa. As other places, Deutscia in flower, + stripe flowers hanging from walnuts. / Heard reports recently to cross ft. Horonai stream, + to be seen often in fall on hills near shore. / Someone did tell SA that monkeys sometimes (formerly) on first ridge from sea.
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Journal 29 June 1965. To Aomori, N. Honshu, Japan. Altus clouds. 12+ boats out fishing nearby. Departed Noroai settlement 0830 and walked trail + building road to Cape Toppei. Then on dirt road to S. to end bus line. Road goes through tunnels in volcanic rock, along seashore. Many women out gathering seaweed and molluscs at low tide. Seals, gulls. A mostly white woytail (?) large shore rook, + a smaller tit (?) w. long tail+white outer. tail feathers; and blue robin- sized bird w. red-brown breast (- nest w. large young in rock pocket at Noroai). No louder new, nor in forest. / Bus to Minumya, then train at about noon to Aomori. Along way acres. bought a dite (brown; Orsin?). Orientation + ticket lines. Aomori; then stay- ed at ryohen Sei Yu So. 30 June 1965. Left Aomori airport 11:45 on flight to Tokyo. Mostly cloudy so saw little. Then left Tokyo 1:20 on flight to Miyazaki, St Kyushu, + then met K. Yoshiba of J.M.C. Stayed at Niigatso ryohen. Fine views over Japan sea of sea coast slopes + inlets. 1 July 1965. Left 7:45 a.m. on bus to Koskino (31°25'N, 130°25'E). Yoshiba told me seminar hours at Toiminishoii; for brushing. Ivarish studied, + his student Itani; and while there saw monkeys + became interested in these; start JMC w. Imon, Itani, Kawamura. / along road picturesque fishing towns, much planted Cryptomeria (good for boat hldg.). Coast of little sandstone strata. / Arrived opposite Koskino, at small settlement 4 min at Ishinami, + met Mr. lwesuke Tokito, retired school principal, interested in botany + monkeys. / Of 18 mol. 9+ on isl., said 2 birds (found 3). 11 born last yr., + expect 10-15 this yr. All birds died last yr. during 20 day typhoon period, when island inaccessible. / This
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Koford 7 Journal 1 July 1965 SE Kyushu, Japan Raccoon Lodge's on island, + our fisherman + wife live there. Island 1/3.7 meters high in map, 800 meters greatest length, 200 to 500 m. from mainland, and, depending on tide. Channel w. strong current, often too rough to cross. At low tide 100+ meter sand beach on mainland side. Isd surround- ed by rock shelf, walkable; cliffs to 60' high, sandy/stone. Entire isl. thick brush + trees of many species, to 30' tall. Trails few + poor, + slopes steep; no flat ground. Near only fisherman's house. A red panel sign: Wildlife Protection Area. | Most common tree said to be: Tabu (Ficus), Isunysu, Numsaki (largest; to 20
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Koford 8 Journal 2 July 1965 SE Kyushu, Japan Monkeys sometimes to shore, but not known to eat limpets. Single band w. wide range; about 2 x 4 km. / Flying fish + local 450 yen deluxe for breakfast. 10840, took bus for Miyazaki. 1025, turn of 5pm Almunton. Arr. Miyazaki 12:10. Dept. for Beppu 12:50 on train. Arr. Beppu. Taki to Takasaki, 260. Looked at monkeys ½ hr. in rain. Then returned to Beppu, & took train to Okayama, all night trip. 3 July 1965. Arrived Okayama 5:45 a.m. To ferry, + left 0800 for Shodoshima, 1 hr 10 min. ride. Visited monkeys at Choshibi, where Mr. Takao pop. of about 191+75, according to warden, not incl. pups. / Orig. 5 lbs. in Shodosh.; one transpl. to Okinoshima, another to Miyajima, + 1 split, so ?4 left (3 locater), + only main area regularly provisioned. When visitors arrive, warden blows police whistle + siren say leave, + monkeys rush to site. / I said that monkeys here showed much less dom. friendly + social tension than at Takasaki, according to studies by Kawamura & Jeter Yamada. This first trip of Yoshida here. As current scientific studies. Climate prob. as mild as on Kyushu. / Monkey in zone of red pine to 30' tall, + law bushes. Apparently stay in pine grove. + 4 had died. Said to be 45 born, I saw 1 + close, w. 2 infx. same size + appearance, 7/8. Warden said there twins, + that another set, to different mother, born about 3 yrs. ago (how know not adopted ?). / Monkey large, pelage good, + only occas. & showed signs molt. Keeper said last yr. first born Mar. 8; late Mar. this year. / Bus to Karabe, then down "slope way," a farmers, + saw large group monkeys at foot. These graze bamboo shoots + other things, tourists. / Bus downhill to Kusukube, very then due to heavy landing, + took 1530 boat for Okayama. Then took train for Takasaki; inland, arriving about 1730, + spent nite in room.
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Journal 4 July 1965. Takahashi, S. Honshu, Japan Dwell town on river to forested steep hills. Want to make park at Izagyu-nisan (slope near edge town) and breed monkeys. Rain on & off. Then dep. 1134 Takah. Chased 3?x. Arr. about 1930. Train to Nagoya. Electric train 1/2 hr. to Inuyama. / Bus to mine park at Izagyu-nisan. V. said 1/2 million yen deficit /yr. Takashi run by Oito city, takes in 15 millin, & has surplus. / Izagyu-nisan much more pleasant park, & town, than Takesakijama. 5 July 1965. Monday Kiso JMC, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan. Raining; river high, muddy, fast. At JMC had conference re project and budget with Dr Kawai, Takudo, & Funaya, Azuma, Yoshida. Evidently they had given little thought to specific details or justification of budget. Prepared list all items desired by Japanese, plus estimated costs. 6 July 1965. To Kyoto with Kawai, Nogel, Azuma, Tabulo. Confirmed. Funaya Dr. Miyachi, Itani, Imanishi at Dept. Anthrop., Kyoto Univ. In afternoon discussed budget. Defended them I expected about 4 mill. 300 thou. yen would prob. be approved, & they trimmed list to about that figure. Returned to Nagoya & Inuyama. Raining day. 7 July 1965. In Inuyama. Raining morning. Visited Monkey Center & exp. animal zone at former center. Budget conference. Mixed & tried Beruyl; at 1 mgm / kg, put down 12 kg. d in 5 min. (10 mg/kg mid.) A large enclosure for Patas monkeys, with electrified fence. Enclosure of about (1/2 acre) for bonnetes & langurs, w. wire link fence & electric wires. Both areas seemed good for study purposes, & available this year around. / Funaya says that on islets in Maruume (?) bay off Nagoya, M. cyclopis bruta seasonally, births Mar. to July; Papio all year w/o season; M. mivar all yr. w. 2 peaks, judged by tables, but upon looking at his data
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Journal 7 July 1965 Inuyama, Aichi, Japan. I saw that births in fall in 1961, first yr. after introduced, & that later they occurred earlier, peak about May; so a shift in time of births - not year around in any one year. Add part under M. fuscata, 7 to 11 July. 12 July 1965. Slow train; arrived Kago. 3 p.m. Taxi to main monkey park, where Mr. MIURA in charge. Owned, newly. This was center of troops, paw studied by Kawamura (1965 article). About a dozen animals being fed apples, say lions, near office shock. People pay 50 Y admission. Very tame; many eat from hand. Miura said about 95 total; peak births May; 16 born + 1 died; none pregnant now. Melt seemed completed. Animals in good condition. Being completed was monkey fence enclosing 2360' tembo
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Journal 12 July 1965 Takagoyama, Chiba Pref., Japan before a tunnel) and took trail up steep slope. About 15 min. up to crest of pass, where cool cooler seil sq. mile of deciduous tree type to the N. A 15' hut, where we could camp. Monkeys fed occas., but no formal seats or roofs, & all fairly wild. I saw about 6 animals; still molting; crown only on one & w. info part of mid- back on two large immurs. Beautiful spot, prob. 800+ ft. elev. Two local men, who fed monkeys, said about 170, + that 19 infus sold. born + more & 4 pregnant (27 last yr.?). They gave me chart of age & sex classif. by Nishida, made a few yrs. ago. I apparently this higher less provisioned band do molt + birth later than the provisioned band #1. 5.) Getting late, so returned to railroad in Toti, + on to Tokyo by train. 13 July 1965 Kinkazan Isl., Miyagi Pref., Japan. W. Koyama, slow train (1½ hrs.) from Sendai to Shinomaki; then boat (2 hrs.) to Kinkazan, w. stop at Ojikamisake (town ½ hr. from Kinkazan). Saw 40' lumber fishing with nets spread by pole + dipped from boat [drawing of boat]; seil boats converges on me school fish. Plants Cryptomnion; red pinetree; rocky shadowy picturesque. Kinkazan about 3 mi. long, & about 800 m. off tip of peninsula. Clear blue water. Rocks shelf shore (granite?). Main attractions about 3 temple, where hundreds of people, + prayer objects for sale. Little commercialism. Probably 1 large newish Inn. A coast guard (?) station on one point. Temples have very elaborate & intricate wooden carving, on outside below roof—much weathered. A few monkeys in cage, + one big or free on a roof. A few tame Japanese deer among the people. Beautiful
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Journal 13 July 1965. Kinkazan, Miyagi Pref., Japan large cryptomerias, & old cherry trees, along approach to temple area. We walked up trail to crest (E-W?). Large trees widely spaced w. little undergrowth. Dogwood in flowers. "Isolated" common low undergrowth. Ridges, more a ridge, above conifers, promi- ently deciduous - beech, maple, elm, oak; etc. Elms, birches, Cryptomeria (a few planted stands too). Natural looking perhaps climax forest on N. side ridge; the deer looked natural there (a high alarm call, single, almost monkey like; sometimes repeat- ed at intervals). Bamboo fairly common, noisy. A large+ small-leaved species maple. Smaller-leaved elm w. red stumps. (large leaves) (smaller lvs.) Beech - some in flower, some w. green nuts. )Area. Thuja, at crest a sign: Oshika Hanto (peninsula), Kinka San (golden flower mt.), "National Park of Miyagi Pref." Much deer tracks, droppings, browsed bushes, but did not see the monkeys. Apparently no provisioning. Boy at temple said about 70 in a single troop. Walking good, tho slopes steep & locally wet. Away from main trail, clean & attractive. Prob. good for field work. Many quails (dark slaty backs; some w. band tail) around island, especially flocking 500+ in evening m. Peninsula. Excellent views up islandly clifffy coast from crest, tho a stunted boy. Returned by train to Sendai. Noriama started back to Kyoto. 14 July 1965. Aomori Pref., Japan. Arrived Aomori by train from Sendai (7 hrs.). To Wakinosawa by boat - almost clear out foggy; light breeze; fine trip; Tsugars looked close. Ajuma not arrived. Got ride to near end road (Tohoku?); 15 min to end road, then, 20 along coastline (cliffs & boulders) to mount house of Kurodomi..
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13 Journal 14 July 1965 Shimokita Pen., Aomori Pref, Japan Then to Kaizoke (?), merely canyon. Scared by the strange object when a supply of peanuts & wheat had been put out (1520). | at elem. school, saw new Kent weather insti. shelter & rain gauge; out 1 month; science teacher Kanji Kato kept record. He thought daily temp. range about -12° to +26°. Calm, clear, low tide about 6:30 p.m. 15 July 1965. Drizzly rain night and in morning. To Kusodomei, & canught boat to Wakinosawa to await Azuma & Nagel; who arrived noon from Aomori. They worked on construction problems then, & I walked back to Kaizoke, there 2 hours from Wakinosawa by coast. Tidal range about 3' apparently. Wakinosawa to end road about 50 min. walk w. pack. | Watched monkeys & camped at field shed. Light rain. | Two info. picked up piece food from box & etc. Occas. some n all tools fright + ran off, or into trees. Strange to see monkeys climbing about in conifers! (Thujopsis sax). A few at a time departed; when adult drew food box nearer, sometimes go to it immediately. All gone by 5:25 p.m. Calm; alt str. Vigorous play of 1-3 yr. olds on ground. 5:50, "crossed" ? 3(?) to box; soon left. | 1845, 50 yds. upclimb to S. of sheds, 100 yds. down canyon, 3 yrs. played in Thujopsis. sp. notes 16 July 1965. Light rain night; calm str. morning. In moonlight, heard monkeys at night, to 5., & at 7a.m. To Kusodomei, conf. w. Azuma & Nagel; then up trail behind school, going E. Saw Dryolutes-type woodpecker, Columba, at least 3 spp. Acro. Planted areas of Cryptomeria. At 10:10 (9:45 left) at a divide. Took branch I thought for Kaizoke, but ended up going E. at low level. Dark w. new leaves. Saw a jay-crowed, mostly grey, lilac wings. In same area forest the cicadas a loud chrrr. No monkey sign, tho apparent rabbit.
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Journal 16 July 1965. Shimokita Penin., Honshu, Japan. Returned to Kurodowai & Kurajoshi, arriving 15:10. / Nagel & Oz. secured materials & carpenter for feeder, etc. 17 July 1965. Overcast, windy. Confined Azuma, Nagel; carpenter was building feeder. Departed Uta Kurodowai 1230 & walked shore route to Wakinosawa in 73 min.; low tide & light pack. No boats out due wind, so took bus & train via Omin- ato to shop at Aomori, & stayed there. 18 July 1965. Shopped in Aomori for eggs & familiarize tri. Nearly everything obtainable; food shopping excellent. Some camping gear too. Prices higher than Tokyo, perhaps 10-20 % on some items. / In fish markets they sell apparent ascid- eans, like a red pineapple - [drawing of an ascidian] - stuffed; big purple, red orange, smooth, about 4" x 3." Ostomum large, 10 1/2 lbs. Apples, peaches, plerces in markets. 19 July 1965. Alto station; calm. On dock 3 porpoise of 2 species, about 9:5 to 10:5 kg. (weighed), & 6' long. Large white area ventral. Apparently used for food (= canned whole?). & Returned to Wakinosawa & Kurodowai. / Feeder complete. (15 1/2 C. at 7 a.m. at Fukuigawa). 20 July 1965. With Azuma, took boat up coast to Fukura, costal fishing town, 1 1/2 hrs by fishing diesel. High cliffs of lava frequent; imbedded in matrix. Sea caves occasionally. Building & crops + people rare. Forested slopes, steep, mostly second growth, least many conifers. Saw about 6 ospreys, including stick nest step peninsule, bird (jiv.?) on nest, + 1 a 2 flying nearby. Also saw apparent Bato, + 2 apparent Aquila together. / Cliffs changed to red & tan sandstone, & later to grey water-crook.
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C. Koford 15 Journal 20 July 1965. Shimokita, Aomori, Japan rock (some bedlands - like), w. some columnar structure. yukuri had road. Visited Osamu Mori (F. Jr. High Sch., sai-mura), amateur botanist. He knew Japanese names of plants well, but not scientific names. I bought 12 leaf specimens which he identified rapidly, & located in the flora book. Azuma said a troop of 30+ to north of Fukuri. 21 July 1965. Windy night; 14 1/2 C. at 7 a.m. Yesterday @ 4-6 desegisted most trees, & marked w. tags, for phenological & nutritional survey - 10 species, marked 2 of each (1A, 1B etc.). With Azuma & Vogel by last train to Sendai. Shrub in bloom (Deutzia?) along edges farm plots. This is about end of summer wet season (tsuya?); affects walkers too. New people said to leave city (Tokyo) for cooler spots. 22 July 1965, Sendai, Japan Azuma & Vogel to Kihagen for inquiries. Visited Tohoku Univ.; Dr. Aoki in Physiology, Med. School. Then Dr. T. Schlanger, NSF grant geologist, at Inst. Geol. & Paleontology. University buildings dirty & run down, but people pleasant. 23 July 1965. Fri. Tokyo, Japan Back in Tokyo to confer w. NSF, get mail. Letter of credit had arrived from Delta. Obtained free yen acct. at Chase Manh. Bank. Bought camera, Minolta C-3, w. 80 + 180 mm lens, at Kinura, about 1 block N. of Edo-dori or Chuo-dri. 26 24-5 July 1965. Sat., Sun. Office work, Tokyo, & confer with NSF office. Confer w. Vogel re budget. 27 July 1965. Took 6 a.m. Hikari to Nagoya, then train to
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C. Koford 16 Journal 27 July 1965. To Inuyama, Aichi, Japan Inuyama + J. Markey Center. Conferrd w/ Yoshida, Kawai, re Bud- get. Revised the budget + categories. 28 July 1965. Budget discussion at JMC. Paid M. Kawai 600,000 yen, + worked out budget limits for August. 29 July 1965. Returned to Tokyo (Fri.). Confered with D. Avery at NSF. 30-31 July 1965. Tokyo. Paper work + correspondence. The hot post- rainy season now; many use swimming + weekend travelers. 1 August 1965. Departed 11 a.m., JAL, for Hong Kong. Visibility poor below much of way, but many from studio or water. No view of Taiwan. Went up the p 2 August 1965. Peak Tram + walked the circle around the Peak. Saw + heard many birds - soaring bowler lite ?, cuckoo (?), in sparse- like vegetation. Large snake (3") [illegible] shaped. Saw no lizards. Varies hills in sight now, or trees + green; any former tree probably long, gone. 2 August 1965. Visited Hong Kong Univ., which had fairly modern library building (on #7 Aberdeen, lines level). Holiday. Dr. (Mrs.) Marshall was [illegible] A (dridge) on loan; she said to be interested in mammals. Dept: Nood, Thorncroft, were an admin secretary. I talked to only 2 Chinese pocket girls. Visited Repulse (cove) Bay, + Aberdeen - a small pocket of seething Chinese boat + market life. Sea little but still blue, not muddy! The Chinese girls in good dept. thought little animal trade than H.K., the occasional civet or paragon in food market. One said a hill in New Territories formerly had monkeys in pine + was called "monkey hill" (no specimens). 3 August 1965. Departed 15:25 for Delhi via Bangkok. Much ocean like blue sea. Much seemingly uninhabited hilly jungle, + wide red-brown muddy Mekong R. India plain brown, the pools frequent.
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Journal 4 August 1965 Delhi, India. Crowes, mynahs, parrots, lute in city, + many other birds too - why so many? Gray pecked crow bird. Hot + humid; monsoon season (said to start about July 15). Visited Patterson Ltd., on airport, DD Dhawan still manager, + T.E. Patterson, wife, + children living in house is compound. He very talkative's hard to follow. The plant + exp't. about as before, the P. said going to fix place to "decline" animals 1-2 wkrs. before farm shipment. He said animals now usually held at farm by Mr. Pat Washington mi (Horken) & J. Also that he shipped monkeys from Kuala Lumpur + Bangkok. Visited Vite Pvt. Ltd. (32 Ahipur, opp. Old Secretariat) and talked with elder Mr. Rai + office staff/ Departed 10 p.m. for Dehra Dun. 5 August 1965. Arrived D. Dun about 8 a.m. Fleet green region w/ forested hills bordering. Headquarters of Forest Research Inst. and the academy of Indian army. By taxi 22 miles up switchbacks to Mussoorie, a hill station on ridge at about 6000' elev., Cedrus deodara + pine trees there. Met by Donald Lindberg, U.C. anthrop. grad. student, who is studying rhesus monkeys. Both langurs + rhesus in this area. Various missionary schools. Cool summer resort zone. We drove down to Dehra Dun in afternoon, then to Lindbergs headquarters at Asanvi (?) rest house, at edge of forest ( Shorea robusta dominant ). I took walk in woods + saw a group of Presbytis entellus, including one & w. black-furred infant. Also I heard the barking deer - dog-like single-horned antelope seal. sounds; Lindberg said these fairly common. Some mosquitoes evening, but no rain. 6 August 1965. With Lindberg searched for his rhesus study group of 30+, which he had lost. We saw two
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C. Koford 18 Journal 6 August 1965. Dehra Dun, U.P., India other groups during day, in about 6 hours of walking trails. Many birds - leafwings, babblers, barbet, jungle fowl (bad only), peafowl, & colorful small birds. Stayed at shack near dhola bingolaw. L. said he had seen chital, leopard, wild pig in area, & a tiger once briefly. Lindley spent a few month in U.P. with Phyllis Joy in roadside surveys of monkeys & search for good study area. Now basis to make ecological & behavioral studies in single area. 7 August 1965. Spent day in field w. Lindley, & saw large band of macaques in Sal forest - perhaps 60 in groups, tho I classure of only 20, mostly minors. Mushrooms being eaten avidly. Saw 3+ pygmy owls, some apparently young, in forest. The afternoon drove thru Dehra Dun (unattractive) to grounds of Forest Institute (imposing; huge park-like grounds), where there were some rhesus groups, & we saw one group of 20+ which readily came to food thrown on edge road. We drove sev'l miles out to area of Tendli (sp.? ) block, then re- turned. Sal (Shorea) about 70-? 70 ft. high dominant in all the forest patches. No rain all day; occas. clouds. 8 August 1965. Spent morning looking for monkeys; saw no rhesus. In evening departed by train for Delhi. No rain. 9 August 1965. In Delhi, visited Vita Pvt. Ltd. and their monkey farm near Ring Road. Little change from my 1962 visit. Mostly 4 - 8 lb. animals in gang cages. Adults, 14+ lbs., mostly very old ?? (10 yrs. or +), some almost decrepit, and adult 07 07 too (largest 23 lbs.) looked like
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Journal 9 August 1965. Delhi, U.P., India lower ranking men, some slightly deformed (but 1 good 23 lb. old + 2 good subad. old). Two "golden" ff 2-3 yrs. old in cages. (One cage about 25 bonnet monkeys, 6-8 lbs. - tails long & straight.) The Indian who showed me around said that their own men merely brought the monkeys & had nothing to do with the actual capture. I took plane to Bombay. 10 August 1965. In Bombay talked briefly with M. S. Rai about monkey shipping business. He showed little enthusiasm + was planning to go to Europe this winter for a long stay. He had plans for movie of monkey capture & handling & shipping. I departed at 10:30 a.m. in plane on FAA route flw via Karachi, Aden, to Nairobi. Aden area a rocky desert. Cloudy over Africa - did not see the big mountains. 11-13 August 1965. Nairobi, Kenya. Talked with D.S.B. Leakey at Corydon Museum on 11. On 12 he took me to visit Tigrini, where Cynthia Booth (+ husband Bruce) now reside + have 100+ monkeys in cages. They also had stated collector skins & skeletons. Leakey seemed most interested in taxonomy now, repod. & behavior later. Cynthia monomach + tollesive, but seemed to know her African monkeys. She was to go to Zanzibar in Sept. to review Colobus badius in a small forest there. Caged animals seemed in fine health & seemed to be her main interest. 2 or + black & white colobs of 2 forms in cages. An adjacent road being acquired to expand facilities. A newly arrived girl from Weler was to study bones, the apparently a beginner in this field. Leakey continued to
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C. Kofurd 20 Journal 12 August 1965 Mr. Nairobi, Kenya talk glowingly of Jane Goodall & her continuing (?) studies of chimps m. Kigoro. Lesley in good health & humor, talkative; I was impressed w. his broad interests & knowledge. | Coffee & tea growing nr. Nairobi. 13 August 1965. Spent about 2 hrs. in late afternoon in Nairobi Nall Park, 10 miles from Nairobi. Mostly grass plains or rolling; some wooded areas. Saw gazelle, Thomson's g., hartebeest, quass, wast leg, giraffe (1 seen only), eland (1 seen only; nr. giraffes - climb on cars; only 1 troop?), hippos (4 in 1 pool), vultus (nr. hippo pool), marshies. Ostrich fairly common; or ? salve, a mostly. Dunica fowl flock; from- olive & bustard in pairs | Probably some regulation of numbers though seasonal. Hedged tree & shrubs, but no severe over- grazing. One jackal seen; it rolled in (dung urine ?). 14 August 1965. Departed 0915 by train for Kampala, a 24 hr. ride, going across Rift Valley & over 9,100 ft. level. Cattle, cornfields, planted eucalyptus & pine & other conifers, patcher forest, occas. native towns. Drive across Rift Valley, & 2-3 large lakes seen. Few birds seen, & no wild mammals. 15 August 1965. Sunday. Arrived Kampala. To Makere Univ. Coll. & met Dr. Jane Thornton, & John T. Powell, Owen, & others. Dr. Delaney in Rd. dept. Stayed at Chris' guest house. | Climate [?] warm & muggy; Puerto Rico- like. Pesto (fruit) said to hang in eucalyptus at same seasons. 16 - 18 Aug. 1965. Business & shopping in Kampala. 19 Aug. 1965. Obtained 1960 Holden station wagon thru Cooper
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C. Koford 21 Journal 19 August 1965. Kampala, Uganda Motor or repurchase deal. Sent Japan budget request to Delta. Ft. Portal 20 August 1965. Departed 09/15 for Kampala, via Mulondo. Bond road ended long before Mulondo; then after Godingy. Patches of trees but country broken up by crops, burning, bananas, can. A long gas drive, about 206 km mi. Met Shiniye in his store (source of local info. & goods). Stayed Hot Spring Hotel. Barter, 2 modern hotels, adequate imported food here. 21 August 1965. Saturday. To the central office bld. mrs. nts. of Moon Hotel. Met Kingston, the DFO, + Peter Hay, Game Despt. head. Both friendly Englishmen. Buss & Wing from Billman had been there not long ago. I with Kingston took drive to Kalo Forest via Kages Sawmill S. & E. to Mbaraga R. bridge, then W. to Kangy- ware. No old motive forest, but some recent, some being cut, + some dense areas of elephant grass. Kingston gave permission to camp at Schitoli a Kangyware forest station. We went to former, where a small house available (no utilities). I visited Bill Billman at Kejani tea estate, where he had been since 1932. He was friendly, formerly of Game Dept, + knew animals fairly well. We saw 2 or 3 gas. cobolus, + had them, in forest looking his tea field. I Billman said forest much disturbed now by poisoning of some trees, & log cutting. Elephants few now, tho we saw recent carcass on our road. Hippo seen from Mbaraga R. Guinea fowl & francolin in forest. About 6 sp. monkeys, incl. some chimpanzees, B. said. Rainy season starting, tho not so sharp change as no. Mbarara to S. I how mostly white hornbill (Bycanistes ?), pr. Francolinus. I Met mine gal- Mod. rain 5-6 p.m. oyst, Stellaris, Meigyan. Saw some blue & red tailed monkeys.
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C. Koford 22 Journal (Sabitoli; Kibale Forest) 20 August 1965. Nri Ft. Portal, Uganda. In morning watched Colobus alyx. + redtail nr. Kigami Estate. Heavy rain 4-6 p.m. To turn for gasoline. 23 August 1965. In morning watched monkeys nr. Kigami Estate. Then to dam road 1 mi. to Elephant Control Path, walked to Mpanga R. and 1/2 mile up st. River muddy now, brown-grey. Shopped in Ft. Portal! Cercop. lhoesti - about 12:30 shot way N. of Budham jet, 3 monkeys ran to E. across road. We heard grunts in bush within 5 yds. yfss, + saw bush move, + finally sounds of running off, but not jump trees. Carla K. said saw [prob. = C. l'hoesti] one; black w. brown social; chirp? or red colobus? / Forest guard said chimps recently seen in area Kampala Rd. just E. of county line; sometimes crossing road. / Stayed Sabitoli. 24 August 1965. Observed in Kibale Forest on road 5. from Sabitoli, until (r. 9 mi. W. of Mpanga-Kanyowara rd. jet) stopped by mud. Saw swinging group, tan; black thumb-sized c badige mammal run across road (gorilla?) nr. Njugaburria crossing. Saw bumbills, twoos, in patch mature forest E. of Kanyowara; dart reached by dirt road for about 8 mi. SSE of Ft. Portal then 3 mi. E. blue, redtail & brow colobus in forest. / Rain now + again, light, t: 30pm. Nearly clear 9 a.m. but overcast noon. / Trees in flower - Dry- thinia scapinosa, bright red, leafless. (Sunbirds feed). Also Apothodes, red flowers, w. leaves. Some trees w. yellow flowers too. But generally few flowers. / In Kanyowara forest saw from colin too. Return to Sabitoli for night. 25 August 1965. We left Ft. Portal 11:15 and drove via Karase to Queen Elizabeth Nat. Park. Talked w. Chief Wardon, I.S. Ross. Saw usual game - elephant, hippo, kol, waterbuck, warthogs, + other, and St. hyenas about 7:30 p.m. on Royal Circuit. Stayed
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C.Koford 23 Journal 25 August 1965. Queen Elizabeth Nat. Park, Uganda. at Student Camps. Need rain evening. 26 August 1965. We crossed Kazinga Channel in ferry (1 car). Then drove S. across Nyamwari R. nr. Lake Edward, at corner of Merano- gamba Forest; then S. across Keizi R. (Doboon about 1 mile S) + to fishing village of Ruwehema. Then back to Katingura. Many hbl on flat green burned area. Rain prevented visit to Lake Nyamusungie, where said to be colobus & other monkeys. Back to Kalator, then N. on Oter Troch & camped nr. Doboon Cliffs, at top edge nr crest. Saw rain at night. | Saw 2 r dobons in eve. on open ground at Doboon Cliffs hilltop. | Hundreds of mandrills nr. Kalabor + Ruwehema. 27 August 1965. Drove on to Kihango + N. to Kamuli River jilloose on Lake George flats. Many wart hogs; doz buffalos, red buck, eleph- ants. Thick grass, shrubs; little apparent traffic. Returned to Ft. Patol + Selitoli. Brief obs. monkeys evening. Hail at night. 28 August 1965. Saturday. Obs. monkeys morning. Visited Bridham. Collected forest marmos (CBK 3008) 29 August 1965. Sunday. Counted monkeys along road S. of Kagera in morning. Carla K. saw 1 chimpanzee nr. Nyujata River 1030, about 15' up, hanging on branch. We first well saw Colobus abyssinicus calling rain. 30 August 1965. Camp walk, shopping, visit Bridham. 31 August 1965. Departed mid-morning via Ft. Patol with W.O. Bridham & sons + Antonio Aro Meijzan for Toro Game Reserve, 32 mi. from F.t. P., at about 2000' level. Camped at Waza Camp (tamarinds; 1/2 mile before steel bridge), within 1 1/2 mi. airline of Uganda Wildl.-Devl. Lodge.
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C. Koford 24 Journal W. Uganda 31 August 1965. Toro Game Preserve, nr. Ft. Portal, green plains with riverine forest + scattered tree. Large nos. holo, but also waterbuck, leangani, elephant, + many duffels (one dead 200+). Hunting allowed under permit + payment. We saw blind at red territorial ground when H. Burch. was walked. Giant ground hornbill striking, feeding on ground in open. A few redbuck in holo groups; leangani with Defassa waterbuck. A few wart-hogs. At night heard too hyenaes close, lion far. Thirsted but did not rain. Few inhabitants, go not overgrazed, + very pleasant area to work, tho muggy at times. Pridham took us game walking day 1. 1 September 1965. Pridham took us on tour of much of area. No ostrich, rhino, giraffe, bee. Kob most abundant. Lemurs in gift at one occasionally. Saw colobus monkeys in riverine trees near Waza Camp, + heard calls in evening. Baboons + quivers said to be present. 2 September 1965. We drove about 12 miles to edge of Lake Albert, threw large outboard motor boat, + went fishing (trolling) for pike perch. Caught but 1, about 2 lbs. Rocky escarpments + spectacular falls near south Nile River. From boat saw 3 bands vervets + 2 bands (3 to 6) Colobus dyspinnis in broadleaf tree along sloping shore. Also 1 dead hippo, many fish eagles, 2' lizards, kingfishers, pelicans, small birds. Water muddy; level had risen 20+ ft. during last few years, Pridham said. No other live fishermen seen. Departed boat landing about 2 pm; car trouble delayed return to camp. Kofod family stayed overnight, while others returned to Ft.P. in evening.
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C. Koford 25 Journal 3 September 1965 Toro Game Preserve, nr Ft. Portal, Uganda Lion seen, + hyena close at night. Rain slant 4 a.m. + for a few hours after. Visited the hunting lodge, from where we saw 4 gaz. cobblers at me + her daughter, in river forest - good place for driver territorial census? Returned to Ft. P. + Selitili camps. 4 September 1965. Bridham left for Goro. Elephant said shot 3 mi. down road last night; we went to area + saw many tracks but did not find body. Camp walk. 5 September 1965. Sunday. With Antais Mujam, drove S. thru Kilohi Forest to Bud Bigodi. Patchen forest + elephant grass. Gazd once grazed, but grazing ceased because of rogans. The N. to Kigarama, S. to area of Korenda, where road passed be- tween 2 crater lakes. The slopes of crater mostly well for- ested. We saw no monkeys, but Mujam said he had seen dolobars, more than once, cross road nr. county line (Duru R.); a fair patch of forest here. Returned to Selitili camp. | Drop trap in woods nr. Bridham's road caught 1 mouse during day (KAK No. 1). | Unsuccessfully looked for carcass shot elephant. 6 September 1965. Camp jobs. Shopped in Ft. Portal. | Yesterday acquired 2 Chameleons taken nr. Kigarama. Still have large drat found in forest on Sept. 4; yesterday it gave birth to dead inf. (preserved). | In evening saw chimpanzee nr. Njyugata cross- ing, + ad. & w. yearling (?) bushbuck around nr. mile 5.0 on road S. of Kagera Saw Mill. | Good mix of white-throated monkey. [= L'Horst's guenon] 7 September 1965. Departed 6 a.m. + drove to Kampala. Left animals, visited in zool. dept., shopped. Camped nr. Entebbe at edge Lake Victoria.
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C. Koford 26 Journal 8 September 1965 Entebbe, Uganda Visited Sylvester Rwenga, Game Dept, Entebbe. Saw monkey skins & found my "mangabey" = Colobus badius, & the black monkey w/ brown back & white throat = C. d'haesti. Camped. 9 September 1965. Shopping Kampala. Bought telescope & small tent. Drove N. via Bombo toward Morindi & camped along way. 10 September 1965. To Morindi, & Murchison Falls N.P. Little game compared to Q.E. or Toro Reserve. Very little shade in hot country. Roads rough. Drove on Bulgi track & saw fair numbers mammals. Visited the falls; ok but disappointing. 11 September 1965. Talked with Chief Wiston (?) Wheaton (?) about Peter monkeys. He said that K.R.L. Hall had studied them within a mile or so of headquarters. He sent a boy with me & we walked 1½ hrs. but saw no Peters or other monkeys. Drove to Mos- indii, then W. toward Butula. At mi. 26 fr. Morindi (18 from Butula) talked to forest guard who told me Marler had stayed in rest house about 1 mile to W. | Forest in this area thicker foliaged than Kilole but much cut over, replanted, & variously mixed up. Not as humid compared to Kilole, & far from supplies. Looked at Butula, then drove S. thru Norina & camped. 12 September 1965. Drove on to Kilole Forest & stayed at Selitoli forest station. Pain in afternoon as usual. Sunday. 13 September 1965. Watched Colobus along Samuel road in morning. Pain started 3 p.m. Saw Red colobus green a retail! Saw 2 white infant colobus. 14 September 1965. Obs. along Kagera SM road. Saw Cercocelus
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Roford, GB 27 Journal 14 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Torq Uganda m. mi. 5.5. Black white bonbelle common in pairs. 15 Sept. 1965. Cut .1 mi. marks along road S. of Rogers Saw Mill, 16 Sept. 1965. Visited D.F.O, Kingston, in F.T. Patel. Rain in morning. Drew to Kanyawara-Mpanga road about 4 p.m. but saw no monkeys there (m E-W road). No rain p.m. 17 September 1965. Put more marks along road. Watched groups in Kigani Estate area. Saw 13 Col. bodius in eve. No rain. 18 September 1965. Watched 2 1/2 hrs. morning on Bridham road. Moved from forest station to Bridham's. Clear morning; saw summit Rwenzori. Brief road survey eve. No rain. 19 Sept. 1965, Sunday. Walked Elephant Crest path 2 hrs. morning. Walked for 4 hrs. ed monkeys Bridham road afternoon. Rain about 5 p.m. Saw 3 Colobus days on ground on road. Rained for 1/2 hr. about 5 Aird rain 4pm. 20 September 1965. Saw hard 20+ Colobus koolius . Trip to F.T. P. 21 September 1965. No rain. Obs. m. Kigani estate + Rogers road. 22 September 1965. Obs.mv. Kigani estate + Rogers road. 23 September 1965. Same. Rain afternoon. Both red & black & white Colobus consistently in forest at N.E.edge Bridham's tea estate. 24 September 1965. Collected 3 teeth from elephant skull m. mi. 5.7. Eve. walking census 1.1 to 2.1. Good view C. l'hecati of. Rain p.m. 25 September 1965. Saturday. Morning sunny, 1/10 alts clouds; Rwenzori summit visible from Bridham house. Morning census census m.i. 1.0 to 2.1. No rain until night. Kristi saw a several cat on road near mi. 2.0 26 September 1965, Overcast. Watched monkeys on roads + trails mom. Drew to 5.7+ return eve. Afternoon calm, alts stillness,
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C. Koford 28 Journal 27 September 1965 (Mon) Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda Observed monkeys near roads morning. Crossed 1.0 to 2.1 eve. 28 September 1965. Still at Kidhoni's. Alto stratus overcast; showers 11 a.m. Saw 3 chimpanzees cross Kidhani's road. Watched monkeys along Samuel road. Up to 10 turacos in single coffee bush. 29 September 1965. Walked monkeys Kogoro SM road. 30 September 1965. Same! Toro Game Preserve, Toro Uganda 1 October 1965. Overcast rain morning. Departed Kingani estate 10:30 for Toro Game Preserve. Rain morning. Arrived 1:30 p.m. Saw Colobus alyps and Papio. Camped ½ mile downstream from Wera R. Bridge, at Buschbush site 50 yds. from edge; milled forest backing river. Heard lion, hyena. Saw waterbuck, boi, redhump in area. Shown in afternoon. Mosquitoes at night. 2 October 1965. Rainy morning, w. alto stratus overcast. Saw Papio's Colobus clyssinicus m. camps. Camp to the game lodge = 2.5 mi. Obs. some from area of lodge, when good patch riverine forest. Rain eve. 3 October 1965. Obs. near camp & lodge. Rain afternoon. 4 October 1965. Overcast. Obs. near lodge & camp. 5 5th October 1965. Same. No rain. To Kikele Forest, Toro 6 October 1965. Departed Toro Game Preserve & drove to Ft. Portal, then to Kingani estate (Mr. Bridham's). 7 October 1965. Evening obs. m. Kingani estate. 8 October 1965. Ft. Portal trips; car repairs. Evening obs. Uganda independence day. 9 October 1965. Corresp. & office work. Much rain afternoon. 10 October 1965. Sunday. Drove to Ft. Portal & 5. to Dera River, about 18 miles. Looked for monkey there. Then to Kanyawara forest station, + 5 mile into forest. Returned to Kingani Estate for night. From ranger's house at Kany- ware, .3 to first forest patch of 1.2 miles; then road thru alt. patches forest & grass until 3.5 miles for house, and .8 mi. in a small bridge.
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C. Koford 29 Journal 11 October 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda. Rolf & Keisti watched land crabs moving. D, brief survey on samuel road. Shrew muddy. 12 October 1965. Foggy morning. Read documents in office of D.F.O; kids watched monkeys moving. Watched dog rooster, & saw 3 chimpanzees. Rain afternoon. 13 October 1965. Drove to Entebbe & camped by L. Victoria. 14 October 1965. Visited Tennant & Rhweza in Game Dept. Dr Williams at Virus Research Centre - good base for operations w. labs, cages, monkeys, rick. Many showers. 15 October 1965. To Kampala. Visited Rawley, Delaney others at Molines. Visited Ministry Internal Affairs, Entebbe. 16 October 1965. Saturday, Visited Panella, Delany. Then drove to Jinja and camped edge golf course. 17 October 1965. Drove to Toro, thence to Mbale. About 20 miles before Toro, road passes thru a few miles of forest, said to include monkeys. Drove to Budolii and Busulani, takeoff place for climb to Elgon summit. Rain. Forest starts 1000' above highest pt. reachable by steep dirt road. Many shrunken people along upper road. Returned to vicinity Mbale & camped. 18 October 1965. Visited D.F.O. in office near Post office in Mbale. He gave permission to use rest house at Kaphwata, softwood plantation on NE side Mt. Elgon at edge forest. Drove thru (6.5 miles) on the mt. road toward Kenya. Pretty waterfalls over cliffs along way. Up & down dirt roads, muddy when wet,
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C. Koford 30 Journal Uganda 18 October 1965. Kapkwata, Mt. Eloon, Schei, a steep in parts; barely made it in sta wagon w. load. Pines + cypres planted to sapling size on many acer (100+?). Walked to "fire tower" + saw + heard monkeys from there. Fine views of forested slopes. 19 October 1965. Rain all day, but stopped mid-afternoon. Then to "fire tower," a 150' rock outcrop at upslope and plantation, + counted monks. 20 October 1965. Overcast but no rain. 0930 to 1 p.m. stop Fire Tower, counting colobus. Rain about 2 pm. 21 October 1965. Spent afternoon in area of fire tower. A trail starts there + goes about 5 mi. into forest to W + NW; I followed it ½ hr., then 30-50'trees occurred small grassy openings. From near tower saw sleek "raven" with broad tail, short tail, + feathered naces. Sent men by bicycle to Bulera for gasoline. Little rain night. 22 October 1965. D.F.O. arrived & sold me petrol. Broken clouds today; dryest yet. Drove to Mbale, 65 mi., without difficulty. Later drove via Serro toward Moroto about 40 miles, into dryish than lush area & camped. Many deer, bird flocks. Heard lion at night to N. 23 October 1965. Drove N. across Mbale River into Delosien game preserve. Buffaloes fairly common near road; saw 3-4 yrs. To 11, w. giras. Eat delicately at the 10-15'tall spindly thorny tree (w. ants + galls numerous). Plains not open but have trees 5-20 meter apart. Also saw hartibest, oryx, zebra spring tree. Some rocky hills w. caves & bird lined holes. Then through village of Namulus, near cotton estate. Villagers very black, women w. bare breasts + many metal neckrings. Men naked largely, esp. in guitsle, + nearly all boys naked. Men carry walking stick
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Journal 23 October 1965 N. Mt Kadom, Karawoja, Uganda. and a tiny (3"x6"seat?) 3-legged stool in my hand. Some mount ain ornament, tribal manner, skin clothing - rather primitive, only 60 mi. from Mbale. | Road close to mt. on N. side. Scattered trees down slopes, & forest patches on higher slopes, but mostly cliffs, many vertical - fascinating but difficult mountain.|Returned to Mbale & drove on to camp 20 miles toward Jinja from Molo, in small forest of 50' trees. Hard rain late afternoon. Sunday 24 October 1965, Sunshine & broken clouds. A group of 7 men coden w. rope nets, sticks, spears, walked by our camp - poach- ers? or monkey trappers? Marleys probably here, tho saw none. Many bird cells - turacos, hornbills. | An area on Kadom, many sattle, mostly white zulus w. riles prominent, herded by robed black dogp. Cuphobia tree some sites. Saw no game outside of preserves. 25 October 1965. Drove to Kampala. Camped Entebbe. Entebbe, Uganda 25 October 1965. Visited F.R. Mann of Verrets (E.A.), monkey collecting company. Formerly operated in Kenya (Nairobi). Ships mostly vervete (to 600/mo.), but has some Brazzees, redtails, in cages. Ruts injured & some speese on small offshore island near airport. Has 10+ fish cages in cage. Helped Dr. Vickers of Zedele make a film in Kenya, Willing to collect special material. Says white dute tails of others & selus, injure selves if cage too large. Ships to Berlin (Germany), Stockholm, Japan mostly; also to USSR & U.S. drug cos. Operator by setting up camps, shows locals (to 200) how to make box traps of sticks or wire, pays 5 sh. each for marleys. Vervete caught w. wid box traps, not nets. Friendly, German, about 55 yrs. |At Kampala]
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C. Koford 32 (of 53) Journal 25 October 1965 (Mon.) Kampala, Uganda. Dr. Delany told me that he had applied to Minister Internal affairs for selecting gun permit for me & dept. zoo. Camped at Entebbe. 26 October 1965. Business in Kampala. Then drove to Fort Portal and stayed at Kerugani tea estate. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda 27 October 1965. Officials, & evening monkey census. Reloc- at'd "snog tooth," "stumps tail," + some familiar groups of Colobus alysiricus. Overcast but no rain. 28 October 1965. Sunny morning. A few Marabonía tree their now have long fruit pods. Nettles have large flowers. An Erythrina tree, leafless w. red flowers when we arrived about Sept. have become ), now fully leaved, w. no flowers; others of same sp. have w. red flowers. Evening census day good. 29 October 1965. Heavy rain (1.87") night. Mr. Pridham said area near estate logged about 10 yrs. ago, & that the forest patch now on N W side of estate similar to that cut. Also, he said much poach- ing of monkeys in area about 2 yrs. ago, natives using skins for drums, bicycle seat covers, etc. | Stratus clouds a.m. Watched + counted monkeys to 1030. Rain now. 30 October 1965. Light rain on & off most of day. Census of monkeys evening. Tursior fed some Marabonía tree or Colobus alysiricus, tho later. 1 November 1965. Sunday. Cumulus stratus morning. Rain 11 a.m. Monkey census evening. Few Marabonía flowers now; many of their trees w. long pods dangling. 2 November 1965. Its watched qp. to+ C. loduie morning. Rain early aft. Evening good census.
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C. Koford 33 Journal November 3, 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda 10/10 Clear morning; alt. status by noon. Good survey of mangays. November 4, 1965. Sunny after fog lifted. Good survey morning. Located "drink tail," now w. infant in gps. (C. abyssinicus). Drive to 5.8+ return; now logging to E. there. Walked tractor path to W. from 3.8 + saw no monkeys in 1/2 mile midday. Saw C. d'hesti again. Forest Mgt.- talk w/ B. Kengeter. Cut near Bridgtons about 1959. About 6 (again 10 yrs. later?) yrs. after do strip count main comm'l species (4%?) + use to judge treatment (felling, go thinning, girdling, poisoning). Shot live trees like Trees not poisoned. Poison by spray on bark, girdle + spray, remove 12" bark, etc., depending on sp.; 2 + D + 24, 5 T. (Changes Cutting now about (now more sp., even not hewn with cut.) sewed 22 trees/acre; goal is 40. Formerly cut less. Present cut about 1/2 of standing tree (of coffee size). K. things will result in even aged closed forest of the 15 valuable sp., somet. all on single area, but prob. 1 or 2 (Neotoma & Fagaropsis?) mostly. K. said V. Reynolds published that forest dept. poisoning cheese (food?) trees, but K. says V.R. did most studies in heavily poisoned area. / humming flock of 200 n + storks (Cicmia nigra ?) roosted to S. over road, 1000 +/- up. white bellies; red legs extends beyond tip tail (black rectrices). Nov. 2 + today saw 2 birds in swamp by O.B.W. Brown; iridesce green on dorsal folded wings; red area top blue bill; near white line along join or skull. Error Date 1 day shed Nov. 5+6 - see Monkey Census sheet; when entered by mistake. p. 6 87" rain midday. November 6, 1965. Saturday. Walked along Numa Block forest road for 1 hr., to area damaged eucalyptus, Photosed, + returned. Saw C. alps, C. boduie, redtail, blue, mangalay in Numa block; last stripped bark. Good monkey food trail but many biting flies. Rain 12-600. Evening census banmilled food.
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C. Koford 34 Journal 7 November 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda Sunday. Rain midday again (.75"?). Eve road census. Near K-8 sign saw 2 grey parrots (red tails) in green Erythrina tree; cut off some leaves. 8 November 1965. Departed 9 a.m. & drove to Kampala; camped Entebbe. 9 November 1965. Found mail 3 days for Kenya via. Visited Melusine. 10 November 1965. Visited office of Conservator of Forests (Alastair Smith), Entebbe. 11 November 1965. To Mengo to study site in forest N. of Lugazi w/ Neil Cholmondeley, Denny, & others. 12 November 1965. Returned to Kampala. Sat w/ him. Departed for Kenya. 13 November 1965. Drove to near Mairu & visited Richard Leithen, settle his ranches. Camped on Mairu River (15' wide) where thornbush strip of riverine forest 100+ yds. wide containing colobus & blue monkeys. About 6000 ft., cool, semi-arid. Large figs common. Windy (or oobi?) 14 November 1965. Sunday. Shot pigeons. Saw 2 steinbecks in cattle areas. Heard colobus at night. Counted monkeys. Saw guinea fowl and rock hyraxes near Leithen's house on Mairu River. Windy still. 15 November 1965. To Mairu, talked with local people. Pleasant English community of 20 or so adult white. 16 November 1965. Drove via Eloret to Nakuru. Saw the few million flamingoes on Lake Nakuru; we can drive within 100 yds. of the birds at many spots. No visible wardens. Rain midday; Aberdare & Mt. Kenya in clouds. Drove on to Thompson Falls, then toward Nanyuki through thorn bush cattle country. Saw 2 jackals (camped). 17 November 1965. On to Nanyuki. Rain midday. Streams high & muddy; roads muddy. We went out in Land rover with Peter Merriman-Jones, young professional hunter. He was to shoot eland & zebra damaging crops along road toward Isiolo. He but hunted in grassland w. scattering eucalyptus & other trees,
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C. Koford Journal 17 November 1965 Mr. Nanyuki, Kenya and shot only an oryx. I saw about 4 p.m. at about 500 yds. a large leopard, in stalking walk at edge brush in grass. Probably came toward oryx carcass or descending vulture. About 20 was in tree or ground near carcass by time we reached it, perhaps 20 min. after shot. Peter went after the leopard but did not get a shot. 18 November 1965. Still raining, so proceeded to Nairobi. Visited A. Hartshorn in vet school (attractive modern buildings), as well as Dr. Mante from Davis, Dr. Udall from Ft. Collins / Dr. Paul Martin from Univ. Calif., at Leakey's lab. 19 November 1965. More visiting. Ticket & inoculator business. 20 November 1965. About 10 rock hyrax in pen at vet school, mr. Dept. Zoology. Sayles (sp.? ) studying them. 21 November 1965. Sunday. Went with Leslie Brown & Alain Delle to visit site crowned eagle, martial eagle, & other nests near Embu. 22 November 1965. Departed Nairobi. Camped nr. Naroga, to south! 23 November 1965. Drive to Chusha. Visited John Owen. Then drive toward Serengeti & camped nr. Ngorongoro. 24 November 1965. To Seronera, Serengeti Park. Camped. 25 November 1965. To Olduvai Gorge. Thence left Ngorongoro and camped nr. Lake Manyara. 26 November 1965. Drove toward Nairobi. Stayed at Hopercroft ranch near Athi River 27-28 November 1965. Stayed at Tigoni primate center near Kenure. On 28 (Sun.) climbed Mt. Longonet & viewed crater. 29-31 November 1965. Fort stayed at Hopercroft ranch (Kenplains). Daw-Thomson gazelles, Grants, griffes, deer, jumping hares.
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C. Koford 36 Journal 1 December 1965 Kenplains Est., ATHI River nr Nairobi, Kenya David Harperft showed us 10 acre + 150 acre pens for holding gazelles. 10 acre 6 in pen had been killed by jackals (?) in i night. Now trying to catch more in big net corral. We saw loose band 30+ giraffe, 4 more than the 25 eland on ranch. David now & more along in proposed study (NSF-sponsored) of tommy's - cattle competition, tho he seems to know little further animal or range, on 3 yrs. $60,000 NSF project (Cornell). 2 December 1965. Departed Nairobi about 4 p.m. on Air India to Bombay. On to Bangkok Dec. 4: 4 December 1965. Arrived Bangkok. Went to end of ICZN meetings at K. Univ. Departed on bus for field trip to Khao Yai Natl Park. Returned to Bangkok on Dec. 6. Heard gibbon calling in park, esp. in morning, but saw none. 7-11 December 1965. Visited Dr. J. T. Marshall at Seato med. res. lab. Also Dr. N. Negus, working on Tupaia and Hylobates reptrod. Saw tupai colony in small cages; about 50 raised so far, some with 7 left in cage (2 nest boxes). Animals larger than the T. glis we have in P.R. from Kuala Lumpur. Visited malaria research stn. at Pue Buddhkot, about 2 hrs. from Bangkok. 15+ gibbons in large cages. No reptrod. yet. Said have succeeded in infecting splenectomized gibbons w/ P. falciparum (several people at stn have had malaria). Small tent & nice small facilities. Visitas + talks with J. L. Harrison, Univ. Singapore, and W. Elliott MacLure, bird man of SE Asia pathology project. 12 December 1965. Visited w. Marshall the open billed stork colony up a river near Bangkok. Some storks mounting; 1 to 3 eggs in some nests; some carry twigs + greenery to nests. Same birds, ideal for obs. Saw 14 monitor near same river.
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C. Koford 37 Journal 13 December 1965 Bangkok, Thailand W. Negus visited animal "farm" run by woman. In smelly yard many wood & wire cages including 200+ mynahs, 500+ finches, howlidle, other birds; lutins, corgs, civets, 200+ stump tailed macaques, 50+ pig tails + rhinos & M. trios, 20+ gibbons, a few langurs, & others. Overcrowded, & a few dead in cages, but much help in cleaning & feeding animals. Many adult tarsiers & pigtales. Most ads. 1 or 2 to small cage. Beats lot buys here + thunder some of better about 50 T upsia in single cage, most hiding under escalina on floor. | On Dec. 11 (Saturday) morning visited market place in Bangkok. Included many live animals for sale: 10+ small gibbon, Presbytis, mouse deer, tree squirrels, Tupasia, flying squirrel, parrots, corsetoors, civets, and others - apparently no restriction on this traffic, & many animals in poor condition. | All Americans say that gibbons taken by killing mother, almost exclusively. | A student, Miss Bertrand (French), studying Macaca speciosa in the field in 5. Their land, in area where they come to feed on rice crops. 14 December 1965. W. Dr. Negus, Peter Merkel, & others, visited island of 200+ acres off coast S. of Pattaya, about 2 1/2 hrs. drive + 3/4 hrs. boat ride. Long sand beaches, coconut lined, & clear blue tropical water or mainland; much level. for tourists & water skiers. Island about 70' high, nearly solidly covered w. shrubs & trees, some to 80'. In boats lod- Delta private center arrangement, hoped to establish colony of gibbons here. I think island suitable, tho a little dry & trees shorter than usual gibbon habitat. About 1/4 mile offshore near Thai naval training school; pleasant area. Many more islands in the general area - single rocks to 1000 acres +. 15 December 1965. In afternoon took train to Chiangmai, arriving
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C. Koford 39 Journal 16 December 1965. Chiangmai, NW Thailand morning, 1030. Visited zoo, where saw species macaques. One chimp-like with reddish antlers back - 24 in cage picked finger in own vagina, then licked finger, an infecting blood. Heard Young, driver, said "wild macaques", found near roads, & had heard they were M. assamensis. He said in one area there were "long tailed chasers" monkeys too. He told of having various times of a large ape in Burma border area, groups up to 21. He had seen track, larger than his footprint, w. chimp-like big toe at side. He had been 14 years in region, knew local country & hill tribes well, tough jungle survival to troops. Said much destruction occurred through hunting; no gibbons now on Doi Suei, when formerly common, or in area where Carpenter studied (in Chiang Dao?). Thought disappearance of animals from hunting rather than deforestation. His son border to move from Bangkok to Chiangmai soon. Heard living set, about 55, w. much love but little scientific knowledge. 1 Chiang mai next to hide with oak-like forest covering, a better zone above apparently. Undeveloped compared w. Bangkok. Five university buildings, the univ. starting 2 yrs. ago. Stayed at heats lab field station near university & zoo. 17 December 1965. Rode up to Wet Setups, about 5500 ft., on Doi Suei. Rain, clouds. Few birds saw. Returned to Chiangmai & train to Bangkok. 18 December 1965. Tried to leave for Australia, but plane overbooked so stranded in Bangkok. Put up at hotel by Porter. 19 December 1965. On eve flew to Singapore, + eve of 20 December 1965 flew to Perth, arriving very early morning. Then rented VW combi. Visited CSIRO at univ (Ney Nederland), and Dr. Serenity, recently back from Mutton bird banding at Boss Street. Spent several days touring to S. of Perth, among giant Eucalyptus m. Pemberton, Cope Leuwelyn (sp.? ). Visited Eric Lodge at ranch.
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Journal December 1965 Australia near Bayup Creek; enthusiastic aviator. Spent night at Dryandra and saw "kangaroo net" manipial. Returned to Perth. Flew to Melbourne & visited Dr. A.J. Marshall at Monash Univ. Then to Canberra, when stayed six days at CSIRO wildlife headquarters. Spent most time with Ken Myers. Took me trip of 3 days to the outback north of Broken Hill (Cobar area) and saw kangaroo, emus, wedge-tailed eagles. We shot rabbits for three one night; all night job to get about 30. Stayed with Geoffrey Sharman in Sydney a few days (he joining U. of NSW). Then flew to Brisbane. Later train to Gladstone, and boat to New Island, when stayed two to three. To Lat. & saw many nesting green turtle, noddy's + shearwaters. Returned to Brisbane, rented car, & drove to Lamington forest near Beira - Berra - a unlike rain forest not really Neotropics, with few Eucalyptus. Rain & cold. Descended to Gold Coast area for beach swimming. Then back to Brisbane & flew January 28 to Hong Kong. Jan. 30 on to Japan, when landed at Osaka.
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Koford 41 Journal 30 January 1966 To Inuyama, Aichi, Japan Arrived Osaka 1405 on Cathay Pacific from Hong Kong, with Ralph, Carla, Kristi. Met by Azuma, Kayano, Kawamura. Taxi to Osaka, & train to Nagoya, local train to Inuyama. Dale Arvey of NSF there. 31 January 1966. With Arvey & Azuma, conferred w. Kawai & others at Japan Monkey Center. 1-3 February 1966. Worked on accounts & work plans at JMC. Still no boat or shack built at Shimabita, yet but at Tokozo and Ko- sheira we're going as planned. Azuma & Kayano had spent Nov, 16-29 in Tsugawa Peninsula area, where latter saw monkeys in area nr. Kanito. No primatology done at Gogyuzan. But nutrition samples collected once in fall at Tokozo, Shimabita, & Kosheira. Kawai had used $1000 advance from me toward construction. Work on Kosheira, where Yazhiba working, so many other things went aside because lack funds. 4 February 1966. To Nagoya & Tokyo by train. Correspondence, office work, shopping to February 8, when departed for Aomori. In Aomori Feb. 9-15, during which rain & snow every day except last. February 16, 1966, to Wakinosawa by train & bus. Then car to end road & walked to Kurodonari in strong cold wind. Azuma reported no field work possible until 15th. He had heard of apparent monkeys N. of Kaijokai valley, & fishermen reported seeing (about 4-5 Feb., 6-7) some on shore about 1 mile N. of Kurodonari twice recently, within 10 days. Monkey nr. Kurodonari occurs in Jan. to 29th. Azuma says last fall Mori spent about 10 days looking for "S. troop" farther north and saw some. Weather instruments read at Kurodonari school since Sept. 1, nearly every day, by schoolboy. Azuma says fishermen say less snow than usual this winter, but 3 1/2 cold snaps Dec-Jan extra
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Koford 42 Journal! 17 February 1966 N. Kusodomari, Komori-Ken, Japan With S. Azuma, walked K. to Kaijorii canyon, up to top of W & back to K. Snow 1-2' in canyon bottom; <1' on ridge. Sked +6° C. 1100, +3° at 1300, Ag. said saw 1 monkey to [illegible] ridge; gone when I arrived. We saw 3 Capricornis red-brow cross, with half-grown young, standing [illegible] distant on open rocky point, looking at us, from them (Azuma photod, 35mm). Photod some of the tree. Capricornis has many dry leaves clinging. Of deer more (tree 24) for analysis; some bark seen prob. by monkeys, on brancher <1" diam. Bare section of 1" diam. trunk of small Pinus Thunbergii, dense wood, shape of cut bark [illegible], prob. monkey work. Also saw barked places, recent, on Kalopanax branches, near ridge; branches ½" to 1" diam. (photod). Took various general notes to show winter state vegetation. Only Cryptomeria, Juniperus (small shrubs), and Thujopsis were green. /Ag. said local employees had been putting monkey provisions on Kusodomari, rather than Kaijorii canyon, so ineffective in keeping monkeys in Kaijorii. / The big trap now complete; brought to food shed area but no wire at ends, & new plywood door swelled tight shut. / Wind today from NE, very [illegible] shore water not rough, & could have looked for monkeys from boat. / Stayed Kusodomari for night. 18 February 1966. Hiked to Kusodomari & took boat to Aomoi, arriving about 1200. Stayed at Sei Yo So (ryokan). 21 February 1966. With S. Azuma (+ wife) took 0920 train to Moriyama on Tsurugane Benin. Visited Forestry office. They sent
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Journal 21 February 1966 Tsugaru Pen, Nihonshi. up by jeep to Minami-moto, forest station nr. Moshawa; it to 5. about 1' snow there. Up canyon & saw some [illegible] then saw no sign monkeys. Azuma sa: 'now reported' a few time in canyon NW of Minami station. 22 February 1966. Walked 2.4 km. up road along Nishi-mo area to experiment station, which not manned now. Thence 5. up canyon walked last summer for about 2 km. in snow or slis. No monkey sign. Cameved evening & colder, so returned to Minami about 2 p.m. Azuma had questiond people & said loggers said head monkey was this winter up Minami-moto. So, no leads on location monkeys. At Minumaya said some reports of N. area last October, when Azuma last here at Minumaya. 23 February 1966. Light snow all night. Skied down to Minumaya on road, 4.6 km. Train to Aomori. Toak 2020 train for Sendai 24 February 1966. Tate from Sendai to Shinomaki (2500 yen). Then 0920 boat to Kurayan. Cold but few clouds. Walked 5. along W. slopes of island, then back N. on ridge, & W. in vicinity hotel. No sign monkeys, tho possibly heard once. Stayed at the njyoba, at the shrine. Girl or staff there said 4 monkeys nr. Shrine on Feb. 8. There were now 4 in cage (8' sq.), 1 old & on chain, 1 free ad. or in vicinity of shrine. 25 February 1966. Warmer in morning; wind stronger. Hiked up canyon to E. of shrine & saw at least 8 monkeys near ridge. Deer - a group of 40+, many w. antlers sawed off, fed daily nr. shrine. Coats rough & ugly, & animals fat. Away from shrine some antlers broken, some w. 4" spikes. Conspicuous dark white
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Journal 25 February 1966 Kinkazan, Miyagi-Ken, Japan hair of man excited in alarm, & also hair of lots of metatarsal gland. Saw 1gp. of 3 pt. buck w/ 2 spiked bucks. Japanese say when deer is lured of Ardea (spiny buck), antlers fall (March ?). / Mr. Akazawa dog interested in monkey & rubs water at shrine, away at present. Crows common & noisy. Scil species sparsous seen, 1 a green woodpecker. Apparently no squirrels here. Saw av litter; cons ants, 26 February 1966. (Stayed at shin nyogan last nite). Offred for non- days & encountered groups near ridge just N + NW of road. Saw at least 8 (see M. fuse, noted). Returned to Shinmori & Sendai, where visit- ed Dr. Schlangen (vc Ruinide, geologist) 26 February 1966. Sendai - stayed at F nyogan. 26 February 1966. Arjuna visited Takabuku Oni. (Dr. Kato in Sendai). to Tokyo, & next mornig (Feb. 28) took train to Kazusamerito M. Naito and took to Tokagoyana. Mr. Naito, USIS photographer, accompa anied me. Visited Dr. Muira & gp. 5, now caged in large enclosure but still 10+ (all 77 sawe 1 ad 4) outside. Dr. Kawamura & N. Kayama also with me. Band in pen had 3ad. 777, many f & m young. Most trees in enclosure dead & bark stripped. upper party the conifer in (some pines larked). good condition. Tall bamboo green leaves. Monkeys seem well fed & healthy. Leader had split R ear, red- faced. Muira said about 79 inside, & occas. one comes in over fence, about 10 wires mesh w. electric wire top"]. Cage closed Oct. 1, 1965. Kayama arrived for studies Oct. 8. K. had recently collected sample vegetation & started to dry them. An NHK television man made brief film also visited area of troop A, where Kayama working mostly. of monkeys, Kayama, Kawamura, me. Returned to Shinra village. 1 March 20 Feb. 1966. With Kayama & Kawamura searched for least known part of band A, now said to be split into 3 groups.
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Koford 45 Journal 1 March 28 February 1966 Takago area; to Tokyo, Japan Local woodcutter told of seeing group_x in area where no monkeys before the group split. Area about 4 km. N. of gp. A feeding area. Area of deciduous trees & shrubs, but some grass & forbs (Plantago) green, & area of crop fields green. Also grew bamboo, peirer, cryptomeria. Some bucker w. new leaves. Some plums (?) in blossom. 5/10 overcast; warm. Apparently warmer & veg. growth more advanced in growth than Kindayan. Back to Tokyo. 2-4 March 1966. In Tokyo. Correspondence, acts, shopping. Then train to Aomori, arriving morning Mar. 5. Then to Wakinosawa and Kussionari Mar. 6, Sunday. Snow gone with warm rains except for new patches. Visited Kaizaki & saw monkey group, apparently intact. Windy & near freezing. (SA2. camera; 35 mm Kodakhome) 7 March 1966 Observed & photographed monkeys in Kaizaki canyon. One shrub, Namamelis (spell?), with large yellow flowers some bucker. Some low evergreen shrubs (Azuraraeps sikimia) on ridge apparently evergreen, w. red berries. On ridge W. of Kaizaki canyon, leafless branches of Quercus toth maba morgelia bark eaten ~~~~~~~~ , as if by mammal smaller than monkeys. Under melted snow patches, remains as of vole or shrew. Also found monkey near feeding station fed things (searched east to N. in forest but saw no more on 10 March) apples, soy beans, wheat, & peanuts on 8,9,10 March. To Wakinosawa 11 March 1966 To meet Dale Arney of NSF, Tokyo, with photographer (M. Naito) and USIS writer. Clear day with view of Hakukoda & Suohi mts; perhaps finest day of year, tho windy on sea. 12 March 1966 To Wakinosawa, & lay train to Aomori. Then on 13 Mar. to Sendai, where stayed 14-21. Looked for housing. yoshioka Visited Drs. Koto, Ishii, that Yoshioka in biology dept. Met grad student Ke Ogawara, w/ population studies, who will help me at Kinbazan. Dray until 16, then rain/sandy morning.
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Koford T6 Journal 10 March 1966 Coast N. Kusanomari, Shimokita, Japan In 1½ hr boat trip along coast No. of Kusanomari; saw harlequin ducks, mergansers, gulls, hiter, comorants, auks or puffins, and a white-tailed sea eagle. 22 March 12 Mo 1966. With K Ogawara & Boff Kford to Kinugan. Windy & overcast. Rained steadily all afternoon; no field work. 23 March 1966. Alt's status, calm. Examined vegetation for signs of spring - nothing notable yet in natural veg., but plums in blossom near shrine, + daffodile, + an evergreen shrub w. rose red flowers. Hiked around from 5700 to 1630. First to summit & N. along ridge. Descent shrine, back to summit. Via E. side trail to lighthouse, when got weather info. Then to forest shack. Saw 10+ monkeys about noon, but lost them. Deer still have antlers. Birds seen: Surnulus glandarius, Corvus leucillanti + crow, Chalcocorus capilatus (2) and A. pelagicus, Dryobates higuki (in pair), Moteilla grandis, Bitta europae (K only), Aegithalos caudatus, Parus varius, Pmegor, & P. ater, Chloris sinica (florets 30+ on ground), Passer montorus, Milvus migrans Larus, or Pandion? 24 March 1966. Windy + some ice but clear. To shrine, thence E to ridge & N. on crest but did not find monkey troops. Back S. past summit, thence to shrine & took 1350 boat for Shibonaki. Saw 2 ads. above shrine (solitary ->?). Saw + photographed later, prol. by monkeys. There are few field droppings on trails. (fox/badger?) occasionally, tho no canine tracks noted. No sign of little or squirrel. Saw 1 lizard, & small mole-like mounds & passages reveal places. 26 March 1966. To Tokyo via train. Confered with Dr. Avery, NSF.
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Koford 47 Journal 28-30 March 1966 Tokyo; To Sendai, Japan Walked on arcto., noted photos NSF 5-yr. report writing. Returned to Tokyo met Prof. Norlett and To Sendai via train in evening/Dr. Imaizumi. 31 March 1966. Confessed w. Ko Ogasawara, Telephoned Terada on Kirihazan - he arrived Sendai Apr.1 eve, & we confessed morning of 2 April. He had seen at least 30 monkeys in Kirihazan gps. 4 April 1966. Monday. Train to Ishiimieli, boat to Kirihazan, w. M. Terada, student from Osaka. Arrived noon. Walked canyons to SE of summit, then N. ridge, but found no troop. Rain evening. 5 April 1966. Some frozen ground; cold wind but few clouds. We searched separately. I saw 1 and he 5 on slope SW of summit, but we found no large troop./deer - some groups 3-4 mil. yearlings. Once 2雄鹿 together. One gp. 6 den in grassland. Another still present, hard; start of rut? Found carvan tracks about 200 m. buck NE of Frost Colin. Bears must not be in spring (as in U.S.). /Plants - the low common red-stemmed shrub has leaves to 2 cm. in sheltered places at 100 m. level; no leaves atop N. ridge. Pariperae n. Dr. Yoshioka, sci. names Hokk Univ. Frost Colin has elongated terminal buds, to 1 cm. - no life apparent chetnut, in linden branch, Belhors, walnut. Alnus at botal level, buds fresh & plump but no leaves. Prunus tree - buds elongated about 50% on lizards bud scale, in Frost Colin. For flats n.e. streams in shade Veratrum japonicum or E. sleyer shrunk colloges to 20 cm. (many). And near 2 Erythronum japonicum leaves of "katakuri"(6 pointed gold star flower) frequent. So still only the barest beginnings of spring foliage. A Rose (?)shrub = Rosa multiflora with comp. leaves 2-3cm.; + another shrub with four long spines also stands in Frost Colin. 14 April 1965. With S. Azuma, to Kirihazan, arriving 1130.
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Koford 48 Journal 15 14 April 1966 Kinkazan 13, Miyagi-Ken Japan Alnus clausa. Plerology - M. Shirai, cherries in full bloom, + 5% new leaves on old tree. Hotel road (100m), Viburnum erosum buds just bunting. On main ridge, 3-400 m, Quercus mongolica buds turgid but not elongated (main big oak on island; few Q. serrata). Zelkova, Fagus, buds not elongated, nor Castanea, Juglans. Carpinus Tschon. buds pale + to 2 cm long; slow but early start. Alnus tree (hiruta?) w. stolon & cathin (dry) along shrine - hotel road had leaves 2-3 cm. long, + an Alnus tinctoria shrub had 3 cm. long leafs too. Leucothoe m. Forest Colin, leaves to 3 cm. (but buds <1 cm. on N. ridge top). Aralia elata - new buds tips, 3 cm (eaten by men). One of shrubs on E. ridge m [illegible] with bark eaten = Fraxinus sieboldiana (velvete buds); no budding yet. Azuma thinks other much eaten shrub there is a euphorb. Common on E. slope, judged by old dry leaves, as Acer diabolicum, Acer palmatum, and Kalopanax pictifolius (Araliasae; young leaves still said Dr. Yosh- deer-ioka). He said Acer mono rare on Kinkazan. / Deer - Tensho found a shed antler; I saw much w. only one to cm. antler, + found 2 shed antler Apr. 16. I saw a 6" spike w. 2 ?? and a yearling. Also a spike older limb together; a crow stood on back of snubler, while showed no alarm when crow flew off. / M. Terada had been looking for makeup daily & thought them somewhat tame toward him. On basis also one day, he now thinks 2 groups of 34+; as he saw one gp. above hotel & later a gp. to W. of ridge 1 km. farther S. Also he says a gp. of 30707 + 2 solitary males, some- an femin in Shirai - Hotel area. He had seen the infant again too. / Of the 4 in cage at main shrine, big or right ear C; other ?? (?) M.fuscota
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Koford 49 Journal 16 April 1966 Sunday Kinkazan Is, Miyagi-ken, Japan With Azuma & Teroda hiked over area W. of S. Ridge, then to Top ridge & look N. Saw a few members one group morpup. Rain to 11a.m. Late afternoon I to summit + N. ridge but saw none. I think 2 large birds monkeys improbable. / also see M. furcata / notes for 15 April. / 17 April 1966. Collected Fagus tree & bud sample at 400m, Ridge. //1/10 cumulus today. I spent 5 hrs. searching for monkey troop, without success. // The greenish iridescent Geotrupes (aureus or osimannus) living better now common on trails, tho I saw none rolling dung. Boat to Karui. 21 April 1966. Took train Sendai to Aomori, & stayed overnight. 22 April 1966. Boat to Wakinosawa; windy from SW. Hiked to Kuro - dorou and Kaijaki canyon. Met S. Azuma there; he had not seen monkeys today. Common vegetation + phenology. Fagus buds breaking! 23 April 1966. Examined plants; no monkeys came to Kaijaki. Windy. Saw one woodcock in Kaijaki canyon. Set 5 traps for rats in forest. 24 April 1966. Min. 6°C in Kaijaki shock. Wind stopped, but over sprinkle. No monkeys to Kaijaki by 0730. Traps took 2 Apodemus speciosus. Confirmed Azuma - he got no precip. records for Nov. thru Feb.! Hiked to Wakinosawa. Bus to Aomori, train to Sendai. 25 -26 April 1966. Train+boat to Kinkazan. Foggy, windy. Teroda said now 2 infants of monkey. Hiked 4 hrs. but saw none. 27 April 1966. With Tenda found & watched monkey group near main ridge. Clearing + wind dying morning. At least 2 rips, possibly 3. Fagus not yet w. burnt buds - behind time at Kaijaki! Oak, Acer palmatum, Carpinus, Juglans, in state similar to Kaijaki. Anolis was adv. at Kinkazan. See M. furcata notes for phenology details. / Crows - saw 2 carrying 12" stick in bill, as if starting nest. Deer - groups 4-6 doe w. fawns + yearlings. ```grooms.
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Koford 50 Jarrnd! 27 April 1966 Japan Kinkazan, Miyagi-ken common. At shrine one or w. 10cm new velvety antlers w. forks. But away from there, saw 2 w., both antlers bald & 2-3 points. Saw a blue backed (tanager?) in beech forest. Saw legs out now; saw 2 snakes (colubris?) about 4' long, one frog (3 cm C-R; Nyctid?), other insects besides Geotrupes. / Lower part of Pillar canyon, about 50 M.; apparent A. palmatum w. looks to 2 cm but closed. About 100M., some, apparently, w. 4cm. leaf blades, & some Carpinus w. well-formed leaves to 7cm on small tree (other sp. of C.?); Perhaps canyon warm or narrow & rather rocky, a refuge for monkeys in winter. /28 April, Prof. Toshioka helped identify plants at Sendai. 29 April 1966. To Tokyo to catch up on accounts, correspondence. 4 May 1966. Train & taxi to Seiwa-mura, Chiba-ken, where met Kayama and inspected progress. 3 infants born March [illegible] of about 25 g? Veget. level ahead of Kinkazan. Copied weather data at Mishima. 6 May 1966. Again to Seiwa, with Prof. Nishida of Chiba Univ., who was an energetic field man, specialist in ferns, well acquainted with Takao flora. Returned to Tokyo. 12 14 May 1966. Train back to Sendai, Miyagi-ken. 13 12 May 1966. To Kinkazan, alone. Checked phenology. Saw but Deer 2 single monkeys. No fog or rain. Found freshly shed antlers, but saw deer with forked horns, another with 10cm. spike atop barrel shaped [illegible]. Chenal - oak Quercus, Acer, Magnolia, Zelkova, Carpinus, & most Fagus now leafed out, the same Carpinus & Fagus still in leafbud. Flower tendrils on Juglans. Conspicuous clumps pink Rhododendron in flower. 14 13 May 1966. Wished around, & saw but 2 single or monkeys.
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Koford 51 Journal '4 +3 May 1966 Kinkazan Is, Miyagi-ken, Japan. Collected plant spec. Heard cuckoo grouse (?) hooting; saw flycatcher - new variety small birds than before. Frog voice common in stream (fresh water eels due too). Unsuccessful thresher in trapping moles (2 traps only). Back to Sendai. 16th: 0630 Colin Pass, -> summit -> Mt. Shinie 0820 -> summit 0850 -> Hozan pillar 0945 -> Colin Pass 1130 -> dock 1330. / Chris station; 10 lit NE wind. 17 May 1966 To Kinkazan With Ko Ogasawara and Dr. Yoshida, to Kinkazan. Dr. Yoshida helped identify plants. They returned to Sendai. Left + I stayed overnight (S of Colin Pass). Found seal markings area of S ridge, espec. W side near top. 18 '98 May 1966 Left Kinkazan 1400; returned to Sendai. / Deer - I saw one gop. on S ridge main peak with 3 faked horns (head), 1 10 cm spike, 3 deer (at least 1 seq.), 1 yearling = 8. Doe meant me gave "deja" call, opening mouth, & took high slow steps -> me, repeating whistly call. Another plain saw faked horn + doe. Mr. Noshiyama saw buck in velvet, w. 10 cm. antlers. The fat one sitting on hotel lawn also in velvet, w. fakes, antlers to 20 cm. As well fed ones in velvet; wild w. had old antlers. Deer food - heavily browsed is Rhododendron haempferi, V. erosa var. leucotae & gantophylion not browsed appearance. Stunted Fagus, some w. browse, some still dead, to 30 cm. tall on N ridge in Leucothoe. / at one site in coniferous woods (10 m tree) saw 8 crows, some on ground, fairly tame (open. to 10 m.) bear? 23 May 1966. Train Sendai to Tokyo. Office work. 25 May 1966. Train to Kisarazu, taxi to Saino, where met Kayama. We visited troops 5 at Tokogoyama, where 10 rifs. low to date. Then to Kamogawa. 26 May train to Tokyo, Nagoya, Imuyama. And on 27 May conferred with M. Kawai at JMC. Then to Nagoya
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Koford 52 Journal 27 May 1966 and Kyoto, where conferred w/ Mr. Suzuki, Sugiyama, Miyoshi, Itani at Univ. Then on train to Kosho. Furuya joins me. 28 May 1966. Arrived Miyazaki 1345. Bus to Kojima, arriving 1645. Short visit to island w/ R. Yoshida. In Troop of 59, one birth so far. Both seem a little early this yr. at said localities, apparently. Some on Koshoima w/ crow nestled. 29 May 1966. With Furuya by taxi to Toimiseki, but did not find monkeys. Rain and wind early morning. Returned to Koshima and again to island. The concrete lab building on island first complete now. / S.A. reported birth Koizaki gpo. 5 May 20 (4 Tons). 30 May 1966. Short visit to island. Then bus from Kosh town Tokyo where arrived 31 May. Evening, on to Sendai. 24-5 May Half overnight at Kirihoya. Heard monkeys 5. Miyagawa but saw none. To. Kikazara, Miyagi Prof. 7 June 1966. After days overcast, foggy, drizzle, clearing. Leaves fell. Magnolia and Camus in conspicuous flower. Phodendron haemepfi blossoms mostly gone, while B. japonica in bloom. I saw 10 monkeys, but not whole troop (so few mins), including infant. Eating leaves Symplexis and Berberis. 9 June 1966. Another fine day, but found rommelge by noon. Returned to Sendai. 10 June 1966. To Tokyo to confer w/ NSF, Ajumo, and JMA (meteorology). Returned to Sendai. Most days overcast now, but cool.
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Journal 7-8 June 1966 Kinkazan ls. Dozens of black (+ occas. yellow) swallowtail butterflies, at Rhodod. Decempferi shrubs (fading flowers). Saw swallows (no more illur) and black swifts over higher parts island. Also 2 ospreys Deer-- in same area (S. & E. of Colim Pass), both days. Deer - at velvet (turning yellowish) Hotel on lawn, eating garbage, antlers to 3 prongs + 50 cm. some higher on slopes with shorter new antlers. But saw 2 with freshly shed antler stubs on ridge (250-350m.), and 2 spikes w. old bad antlers about 10 cm. No fawns. On ridge, some seem to have melted sides, the shoulder hair old. Two bucks together. One buck, w. stumpers, w. 5 unantlered on ridge. To Tokyo and Inuyama, when stayed at Furoshuku about 10 days. Departed for Honolulu from Tokyo about June 26, & to San Francisco June 29, 1966. In Inu- yama, mostly gathering weather, liths, and vegetational information, preparing plant specimens and associated data, getting Kayawa &. Azuma to assemble labeled set of photo prints. N.S.F. project in Japan continued to Dec. 31. So Data sent to me in Calif. END
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Koford, C. B. catalogue 1965 #3000-02 Uganda
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Koford Specimen Catalog 1965 Kigami Tea Estate, kmE. km.5.Ft.Portal, Toro Uganda, E.Africa ascanius 3000 07 Cercopithecus mititans Shot by wm. Pridham on ground eating crops. Broken calcarium. 29 Aug. 24 Aug. 3001 3000 13 Km. E. 5 km. S. Ft.Portal, Toro, Uganda, E. Africa. 4700 ft, Red.br.nose. 07 t.27x13. Mouse 340-191-31-19,19 gms. Daylight, 5' above ground in rockslide bushes, in Kibale Forest. Toro Game Preserve, 1 Sept. Semliki Plains, 18mi.N. 6 mi.E. Ft.Portal, Toro Uganda. 3002 07 t.5 mm. Barbet. stuffed w. paper. [Pridham's turnoff] 5 Sept. Kibale Forest, 7mi.E. 3 mi.S. Ft.Portal, Toro, Uganda (KAK measured) KAK No.1 07. t17x9. Dark mouse. 145-97-27-16, 41 gms. [Kristi A. Koford] CMK No.1 Forest floor in disturbed second growth, near edge; dark, damp, Meas. by Carla K. 14 Sept. 07 t.16x10. Large sand mouse. 343-183-41-27,100gm. Donated to Zool. Dept. Makerere (or Delany)> 3037 - then Peru, July-sept. 1968
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Koford, C.B Species Accounts Primate Studies 1965-1966 Japan India Uganda
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Koford 1965 NSF Project. In Japan 21 June - 1 Aug. 1965 30 Jan. - 24th June 1966. Macaca fuscata (N. Honshu) Kusodamari, Shimakita, Japan. 23 June 1965 About 2 p.m. walked up wooded valley of K., right N. of Kusodamari turn, with S. Azuma + C. Nagel. Beans in small plate near bottom. Newly cut trail. About ½ mile up came to 6 x 10 shade in shade large Thujopsis or Cryptomeria tree, + then met Masaro Otake of JMC. Some monkeys feeding from flat box of wheat, + others nearby. Some ad-7 Medialanturia crowns of 6 four conspicuously molted. Saw 8 at once, including 2 ad. 7+, + 2 ?? w. infants. One letter within 20' plus at turnin, + 07 charged near me (6-8') when I tried to eat apple. | tree in canyon: Thujopsas, Camus, Acer, Fagus, Prunus, Chestnut, other. Some chestnut in flower. Big tree to 60' or +. | One 3-yr 7-funties, law, with patch lost loin side; only one in poor condition. / Azuma said now: 07 Ad. 2 4-5 3 2 1 1st. 2 2 3 10 23 total. ? 6 3 0 2 2 13 Saw 10 + 3 ufs. at once within 20 yd. space + within 20 yds. shrewers. Azuma said local people started feed last Oct. He came May 20 + found fairly tame. Since June 13 provisioned regularly this site. One ad. lack 2/3 molted. Only now started to accept wheat. (Food mainly gave, + Az. worried that might start to eat crops.) Az. says they strip Cryptomeria bark; that eat conifer, winter. | We walked upstream & N. slope into shaded forest with little undergrowth to tops of ridge, when Az. thought might provision. He had previously seen & fed monkeys there, about 2 mile from + 500' above down feeding site. Prod. trail could be built. | We suggested building cross feeder for feeding, installation within instruments, + enlarging small house for sleeping. crops sea O proor May
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Macaque fuscata 2 1 July 1965. Koshima, Kyushu, Japan Ko K. Yoshida says monkeys on Shodoshima breed early, & also two groups transplanted from them to N. & E.; indicates same genetic basis? - or carry over of early cycles, which might get later in time. Koshima - 18 mature ff; 3 born so far. First birth to highest ranked f. (no yrings, so all info. died last yr. (log ? killed); only one baby found). Cooler this summer than usual. Once a monkey, ad.07, to wander it returned opposite; 4 yrs. later back to island. Largest ff about 12 log. (weigh d by fishing a scale). Stunted - some ad. ff have pelvis permanently slanted down posteriorly; 2 yr. olds only about 6 lbs. Fed by scattering grain (+ other) on ground, where males eat sand as well. Gave a barley + pea mixture today; much crunching & not greatly relished. On island about 1:30 p.m., & soon 17 monkeys near me, very tame + slow. Long legged & slow moving compared to C.S. shrews. Hair darker & shorter than at Shimolita. But stage molt similar - many with medial anterior crown molted. One said to be 6 yrs. old lost at 10 to 12 lbs. Breed season similar to Takasaki, perhaps slightly later, tho T. anamala have better nutrition. Some molted forearms & scapular area too. Saw me eat yellow soil 10' above sea level. Y. said at Takasaki eat soil in 2 places + like certain rocks! 2 July 1965. Takasaki, Yamag At Takasaki about 5:20 p.m. Dirty run down appearance; a few monkeys nearby to R.R. trail on road. Yoshida said now 3 bands of about 42 - 180-720. Last gp. formed 1963. Last good census & 2 (marked w. point). Info. now larger than at Koshima. Some ad. ff. molting of smallest gp crown, as at K. about 50 feeding; Y. said there peripheral members; park closed for day. Shodoshima, of Okayama, Japan 3 July 1965. See notes in Journal re Shodoshima monkeys.
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Koford Macaca fuscata 3 July 1965. Shodo shima Mr. Takao said fed about 30 liters wheat a day, + 40 kg sweet potatoe. (I est. 10 ttt lbs. for 250, which is bt). If weather fine much, give no food; none on Sundays. Takao said no regular winter sta. on island. Takao said some ? had 2 deformed babies, lacking hand & foot; another one lacked little finger. Teratium. | of 47 born last yr, 42 surviving, said Takao. Y. says counts sent to JMC regularly. Small gp. wait at distance while large feeds, T. said. | At ft. of "rape way" of Kankake, we saw another group, but no regular program feeding or study. Station mgr. fed for people. He thought about 150, + about 15 inf's. When food put out, I saw about 80, incl. 8 inf's. Large + in good condition. Apparently birth season similar to better fed gp. | Makay had been in "park" upslope, but ran out of money, so unmanaged made now by feminine station. No molt apparent in most; a few & 4 still molting. Occrs. 2-3 yr. 07 has pink sex skin above neck. Adulterine Occrs. 2 & box "vulnerable" red sex skin, w. ggs, from clavicle to clavicle "----". Neither seen on C. S. makay. | I saw 2-3 & 4/10 inf's. | Another unfed gp. said to be near NE peninsula of island. 4 July 1965. Gagusan, nr. Takahashi Slope about 200 yds. above RR tracks, 500' above level river. Flat area for makayup, food, 2-3 rock walls w. various traces for makay feeding, + shaded benches for people. Clean & orderly, with interested energetic lenser. About 180 said to be in gp., + another unfed group in forest upslope. A third gp. had been removed, almost entirely, to Shibu nr. Taley's. Makays large, pelage good, + many teeth same + bothersome. Molt in progress; marring. then C. S. cheeks. Some on ant. medial crown only. 07/molted crowns, forearms, mid. back; 072 similar. But we said to be sub.
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Macaca fuscata 4 July 1965 Gagiyasu, nr. Takakoshi, Henshu slightly 5, w. upper parts 9/10 molted. Molt behind time of M. fusca, + births later. Births: 1964, 10 Apr. to 25 May. 1965, 20 April stud + 2 still pregnant, Deepen said. (Fumya has been observing her.) 30 born so far this yr. Feeding soy beans + wheat. About 75 x 100 yds. slope cut flat; another 100-200 yds. upslope more grown up, + large forested area above. A clear 10 x 20' pool for monkey play & drinking. Some isolated large red walnuts (light green terminal leaves) and persim. I studied her about 6 years. Clear path some 500' or so. | K.Y. said that when part of a group caught, rest did not join another gp. (but in P. entellus in India, when ad. male removed, rest of gp. joined another. | Y. said this year 3 born lacking finger or toe. Journal! (Pg. Osaka City un.) 7 July 1965. Student fr. Osaka, Mr. Koyama, will accompany me to Takagoyama + Kikuzan next week: Yoshida said gps. of about 140 and 80 there, plus 3 unprovivined troops. Toyotokuda has observed there. Birth season not studied. | Kawai says 97 with info. molt later than other. But no one has parti- cularly noted or studied molt in M. fuscata. | Fumya apparently did not notice birth season M. iris or islet (Nogoya Bay) had become progressively earlier, 1961 to 1965; lumped freq. indeed year round births w. 2 peaks. Yoshida said M. cyclopis seasonal births in second islet, Papio year round on third. 8 July 1965. Shopping for eqpt. Nogoya; train to Tokyo afternoon. 9 July 1965. Visited NSF office; still no NSF funds or word of them. Shopping & office work. also July 10, 11. Azuma + Koyama arr. well. 12 July 1965. NSF office for mail. Departed 11:30 train for Chiba city + Kazusaminato with Naoki KOYAMA, Osaka grad. student.
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5 Macaca fuscata 14 July 1965 Kusodomari, Shimokita, Japan 1520, shock in K. canyon, 9 monkeys plus 3 inf.; 1 one ad. ? still w/o inf. (1 mm. white spot R cheek; scratch R nipple; mod. age); she lost yr. ? (crown melted) which seemed to try to suck, + she pushed it away; saw (Somet. fed alongs. adult ?) sewl x. ? loudly stated ant. crown melt. | Apparently oldest ad. ?, w. inf.; slight melt crown + new patch lower (+ 2 small punctures), thin fur chest, R ear Enotch. | Adyrl, w. both 1/2 melted, held and handled inf. / a ? 3-4, back 8/10 melted, with crest on crown. | adult ?, back melt 9/10. / ? w. or inf., melted crown, forearms, + sacral. / ? w. inf., crown melt just started. / ? 3 (?) yrs, back 8/10 melted; ss. above isd. coll. bright pink. | One ? had inf. + yel. with her. / ? w. rgt. ? inf., crown melt just started. / Yrl. ? w. crown melted. / Inf. climbed on back of 3 (?) yr. old & rode it as if willingly. / About 12 seen at once, incl. only 1 ad. ? and 5 ad. ? ?. ?? left a few at a time, walking up(?) slope to N. of stream. at 4:49, rather dark in shade of Thujaopsis in canyon bottom; ? remaining incl. ? w. inf. + 2 (?) yr. old, her crown + forearms melted; incl. 3 yrs. + younger one feeding in loger, the peanuts prob. exhausted. I left & returned 5:15; all gone, but heard me call on slope to N. / Trees: some Cryptomeria, prob. planted. Hippocastanum w. ? fruits on stalks [illegible]; seed tree thus. Elderberry bushes w. 2-3 mm. red berries, canyon bottom. Juglans (?) , foot-long hanging strings seeds (?); comp. leaf. 15 July 1965 Been after midnight; no markings at feeding area by 7 a.m. Left; re- turned 4:15; none, but came about 5:10. By 5:30 at least 10, incl. 3 ad. ? ?. | See Journal 15 July. 16 July 1965. Head night, + 7 a.m (sec Journal). Left; returned 1510 + withed group. All 4 inf.s played together in groups. Identified
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6 Macaca fuscata 16 July 1965 16, incl. only: 1ad.♂, 5ad.♀, ♂3, ♀3, ♀2, 3grl., 4inf. (2♂2♀). 1ad. carrier tail! carrier tail white curved forward against back. /saw at least 12 others, not incl. infants. // about 9:30 a.m. woman said saw an [17 July 1965. Put food 7 a.m., but none took it by 1140. Azama said saw a Kurodomari side ridge in morning. /Kurodo. side; about 3 p.m. crested ♂3-4y. + other maleslope by buildings at north canyon. \ Food untouched at feeding area; \ blue police whistle + put more; monkeys came in 1/4hr. Weirdy. Departed. 19 July 1965. About noon set up wooden creep feeder at provisioning site. No monkey came until about 5 p.m., when semi(?)solitary mole came & fed watchfully. Anterior scrotum redaly distal buff+pink, less red than ♂w. hand. Still Azama that 8-10 yrs.old. He said formerly with theband on no.2 mole. This one climbed 20'up Thyopsis - Juglans tree & stayed there all night. 20 July 1965. About 7a.m. ♂descended & fed a bit, then left. No other came by 9a.m. when I left. /In mid afternoon returned & found nearly all food gone, including the grain + soybeans in wooden food hopper. No other came by late. Melt slightly behind stage of other male; many long hair lateral thighs. Male watchful nervous. / Azama's count: Age ♂ ♀ ad. 20+ 1 (5+) 6 10± 1 4 1 0 3 0 3 2 1 0 looks like 1yr. 1 2 1 incl. (1 sex?) Inf. 2 3 incl. = 21 total. (1 sex?)
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Macaca fuscata 24 Feb. 1966 Kinkazan, Miyagi, Japan Cold (m.0°C.); few clouds; mod. wind. Left shrine area 12:45, walked to forest dept. but. Many Juglans nuts on ground, buds of Castanea, buds of Fagus. Alnus has attacked reddish catkins & strobiles. W ascended main ridge after shifting SW side trail small over, returning a low to forest dept. Saw no monkeys, tho possibly heard 500 m. SE summitance. Conifers green; moss on ground green, & rare clump short bamboo. Rhododendron (?) bush had + mmn. tiny green leaves a shoot (1-2') bud w. red tips common on slopes & evidently now cropped by the deer. ) Fort patrolman here 1 month said saw male, only once - 10 few near his hut but he seldom to E. side ridge. 25 Feb. 1966. Wanner; ci-stilne; no wind: about 10 am walked up canyon behind (E. of) main shrine > ridge & at 10:45 saw 2 monkeys on ground about 100 yds. W. of fence (a ridge), appar. od. 9 + 7 yr. 9. They 50 yds. apart. Moved slowly. Pecked in leaves & pushed leaves down as if searching for food. Heard monkey screams 100 yds. NE of them from saw 2 mac on ground, 75 yds. apart. Walked slowly; pecked in leaves under thick w. pears. Then saw cat fence. One stood on hindlegs to look at us. One atop 5' fence (ripe). A crow on fence flew at a walking monkey to 2', turned quickly away. Ayawa said he glimpsed an "infant," & saw 07 w. food limping heavily (Ralf also saw it.) I saw apparent Oest. 4 yrs., & est. 3 yrs. Two crows flew at one; we looked closely making so if to get food unsecured, & monkey hurried away. The monkeys in the gp.; Ayawa thought all 07-07 - one larger than other. One of smaller mounted the other; repeated - and saw scot twins more in (10 min, perhaps not always both, same 2. We went to summit nuts, then down ridge to S. of monkeys. I then saw
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Macaca fuscata 25 February 1966 Kinkazan, Miyagi-ken, Japan. 5 at once, incl. 2 growing pairs & one ad. ? (red faced; appeared pregnant). Walked towards throst at about 100 yds distance they started off a few at a time, walking slowly. Three more came up to ridge top from W., one being ad. ?, offt one a ? w. a juv, or juv. The jius. estim. 2 and 3 yrs. old. So at least 8 here, not incl. a limping ad. ?. They went to canyon bottom & then too left appeared uphill atop main ridge NW. fence, walking N.; shiwa one into 20' up; one sat atop boulder. We departed to Okama. Azuma collected some droppings. Also piece of shrub appear. bel eaten, appe. by monkeys - Azuma said it was Isobebeion obovatium (Euphorbiaceae); about 2 cm. diameter, trunk 10' tall. In all about 10 mounteins seen. Once heard
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Koford 9 Macaca fuscata 28 February 1966 Takayoyama, Chiba-Ken, Japan ad & bleeding as if from vagina. No molt apparent. Two troop said (by N.Kayama) to have formerly been No.1. Fed lentils( or soy?) beans. Many acorns on ground - apparently fed to monkeys earlier but not relished. Two males with popillona on lips(on Cayo Santiago only??). N K said news said first birth about April 21 last year (K does not think (K counted) now entirely true Mr. M's count or there were more young in grp. 5 than we said to be born. On basis copulation do. Oct. 17 by NK, expect first births about April 1. /the grp. A feeding area, marked tree under study by K. are: Quatanopsis cuspidata, Viburnum crosso, Q. serota, Prunus sargentii, + Machilus thunbergii 7 March 1966, About 1530 I arrived feeding area in Kaizakri canyon. Some grain available & a few monkey tracks on snow patch nearby. But no food. (During winter local people tried to put food, but often put in Kusodonomi canyon rather than at feeding area in Kaizakri, said S.A.). Soon monkey group came, including 5 yearlings and both adult males - apparently no loss since last July ! (Ayana departed December & returned several days ago but had not seen monkeys in Kaizakri, tho in Kusodonomi canyon Nov. 5 or 6.) Nutsu (male #2) often threatened me to 6'. Two 5yr (born '65) sat by an ad. ? at 2 sites. Growing common. Ate soy beans avidly. Ayana said saw eating Acers mono buds, over 100 in 1/2 hr., in Kaizakri canyon. Tree 2A (A. mono) showed no apparent growth buds. Ay. thought 1A (juglandaceae) had shed bud scales. 10A (Hamamelis?) had 2 flowers (Mar. 8); some nearly had dozens flowers - first sign of spring in shrubs! Shot bamboo, leaves worth grow,
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Koford 10 Macaca fuscata 7 March 1966 Kaizaki canyon, Shimokita-gun, Japan Windy & about 0°c midday. To Kaizaki feeder 1000; no monkeys. Ascended west ridge to W. & saw sail on rocks, just to lee of top, for about 1 hr. (distant photos). To makeup & found them home in trees. Some ate one lived after another (Cormer?). (Photos) her, kodokoma & bw.). About 2:30 p.m. gp. descended toward canyon bottom & went to feeding area. Mutsu slapped my leg occasionally as he charges. When I looked down into reflector finder he usually ceased threats -> me. Threw food in trap cage (Azuma said that more would enter last fall) and one entered within 1 minute; soon 3 inside (3'x5'x12' cage traps). On ridge branch Omongolia w. bark eaten, but teeth seem too small for, monkeys'. w/ S.Azuma. Warmer. No precip. Some sunshine. 8 March 1966. Arrived feeding area 1030; group already present. (Hanamiishi) Much feeding on vine in trees W. of food shed. 1013, 1 flower starting (Azuma could not find tree nos. 4,5, & 9!). Apparently all 21 we departed 3 p.m.) present; Azuma explained recognition marks & age estimates. 9 March 1966 Windy. Dep. at feeder 10 a.m. when I put out food. None there when I returned at 3 p.m. 10 March 1966. Calm morning early. 0915, none at feeder but food put 1500 yesterday gave. We hired boat & Azuma & I went N. up coast about 0940 to 1030, searching shore & slopes for monkeys, but found none. To yellow cliff area, past where say. said Azuma say. gp. reported seeing gp. Stream & falls areas city. / Back at feeder 1430. Group came, but not Mutsu. Matsu ate wheat long, grain dry grain. At 2 sites 3-4 yr. & groomed yearling (sib?). deported I departed 1515. Wind & rain evening. 11 March 1966. Trace snow night; windy. Azuma to fdr. 0930.
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Koford Macaco fusca 11 March 1966 Karaki, Shimokita-gun, Japan Dale Away & other to fush. 1300. sp. present, photos by Noto. Mutuu present. & Shoko gu. Mutuu. Some ate tip and green sedges on bank, incl. Mutuu, Sugi. Niha has 20 mm pop- illova otacem postin & hrevi (1); saw spot above pop. One 4-5 yr ? lies edge roof & taken apples from our hands. / after Ozuna, composition = : Osore oldr. 20+ yrs., Mutuu of 9+ yrs.; jff in adu nara - Bura 15+, Itakes 18+, Momi 8+, Niha 7+, Nara 15+(no inf yealings), Kuri 6+yrs. (smallest ad.). Other: Masu of5, Sara & Tara ff 4 (+1), Udo ff3 Ton & Fugu ofof 2 yrs., Nezu & Sugi ff 2 yrs.; 3 off 2 ff yearlings. Last born later. 1 and 11 June 1965 (O. Az.). 5A says weighed all last fall! 23 March 1966. Kirikazan 1s, Miyagi Pref., Japan Okend.-plums in full bloom near shrine. Stand of 30-40' Carpinus ? 50 yrs. s. of forest shock, looks seem slightly elongated & pale, succulent. Yugans (asters nearby, no change, nor in Fagus, Carpinum or ridge, or felhava (solar bald). Buds to about 3 mm long on low red-tipped communal-lishshul (much browsed by deer). Moss & fern some gray green, + tiny leaves Rhododendron. Alnus, no hotel, rather elongated & loose - tenders. One tree until E. of shrine had tight new colbrins (sp. ?). (Mwion said 10). / at 3 site a laterally extending shrub 10+ ft. tall had bark eaten by dry monkeys on twigs 1-2 cm. diam.; photos & collected. No other bark eating seen. Collected twigs & buds from Fagus & Carpinus T. (?) in ridge thro E. of shrine, for possible nitid. analysis. / 0930, saw 2 stop ridge just N. aft rid E. of shrine, on Alnus ground in dry grass me. Alnus and Fagustin; ferite but found no
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12 Macaca fuscata Kinkazan Isl, Miyagi Pref, Japan (shrine (highest den, S of trail) 23 March 1966. sign. At 11:30, nearing coast E of shrine I saw 1 ad in tree (near where saw in Feb.). Then upon reaching ridge alarmed a group of 10± in bush trees just E of crest; these ran to ground and off over ridge to N. One sat on ridge looking toward us (150 yds.). He followed them and again saw gp, but they alarmed and ran N again, well below + to E N-5 of ridge. We marked but did not find again. Walked S of summit, then E to coast + S to lighthouse; later took same way to forest dept shed. Saw more. Is there another group, or only the one of 10-20? What happened to 60-70 reported by Ogawa in 1963? No proof. 24 March 1966. Walked first home to ridge + N, searching slopes for monkeys, but saw none. Back to S + partly down ridge E of summit; thus I saw apparent monkey droppings, perhaps 1 mo old, atop boulders of granite outcrop. At 0830, soon after leaving shrine, I saw on ridge to N of pool 2 adult >7?, apparently solitaries which came to shrine area, in nosher + grass. If gp is only 17, maybe only 7-5 ad ??, hardly enough to justify much effort here. Monkeys not easy to see, however, as gray color similar to boulders + tree limbs, + usually on ground rather than in trees. Spring not so severe as I thought it would be - perhaps plant phenology behind Shinohata. 4 April 1966. M. Terada had been here about Mar 26 to Apr 1 and had seen troop 30 or + in canyon SE of summit, + had found troop seal timer (see his notes). Today he accompanied me, + he will spend most of April on Kinkazan. About noon he saw 3 ads about 1/2 way between shrine + hotel, when walking trail; we thought these "solitary" males. We walked over grass to E of Forest Cabin and down to forest valley SE of summit, but
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Macaca fuscata 4 April 1965 In open Focus, found shed adult M. fuscata; old. saw none. To summit + N. long ridge to 1720 p.m.; saw none. 5 April 1965. Searched separately & saw a few males SW of sum- mmit. Cold, windy; saw ice morning. / Teroda showed me leaf- less vine-covered brush (in canyon E. of ridge E. of Forest Cabin), when he said 2 monkeys etc (droppings near). About 8'; speeding! / Low in canyon just S. of big ridge E. of summit (canyon of E. Colin), many dry droppings in an angle of granite 8-10' high, about 200' up slope - a resting or sunning spot? > Rock also dropping, or near many granite boulders in this canyon. / I walked to summit & en route saw at least one on boulder in Miscanthus area. Alvis on ridge W. of summit, about 300 m. level- I thought perhaps the "solitaries" seen by Teroda yesterday. (There are bark-eater shrubs on this slope, & lay some boulder many monkey droppings, so per- haps frequent.) / I on for up N. ridge, searching, listening, but saw none; turned back 5. 1000'; again at summit 1050. Down ridge to E. 300±m.; soil low shrubs, grazed, speeding, with branches barbed by teeth - at knots, & or small breaks down to 1 cm. a less down in tops - probably monkeys. (Valiate buds, stubby). Perhaps stunted by monkeys. Most of same species, while others untouched. / Atop mossy boulder under Focus Carpenter, 50 yds. N. of Heaven Tower, 30+ droppings- sitting place? (Teroda saw gp. pass near here once.) / Returned to Forest Cabin 1310; departed 1430, & again to canyon below Heaven Tower, to summit, & back down in area SW of summit. (Teroda said saw about 5, apparently including 2 juveniles, this canyon about 1630-1700. Monkeys frightened, to next canyon N., & when be to ridge they:
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Koford 14 Macaca fusata 5 April 1966 Kinkazan, Miyagi-ken, Japan w/n or far ridge, to N. 6 April 1966. Clear, calm; no ice. With Tenota walked W. from Forest Cabin at 0830 climbed stile at crest - alarm call 50m. to W. & ad. # saw. We stopped, watched, soon saw at least 7, incl. 2 old F F, one with tiny dark infant clutched to breast (alive; turned head up). Cool. Lesser brown since April 1. An anim. (fyr?) mv. othr ad. #, 10m. up a tree trunk (no foliage). Watched about 200 m., the monkeys aware of us / On slope 3 mins. (yearlings?) gently wrestled & romped. One, sitting, leaned back against stump as if to scratch. Occurs one to 2 m. up a trunk. No obs. mv. them. One # sub. ad. - dark shdn; narrow bare pink perineum. / Oriso. heard shot "glunk," saw'd timer - prob. not alarm. 0910, about 3 yrs. Together ran across slope in dry leaves, going W. / An mm. 2-3yr walked down a slanting fallen log on ground; stopped, crouched, looked -> us 200m. away. (Apparent crest ~). 0920 adult walked same route, along top of fallen log - common path way. Deriv from area; open Fagus - Carpinus slope. 0938, farther E., 4 mins. (3 or all yearlings) one on fallen log. One worked up & pulled down branch tip & nibbled at it. A big ad. # (leader?) walked across slope above them; one mm. skied away from him (at a start from him); a second walked within 1m. of #. The gp now 300 m. E. of pose. An mm. in tree descended slowly, met another on ground, & the 2 ran off together. 1005, # sub. ad. & mm. into creek bottom, going N., # walking on fallen log top. 1008, slight alarm at observers at 150m.; they led to E. up slope - #, yrs., 2 yrs., ad. # (?), all in succession walk:
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Koford 15 Macaca fuscata 6 April 1966 Kikazon, Miyagi-Ken, Japan another ing top of fallen log. (Another ad ♂ was 200m. N. of them). /1040, ad ♂ + gray & mv. bottom (400 yds E. of pass), while 3 at were 200m. upslope to S. of them. (Some mout. prol. due alarm) ♂ walk- eds lowly upslope, & 2 m. behind, another ♂ 100 m. behind three. 1115, I walked SE over sidehill ridge & saw ad.♀ (6 yr.) and an ad.♂. 1130, ♀ (6 yr.) ascended leafless tree slowy, on a ridge. Little feeling. Shortly I saw an ad ♂ in the same area. I cautiously approached - when I reached ridge, ♂ was on right ridge to SW, & 200 m. down canyon an adult ♀ on a slanting trunk gave alarm call every 5+ secs. (Onga, about A above mid-C). Red feed; no yrl. with, but 2 mins. saw 5. from area. / Composition estimated: 3 ad.♂ (1 a red), 3 ad.♀ (big brown ⏺gray, gray w. inf.; younger one - probably 1 or 2 more obs.), 3 mims. (2-3 yrs; one w. slight crest); 3 yearlings. / 1210, I left Teroa to follow & study gps. 15 April 1966. Returned w. S. Aizuma. Terao think 2 groups of 30+. (See Journal). We went to Forest Cabin, E. over ridge, then N. past Neon Pillar (1420) to summit, up N. ridge to Mountain Shrine, back to main temple 1605. Stayed at shrine for night. / A young man, Shuntaro Murayama, visiting island to start study of effects deer on forest, but seemed to know nothing of usual observation & game mgmt. methods - looking for damage by deer to trees, apparently. Journal Info. 16 April 1966. Rain to 11 a.m. We hiked area to W. of S. ridge, where Teroa recently saw large group, but we found none. Saw 2 woodcutters & asses. filled dressed (?)
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Macaca fuscata 16 April 1966. Kinkazan, Miyagi-ken, Japan that area. T. said he saw monkeys S. of Sansho Pass (above line) on S.E. slopes once. / About 1330 from S. Ridge about 500 m. S. of E. Cabin Trail, I saw one large dark appeared in Fagus open forest, studying N. Shortly I saw one in right draw to N. Azuma said he saw 4, but go- ing N. We went to E. Cabin trail area but saw no more. I to see Heaven Pillar, summit, + N. Ridge but saw no more. Col. fought at the gp. 17 April 1966. I left shrine 0640 & went via summit to Heaven Pillar & down trail to E. Shock, then up (W. on) E. Cabin Trail, but saw none. Later along S. Ridge + both N. or W. side - saw none. Back at Shrine at 1310. Tenoda + Azuma had gone out that time but had found no monkeys. / Droppings - in an angle of granite blocks, flat dirt floor, protected, facing S. across a draw about 1/2 km. S. of Cabin Pass, 100+, as if monkeys often rested there. One small but old site in another pocket, completely overhung about 50cm. up, same slope. Evidently gp. uses Fagus - Abies 250-300 slopes 300-400 meters up on WSW slopes. Kaizaki 22 April 1966 Kaizaki Canyon, Shimokita-gun, Aomori-ken, Japan. Arrived about 1 p.m. Azuma said Z warm and much plant growth that day - Fagus crenata buds bursting, folis increasing in height. Deciduous forest had given leafless appearance, tho ground fernish Ferns with folis to 20 cm. high. (Pteridium?) C to 10 cm. in clusters. C (lot buds 1 cm) (tunmed) Aralia and Kalopanax buds to 6 cm. Acer mans buds tiny & clogeted (green velvety tip) about 100 % at foot canyon near stream. Prinus grqgana most broad shrub in canyon; leaves to 6 cm. Fagus crenata - some erective w. buds closed, buds 2 cm.; other w. deswn to 3 cm. long, especially on high branches, on S. slopes. N.
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Koford Macaca fuscata 22 April 1966 Karzaki, Shinokito, Honori, Japan and stream below 50m. alt.; Ramburra leaves to 6 cm. Retabini common around and in flower in open below 50m (alt. of feeder). Camphorana sw., & main slope investigated for 3E, so gets much direct sun - Pabotha is lacinata? Phenol. season phenology seems no later than at Keihagan. A large Alumnus, not common (one S. of the 2A, & below 6A) abundant now flowers (?) Stachyura persox, 2 meter shrub, now w. no leaves but pendulous yellow flowers. Viburnum fuscatum - shrub w. well formed from last yr. curled in (Azuma says first to turn purple in fall). Linden shrub, leaves to 3cm, 50% beyond bud scale; common understory shrub on SE slopes. Fraxinus longicorns - 6' shrub, bad eaten back by monkeys, no leaves present (Frax also eaten on Keihagan!). Tilia tree on SE slope, red buds tinged + 10% elongated, Cerasus tree (sargentii) may be same sp. as Keihagan (no leaves yet). Viburnum wrightii shrub - dus. to 2 cm.; understory SE slope. Mallotus - shrub in cut-over area; red buds, closed (also on Keihagan). More - streamside nw. mouth canyon; buds burst + elong. 50%, to 8 mm. long (also occurs on Keihagan). Carpinus carato - buds elongated to 3 cm. but not burst yet. Azuma says monkeys seen eating seed app. of new foliar, but not new tree buds! Common spp. w. Keihagan: F. erocata, P. mangalia, C. sargentii (if same sp.), Mallotus, Morea, Acer palmatum, Juglans, Aralia, Colopanax. + genera Fraxinus, Carpinus, Viburnum, others. Stop W. ridge too, focus buds bursting. On W. side ridge mostly Quercus mangalica, only some stand; buds tinged, about 12 mm., not burst. (abortici?) Mrs. Azuma said Nila female apparently pregnant, now w. abdomen not distended. S.A. says 2 & 7 in addition appear to be pregnant.
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Koford 18 Macaca fuscata 23 April 1966 Kaizaki, Shimokita, Aomori, Japan Found male & then. 2A, aen novo. Buds turgid, pale tips, elong. 10%. 1A, juglans; new leaves in bud form to 4 cm. long. 1B, juglans; new leaves in bud form to 3 cm. 3A, A. palmata, buds elong. 100%, to 6 mm. 4A buds turgid, sleeky, light green, 20% elong. 5A, 1000+ leaves to 6 cm (w/d) 8 cm w/ pistilos. 6A, buds elongated to 3 cm but not burst. 7A- buds turgid, not elongated; 12 mm long. 7B Buds turgid only. 8A, buds bunting, 100+ on upper branch to 5 cm long; lower branches to 3 cm long. 8B, on 2 upper limbs 100+ buds burst, 4 cm long; lower limbs, buds elong. to 3 cm. 9A- not found. 10A, leaves closed, to 2 cm; flower gone. 10B, a few flowers too. / No males seen to feeder area all day, & none seen on slopes a ridge to W. Apparent recent feeling of lack of Dendropanax on ridge to W. Wispy, starlike clouds. Kinkazan, Miyagi-ken 26 April 1966. Arrived noon. Trees here since 21. I walked thence to Road about 50 m. aasl. Hotel. Near shrine, cherries in full blossom & 50% leaves. Along road, Carpinus (Many trees - to 2 cm., not burst) crates buds elong. & many burst, about 3 cm. new growth? Alnus tree + shrubs, leaves to 4 cm. Betulae - buds elongated 300% but still only 1 cm. long or less; essentially turgid but not burst. Aralia stellata - leaves open to 10 cm. long. Viburnum awabuki - 50% leaves, 1 cm. long. Amor pfiq Rosa multiflora, buds 3 cm long now. As general view, about 1/4 deciduous, Betulae 0. Castanea - few buds, but some burst, + leaves to 2 cm. (but many old dead buds; decided tree). / Near Forest as1 Calvin (170 m.?); Tagged Juglans, 76" dbh, lower parts new pistilos + leaf 20" growth to 6 cm long; at top tier, buds elong. but fruits not separated yet. W. side 50-100m. as1
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Koford 19 Macaca fuscata 26 April 1966 Kinkazan, Miyagi-Ken, Japan Other large tree (16" dbh), new lvs. to 8 cm long all over. Castanea - few buds; some new, green, 1 cm long, opening. Some other trees so apparent activity (disused; por indicata). Carpinus - on some low branches buds open & lvs. to 3 cm, but only elongated + 2 cm on most branches in th (this general condition n higher parts island). Tree 3A, 6" dbh, lvs. 3 cm in corn. Trees have start of greenish foliated look. / I walked E. up Colin Trail. Lest the lvs. about 8 cm, almost full size (in leaves all over island, incl. N. ridge). Fagus # 4; 15 m., 40" dbh, buds still hard, not elongated, no leaves protruding, scales tight - this is buds general condition throughout island - Fagus not burst, tho many burst at Kaizaki! In same area Carpinus 50" dbh buds pale green & long but not open, while another 100' distant had lower part 100% buds burst into leaves 3 cm. (Variation in phenology among wid tree & among branches of same tree). In genl, Carpinus buds elongated & pale green but not burst into lvs. top Colin pass, same; Carpinus just starting to open, Fagus closed. Just E. of pass, Juglans buds smaller & elongated, with about 5% separated into 3cm. parts (lower levels, mostly w. finger-like separation). At higher level, start Fagus, canyon wider & more open, Acer palmatum (green twigs) 10 m., 12" dbh, buds turgid only, as at Kaizaki (also on a large we near trail or path E. of Shrine about 300m.). Another Acer (diabolicum?) about 200 m 20" dbh 10 mvs lvs. 4 cm & open. / Again on W. side above Hotel, 100M., tips of Alnus branches w. 2 cm. bunch of new pale green leaf. Rhodod. hasegawae - buds & lvs each about 2 cm long; slow growth. Crinum (sargentiae) tree - buds opened to 4 cm in closed leaf bunch; no open flowers. / At Shrine not terribly, who had walked around N. half of land E-W and at 1630 saw about 12 Fagus Kaizaki ahead! w. side 100m.
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Koford 20 Macaca fuscata 26 April 1966 Kinkazan, Miyagi-ken, Japan monkey, w. zinf. (black & red one); Jap. B he calls it & still think there are 2 gps. (see M. Teroda note) tho I do not. Apparently a gp. of 2-3 separate in shrine area, & a gp 2 abs. + min. often logs behind gp. B.; according to Teroda. | The oldf "Morbo" at shrine died recently. Still in cage, 3 yr & 107 od; now seems pregnant. 27 April 1966. 6 a.m., I saw big 07 atop sage of moruup at Shrine; he ran up against Thuyopsis when I to 10 meters distance. 9/10 alto-cumulus; warmish. Swelled up & thin range to Nohogane & out N ridge (to place where MT saw gp. yesterday), then look toward Nohogane, and about 0820 to SE of Mt. Shrine saw 2 adults, one appar. a big 07 & other smaller & younger (subd. 07?). Then came to boulder on a sidehill ridge, & soon walked downlope under Fagus (slight alarm at me, 100 m. distant & close). I waited 5 min.; saw no more; thought only 2 there. Then near Nohogane I met Teroda, who had seen 07 w/inf. He still had in sight ad. 07 laying atop mossy boulder, resting or dozing. Later he pulled a 60cm stem toward & apparently ate at tip. Finally (6 yr.?) it walked N. along sidehill (prob. subd. 07, which follows gp.; long red face). Then near summit, on E. side saw 2 bgs. mins. w. ad. & 30m behind, walking S. along sidehill. 0950, E. of summit about 40m level, 2 ad. &f, both w. infant. Large one reddish, active; smaller black, held close. There on dry leaf floor slope, watched at (100 m. 1010, SE of summit about same level, saw sev'l. & yr. yelping while 2 yr. lay slopside, on mossy rock. 30' from there, & (w. red inf., which walked to 2' away) gp. ad. & w. yelping! So saw at least 7 (inf.) not including 0707. 1025, 50yds. NW of there, single ad. (red face - 07?) sawing in leaves. Red (w/black) Dors inf. pulled & mouthed bent over lily(l). Inf. walked over belly of
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Macaca fuscata 27 April 1966 Kinkazan, Miyagi-Ken, Japan. super yrk. being gowned (prob. cousin rather than sib.). This gp. son look 2-?, 2 yr., 1 inf. - so mother red inf. may have yearling. I sp. them: ? w. yrd. + 2 yr.; ? w. 2-3yr. old min. (>5); 2f, 2yrlngs, + red inf. (>5), + single ad., + 50' from there a f. grv. yrk. There are well separated gps, & no others near them. At least 6 ad.?, 2 inf, 4 yrd, 2 2-3yr. mins. | ? w. black inf. walked 100' from other & sat. Inf walk- ed to 1 ft. from her - she ate small green leaves from 40cm shrub, pulling stems (branches) toward her. She gray, brownish sides, red-faced, possible light area over h. eye, cream dorsal (?) Hair thin or from scrape, middorsal posteri. thorax (Toseda says white-nored). Inf. pecked up object & put to mouth. She gave once "questioning location call", 1 sec., ~. There only sounds heard from monkeys in 4 hrs! Inf. prob. born about April 20 or before, judged by activity (as on Apr. 1-9, 1 Apr. 10-19). 11:10, she gr. inf. while laying down vs. legs spread. She sat. 8 yrs., not large nold. | Big ? sat by log 20' from another ?, scratched his side w. knucklefoot, slowly walked S.E. Calm, sultry, bright; also seen & series. | A den stood within 3 meters growing monkeys; no apparent nest trees. | By 11:35 gp. had moved slowly off. Two came upslope to 50 m. from me. One fed, pulling bush tips toward (40 cm. tree); 1 cm green leaves. Sap very loose it seems. When all but close out of sight, I cautiously descended cellar trail on top of E. Ridge. Prob. slightly alarmed awhile; they walked up slope & crossed ridge, and passing on 10' boulder on way, & walk- ed downslope to S. About 12, incl. at least 6 1-4 yrs. & no obvious infants. I waited. About 100 m. behind other came 2 mins. (about 2 yrs.) in fact walks, or a log, to crest & down to S. (At least 8 1-4 yrs.) No more came in 5 min. Toseda had gone down trail to S. atop
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Macaca fuscata 27 April 1966 Kuikazan, Miyagi-ken, Japan ridge. No said he saw 3 infante, the 2 & walking in succession, & that they had continued into E. Colin canyon - a long row; some slam? (prob.) So evidently at least: 7 ad. 4f., 3 jips, 4 f yrl., 2f immo (2-4), 2 ad.0?0?; probably more - about 20 in gp. / Tada left 30 April. I talked w. him in Tokyo on May 3, & got his notes & maps. He decided also go. 4 May 1966 Takago-yama, Chiba-ken With Koyama, at feeding area A, about 250 m. Molt - 2 ad. 0?0?, near hair central anter. rown, 4x6 cm. area. Also in same 2 &; & occas. one w. our hair forearms. So molt started. Food - provision year round, but (under pressure) Koyama thinks about 20 % natural in winter, 50 % in autumn. In autumn food abundant & monkeys travel more, shake tree more (aggressive? or poor visibility?). Ologo - shot & scraggly compared to Shimohita. Cues prominent here. Some have faint striated "look to fur - transverse bands of roughly slightly light color, 1/8-1 cm. apart. / Births so far in group A. ? Issa - 10+ yro. - Inf.? b. 4/14 No yrl. ? Yori - 6+ ? 4/20 No gyl. ? Muja - 6+ - ? 4/24 No yrl. - but 2 yr old? Feeding area A - about 2 mi. NNW of summit Takagoyama. Summit (Lake no? might temper weather this.) 315 m asl. Mishima weather sta. 4 km. E. of area A. Seirea 4.5 km. Takagoyama 35°15'N, 139°-55'E., 8 km. from sea (to SW). / Plant info on sep. valined sheets. 6 May 1966. Again visited Takago with Prof. N. Nichida, Lecturer of Chiba Univ.; identified plants & food items. 13 May 1966. Kuikazan Is., Miyagi-ken I walked about 5 hours in monkey area but saw only two. 1326, 200 m. E. of Colin Pass, 10? on ground on hillslope, alone. Picked
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Koford 23 Macaca fuscata 13 May 1966. Kinkazan, Miyagi-Ken, Japan at ground. Then at 1530, or 5 yro. old?, on ground in Miscanthus on S. side of W. ridge, no cost. Climbed Cestrum (?) + sat 10' ups. alone. 14 May 1966. Walked 0630-1230 in marshy yam., & saw 2. (usual one of which) 0729, N side of summit about 400 M level, or od. in 3 m shrub, earing new green leaf tufts (about 1/5 secs.). Straight stiff L dq. III (a II?), I+IV missing perhaps. Watched at 100 M. 0727 climb- ed higher, soon lost. Broken new foliage lower on ground; 2b Fagus? Alone. Then at 1140, W. Colin Canyon, 200 m. below pass, od. or tree branch, resting. Whined a few times, but no alarm call. Alone. Watched at 100 M. Slight rest (a start melt?). Red face; tester ups. Climbed higher, & away. I now saw in trees than before? To eat new leaves? I did not see groups. 17 May 1966 Kinkazan W. Walked up W. Colin Trail. 1230, 100 m. E. of pass, now large adult, min. and ost. 3 yro., & or ost. 4 yro., on ground on sidehill. Then slightly alarmed uphill and walked 5. upslope toward hilltop, when Ralph found them a little later. About 1430 I to hilltop (S. ridge, S. of Colin Pass) and we heard much squealing, as if min. being thwarted a little, on W. slope in area thick tree cover. We walked 5. along ridge; heard other calls. About 1600 I descended cautiously down to W., within toward repeated ^ shot call, & saw od. nun in rhododendron clump 50 m. from me. Difficult to see much area at one because of foliage, tho many open sites under trees. About 1655 met R., who had gone downlope to S. of me. He had seen 4 W. infants, and about 4 apparent immrs. at once. 1700, heard single repeated call ^; about high C, every 10t sec., & briefly saw adult. This
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Koford 24 Macaca fuscata Japan 17 May 1966 Kinkazan Is., Miyagi-ken, in beech, oak, camphor, rhododendron area. At a flat spot near road I found 50+ droppings, as if favorite spot. Again I heard calls to S. & upslope, went slowly toward, saw none. To top ridge to N. of telephone line crossing, + then heard calls on slope to E., as if animal had crossed. Self thought that in all he had seen at least 10 vids. this afternoon. Calls heard at 1770, when we started back N. on ridgetops. Rhododendrons now in full bloom. 18 May 1966. Clear, light breeze. About 0630 left Colin, + to Sore. Self went S. along ridge, I to N. I to summit 0745, then set N. Ridge, turned back 0900, summit 0950, + back S via Hara Pillar + Colin Pass to Colin. Self had gone out + back S. ridge twice, + heard + saw none. I saw none either. (We did not even Shohuyoku sanja.) About 1130 from Colin cut telephone line to S. for 45 min.; but detected none. / Apparent new monkey feeding on back Calliopsa near stream above Colin; loudache. photos. 25 May 1966. Seriwa-mura, Kimito-gun, Chiba Conferred w/ Naohi Kayama. / For gp. 5. (in envelope) he gave computer advt that 42 (5 1/2 ind +) Imm + -3 -2 -1 - inf. Oct '65 as: 6 26 + 4 6 11 18. Outside cage but apparently members: ad-7 and 3 imm. of-of. So 79 total. (K. says Mr. Muira says 2 infs. died, so perhaps 20 born in 1965). K. says in May 1965 only 65 (+ -10) in enclosure. Apparently fence rather imperfect barrier. / Mr. Muira gave birth dates the yr. as: April 9, 14, 24, 28, May 10 (outside cage), 11, (3, 18, 19, 24. I saw an w. drying placentas, prol. born 25. (Possibly be missed one now.) The animal enclosed early Oct. '65, but most soon escaped. Put in aged, most stayed. Fence cyclone wire about 8'; then bende
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25 Macaca fuscata Takagoyama 25 May 1966 Sekitoyo Chiba-ken with seven singer series, electrified area 1800 tsuba (3.3 m^2 ea.) said Miura, on slope with tall bamboo (green leaves) and many dead or nr. dead trees (pines included). One & w. inf. outside fence. Seel & w. nr. molted control crown, + some scapular area too. A1 has advanced molt, including lumbar area and thighs, but two other ad. or a slightly more advanced. (Still not clear whether early molt means good or poor condition.) Births and molt are ahead of A troop (2 whs. ?) I think. Animals look poor - some lean, scraggly. Partly due to fights in enclosure, I think. I saw 71 attack a & w inf, chase, catch, + bite him as if punishing. Apparently enclosing gp. at start of mating season had no significant effect on mating season, but of course fence imperfect and outsiders got in. At any rate, estrus not delayed. 27 May 1966. Inuyama, Aichi-ken M. Kawai has compilation reports birth seasons many localities since 1958, and has made some graphs comparing. But apparently has done nothing toward correlating differences w.r. ecological factors. He thinks birth season somewhat early this year. I in the usually early gps. on Shodoshima, births on Mar. 3, Apr. 26, May 6. While in B on Mar. 1, Apr. 6, May 2. Furuya Furuya reported that at Dogenzawa births in 1965 started April 24. In 1966, May 8, with 8 born (of expected 25-30) by May 27. At Kyoto univ., visited Suzuki, who spent a week at Jigokudani early May to census groups and count deaths. He said in group A, provisioned, w.r. about 35 members and 12 ad. 44, 3 births in April. But in troop B, not provisioned, 80-90 members including
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Macaque fuscata 27 May 1966 Kyoto, Japan about 21♂♀, 18 born in April. Wild troop earlier than provisioned! (I think Lindburg found wild troop nr. Debra Den earlier than a forest dept. grounds gr. in 1966.) Does more abundant food = later mating? Another man recently returned from Takahashi, report- ed 13 inf's. found thus to May 26. } Kawai, incidentally, now recording molt, and agree that it is earlier when cooler birth season is early, as at Shodoshima (vs. Kosheina). 28 May 1966. By boat to Kosheina, Miyazaki-ken, with Yoshiba and Fuenya. High, densely green vegetation of shrubs and trees, shore lived us. low sandstone cliffs. One fisherman, wife, & dog live on the island. Minimum water barrier about 200 meters or mainland side. Said to be many raccoons on island. Animals poorly fed up to 2 years ago and probably stunted. Until then, seldom had normal sex behavior (?) until 6 yrs. old, but now start at 3½. Usually first birth at 5 yrs. (Yoshiba). Fertility also low, as only 7 born to 20 ad.♂♀ last year. Y. also said ♂♂ 1, 2, 3 did little actual mating, but 142 espec- ially after ♂♂ sat by ♀ and masturbated to ejacul- ation. Solitary ♂♂ (7) did most of the mating. Composition: total 59. 22 ad. ♂♂ (5 yrs. at), 20 ad. ♀♀ (14 yrs, 1-5, rest 6 at+), 1 inf. (born May 12 to low ranking ♀ which had no inf last yr. or 2), and 16 inims. (+5 yrs., 5 yearlings, but no 2-yrs olds. - a typhoon in Sept. of 1964 kept everyone from island for many days, and all adults survived but no infants survived. ) Seel ♂♀ now in advanced
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Macaca fuscata 28 May 1966. Koshima, Miyazaki-Ken pregnancy (but 2 or more of these have clear molt crown). Yoshida said in winter use 6-7 kg. food per animal per month (sweet potato?). Seem less as abundant natural food. May, eat berries, fruits, new leaves. Vegetation - trees & shrubs about 1/2 evergreens, Y. says. About 12 species dominant. He has plant list and observations on phenology. He also says birth season a little early. Also that Takasabeyama season more compact as numbers increase (or at Days S.).! Bonnet macaques - 1 gp. + 2/3 another brought from India to JMC. First part in enclosure, other in large cage. In wild most info. Aug to Feb. (births), but a peak rather than distinct season; the peak varying with locality. They plan to put bonnets on an island.! Occasionally we cross to mainland. About 6 yrs. ago one or did, then about 5 yrs. later returned just before mating season, participated in mating, & departed again. 1 of 7 low lost year, 5 survive. to Tojimisaki 29 May 1966 Rain + wind nights to nearly noon, 1050, left for Tojimasaki with Fureya. Many Cays in canyon m.m. monkey feeding area, near ocean. Feeding at foot of a mod. steep wooded canyon. Saw no monkeys, but fresh droppings. The keeper, Kosho Yoshida', there about 10 yrs. and says May 21 earliest birth he remembers. This year first May 24, and 4 born to date. Says usually all born by (mid ?) July - short season?. He said about 250 monkeys, now tending to split troops. 6 p. at feed area last eve, & usually comes down when sees him. He put wheat many spots on ground by 1300, but no monkeys yet. | Vegetation thick & green, with high
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Macaca fuscata 29 May 1966 Toimisaki, Miyazaki-Ken propatian evergreen. Many ferns in open, three high, and many light green new leaves ends branches evergreen trees. Doch (Rumus) seems common in open; Furuya said monkeys eat all parts at Iogiyusan. He thought height & density veg. similar to Iogyusan, but more evergreens here. He thought he recognized "kaze" and some other species. Weather good vivid able for lighthouse, atop exposed ridge. Back to Koshima. When fed sweet potato, many take and dip in puddles or edge sea before eating, or eat off brown layer & then swish vigorously in water from tree to tree; some- times also brushing food with hands. Partly for salt flavor? A mother with infant immediately walked directly & alone 50 m. to rock at edge water & washed potato in tidal wash at base of rocks (photod). See'd ate one potato while holding another in feet. / Malt stage earlier than Would at Takogo 5, apparently. Does understanding influence local factors on malt give due to infl. or mating season? Malt also in ? + minors, so more easily obs. Rank - Y. pointed out ad. ?, son of lowest rank 4, who was next to lowest of 6 ad. ?? in troop. First birth to a low ranking f. 30 May 1966. On Koshima 0730-0900. Much play
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Macaca fuscata 30 May 1966 Koshino, Miyazaki-ken early among yrlngs - Y. says typical of morning: 2-3 lit, wrestled, climbed after each othr in bushes, dangled, dropped. or 2 had clear cran melt (leakdown). / 2 youngish od.4? pregnant. Y. said 7 yrs. old and pregnant for first time. (Retarded devel.? ). He also said vaginal bleeding not seen outside mating season - significant in view high no. non-pregnant ??. I saw or/ mount crim. (3 yr?) and then lie on side, & crim. groomed him. Y. said or/ teeth much worn, so biting by him is little punishment. Y. seems to be best informed of all the private people in Japan; good man. 7 June 1966. Kinkazan, Miyagi-ken, Japan Now vegt. in full leaf. Warm, humid. Below area of Forest Cabin, a few soft loose droppings on trail, & I found 3 in first 400 m. to E. of Cabin. I to Cabin Pass about 12:30 and on to S. on ridgetop, reaching hilltop above Sansho Pass 1350. along S. ridge trail I found 3 spots fresh sloppy droppings, w. leatrupe working in them. Heard & saw no monkeys, so look N. to Cabin Pass (1420) and layd. 1450, heard White call and saw 2 adults descending from N. ridge, just S. of summit, down canyon to SW, as if disturbed by people above. I stopped & waited, 150 yds. from monkeys. From time to time 1 or 2 more descended, and I saw at least 9. These include:
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Macaca fuscata 8 June 1966 Kinkazan, Miyagi-Ken only 3 ad ff and 1 inf, so not the whole large group, and no yearlings. I judged ages & sexes: 1 inf, 1-2 yr., 2-4 yr. ? (but not reddened), 1 old ? (molting crown), 1 ad ? (w. bloody L elbow, left forefoot up in running - one of the 4 yr ?? was with him, & these were last in order); +3 ff (only 1 w. infant). (Allowing for 6 more mins. + 3 ff, still = only 10 total in a gp.). The ? w. inf. followed by 2 yr old. / Molt. A 4-yr. ? small tester, had an anterior 3 cm. crown melted. Ad. ?, molt continued to rope in medial hand. (25x telescope). / The animals walked across slope to ridge. ? w. inf. ascended 3 m. Symplocos tree and ate leaves in successive handful grabs. (Collected some for analysis). While below him on ground, in open Merianthus area, an ad. ? ate from a Berberis bush (1515). 1530, mr. same tree on ridge or ? (4 yr? - barely pink butt) pulled down branches Berberis bush (mod. spiny) and ate from, serv'd xx. I went to the tree, and across the valley to NW, stop W. ridge, I saw 1 reaching up, standing on hindlegs, & eating from Berberis bush. (Later visited site, but did not reloat gp.) 8 June 1966. 0630 at Colin Pass. Walked down to E., N. cross country to trail to summit, up to area Heaven Pillar and summit. Heard none, & saw no droppings - in more open areas to W. at this season? (May?) Much Ganthoxylon here, but little Symplocos - too damp & shady?). 0840, left summit and walked out S. Ridge (to above Dansho Pass), where some droppings (same as yesterday?). Heard none. Returned to area Forest Colin.
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Koford, <13 Cercopithecus ascanius (redtail) Cercopithecus nictitans (ascanius ?) 21 August 1965 Kibale Forest, 7 mi. E. Ft. Portal, Uganda. First saw in wild in tree around tea field of Wm. Bridham (Kigami Estates) in spars- foliage tree, in area of Colobus al. [= 0.2] foot Koga Samuel 22 August 1965. Mr. Km. 6 am food, saw 7 in tree with 10+ colobus alys. Nictitantis seen; at edge & within loose group. Three together on one low (20' up branch), one lying sprawled w. belly up, being groomed. Three lower in tree than colobus al. usually ? || Mr. Food food camp saw one apparently alone, about to 11 a.m. || 1030, about 500 m. E. of Bridham house, 4 about 30' up 60' tree, about 50 yds. from edge tea field. | Rain 4 p.m. 6 p.m., after rain, from our home at front sto. saw 2+ in thick foliage tree 200 yds. N. Leap about 15' out + 10' down to land on spreading flexible branch. Lived in succession leaped to about same branch. | Wm. Bridham brought one he shot eating his "mealies." 4.0 kg. 117 t.l.-715 tail-145 hf, spec. 3000 36 car. 07, prob. red. Tertia 25 x 20 mm.; no apparent semen in sand brown skull. cut t. or epid. Toes 10+ metacarp to 25 mm. from dust + slum. 23 August 1965. 0832, km. 6 port 2 in tree to E. of sto. 14 mi. NE of Bridham House, 24 August 1965. 10:00, under one of Bridham's jet, 07 subadult ? [Celtis?] alone in 70' tree, eating foliage. Leaves 4" D. 30' ups. || 230, area of Elephant Catel Bath, 2 adults 50' up in tree w. yellow flowers, in rain, apparently feeding (W. of road). | About 5:30 p.m. in forest just E. of Kanyawara, saw one in dark forest near land of Colobus alyssineus. 27 August 1965. 5:30 p.m., 5/10 am east after rain, 7+ in 30' tree w. red. foliage at jet. Kalitoli & Koga Samuel road (same as one saw evening at ranger station ?) | 5:45 400 yds. E of K6 sign)
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Koford 2 redtail Cercopithecus mititans 27 August 1965. 200yds. S. [=0.2] Kibale Forest, nr. Fort Portal, Uganda 5:55, famin. walk of K-6 sign, one 20' up in 40 ft. tree w. sparse folia, 28 August 1965. 0940, K-6, in compound dead tree 100 yds. ESE, 2 (ad + juv.) picked & ate fruits (?). In another tree w. yellow flowers (Markhamia ?), 15' tall, 1 redtail ate apparent buds & flowers. 1120, 2 still in tree nr. K-6, feeding. | 1145, ¼ mi. E. of Buhawa house, 1 redtail handled (ate ?) yellow flowers of (10+) tree. | Mi. 5.4, at big turnout, 7 at (+1 blue). Also nr. mile 5.3, at least 4 at 1130. Redtails moving about fast & frequently, so hard to count. 5 September 1965. About mi. 0.9, one mangabey with band of C. mititans. 6 September 1965. About mi. 1.5, 7 p.m., 6+ in one Markhamia tree eating yellow flower buds, & sometimes upper rim of large flowers, discarding rest → divord. This tree is common yellow-flower ed one in which various monkeys seen lately. Cbadi's yawns! C. nict. 13 September 1965. 1030, mi. 1.1, 1 in band w. 1 C. ladius + 7 ad. C. alyssin. The redtail to the C. ladius, which ground it! Mi. 3.9, about 1300, boat to W, including 2-½ green juvs. All jumped snugly across gaps, going 15' across & falling 20'+. Legs held out in full, likely first, & not paddled. The juv. fell especially far. Landed in foreign branch. | Mi. 4.3 (area 20' stump out. side road) a single redtail eating 15mm diam. spherical green fruit, smooth, in "apricot"-looked tree; apparently alone. Rain started. 14 September 1965. Saw 2 w. C. ladius & Cercocobes nr. Mpango. R. at mi. 5.5 about 1000. |1230+, mi. 2.1, 2 to E. Commonest & most widely distributed forest monkey here.
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Koford Cercopithecus nictitans 17 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda Mi. 1.66, about 1800, 12+ incl. at least 3 juvs. feeding at one so hard to count; impression of more than actual nos. 18 September 1965. 0900, are near O.I on Prisham's road. /1035, 00w + in turn to E. of mi. 1.63 - same place as yesterday eve! / Mi. 1.25, one above Mt. Malabamia flower. 19 September 1965. In tree "C" near Prishams Rd., 14/1530, 3. One ground another. all at lower level than 11 Colobus sleeps in same tree. 20 September 1965. About 1020, mi. 1.0 to E; 2 in low trees. 21 September 1965. In forest adj. to highway across from Kagera saw a few near Col. slpssinceur. One old gr. another old. /1830, Mabalania mr. mi. 1.3w; one in same tree w. one C. nictis; same combination in another two. Eating some food, in part. / 1745, see notes C. nictis . 10t relatable to W. & mi. w 1.68, are on 2 previous secs, but are Col. Ladvis & 10+ C. nictis in group! The mites well mixed in order. One retail gr. another. No species interstion seen. / 0830, K-6, 2. 26 September 1965. Two w. 4 C. nictis at mi., .9w. (see mites), One 1040 at 1.4w. Comment of monkeys in this area s. of Kagera Laimill. /1725, 1.68w., 5(one half grown, 4+ Colobusabyss., 1 C. ladvis, 1 C. nictis, settled in trees. 27 September (965, 0810, over same tree (Celtis?) with 6 C. Ladvis. 28<September 1965, Morning. 1.15w; 3 in single Mabalania tree eating flower's; 3 C. ladvis in area. / 1730, 3 out sw, 1.08w, where 6+ C. nictis. One relt. ate coffee fruits. They made soft grunts while feeding.
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Koford, CB Cercopithecus mitis nictitans 30 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda about 1130, 1.2E, one in 20' tree (not seen to feed). about 1700, 1.15W, 2 eating Markhamia. Wasa R; Toro G. Pros. 4 October 1965. About ¼ mile SW of the game lodge & saw one adult clearly, & later one in dense foliage two near W. bank, within 50 yds. of Calohe slip. In evening I saw 2 or little bunched to - gather, about opposite the game lodge. Kibale Forest, 10 October 1965. Near Dura River mountain road passes through part of upper Kibale Forest; S. of Kajirana, saw gp. 10+ (1 jnr) and 4 at including jnr. 80'dense mod. dense shady forest; few dead tree. 12 October 1965, about 1545, 1.27W., 2 at eating Celtis; full browdit to mouth. A Calohe bodius within 50yds. 27 October 1965. Samnil Road, 1.68E.W., about 1600, 7, no rips, went through near leaves tree in succession, not all using same route. usual area gp. seen. / 2.05W., 1 25' up in tree. 2.05W., one in tree, 1700. 28 October 1965. In morning, Carla saw 2 to N. of Cherio Path (N. corer Bridham tea), & 1 in mixed gp. 5 that included C. mitis + C. bodius. Saw none in census slow tree 0.3 to 2.1 on Samnil Road, 1530-1700; saw 2 singles near 0.45W., 20± ft. up. (Overcast, calm). 30 October 1965. Samnil Road, 1.53W., + spread 100', 20' up. 1.54E., single ave. 1.55W., one ate yellow Markhamia flowers, 30-40' up, active; 100 yds. away a C. mitis sat passively, 20' up. 1540, 3 singles within 100 yds. of G at+ 1 November 1965. 1540 Samnil Road (saw 2 in action (3 adult) Olyses in Markhamia - Celtis area my 1.3 W. within woods). Car bear molt "splash" at 100 yds. At least 3 Came
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C. Koford ascanios Cercopithecus nictitans 1 November 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda Saw + single during food census. Then at 1.9 E., 3 only 10-15' up in Trema. Tail partly looped on branch - somewhat prehensile? One into top 20' Mankemia and ate. 2 November 1965. 11 am, 0.83 W., 2 juvs. in Canopa (?) Side of One seemed to nibble new buds on tops branches. 11300, about 1 6 walking thru branches Trema near 0.655 (curve). One mounted other ahead of it; seemed to grip solves w. brief foot; stay- ed on for count 16 secs. - dismounted; antleria we lay from a few secs, then sat up & turned, + two put noses close together calmly. Then walked on. Social? 3 November 1965. 0815, 3+ in 15' Trema at 0.9 W. In same area about 1730, 3 in 80'tree. 4 November 1965. 1035, in loose gps(?) 3 blue, 1 redt, 1 red col, +?, leading + redt. passed on same branch w/o apparent reaction. 15.5E, at least + in mod. dense green veg. 5 November 1965. 1700, saw 3 singles along N. boundary forest edge of Pridham's tea field. Walked S. 1.35W., 2 redt. 1.8W, 9+ with 9+ blues in loose group, mixed in order as threw turn to N.; the follow about same route, redt. more scattered than blues. blues in gps. (less tightly gregarious?). One ate yellow Mankemia; walked S. 2.15 + bold. About 1930, 1.33 E., 3 in apparently leafless tree, seeming to eat tiny fruits. 5 November 1965. about 1700, 1.73E., saw 3. Near 1.75W., 2 in dry dead appearing tree, seemed to bite at bark or lichens occurs. 6 November 1965. About 1700, 1.63E.) gps. of 9 seem (3 juvs, no carry info.) going through tree where little foliage, it so same path, at intervals. Two juvs. hesitated at a jumping place,
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C. Koford Ceropithecus nictitans 6 November 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda climbed 10' higher, & made shorter crossing there. One in 10 tall trees. 9 November 1965. In botanical garden, Entebbe, in 100 ft tree, saw a small group. Mabora (sp. ?) Forest, 7 mi. N. Lygazi, 11-12 November 1965. 20 mi. E. of Kampala, Uganda. In forest area (30') near coffee & tea, where saw Cercopithecus, saw a few, including band of 10 or more. The last one I carried juice, & free small juveniles. Cheeping, burbling, audible at least 50 yds. One in tree gave towards me single short loud buzz, almost like a slap, said tenies, or if an alarm call.
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Koford, c Cercopithecus aethiops 2 October 1965 Wasa R., Toro Game Preserve, Toro Uganda about noon saw one running slowly, doglike, on road and onto the bridge. Trees wide apart, & somet. over 50yds. from trees. As car approached it stood on hindlegs as if to look at me, then ran down back into very tall grass (4 not up tree). / On previous trip to this area saw 2 gps. along shore of Lake Albert, in region of the falls, in area where also saw Colobus olivaceus. | In evening saw 3 walk down the trunk of large spreading tree near river at edge great land on th Wasa game camp, within 50yds. of when I had seen C.olyps. on previous occasion, on ground 4 October 1965. I saw one near native house at N. end Wasa bridge. 5 October 1965. About 9 a.m. I saw two (one half gps.) stop well- leaved tall tree near river about ½ mile S. of Toro game lodge. In eve saw one '½ mile downstream from Wasa bridge atop thick foliaged larch 15 ft tall; sometimes only head protruded. Entebbe, Uganda. 25 October 1965. Visited F.R. Mann of Vervet (EA). Saw 5+ free on road 200yds. short of his house. See Journal, photos.
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Koford, CB Macaca mulatta 6 August 1965. Nr. Dehra Dun, U.P., India With Don Lindburg m. Asarni dahi bungalow, saw five or in two alongside road, + other near. | We searched trails in and at edge forest for a few hours + finally saw about 5, including an adult ♂ + minors., in forest. The ♂ shot at us through openings in foliage at 200 yds (!), then quietly sat on forest floor. | Filled foliage on trees, yet heavy carpet of leaves on floor (fell about April). Thus how been monsoon rains, but no rain today. Forest is second growth, under forest dept. control, with largest tree about 12" diam. + most under 3" - so visibility poor in general. Monkeys rarely call, so detection + following largely by listening for branch creaker + seeing waving branches. All animals in forest have completed molt and seem to be in good nutritional condition. | Lindburg says forest-forest groups sometimes out on short grass or in isolated trees at edge forest, + thus easy to watch. | No stone skins in sex skin seen, the males not reddened. | As contrasted to Says Santiggs, animals quiet + widespread - often 50+ yds. be- tween members, it appears, + minors. on edge of (or tail end of) group. | Lindburg has "lost" groups of 30+ he had been studying, + has not found them for several days. 7 August 1965. Again searched trails + sel forest with Lindburg. We met groups 20+ (60?), including many minors., in dense forest. Several piled + ate mushrooms Y about 3" diam., mature pink top when eaten, dividing gills |||, no annulus or veil.
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Koford 2 Macaca mulatta fascicularis 7 August 1965 Nr. Dehra Dun, U.P., India When several run, as in alarm, stay on ground, & sound on leaves like start of heavy rain shower. Few call; one imm. on ground gave locator grunt; & sev'd nearby did same then. // Compared to Cays Bartoj's, quiet, witnessed, repeated from neighbors. // We visited group 30+ in grounds of Forest Institute. At least 8 infants; no old f w/o inf, but one about 4 yrs. w/o. | all alert & molting, no crown only; some with long gray hair only lateral thorax. 3 ad. 0707 seen; one w. tail prominently up, not longer for protrusive & tail co. curled to one side; apparently #1. One nr. hole in R. cheek pouch obviously much lower in rank. About 1/4 mile from other a single ad., prob. 07. | Leidlbrugmay make some social behaviour studies on this group. Rep skin very red on 1 old f, mod. red on sev'd; male mod.red. Male #2 sat close over ad. & in tree; only consats? Then at edge large block of pines with 10-15' under story, thick; probably largely dependent on feeding by people. 8 August 1965. In 3 hours in forest area detailed more, those saw group of langurs. Population density apparently low. Large dung beetle roll away dung balls soon after monkeys pass. Some eating fresh new distal part of shrub; so some monsoon affect on nutrition.
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Kafad, CB 1 Mangabe Colobus (Procolobus) Cercocerus = [8 Sept. 1965 Identified] badius 24 August 1965. Kibale Forest, Ft. Portal, Uganda. On road S. of Kagero sawmill, 1 mi. S. of Nyagata R., at 12:10 p.m., saw group 12+. Light grey with rufous crown. First impress- iion of many. Devil in slow succession jumped to second tree notably they dropped about 20' feet under them, rather than springing across w. legs horizontally spread. One carried infant at chest, & juv. (1 yr.? ) next to it. There in 80' tree with mod. foliage about 50 yds. W. of road, .15 mi. S. of great air turnout. Light rain; animals active. Rd. S. of Kagero Sawmill, Kibale Forest [LO.2] 27 August 1965. 5:45 p.m., 400 yds. E. of Km. 6 again, one (apparently drawn from tree) mangabe?; black backs, grey legs, long black tail, brown crown) in nearly bare tree. Cercocerus? = C. badius 29 29 August 1965. Across (E.) fr. Pridham's turnout, 0900, 6 in trees, + A5 ad. Colobus alps within 100 yds.; one "mangabe" Confusion cercoc. until C. badius, ssept. At only 20yds. from 5 Col. in tree (below & to side of them), but no animosity seen. Kibale Forest 13 September 1965. About 10:30, mi. mi. 1.1, one in branch with 1 redtail + 7 Colobus physiomimus. Beneath; within 6' of an alps. at X. The redtail to it + the badius ground it. 14 September 1965. 1000, mi. S.5.5, 10+ in trees nr. Mpanga R. Cercocerus Black, gray-brown shoulders & ropes; scruggly long loi, arpen, Cercocerus alb. ropes, + tail topuses. Head silhouette 5. New gp., 2 C. bad- (mangabe?) cin and 2 Cercop. ascanius Soft gurgling whistling call, repeated from there. Move slowly cautiously, compared to redtails - in line. Tail often for 7. On w. inf.; at Prob. Cercocerus least one juv.; saw 6+. // Col. badius - 1000, mi. mi. 5.5 where Cercocerus + redtails in trees. 12:28, mi. 2.95, E.
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Koford 2 Colobus (Procolobus) badius 14 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda & ind. 2 w. largish infs. /1300, mi. 1.2, w., one fed ur. 5 C. alyissimius on lower tree. /1800, nr. Seliteli house, or fed some brush as seed Col. alyss, within 6' at X. 1845, same one 70' up dead stil w. 4 Col. alyss,, well after sunset. 6:58 p.m., it bounced some on branch; & 4 C. alyss.. moved from perch, + redact took the place. It set within 6' of C. alyss. at slightly lower level; about 7pm jumped into nearly leafed tree. 17 September 1965. One fed 100' from several C. alyssimius in tree nr. Budham Rd. (0.2) about 1145. /About 1740, mi. 0-1.3, large + smaller barked N. (W. side road) thru trees rather readily; it appears. They seem to jump up when crossing gaps, rather than just out. /1900, Budham road mi. 1, 200 yds to NW, 8 incl. 2 juven. play. In fine branched twiggy broad tree w. little foliage. Soon saw 13 spend 100 yards in 3 trees, feeding very actively - much more active at this late hour than Col. badius & alyss. 18 September 1965. 0840, at least 7 in 3 trees in area where seen last eve. One ground other. Fed on small green distillory (aufcent) by pulling branch to mouth. One small juv., 6' from adult. / 20 September 1965 0850, mi. 1.15, 3 adt + 10 juven. to W - 0815, 2 about 200 yds. N. Budham's Rd. /0850, at least 4ad. + 2 juvs. to E. road at 1.25. Occasional high squeals, or sounds like small dog barking - no Col. alyss. - like sounds. By 0915, appeared about 20 or more. Jumps move much, back & forth, not progressing only one way. Finally proceeded to 5, in rough succession, & I counted 12 with infants carried.
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Koford, CB 3 Procolobus badius 20 September 1965. Kilale Forest, Toro, Uganda some very small, other fairly large - so apparently a limited breeding season! At least 12 wns ads.+juv., so 25+ total+ 12 infants. Bands larger than of C. olivescens. /0955, still some in same thicket, 25' up, W of 1.17. /1950, at N edge of tea field about 200 yds. NE of Ribian's house, in 90' bare- appearing fine branched tree (tiny new foliage) 200yds. from foot tea field, at sharp edge of some tall forest, S.t., northly m. top, + actively feeding & jumping about. 21 September 1965. These still there next morning before sun rise, 0650, at least 6 in one banish tree. At 0830, at least 8 there including juv., and 2 mangabeys below the C.b. (The latter stripped bark.). 0845 I walked thru tea toward tree, + a few at a time monkeys jumped to heavily foliaged adjacent tree or descended down in same tree, to foliage area. Allowed approach to about 30 yds. bare tree (photos), when 90'ups. Banish B2W tree perhaps girdled & dying. /1800, mi. 1.9 to E., 10+ (20?) in mod. foliage tree + low appearing (tiny new green) tree. Latter 60', +6't-in top (silhouette photos). Eat tiny foliage. B&W babbill landed in tree with monkeys; no interaction. No mips. noted (poor light). 23 September 1965. In forest lawn at NE corner Ribian's estate, 10+ mths/fuv. 5+ C. olives. scrambling thru lowrd tree, prob. alarm- ed by me. /0810, some gys., 2 at, in tops/100' mod. foliaged tree (4" cutty? leaves, D-shaped), with inf.+juv. This 100 yds. from previous tree, 200 from where large gp. seen in ave at edge forest (prob. some gys.). Eat leaves or petioles. Two went thru trees + sat 100yds. N. of others. 1735, after rain showers, 16 in one near tree (five new leaves) tall
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(Pro)Colobus badius 23 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda tree at edge Prichan's forest, 200yds NE. of house. Feeding, at least 2 more within 50 meters within 100yds. Juv.s played together; 4 at once. Adult often carries one. at least 6 juvs. total. (Part gp. in trunks 2 C. alys., seen about 1630). Easily visible w/ naked eye from Prichan's house. 24 September 1965. 0745, several still in Banish tree at edge tea field where seen last evening. Status; light E. breeze. /about 1115, start
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Koford, CB 5 Colobus badius 27 September 1965 Kilale Forest, Toro Uganda 1.35 E., w.w. 8' One w. infant. One sat same tree as 3 C. alyssin., within 5 yds. of 4 ad. & 3' of one ad. / Yelps like tiny (American or Belgian) dogs, yip, yip, made by C. b. gp. / 1025, tree w. of 1.0 where saw 3 C. alyss. earlier now 2. C. badius , As I appr. to 100 yds., these descended + entered tree where said C. alyss. rested (Two of latter darted away, but soon returned), C. b. ad. sat 3' from 45 each of 3 ad. C. alyss. / 1600, 2' in branch treetops nr Bridh. NE corner tea field ( = 200 yds. N of area 200 yds. N of Bridh. Rd. (Probably same gp. as ranger to 200 yds. N of Bridh. House.) others in similar trees to E. / about 1015 saw no around tree where 11 C. alyss., nr O.3E, + possibly dispense one (see C.b. notes). 1050, 6 (1 jnr. (yelping?)) feeding in rain in Celtis (?) nr NE corner of tea field (N. of P.R. 0.2). (C. alyss. cover in rain like rhino; C. b. fed actively.) / About 1400, 3 in area of 5 ad. near Bridhams NE corner. 1505, 3 at within 200 ft. of 4 ad. C. alyss. at 1.4E in tree. 29 September 1965. Alto static; calm. about 9 am saw none from Bridham house, or in walk along forest edge + N to creek on Chimp Path, + back to house. Also unusual not to see low. Kogera SM Rd. 1.15 W., 3 (perhaps 1 sep. from others), (In area were 3 C. nictitans.) jnr / 1.3W, 4 in Marlebania tree; fed (or foliage?) + 1 infant. about 0930. 30 September 1965. Kogera SM Rd. 0.4W, in Celtis tree w. small leaves + flowers, about 12 including 3+ jnrs and 4 carried inf's. Same inf's: small & crans dark gray rather than reddish. About 5 of them went 10' to tree where 6 C. alyss., + both fed in same tree, often
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Koford, CB 6 Colobus badius 30 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda. within 6' are another u/s apparent interaction. Rolf saw intersp. action: ♀ ad. C. alyps. chased juv. C. badius, then large C. b. chased back the C. alyps. Other similar obs. A big C. b. seemed to displace ad. C. alyps. on perching place. One ad. C. alb. gave feint at ad. C. b. No clear interspecies dominance etc. ad. C. alb. dom. over juv. C. b. and prob. big C. b. dom. over some (♂?) ad. C. alb.! about 1730, 1.3W, 10± incl. ind., 10t juvs, 1st inf. - now about much svery difficult to count. 1.3E., 3 in area of 4 ad. C. alyps. When a truck passed on road, one came bounding thru tree towards us or if to threaten, & stood giving "chi, chi" calls (red mouth lining con- spinous); shook branch as if in threat. Brown eyes watch crown. Some in Markhamia. One within 10' of 2 C. alyps. in same tree. C. badius groups diffuse - hard to tell whether a group or just scattered, at times - possibly join just to feed. 7 October 1965. Driving S. on saumiel road, mi. 1.35 W.; [dead ?] seal in tall spreading Balanite & other trees. In first at least 5 ad. + 10t juvs., + 5± in another tree 50yds. distant. One walked 70' to another, lay prone, & was groomed. From S. came an ad. C. alyps. thru tree when 5 C. badius; then a no overt restroi. Above, / 1.35 W., 7 incl. juv. and infant in Balanite, when one at C. alyps. now. 8 October 1965, 1745, 1.36 W., 12± incl. 2 juvs. + inf., in some of same trees as last evening. Seclude in dense foliage smell of spr. I do not thier appear think used by C. alyps. Some in the tall Balanite + one seemed to eat foliage (C. alyps. not seen to). / 1.45 E., a single one
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C. Koford 7 Colobus badius 8 October 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda To within 6' of one C. alyxso in gp. of 9 latter. 10 October 1965. In fruit patch .3 to 1.3 mi. s. of Kanyawara forest ranger's house, saw band of 7+ (2 juvs) - prob. 10+, in green foliaged tree, 60' up. Mod. dense forest; to 100+ ft. trees. | In Keigami estate area, now seen along Balutea field N. of Prisham Rd. for long time. [Have become motivated too much in finding trees? (11 Oct. - see next page) 12 October 1965. In morning, Carla & Kristi found 8 or t, includ ing small inf. and a juv., in tree near 1.25 W., the big Balavite tree at first. Monkeys made chirping sounds, & later came closer + made calls. Impression of being different from C. alps. it being more apparently aggressive -> observed. | About 1545, I saw in same area, 1.27 W., ad. w. inf. (black crow) at abdomen. 27 October 1965. Sawmill road, 1.25 W., about 1730, one in crown of 100' Balavite. One within 20 yds. of 2 C. alys obs. at 1.7 E. | About 1800, in forest edge NW of Prisham's house, 6 at about 40' up, going N. through trees, well spread out. Spz. seem more diffuse than C. alypscincius. Spread 100 yds., following about some route in file. 28 October 1965. Carla in field 0830-0930 near NW corner of Keigami estate & "chimp patch" from NW corner to stream. along forest edge to NW of house, saw 10 or t (2 juvs.). at N. side of start "chimp path", 10 (1 inf.; 2 or t juvs.; 1 pregnant?). Near stream, 1 squashed + 2 others heard. The one, alone in tree, broke off branch, carried across tree, then dropped it - excited by observer prob. With more effortment, leaped. | To N. of this one, 5 monkeys in tree including C. badius Cerc. acerrimus, C. aegyptiacus, and
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Colobus badius 11 October 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda 1035, 1.25w., in big Balanite 4+ (1 juv.). Facing observer, call 'chree' at people. Variety of low short squeaky calls.
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C. Koford 9 Colobus badius 28 October 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda back at forest edge, gp. 5 a+ to s. (part of orig. 10?). Pridham's form -- stream forest first 10 O 5 mixt O 10 05 C.Path (300 tyds. long) O 10 Tea Nw 1520, near Chimp path by stream; 10 (incl. 2 jws.) + or - 2 inf.s (carried), & probably 15 or more. Much jumping & most. hard to keep count. Seen to grab single branch w/ hardts in landing, rather than sprawling on mass of foliage & branches. About 40' up, in open to mod. foliage. 30 October 1965. Saw one within 50' of 3 C. olivis at 1.7W. Tree at 2.1 E., where once I photo'd 2nd w. hornbill in apparently now leafless tree, now moderately leafed out - got tiny new leaves! 2 November 1965. About 1030, at W. edge swamp at Dainill Rd. O.8W., about 40. At least 3 inf.s carried, + 5 larger inf.s (red- cranes). A redtail sat alongside on; possibly qv. by C.b. By 1050, seul of gp. 50 yds. separate, to SE nr road, & at least 2 C.olivis near them (10yrs.). At least 21 apparent adults. 17 within 20'sphere centering in dead messy 20'much branched tree at edge swamp. 1058, counted 39 incl. inf.s., w/ 2 C.olivis and 2 redt. at SE edge, + one redtail in same tree and among 15+ C.badius, + jnr. C.b. rubbed against redt. in passing. (The C.olivis gp. at N'SW edge = 6.) 1106, spread about 100 yds. total. / One carried 2'strip (Typha? leaf?) in mouth or clind then branches & leaped; ate at it, + at leaf another grabbed as if to take leaf. Others held single green tree leaf in hand and ate at it, as ice cream cone. Many descended to level 'settoils' at times, occas. dropping straight down to ground. One ate at 0 fruit (comm) of Carapa? (large
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C. Koford 10 Colobus badius 2 November 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda. thick leaf; terminal one red. Some had muddy post. thighs + hind-legs. 1130, still 15 at site when first seen. Bright overcast. 1140, at least 2 ups. w. black crown; one of these ts1 from ad.-One subad. on low flexible branch; hand over bond, hanging to long-tip twig. They hung lay one hand a few sec. & drop-ped straight to ground. At least twice saw an ad. groom another; about same manner as others. Twice now saw one climb up branches from swamps carrying long green Typiba? leaf in mouth, bond end chewed broken. Ad. gv. 2 w.inf. One in small Merlokonia ate green leaf. 1200, still 20+ in original area W.of swamps. One had bulky abd. as if pregnant. Another is Typba leaf. Seen to eat at least 6 kinds foods so far; much more variety than C.alrys. 1207, still 6 at within 10' ground over dense tangle herbage by swamps. Two were climb-up bushes carrying Typba leaf. 1230, still counted 20+ spread 100 yds. nr. O.8 W. Showers commenced. Some moves begin, as if in response. One plucked leaf of compound-leafed tree (20' leglets), ate at base petiole, & dropped; repeated. (Never saw C.alrys. eat this tree). Little most about in rain; a few sat & other set bunches forward in rain. Now below 20' now. Rain continued. / 1310, 7 25-46' up on big tree; most bend-ad forward & quietly settling; some ate. Shower still. / Rain to 3pm. Cleared much afterwards. H:20, A:1E. 300 yds. 2 at 0.85 W, 6 at Ostill, near road. One gv.another lying prone facing away; then groomed raised hindquarter & gv. cast. >> 3 or in 15' Trema trees. Smaller approx. Large on branch, turns & crouched w. arms toward larger & tail up, then away (present?)
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C. Koford 11 Colobus badius 2 November 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda The group spread 200 yds. now, 10 at about 50yds of main site first seen this a.m. Seul on single & thick branch of 80' tree, in open. But some jumped to adjacent tops. 1 Ad.w. juv. sec- oned a dead tree. Ad. jumped 8 ± ' across to another, without hesitation; juv. ascended first tree 10', went out branch seen second, jumped down into it, & climbed down to adult. Smst juvs! 12 at in crete top w. mod. thin foliage. 3 November 1965, 0815; 0.9 w., 1 ate leaf (Olea?). (about 3 nettles in low Trena nearby.). / 0.55 w., 40+. 2 within 50' of gps. C.alys./The 0.9 one in tree where said C. alys. photoed about 3 weeks before. Also, C. al. in tree where C. badius a few min. earlier, na. .5w. / 1710, 8/10 overcast, calm, 0.75-N, in Merakania? 4 November 1965. Sunny after fog. about 1040, 3 in top tree & apparently feeding on 6" simple thick dark-green glossy leaf fruit One dropped, often holding or hanging by one hand, to swamp ground, then to perch on down log, then on ground -7 nests. 5 November of 1965. Near swamps at 0.8 w., 1130, after rain showers - 0.75w.; 7 (2 juv), eating small dark leaf of 80' tree, and at 0.75 w., 12 (4 juvs) in 3 trees (one Olea). Lately common; evening, about 1630, 4 at + 0.85 w. about 1830, 14+ at 1.1 E, eating large (8")? simple leaf (=?), not a food seen eaten by C.alys.
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(blue monkey) Cercopithecus mitis 22 August 1965. Kibale Forest, 7 mi. E. Ft. Portal, Uganda. About 6:50 p.m. I saw one gp. of 5 in tree in sparse foliage about .7 mi. S. of Kagena samuel, within 1/4 mile of road camp, by road. on / Twice at other sites I saw 1 only. | about 10 10:28 24 August 1965. About 10 a.m. saw 1 alone, & .2 mi. S. of Bridham [= mi. 1.3] Turnoff of main rd. S. from Kagena samuel, adult, about 30' ups. Photod jump (b4u). | About 4:30p.m., in record forest patch (about 1 1/2 mi.) E. of Kangawana Forest Sta., saw gp. of 5 in dark tall forest, about 40'ups. Later, about 5-6 p.m., saw gp. of about 7 in dark forest about 300yds inside first forest patch to E. of Forest Station. Twice saw one adult grooming another. Once saw two about 10' apart eating leaves. Leaves about 6" ( ), apparently slightly pulverulent, of 20 ft. tree nr. flowers just terminal, m. white. They folded leaf & ate at underside edge, or ate at flat part & pulled out preier leaf leaving the big veins. Blue groups seem diffuse compared to Colobus, & perhaps smaller. I saw an ad. alone in crown tall tree over road, inactive at 6:30 p.m. Many tall umbrella-topped trees, as if forest nearly mature. Little sign of truck traffic. QEN.P., SW Uganda 26 Merengambo 27 August 1965. About noon I saw one in forest near Kaigileini N.P. in Queen Eliz. Bith N.P., from road bridge . Nr. Fort Portal, Uganda 6:05 p.m. 27 August 1965. About 1pm: 6.5 mi rd. S. of Kagena Samuel, 2 ad. in sparsely foliaged broadleaf tree, 30'up 30'tree. | about 1pm. 6:08, 6:12 pm.; 2 adults on their bare branch 60'up an 80'tree; little foliage. One groomed other, still there 1/2 hr. later, after rain shower (one larger than other). | 6:55pm, about 1km. from 6.6, one 25'up in clear under mod. foliage, 30yds S. road.
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Koford, C.B. 2 blue Cercopithecus mitis 28 August 1965 Kibale Forest, Nr. Ft. Portal, Uganda. C. mitis Kogera 09:10, mr. road mr. [illegible], 1 ad. 20' up, feeding on frv. or foliage; when I to 100' it gave short coughing "caa"s for '4 sec at 5+sec intervals, repeatedly, mouth opening 1" with each call. Olive. Light grey muzzle. = C, 1'l'hosti 29 August 1965. Mr. mi. 1.3 on Kogera - Kangwara road; one long black tailed monkey ran across road; thought this kind! Mile 1.8, 09:55, one in yellow-flowered (Maribania?) tree gave single explosive cough, caaa or harsh string. intervals; alarm? When I to 100', it descended tree. / about Big mi. 5,4, at turnout, one with fat red tail in group. C. mitis 28 August 1965. 6:40 p.m., mr. mile 1.4 on rd. S. of Kogera low hill, 5 (ijus). C. 1'l'hosti 4 September 1965. About noon, mr. mi. 7.8 on S. Kogera SMD, about 5 monkeys crossed road, tails high, singly. Have looked all black, some with red brown on back, + glimpses there in trees showed broad white collar at throat, the typical "blues" in groups - do immo. Have white throat + brown bodies? This is 3rd. time we have seen monkeys on road, & always seem to be these "black" ones. First C. 1'l'hosti good view 6 September 1965. About mi. 5.7, near large logging turnout day before on Mpanza R. side, in site where elephant shot yesterday, a band of about 10 monkeys crossed road from W. to E. Then had red-brown bodies, very black thighs (+ sharp division w. brown at sides over [illegible]), white throats, + seemed larger than C. l'hosti C. mititans. Even 2 juns. had white throat, + now seem to look. Surely not C. mitis - probably C. l'hosti.
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Koford, CB 3 Cercopithecus mitis 13 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Torg Uganda about 6.30 p.m., one eating yellow Markhamia flower under at edge gp. 5 Col. slugs. at mi. 1.0 on Kenya SM road. Another 200 yds. 5, alone, high in tree or branch, not feeding. 14 September 1965: 1230, mi. 2.9, + to E. One calls cheow - loud strung cough repeated at 5-10 sec. intervals; alarm call? 15 September 1965. 1530, mi. 1.13, one, alone, gave rough cry. 17 September 1965. 1755, mi. 1.45, w., 2 ate Markhamia flowers. Mi. 1.45, E, / 10' up tree, alone. At 18 September 1965: 1820, mi. 1.15, 3 to W. in Markhamia & other trees. 19 September 1965: about 100 yds. E. of road along Elephant Control Path, 1010, 6 or + blues in mod. dense foliage. Tails seem longer than other species. One juv. (yearling?). 20 September 1965. 1540, mi. 1.5 W., 6 out with 3 redtails. (+ C. nictitans) Blues eat flowers Markhamia (+ so Col. slugs.). Most redtails at lower level, down to 15' high. Blues underspread; 10-50 yds between webs. One juv.; squealing? Blues + redt. eat flowers same M. tree, 5 yds. apart. 21 September 1965: about 1/4 mi. E. of Banniel entrance, on N. side highway, 4 juv. one half grown juv., in 20' bushes. Fed on fresh 20' green leaves where thin foliage. / 1630, mi. 1.3 W., 3 in one Mark- hamia tree eating flowers; earlier a redtail in same tree (white giving way?). / 1745, mi. 1.68 W., where 10+ redtails seen about 1800 on 2 previous ever, 10+ blues (incl. juv. and one tiny but not serious) redtails with 10+ redtails in mixed group going through mod.-foliaged tree in rough procession, many following same branches; also see C. berbis in groups. A large blue mounted smaller as if in copul-
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Koford, CB Cercopithecus mitis 21 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda atini & stayed mounted 10+ sec, as if in copulatory pose. Then the 2 separated w/interaction. / 1820, mi. 1.8E, one ate flowers Marlbania. Habitat seems same as mititons, but fewer groups smaller-might see to carry young, I think. 22 September 1965. About 0930, mi. 1.3E, 1 blue and 1 C. lodice. Blue to 20' Marlbania + fallen flowers; still there 20 min. later. 24 September 1965. Mi. 1.68E., 0820 one adult. / about 6 p.m., mi. 1.32 W, 3; two 20' from C. mititons in same tree. About 1650 I saw an at mi. 1.55 W. 25 September 1965. .0903, mi. 1.8 W, 5 in Marlbania+ other tree. One gave frightening sudden loud call, "my god!" damn? At least 2 eat yellow flowers Marlbania. Vets spread wide - 30-40 yds. apart. 26 September 1965. 0840, Ridharris NE comm forest, ad. and jiv. in Carapa (?-large leaves; many spherical 10 mm. green fruits). One to 3' from a C. mititons in another tree. / .9E, 1000, 4 with 2 redtails eating fruits Carapa (?- 10 mm. green spher- cial). Included one jiv. same tree! 3 27 September 1965. 0910, 1.33 W, 2 in Celtis tree near 7C. lodice. One picked & ate small new leaves, pulling branch to mouth. / 1.75 W, about 1730, one w. smell black inf. One ate yellow Marlbania flowers. / Mi. 2.1E afternoons hours, 1 in Marlhanis tree. 29 September 1965. About 1730, 6+ and 3+ C. mititlans at 1.68 W. Two large coffee bushes may be the other fruits; redtails seen to eat leaves. 30 September 1965. 11 a.m., 1.8 E, one in Celtis tree. / about 1730, 5 at 1.5 W. 1.55E, 30+(jiv.), in are 30+ C. mititons. Cells of blue
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C. Koford 5 Corop. mitis 30 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda when fed a weak gerya or short grunt; location coll? Some in Oba, but not sure whether ate it. One C. mit. in sametre (Trema?) w. blues. 1.65w, 2 on Marelania's flowers. | Kristi K. said she saw blue a blue give way & love perch when redtail approached, & redtail then occupied the perch (supplant?). | Saw more along Wora R. in Toro Game Preserve; tho saw C. mititans there. 6 October 1965. Road S. of Kagera samill, 1755, 6 (no info.) feeding in Marelania, mostly on flowers. A Cercocelus sat in sep. tree about 50' from some blues. 1.56w, 3 now ate Marelania, + 1 seemed to set Celtis. 6 C. not mititans scattered in vicinity. 8 October 1965. 1815, 1.55W., 3 or+ (2 were fuzzy juven.). 10 October 1965. Mr. Kanyawara forest sta; first forest patch; saw several in evening. 2 within 5 yds. of redtail. Blues ate (leaves; flowers?) of bay-like tree (rough bark; leaves, no odor). 11 October 1965. 1/10 overcast, bright. 1030, mi. 1.13E, 6 at blues (wid. + 1 large juv.) about 20' up in small trees. Possibly more crepuscular than redtail, but out in mid daylight too. 12 October 1965. 1530, after rain, 2 or+ feeding in tree 200 yds. N. of o.15 or Prith. Rd. (Left Ft. P. area Oct 13). siti River 18 October 1965 Kayokwata, Mt Elgon, Uganda In evening heard our guide "mimou" a few x to E. of "fire town" of softwood plantation; in forest at edge plantation, Cebinus olyssinium in area too. 19 October 1965. From "fire town" about 5 p.m., groups of 6 at edge forest (+ plantation) to SW, about 40' up in mod. trees
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C.Koford 6 Cercopithecus mitis 19 October 1965 Kapuata, Mt. Elgon, Uganda NE foliage (Colobus abyssinicus within 100 yds.) Heard "nyaw" other xx. 21 October 1965, about 3 p.m. heard one from "fire tower" to S. on near side Siti Riva (Col. abyss. also in area). Saw one on open branch at sharp edge of forest to NW. From front appeared black spot for face area. Stayed some period ½ hr. +. 27 October 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda Near 1500, overcast, at NE corner tea estate, one ate yellow flowers in same(?) then 1800. 60' Maribania; Samuel road 1.7 W., heard one at 1610, nyaw, 1.8E., 2 in Trema, eating leaflets from tips. 1.9W., 1 ad. 10' up in Trema. 2.0W., 2 20-30' up in Oltor (?) tree; one called; another "nyaw" 200 yds. S. 28 October 1965. 1605, one in Maribania. No other seen in slow census drive 0.3 to 2.1 on Samuel Road. Drier than yesterday. 29 October 1965. Saw one 1.6W., morning. None in evening walk from Pridham's house to 2.1 and return, 30 October 1965. About 1715, one sat quietly on thick open branch 20' up, while about 2 away a redtail 30-40'+ actually feeding. Devil-blue more noctive than redtail? lower? / + large juv. Heard 1 call "nyaw" at 1.9W. 2.1W., 3 spread 20 yds. in top of tiny-new-leaved tree w. simple ovate leaves (not Oltor or Maribania). 100yds. from me. One called "Nyaw." 1735. Have not before seen any monkeys this tree, in oft surveyed area. 1 November 1965. Samuel road, 1540, 1,2 W., at least 6 in area. 2 in one small tree (3 redtail within 100yds.). S contin. ->
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C. Koford 7-8 Cercopithecus mitis 1 November 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda at least 3 (one juv.) in big Balanite; one lay prone on thile mossy branch, rest- ing (?). Tails usually T in walls. Prob. 6-8 blue in area of (3 in 10 yd. drain) 200 yds. N.E. and 4 more across road at 1.3 E: Spots sunshine after rain brought out? Mostly in Merhania & Celtis. Same in same tree as I saw Colobus badius recently, nr. 1.3 W. Two followed, one after other, same "path" thru branches going E, & another +3 min. later. One ½ yr. old juv. seen in big Balanite. 1.6 W., blue call "nyaw." 1.7W., one 20+ yds. fr. road in 15' tall dense large (6") leaved bush (D); which tree. (in same brush ½ hr. later too.) Many blues today; why? 2 November 1965. Morning, one stop dead top tree, another 30' lower, O. 85 E. 200 yds. One "nyaw" toward me on road. (1630, 2 O. 9E. 50' away, 15' ups. Rather tame. / about 1600, 2.0W, 1 blue rolled. 2.15 W., 2 in crown new fine foliaged tree, or might be at 30, 60+ ups. 3 November 1965. about 0830, O. 8W., 2, single bird / on highway about 1 ½ mile E. of Sannwil, 5-8 blues spread 100 yds. One in ½ dead top at edge forest; descended in alarm & went toward others. One in big but dead tree. / 2.02 W., 4. A smaller ground a very large one. at least 3 C. l'hoesti within 50 yds. / about 1730, 1.55 W.; 1 in match about 12' ups, nr. road. 4 November 1965. 1035, O. 82W., loose gp. 3 blue, 1 redt., 1 red colobus. 1.0 W., one . 1.5 W., one 12' ups on trunk Trena, closet to road. / about 1800, at least 3 in tree at 1.96 E., another 50 yds. distant; much Celtis brush. 5 November 1965. about 1510, Rid. Rd.. 1.55, one called. I walked 5. 1.8W about 9 W. about 9 C., mitis type in loose group, the blues in large
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Cercopithecus mitis 5 November 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda clumps hunt after night in order . 2.15 W, 1, + 1 redt. walked back to 1.75 W, about 16.20. 1.75 W, 7 blues (2 juv.) + 1ge.inf.(not carried), all in shady low site about 20' up; 2 redtails within 100'. 7 November 1965. See census. 1.35 W, 2 in 100' big round green Ficus, + 3 in nearly Celtis. Nr. Maiben (nr. Kibale), Kenya 13 November 1965. Saw one + heard at least 2 in evening in riverine forest (thorn trees mostly) on Mailen River or P. Luther ranch.
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Kafady C3 1 Ceropithecus lhoesti 8 September 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda From skin at same Dent Entebbe, identified as this species, known [2] newly from Impenetrable Forest, Wood seen in Kibale Forest, 6 mi. S. of Kagera SM. 24 September 1965. about 1830, after rain, at mi. 1.68 on road S. of Kagera Bannill, in area where several redtails or blue seen a or same previous eve, saw one. It walked out of branch about 8' ap, in opening in tree, & stayed while descend from 20 yds. Throat white; grey below eyes; mostly black, but distinct red brown are on back, + base of tail (ventral black) while center tail gray + tip larger + black. Sestum pale blue-white in field of black, very conspic. in rear view. Still there 1/2 hrs later, & (25 Sept, 1965) also next morning about 0900 on same branch. No other seen. Movements jerky. From sleek + black - cat like. Tail once up in Kagera Sawmill Rd. to S.- mice curve . mi. 2.024 3 November 1965. she mod. thick Thoma tree, at least 3 about 8' up. at least 4 blues in some goril area, + gp. of Colobus obsys, across road. See C. mitis for 29 Aug., 4 Sept., 6 Sept. 1965. Kigami area Kibale Forest First seen 23 August 1965. about 1230, about mi. 1.0 on Kagera Sawmill Rd. route, Carla K. saw 3 run across road (probably this sp.). We heard grunts in bushes, sounds running, but not up trees. Black w. from social area. 6 September 1965. First good view of group Kagera Rd. (see C. mitis, p 2)
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C. Koford Pan paniscus 6 September 1965 Kibale Forest, nr. Ft. Portal, Tornganda. Near Nyigoto R. bridge in road S. of Kogera Samuel, about mi. 3.5, I saw adult and half grown about 25' up in 50' tree, 100 yds. E. of road. There a separate timber P., + when we started to get out of car they quickly descended. | This is same area where Carla saw one chimp about a week earlier, + where A. Meyzan saw one over a twig (within ½ mile to S.). Bridham said had not seen one nr. Kigomi tea estate for about 4 mos. Forest warden at Bulutoli said often seen near main Ft. Portal road to Kampala road nr. Mpango R. (actually E. of county line). 21 September 1965. In morning men reported seeing near NE corner of Kigomi tea estate (W. Bridham), + Bridham said heard them. But later we visited area + saw a hand row. Small patch tall forest near stream there, + Colobus olype, + Looliie present. 27 September 1965. Rain showers about 11 a.m. I drove down Bridham's Road, + 100 yds. from Kogera SM road saw 3 ads. well across road 50yds. ahead of me, E. to W., and under their herbs + shrubs. Last had lighter hair on lower back as if shedding. A few soft grunts in shrubs, but did not immediately climb trees. I left + drove up road 15 min. later; one was 20' up tree + descended as car approached. Then bunked roots for 2/3 minutes. 7 October 1965. Along highway to Kampala, about ½ mi. E. of county line, walked up short dirt road and saw many clear footprints in dried mud, evidently made within 24 hrs. mmv Knuckle Knuckle prints clean. Apparent adult, + only one size. Foot cannot open due from logging.
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C. Koford Pan paniscus 10 October 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda In area of Dura River bridge or road 6. of Kigarama, Mr. Pigodi, twice heard yelps + screams apparently of chimp. Closed 90' forest, origin, no setting. 12 October 1965. Rain midday; then status clause. 1715, 1.45 W. on Samuel road, 100 ft. from road in 20' dead tree partly covered w. vines, 2 ads. + inf. Also moist ground, & call from forest, so apparently at least 5. (a few min. before in sight, I heard scold barks from vicinity & thought it was Papio.) I stood in open 100 yds. away. Biggest (prob. 07) boybird, ate cordate leaves of vine [Venture] (lvs. 12 cm diam.; pink-purple flowers.) Log truck passed on road; inf. to 4, which held it to old, & soon she descended, while
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C. Koford Mangabey Cercocebus 14 September 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda First seen. See Colobus badius notes. Saw 6+. 15 September, 1965. Mi. 5.5, nr. Mpanga R.; saw 4♂ and 3 females in trees. 21 September 1965. I saw 2, one a ♂, below several Col. badius in bare - looking 90' tree at N. edge Bridson's tea field. There [14 Sept.] first mangabeys seen in area except nr. Mi. 5.5 m. Mpanga R. birds They bit bark from 3" diam. branches, (K2), apparently using lower incisors - I did not see Colobus do this. Birds did not strip lengthwise, so perhaps on dead branches. Several branches bored for a few feet, possibly by monkeys. | 1040, mi. O. + E., one about 10' up in big lucuma. I approached as fast to 15 yards before it slowly moved away; apparently alone (near K-6 area). 25 September 1965. 1700, 4 in tree forest edge tea about 200 yds. N. of Bridson's house, 10-20' apart. Colobus badius within 50 yds. of them. 26 September 1965. 0815, saw 2 in tree edge forest at edge tea field, to N. of Bridson's house. Both Once bit at bark 3" limb, Celtis and Olea (?), whose limbs already bored of bark. /1605, 300yds. N. of Bridson's house, one 40' up in forest edge tree held 2"x3" piece bark & sat by 3"x10" stripped trunk downwntree (Celtis prob.), Broke off chunker bark w. teeth. Cercopith. + Colobus not seen treat bark. 1815, mi. 5.6, 5♂ to W. nr. Mpanga R., & 5+♂ max 200 yds. 5. One carried inf. This is best area for mangabeys along Kogwa SM rd. 10 October 1965. Kanyawara area, 4.8 miles into Kibale Forest from ranger sta., 70+ in 2 tree (Olea?) w. new terminal leaves, 30' up.
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C. Koford 1965 2 Cercocebus alb. 6 November 1965 Hima Block, Kibale Forest, Tory Uganda: 0945, in green 100' forest along a dirt road, 4 mine Colobus + 2 others within 50yds. Same tree off 1 to 2' strips green bark, 10-20 mm. wide, dry peel with teeth. By one, for 3' over half girth of 3" stem. Branch peeled. Further out, branch completely stripped of bark. Another tree, 3" branch completely peeled for 6+ feet. Do mangabeys strip Encephalton bark + colobus get blame? 20 mi. E. Kampala, 7+1mi. N. Lwazi, ganda. 11-12 November 1965. With Neal Chalmers, visited Malwa (?) forest area when he studied. He said 3 groups in study area, about 1/2 mile apart. Lived in denser part forest than C. nictitans. We saw one gp. at, with one carrying inf. Heard alarm calls, loud. An eagle (=?-some sort, bares look) perched 100 yds. from monkeys may have been cause alarm. C. says these monkeys often strip bark of dying trees.
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Koford, CB Papio 1 October 1965. Mt. Weso Bridge, Toro Game Preserve, Toro: In evening occasional loud sharp dog - like bark from forest riv. (3 juvs.) riv., & soon 2 in single large spreading tree with dull green large heart- shaped leaves. There within 50 yds. of where Colobus alips. seen earlier a brown vulture w. white head sat atop tree, & once a flock of green pigeons landed there. Drooping common. About 60' up in tree, an large rain birds. 2 October 1965. About 0200 heard to bark, & Colobus in area to bark, as if from intruders. 0700, still in tree (same), & noisy fight (?) broke out. Others ran toward the fighting sounds. Once, apparently, by 0900, the Colobus in night trees still. | Rain in afternoon. But baboons both in same tree before 7 p.m. 3 October 1965. Much barking & apparent fighting sounds 0630. Left the tent about 0730, & soon saw 2 in bushes & small tree within 50 yds. of our tent. Occas. fed, but mostly sat, grooming, and still nearby at 0915. In 28 baboons, only 2 seemed to be infants, & sevl juvs. Walked thru 2' high grass at times, & ascended isol- ated 25' tree. Allowed human approach to about 100' before descended. Resp. settled for night 1/4 yds. N. of previous site. 4 October 1965. About 7 a.m. heard, but not seen, from camp. About 1/4 mile upstream from game lodge in isolated tree & low edge bushes of forest, 12 (juvs. but no juvs. seen). 6 October 1965. By morning, no others seen or heard near our camps, the Colobus came as before. So probably variable in night resting site. 23 October 1965. I saw one atop flat-topped tree from road thru Rabairo game preserve, SW of Mt. Kodaw, 2 p.m.
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C.Koford also see macacus Owenus Species Account Colobus abyssinicus 1 [6 of 40] E.Africa Mawenze 6, Toro,Uganda 20 August 1965. 13 mi. ESE Kyenjojo Mawenze Saw 3 in broad leaf tree, about 40' up, 200 yds. N of highway in broken second growth forest. Easily seen w. naked eye while driving. The first I have seen in wild. 21 August 1965. Kibale Forest, 7 mi. E. Ft.Portal,Uganda Wm. Bridhan, of Kigani tea estate, said now sometimes saw to ground because of disturbed nature present forest. About 6:30pm I saw 2-3 groups + heard their calls at E edge of his tea field. High in trees + most of them plainly visible. Largest gr. I saw was 9. Bridhan said sometime 30. Beautiful leaps, w. long hair apparently giving parachute effect. (P did not discern red colour; prob. misident. or mang abey. Kingston, D.F.O., said a black form with red brown shoulders about 20 miles out from Ft.P. to W.). P thought evening best time to see monkeys. Always along that road up to his estate, he said. 100t yds. 22 August 1965. At 0908, to E of road at K-6, mixed land of about 10 Colobus ab. + Cercopith. mitidatus (red tail, spot nose). Two adults with black infant, (gray lumber region (rather than white)). [juv.?] 3 juvs. med size, 6 ads. about 40' up, in wood to thin foliage, broad leafed trees, at edge elephant grassland. || One ad. w. inf. Red juv. (gray lumber) mr., + this one (sit?) carried inf. then or ventus, 3' below ad. (mother?). A slightly large juve came. [transfer of infant] Then an adult, which took inf. + ran 5+ yds away, leaving first ad. w. 2+3 yrs. (?) immus., which did not follow. (The other inf. gr. by adult, while 2-3 (?) yrs. juve. 20' distant in same tree. | Redtails within 10yds. of colobus at times; I saw no interaction. | One colobus ate compound leaf, chew-
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Koford, C. Colobus abyssinicus sebotole 22 August 1965. Nr. Sebbale, Kibale Forest, Ft. Portal, Uganda [0.9?] 1042, opposite road camps (3/4 mi. S. of Samwell), in tall tree, mostly above dense foliage, gp. of 5 and 7, about 100 yds. apart, in top 10 % of trees. Along Bridham road saw 4 o + about 100 ft. up, where little foliage; some on low branches. 1042, 3 or + to N. of teafield by G.W.P. house. Drove slowly to crest about 3.6 mi. S. of entrance to Bridham estate, but saw no more monkeys (time of day? Overcast, bright.) Before (N.of) 23 August 1965. At road camps, from .2 mi. S. of K6 on road, gp. of 6 od., 2 jun (1 w. graylumba), 1 white infant; Penis od. or visible at long range pale flesh color in black; or sat heavily astraddle branch,/about 0905, .2 mi. farther S., at curve looking W. over road camps, gp. of 5 in tall tree (took 35 mm. bracketed slide). 0905, walked up Bridham's road. 0958, 100 yds. E. of house saw 9 or +, incl. 2 or + inf., 3 or jun.s. Then in and on, above, thick opaque foliage of treetops (35 mm bracketed slide). 1005, still there. At 1020, walked S. on Elephant Control Path starting about 1.3 mi. S. of Bridham's jet. 1030, saw 4 od. (one sure or) + 2 inf. (no adult canid at vented). 1055 reached Mpanga R. and walked N on trail. 1120, across ruin, saw od. of 70' up astraddle limb of tree 20 yds. from ruin. He looked quickly about as if nervous or trying to free away from me, 200 yds. away; second od. 100' from him. Fine green foliage, road dense. No recent cutting line. Monkeys seem more camouflaged in disturbed areas near roads. At 1205, still gp. when seen 10:30. 6 p.m., 200 yds. N. of road opposite Rogers' Samwell Road, saw 3 in tree. 24 August 1965. 0858, to E. of residences on hill at Rogers' Samwell, in 60' lone tree, 5 od. and 1 jun. (2 yr?). Apparent od. or (can)
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Koford C.B. Colobus abyssinicus 24 August 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda [reciprocal groom] groomed od. (4?); then lay on side & ? gr. him. One of us approached to [alarm] 50 yds., 30' below, & gr. descended, alarmed. Juv. taken to chest by ads. & carried down. /0935, km. 6 on forest rd. to S., ad. of, juv.(3 yrs.?), ad. (4?), in same tree as seen 22 Aug. /0938, came before road camp, saw more in 1/2 mile of treetops. Not; 1/2 clouds. /0945, ridhams jet., ad.w. bleedinf. + about 3 in tree; in alarm descended to lower level (dense veg.). Nearby, 3 ads. together in branch (tree [br photo]); possibly same gr. /0957, halfway up ridham road, to E. saw 3d+od.; 1 juv. (3?). Ad. groomed od. / Back at km.6, about 12:40, 4 adults low (15'?) in tree where seen earlier, in wet rain. Some sat in rain w. head low forward, as when doin rain (C). / about 5:30pm, in path tall forest 1/2mi. E. of Kanyawara Forest Sts., saw 1 or 2 groups. An adult came out on bare limb of dead tree high over road, perhaps to look at me. Apparent second group, 300 yds. distant, seen by Riff and counted as 13 (no info. identified). Blues seem most common here, but redtail present; & hornbills, turacos. We heard calls, gurgling, repeated about 6 p.m., + these might have been Colobus. (Ridham said we call toddlers). Also many other unidentified calls, possibly some of chimpanzee. / Mr.Mizza reported seeing 2 or groups in short (1 ft.) grass near Kyagava (in Lake Murchwamba). 27 August 1965. Evening, about km.6.5, 4 (1w. bleedinf.) 250 yds. E. of road nr. top tree w. 1/4 dead branches. 28 August 1965. 0930, at least 4 in tree w. few loose about 200yds. SE of corner airstrip nr. K-6 sign on road. Redtails
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Koford, CB 4 Colobus abyssinicus nr Ft Portal, Uganda. 28 August 1965 Kibale Forest, nr Kagoro saw Mill, in trees nearer, within 50 yds. /1135, foot Bridhan's road, 8 in 80' mod. foliaged tree. Can almost always see in this area a cross road to E. 29 August 1965. 0900, across road from Bridhan's turnoff; Xobs. (1α+α), 4 1 Mergulay within 20 yds. closest. /0925, dry road about .3 mi. S. of Bridhans jet, ad. .07 called- alove. Thrusty low settling, about 4 "notes" per sec. 5-6 grating sounds in series; higher than lower two - perhaps middle G or scale. Oft start + end with a "chuck" or cough," giving bird jule then. The lo-sol effect may be from change position chub or lips w. continuous vibrating. sound. First time we seen as called. Mouth opens for call. /0950, mi. 1.9 on road, 5 obs. in trees. At least 2 αα, one wik hairs in tail; 4 gr. β. (A blue mackay in area too.) Semliki Plain's 1-3 September 1965. Toro Game Pres., nr. Waso Camp In evening + morning, saw a herd within ¼ mile upstream from camp. In morning saw 6 ± in one tree, & 3 in another about ¼ mile distant. / Bridhan said that Buschner saw from his camp, on W. side of road on the rivine forest, downstream from iron bridge. / About noon of Sept. 3, from gt. nr. the safari lodge, I saw 4 gps. 3 to 6 and head calls from 5th area. These along rivine forest, & visible step trees from a few hundred yards. Gooder for study pos. & peripheral contacts. 2 September 1965. Fishing along shore of Lake Albert at extreme SE shore, near Escarpment + falls, I saw 2 seps.
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Koford, C.B. 5 Colobus abyss 2 September 1965. Lake Albert, to Toro, Uganda mate groups (6 max.), including 2-3 in rock talus. Trees only 30' tall but good shade cover. Vervets also seen in same area. No white rifs. seen. 28 August 1965. About 6:45 p.m., 1 ad. ♂ 100 yds. W. of road Kibali Forest S. Kagera SM [mi. 0.6] about 50 yds. Then mv. mi. 1.0, 5 ad. (1 at ♂) and 1 at redtail edge group. | 7:15 p.m., next to road camp (mi.1.7), 6 (incl. 2 black rifs.), still active in bushes. [= mv. 0.2] 4 September 1965, about 5 p.m., 100 yds. E. of K-6 sign, in 2 compound leaved tree 60' tall, 10. Included 7 ad., 2 juvs., 1 one black rif. Fed small fruits & leaves. One (Colobus) mangabey sat quietly in group, others within 3' of it at X. Returned 1810 and in same tree saw 6+ mangabey. about 1800, foot of Pritham's road, 10 rivl. 2 ot juvs, and no rifs. Rain started, 29 August 1965. 6 p.m., rain. On road mi. 0.9, 6 w. 2 mangabeys 100' distant, sitting in rain. One ate com- plete leaf. Colobus walked within 3' mangabey but no reactions observed. 30 August 1965. 11 a.m., mv. mi. 0.9, 6 w., 1 redtail in same tree. Once a Col. walked 3' past redtail, but no overt reactions seen. Col. ate green leaves about 6' from ground (in 60' privately compound lived tree). At least 2 are ♂♂. 5 September 1965. Mv. mi. 5.7 in evening in forest, 1 with group redtails (or at edge) in trees. | At about mi. 2.0, a group of 5 ados.- all ♂♂!
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Koford, C.B. 6 Colobus abyssinicus 5 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Ft. Portal, Toro Uganda About 4 p.m., on lower Ruibwa's road, 6 incl. 2juvs. in tree (same as 10 see 4 Sept.? ). / Calling heard from own house at Selitoli in evening (+ next morning). 6 September 1965 In hand of 10, at least 2 ad. 77, + 1 white infant, [where ?]. Murchison Falls N.P., Uganda 4 September 1965 Warden (Whitton?) said along river banks 8 Sept. 1965 forests, especially nr. Karuma Falls. / Entebbe - Trass skin in Game Dept. labeled Namuli Forest, Kadam, Kamanga - C.a.matschii. 13 September 1965 Kibale Forest Toro Uganda. From Selitoli forest station, heard the grating loude during the monlight night several times. / 0830, 2 with 2 C.nietlensis : in 25' tall tree near house. and in 80'tree of mod. dense foliage, 7, w. are in adjacent tree; then 150 yds. S. of house. Three birds ended no juvs, 1 white infant, at least 1 ad. 7. / 0940, started by car 3. on Kugera SM road. Mi. O.2, 7 or + including 2 77od, 18, 1 juv., (adult 1 black inf. Then to E of road, to W, perhaps sep. gp., including 1 black inf.) (start same ?) Browed slowly S. 1030, slightly S. of Ruibwa's road, mis.1:1, to W. of road 7ad. resting in tree w. sparse foliage. There find. 77od, 39 od, no infuse juv.; 1 black inf., 1 redtail, 1 red colobus! One gree grating S/sec. violatin la-nd call repeatedly for 10+ minutes; other in gp. seemed to pay no atten. to it. Apparently the ad.7 only called. Redcol.within 6' of Col. at X, but no reactions seen. After a few min. silence, caller started calling again + dashed 50'thru branches as if chasing another, but Mw.inf., red col., + at least 2 others stayed put behind him. /1040, 200yds. up Ruibwa's road on the S. side, 11 - incl ad. 7,od 9, 1 juv. + 1 black inf., + 2 red
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Koford, C.B. Colobus abyssinicus 13 September 1965. Kibale Forest, Torg Uganda [illegible], which groomed each other. Then or s. Mi. 1.4, w. of road, 10 wild + 1 white inf. (no juven.) I Counted again about 2 hrs. later; also a black inf., at least 3 ad. ♂♂, 4 ♀ with tomb on [7.]/Mi. 1.8, w. side road, 5 ads. including 2 ♂, 3♀; largest ♂ had burles in tail [?], as noted 29 Aug. at approx. same site! No juvs. or juv. at 1230, mi. 1.7, to w., 6 incl. 1 juv., + 1 black inf. Climbing; 9/10 now. Saw no more by Nyigeto Bridge; drove on to mi. 5.7 + road but saw no other Col. gps. Back at mi. 1.1, however, to # w. one ad. ♂ eating new green leaves on nearby bare tall tree, alone. // 6 p.m., 200 yds. up Brithams road, to s. 11 again (1 a juv.? Mi. 1.0, 5 col. ads. (1a + ♀♂) and 1 blue in tree, blue high at edge in Mark- damie (possibly may incl. 2w. black inf.). 14 September 1965. 0825, alto - station accurate. Near our habit. ali house, 7 + white inf., including at least 2 ad. ♂♂ + 2 ad.♀♀. One ♀ took inf. from another ♀ & carried it down tree. Big ♂ one dashed 10' toward me in branches (200 yds. dist.) thrust face forward, mouth clared, in apparent threat. Nipples of ♂ large + conspicuous. In grooming tail, held up w. hand as if heavy. // 0900 K-6, to E., 6 ad + 2 juv. + 1 black inf. / 0920, mi. 1.8, E., 11 ad. + 1 juv. (a ♀ inf.) + white inf. at least 3 ad. ♂♂, one with distal 1/4 tail missing (no tuft). // 1230, mi. 7.8, 3 ad. + ads. in trees. // 1250, mi. 1.45, E, 9 ads. w. normal tails, incl. at least 2 ad. ♂♂ + 1 white inf. / Mi. 1.2, w., 5 ads. + 1 black inf. + 1 C. badius, feeding on leaves at 1300. Mi. 0.3, E. side, 7 (1 juv.) + 1 bl. inf. nr. Km.6 sign. The juv. w. mother w. inf. // 6 pm, trees 150 yds. W. of
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Koford, C.B. 8 Colobus abyssinicus 14 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda Solutoli house, 10 mi. blk inf. +1 C. lodois; gp. spread 100 yds. Feed by grab handful fresh green older like lemon, lite at branch in hand w. soil litter, & chew 10+X before next lite. Sometimes pull branch to self & eat from held branch. (C. lodois fed same lunch within 6' of C. abys.). //1845, 70' up dead stub 300 yds. W. of Solutoli house, well after sunset; 4 ad. + blk inf. + 1 red colobus. Loduis Stub 50 yds. W. of where [=13th] saw morning of 12th. At 1845, C. lodius comes up & join on limb, & ad. F (w. large inf. a jr.) left perch for another 10' dist, & C. lodois took place (supplant). Then 6 go in treetop in 3 all pairs, larger w. smaller (jrs?), then larger are back smaller one. The C. lodois left 7pm. 2 pairs remained on stub all night - still there 7am. next morning. 15 September 1965. By 8 a.m.; only 3 - larger
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C. Koford 9 Colobus abyssinicus 16 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda (Tree A?) Eat new green leaves, about 4" long V. One of w. slightly conc. crown, L up lip cut (green-face); not largest of. 11735, much most + feeding. 2 juvs. are ofof. B+W photos 7 to 12. 1800, mi. 0.6, 2 ods. in sad tree to E. No rain p.m. 17 Sept. 1965. Thin series clouds; nr. clear. 0935, mi. 1.1, 1 od. of. 0950, Bidham Rd.. 2, 9 in same 2 tree or last tree, incl. 3+ juvs, 2 skins as juv. nude anteriorly. Smallest juv. leaped tree A to B; grabbed branch broke + fell. Later gv. by od. 4. At same time in tree C, 100 yds. SW of A, 1 red col. and 9 C.alyps. (1 inf. seen). Probably 2 bords. High in tree B nr. trunk, a flatish branch platform where 2-4 often sat. B A'-150yd's C' C.N R.Rd. 1025, 4 in B; 9+ inf. in C. 1030, 8 in B 8 in C. 1055, 10 in B, 8 in C (incl. 2 juv.). Red col. sat 3' from ? C. alyps. / Tree C, + gr. inf. (gray lumbus). Ad. of highest in tree B for long period; slight level tail? 11120, Accipiter flew close to top tree B+ landed 50 yds. distant; soon all gone from B, but 9 still in C, resting (so prob. sep. gps.), + C. bodius still. / Gray-bodied inf. played w. larger juv.; at least 1 other juv. in gps./ anterior view white arm perision of ? OD. side D. / 1145, single C. bodius to tree 100'E. of tree C. + fed on leaves. / Highest in tree C for many min. was od. 9, sitting alone, dozed another + gr. gray-backed inf. while a youngling (?) dozed alongside. Two were spread flat on branches, resting. Sunny; 6/10 cumulus. /1215, tree C, occas. resulting resting leaves; 7 visible incl. inf. (ovisim). Some spread flat or branches, inactive. Clouds 8/10. Evidently inactive mid- day. /1735, mi. 1.25, to w, 6 (1 juv) + 2 C. bodius + 1 restial. Ad. of separate, descended to 15' + stood at ground (at red C?). No info.
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Koford, CB 10 Globus abyssinicus 17 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda. in band; at least one other ad. ♀. Nearly 2 redtails looked recklessly thru trees, + then were 4♂ C. mitis nearby; possibly big ♂ of C. ol. chasing off other spp. at S. and territory. Then he returned slow toward others. 1755, mi. 1.45hr. / about 1800, mi. (1.7), 4 adv. old Melianthia flowers; at least 2 v-♂. Band of 12♂ redtails within 100 yds. Back at 1.35, 1845, 6 incl 2 juvs. (seen when seen earlier; prob. same gp.). Big ♂ looked 100yds. S. + then 100 yds. N. thru tree, or if chasing others., /1900, tree A (& adj. to SE), 7 (1 w. inf.), and in te C. 4; two other singly, on N. of Redh. Road. 18 September 1965, 0830, still ♂ in A, 3 m C, feeding on leaves. Calm, rising clouds; Rwenzori summit visible. One ad. ♂ in A has black scar in white R brow (2 other ♀♀ + juv ♂ in A), Additional 4 in thick green tree (Melianthia.) mi. C. So, remain all right in this area; both grooves. /0900, one ♂ 50 NE Redh. Road, atop two, above (mi. 0.2). Of 5 in tree A, one ♀ juv., 2 juvs, 3(?) yrs, 2 ad ♂. Eat fresh light green leaves of tree A D. / 0915, tree A, said feeding - 11 seen. Clear cock mouthful 10+X. 7 ad. gv. juv. (1 yr old?). /This gp. includes 3ad. ♂⊖⊖ -bantela- , sneery, snag tooth (upper lower R canine mol- occluded + upper protruding), ad. ♂ w. juv. 1 (arcif?), 7 seen (?) R brow, 7 juvs. 3 yrs., 2 juvs. ⊖⊖ 2 yrs., + (1 juv ♂ 1 yr.; + ♀♀) + # Appxst. (4 juvs. sure). / 1000, I approached tree A + made up then started to jump to tree B , near a thorn, phased. Still 5 or + at tree C incl. Big ♂. Tree B, ⊖(?)sneery?) gv. ♂ scar R brow; later reverse. ♀ Tree B appxst. 5 juvs. incl. yearling. One ♂ rested sprawled prone, legs dangling over
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Koford, C.B. Colobus abyssinicus 18 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda lind. / 1020, all gone from tree C. Mod. breeze, 2/10 clouds. / Tree B "snagtooth" gave way broken "bartender" or approached. Two dogs in shade leaves in tree B; snagtooth dog sitting doubled forward, / 1700, tree A, gp. of 11 incl. 3 ad. to to. Gradually jumped tree A to B, 2 od. to near last. About 1730, all gone from area. / 1825, 1 adult alone to W. at prri. 1125. Now seen near Pritham Road 0930. 19 September 1965. 1030, along Elephant Path. Path; 3, fairly wild, 20-30' up in mod. foliage. Walking toward MpyazaK., 1035, heard the loud gurgling barks from big sprea- leaved trees. (reached near 1045.) About 1200 near same spot, heard 2 howling perhaps 100 yds. apart - territorial calls? Muggy day. / 1238, 0,1 on Pritham Road, 3 on road seemingly feeding, perhaps from center grassy strip. Included the "snagtooth" to of usual tree A bird. They dashed thorough these herbaceous vegetation + up tree (to N. of road). Others in trees on S. side, including "bartender" to. / 1245, tree C, q - 2 ad. to to, qu, gray-locked inf., qu w. black inf., + 3 more odds. Spread on branches; one with all legs dangling. Qu juv. on same branch, 8' from to. / 1400, tree C, band of 11 including inf. of other groups, 4 juvs. Only stayed together in tree, foll- owing each other playfully (no contact seen). 2-3 x more in next hour I saw them together without others (one about 1 yr.; 3 2-3 yrs.; one floga a ?). / The 11 incl. juv. est. 1+ 2 yrs. old. / One od. to in tree held rear toward another + turned head back, toward it to side, possibly smelling lips; then walked away (presenting?). / 1425, tree C, of 10, 1 inf, 2 or 3 2-3 yrs. juvs. Also on redtail within 8' of some; later
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Koford, CB 12 Colobus abyssinicus 19 September 1965 Ribole Forest, Toro, Uganda it sat 10' lower than Colobus. Colobus calls 1/2 mile to E; the monkeys looked toward, & one saw. | 1500, .1 mi. on Bridham Rd., the 4 mms again in one small (30') tree, the rest of band not present. | Ad. or gr. ad. or in tree C; then both lay on side on branches in hot sun. By 1520 three rest[?]s in same big tree w. the Colobus. Nat + muggy. Shot rain about 1700. again [I = 6.85] Mugian said monkeys near food camp after absence and days. 20 September 1965. 0830 tree C near Bridham's Road, 6t, but none in tree A,B. Colm; 4/10 alto cumulus. Th[?]re in C resting 1/4 way from top. | 0850, mi. 1.15, 10 yds. W., at least 3. 0945, mi. 1.28 W., one adult or in Meriania top. | 1010, 6t to E. in 30' trees just S of road camp (.9 mi.), 4 6 at across road in Merliania + adj. trees. I identified "angtooth" & saw two juvenes, so doubtless band of tree A. They fed on, one on flower buds/der fruit tered) . | 1100, .05 mi. up Bridham Road, one or in 40' tree; dashed about vigorously = "bartenzer"? | 10 30, more in trees A,B, but 6 a + in tree near tree "C", assumed the C group. | 1300, mi. .8, three in tall stob at edge tree in marshy area; adult or revealed. | 1310, tree A, one or - perhaps" bartenzer." Calm, muggy; 8/10 overcast. | 1615, mi. 1.15 E, 7 (5 or 2?) ads. Feed on tiny new leaves of 60' tree w. little foliage (across from Bridham Rd. entrance). Why so many or or, & no juvenes? Spaced out - at least 10' from each other. about 150 yds. from the 7, mi. 1.1 W., adult or (2 seen here at times). | of 7, 4 welled 6' from or, but no interactions. Overcast; rain + wind. | 1800, 3 in tree near E. edge too field, about
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Koford, CB 13 Colobus abyssinicus 20 September 1965. Ritule Forest; Toro, Uganda 0.25 on S. side Brid. Rd. (100yds. NW of tree C). But none in trees A,B,C. | after showers, 1800, still 3 there + none in A,B,C. 1825, at least 5 ad. in 3 trees to E of mi. 1.15 (prob. the same) the closest 8' apart, 10 to 20' from tops tree having little leafcrow (tiny) And still an ad. & 40' up fine new-leaves tree at .05 on ribbon Rd. Overcast + drpping. 1850, still 2+ at foot tea field, nr 0.25 Pr. Rd. (the usual "tree C" group?). 21 September 1965. In morning, 0800 the 3 still there. | 0920, Bridham Rd. .05, 2 ad. of (cranes) in larish tiny new-leaf tree. When approached, they looked to another tree, then descended to ground, crested through brush+ herbs + ascended short dist. up stater was foliaged tree (photod first). | The group of 7 adults still to E. of mi. 1.1, same tree as yesterday, eating tiny leaves (senile alt., leaves folded, serrate venis. hang down both side branch D x-sect.). Then 0935. | 0940 mi. 1.2 to W., 5 ad. + black inf. One descended to 15' to feed on Marlebania flowers. Apparently; mother w. inf., 2 other ad. ff, 2 juv., of of 2-3 yrs., big of, senior ad., one redtail in same tree. | Heard the grotting calls, about 1/4 mile to E of mi. 1.2. Alto studies; colus. | 1010, mother w. holding. stayed 100+' from other, in crowm umbella tree. A C. bodius in same tree came to 6' from her & stayed 10+ min.; then departed to S. | 1100, across road, to N. (of highway) of Bawnell, saw 3 ad. and 3 redtail 50+ yds. from pool in shrub + small tree vegetati. Once a redtail stalked out branch toward Colobus, + latter looked at it & set retreated. C. badius
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Kofod, CB 14 Colobus abyssinicus 21 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda About 80yds. E. of them, 7 mon (1 juv.); all same band? Nearly saw 5± C. ladius within 100' of abyssinicus. There in fact to N. of highway & adjacent to it. They ate whole fresh green leaves, Macadamia size & shape (opposite, simple, crenally). One od. in branch tree but fellled off that leaf sprouts from trunk. 7 spread 100 yds. or above? Juven. in one tree (photo; skyline). /1225, mi. 1.1 on Sounmil Rd., 20yds. to E. and 3 to W. in trees. /1600, Bridth. Rd. 0.25, 50yds. to S., 6 at odor, + black inf. carried (tree & group?). And juven. 2-3yrs. None in tree A, B, C. /1625, mi. 1.3 W., 10± incl. juv. Seem prefer this tree or if planted. /1830, 1.9E., lone od. J7 in tree. Another lone od. J7 at mi. 1.6 W. 22 September 1965. Vividly; clear, calm. Walked trail at NE corner of 0815 tiny tie fields & saw 5 (+ one inf.) in treetops near stream. Few dead trees here. (C. ladius seen yesterday in branch tree in vicinity). /0910, Bridham Rd.. .05, 2od. J7J 40' up, together (to 3?). One descended when we were 200 yds. distant (same 2 double trees). / Mi. 1.35 W., single J7 od. looked thin tree (same oo before here?). / Mi. 1.2, gurgle calls to E'4 mi. up to 13 in succession, rising in pitch, then descending: 1000, .05 Bridh. Rd.; J7 atop five new loc'd tree to W. None in tree A, B, C, but 4+ to 5. of 0.25 (oo earlin.)? Rain at 1 p.m. 23 September 1965. Mod. foggy; slither, calm. 0755, on trail to creek at NE corner Bridham's tea field, 5+ miles with 10± C. ladius in scrambling thru leafy tree. Jumps shorter, starting farther out & end- (C. ab.) ing shorter than C. ladius. Saw 1 carried infant. On jumping same gaps, start farther back & end farther in than C. alyps., jumping higher & with greater abandon. 0810, J7 at mi top of most fallow 100 ft. tree (simple flowers, 4"), including inf. and (on + juven.) 100 yds.
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Koford 15 Colobus abyssinicus 23 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda 0840, Bridham Rd., .05 W., ad. ♀ 40' up, + redtail 100' away from him. The colobus (colerus?) to 6' from redtail not precisely in thin foliaged tree. 0850, mi. 1.2E., 7 ads. lobed in 30' tree (and - the 50' 29 gps.). Roosting, sprawling. I walked S. 0845 from mi.1.2. 0905, 7 (1 large juv.) in lare treetop 150yds. W. of road at mi. 1.4. 1015, mi. 1.55 W., one adult 100yds. W. 0940, turns back N. at K-8. At least slowly brightening around. 1005, 1.53, 2 od. ♀ in Marikhamia & adj. 80'tree; one looked off 50 yds. + other soon followed. 1020, the 7 still at 1.2E. Then all colobus seen in Census walk 1.1 to 2.1 + return, the ads saw 1 and 5+ redtails in walks. 1030, Bridham road, saw some here at A, B, C or elsewhere. //1200, on area of two juv. ♀ 2 ad.♀♀ to W. of mi. 1.1, ad.♀, +, juv.♀, & W. block inf. /1220, the 7 still at 1.2E. Occas. sunburn; 9/10 cloudy. /1243, adult apper- antly chasing (following?) another ad. near 0.1E. on Bridham road. at 1pm one of them. It descended when I to 48 yds. from tree. Hot, calm, bright. /1400, at least 4 ads. at 1.2E. when 7 had been all well in shade in foliaged tree & quiet. The 1.1W. heterophyll gp. present on of 1.1 E = +10? +1 augmented; apparently 4 od.♀♀. Out across road, E. of cut, 2 ad.♀♀, prob. unused ones. /1625, ♀, one ad.♀ in tree. 1.1 W. severe. 1.21E., 6 ads. seen. Rain showers then. I saw 2 in near bare tree (few new foliage) at forest edge of Bridham's tea field, 200yds NE house. Later C. Goodiss in this tree. /1800, sweeping forest tops 1 to 3 miles 5E of Bridham's house, I saw gps. of 4, 1, 6, 1, +1. Then after sunset & clearly identifiable at long range. 24 September 1965, 0745 from Bridham's house, saw some in well leaved tallin tree at edge forest at N. edge tea field, 300 yds. NE of house. at least 4, incl. adult W. block inf. /0915, drove S. on road. Mi. some 1.4E, W. +2, at least 5 (when 7 yesterday morning). 0830, E. of 5.7, heard the
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Koford, C13 Gobus abyssinicus 24 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda gurgling hawks of one sex. / 1100, edge forest NE corner Pritham's tea field, 2ad., 2ado., juv., & inf. (=6) resting on high branches. the alarm at me, fur. inf. away, but 3ado. stayed 'seul min.' / 0815,mi. +4f, 5at (when 7 seen yesterday mom). 0830, mi. 5-5, fast gurgling hawks Yeri. SE./ 1100, edge forest NE corner Pritham's tea field (start of "chip path"), 2ad., adad, 2 more ads., juv., ll.inf. (=6 at). When I to 50yds., 9 away w. inf., but 3ado. stayed. Then I saw 5+ in the 7at 5yds. E. of there, + latter gp. moved E. (all me gp.?)). This second gp. 2lig 3 3/4, 2 juvs. (at least one ad.), + ? Big & crowns seen on front view. 1 5+ about 5yds. to W., a band of C. bodlei's three trees at lawn level./ 1215, mi. 1-2 E., 7 adults as before, resting in shade in well-laved tree. Approached, crossed to other tree, then down to branches & away, but some climbed up 20+' after 50+ yds. Left singly, widely spaced. Undertory much nettles to 6' tall. This bird very contented location. Feeding had been in sparse new-leaved Celtis trees. 25 September 1965. Walking S. on road from 1.0 starting 0835, knick tail 50+ ads. at 1.2 E., 5at at 1.45 W., 5ado. at 1.97E (when last eve). These last included short tails ad, [illegible], same as prev. seen at 1.4 ? In Celtis tree 40' tall. [Back at?], set at 1.45W. 7/vid., 2 juvs.) + 1 C. bodlei's. / 1040, 1.1 W., 5 ads.+ juv.; same alt Celtis. Prith. Rd. 1.3, 150yds. W., 9+ inf., wid. 2adad, 2 ad, 2 juvs, presenting? One tail down but rear -> another, turned head lock to side & open ed & closed mouth 'seul x', so if in equivalent of presenting & lipsmuth. Then rolled away. / In census walks about 1710 saw gp. 6 at at Prith. Rd. .05W., as before. and gp. 7ado, prob. 1.2E gp., at 1.95E also usual gp. about 7 at 1.48 W., 4 5 ads at 1.97E. One of last "hinky" adult [illegible] ad. Kurt said he & another originally both crooking,
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Koford, CB 17 C. abyssinicus 25 September 1965. Kibale Forest, Torg Uganda. In separate trees, + crooked even ladder when moving thru trees. Sometimes one seemed to give the "clump" & other the crook. Not seen to chase each other or others. -At b This gp. 2070 349; fed in Celtis. 26 September 1965. 0815, from Bridman house, 3 about 500yds. NE in forest me. came the field, high in sparse foliage. / about 200yds. N. of the field, in Bridhams N. corner forest, saw 7 in top tree (Mada-hania w/o flowers?); included small & larger juvs, apparently 2070, 4 349 ads. usual gp. of this cover area? / 0930, 9/10alts statua atop as Macrospia color. None in tree A, B, C on Bridham's road. But 2 in Shea to E. of .10 or same road (1 or both A). 0950, 1.1E, 4or + ads. (-the usual 1.2E. 7?). / 1000, 1.2W, 6 at incl. 03, 4, 2 juvs. (large + smaller both 03 03; there the tree A "gp. probably, as I saw the 4 w. birds seen in R. brow. On 10-15' Trama and other small tree lists, road & large trees. Later 6 at once in near bare Celtis, eating small green leaves; pull branch to mouth & bite off leaves. / 1045, mi.+ .4W 1.44 W., 5 at incl. 2 juvs, + one C. bodius (always as w. the gp. of 7 here?). Mostly in Celtis, tho Canapa adjoins. 1.68E, one adult. / 1725, 1.68W, 4ort in area w. 5 redtails, 1 C. bodius, 1 C. mitis. 1735, 1.95E, usual E. 5 ads. including beak-tailed 03. / 1745, 2.65W, in tree on hill, 7 ads, + white infant. 27 September 1965. 0820, mi. 1.0W. in tree edge forest in open near road, the "A" band including "swoytooth" ad. 03; seen R. brow? This gp. 13; 3od 03, 2 subod. 03 03 5ad. 4, 3 juvs. (03, 2?). Ad. gv. juv. 4; ad. left; juv. to tree & again groomed. "Swoytooth" at together + new brow & together on bare top of tree. / 0900, 1.1E, 6 ads. spread 80 yds.; incl. 2 4 4; probably the 1.2 E usual 7. / 0910,
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C Koford 18 Colobus abyssinicus 27 September 1965, Kibale Forest Tora, Uganda. 1.33 E., 4 ov in 100' Danish Balanite tree, where rarely seen; wary, & retreats when I over 100 yds from tree, 11.35 W., 4 (at least + ads, + ♀ juv. 1 in tree near C. lodiuis. One sat 3' from loduius. C. a. making coughed w. tongue out, makes "razzberry" sound. /0930, 1.4 W, 1 od. rested atop tree (where sometimes gp. of 7). 1.7 E, od eating Malkania flower buds. /1030, sev'l of band A" at 1.0W, + 2 C. lodiuis in same tree. Subtle but prob. retreat slightly from loduius. /1100, Bridh. Rd. to E. in well foliaged (Olea?) tree, 6+2 infs. And (Not part band A??). / Pu.K. A 2 N., 7 mil. 2 juvs. (1 od, 3 ♀ ads. ident.;) juv. w. ad. ♀ in Celtis + Merker Malkania. Ad. ♀ grv. ad. ♀ /1600, 10+ in same tree as seen & photos'd this morning, 1.0 W. / In census also saw gp. at 1.1 E (5 od.): 1.37 E (5 mil juv.) ♀; 1.95 E (5 ad.) (at 1.37 E., 5 when seen in mon. with C. lodiuis.). / at 1.13E, 5 ads, + seemed to eat spherical fruits of (Coffee?). 28 September 1965, Band of "A" at about same place as yesterday morning, 1.0 W. Also 7 ads. to E. of (l) as usual. Overcast; showers 11 a.m. /0915, 2 in area of 3 C. lodiuis in forest nr. Bridhan's NE corner. /0955, to K-6 (mi. 0.3) and + saw gp. of 11 in partly bare tree 150 yds. E. Included 3 infs. (held by mothers; grayish lower backs), 2 ad.♀♀, 4 ad. ♀♂ (3 with infs.), subad. ♂, juv. 3 ♀♀ (with + w. inf.). 2 ♀♀ together; one took (or was given) inf. held by other, & no further interaction btw. ads. All within 20' dist on same big open level. One inf. (1 yr.?) to Mother holding inf. & passed her inf.; then sat calmly alongside. Ad. ♀ to 4w. inf.
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Koford, CB 19 Colobus abyssinicus 28 27 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda and lettr gr. first. Ad.♂ desc. limb 6' to 2' from ♀; his penis (flesh color) was erect for 5+ sec. Juv.3(yr.-est.) to ad.♀ and ground her; then reverse. Two mifs. wrestled + but playfully, zebra-like. Ad.♂ gr.♀ briefly. Other ad.♂ sat quietly 1' from ♀ w. inf. ♀♀ grooming much. ♀ gr. ad.♂, which then lay prone. ♀ w.inf. 6' to another ♀ and groomed her. Time of resting + grooming; no feeding. A few raiders 10/15. ♀ to ad.♂, which crouched & she ground him. (Apparent chirup cries Yr mile E.; no react. Colobus.) Juv.(2-yr.) held one inf. near betw. his lines as if in mating. (Imms.= 3 inf., juv.2, juv.3♂, subad.♂.) Carla K. saw C.loduis ascend tree; C.alys. looked nervously toward it (but I approaching in grass). C.lb. sat 1' from a C.q., which soon moved up; C.lb. moved up too, & after a couple of moves sat in former place of the C.alys. But all example giving way to Colobus. | 1400, 100 yds.W. of Bridham's NE corner, 4 ads.+2 inf., with 3 C.loduis in same tree. 100 yds.E. of corner, 5 (incl.ad.♀; 1 juv.; 3yr.juv.♂) in small-leaved Celtis. 1500, usual 7 ads. at 1.2E./1505, 1.4E., 4+inf.(ad.♂, subad.♀, ad.♀, ♀w.inf.), and at least 3 C.loduis within 200 ft. Rain showers. | 1735, 100yds.E. of Bridham's Road 0.1, 12+incl.juvs.seting leaves vigorously; apparently brand "A" (=13). In Celtis and Olea (their foliage; eat?). | 1740±, 1.2E gp.5 ads.sat tiny new Celtis leaves. 1.35E., ♂, 3♀, 1inf.again. 1.95E; usual 5 ads.(w..limb tail ♂) in 3 tree, spread 80yds.-constant location. 2.2E.; 5 ads.+inf.at site(mostly Celtis) where group
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Koford, CB 20 Colobus abyssinicus 28 September 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda of C. ludius seen in eve a few days ago. 1.85E, 5 (w, jnr.) ting. Then about 1845. 29 September 1965 alts strobus overt, colm. Saw no monkeys from Bridhan's House. Walked forest edge to Chirip Rd., N. to crek, & saw but 1, heard 1. But 10+ (prob. "A") in area E. of P.R. O.I (saw & scan r brow). / 1.22E, 5 abs. in 2 tree (usual 5) sat quietly; or sat close behind 4v. hand on her shoulders for 10+sec. 1.25W., 3 out in 50'Markhamia. 7.15a. About 12 m, usual band A. nr. O.I on Bridhan Rd. Disturbed by photographer's approach. One worked up and struck another above. Then are of tourist groups, & lately fairly constant this site in Celtis, Olea, & Markhamia; visible from Rogers Rd. too at 1.0W., / 1645 & again an hour later, lone ad. or 1.3W. in Markhamia tree (some C. ludius within 5yds.). The usual 5 ads. at 1+1.95E. 1.2 OE., 7 ads. (usual), all in one 40'tall Markhamia w. few flowers. 30 September 1965. Thincerus boza. P.Rd..1E, large gp. in Olea (= A). Mi. O. 4W., Rogers 5m rd.), 7 ads.+ the gray inf, as seen last eve (inf. black brown, & falcip, lut most back & tail gray-white). Inf. sawt. 2' from mother, apper. feeding self, in Celtis tree with small leaves + flowers. / See C. ludius note on inter-actin lictw. species. / K-6, more about 1030. But usual 5 ads. at 1.95E (3 in well-leaved Celtis). / Area Njugata bridge, rarely seen the many Celtis & Markhamia prevent. Perhaps big trees too isolated for easy jumps between?
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Koford, CB Colobus abyssinicus 30 September 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda (1.25 land) 1650, 1 I E, 7 ad. as usual; some in coffee (?) trees, which bear 15 mm fruits. Boik at 0.4w, saw 7 ad. again, same place; 1 grey inf., and one ad. C. guereza similar as some. 1 October 1965. T0: Toro Game Preserve, Wasa R., Toro, Uganda (E.) Arrived at old Bushman camps 1/2 mile downstream from Wasa R. bridge about 1 p.m. Saw 5+ in tree 100 yds. from camp. Across river to N., 6+ in trees on river. From Waza Camp, 1/4 mile above bridge, saw 6 ad. in two ovens river, to W., resting. Conspicuously larger white hair on back + tail than at Kibale, & tail tuft cleaner whiter, so white more conspicuous. Milled shrubs + trees along river in irregular belt after 1/4 mile wide; few tree over 80 ft. /1640, 55 N/E "Gp. A" A 150 yds. S/W of camp, 9 (2 juv) in top + side fresh gum mod. hard (simple alt. deciduous) tree. Walked upstream; 1713, 1/4 mile W. camp on N. side river diam. "Gp. B" B (along large Y shaped tree, 3 ads. There in isolated patch 100 yds. across; to home must E.W. cross 100' min. of grass, to W. Tail tends conspic., espccr when run. /1805, (2gp C)E (often, & + inf.) C 200 yds. N/W of camp in top fine new leafed tree, many - Kristi counted 14+ max.-feeding "Gp. A" gone, but 3 in P big-leafed tree 50 yds. W. of site. At 1805, barkers heard, + gp. 9 Papio seen in large big leafed tree 100yds. 15 E N/W of camp, within 50 yds. of where Colobus seen earlier. 2 October 1965. 0200, gurgling bands of Colobus from 2 or 3 sites in area camps A and C; apparently 2 howled from area of C. Also Papio barkers, which perhaps startled the colobus. (Disturbance calls?). Resident to about 6 groups in night bowling at disturbance. /0700, bands C and A' still in trees, tho I saw only C at former (3 latter). Long drizzly rain then. The gurgling calls heard about 0630. These gps. still present 0900, as rain continued. /1110, I saw one ad. on their branch of tree on S. bank, 200 yds. downstream from opposite camps. Band "C" (8 ads + gray inf.)
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Koford, c/b 22 Colobus abyssinicus 2 October 1965 Toro Game Preserve, Toro Uganda in same tree as before (inf. to 1' from mother). Went to area .2 mi. S. of game lodge (about 1.5 mi. S. of bridge) & scanned for monkeys where can overlook treetops. Atop W. bank in tree, saw 3 obs. About 250 yds. S. of these, 3 in top green round-topped tree, + 2 obs. 200 yds. S. of these in dead topped tree & another 200+ yds. farther S. These about now; hot, best way. Using binos + telescope to sweep tops trees from top of E. bank, when saw see 4/2 mile out of forest along stream. Back at camp, two who heard C was much had sample alt. leave. 3" long, digitate veins @. Walked in the woods 1/4 mile E. + looked, but visibility shot so walking an elephant paths easy. The clump tree across R. from Wora Camp still bed gp. 16.50, mil. jun.; this clumps about 75 yds. wide, then an animal would have to go thru grass gp. Probably forest to bridge to S., area of "B" prob. closest gp. N. of bridge (1 seen thru eve), the two about 3/4 mile apart. Rain. 3 October 1965. Alto-cu-strat. clouds. Monkeys at tree C, A', and m. B. Counted up to 10 (+inf.) of C; by 0800 then bed word 100 yds. E. in trees. A band of 20+ Pop's spent night within 200+ yds. of the C. a. in trees. Both colobines at night. 10 a.m., from near lodge saw 1 or 2 in mature only. Calm, muggy, 9/10 overcast. At 1155, 2 or 3 still in tree B, only about 5 yds. from. Returned to near lodge 1700 & surveyed forest. Saw gps. of 4 (1 jun.), 4 (1 juv.), 4 (1 juv.), 1, + heard one other. Closest gps. about 250 yds. apart. Their foli-age most there so counts difficult. 4 October 1965. Cu-stratus overcast. About 0700, 5 or + in tree (100yds NE of tree C), top of high rounded tree. 3 or + near tree B. /0900, surveyed 1/4 mile E & S. of game lodge. Saw gps. of 4 at (2 juv.) and similar
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Koford,58 23 Colobus abyssinicus 4 October 1965 Toro Game Preserv. Toru Uganda grs. 300 yds. S.; other grs. of 2 and 3 at. Moved further S. to watch. Saw in dead tree grs. of 8 (1a jnr.-1) + inf. (prob. complete grs.), sitting, lying, grooming; at least 1 ad. M, prob. 2. | Heard the rattling call & than another one from 1/4 mile distant: then both - could be territ- orial warning, the males show no excitement at it. | Bunch of Papio to 150 yds. from, in tree, 4 occes. barks. | The 8 bunches in 20' diam. in same tree. a rattle (C. mit.) within 50 yds. | 10:25, another grs., 1/2 mi. S. lodge, 7 or t, feeding in the foliage in center river forest band. Muggy, warm; alto cumulus clouds, but no rain morning. | 1500, returned to area S. of lodge & searched river] 5 October 1965. 7 a.m., 8+ in tree A', 200 yds. SSE of camp, incl. 2 jnr. + 1 inf. (saw them last eve too). And in top of big round topped tree at B (500yds. S. camp), 5, only the tails showing, all in an even line as if on one limb (1 jnr.). Last eve also 2 at in treetop C. at side tree for monkeys. Saw grs. of. 4 (jnr: 1), 5, 9 (2 jnrs), 8 (3 jnr. mips.), 9 - the 9+8 about 200' apart, possibly same grs., about 1/2 mile S. of lodge. The 9+5 about 300 yds. apart. Good visibility after showers. Black & white hornbills often on treetops & at first taken for monkeys. Fish eagle flew slowly over stream. 5 October 1965. | Overcast & threatening, but only a few drops. 0900, area S. of lodge surveying treetops N to S. About .2 mi. S. lodge, to W., 5 (2-3 jnrs. played wrestled, dangled from limb wrestling, until dropped into foliage), 5 + jnr 1, 3,6,3,β, 7 - all there in about .4 mi. distance along river. Moved to .5 S. of lodge, where grs. 9+ 8 last eve; none in same tree, but 100 yds. N. in dead tree counted 11, apparently no inf.s & perhaps no small jnrs. a grs. of 4 at 500' ``` ```json {"text": "Koford,58\n23\nColobus abyssinicus\n4 October 1965 Toro Game Preserv. Toru Uganda\ngrs. 300 yds. S.; other grs. of 2 and 3 at. Moved further S. to watch. Saw\nin dead tree grs. of 8 (1a jnr.-1) + inf. (prob. complete grs.), sitting,\nlying, grooming; at least 1 ad. M, prob. 2. | Heard the rattling call &\nthan another one from 1/4 mile distant: then both - could be territ-\norial warning, the males show no excitement at it. | Bunch of\nPapio to 150 yds. from, in tree, 4 occes. barks. | The 8 bunches in\n20' diam. in same tree. a rattle (C. mit.) within 50 yds. | 10:25,\nanother grs., 1/2 mi. S. lodge, 7 or t, feeding in the foliage in center\nriver forest band. Muggy, warm; alto cumulus clouds, but no\nrain morning. | 1500, returned to area S. of lodge & searched river]\n5 October 1965. 7 a.m., 8+ in tree A', 200 yds. SSE of camp, incl. 2\njnr. + 1 inf. (saw them last eve too). And in top of big round topped tree\nat B (500yds. S. camp), 5, only the tails showing, all in an even line\nas if on one limb (1 jnr.). Last eve also 2 at in treetop C.\nat\nside tree for monkeys. Saw grs. of. 4 (jnr: 1), 5, 9 (2 jnrs), 8 (3\njnr. mips.), 9 - the 9+8 about 200' apart, possibly same grs.,\nabout 1/2 mile S. of lodge. The 9+5 about 300 yds. apart. Good\nvisibility after showers. Black & white hornbills often on treetops\n& at first taken for monkeys. Fish eagle flew slowly over stream.\n5 October 1965. | Overcast & threatening, but only a few drops.\n0900, area S. of lodge surveying treetops N to S. About .2 mi. S. lodge,\nto W., 5 (2-3 jnrs. played wrestled, dangled from limb wrestling, until\ndropped into foliage), 5 + jnr 1, 3,6,3,β, 7 - all there in about .4\nmi. distance along river. Moved to .5 S. of lodge, where grs. 9+\n8 last eve; none in same tree, but 100 yds. N. in dead tree counted 11,\napparently no inf.s & perhaps no small jnrs. a grs. of 4 at 500'"}
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Koford, CB 24 Colobus abyssinicus 5 October 1965. Toro Game Preserve, Toro Uganda. yds. farther S. (Front then thinned to 5). Warmy, calmy 8/10 overcast. as sky brightens monkeys descend into foliage, mostly out of sight. (Ad. + juv. C. aethiops) top are folaged 80+' tree, visible on rounded crown, tho no other spp seen in tree). | about 4 mile S. of. Woro Camp, walked to E. side new, when tree somewhat sparsely, saw 6 (incl. 1 inf, 1 juv.) 1030 in small tree; not always tallest, right or tree, & rarely most folaged. | Then directly opposite Woro camp, saw none in usual small clumps (leaves ?). | 1120, nr. camps, 2 playing by tree B. and 2 there 1500 (1 juv.). [Photod the A,B,C']. Only 5/10 overcast; wind 5 lbs. | 1700, about 7 ascended saw 9 60' new-folaged tree at edge grass 100 yds S. of our camp & fed (leaves smooth, D about 4"x1", simple & alt.) (some small flowers ?' too). incl. 2 juv. tops. 4 juvs. (2 about 1 yr) and subad., 07, no infs. I approached slowly afoot, & 1-2 at x they descended & jumped or dropped down into bushes, 2 juvs. first, an adult last. One big 07 came to close branch & fac-ed me as if in threat. All gone when I about 60 yds. dist. | Noe seen nr tree B, but at 1540 about 9 (+ gray inf.) in top of tree C, where foliage sparse. | Heard none at night from camp. 6 October 1965. 0700, 2 or t in tree B, seen in tree A' (mod heavy foliage; simple large dull leaves - the most consistently used roost tree, tho small), and 9 in top of C - seen still there at 1000, & I collected sample les. & fruit. (Round grow fruits 5 mm diam; leaf veins rather digitate; pale bark somewhat scaly, buttressed trunk, no epiderm.) Mon.
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Kofad, CB 25 Colobus abyssinicus 6 October 1968 Toro Game Preserve, Toro Uganda droppings (balls) undetected which used both for root & feeding. Eol-eat fruits or tiny flowers. Tree only 40' tall, or less. Stopped at upper game camp, about mile 5, & was told same in long adjacent Wesa R. valley, tho aspect rather driv dry than near game lodge.. I saw one also; good view of crowns from above. | Back in Kibale Forest, large gp. (1500 and casual) (1400-700) in tree A, when not seen for long. Counted 9 (3 juvs. 2-3 gro., 3 ad. ?????, 3 ad. ??, ?one left u ?one left u yrs., 3 ad. ????, 3 ad. ??, one left u ). Biggest had slanting scar over L eye, medial O' O'. Then ate the Celtis leaves. One gr. & w. inf. Juv. gr. adult, + reverse. Inf. ate some leaves or held to mother (rump grayish, ?not elongated.)' /About 1730, mi. 0.4 W., 7 incl. ?? and gray inf. (2nd some gp. or seen late Sept?), limit 50 yds. N. a gp. of 4 large ads. (3 or all ????) / From K-6 on road, saw 7 (incl. 2 small juvs.) 200 yds. S. (poor view). 1840, tree A, only the scan - brow ??, but several more in tree A,
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C. Koford Colobus abyssinicus 7 October 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda 1555, two A mms. Pritham's road, 9 (+inf.), largest ? with seen over L. eye. It came to close side thr + faced us as if threatening. One gave tiny blobs of food; jerles; like rhinus thread but much less moist. Some eating Celtis leaves. /1625, N. of highway, 200 yds. E. of saumill, 5 CA ods. in one Markhamia tree, apparently eating leaves & buds. /1700, 0.6 mi. on saumill road, W. side, gp. of 10?, w. 10+ jiv., 10+ inf., 10+ ad. ? (usual + gp.?). L.E. Light rains; drove S. /1.35E, 4 od + jiv. 1(a mt.), upper same gp. as seen before here. 1.35 W., a gp of 8? near tree where 5+ C. boodvis, + one od. to same tree. Showers. (the 1.4 W. [55?] gp. of 7?). /1.75W., single ad.? in tree. /1.95W., kinky-tail ? + 3 other ads. (another pruit?), eating Celtis leaves, quickly. First time seen on W. side road here! No more to K-8 sign, as returned N. In same tie w.4 at 1.35E, about 3 redtails. 1.35W., one a rare in big Baconite, where C. boodvis saw shot x ago. 8 October 1965. 1700, 3/10 camulus, calms. Along Pritham's road, in tree A", 2a+ jivs. in gp., probably the 9 (scar L eye ?). Now seen to K-6 + bch 5. 1745, 1.36E, 3(a 4) ods.+ jiv.1 (gp. not usual seen). 1.45E, 9+2 white infs. and 1 black big inf.; 30? seen for including "stamp tail" - he came closest to us, as if in threat. long ? One white inf. all white hair, silky + wavy, + pink skin showing at throat; prob. from recently. One redtail similar as one, s a C. boodvis to 6' from one. /1815, 1.55 W., 7a+ incl. 2at jivs, 2a+ od.? ??. The ???? hurried off to S, leaving 3 ads in first Celtis while others incl. jivs. to N. (prob. the 1.4W. gp of 7? at; a wary bunch). /1850, still gp. in tree "A" + vicinity, Pritham Rd.
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C. Koford 1965 27 Colobus abyssinicus 9 October 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda About 10 a.m. I walked from home to 1.5 on road & back. 2gp of 4+ in tree A and adjacent. As I passed at 150yds, ad. D came 50' toward me in true & sat crunched facing me, head low - possibly unrested penis is displayed in this posit. Later some sat in rain in open on high brancher. When kids ascended tree house to watch, gps retreated to adj. tree on far (SE) side of A. 1/1 E, I saw 4 at ado, probably the 1.2 gp. of 7. 1.35 E, 3 (n+?) ado. + juv. 1 (n ado. inf.); prob. sexual 4. And at 1.25 W, 3 or + ado. (= ?). / In gps A area, Kolf counted 7 ado, 2 juvs, 1 big infant (=10). About 2 hrs. after ascended tree (0930), some adults returned to tree A and fed; 5 ado. in A while juvs. + inf. played in first tree, but finally came to A. / Rain midday + afternoon. 10 October 1965. Vicinity Dawa Ruin in Kibale Forest, on road S. of Kigarama to Pujodi. About 2.5 mile forest along road; about 90', no scent cutting, poisoning, & can walk about in forest fairly well. Dark tree close, & few died compared to Rogers samuil area. Saw no Colobus in 2 hours driving up & down road, & walking, midday (redtail present, heard chimp). / In forest patch .3 to 1.4 mi. S. of Kanyawara ranger house, at least 2 bands of 7+ along road. Wary; flee fast at appr. to 50yds. of tree. In one gp, 7 in succession followed same route at fairly regular intervals of 1/4 to 1/2 min. Jumped 12' gap, crossing about 100' above roadbed, landing in resilient rod-folaged branch. No cutting or poisoning here; the understory woody & possible. 11 October 1965, Kolf's Kristi watched gp. of 9 from tree house; in tree A + vicinity. Saw 4+ infant D. & large juv. D play-wrestled w. biggest D7. One 4 appeared to be pregnant. Still in there trees at 12 M. / 1030, 1.13 E., 2 n + ado. feeding on Celtis; pull twigs to mouth, 1055,
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C. Koford Roford 28 Colobus abyssinicus 11 October 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda 1.7 W., 5 ad. + big juv., resting in trees, 3 in close bunch. [Ref] + on bd A. Kieti reported: at first monkey hidden, but soon came into space - heard Oltie (tree A), where fed, jumped about. Soon went E. 100' into tree B = subod of (rook like jumps). In that tree 2 or 7, one smaller than other; "seen came later; when eye" or, the largest & apparent dominant one, stopped first time he arrived tree B, another ad. or to him & groomed. Once adult & chased subod of out on branch. "Seen or" rested, lying in branch; juv. or (smallest juv.- about 1-2 yr.) to him, pulled at his cars & head, & soon ad. or up, & both in play fight, nuzzling w. bared teeth, clutching shoulders. An ad f (pregnant?) to top tree B, where 3-4 other crowded around her, prob. to groom; with 9 yr. & juv. to tree B' (S. of B), & soon others came over, but seen or stayed high in tree B (control leader or?). When or juv. to tree B' (?) to an adult or & was groomed. Later, leaving tree B' for B, 9 (4?) first; then 9 followed closely by juv. 9, then others, including an ad. or & a juv. in the B'. The mother w/ & inf. stayed fairly long. End of obs. Overcast but bright; calm. 12 October 1965. Last eve after rain; rest in tree A on Problem Rd; this morning 10+ in this tree. Girls saw 10 or, 3 or + juv., to N. of or on Bridle Rd.; probably the 13. They also 2 ad. or or near 1.1 E, and at 1.5 E., "stump tailed" or alone in tree. / Rain midday. 1530, stutzer,occas. sprinkle. I walked S. on road. Tree A nr. Bv Rd, seen in tree A (Celtis), doubtless the same brown or gp. At 1.55 E., I saw same 1/2 hr. later "stump tail or alone on 30' high dead branch, resting. To 2.14 & bore N, & at 1.6 W. saw 9 or 10 (2 juv.), rather wary gp. (the 1.4W. gp?). There in Celtis, 4 started to flee when I stood 50 yds. from tree in open.
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C. Koford 29 Colobus abyssinicus 12 October 1965. Kilale Forest, Toro Uganda Back at Bridlow Rd. 0.15, 1 ad. about 200 yds. N., feeding in sup. tree (Terminalia? M. ?); when seen in morning / In the B, sev'l, including "scar brow" 17 - the usual 9. One jr. (1 yr?) had 2 cm. white spot on chest (sternum). A subod. or wrestled w. a jr. (2 yrs.?), grabbing shoulders, mouths open. Ad. 4 to the subod. or soon, & or gr. 4. This at 1810, before sunset. Appar. prgn. 4 gr. other 4 ad. 1818, gurgling calls to E. of road near O. I.O.E. 13 October 1965. Several calls heard early, about 0645. Later Boli walked to area 1.65 W., & saw gps. of 9 (same or latter?) Two od. 27 near, 4 27 and another od. of gp. chased the 2 off. 6000+ ft' 18 October 1965. Kapwata, N. side Mti Elgon, Uganda (in siti River) A forested slope of 1000' acres about 1 mile S. of rest house. Slope of N. aspect. In evening heard calls from at least 2 places here. I climbed to "fire town" in upper part of softwood plantation - a 100' rock w. shelter atop. Good lookout spot for treetop monkeys. About 1730 saw 1, & eventually 4 ads. including one w. ½ tail missing, in front of brood of trees against the E. face of the rock. White hair of back larger than at F.T. Patol; probably tail too - for I saw one man w. white tail tips on stick or fly whirls, and another one near Bumasifwa (17th). If possession permitted, how prevent killing? Rain right. 19 October 1965. Heard one early. Later rain, rain. In occasional lifts clouds surveyed forest slopes and saw gps. of 7, 3, 4 at dist. about 1 mile; gps in tops green trees (one dead), all 200+ yds. apart,
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C. Koford 30 Colobus abyssinicus 19 October 1965. Kapkwata, NEMt Elgon, Uganda about 300 to 600' above level Lito River, about 1/2 mile in from forest edge. But I saw one adult feeding atop tree 70 yds. from road, 1/4 mile NW of rest house, within 1/4 mile edge village. I have let up rain now, but clouds darkened again. Rain at night 20 October 1965. Rain all day. About 4 p.m., after rain stopped, went to top of fire tower (150' rock overlooking forest). At base of the rock, saw 4 (1 jnr), incl. "stump tail." Two climbed several yards up rough rock cliff face. They ate leaves of compound leaved tree w. trip leaves red, very small ( ). Trees about 80'; about 1/2 height of cliffs. / Two ads. in 80' green tree at edge forest to W. of town. And below + SW of town, where 1 1/2 claim. cypress tree at forest edge, 2 juns, + 2 at ads., 2 or 3 being on dead old fallen logs in the rudaceous tangle, 50' from forest edge (not just a forest crown heart). On alarm, three climbed up into cypress trees. / Visibility good, but I discovered more in - (3 + 1/2 at near edge forest). discular sweeps of about 2 sq. mi. of forest to S & W. More atop trees in mornings? No rain evening. 20 October 1965. No rain night, but overcast morning. Heard calls to S. of rest house. On slopes to S. I saw 3 (1 jnr.). Walked to top of fire tower (arrived 10:30); cloud bottom 100' above. / To SSE at edge forest (edge plantation), 6 (2 juns.), 3 being in low tangled veg., about three 10' high, 20 yds. from forest edge, + 2 ads. in tree at edge. (3 seen same area last evening.) I swept forested slopes with telescope. Saw 9 in gp. on near side road, near Lito River; many mounts rec- essory before seeing full number. Also to SWW, nvr. side rain, 1 adult
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C. Koford 3/30 Colobus abyssinicus 20 October 1965 Kapwata, NE Mt. Elgon, Uganda 7000' atopine forest. In solid swamp of N. aspect forested slope to S.; saw gps. of 1, 3, 3, 1, 1. / 105g swept slopes to W.N.W. + saw g.p. 100' below crest to W.N.W., 8 in crown one mod. tree. 200+ yds. down slope, 1 (W.S.W.). | Brightens about noon; ceiling 500+ ft. above tower. The close g.p. to S. had 4 ad., juv 1, juv 2, and white infant. Rotten all white, climbed on shoulder "mother." The juius wrestled playfully, 50' (1 gr. other) below others. Two ads. grooming using teeth + fingers. About 300 yds. upslope from there, also at forest edge, 4 or 5 (when can last see) by cypresses; 2 ads. on dead snag on ground (photo). | Look ing down over edge rock, saw 2 ads. including "stump tail." At site the red terminal leaves (small) of comp. led. tree. About a dozen trees along base of this cliff, + monkeys can go from one crown to another, apparently, & occasionally onto rock face. Simitat calls bring quick looks toward us (up). Sprinkler; left about 1330. | Summit 5W 3/8 3 W 1/4 | [Extent (area) estimate prob. very low; = 4 x prob.] Fire tower (Maps of plantation show nest house 7150') Plantation -> N. fire tower about 8100 and 2 mile (~1000' above) distant from N.B. Forest guard said 3 hinds monkeys; colobus, blue, & a black forest monkey which eats corn. | Returns to tower about 5 p.m., but dizzy. Saw 5 in area n. river where 9 this morning. 21 October 1965. Overcast 7-9/10 morning. I walked to town; an. Tower 1400. Walked forest trail (hr. but saw none. Stop tower 3 p.m. Occas. light shower. About 100 yds. SW of where 9 yesterday now, 300 yds. NW of near side road m. Kitii River, 6 in top leafy tree. In area betw. river + plantation, to S. tower, saw 2 singles, + head
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C. Kofad Koford 37. 32. Colobus abyssinicus 21 October 1965. Kapkwata NE Mt. Elgon, 7000', Sebei, Uganda By 16 30 C. mitis. I made long overlapping telescope sweeps across slope 1-2 mile away to S, SW, W, + saw ad 2 and 1, then in lower 1/4 of slope to S. Occas. sunshine thru clouds. /1650, 100 yds. SW of tower at edge forest, 1ad. or 30' up on open branch. White loin long well below level of body when sits. In jump, white loin extends - in gurgling "parachute effect. I heard falls, approx. 2 at least 200 yds. apart, in area to S. or near side river. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda. C13 27 October 1965. Road walking census starting 1500 from Rid- walk. homs. P.R. O.1 N, Y (3 ad. or, 1 juv.1) in Olea, most in bare tops. One or "srog tooth "w. seen over eye. The 13 family in tree A?? apparently, + not seen foo in Octob. / Near foot Rid. Rd., 5 or + (walk. inf., juv.2) - part of gp. in tree A early Oct. ?/ Summell road 0.7N, gp 5 or+ and 3 ads., 150 yds. apart, in sparse walk. leaved tree, 30-50' up. / 1.4W, 7 or + (later ad.ad or, juv.- 3); the usual 1.4 gp. of 8?, 1.49E, 5 ad.+ white inf. (ad. or - ); usual 5 prob. on same tree. / 1.7 E??, 2 or 3 ads. Y? + 1 C. ludwis. Heard gurgle calls me. 2.0. /2.1E, 5 or+ (walk.juv.1) in thick Celtis (?) tree 100 yds. from road (big gp. seen here at least once before)./ 1.53E, 2ad.oror 5 yds. apart in tree; 1="stump tail"(crown -), other crown -. Then 2 80 yds. from ad. or of gp. of 5 at 1.5 E. Lating gp.in juv.1 & white infant. 1.4W, 8 (2 juv.3), 6 being in single lucky tree within 30' distance, + 2 about 30 yds. distant. 1:2 W, =5(+m?) 1740, 4 ads.(walk. 4), + 50 yds. N. ad.w. black inf. 1.1W, 7 (incl. black inf.), one 50 yds. from other./Bridham Road, dusted 1745, 0.1N, 11 (2ad.or, 1 juv.-1). Eat Colobus leaves Celtis.
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C. Koford 33 Colobus abyssinicus 27 October 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda None in trees A, B, C. Rain hard at night. 28 October 1965. Several calls from different directions heard from Bridham house at 0630, when coles crowing + barely light enough to read outside. Same other mornings, more than at any other time of day. Sound a start rain does not start calls (as in howlers). 1555, Brid. Rd. 0.12 N. in Olea, 6+ including "snagtooth" ↓. Highest in tree a subdued ↓ vs. anterior crown silhouette ↓. 1610, Danmill Road 0.5 E., 4 ad + 2 juvs (1°2yrs.) in troller tree, sparse foliage, on w. twig new leaves (Celtis ?). Dead. 3 large ↓-↓, which fed in fine leaved top after others desc- ended. Slow driving (5 mph) 5 m road; saw none until 1.5 E, where "stump tail" ↓ alone. 2.05 E, 2 ads. in Celtis, but not see "binkle tail." Overcast, but drier & less threatening than yesterday; light breeze - and fewer monkeys seen! About 1730, 4 at + in Celtis mr Brid. Rd. 1.5 N. (snagtooth gp.?)- Then in fact ⅔ mile E. of Bridham's house, 6 (1 juv. 2) rapidly eating foliage (tree 300+ yds from tree "A". Heavy rain night, 08/5 29 October 1965. Low stories. 12p of 9t near start of Church Path, to N. P.R. 0.1 N., one adult (snagtooth gp. not seen). Walked S. 0830, 1.27 W., one ad. in top dead liq Balsamite. Calm, overcast; many flies; few monkeys out. Saw more dry 1.7, & nore walked back N./0955, gp. still near N corner of tea estate, but counted only 8 (3 juvs., 1 to 3 yrs.) in one spindly Olea top, 80' tall. Mod. foliage. Best seen ↓ highest (only ad.?)- One juv. = ↓. Occas. one pile or chew picked leaf, but little food. Juvs. espec. active; more about; grab, wrestle, mouth each
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C. Koford 34 Colobus abyssinicus 29 October 1965 Kitale Forest, Toro, Uganda other. Ad. gr. adult. Ad. gr. juv. One white inf., closely held but sometimes sat 1 ft. from od. Pink fore, black ears. 1023, 2 juvs. descended tree; rest stayed. 1033 still inactive. One choice of adult + 2 large juvs. X Pirope not solved. Only 4 definite adults. No other approached a handful white inf. by 1040. Brightening but seemed! 1650, to area Pirithan's N. corner. Near start Chimp Path, 5+ juv.-1 in new folaged Celtis (?) at edge forest, 20-30' up. 100 yds. NE of there, 7 or + at forest edge, 12-30' up. A third group, 8 or + (incl. 2 juvs). One od. in tree betw. 2 gps., possibly or having chased passing gp. to NE./Walked 5. on road. 1720, 1.3W, 5 or + 50' up in red. folaged (the 8 formerly at 1.4 W?) 1.3W. 1 adult, eating Mandelania leaves. 1.7W, 4 in a nr. dead tree. or, flesh penis erect, rushed to high branches as if in threat -> me; 1 C. troilus within 50' of gps. Alarm of gps. at about 100 yds. usually. No more seen by 2:1 on road; sunshine still (750). Back at 1.7W, od. or ./. 1840, 1/4 mi. E. Pir.D. House, 2 in thin top tall tree (Celtis?) and also black+ white hornbill perched within 50'. 30 October 1965. Rain 9 to 3 pm. 1600, alte statues. Chimp Corner, 4 + (incl. juv. 3), 40' up, w. rest tail 20' below in same tree. And 50 yds. NE of there, 3 ad. + juv.1 in Mandelania. Ad. or with tail tip ??; inside than thin white loin &zp. apparently; or, or?, 3ad. ?, juv.3, juv.1 = to. Flesh penis of or protrudes; display? As & to 50 yds. from tree, they turned three treelops to nearer tree. Saw second or, carried black inf.; possibly the 2 gps had joined, or gp. = 8 (2or, 3?, juv 3, juv1, inf.). The od or 5-tail close to &; there moved last to NW., she 10sec. after him + again sat close (6'). She crown 80' tree, there 2 ``` ```json {"text": "C.Koford 34 Colobus abyssinicus 29 October 1965 Kitale Forest, Toro, Uganda other. Ad. gr. adult. Ad. gr. juv. One white inf., closely held but sometimes sat 1 ft. from od. Pink fore, black ears. 1023, 2 juvs. descended tree; rest stayed. 1033 still inactive. One choice of adult + 2 large juvs. X Pirope not solved. Only 4 definite adults. No other approached a handful white inf. by 1040. Brightening but seemed! 1650, to area Pirithan's N. corner. Near start Chimp Path, 5+ juv.-1 in new folaged Celtis (?) at edge forest, 20-30' up. 100 yds. NE of there, 7 or + at forest edge, 12-30' up. A third group, 8 or + (incl. 2 juvs). One od. in tree betw. 2 gps., possibly or having chased passing gp. to NE./Walked 5. on road. 1720, 1.3W, 5 or + 50' up in red. folaged (the 8 formerly at 1.4 W?) 1.3W. 1 adult, eating Mandelania leaves. 1.7W, 4 in a nr. dead tree. or, flesh penis erect, rushed to high branches as if in threat -> me; 1 C. troilus within 50' of gps. Alarm of gps. at about 100 yds. usually. No more seen by 2:1 on road; sunshine still (750). Back at 1.7W, od. or ./. 1840, 1/4 mi. E. Pir.D. House, 2 in thin top tall tree (Celtis?) and also black+ white hornbill perched within 50'. 30 October 1965. Rain 9 to 3 pm. 1600, alte statues. Chimp Corner, 4 + (incl. juv. 3), 40' up, w. rest tail 20' below in same tree. And 50 yds. NE of there, 3 ad. + juv.1 in Mandelania. Ad. or with tail tip ??, inside than thin white loin &zp. apparently; or, or?, 3ad. ?, juv.3, juv.1 = to. Flesh penis of or protrudes; display? As & to 50 yds. from tree, they turned three treelops to nearer tree. Saw second or, carried black inf.; possibly the 2 gps had joined, or gp. = 8 (2or, 3?, juv 3, juv1, inf.). The od or 5-tail close to &; there moved last to NW., she 10sec. after him + again sat close (6'). She crown 80' tree, there 2"}
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C. Koford 35 Colobus abyssinicus 30 October 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda. stayed while I walked beneath a trail. They must often see the pedestrian. wood gatherers here. 1630 70' feeding; no flowers. ad. J, ad. J, jiv. 2, jiv 3, jiv 3, + others. Out range - drawn distal leaves . 7 in 10yds. down. Mod. thin foliage. out ( Late saw 2 tumors fusing top this tree). /1.15w., 5 ad. (10') + jiv. 1 in in' 50' Celtis, ate leaves; mod. folaged. Juv. ran to chest of ad. /1.2w, lead Boloviti area, 6 a+ mid. jiv. 2 (the 1.4W gp. of 8?). +5-1.9w, gurgling lo-ad calls of 1. No more seen by 2.1; walked back to N. (+ block ints.) 1810, calls from 1.15w. area when 6 ads., 3 being in top single Manibania, The PR 0.2N gp. 50yds. N. flower spot, in thick folaged Celtis. 1 November 1965. Fog; then alto stratus; rain (100). Slow drive S. few out! from 0.1 at 1530, food walking S. for 1.3, yet saw none until 2.1E. Then 6 (mid. jiv-2) in twig-new - found Celtis top, 30' tall; alarm + mort flee at 80yds. (1 big ad. stays). Nom run away back to PR house, jiv 2 2 November 1965. Samill Rd. 0. 85w., B (mid. jiv 3, ad. J) sprawling near road at edge gp. 40+ C. hodius, /In addition/, 1/20, 0.75 at 0.7N (one ad. at foot) N., 4 (mid. bl. inf., jiv. 3). Two more 50 yds. E. of den, so 3 gps. in view from one spot. also saw redtails, ?2 blue, same time. yet another 0.9E; stop only if less tree. / about (1215), the 2 mrs. 0.7N climbed down into lower denser way. + sat together on lembi; another ad. came from W. + sat 20yds. short of them, but no apparent alarms or threats. / 1250, 0.52w., one ad. 25' up; J7; thin new foliage, prob. Celtis. And 50yds. S, 2 under canopy in 40' tree, ? & prob. J7 ads. Much alarm when I walked near (on road, 100'). The 0.7N gp. of 3? /1620, 0.9E. 300 yds., 2 ad.+ jiv. 2. 4/0 alto ca. + series. 0.75N, 4 (some?)
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Koford, CB 36 Colobus abyssinicus 2 November 1965. 0.85W., 5 (same as earlier 6 prbs.) at edge C. lodius gp. / Walked 5. + saw more until 1.75W, when adult ate Merkebana's flowers buto. Alarmed, it bounded up & toward me 20' yds., to 40yds, left & faced my penis showing. Then bounded 50' away into thick jungle. 1830, 4ad. 2 juv (1+2) in new leaved tree edge fast & tea field, 100 yds S W of Chenips Corner. Tree 25 'high; I saw gp. thus a few days ago. Tree half height of adjacent (Olea?). 3 November 1965. About 0830, 0.6E., 2 (m+f) in treetops. One X10 +bl.inf. crowded, but not as close to observer. / 0.5W, 7 (jnv 2+3) in Olea (?) tree. 2 C. lodius within 50'. One in same Merkebana when C. lodius a few min. before. 2 ate Merkebana while C. lodius ^ set 10' distant. A juv + 2, near an adult; poked paw toward a small C. lodius which ran close (2') past. 4 fed at once in small Merkebana tree. / 0.2 3E. (=K-6 sign), 8+jnv+1 resting in tree, where seen early dept. Restail in same tree as 2. More trees, all, Merkebana & Celtis. Still here 1025. Drave S./1030, 2.02E.; 800+8-40 incl. jnv 1, jnv 2-3, 2 old adz., in mod folaged Celtis. 2 restails within 100'. The 2.1E. gp.? /1109 turned to N, driv- ing. 1.75W, 5 or t scrambled in alarm, at least 2 restals + 2 older scrambling with them. /About 1720, 1.28W, 6 (1 jnv-2). 2.05E., red-gp seen earlier prbs. 1.27W, 6 again. /1805, none along Bridman's NW border. /1 4 November 1965. Foggy; then sunshiny. 0.5W, 9 (incl. jnv 3, jnv 2, bl.inf.), at least 2 ad. old. or faced us as if threatening, head some- what lowered, forelegs far apart; moves quick, not languid - throat puls./1.9W, "hink tail" gp of 5 (2old, 3? ), one f w. white inf.( 4 part chela pinkish chin, black ears). Bared 7 50yds. sep.; crown; sat placidly
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Koford, CB 37 Colobus abyssinicus 4 November 1965 80' ups (photod) tho we stood 10 yds. from bosc tree + even other stones Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda. towed him. 7 w. inf. jumped inconvenienc^e. rather tena group; all remain- ed within 50 yds. ofus on road in open. /Drove to 6.5 but saw no more. 1737, P.R.O.15 -N., 200yds.; 2 odo. in Maribania (where seen a few 20'days ago). Now seen in walk to 2.1 and back, until 3 or seen 1.27 W. at 100 yds. Kibale Forest, Hnia Block 5 November 1965. Mr. Rutherford showed me Eucalyptus seligra (sp.?) grove 3^1/2 yrs' old, trees 8' apart, adjacent to edge forest (Hnia block N. of F.T.P.-Kampala Rd.), where colobus said to strip bark & kill trees. Trees 5-6" diam, ^25'-35'tall. Damaged for 7 rows back from edge. Dry branches all broken from bole. Basal bark gauges lost + some short strips bark torn off. More torn off in short (reel-like) sections all up trunk and top 6-6' dead & branchless. R. said there largest tree attacked. In other area trees badly damaged were cut, & then sprouts from stumps. Big forest trees to 70' nearly touching eucalypts at edge. We saw 2 C. alps. nearby, thot not in eucalypt. Two trees wired for firewood for the factory. Along road to highway saw one juv 3 diet (intue) which stayed 50', while we in car. (R. said occas. chimp's this forest.) Kagera Sawmill Rd. 1/700, Chipi Comm area, 6 (2 juv; 3 + white rip); 2 C. hodinsi uli 50'; & a blue also near. P.R. 1.5 N 100 yds., 7 o't (incl. 07, 28, juv. 20:3yrs). ate camp. leaf (Fagara?), but later to Maribania, Celtie area. (Broken see - station after midday rain.) /1.2 W, 6 in Celtie & Alea (incl. juv.1). Walking S. ^1.25 W, ^200") Tant, wary; started to flee at 150 yds.; 1 or closest to road by 50 yds., /1.35 W, 2 odo, or 4. Took alarm at 100 yds., then stayed as I walked by at 50 yds. 1.95 W, "bird tail" in sp. 5; cooling. Walked to 2.15 (1810), & 5 again. (135, 1.38 W, 2 odo. about as before.
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C. Koford 38 Colobus abyssinicus 5 November 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda about 1700, 1.95w.; "shide tail" gp. of 2? , 3?, (white inf.); 100 yds. from road. about 1800, 1.4w. 100yds, 2 ads. (1 blue men). 6 November 1965. Saw seil gps, up to 6 (1 juv), in 2 hrs. walk along forest road in Neria Block, N.of F.P. - Kampala Highway. One subad. allowed photo at 40', 45° up from me. Forest fern dead trees & logging, more closed than in Blodn K / About 1700, 1,2 3 w., 6 (incl. 1 juv.-1) 100 (still thin - but later.) 120 yds. from road in Celtis. 3 redtails in vicinity. 1.93w. 100yds.; "shide tail" ? gp.of 5 (+ white inf.), one ate Markhamia flowers; we ate 5-10 mm. long leaves Celtis. Later & five less Celtis (20min.) / 1.0E. 50 yds., 5?(1 juv.1) + white inf., in spindly Celtis w.worst upper parts dead. Think whole gp. At slight disturbance 2 down second, so all in 5 yds. drain. 2 ? sat 2' from ad.??. Lef. bow pink face, pinkish forelegs, dark knuckles, antennae crowns. Cat tiny new leaves Celtis./Across road nearly, 0.95w., 50+ (2 juv.3) in large Markhamia, eating rapidly. / By 1820 the 5 w. white inf. in tree 50yds. from first, eating avidly at Markhamia foliage. 1842, at edge forest nr. Fredhorne N. corner tea, 100 yds. SW of Chimp Corner, 8 (2 juv 3) in new leaf Celtis, where seen on at least 2 previous recent occasions. 7 November 1965 0930, 0.9E 50yds., (within 100 yds. of where 5+ white inf. seen last eve), gp.of 8 (+ hold white inf.), resting in nearly leafless tree. 2 redtails within 50' of members of group. at 1125, gp. in same (1) and 2 adjacent trees, in 100' diameter, quiet. Across road, .95 w), 2 juv.3, ad.??, ad.? , & others in 20' Trema near edge road. Juvrs. not flee when I parked car 25 yds. distant. / .75" rain mid-day. Evening census, .93E 5 (1 juv.-1) + white inf.(200yds. from where other morning, same gp?). .93w., 2 ads. (one ad.). 185 E, 2 ad. 1725, 1.2w, 6 (juv 1) in Celtis. 1.26 E, 2 ads. (restd 50'). 1.95w., 2 ads.-and "shide tail" gp. 1.69w, /ad. (2 blue? there?).
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Koford, CB Colobus abyssinicus 7 November 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda (reced (c?)) I.2 w, 5 (incl. 1 blacking). Then no census with Ridhan home to .8 to 2.15. Hugh Powell said colobus in botanical garden, Entebbe. 13 November 1965. Mr. Moiben (15 mi. S. Kitale), W. Kenya. Visited Richard Leather, cattle rancher. KRI Hall had told me that colobus were in riverine forest on Mailen river on Leather's ranch. Leather friendly Englishman; offered housing & other hospitality. He showed us site where Leather's Hall abroad, about 2 miles from house. Riverine forest 40-60'; mostly thin trees, in semi-arid cattle country. Rolling country. Forest belt about 100 yds. wide. He said Hall saw about 4 bands, some of about 7; & stayed there about 5 days (should have counted in notes). We saw 1 to 4 in about 3 places. White hair long, as on Mt. Elgon, & apparently had parachuting function in "dropping" leaps. Leather thought river left river forest. Forest mod. foliage only, but generally more foliage than when we worked most in Kibale Forest. Much drier here, & tree species different. Some Podocarpus (?), willow, slaty rein. Clear but moonless evening. At 2130, roaring calls from 2 or 3 parts forest. 14 November 1965. More calls in night, & about 0450 when half-moon up; much calling, & coughing grunts of (colobus?) from different areas, as if started by some disturbance (leopard?). C. mitis in same forest. / About 0900, after wind came up, crossed river (to N.), walked 1/2 mile W, came to S., & walked back to camp. In last 1/2 mile saw 2 groups, one of 10+ (incl. 3m + juvs.), one of 8½ (incl. 1m + juvs.) - some carried kids, but overall alarmed at 100 yds. & view poor. Drops of 15-20'; straight form, more common than in Kibale gps. White fur very clean & tail tips conspicuous. Nairobi, Kenya 21 November 1965. Leslie Brown said he once saw in Longonot crater about 40 mi. from Nairobi, in fig trees near crater floor. I visited
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Koford, CB 40 38 Colobus abyssinicus 28 November 1965 Nr. Nairobi, Kenya, Africa late on Nov. 28. Some patches trees to 60', the northy brush on floor & side. Saw no monkeys. | An infant born in cage at Tizori private centre (Cynthia Booth). The people there said females can take from mother & handle it (about 2 weeks old; four now black), but males cannot because of hostility of mother. End
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(These supplement species accs. on) C. abyssinicus & others. Monkey Censuses walking (+ car) 13 Sept - first 23 September 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda Walked 1.1 to 2.1+(K-8)+return, 0840 to 1030. Calm, overcast. Saw 0850, 1.2E, 7 ad C. alyx., 0900, E., 1C. mit. 0905, 7 col. & 1.4w. 09 1015, 1.5.5 w. 1 C. ab., 0940, turn N. 1005, 1.53W, 2 ad D., 1025, 1.25E, Ca - 16 1.1-1.6 Cm - 6 5+C.mit. 1.2 E', 7 ads. still. 1.1w, 1 C. mit. 24 Sept. Mi. 1.0,1630. 5/10 cu-nimbus; wind 5 mph. Walked S. 1635, C-3 1.2E, 6 ad. C. alyss. (1 juv. other). Nears to 1.55W., when 1 blue ad. Then rain started. Calm wind prevented hearing root. a rising branch root. After rain, clear an, 2/10 cu. & strit. clouds. Start 1.1 at 0550. 1.12, 1 redtail W. 1.2E, 4 at ad. C. alysx., 1.25W, 10ad. C. alyss. 1.3W, 1 redtail. 1.32W., 3 blue, 1 redt. (redt. 20'from blue in same Melanonia tree). 1.42w, C. alyss., 6 at mial. 2 juvs, 4+1 C. bodes (see 25 sept. mon censuses). (Red C. sat 1'from C. alyss., look to back.). 1.68 W., one 07 ad. C. L. 'loesti' (allured apper. to 20 ydso. Still then next a.m.). 1.68W, 2 ad. C. alyss., at least 1 07, 1.45E., 5 C. alyps. ads ('0835; next mon seen are had birds in tail.. To K-8 again, 18 45; too dark for further good obs. 25 Sept. 1965. 1/10 alto clouds; calm, clear, sunny. Started 0835 wii. 1.0, walking S. 0840, mi. 1.2E., 5 ad. C. alyss (as seen be- fare). 08 41, mi. 1.4W., 5 C. alyx. (1 at juv.). 1.45w., 5 C. db. with 1ad. C. bodes. (at least 2 C. ab. juvs; all of same brand?), 0858, mi. 1.68 W., 1C. L.'loesti' o7. 0903, 1.8W, 5 blues. 0915, 1.97E., 5 ad. C. alyss. (now where last seen; include birded tail wic 11) 07ad. 0925, K-8, turn back./Saw again gp. 5 ad Calys. 1.96E. (heard other 42 mi. SE), 4 at+ blues 1.8W., 1 C. L'loesti at 1.68w. Lone 07ad. C. alyss. at 1.64 E, 7(wid. 2 juvs) C. alyss +1 C. bodes at 1.05 3 at C. alys. at 1.23E. 5+1 juv. C. alys. at 1.1W (1040).
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Koford 2 Monkey Censuses walking 25 Sept. 1965 (cont.) Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda walking. Pv. Rd.. 13, 150 yds. N., 9+inf., incl. 2 od ?, 2 or od.4?, 2 at jurs. Start 1710, Bridhams road .05, 6? ads. (24,1?, +?) inf. to W. 1712, .95E, 7 ads. (24; the 1.2 E gp. prob.) in near bare Cottons 1730, walked 5. from l.I. None at 1.2 except 1 redtail. 1.3E 2 redt. 1.48 W, 1 C. lodius, 1 redtail, 4 C. alyps. (1ajur); the usual gp. of 7 probably. 1.57W, 1 C. alyps. 1.55E, call of 1 blue. 1.97E,5 od.C.aly., incl. 2ad3?4? 2 ad 3 redtail. 2.1E, 1 blue od. 10 35 reached K-8. On way N. saw 7 or 8 C. alyps. (2 at+?) at 1.47 W. 1900, 1.15 E, 2 od ? (+others?). Pvd. Rd. .05E, 1 redtail, 27 Sept. 1965. Start 1700, 1.0, in car but stop every .1 mile (= less if monkey seen). 1.0 W, 13 C. alyps. (Pv.Rd.= the 13 of band A.) 1.1E, 3 ads. (prob. the usual 7). 1.0 W, 1 redtail. 1.2W, 1725, 2 redt. (on their dead level). 1.75 E, 1 redt. 2 blue. 1.75 W, 4 blue (are w. small blocking?). 1.95E, 4 od. C.alyys. (prob. the usual 5 ads.). 2.1E, +ad. C. alyps. (probably more near). Back to 1.63, none found!-(no rain this afternoon; none active after rain?). Back to 1.37 E, 5 (1jur) C.alyys. 1.54, 1 blue. 1.35 E, 1 C. lodius (rarely done?). 1.3E, 1 redtail. 1.13 E, 5 ads. / Car. 1735, Bridh. Rd. .1, 13 gp. 1.15 W, 7C. lod. ius (+2jur). 1.2E, 4 od.C. alyps. (prob. the 5 od.). 1.2W, 7 C. alyps (4?, 1inf, +?). 1.35 E, 4 ad. C. alyps. +1 inf. 1.42 W, 3 redt. 1.7W, 2ad C.alyys (+one?). 1.95E, 5 ad. C. alyps. (incl. shink tailed ?). 2.2 E, 5 ad.C. O.K. [illegible] alyp.+inf. Back to 1.85E, 5 (incl.jur.1)+inf. C.alyys 1.63 W, 1 blue (1950). 500 Col. alb. notes >>28 Sept.- 29 Sept. 1965. Car: casual census, 1.1 and 5. /45, 1.3W, also. 1 ad. C. alyps. in [illegible] 1.25 W, 5 od. (1jur) at C. lodius
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C. Koford 1965 37 Monkey Censuses 29 September 1965. (cont.) Kibale Forest, Tangl Uganda no census 1.72 W., 3 blue 4 redtails. 1.95E, usual 5 ads. To K-8 Caraw- (2.2) + locke to N. 1.7E,; 3 ad. C. olyps. 1.68E, 6+ blues+ winged, 3 a+ redt. (commonly seen here). 1.25 E., 1 redtail, 1.2E, can 7 ad. C. olyps. On N. to 0.4W., 1 ad.+ gray-locked buff found K-6 (0.3) now seen. 30 September 1965, 1650, 7 ad. C. olyps. 1.1E, 1.15 W., 2 redt. O.4W., 7 ad. Calyps (+inf)+1 C. boobins].1.25 E, 2C. boobins. 1.3W, O.9. /0+CB (mil.juv.+inf.). 1.3E; 4ad. (2a+2f)+inf. C. olyps.; 3 C. boobins hi. 1.1 to KB sepr. (gp. seen 1.15W. a day ago?). 1.35W, 1C.ad.+ad. blue. 1.5 W, 30 Cab. 5 blues. 1.55E, 3a+blues (1yur)+3a+C.mit. 1.6E, redt. 1.6W, redt. 1.6E, juv. redtail. 1.65 W., blue; 1 redt. 1.68E, 1 blue. 1.8E, 1 juv. redt. 1.95E, 5 ad. C. olyps. To K-8+locke. Walking census. The 13 C. olyps apparently still near 1.0 W. No rain; broken clouds evening. /about 1800, 2 O7O7 flew two fairly fast 40' sup. from S. to N, 6 October 1965. Eve, slow car travel w. stops. About 1700 to Kagera Rd. 1840, 0.3, 7 CA to E. 0.4, 7 CA (+inf) to W., + 4 ad. CA. B? Pr. Rd. .25,; 9 (+inf.) CA. 1.55 W, 6 blues + (margaley Census 1.56W, 3 blues. 1.55 w)?, 6 redt. scattered; + 2CA O707. 10 Turn back 1.68 W., 7 a+redt. (one juv.). 1.8E, 2 blues/1.5 E., one ad.O7 CA (stumptail). 1.4E, 5(1juv.). 1.4 W, 7(2juv.) CA CA 1.3E, 2 redtails. No rain late p.m. Some shaws. To K-8 + return to 1.1. 7 October 1965. Kibale Forest, car, eve. 1555, Pr. Rd. .2, 9+inf. CII at C.al. 1700, 0.6W, 10+ +inf. C. olyps. 1.35W, 10+C. boobins. A 1.35E, tad.+ juv. 1 Calyps.. 1759,1.55 W, 1 redt., 1 blue. 1.75 W, 1 ad.C.al. 1.95W, 4ad.C.AB. 2.0E, 1 redt. 2.1E, 1 blue. 1.35 E, 3+redt.
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C. Roford 1965 4.3 Monkey Censuses 8 October 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro, Uganda Can. eve. None K-6 or O.4. 1720, fried Rd. .2, two A" gp. C Ab. prob the 9. 1745, 1.36 W., 12+ C. looquis. 1.36 E, fad + juv. C.ob. 1.45E, 9 C. alyps (f white inf)+inf; stumptail gp. also 1 C. lodiuis, 1 redt. 1815, 1.55 W., 7m + C. ob. + 30+ blues. 2.1W, heard blue. 1.85 E., 2 blues. 1.85 W, 4 redtails. End 1950. Filled mon. no showers 10 October 1965. Kanyawara area, .3 to 1.4 mi. from range house, (post) post rain, start S.end, walk N. 1706, 6+ redtails, 2 blues. 1714, 7+(prob. (2 juv.) 10+) red colobus. 1730, 1 C.alyps. 1745, 3 + 4 C. alyps (1 juv), 1 blue. 1750, arrived N.end, start S. 1803, 7m+ C. alyps (when saw before). 1820, red colobus gp. (same area as befoe). 1830, 8 + C.alyps; separate 3 blues. Rain. Trees slow, tall; foliage dense; usually see only 50 yds. 27 October 1965. Kibale Forest. 1500 - 1815, overcast + thundering. C Ab. Prod. Rd. O.1N, 9 in Obs 11 (snagtooth gp.; =13?). PR 0.5 W, C.ab. 5+ (incl. inf., juv.2). [Sammil road 0.7 N, 5m + C. aby3, + 3 150yds. N(65).] Walked S. 1.4W, 7 or 8 C.ab. (incl.juv.3). C.ab. 1.49 E., 5 ad. + white inf. (usual 5?). 1.68E, 7, redtail (no info.) out C13 1.7W, heard blue (1610). 1.8E, 2 blues. 1.9 W., 1 blue. 2.0 W, 2 blue. m. 2.1 E. heard 1 blue. 2.05 W, 1 redtail. 2.1 E, 5m + bale C14 C.ab. incl.juv.1, 1643, turned N. + walked to Bridham. 2.05W, 1 redtail (Hairy truck passed to N, alarmed many?) 1.53 E., 2 ad + C.ab, 1 = stumptail. 1.5 E., 5 ad C.ab. (int juv 1 and white inf.) 1.4 W., 8 C. ab. (2 juv.-3. 1.25W, 1 red colobus. 1.2 W, 1740, 4 ad. C.ob. (1 inf. n)-1). 1.1W, 7 C.ab, (1inf). Up Prod. Rd. 1745.) PR O.1N, 11 (juv. 1). NE cover tie, 1 blue,/ W.side 2m, 6 + C. looquis.
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C. Koford 5 Monkey Censuses 28 October 1965 Kiobale Forest, Toro Uganda Dawnhill food, 0.3 to 2.1. C. luddies, 10 at (2j inf., 2jus.) on Chimploth. C. alb., 2 to W. of 0.8. 6+ mv. P.R. 0.2 N. 0.5 E, C. blr., 4 od., + 2 jus. (1+2) . . 45 W., redtails, 2 alone. 1.5E, 1 07 alone, C. alb. 2.05E., C. alb., 2 od. (2.1, 16/5), turn to N. occs. sunshine. Driving 5 mph W. stops every .1-.2 mi.) P.R. 1.3N, 100 yrs., 4 at+. Now NW edge tea field. V4 mi. E. Prith. house, 6 (1jus. 2), C. alb. C/5 Morning. 29 October 1965. Heavy rain last mile; status, calm. Walked to 1.7+ lochs. 8 C. alb. (3jus., 1inf.) Chimploth. 1 C. alb. od., PR .2 N. 1 Cal. 1, 27W. 1 blue 1.6 W. Walking, w. Cards & Kristi. Why so few at? C. alb. Evening. 1650, sunshine. Prith. N. corner, gps. 6 (incl. jus. 1), 7 or +, 8 or+ (incl. 2jus.), 1710; Sawn.Red. 1.1W., 1 redt. 1.3W, 5 or +(?) C. alb. 1.3W, 1 od. C. alb. 1.7W, 4 C. alb. +1 C. luddies. 1750, 2.1, turn N.-walking. 1.7W., od. 07 . 1840, V4mi. E. Prith. house, 2 od. C. alb. C/14 Rain mildly. 30 October 1965. Walking, 1600, Chimps Corner, at least 8 C. alb. (possibly 2 gps.); 1 redtail. PR 0.2 N.; 11 or+(3jus.), 1630, C. alb, C. alb. Walked S. on main road, 1.1 at 1640. 1.15W., 5 or+ (jus.1). 1.2 W., 6 or+ (jus-2) . (9/10 od to status.). 1.53W., 4 redt. 1.54E, 1 redt. 1.55W., 1 blue; 1 redt. 1.9W, calls (C. alb., 1blue. 2.1W., 3 blues black (aj-1) C. alb. Back N. 1810, 1.15 W., 6 ads. +inf. Cal. when rainless. Gp., mv. PR 0.2N. 1 November 1965. Sunday. Overcast; rain 11a.m. 3-5:30 p.m., ran + walking monkey census. (Many Merkhams now have long posts; few flowers now.) Slow drive starting 0.1, going S. 1540, 1.2w., 76 blue, 3 single redt. 1.3E, + blue. (occoc. sunshine). 1.33E, 1 redt. Poor - few at.
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C. Koford 6 Monkey Census 1 November 1965. Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda Walked S. 1.6 W., blue coll. 1.7W, ? 1 blue. 1.4E, 3 rest. 2.1E, 6 C.ob. (juven.2). 1650, turns N.-no adult red sun on way to house (1725 arr.) 2 November 1965. Walks. Start 0.8 at 1620. 0.85W, 6 at C.lobius. 0.9E, 2ad.1juv.C.abyss.(4/10altostri.+cirrus).0.9E, 2 blues 15'up.(excess sunshine). 1.75N; 2 ad.C.ob..85W, 5 C.ob.. 0.77, 12 at C.lobius (rest of spred go 40+ apparently). Walked S. 1.75W, ad.ad.C.abyss. alone. 2.0W, 1 blue coll. 2.15W, 2 blues. 1730, turns back N. 2.05E, 1 at restful. 1.55E; 1 rest. 1815, 0.8W, 1 rest. (+3+crosses). 1830, P.R. 0.2N, 1rest. 6 C.abyss (2 juven) N. corner tea field. 3 4 November 1965. Fog, then sunshine; overcast afternoon. No rain. at 1730, walked to 2.1 and back to Presham's. PR .15N, 2 ad.C.ob. 1.96E., 3 blues. 1815, 2.15, turn N. 1.27W, 3 at C.ob. why so few out? Census of C.B.Kolme. 4 5 November 1965. Visited Niro Block of forest, + saw Cercopithecus Journal said damaged by colobus (abyss.). Eve road census. Rain midday. 5 6 November 1965 Visited Ft. Portal. Spent (1/2 hrs. with ranger at Selintole, Protasio Muyanja (jun <1yr). He said lbebel+7 7 (boundary at K-7 sign nr. 0.03) cut about 6 yrs ago, sprayed welwitschi about one year ago. He said Olea most common this area, also stramboaia. But Newtonia most in reproduction, + Strombovia prd. second. Olea + Pygeum colonizins. Few Parinari (dense foliage of small dark leaves). Parinarid sp. include Celtis, Ficus, Balanite, Marliania (if from road), Cotin megel., others. All over 12"girth. (I saw some large Parinari dead, killed because poor form.) Fagana fairly common (big camp. lf.), but I have not seen monkey eat (spiny).! Evening walking census. Rain midday.
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Monkey Census 5 November 1965 Kibale Forest, Toro Uganda Walking fr. Bridham House, 1700, PR .15 S., blue coll. .15 N., 7 at C.ob. C.ob. (1 juv.), 1.2 W., 6 (1 juv.), 1.25 W., 7 at C.ob. 1.35 W.; 2 ad. C.ob. 1.35 W., 2 redtails. 1.0 W., 9t redt. + 9t blues. 2.15 W., 1 redt., 1 blue. 1810, 2.1, turned & N. 1.95 W., 5 (lewi-tail?). 1.75 W., 7 blue (3 juv.) + 2 redt. 1835, 1.30 W., 2 ad. C.ob. as before. 1.33 E., 3 redt. This is overcast due. after midday rains; many monkeys out. 6 November 1965. Evening, Brid. House leave 1600, walking. Old Li-sts. Cano O.B., more. 0.85 W.; 4 at C.boduir. 1.0 W., blue collb. 1.73 E., 3 redt. 1.75 W., blue coll. 2 redtails. 1.95 W 100yds, "lewi tail" gp; ? at C.ob. + white inf. (3 &). 1730, 2.15, turned N. Colm, weak sun. 1.65 W/100yds, 2 redt. 1.4 W. 100yds, 2 ad. C.ob., 1 blue. 1.36 W.100 yds, 2 blue. 1.1 E., 1 at C.boduir . 1.05 E., blue coll. Back to Bridham's house. 6 November 1965. Henia Block forest road. Walked 10-1000 to 1000 & return, in mod. closed forest w. much obs., etcii. Saw 1 redtail, 2 at redt., 2 ad. C.dlys., 6 C.ob. (juv.) + 1 C.boduir. Came saw Return togo, 1 blue, 5 C.dlys., 6 C.ob. (1 juv.) (not same). Abbl Lthl/ blue, 2 at C.dlys. / Evening, Samuel Rd., after .87 rain midday. 1630, depat Bridh. House. (Overcast). 1.23 W., 6 C.ob. (1 juv. 1); + 3 redtails. 1.63 E., 9 redtails (3 juvs.). 1.93 W., lewi tail gp. 5 ad.C.ob. (+ wb.inf.). 1730, turned N; occso. sunshine, same at 1.93 W.,1.23 W. 1.0 E., 5 at C.ob. (1 juv 1) + white inf. 0.95 W., 5 at C.ob. (2 juv. 3) 1815. Now 0.8 am - Bridhams NW border, 8 (2 juv. 3). PR .25 S., 1 redt. 7 November 1965. Rain midday. Walking. Left Brid. House 1700. 1715, .93 E., 5 (juv) + white inf., C.ob.. 93 W., 2 ad. Col. .85 E., 3 at blue, 200 yds. 1725, 1.2 W., 6 (1 juv) Coll 1.26 E., 1 redt. 1755, 2.15, turned N. 1.95 W., 2 ad. C.ob. (prob. limited gps.). 1.9 W. 1 redt. 2 ad Col. 1.69 W., 1 ad Col. 1.35 W., 7 blue. 1.2 W., 5 (+ llips.). PR .N, blue. PR .25 S,
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E. J. Koford, C. B. catalogue 1970 # 11-32
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E. Kottler 1 Specimen Catalogue 1470 24 June Atu Calacala, Opto, Puno, Peru, 13400' m 11 ♂ t.2 Phylotis darwini 205-105-25-20 32 gms. Base of rock wall over bunch grass, 40yd. above stream. m 12 at scars ♀ (unident.) Phylotis darwini 238-110-25-21, 44gms Same as above 6 June m 25 June 13 ♀ ?ge myips Phylotis darwini 240-120-26-23 50 gms. m 14 it ♂ t.1 Phyllothis darwini 232-125-25-21 from shooting m 15 ♀ no emb. Akodon jelskii 170-71-28-16 Rock wall near lake, cliff face. SK? 16 ♂ t.2 Akodon boliviensis 143-73-21-13 30 gms 26 June 17 ♀ OV. >1 mill. Furnarid On rock wall f in grass on ground m NNE Limbani, 9200 ft. (Aguaflori) m July 18 ♀ No Emb Akodon boliviensis 164-76-25-15 3? 21 gms Brush, 20-50 ft river, wet, moss, ferns, rocks, bushes. m 19. ♂ T.4 Dryzomys 235-139-26-77 23gms same 20 sex? Flycatcher, yellow breast 12 gms Trees above river, (ferns, moss, wet) July 21 ?♀ OV. 51 Tanager 38gms Trees on mesa, not dense brush, moist not wet 22 ♂ t.6 Tanager 39 gms same
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Discarded June 25/1970 P. Darwinii ♀ no emb 31 gms. Ak. Bolivensis ♀ no emb 24 gms. Ak. Bolivensis ♂ imm 16 gms. Ak. A. liviensis ♀ imm 14 gms.
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EOKoford Notes Specimen Catalog 1970 1 mi. ssw Limbani, Dpto. Puno, Peru. (1500 ft. 13 July 4 mi. SSW Limbani 11,500ft 23 Phyllotis orlue 260-140-26-22 48gms under rocks boulders, steep slope, fresh moss but not wet 15 July [Lake Aricoma] 13 mi. ENE Crucero, Dpto. Puno, Peru. 24 q No Emb no fotolab. Phyllotis Darwinii 260-137-30-31, 51gms under rocks close to lake, dry (29 ft.) 15 July 15 mi. ENE Crucero, Dpto. Puno, Peru. (5500 ft. [Aricoma summit] (pass) 25 t.2x4 Akodon 160-49-25-21, 39gms 15 July 13 15 mi. ENE Crucero - etc. 26 q No Emb Akodon yalaki 170-75-25-17 32gms 27 t.5x3 Phyllotis pictus 196-79-25-22 41gms 28 t.4 Neotomys Ebriosus 190-76-24-18 42gms skull only 29 q No Emb, fatty chinchilla 250-109-34-36 120gms skull only 30 t.3 chinchilla 270-110-34-36, 52gms skull only 31 t.3 chinchilla 265-106-31-38 129gms 24 July 32 Itauquillo 15 mi. ENE Requiyqa, Dpto. Puno 15,500 ft. Lia laemae maitidunias 5-V, 96 Running on rocks in bare area.
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2 7722
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MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY REPRINT LIBRARY
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