Fulica, Part 1, v1314

Gullion, Gordon W.

Unknown

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

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Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from CLIR https://archive.org/details/fulicapart1v131400gull

Gullion, Gordon 1949 - 1950 Fulica americana Journal and Species Account, pt. 1 * Journal and Species Account, pt. 2 * Maps of Study Areas * Bands, Banding and Miscellaneous tabular data * Records of birds released from Gray Lodge and Lake Merritt * Leg coloration * Photographs development of shield general not included in this volume

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JOURNAL AND SPECIES ACCOUNT Fulica americana [PART 1]

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Fulica Americana -M- Mar. 19. Gray Lodge Refuge, Butte Co., Calif. - several birds disturbed this evening (5 p.m.) Rasied readily to 20 or 30 feet above the ground and circled around in an uneasy manner - I wonder if they are getting ready to migrate. Mar. 20. Again this morning a number of birds rose into the air, but not so many as last night. They were all on small pools in one of the burned over, dying up areas of the refuge. Flew strongly and up to some elevations. Mar. 27 Lake Jewell, Tulden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - At least five birds on the lake today (10:15 a.m.) 1 which I drove out from the cat-tails along the east side seemed to arouse the interest of the other four. This one was attacked by two but most closely pursued by a third. Pattern as follows. 3?-Territories? Spillway. As I moved south along the road I drove #4 out of position #4 which it had entered

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Fulica americana Mrs 27 Lake Jewell, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - (Center) A few moments before after giving the "Rraw - paw" note three or four times. #4 readily left that area and approached us but with a little protesting. After investigating the spot I moved on, and #1 protestingly left the shelter of the cat-tails As soon as #1 was about in the middle of the lake #4 made a couple of notes and started across the water with head lowered also into the water, pursuing #1. The latter turned south and quickly #2 and #3 came out from their positions, with head lowered. About then #4 started patterning over the water, #1 took flight and alighting between #2 and #3, #1 then turned north, but was soon cut off by #4 who pattered over to intercept. #1 took flight again alighting and swimming over to and disappearing in the cat-tails at ①. #5 in the meantime was cutting across the lake, and #4 flying in pursuit of #1 nearly hit #5 as it came to alight. #5 moved over along the shore new position ① while #4 went to shore in the cove just to the north. - A few minutes later a coot, small like #1, gwent into the cat-tails at the point ② from which #1 was originally driven- - In position ③ one coot was playing with another - one mounted the other and they both went under. a moment later the smaller-bottom one of the two dived twice and

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Pullen 949 Fulica americana Contra Costa -3- Mrs 27 Lake Jewell, Tilden Park, Alameda Co., Calif. brought up what looked like a 1 foot length of cat-tail shoot. It dabbled around with it for a moment and they left it -- later the cost from position (2) noisily moved out at the cat-tails, putted around a moment and quickly the largest of the two at position (3) came across the pond with its head lowered, out about 1/2 way across, turned off and dived towards the spillway. About 11:05 a.m. -- a single bird was displaying its white tail patch- with its tail elevated -- quickly a second bird responded approaching the first and likewise showing its tail patch -- the two birds then rotated back and forth rump to rump -- about 2 feet apart for about 30 second, then one of them dove -- they other (first) also dove a moment late. Both brought up the brown new shoots a cat-tails, the bases of which they proceeded to eat. -- This display was in position (5). Apr. 9 -- same locality -- at least two pairs on the lake this afternoon. A Z113 class was around most of the morning so several birds may be hiding (1 p.m.) -- scattered rolled barley around at the south end, and on the NW island. -- Also threw some on the water -- haven't seen any birds showing interest in it -- in fact the o? from i

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Fulica americana -4- Apr 9 Lake Jewell, Tilden Pkgs., Contra Costa Co., Calif. area D swam near some floating grain then veered off as if avoiding it. I entered the cat-tails at C and very quickly a pair of coots came charging across the lake - heads lowered towards my position - they then swam around nervously just out of the cat-tails, moving across to 7 and back again twice. Later I chased a pair out of the cat-tails near the island 1. The smaller left only after considerable protest. May be nesting there, but I was unable to find any sign of nesting - the larger bird joined the other near 3, soon arousing notes from a bird near 5. They then progressed swam across the lake to 8 where they fed for awhile. Both seemed to be diving for the white bases of the stems of young cat-tails. The smaller one was diving in shallow water, barely able to get her whole body under water, and coming up tail first. The larger (7) bird moved over to 9, where it dove for cat-tails for a few minutes, but then moved over towards D where he became lost to view. For the last 1/2 hour the 7 has remained feeding near 8, only once venturing way out towards D. Now, 1:31 p.m. - she is hesitatingly crossing to D. (Maybe cause some one is walking along the road to the east - she went into the same area as the male - giving a single "krrrk" as she

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Julian 1949 Fulica Americana -5- Apr 9 Lake Jewell, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co, Calif. - varied from view. - definition of terms - - charging- means swimming across the water with head and neck lowered to water surface and making a noticeable wake in the water - - splatting- chasing another bird across the surface of the water by flapping wings and "walking" on the water- - spreading- refers to the extending or spreading of the tail feathers in courtship play. - paired display- both birds behaving in like manner. - churning- refers to the behavior where a bird lifts its body out of the water and churns the water by stroking the feet forward. N 89 nest 1- 9 eggs - in position as indicated. 2 1/2 eeggs about 3 inches above water - nest inside diameter 6 inches across top of eggs. The above described nest found in position 10.- as soon as I approached the area, I found the smaller (?) bird feeding on algae along the north side of the island-

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Eullion 1949 Fulica Americana -6- Apr 9 Lake Jewell, Tilden Park, Contra Costa, Calif. This bird left the area, crossing the lake to position (3) where she nervously fed. About that time the large bird came out "crunking". He remained on the scene - and steadily crunked as I searched. When I found the nest he came to within about two feet of me - vigorously protesting - the female? meanwhile remaining silent across the lake - Eggs in the nest - several coat, three or four quite warm (from sun?) - about 3 feet of water under nest - composed of dried cat-tails - with only a couple of green cat-tails in the vicinity - nest quite well concealed by upright dense masses of dried cat-tails. The male quieted down a few minutes after I left the vicinity of the nest. - about 2:15 p.m. one bird was loud calling "kra-kow"; "kra-kow" along the E side of the lake - near position (4). A moment later - to a smaller bird was moving by the boat towards the island - was met at the SE corner of the island by a larger bird, who tried to mount her twice but without success - he? flew a couple of times and she moved back past the boat - he followed her as far as the boat, stopping to rest and preen on the outer side of the boat - a drake mallard was resting on the misthos gunwale - until a couple of birds came along to scare him away.

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Eulica americana Apr 9 Lake Jewell, Wilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. The male cost after being chased away from the nest by the kids, moved around to the N of the island where it went into the cat-tails at [illegible] and climbed up on a floating board with a turtle on the other end - neither animal seemed to make a move or be concerned about the other. Apr 11 same locality - at 4 p.m. today - one cost, a small one, was on or very close to the nest. Wouldn't leave until I rustled the cat-tails nearby - then went about four feet, very silently, and concealed itself in the cat-tails not a sound. Stayed there for several minutes, motionless. I left before it returned to the nest. No sign of the other bird. Two birds were feeding at the position (7), in the cat-tails right near the point. The larger bird was outside the cat-tails diving and feeding on cat-tails. The smaller bird remained in the cat-tails, seemed to be feeding or working on something on the surface (perhaps nest platform building?). Once in a while one of the birds (which one?) gave a note, but generally quite. Apr 17 same locality. Nest near island, still with 9 eggs, being incubated. When first visited at about 6:15a.m. no birds near nest, both of them being on opposite side of lake, but the second time I can near the nest, one of the birds was seen floating quietly in

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Fulica americana -8- Apr 17 Lake Jewell, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. the cat-tails nearby- as I approached the nest the bird began to move tree between one and the nest, actually coming towards me, giving a low "pukh = pukh" note,- the closer I approached the nest the more vigorous became the warning notes- but the cost would not come closer than about four feet. I left without disturbing the nest further, and the defending bird became quiet again. Moving E along the dam, I saw another bird near the boat, the bird defending the nest came out, gave its louder call note, (which seems to be a male note) and joined the ♀ ? after a little fooling around. Earlier a pair (I believe this came & pair) were "spreading" near position 4). At least two paird displays were made. At the southern part of the lake two other costs were found. First a small one flew out of area 6 across to 7. There it was met by a larger bird, as I moved down into the cat-tails a 8, both came across the pond in the charging pose but no notes. They came along the edge of the cat-tails but would not enter them. They are either building a nest, or have a site picked out, but I don't think they actually have a nest finished or eggs laid as yet. These birds were seen "billing" in the open water and some caressing of necks took place. (I should add that so far, all the mating or courtship displays I have seen have been on open water, but right

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million 749 Eulica americana -9- Apr 17 Lake Jewell, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co, Calif. along the edge of the cat-tails) This south pair of coots seem equally at home on either side of the pond, but the small bird seems to spend more time in area (6) while the larger stays near (7). Perhaps because of the dull day (25.) the coots are all very quiet, not giving usual group of co notes- I'll check to see if this is a correlated with light intensity. Apr 26- same locality - 3 eggs were hatched at 9:45 a. m. the 3 young being in the nest. They left the nest as I approached. 6 eggs still unhatched, didn't examine to see if they were pipped or not. One of the parent birds was in close attendance, and

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Eulica americana Apr 26 Lake Jewel, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Cal. came into the battle, giving a hollow nasal "poonk- poonk" and while remaining hidden causing a great (now 8 min after leaving the nest) I hear the "whew-whew, whew whew" of the downy young) commotion in the water, and then leading me around the inside of the island towards the boat, still staying hidden but frequently giving the "poonk" note. A moment later it was on the open water near the boat, and once raised itself above the water surface, and splashed water by feet reaching forward. This bird with the "poonk" note I take to be the female. While I was photographing the young it was answering the call of the parents with a low "whew"; whew". - The pair at the south end of the lake were busily packing nesting materials back and forth between pts 6 & 7 most of the afternoon yesterday, and one of them was packing stuff (dead cat-tails) into the cat-tails 8 of 7. During the foggy period this morning. - I returned to the nest site at 4 p.m. Heard a series of low "put-put, put, put, put-put"s coming from the cat-tails a few feet away from the nests. This I approached as silently as I could the pushing bird spied me nearly ten feet from the nest & came forward to intercept any approach. I moved under the cover of gusts of wind.

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Euleia Americana 1949 April 26 Travel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. but that was not enough. While I was delivering truck intercepted the other bird moved towards deeper water, supposedly with the three swimming young. This bird still remained out of sight. Apparently one bird (the \sigma?) guards the nest while the other (♀?) cares for the young. Even now as I sat on the dike near the nest (4:10 p.m.) the one bird is "puk-huk"ing in the cat-tails a few feet away while the other bird it is "put-put"ing 20 oved the yards away. Now the defender has left and all is quiet except for a "poonk" and the low "whewt, whewt" of the young. I can hear at least 2 young and maybe 3, one was still in the nest when I last looked at 4 p.m. Apr 27 same locality - visited the nest at O26-6 at 9:15 a. m. - one downy young in the nest, 4 eggs still unhatched. The "poonk" bird was in E area O25-8 - probably with the \sigma's swimming young, altho no "whewt" was heard. The "puk-huk" bird was near the nest, in fact I believe it was on the nest until a moment before I approached the nest. The downy young in the nest climbed out, and was well along towards drowning when I found it and replaced it in the nest. - A 9:45 \delta found the second nest, C12.\beta, it was built much as the first one was, of dead cat- tail material, with some green leaves pulled down from above, but not woven into the nest. On the west side of the

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Enulica Americana -12- Jewel lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calf. - nest was a gangway, made of 3 or 4 inch pieces of dead cat-tail leaves more or less pushed together, but not giving the appearance of a solid structure. To shore. There are 10 eggs in the nest, and the nest is 7 inches across on top of the eggs. Still room for two or three eggs. From the looks of the gangway and remembering the kind of material being carried yesterday and the day before, I believe the gangway is the last structure built. The water the nest is in is waist deep, the nest is about four feet in from the open water. As I approached the nest, one bird came out of the cat-tails from near E 4.7 and leisurely crossed to F 9.13 where it (she?) was joined by the larger bird and they both charged across the open water towards C 12, pulling up short just outside the edge of cat-tails at C-12.5 where the larger bird "churned" twice while the smaller bird sat by silently. As I approached located and went towards the nest I lost track of the birds, but one, I believe the larger met me near the

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Fulica americana -13- Apr 27 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif.- nest and gave the "puhk" note. When I left the cat-tails the smaller bird was feeding new. B-10.22 and later was moving from F-9 toward the upper end. I bird crowing with a "pulk-krost, pulk-krost, pulk-krost" note at G-11.3. 11:30 a.m., the bird then swam along northward. See journal p.72 for cost chasing & malled — At about 2 pm I visited nest O-26.10 again— the fifth downy young was out of the nest and two more eggs were pipped . At 2:15 p.m. I returned and took a kodachrome of the nest & pipped eggs. - At 3:50 where I returned to nest O26.6 one of the swimming young was back in the nest. It quickly popped out as I came into view. Still just 2 eggs pipped and two yet unmarked. Eggs were so warm that I believe they are still being incubated. The "puhk" bird was on the scene, defending as usual while the other bird was in the cat-tails to the S of the nest as usual. Apr 28 same locality - at 9:15 a.m. a bird was low on the nest at C-12.13.- Visited nest O26.6 at 9:35 a.m. One downy young gment over the side and swam away as I approached. Eggs 3+6 pipped, egg 1 still unmarked. The usual parent was guarding the nest, no indication as to the where abouts of the other parent or brood. Now at 9:38 I hear a "chuck chuck" from near N26.5, then all is quiet. At 9:40 I started leaving

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million 1949 Fulica americana -14- Apr 28- Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. The location notes of the young. They ranged in position from M26.3 to about C25.23. The parent bird was near C26.1. The parent was giving a low "put-put", maybe calling the brood together. Their notes seemed to congregate near the parents position. After they were nearly all together, the parent gave three sharp "pukh-pukhs", the first quieting all but one of the young and the last two quieting that youngster. At 6:00 p.m. a cost was sitting on nest C12.13, I examined the nest, still ten eggs, the birds made no calls, but one churned close to the nest with- out saying anything. - At 6:10 p.m. C26.6 egg 3 was hatched, the chick was still wet but tried to leave the nest, egg 6 was still pipped but a long way from hatching, egg 1 is also pipped, just slightly. The usual bird guarded the nest. One downy young scooted away from the nest as I approached. But the other adult was not heard or seen. Apr 28 Same locality - A bird on nest C12.13 at 9:50 a.m. At 9:55 a.m both birds were silently swimming in area A9- the smaller one in charging position but not really charging. Nest C12.13 still has 10 eggs, all slightly cool. At 10:35am nest C26.6 still contained two pipped eggs. Both contain living young. After opening up a clearing to the nest then one parent seems to be afraid to go on

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Fulica americana Apr 29 Jewell Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. The nest. When two vultures passed over at 11:50 a.m. the rots gave no response. At 12:40 the pair took 3 young across the open waters from G 30 to E 28. The two birds stayed them close to the young, until they were safely in the cat-tails, at which time the larger bird "billed" each of the young. The larger bird then returned to G 30 to bring across 2 more young. Both swam out to meet the parent, which billed each as he came to it. Then with much "put, put" ing, they were conveyed safely across. 2 birds are missing, probably already lost. At 1 p.m. I helped egg six hatch. It came out with its eyes open, and giving the "whew" note. The yolk sac was not completely resorbed yet, the tip of the bill is bright red, the base of it a duller, deep blood red. The skin is orange red, the feet yellow-orange, the eyes black. I am afraid that the nest is deserted from all my attention today. At 1:10 pm. I went into the cat-tails at D 27- scared out the smaller bird with the guttural voice. She had one young with her. It dove as I approached, and went by me under water. It popped up twice just exposing its head, the last time, believing all was safe came up completely, like a ball of black wool. The female? all this while was giving here "poont" and

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Fulica americana -16- Apr 29 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - also at a critical moment gave a low growling guttural 'rrrrr' sounding more like a growling dog. Apparently the larger bird was investigating the nest, for after I left he came 'pubk' ing across the lake, sticking close to the cat-tails along the dam. He got about as far as L 28 before he turned around and returned to the nest area. 1:15 p.m. At about 1:20 p.m. the male was with a young at N 26.16. Some billling was seen, then a moment later he started out into the open water leaving the young behind. I got out of the car just in time to see him join the female who was bringing all five young across the lake. They headed four into the cat-tails at L 22.24, and [illegible] the female went back out it's bringing a laggard at about the same place. Again the male was seen 'billling' at least one and maybe more of the young. Six of the seven out of the nest are still alive, and maybe the two in the nest will make it also. Nest C12, 13 warm at 6:10 p.m., bird about two feet away in cat-tails churning and giving the 'pubk' note occasionally. While pulling [illegible] some cat-tails out I disrupted the nest considerably, hope not fatally. Nest O 26.6 contains one viable egg, still being brooded, the young I helped hatch was nowhere to be seen, I hope is okay. The whole family apparently was in the area. Egg 1, the last still only about 3 pipped.

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Fulica americana -17- Apr 30 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co, Calif- A bird incubating at C 12.13 at 11:40 a.m. At 11:50 a.m. the last egg -1- in nest B26.6 was sorta cool but the bird inside is still alive. It is pretty well pipped, but it helped it along. Want to get the close sight. Very tip of bill black, nib to naves orange-red, naves to head, deep blood red. There are short bead-like orange structures around the upper base of the bill. Bill comes out under right wing. The orange is a club shaped affair on a stalk on either side of the bill in front of the eyes. The skin above the eyes is blue. Feet are kind of a colorless greenish, body dorsal body surface covered with long black down, 1/2 its length orange, wings the same. A 1 mm. claw on each alula. Wings also with orange tipped black down. Black down on undersurface only slightly tipped with yellows. Bill from one nases, 5 mm. nid-toe 25mm. Tarsus 20 mm. Hallas 8.5 mm. tip of bill from top of frontal shield 14.75 mm. Frontal shield color continuous with that around naves. Egg tooth with white tip, above black. egg tool No orange down on top of head, starts down on nape. In 10 minutes the

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Fulica americana -18- Apr 30 [illegible] Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. yolk stalks has nearly sealed across. Loves present on feet. About 15 min. later the young bird could hold its head erect. When I approached the nest the first time today the male came in first to meet me, then the female came up, in full view, the only time she has done that. When I put the young hatched bird back in the nest, only the male showed any interest, and that was very little. Don't know whether they're there with that nest or not, suspect that they are. Trap area and nest 026.6 visited about 7:10 p.m. Pretty dark, about 20 minutes after sundown. Trap empty- the last hatched young was deal in its nest, didn't seem to have any of the vigor that egg 6 had. [when it hatched] The male parent defended the nest, but not vigorously, he came many feet to do it however. I hoped to find the whole brood on the nest, but no luck. The age dead young from egg 1 is preserved in alcohol. Also the egg, after drying. May 1 same locality - nest C12.13 had an incubating bird at 11:40 a.m.- left the nest when I moved into a better position for observation. The parents & brood from 026.6 were in that area. At least seven young were counted crossing one of the openings, and a little later another bird was seen That I believe was no.8. The ? was leading the brood thru to eat-

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Fulica Americana -19- May 1 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. tails while the ♂ defends the territory. Later the ♀ left the area, leaving the ♂ alone with the brood scattered all over the area on the north side of the island. May 2- same locality - Only 7 eggs in nest C12.13 #4 piped, 9 piped, 6, 10, 2, 1,*3 well piped. Other young heard in area 5:30 pm. Both parents were close by, giving the same "pubk" and "poonk" as the other pair. The male churned on two occasions. - Earlier, at 4:15 p.m. - the male from the north end #4 was near. (pair from C12.13 were out in open water with 2 downy young at 5:40 p.m.) H12, when the male from C12.13 came splattering across the water, driving him north to near H15. The ♀ from C12.13 was close behind. On H15 all three birds spread their under tail coverts and both males arched wings in very high position, spreading and giving paired display. The ♀ soon left the fracas, but both ♂'s hung around a moment. Then both preened & C12♂ returned towards his area, while C26♂ moved along edge of cattails diving & at H17, preening again, then heading through open water towards F26, from there I lost track of him. Later, I found a fresh nest platform at C25.19. Didn't see or hear ♀ or brood from C26.6. The fresh nest plat form was not defended, it has a number of green- cattails broken down to it, made

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Fulica americana -20- May 2 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - mostly of dry cattail materials, no egg way present. May 3 Locality - Visited the lake today at 5:45 p.m. to weigh eggs. Eggs 3 and 9 have hatched in the meantime, 1 not piped and cool wt. 28.9 gm at 5:50pm 2 " " " " wt. 26.4 gm at 6:00 " 4 still piped wt 28.7 gm at 5:50 " 6 not piped-warm wt 28.2 gm at 5:55" 10 " " " " wt 28.1 gm at 5:55 " one 6 hr + downy young at 6 pm - wt 22.1 gm. This young, the in a shoe, answered and responded to the calls of its parents some 40-100 feet away. When I returned turned with the young and it was nearly, but rapidly swam away. This young first time tried to escape, the second time it did not. I have noticed this change to docilness in at least three other birds I have handled. Both parents were around the nest, both giving characteristic calls, the f was churning vigorously for short periods of time. He also followed me as I left the nest to weigh the young, and stayed close to me as I returned with the chick. - I wonder how many of the missing young have drowned because they popped over the edge of the nest while still damp and still to weak to hold their heads up. - 2 of the young have been found thushy and saved.

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llon 49 May 5 Fulica americana -21- Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif - C12) At 5:58 p.m. ♀ #6 when being weighed is practically hatched, will be out in a few minutes. Hatched while weighing the next egg. Clipped toenail #4. Could hold its head up a moment later, calling all the time. Weighed again, shell saved. 1 2 3 R. 4 Egg 10 pipped also. Since I pulled cat-tails away from the nest to see it better, the parents have pulled down a lot of green cat-tails around and over the nest to better conceal it. - Visited the north pair about 6:30- when I crossed the dike the ♀ was in H18 and the male came out of N26 - she was quiet but he noisy. I crossed on my clearway going by the new nest, which seems to be more nearly complete, with a fairly good gangway built. While on the island the ♀ came into area K24, brusily "poonking". No sign of the ♂ from this area, but I haven't time to look around. The ♀ seems quite concerned about the new nest. The ♀ of the C12 ♀ nest doesn't give a poonk like this ♀, but does give a note quite lower than her mate, and not nearly the clear "punk" of the male. One of the birds (♀?) seemed to be feeding on insects on the water and on floating vegetation, moving a little

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ullion 749 Fulica americana -22- May 5 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. like a phalarope, but not so rapidly. This north pair sure act as if they had no family duties to perform. The hooting of a pair of horned owls in the Eucalyptus grove to E seems to have no effect on the coots. 1 Court was crowed twice along the E side of the lake but circumstances were not observed. -In the egg of this naturally hatched cl notice that the vitelline blood vessels are not filled with blood as in the 2d helped hatch, so they probably were not yet ready to hatch. Noted that this young today held its head erect fairly well 3 minutes after hatching. Mayb- same locality - visited the area with Vicki this evening. The north pair still acted as though they had no young, but we were able to count at least 3, and maybe four. Two were seen in area N26 and one at H18.23. D--A bird, which Vicki that a 4th young, was seen also in N26. The one at H18 dove as I approached, and tho I remained in the area for nearly a minute, I never did see it come up. The new nest (O25.19) seems finished, a good gangway on it, running from a floating 2x4 board to the nest. tho O was more or less defending the nest area, but not vigorously. The Jales seemed most concerned

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llori 49 Fulica americana -23- May 6 Jewel Lake, Tilden Pk., Contra Costa Co., Calif. about the widely scattered young, The ♀ showing no particular interest in them. I suspect more than the 3 or 4 seen are still around. They are probably scattered thru the cat-tail along the dam and around the island. - One of the costs from pair C/2 was heard crowing about 6:30 p.m., no circumstances were observed. May 7 same locality Nest C/2.13 is deserted with 2 cold eggs left behind, #1 & 2, 3:55 p.m. Both eggs weighed. Despite the weight difference, these 2 eggs both measure 50x36 mm., so there is no great size difference. No parents or young around this nest when I visited it. - Nest at O25.19 still without eggs. Most of the time no birds around but about 7:15 p.m. the ♂ was in the area, vigorously puking. One of the birds in area F6-9/10 - was heard crowing about 7 p.m. Heard nor saw no young today, nor did I see the S pair today, and only the male of the N pair. May 8 same locality - Both of the deserted eggs from C/2.13 broken open this morning and found to be rotten. No signs of an embryo ever having developed. One bird (the ♀?) of the south pair swimming in the open water about 7:45o. m. between E9 & D12. Later, now the trap on the island both birds of the north pair were evident and noisy. The ♂ especially was doing

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Fulica americana -28- May 8 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa C., Calif. -- a good deal of fussing. He fussed when I was near the nest, and also acted as if he was concerning over the safety of some young. The intermittent heavy rain showers about 8:30 a.m. didn't seem to dampen spirits. No eggs in nest, but it sure is ready for them. -- at 4:30 p.m. one of the 113 students told me he had seen seven young with the parents of the South Nest a little earlier. They were at the end of the upper pond. About 4:45 p.m. The North ? was seen feeding one of his young. A moment later a second one appeared, and then the ? with 2 or 3 more, all in area N26.1-5. The male was diving, bringing up cat-tail shoots, and breaking them up and feeding them to the young. One of the young apparently crazed on some diving of its own. -- about 20 minutes later, I watched the ? cross from N26.1-5 to N26.17-20 with two very yellow headed young. At the same time the ? was feeding one dark young, and another copper colored one at N26.1?2. It was diving about 3 times a minute, bringing up food, breaking it up, and offering it to the young then diving again. Often when they were on the open water, the young scotced to the shelter of cat-tails while their parent was under water.

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Fulica Americana Egg weights Nest C12.13-25- Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 1 2 4 GR4 10 6 hr young TIME May 3 28.9 26.4 28.7 28.2 28.1 22.1 5:55 p.m. May 5 28.6 26.2 - 27.0 27.7 6:00 p.m. " " 22.4 see page. 21 6:05 p.m. May 7 28.3 26.0 - deserted, eggs cold - 3:55 pm These two eggs were found to be rotten. No signs of embryos

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Fullica Americana May 8 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif.- only to hurry out to him again when he emerged. For a couple of minutes one of the young was seen pecking at some floating cat-tail material. About 5:15 p.m. the ♀ crossed to N26.16 followed by 2 young and met by a third. There he briefly fed them some more. About this time a fifth, very yellow bird was seen preening while running itself about N25.24. There may have been more in that area that I could not see. While the parents were generally quiet, the ♂ puffed some while I visited the trap, and later was was giving a low "puint-puint", which did not seem to be responded to by anything. I have still not heard any young calling recently.- About 5:30, the S ♂ was in about H7.9 with one small yellow young, diving for some thin grass like substance and feeding it to the youngsters. The adult then moved into the cat-tails nearly, and the young just remained on the open water for over a minute, being extremely conspicuous. Then it started moving slowly towards I5.21, when in the entrance to this gap, one of the parents came rapidly thru the cat-tails from about I6.12 to the young, offering it food, diving once, then leading it deep into the cat-tails.

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Fulica americana -27- May 9 El Cerrito, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - a single bird seating in the marsh grass at the mouth of @ Cerrito Creek at high tide 7 p.m. May 14 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif.- About 7:45 I observed one bird feeding a small chick near L14 - the adult was diving and bringing food up. A moment later another adult with 1 chick was seen near M25 - a moment later being joined by another chick. A few moments later 5 chicks of this brood were seen together. 3 noticeably larger and darker ones were feeding on @ surface material unaccompanied while 2 smaller and yellower birds were being fed eat-tail stem and something else from under the water. About 8 a.m. the male from the N pair moved out from N26 to L25, tipping for a filamentous substance just below the surface - then his head went up and @ he moved south in a direct line - rapidly - As he moved along he more and more assumed a charging position and at about F17 started splattering, finally stopping near G/13. In the meantime the 5 pair with 6 young, were diving and feeding in the open water near E/11. As the male from the N pair moved down, the @ from the S pair charged over, and the 2 birds went into typical spreading, wings arched, as a

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May 14 jewel Lake Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. — pairal display. Neither touched the other, nor was any sound made. They displayed for about 2 minutes before breaking off. All the twins the ♀ from the south pair remained with the young, diving and generally feeding them. I might note that the young were scattered from G 11-12 to E 10-12 at one time, scattered single individuals while the ♂ fed near G 11. When the males parted, neither dove or dived, but both dabbled in the water. The N male moved back to feed along the boat and then over to L 21 where he was joined by at least 3 young. As they moved around the E side of the island they gave the “whew” note, much as they did during time of hatching. I had not heard it for some time. No sign of the N ♀ or yet today, all have to check that “Dood” nest for eggs. About 9:30 a.m. the N pair crossed from B 22 to I 20 with 3 young. The ♀ seemed to be accompanying the young the ♂ feeding by himself in area I 21. At 12 o.m. one young was alone moving from H 4 to G 8. In area F 9 was a adult with 2 young. It chased one of the young on two occasions as they moved from there across to C 12. A short time later one bird moved out from the E shore with 2 young, to stop fed

Eulica Americana -29- May 14 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. near F 20 - a moment later another young was coming S along the cattails from E 26. Seemed to be much larger than the 2 young feeding on the open water. On several occasions during the afternoon a single young from the S brood would be seen crossing back and forth across the open water between F 10 and D 11 without the company of parents. I haven't seen birds from the north brood do this. Found what apparently is another brood near the N pair at K 28.19. The ♂ "purred" as I worked in the area. He didn't show interest when I was around the brood nest at O 25. 19, but did "purr" several times when I was in area M 25. May 14 same locality - An adult w/ 2 young seen at L 5, 22 at 12:15 p.m. About 12:45pm. The N ♀ was feeding 1 young at E 18, diving for the underwater plant. A moment later another young came out of the cat-tails at H 18 and proceeded to tip for its own food about 4 feet out. About the same time the N ♂ appeared near the boat with a third young, being fed. The ♂ moved over to the boat pursued by 2 young. He chased 1 of the young biting at its load, it gave a poor "peep - peep" as it escaped. The ♂ then promptly offered it some food just after chasing it,

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allori 249 Fulica americana -30- May 21 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. The N♀ working S along H, feeding a young, is arousing the interest (15:35) of one of the S pair. A moment earlier the S was in E/S area again, and met a young coming out, billing it before diving for food for it. The male moved back into his territory from H 14, bringing 2 young with him. A short time later one of the S pair was in the same area w/♂ young. - The N♀ was in K20 with 2 young. Lots of algae on the surface of the open water there, and a snake or turtle scared the young into the cat tails at L20.24. The ♀ moved over, killed each of the young and took off after their tormentors - she swam rapidly, in a zig-zag course, pecking at the water, as if trying to catch a rapidly moving snake swimming on erratic course just under the water surface. After twenty or so feet she lost it. A short time later the ♀ moving north with 2, a 3rd from north boat and 2 with the ♂ means 5 as in the brood - a little while later the one parent + all 5 young were feeding at L27 - at least 4 young diving or tipping for food, and some feeding (or rubbing?) one another. Except for one small one, the N brood seems quite independent of their parents - during this same time

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Fulica americana -31- May 21 Jewel Lake, Tiller Park, Contra Costa Calif. The S brood with 6 young came into area H1D, where the two parents were busily feeding their loosely knit flock. These young still give the 'whew' don't dive or tip, still have red bills and black throat & chest areas. The young of the north brood have lost the black throat and chest and now have a shiny white one, very conspicuous, they still give the 'whews' and their bills are still all red. The parent birds all seem to be quiet, and very busy. At 3:45 p.m. the north brood and parents were in E26, where most of the brood was diving, tho the young seems to have some difficulty diving, having to jump out at the water to get down, one of them stayed under-water for about 15 seconds. Generally they go down and pop right back up. - At 4:20 p.m. I saw the north parents with six young, all white throated and about the same size. 5 were with the ♀ at K24 and one with the ♂ at H24. May 28 Same locality - Arrived at the lake at 7:45 a.m. All 4 adults present, and 5 young seen in both broods. At 8:05 a.m. the two males were in paired display at F14. They were less than a foot apart and revolving around each other. This continued for nearly 1 minute. The north ♀ drifted down to join her mate, also going into

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llion 49 Fulica americana -32- May 28 Jewel Lake, Wilder Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. paired display. The south male started to move off only to be closely pursued by both of the north birds. I missed a moment, and in that time apparently the north ♀ turned off moving W to the cat-tails and the south male turned on the north male, chasing him over the water for about thirty feet. They settled down in paired display again, each threatening the other and the ♀ came in to rejoin her male. At that moment one of the young of the S brood came into the area, giving a "inquent" note. This young was promptly attacked by the north ♀. All lived as she came upon it, and at the same instant the S ♀ came spluttering to her youngs aid. The N ♀ dived at the onslaught of the S ♀ and escaped under water. All four birds then went into paired display, the two ♂♂ and the two♀♀ each opposing their like number. For a moment the 2 ♂♂ sat back on their tails to look at each other with their feet, but this was short lived. To this the octup broke up, with each bird moving off in typical separation behavior, except that they didn't seem to be diving. During this time the broods seemed to be scattered all over the lots.

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Fulica americana -33- May 28 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. The brood nest of the south pair was found at 1.4.20. It is made of broad leaved cat-tail, all dead leaves - about 6 inches to top from water - next along with gangway facing W, parallel to edge of cat-tails, about 4 feet in from edge with no overhead cover and three very sparse cat-tails around side. No lining. (4.30 p.m.) - 5 p.m. - the five visible young of the south brood were feeding with their parents on the open water between D11/12 & G10/11. They are quite close in pattern except that two have white on the breast that the others lack. They all seem to have white some. head in the No red or & plumage white things projecting from the way of fillo plumes. orange coloration in all white & black. Bill is red at the base and becoming lighter towards the tip. Three of the young, one black breasted & two with two white divided by a black median band, are being fed by one (?) parent. Twice now the male has relentlessly pursued each of the two with the white, although they try to beg. The one without the white has not been molested & has been fed. They are giving a

Fulica Americana May 28 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co., Calif. including the throat chest & chin region; also the side of the neck and the cheeks are white. The bill is still reddish - the head has a hoary cast to it. They are mostly feeding themselves (at 5:20 the S male is cawing 3 times) in company with their parents, but occasionally one takes food from a parent. They look nearly as large as the female now, and sometimes when viewed from the back they are confused with the ♀. When directly facing me they look all white except for the bill which is reddish. The white is apparently only on that part of their chest region that is out of the water, for the breast of one standing out of the water breaks sharply to a light gray at the water line. Two of them are feeding on the edge of the open water along the dam. They are feeding like phalaropes, picking insects from the water surface. June 4 same locality - This morning at 8 p.m. I have been able to count 12 young coots on the lake. 7 in the area of the south brood and 5 with the north parents. One of the south brood birds looks pretty large for his nest mates, probably belongs to the north brood, but there seems to be no objection to its remaining

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Eulais americana June 4 fewal Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. and feeding with the S brood. The bird of the north brood seem to be fully as large as their mother tho still smaller than their father. They are extremely white on the front surfaces. Bill seems to be getting lighter but is by no means white. One of the north wood young was seen chasing dragon-flies. The insects were resting on some floating vegetation at F/9 and the young was slowly creeping up on them in a charging position - didn't seem to be having much luck. Once about 7:55 a.m. The N♂ closely pursued the N♀ from G/14 to G/18 - acting as if he were trying to mount her, although his display was given at any time - just as he was about to mount, each of about 5 times, she dived and came up a foot or two ahead. All the while 5 cheering young came streaming along behind. The young of the south brood are still mostly not as white as those of the north brood. The white breast seems to be present on all of them now - but only two or three have white on the head - their bills are still orangy, (at 8:150 a.m. a charging bird heard 3 times at B/16 but circumstances not observed Redwing also excited a little)

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Fulica americana -36- June 4 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Cal.- and they are all still smaller than either parent. They are still being fed by their parents, the darker birds at least, while there doesn't seem to be any parental feeding now in the north brood. Territory doesn't seem to be so strong for the N& fed with 2 young at H/3 for about 5 minutes with as much as a "puk" from the south pair, tho they were all [illegible] in the area F11x612. June 20 same locality - At 12:30 p.m. I was able to count 9 immature coots on the lake. From about 11:50 to 12:10 5 of the north brood were resting on a floating raft at N27.4. None of these birds have the white foreparts that they had the last time I was here, rather it is all grey. Bills are dark, maybe black. Wings look well formed, I imagine they can fly. They seem to be completely independent of their parents. When the female was out feeding, two of them passed right by her, feeding on their own. One was heard giving a characteristic "kwee" while another with it gave a poorly developed "pook." The young of the north brood seem to be quite sociable, one seldom being seen alone. Both adults of the north pair are visible, and both silent. They both seem to be

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Fulica americana -37- June 20 Jewel Lake Contra Costa, Calif.- in full plumage, but the ♀ appears quite greyish. Only one bird [illegible] of the south brood seen so far. It gave the crowing call at position C14 about 12:15 p.m. One once, no cause or results seen. About 12:10 a red- tailed hawk was circling over the lake. Exposed coots (about 6? of them) did not try to find shelter but rather stayed put keeping one eye turned skyward. During the time the Buteo was overhead there was no sound from the birds on the lake.-at about 1:45 p.m. 10 young were seen, 6 in the area D+E-18+19., the other four in the south pond. Two [illegible] were in a distant paired display at C+D-17. One about C 17.23.-the other at D 17.18 -the one from C17 splattered a few feet towards the other, but they were never closer than about 15 feet, soon they gradually dropped out of the display and went on feeding. No sounds were heard during the process. At 4:15 p.m., while mapping the lake in the vicinity of the south brood nest the S♀ worked across the open water from F9 to near my position beside the nest. She churned about 8 times, and "poonked" between churns. The ♂ followed along about 20 feet behind, "pulking". They act as if they may be nesting again.

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Euleca atenasana -38- June 20 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. A minute after the above observation I found a nest with 6 eggs in it apparently belonging to the south pair. Since the eggs were cool when numbered I didn't hang around to measure the nest etc. The nest is at about 5:13. It has a smaller inside diameter than most nests and seems to be deeper; it is much higher out of the water and lacks an extensive gangway. It is a very few feet from open water. There are a few breast feathers among & under the eggs, but not an attempt to line the nest with feathers. The nearly brood nest appears to be in good repair and no use. Whitehead was working (about 5:30 p.m.) in the area north of the island. The NO came over and "puked" me vigorously. Probably another nest but I haven't time to look for it tonight. Six young and both the North parents were on the water in area E+F-21-22 feeding about 5:35 p.m. All of the flying but one were together. The parents were each singly, on either side and several feet away from the brood. The young were busily tripping and doing some diving. They all have white under tail coverts and are all nearly the size of the P parent. The upper tail coverts look fully adult but the rest of the plumage is not. Their bills are a light

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Eulicia Americana -39- June 20 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa, Calif. grayish when seen in good light, their breasts a dirty light gray & their backs are darker. 2 of them have very dark patches on the forewants just above the water line. Two of the south brood are still very white on their front surfaces. The brood nest of the north pair (at O 25.19) is nearly gone, not being used and has nearly fallen apart, their egg nest tho still seems to be in place tho it is nearly sunken. A fresh green leaf as been laid across the top & other dry stuff laid on top of it recently. The brood nest along the dam was not visited. Three of the south brood studied more closely- one has some white under tail coverts and a dark breast etc., the other two are still quite white, showed no signs of white under tail coverts. One that I studied closely seemed to have a black base to its bill, with the distal portion more yellowish, also the cap of its head down around the eye was darker than the back of the head, neck or breast. Something else that is noticeable, the birds of the north brood & the dark one in the south brood now carry their tails free of the water, while the white fronted ones still swim with their tail on the water surface also a definite size difference.

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Fulica americana 40- June 20 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park Contra Costa Co. Calif. At 6:30 pm. I counted 7 young in the area of the south brood and six young with one of the north parents - both south brood parents were seen in addition to the seven try young, but they weren't together. At least five of the seven had white breasts but the back of the necks & head varied from the pattern shown above to one in which the whole back of the neck & top of the head is a very dark gray. The darkening apparently starts at the back of the head and moves down the midline then spreading to either side of the neck. - Just came to my attention that I haven't seen the coots flying clear of the water since March 27. June 21 same locality - Watching the 8 pairs since 10:50 a.m. until now 11:40 a.m. - during most of this entire time both birds have been in view and thus off the nest. For the last 10 minutes only the ♂ has been in sight but I think the ♀ is off N of the South Pond. Now I hear her "poonking" & I can see the male over in the vicinity of the nest. - Shortly after I arrived this morning the S ♂ was seen to chase a ♀ redwing off some low hanging dead branches at 6:11.6 - he made two lunges at her - rising out of the water each time. A little while later the S ♂ closely followed the S ♀ into the opening at 1-6-21-he

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Fulica Americana -41- June 2/ Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co, Calif. making a series of low notes resembling crowing. (Now 11:50) the ♂ has moved over to F9 and the ♀ has vanished on the nest (?) the ♂ was just seen to chase an insect into the cat-tails and jump out at the water to pick it off the leaves) They were out of sight for some time (now the ♀ is visible at 6:10) That's over an hour 65 min - that the eggs have not been incubated. Both birds are now in sight - the ♂ being beside the cat-tails near the nest) and then the ♀ appeared from the cat-tails some distance away. At 11:20, the ♂ made a lunge at an immature at I 6:11 - the young ducked & he churned twice. Awhile later, one of the largest young venturing into the gap near the nest, was promptly chased out by the female. The young seem to be constantly hunting the surface of the Potamogeton for insects - they completely ignore the many turtles lying with their heads above water - but make repeated attempts to catch skating dragon flies - they are noisy, giving a note that is a shrill "poont" like sound - right now (12m) one is 'whewring' but it's the first live heard today. The most dive seen in the 5 brood today seems to be 5. Both parents and the young seem to be eating mostly the Potamogeton, which is so dense they nearly have to walk over it. They do not seem to be eating cat-tail

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Fulica americana -42- June 21 Jewel Lake, Tableland Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif.- Any longer-- at 12:15 p.m. the ♀ went into the S nest, took a look around and left, swimming down to H 4 - at 12:23 the ♂ went into the nest area also looked around, then dived to emerge out in the lake . Now 12:25 he has moved to near the ♀ where they are both diving. At 2:05 p.m. a bird crowed at B19.10- crowed three- almost immediately a bird (W? ?) came charging over from near J23 - when at about F20. the crowing bird splattered over to meet him at D19 - they immediately went into paired display and after some preliminary fooling around they both reared back on their tails and lashed at each other with their feet- they repeated this performance 3 times. The last time with the W bird almost on top of the south bird. About the time the scrapping started the S ♀ "poonked" and came moving up to aid her mate; she arrived after the last scrap but joined him in display- soon they broke off with dabbing and preening. A little later one of the S pair was busy bathing - a few minute later - one of the S pair was perched on a cat-tail mass near the position of the original crow. - The nest found yesterday was revisited today at 3:20 p.m. very Still six eggs, and warm - inside diameter of cup 6½ in., rim 6 in above water, inside cup about 4 in above water -

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llion 349 June 21 Jewel Lake, Trident Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. - Fulica americana -43- gangway leads out E side, turns sharply to go to open water. Gang- way of foot long broad leaves - some 2 leaves of green in nest, rest are all of battered (bitten?) narrow leaves. Seem to be quite a few feathers in this nest, not only around the eggs but also at deep layers. It is 11 in from rim of nest to water down gangway. From the rim above the gangway to the opposite side it is 12 inches. The water 1 in below the surface at the nest side was 72°F. At 4 p.m. I saw 12 young at once, six in the south area, six with the♀ in the north area - still think my count of 13 yesterday was good. This is the first time today I've been able to count more than 10 young surely. 4:10 p.m. - found what may be the start of another nest platform for the north pair at N26, 14. A little greenery in it, mostly dried cat-tails, water soaked, not over 1 inch high & about 8 inches across. I'm not sure it is fresh. The damwood nest of this pair is defunct. Once about 4:30, the NF gathered the brood close to her and then sailed into the whole lot of them, first chasing one and then

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llinoi 349 Fulica americana -44- June 21 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif.- another, finally scottering the lot. This pair must have a nest active because one of them is out of site so much. I threw a tennis ball out into the lake and four members of the north brood became extremely curious, trying to determine what the floating object was. They would approach, all humped up, to about ten feet from it and then hastily retire - 3 times I saw this happen; they never did actually examine it. The adults paid no attention to it. At. 4:45 p.m. the south nest is still without a brooding bird. Can't see either of the south pair but I cleared off stuff away so I can see the nest clearly. The spring coots of the N brood seem very sociable and are generally closely together, except for 1 low wolf, but the S brood is generally scattered all over this area, seldom are two even seen close together. June 22 - North El Cerrito Creek, Alameda Co. Calif. - 3 apparently fully adult birds were in the salt grass alongside the bay here at 6 p.m. When I approached them they swam out onto the rough waters. June 23 - Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. - At 8:30 a.m. 4 young of the south brood were feeding on the south pond. A moment later the 2 came out of the cat-tails at 67 and proceeded to feed on a patch I

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Junior 49 June 23 Jewel Lake, Hidden Park, Contra Costa, Calif. open water there. She was feeding by diving, three dives were timed: 10½, 11, r 11 seconds. She did not bring the food to the surface. At about 8:50 the S ♂ was heard near D 12 - and a moment later he- was in sight - thus no bird is on the nest (deserted?). At 9:05 a.m. the two males on the lake clashed at H/3.7. Sounded as they were lashing at each other but I did not actually see the conflict - I saw it just as it was broken off. There was no breaking off or separation procedure other than preening. The S ♀ spattered from F5 to F8 in the haste to join her mate, but since the struggle quickly ended she did not go beyond G 11. The next platform at N 26.14 is apparently not under construction, at least no bird has been on it since the 21st. The old egg nest of the north pair seems to be in use still - today it had feathers on it that were not there before. The new S nest contained six cold eggs today- it has been deserted - the clearing was apparently too much for them. At 9:50 a.m. a bird crowed at B18- immediately the south ♀ "pooned" and the N ♂ "putked". I couldn't see the proceedings immediately after the crow but a moment later I was in the cat-trails and I could see that the crowing bird was alone except for 1 young nearby,

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Illinoi 949 Euliea americana -46- June 23 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. At 7:30 p.m. the sun had set and only one adult of the N family and both adults a young of the south pair were seen - by 7:45 the N ad had disappeared into the cat-tails at L21. A few moments later the S birds were also out of sight. June 24 same locality - As soon as I chased them into the cat-tails this morning about 10:30, activity seemed to cease - occasionally one would be seen, but seldom for more than a moment - I had the boat off to water at 3 p.m. but it was not until 3:30 that activity started - at that time one bird crowed, and a moment later came splattering over the water from C15 to B18 - where he immediately attacked a young there, in quick succession three of the north brood were driven out to about C20. In the middle of this battle the N & "pukked" from somewhere over near the island and a moment later was seen charging across the lake. The young "peeped" excitedly as he passed and he killed two of them but without slowing his pace, he continued on to about B19.16 where he drew up, matching in paired display the antics of the other bird at B19.1. This display desated less than a minute before they broke it off and separated without

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Fulica americana June 24 Jewel Lake, Wilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif - ceremony. The N♀ followed her mate over, arriving with the young shortly after the P♂ had broken off. Very quickly the N♀ left the brood to go into the cat-tails at M25.24 - I think there is a nest in that area. The S♂ moved over to rest on his favorite perch at B19.1 while the N♀ and four young fed over towards the boat. June 26 same locality - At 9:55 a.m. one of the adults (P?) of the S brood attacked a young of her brood at C4 - The younger immediately dived, and the adult crowned for a moment once. Another newly young was not molested. The attacked young a few minutes before I believe was giving a note very much like the

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Juliusi 1949 Eulicia Americana -48- June 26 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. At 10:15 a.m. no less than 6 ♀ brood young were seen in close company of their ♂ parent. At the same time the ♀ was feeding on some debris at 4.8 - Relocated to a nest seen during the night of June 23- it is at C/2.6. It is built very much as the recently deserted ♀ nest was, high above the water and quite deep cupped no eggs and doesn't seem to have a pathway as yet. I don't believe it is a brood nest - at least it is not like the brood nest at 34 of this pair. Time will tell whether or not it is a new nest. - 4 dives by the ♀ between 11:15 & 11:30 a.m. ran 13, 11, 9.5, 9.5 seconds. - on the last dive she brought up a cat-tail shoot- first one ever seen brought to the surface for quite some time. 6 ♂ young of the south brood have been in view nearly continuously for the last 1/2 hour. June 26 - North El Cerito Creek, Alameda-Contra Costa Co., Calif. I saw seen at 7:15 p.m. today feeding on the mud flats- the tide just about started to go out and they are picking up something in the little pools left behind. They really can & get around on this soft mud with lobed feet. Seems to be a ♂ & ♀ together, but no young.

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July 1 - Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Watched 5 young of the N Wood early this morning - all of them still have light gray heads and rather darkish bills - 2 feeding on the raft have bills that are getting light - one of them has been busy trying its wings out - flapping them and dancing around. One of the N Wood parents has been busy chasing young this morning - splattering after them and them chasing when the young dived to escape. About 10 a.m. today I found the second nest of the N pair - at N 25. 3/4 . One egg at least has already hatched and left the nest while a second young, just hatched is in the nest; this second one was photographed in B&W color - 4 more eggs, one of which (#3) was just one piped. The male was in the vicinity pukeing. I will get other measurements on this nest at a later date - gotta get the wing trap made. About 2 p.m. the recently hatched young was out of the nest and I heard the "whew" of two young at N 25. (This nest was located by hearing the loud "whew" notes of the just hatched young this morning). The old egg nest of the N pair is still being built up and kept under good repair - in addition the platform at N 26.14 seems to have been considerably developed and looks as though it may be in use as a brood nest.

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llus 149 Fulica americana -50- July 2. Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. At 7:15 p.m. #3 of the new N wood was hatched and dry. The shell was collected, #1 (34x53mm) is piped, #2 (35x51mm) is also piped #3 (34x55mm) is not piped both the piped ones are multiply so. The N was close by "punking". Only 5 young in the old N wood have been seen for the last two days - don't know where #6 is. These 5 young remain very close together - the N♀ was S of the island while the ♂ was concerned over the nest. July 3 - same locality - caught two young of N wood today - nails clipped -1 the rt hallux, the other the left hallux 2 clipped new R1 + L1. - egg two was well piped at 11 a.m. with the full and much of the yolk readily visible - eggs #1 & #4 are both piped about equally well-both more than doubly piped. The ♀ seems to be maintaining close company with the swimming young while the male is partly defending the nest, chasing the old N wood and responding to the "crow" challenge of the S ♂. I may be able to catch and mark one of these N parents today if I work properly. Both of the young cought today were depending upon concealment - at which they are good- rather than by diving or swimming

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Eulica americana -51- July 3 Jewel Lake Tilden Park Contra Costa Co Calif. away to escape capture - when they are in danger then one of them swam under some floating cat-tail which kept it partially submerged while the other remained motionless under some root structure of some cat tail in order to remain concealed. Both of them were absolutely silent until captured - then they loudly "whew'd" - The new egg nest of the S pair, at I 5.14 has been considerably built up- 3 of the Dd eggs were under water on part of the gangway, the others could not be found. - Also found another brood nest of the S pair, at C 6.16 - seems to be very much in use. - At about 3 p.m I found the 3rd egg nest of the south pair with 4 eggs in it at F 9.24. All eggs marked on side & big end but not other movements taken. Eggs were all quite warm, the male was over in D11, "pumping", the F could not be seen or heard. - Seen to be 6 in the north brood feeding together. Still a couple of very light birds in the S brood but most of them seems to have the immature plumage now. At the moment both S parents & one young are crossing from point D12 towards the nest area. - At 3:35 p.m. #3? of the new N brood was hatched but still slightly damp - it was busily mewling and both parents as nearly cooing & purring - it was mild

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Fulica americana -52- July 3 fresh water Tiber Park Contra Costa Co. Calif. clipped - R2. A fourth, this the 3rd swimming young captured and nail clipped - L2 - also photographed on a white paper background - the black on these animals rubs off - the parents at 4:50 p.m. are near the end of The boat feeding one swimming young - 2 swimming young and are near the nest - and one is still in the nest after hatching. July 4 Same locality - at 10:30 a.m. the N parents were out on the open water at L27 with 4 swimming young. They were busily feeding them - at this same time egg #1 has the bill pretty well exposed and I suspect it will hatch by this afternoon - egg #4 is well piped but none of the shell is missing - from the way some of these shells from freshly hatched eggs are broken up I suspect that the parent birds may eat the shell, or at least parts of it - certainly the newly hatched young don't mess the shell up so badly - The membranes are generally well intact but great parts of the shell is missing. - Egg of the S nest all cold - #3 weight 29.38 gms. #4 weight 30.13 gms, #1 weighs 31.50 gms + #2 weighs 31.76 gms - hope this nest isn't deserted. (11:00 a.m.) July 5 Same locality - at 10:15 a.m. the N parents had 3 young on the open water at M27 feeding them some thio

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Fulica americana -53- July 5 Jewel Lake, Tullden Park, Contra Costa Co, Calif. from among the mass of Polamagetor at 10:30 a.m. The young from egg #1 was in the nest, fully dry and ready to go. All egg shell remains were gone. It started over to side as I caught it. Too slipped R3 and weighed, 17.45gms. Young R2 also captured swimming away from the nest but not weighed. At 10:55 a.m. egg #4 with an active "in hewing" young set it but nowhere pipped thru, weighs 24.91gms. still cold in the 3 egg nest at 15.14. This nest is 6 in across the cup, which is about 2 in deep- water to rim opposite gangway is 6 mi - rim to rim from gangway is 11 in. Composed of Dry broad leaf cat-tail- level with fined cat tail shreds-gangway is poorly constructed, really more, just a place for one. Nest faces SW- open water being 3 ft away in that direction. No immediate overhead canopy, but the broad leaved cat-tails around the nest form an effective cover about 5 feet up, so the nest is really effectively concealed from above.

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Eulica Americana -54- July 5 Jewel Lake Tiller Parks Contra Costa Co Calif- the nest at I 5.13 is now 7 inches To the pin- a considerable amount of new material having been added- it is taking the form of an egg nest. July 6 same locality- Egg #4 is hatched at 10:30a.m.- the shell is mostly gone from the nest and the still damp chick weighs 19.62gms. Toe nail L3 clipped. Just after being weighed this young passed a small quantity of fecal matter- some white in it, but mostly it was a bright greenish- a long 2 or 3 inch cord about 3 mm in diameter. Caught 2 N brood young this afternoon, marked R as 5/8. Both had primaries about 3/4 developed, but still with considerable sheathing for nearly 1/2 the primary length- bills gray with a reddish spot on the shield. The female N was taken banded etc - her bill is like ivory- with the red shield mark- no indication of molt in primaries.- I got the No7 to fly for a couple of hundred feet- neither of the young seem to be able to. R2 of the new N brood was captured at 7/18/18.-weighed at 25.96gms and released- notice that all the color plumes are missing from the underparts and that a very few are left in the back region except those orange and reddish ones on the head- the club-

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allison 949 July 6 Fulica americana -55- Jewel Lake, Tilden Park Contra Costa Co. Calif. Males feathers are very well developed and bright red & orange - base of bill a very deep reddish purple. About 5 p.m. caught the No 7.- he really outsnapped- the No F went in the trap with him but she was released. This legs area bright lemon yellow green - the iris is blood red his bill is ivory, extremely smooth - his temper is extremely vile - his bill is pied with a reddish-black marking. His shield is somewhat more extensive than the female's and is very deep blood red whereas hers is a lighter almost orange-red. - while chasing some of the N brood warded young 2 of them at least took flight and did so well- they are fully capable of leaving the lake & believe. When I was bringing R2 over to be weighed I saw No F + No F feeding at H2F with surely 4 and maybe 5 young - Ill be just a little surprised if this last hatched young L3- survives. - just now the No F is crossing to the island from the east side with 5 young - number 6, the missing one is without doubt L3.- the tags flash in the light clear across the lake - but they flash a white rather than colored light-. Tags don't seem to bother the birds, they are shaking their heads a little occasionally, but for the most

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Illinois 49 Fulica americana -56- July 6 Jewel Lake Golden Gate Contra Costa Co Calf. part they seem to completely ignore them -Oh yeah no evidence of molt on the NO primaries - the coverts are remarked, same als. color as rest of body feathers. Now NO + Q are together with new brood at G/18. July 7 same locality - During the noon hour the NO (3) and NQ (13) have been in nearly constant view as they fed & young in the bay NW of the Boat. I guess another bird was got lost during the night. Just now (12:55 pm.) something seems to be disturbing the NF and she is growling very much as she has at me on several occasions when I was catching young of this brood. I haven't heard the male give that growl - growling is quite generally accompanied by churning. Yesterday I found a brood nest in the area H/17- must check again to get exact location. 3 or 4 flying young (all of the north brood ?) seem to be confined to an area extending across the lake S of 18 and N of about 12 -elsewhere on the lake they are subject to pursuit - I have not had much luck in getting them out of this area. I haven't seen for sure the two immatures banded yesterday - since fogging my glasses as I did while catching the

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llroi 149 Fulica americana -57- July 7 Jewel Lake Tilden Park Contra Costa C, Cal. N & L have had extremely limited optic powers. - At 3 p.m., I saw GS & R near C/6- was standing at the bridge and could see R tag w/s glasses, and could see the GS tag clearly with my out-of-line glasses. Also the N parents + brood are in area G+H-13+14 there are 5 young with the parents. July 8 - same locality - G of the S brood examined - tip of bill to nostril dirty ivory, seat of bill soft gray, frontal shield flesh colored, iris red-brown, top of head dark gray, throat light gray, 3 mm claw on each wing, some brown feathers on rump, brown gray on back, legs gray-green, white under tail coverts present rectrices 3/4 out of sheath, oil gland tufted; alula, primaries + secondaries all 1/2 out of sheath. Y of S brood ivory on 10 mm of tip of bill, feathers on top of head 1/2 dark+light gray feathers, underparts of head, chin, throat etc very light gray, nearly white, shield flesh colored, iris greyish around edge, red brown towards center, 2nd primary 73 mm-32 mm sheathed - quite a patch of brown feathers on rump - felt green. S/R-same as G as regards plumage + bill-2y is a red-green all over, no oute-gray spoting, 2nd primary 85 mm total length 39 mm

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llion 949 Euloca Americana -58- July 8 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co Calif. sheathed. G1S - of N brood 2nd primary 121 mm fully unsheathed - 10 primaries 1st with a white leading edge leading edge on 1st feather of pollex white, about a 15 mm tip of white on secondaries - first white tip on 7th primary but only tight around rachis on primaries 7-8-9-10- but tips including rachis white on all secondaries. iris quite reddish, 8 mm of frontal shield deep blood red, bill smooth gray, legs dull yellow green. G3B - much as above bird but no white tips on primaries, 2nd primary 131 mm, middle rectrix 57 mm, legs dull gray green. S? B/S blood red unbleched eye, bill ivory with pied on upper bill, frontal shield dried blood red - 5 mm claw on pollex. 2nd primary 136mm mid rectrix 58 mm - no evidence of molt, no white tips on primaries but all secondaries with white tips. G1S of S brood eyes gray green fleched red, bill mottled ivory to nostril, head top mostly dark gray few light gray feathers, brown on rump and on flanks 2nd primar 94 mm - 30 of it sheathed. mid rectrix 43 mm 7 of it sheathed R1B 2nd primary 76 mm. 30mm sheathed, 3 mm claw on pollex, 10 mm of the

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Fulica americana July 8 Devil Lake Wilder Park Contra Costa Calif. tip of bill ivory, otherwise plumage much as preceding bird. - During the course of trapping today I picked up R/S of the N wood at 1/3 and found what appears to be another brood nest (of 5 pair?) about 1/5 - also someplace in that area saw what looked like the beginning of another nest. - There should be at most of unmarked birds on the lake / adult + immature from the S area and two immatures from the N area. R/S and G/S both got into its trap without cooping, they were found in the trap when the S/d.- 1/5 - was driven in. - While the eye on G/S was reddish it still had a flocked appearance and was still not the clear red of the adult. B/S + G/B both flew away on release. The white tips of primaries present on B/S were not found on any bird exam- ined after that. Also I noted some- things peculiar about the primary covets on that adult that I didn't note at the moment and I have since forgotten what it was - some- things about the pattern of white as I recall. July 10 same locality - about 4:35 p.m. while trying to drive some of the birds by throwing stones - one of the stones hit /? at position E 9.25 - quickly two oth

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Fulica americana -60- July 10 Jewel Lake Tilden Park Contra Costa Co. Calif. Immatues gathered around the injured bird, it seemed to be bleeding at the mouth but can wiggle its tail and move its wings. Don't know where it was hit- sure hope it pulls out okay. At the moment G, 0/5, R, R15, and one unmarked bird are feeding at F+G-8. A moment ago the unmarked bird made a pass at the tag on R15 but was unable to get close enough to touch them. The unmarked adult from the S end has been seen this afternoon too. About 4 p.m. The N♀ was with 4 young at 526 and then about 4:20 p.m. The N♀ was chasing all of the immatues out of the area at G15-16+17. A moment later 4 young appeared there and then slowly drifted northwest towards the island from the boat. Those two flying immatures that are unmarked have been the leaders in that N brood- probably the oldest- and consistently do the first to fly when alerted- by 5:05 p.m. The injured bird was dead. It is one of the two smallest birds in the S brood, I'm sure sorry to lose it. Guess I'd better skin it out. As I worked over to get it, all the birds previously feeding in that area worked down the cat-tails on the west side and onto the open water

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Fulica americana -61- July 10 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Ca. Calif. -at H/8 - the marked adult of the S pair flew to D 25 - shortly after I was out of the water there was some commotion at the N end of the lake - I suppose the N pair cleaning all the interlopers out. July 11 - The bird F-45-624032 that died yesterday was shinned today. It had been hit in the sacral area and suffered a severe internal hemor- rhage - the coelom was pretty generally filled with blood. As nearly as I could determine it was a male - there were two quite distinct adrenals - yellow and in addition - two oblong yellow bodies that I suspect were testes. The skull was single layered over the entire body and head. July 12 - Same locality - at 4:45 p.m. - 8 or 9 birds were seen feeding in area F-H 10-13 There were 2 unmarked immatures + 1 un marked adult - and in addition R/S, R, G, Y, G/B, R/15, S/16, G/S. Right now, 4:50 p.m. - I am able to see 3 unmarked immatures and 1 unmarked adult - just now B has chased all the birds out of the area N of F 9 - even chasing G/B around the point, she alighting at F/6-4 - then she retreated north towards E/12 - th birds routed included at least one S pair adults. [Sitting in the car at BB 9 - I can distinguish, with those

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lison 49 Fulica americana -62- July 12 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park Contra Costa Co., Calif. Zeiss 8x glasses loaned to me, every Tag on all the birds in sight - the furtherest having been G/B (the most difficult) at G/5. 12.] Now all tho immatures + S adults seem to be ni F+G8. there are at least 10 birds visible there at the moment. G/B + G/S, both of N Wood look very much like adults today except for the dull bill - the head color is fully as dark as that of an adult. Side by side with an adult - I guess G/B is not so a adult looking at all - The general body color + proportions are those of an adult but the head is still much too light. And G/5 looks even less like an adult. The birds still with the light gray on their balds are G/S, G, R/B just a little. R is much like G/B, two + two + the unmasked birds. Obviously immature but with dark head are 2 unmarked birds Y. Just now G/B just chased Y a few feet in area G/7.3. I have seen no signs of antagonism canued by the presence of dangles as yet - nor have I seen any evident attempts to remove them by either pecking at them or by scratching at them with their feet. - At 5:30 pm. B crossed from K28 to L25 with four of her new brood - they are very colorful around the head but apparently have lost all the plumages from the body - instead there appears to be.

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Fulica americana -63- July 12 Jewel Lake, Tulare Pals, Central Coala Calif. a whitish down tinging the black body down - this may merely be optical illusion tho. At the same time the B was working along the side of the Ireland and finally crossing to near the N end of the boat - S moved down the E side of the lake and crossed to H18 with 1 young - thus 5 young are accounted for. July 13- same locality - Still can account for 3 unmarked immature, and 1 adult - BG, P and the 3 unmarked immatures seem to stay pretty close together - but I believe one of the unmarked birds is of the S wood - it doesn't seem capable of flight. Noted this morning that if several birds are moving thru the Potamogeton they tend to get in line, not as a sociable move but rather because the first bird then clears a path that the others can follow. [Have not seen B1S since its release] In the last few minutes B has been near H25 with 2 young and S has been at F27 with 1 young (1:45 a.m.). The SB bird came into area H18 about 1:05 p.m. and promptly proceeded to drive the 5 young feeding at G17 to the last 2 spots of the lake. A moment later the S bird was chasing one of its own young in that same area. One of the very brood young was run down and caught at H12 - following the

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Fulica americana -64- July 13 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa & Calif. unmarked adult of the S pair. This young R 2 cheeped vigorously as the boat gained on it, and when I rocked out to pick it up it flipped over on its back kicking out with its feet. as I picked it up it repeatedly pecked at me and at the cloth bag & put it in. Otherwords, the fight pattern is present typically even at this tender age! 1:40 p.m. Weighed 34.08->5x05-12-92 37.08gms. - toe clipped a little more. Top of head still quite bald-blue skin over eyes. Orange plumes around head - especially heavy on chin, no plumes above eye nor on crown area. Bill still like that of newly hatched (very active and hard to hang on to- Orange plumes still on wings but the plumes formerly on body seem to have faded to white and are completely absent from underside of body. TWT 18 mm, 1st toe 10 mm, mid toe 25 mm, bill+shield 16mm. Also noticed 4 wax feathers on post edge of eye on each side. Iris a muddy red-brown. This youngster was silent all the time it was closely confined but it peeped & whewrd almost constantly while being handled. - On two occasions today when the B pair routed several assorted birds in her territory she came "pooncing" across the

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Illon 749 Fulica Americana -65- July 13- Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. waters. Apparently in times of crisis Territory breaks down, for the N birds will tolerate the birds deeep in their areas as long as I am on the water with the boat. About the time I left (7 p.m.) one young was incubating at E 28 and the N ♀ was working across from the island area along the dam to pick up the lone bird. Another young was on as near the new Negg nest. This nest has been much built up and apparently is much in use as a brood nest. July 14- same locality (8:15 a.m.) Apparently, the tags have been lost off one immature eince I can see 4 unmarked young immatures in addition to 1 marked adult this morning. That other wood nest, found July 8, is at A/5.5. It is a very well built affair and may have been destined for eggs. At 3 p.m. caught R3 of the new N brood. Reclipped its mail- [illegible] caught it at K 26 after it had dove to escape - it went under twice, The second time I was able to follow it as it swam immediately under the pondweed. Both times when it came up for air and when I caught it - it "peeped" urgorously. After I got it to the ear it pecked but not while on the water - it was so tangled

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Fulica americana -66- July 14 Jewel Lake, Tiller Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. In pondweed out there it had no chance to fight back. It was weighed -57.18 gms. Its plumage is as much like R2-with faded plumes on its back, orange on its wings & head area-- the skin on its dorsal body is black, but on its wings, and neck the skin is flesh colored-on top of head-the bald pate-it looks severely sunburned- the down on the ventral body surface is so dense as to be nearly impossible to get thru to see skin color-- dorsal down is nowhere nearly so dense. The ventral skin seems to be white. TMT 21mm., mid-toes 28 mm., hallux 11 mm., bill & shield 18 mm. This bird has nearly a complete ring of wax feathers around its eyes. Pollex claw about 1 1/2 mm. note:- Territory seems to be a function of brood and dependent upon either eggs or young being present. The south pair has completely deserted territory defense, since giving up their last nest attempt- but on the other hand the N pair had tolerated other birds in their territory with both broods until they started hatching, first they tolerated mallards until the day they started hatching, and then they tolerated the old brood up until the very day their second brood started coming

Fulica americana -67- Note:- cont'd.- off- also, as soon as the S pair Gave up their territory the N pair expanded into it - however During recent days with both of of trapping on, they have placed some, and concentrated on keeping other coots out of the area north of a line across about 17. July 15- Jewel Lake, Tilden Park Contra Costa Co. Calif.- At 8:50 am. R, G/B and 3 unmarked birds were feeding at H6 - B with 2of 3 young at D22 and S with 1 young at H25. no other birds visible. About 9 a.m. R, G/B and 4 unmarked young were chased (by whom?) out of the Sarea to E-H 16-18. R/S is feeding now(9:05) with an un marked bird at H15 and B has just come down, past the boat, chasing all to birds feeding near G/7 across the lake to C/15. Only 2 young seen to be following B - S is at L19,15 feeding 1 young but the 2 young that have been following B are going over to him- also one young is crossing to his position from L21. At 9:450 a.m. R/B was taken in the book net trap S14-27 with very little trouble - WT - 487 second primary 97 mm - 25 of it shatters ivory on bill for 10mm - at upper- past end of ivory there is a 2 mm spot of yellow, also the shield is a yellow green with little red evidence of red in it - eye - with a concentric ring of red, inner

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Fulica americana -68- July 15 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. and outer bordered with greenish tinge - --- and very slight white tip on 10th primary otherwise smore on primaries - little group of feathers on leading edge of wing just in front of 1st primary are white on their leading or ventral edge. These are not covert feathers - leading edge of 1st primary white but not 2nd of primaries. No evidence of wear or tear on the tags, on R/B looked as good as new. G/B seems to be the ring leader in the V brood - when they go some place it is in front, followed by an unmarked bird and then R. The other unmarked birds then follow behind R. Just now G/B R + 1 UMM stated from H/18 towards F23 but S came out from K20, he got a lead on them as he angled out, and turned them back, without actually charging them but rather just by "pushking" and cutting them off. Now they have returned to H/18 and he came around by the boat and has slowly moved them out to D18 - now they are starting north. S is behind them and B is coming out from K20 to help head them off. He got ahead of them, she turned back, and now S bids G/B R+3 UMM are heading S - They are still milling around at D20 with the S north of them, B is coming over and actively charging and

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Julian 749 Euloca Americana -69- July 15 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. splattering after them. Driving them south. S has lost interest and is moving off north, B is “pawking” as she chases a single bird, R/S captured in west trap about 12 pm. wt - 520-22gpm. White tips on primaries 9+10. Bill sorta battered - 2nd primary 108 mm, shaft 23 mm. Same pattern on feathers in front of primary. Tag on left side separating around the lower edges. R/captured 45-624034-tags R/S lost- retagged R/S - wt. 425-21 . TWT 50 mm mid-toe 68 mm, bill from shield 39 mm. eye yellow greenish flocked red. ♀ - eye green-yellow flocked with much red - a greenish area on both upper + lower mandible at point of pied effect on adult, bill smooth mottled ivory. Shield deep blood-red brownish. ♀/♂-frontal shield like and eye like ♀ - head mostly dark grey, few light gray feathers scatted on head+ neck. ♀/♂ much like above bird ♂/♀½ with green pied on bill etc. The bird formerly tagged R/S and now tagged R/S, had a small torn area on the back of the neck where the other tag was torn out. Apparently it was not well enough tagged - didn't have more than ¼ inch of torn skin - seems to be still one more untagged young, and still one S pair adult.

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Fulica americana -70- July 16 Jewell Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. At 9:30a.m. Y, R|G, R|S, R, G/B, F, are all feeding K-L 25-27. Haven't seen either of the S adults for several days nor a few other tagged birds - I expect they have left the lake for less disturbed areas. July 19 - same locality - At 10:10a.m. when I arrived at the lake about six birds were resting at E-4, 19 - they were R/S, R|S, R|S, G/P, S|S and R|S. After my arrival they moved - some by flying - to E-G 11-12. In that area also were Y+G. Some moved into the cat-tails on the E side of the lake, but most of them went into the cover at H/12 - where they are now feeding. Right now 10:20, G/B, R|S, B/P are working along the edge of cover, feeding on pond weed - they moved up about as far as H/15 - when they turned south and started moving fast - just then B came splattering across and they all splattered to F+G 11. - B stopped at G/3 and churned once - also

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Fulica americana -71- July 19-Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co, Calif. turned back a few feet to quiet to a young turning then and proceeding on to M25. /young followed B across and now 2 young are moving W from M27- going into the cat-Tails in that corner. It seems evident that the S pair have left the lake, perhaps along with an immature or two - I wonder if they might be shuttling back and forth because I had not seen G for several days and now Y + R seem to be missing. B/S + G/S have not been seen for several days- nor has the unmarked S adult. - The tender root material of the Potamogeton seems to be a favorite food- I have noticed that birds seem to be especially fond of the piles of weed that I have piled up while wading or root sections pulled up by the boat paddles. - /young seemed to be alone at I 12, working its way N- two imm. were feeding unmolested just out from the cat-tails where the young was - now 12" S is at N26 and Y/B is feeding unmolested at H27. - Y is feeding at H/14.12 and G/S is feeding at H/5.2- now 12:01 p.m. both have turned SE and are working across the lake - B w/2 young is working S at < 25 - one young close into the cat-tails with the parent th other about 10 feet out and a little behind- now (12:03) # B and both yung are out on open water at K24-, more or less

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July 19 - Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Cal. working back and forth in no particular pattern. Both young are feeding themselves. The one is tailing the B. Now (2:10 pm) S has one yng at M26, 5. The yng is resting on a floating log while the parent occasionally feeds it - the yng is preening, stretched up once and flapped its imaginary wings. Now both S + flying are side by side, both busily preening. This young seems to have lost the white plumes from the body and most of the wise plumes from the head - it has some suggestion of white plumes on the head, but very slight. The bill is still bright red. After about 4 min preening S is back in the water feeding - didn't rest at all but preened continuously for the 4 min! It was out of the water. The young just hopped into the water to follow S who is at L24 - B has 2 yng at M20 - both of these seem to be younger than the yng w/S. They have colored plumes on the head yet, and some white plumes on the body. The bird plumes do appear much faded however. Now (2:23 pm) S has 1 yng at M20, 21, B has 1 yng at I 19.6 and 1 yng alone is moving N at L24.19. (2:25) B has just emerged from cat-tails at H18.10 w/ a dyng and is moving S close to cover occasionally turning back to feed the yng. This young has no white body plumes but has pale colored plumes on the head.

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July 19 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. P/B is now feeding (12:29) at T24. S at M20 + B disappeared at H15. Now(12:30) a single young w/white body plumes is moving E at J29- on the edge of the cat- tails. 12:32- B w/1 yng is moving W at J19- at the W end of the boat she turned, "poonked"several times and started charging P/B (at I22) - P/B started splattering and B followed splattering, B finally, alighting at D15- The yng w/B joined S, or at least close by, it is now at L20. 25 "whewing". S w/! dark bodied young is at L20. 7, feeding. (12:36) B is beside the boat and the yng that was with her is crossing to her, "whewing"at 2 second intervals, and has now joined her. Now (12:39) all is quite - S is just climbing on a floating object at M20. 23- went on and off th the other side leaving its yng there, B (12:40) is moving N with a pale head plumed yng at L23-staying close into shore. S at 12:41 id up on the boat at M20 again stood still for about 15 sec, crossed and into the water- to feed at M20. 22- the yng is still lying down. B is at L25.21 the yng being right beside her. Yng at M20 is now standing and preening while S feeds nearby. B w/1 yng has gone to cover at N26.26. 12:46 the yng at M20 is in the water

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July 19 - Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. Again, quickly disappearing into cover along the island. 12:47 - 2 young, alone, are feeding at C20- working towards H18 - one is 2/3 the size of the other they too neither have plumes on the body, nor wings, the larger has proper white plumes on head to the other still has some yellow-orange plumes on area just behind top of - both have the orange wax feathers around the bill. Both have the "sunburned pate". They are busily feeding, working around thru the pond weed much like adults, picking up food from the surface- they are now (12:53) together at D21- one has "charged" and captured an insect. I has now moved E from view, but I is still busily feeding at D21. 12:55 - S is again in view w/ 2 & wh bodied young at L20.16 - These 2 alone appeared to be a little younger than the birds S- now (12:58 - they have both vanished to the E - Both have bright reddish bills. 12:58 - B is still out of sight and S w/1 yng is at L21.8. At 1 p.m. I saw bodied young is "shwering" at L23.19 while S is feeding alone at L20.16. - There has been no crowing nor fighting since about July 8. The apparent

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Jul-19 Fulica americana -75- July 19 Jewel Lake Tilden Park Contra Costa Calif. absence of the S adults is no doubt the reason why. - Now (1:05 pm) the deh bodied yng has rejoined S at L21 and they are moving rapidly N about 10 feet out - in fact may be cutting over towards L26- now they have turned in to the tree on the island where S fed the yng - now they are moving on N. From the way that yng with S seems to have quite a bit of white pluming on its head. Considering the infrequency with which it is fed-this young seems to be merely accompanying S mostly feeding itself- tho at 1:09 it did come over to S at M26.13, may and get fed twice. Now the yng is on the floating log at (1:11) M26.4 and is stretching for food- then preening and 30 seconds later back in the water behind its parent. (B has still not been seen) # 1:15, S is out of sight and so is the young. 1:18- a large min - on which I could not see the tag- was on the water at F/10- it seemed alerted when I stepped out of the car- and after about 30 seconds flew- dragging one foot, to D12 where it was lost to sight- could it be that one of the missing tags is on an injured bird that is extremely wary? - 1:24, had a "pubk" and S w/1 yng was feeding at M25.20-a moment later B came out in the same area-a minute later they all have disappeared again.

R/S S/R R/S R/S

Fulica Americana July 19 Jewel Lake Tulder Park Contra Costa Calh. 1:28 - S in feeding now at M25. 2 w/1 yng. 2 unattended yng at 2:07, crossing by the boat to L27 - at 2:18 these two birds crossed from M25 to M27 - at 2:25 S w/1yng crossed the same area to the raft and is busy preening - now 2:27 yng are at M27, K28. H29. B is at K28. 7 w/1 yng, (5 quit preening, at 2:29 and took to the water) preening etc - standing on a mass of floating cat-tail. At 2:33 B is gone from that perch and now out of sight. 2:38 S is moving S at K23 w/1 yng - occasionally turning to feed the yng - For awhile about 2 pm. D/B, R/B; Y & G/B were feeding near H17+18 unmolested - about the same time the 2 unaccompanied yng passed thru the area, but unmolested they drifted back S. 2:40 - S w/1yng at L21.20, B is still out of sight. 2:58 - S is at K19.20 w/1yng - B is crossing from E24 towards the island followed by 3 yng. They are not following close tho - but rather are wandering all over the general vicinity of & her path feeding themselves - she is feeding some - occasionally turning to give food to one young that is now closely tailing h-- at 3:00 p.m. 2 yng are at G24 wandering about feeding while B w/1yng is at K24 approaching the island!

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Fulica americana -77- July 19 Jewel Lake Tulley Park, Central Lake Cali. now turning S towards the boat. S is in the cat-tails at M20.12 and the yng with him spent the last couple of minutes on the fp board floating in M20. 3:04 - S and yng have vanished - no - yng is both on the board preening - B and yng is out of sight but 2 yng are feeding on open water - both at G-23- S is beside the boat - now has moved into the cat-tails. S is alone on the water - at G/12- moving south rapidly (3:08) B is at M20.23 and 2 yng are - or were lying on the board there - now they are both in the water - S "putked" as d I got out of the car. S had moved around E9- and has charged imm. feeding there. They are all in area G6 now - don't know where S is - the yng from G23 moved quickly to cover at M25 when I got out of the car but theyng with B did not respond. S (3:15) is feeding at F9.9, 8 min are feeding in two groups. 1 at F6 the other at H6 - at F6 are P/S, R/S, G, G/B- didn't get tags of other group - now 3:20- they have broken up and are returning to feed at FaG9. S is again out of sight. At 3:27- P/B feeding along cover at H12 took immediate notice when S at F10.9 started "putking" - P/B then slowly but jerky and alert moved on N, still intermittently feeding - while S continued to "putk" - 3:30- P/B is at G/6- no sign of - oh- here comes S at H13-P/B

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Fulica americana -78- July 19 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. is cutting across the lake towards SE and S is coming out to cut it off, still no change - just S moving rapidly. now both are out of sight moving in at D 13. B w/3 yng more or less in attendance, is at M26 - 2 yng are moving across, now at M26, 21-(3:36) a 4th yng is moving out, following B who is moving across to L 27 w/1 yng - now B is moving out towards K26 - 1 yng is moving E at K28 - now 4yng +B are scattered from K28 to L27. - 5 is still out of sight - B now has (3:40) 3 yng at J28 but one went back to K26- now returning to join the brood. -(3:48) B has returned to M26 w/2 yng - 1yng is at L27, the oth at K28 - both moving in the direction of the parent - seems to be only 4 yong in this brood now. 3:51- B with 4 yng within ten feet of her - is moving out from L26 towards K25 - and is now heading towards L24- with 1yng tailing and 3 more feeding 2 to 12 feet behind her. - 1 yng seems to be regularly present (begging?) to receive food while the other three are feeding by themselves, more or less lagging along - 2 seem to always be together - they the most indigent, while a 3rd stays more or less in her area, but feeds alone, occasionally getting food from her - #4 tags close to her, being fed regularly. 3:55- S just "puked" and then moved

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July 19 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 5 to do some house cleaning (born H12) 3:57 - B is now at F2/1 - still with 1 yng trailing her another about 4 feet behind, and the other 2 clear over at H2/3. - B is not moving straight, but rather zig-zagging around picking up food. S is (4:01) again at H12 - feeding there. 4:02 - B is now at D20 - with 4 yng momentarily closely grouped. (Boy would I like to have my body ready to go now to catch those young) 4:04 - S "punked" again and is moving along cover at G/16 - B is out of sight towards B2/1 - but 2 yng are out at C20; (4:05), now they too are in. S is working unaccompanied along H17 - 4:10 - S is still working along cat-tails at G/6. 4:18 - Y, G/B + P/B are feeding together at G7, G is at F5 with R/B, S/P is resting with a turtle at E. 4:19 - G/S is moving over to join S/P. 4:45 - a few minutes ago G/P swiped - coming up it brought some pond weed filaments hooked onto the wire end of the tag which gave it trouble for about 30 seconds - better see if I can't design a deal eliminating that wire end. - At 4:35 B moved over to L26 with her brood and then down to L20 at 4:43 - S turned up at H20 - now 4:51 - S is busily feeding 1 yng at L20.25 - while 1 more is swimming across to join the B w/1 yng at L20.3 - 4:55 - B is cutting across at J21 w/3 yng while S stays at L20 w/1 yng - B at J23 stopped to feed one yng and is now

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Eulisa mexicana -80- July 19 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa, Calif. pressing on - with one upg tailing her, another about 8 feet behind and a 3-0 about 20 feet back. B is (4:58) at I 24-on the edge of what's left of clear water. At 5:02 B is at K 25 and has been joined by a 4th young - S is out of sight, 5:05 S is at M 20 - B is at K 26-feeding 1 upg, another upg is at K 25 - B is moving towards P 26 taking 2 upg while another young has moved to K 27 where it is feeding alone. At 5:09, 3 upg are together at K 26- moving E, B has one upg M 26 moving towards the cat-tails and S is feeding alone at L 20.15. -Time to go home for now. July 20 Lake Temescal, Alameda Co., Calif. - 5 immatures seen on this lake, all about 2 weeks younger than the Jewel lake. S wood - these are still all in the light gray plumage - perhaps the older of these is a week younger than the youngest S wood - A couple of the birds examined at very close range- one had the dark top of head, the rest of neck & foreparts the very light gray of a young bird - the primaries on this bird were just beginning to develop, may have been 30 mm long and monthly sheathed. There are at least 7 young on the lake - 3 having been seen in the cat- tail growth at the S end while

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Fulica americana -81- Lake Temescal, Alameda Co. Calif. at least 5 were feeding on the open water. One of the at least 5 adults chased one of the large immatures- the bird diving to escape and swimming a long distance under-water - a ♀ was “pooking” at the S end in the cover and a young could be wherping. Seems to be 2 broods on this lake- I have seen at least 3 im. belonging to one brood- and the two parents. When the two parents came out of a cove they were met by two screeching begging young, behaving much like young gulls. The parents ignored the young and went right by them whereupon the young went into the cove where the parents had been feeding and fed themselves- they were soon driven out by a dog- and fed upon insects meeting upon masses of floating algae - at one instance the ♀ escorted 1 ymg across some open water- the ♂ did! seems also to be agitated - is constantly “putking” and making that partial growling note. All three of these young are nearly the same age- dd with black foreheads, and some with a narrow dark stripe down the back of the neck. One of the adult costs out on the open lake attacked one of the mallards and drove it off. The mallards

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Fulica americana -82- July 80 Lake Towsend Alameda Co. Calif. seemed to keep their distance from the one adult coot - and when another coot came out from to S end they all moved - one duck that did not move was charged, then splattered at - the duck flew a few feet - the coot churning when it settled back onto the water - territory seems to be in effect here - one adult after chasing the mallards moved on towards another adult - this bird retreating to its brood near the E side of the lake - after the N bird beat its retreat the other bird turned S. The N bird was greeted by cries of begging as it came in near the place where its 5 young were busily feeding in a mass of Potamogeton. Although the young made the begging screeches, they did not rush over to meet the approaching parent - There are 3 broods on the lake - the 3rd one consisting of birds that are about 3 weeks old - they still have natal down but have lost all plume feathers. their bills are no longer bright red but rather a dull brownish or orange color. 2 of these young were seen, belonging to the B+Q which was responsible for chasing the mallards and the other coot out of the area just

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Fulica americana -83- July20 Lake Temescal, Alameda Co, Calif. W of the rocks. As the coots fed in the pond well the mallards respectfully folded over to one side of the lake to feed and rest, out of the coots' ways. Both of the older broods seem to be very nearly the same age - the probably the youngest bird of the 5 in the N Wood is about the same age as the oldest of the S brood - the youngest bird in this N brood had the head plumage similar to that described on p. 39. Two seem to be without evident under tail coverts while 3 have under tail coverts present - The oldest bird in this brood has the back of the neck nearly solid dark gray but with frontal areas still light gray. July21 - Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co, Calif - A 86.m The 9 imm on the lake were resting at D5 + E4 - as I came up the road they moved out over to G8 - 1sp has been close behind S for awhile - but once & left S to follow 2 other young across from L24 to 1527 - soon the yng stated "whewting" and soon afterward, S started moving from N20 over to K25 where the young had come back to meet him - The young got into the begging pose as the adult came up to it - this begging pose is one in which the yng flattens its neck and body out on the water and comes up to

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Fulica americana -84- July 21 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. The parent with its head and bill turned up (this same behavior was noted yesterday among the N brood birds on Lake Temescal). At 9:30 a.m. 6 of the imm. are working from G10 towards H12 - with G/B/Y at the later position. following in order are R/C, G, P/B. - with G/S at G/10, P/S and SIR at F/10. - all birds are busily feeding now -- NOTE: - When I was handling the birds the other day I noted that their fecal pellets were composed mostly of green vegetable matter, but also had a decided gritty feel to them as if considerable sand was present. - now 9:37 - most have quit actively feeding and are resting or preening. 3 or 4 are still dabbling around picking up bits here and there but none seem to be really busily eating. - I have noticed now that 4 different birds have scratched their necks where the pin is thrust, and I have also noted that each of them in scratching did so gently - not as if trying to rid themselves of the tags - but rather as if scratching a slight itch - as I would expect to occur as the skin heals around the pin. - now 9:40 - most of the birds are busily feeding again - but P/S is still resting & preening - still since about 9:36. - The head shaking while feeding that is so evident in these birds is not a result of tagging. I noticed this

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Fulica americana -85- July 21 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co, Calif. same- or perhaps more violent- head shaking among untagged birds on Lake Temescal. 9:46- R/S is still standing on a floating cat-tail- just now has gone back in the water to join S/R feeding at G10.18. As S/R is feeding R/S is just seating on the water nearby, watching.- The base of the bills on G/B, P/B, and on R/S is becoming very light- not ivory yet- but a very light grey, with the distal parts of the bill still darker- Y, G, R/B, G/S & S/R all still have bills that are a mottled color, but of about the same shade from end to end. P/B still has a few flecks of light gray on the head, Y has an unflecked head, G has a head with nearly as much light gray as dark, and R/P/B is only slightly dashed, this a smoother looking bird. R/S & G/B both have dash gray unflecked heads, G/S has as much light as dash on its head- while S/R has a head appearing dash but profusely flecked with lighter feathers. 10:00- S just moved down to H/4 chasing all the immis to G9- then S splattered to F9 chasing 3 immi to G6- after the chase at F9 S "putrked" 3 or 4 times - now 3 boys are working towards him at G12- all 3 apparently "whewring"- now 10:04- S has moved back to G10- "putrking" and gouting the several immatures hiding there.-- now 10:05- 6 immi are at G7, feeding but remaining alert while S is moving Nat H// w/1yng

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Fulica Americana -86- July 21 Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. Leaving 2 young behind at H10- at 10:08 there 2 yng are at F10 working towards D11- while S is over- along H someplace -10:09 8 imm D/B, R/S, Y, G/B, G, S/R, R/B, G/F are feeding at H+G6. At 10:10 S is at H11 and the 2 lone yng went into the cat-tails at C11, -10:11- S is moving S again- is now at G10 and is going into the cat-tails- 10:12 the imm have started moving S and now 10:13 S splattered to G8 driving birds before him, then went into the cat-tails at H8 driving 2 birds out of there, and upon emerging "feathered" 3 times, flapped his wings, and is now feeding at H7.6 w/1 yng (10:15)- all the immatures are on the clear waters or in the cat-tails at G+H4. At 10:16 S has moved N out of sight- S immatures are at H4, preening, bathing and diving -they are G/B, R/B, Y/S, S/R, and G/S- they started to move N but S reappeared at G8.18 and they turned back to G+H4- watching the several birds diving at the Send-I have not seen any get tangled in the pond weed yet- I have seen several dives- including G/F who was tangled the other day -and the tags have not coming up with material hanging on it. At 10:27 at Turkey Vultures made a couple of passes over the lake and G became very alert, with his head up straight and also his tail elevated so that

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Fulica americana -87 Jewel Lake Contra Costa Co. Calif. - The under tail coverts, tho not spread, became very conspicuous but only from a low angle - a moment later R/S at E9 was in the same pose- but probably because S was somewhere's near,- so he wasn't S is at G8- so R/S must have been excited about the vulture or something else - at least it splattered over to FS to join the rest of the crowd. Now 10:33 the vulture is gone and they have settled down to uneasy peace resulting from the presence of S at G8. SIR was hooked wi the pond weed by the tags for a moment, but quickly freed itself. 10:40-S coming out of the cat-tails at G10.1 "puked" 4 times at a Black Phoebe that was sitting on some floating cat-tail at G10.13. After the phoebe flew S became quite but went over my where he said had been- as S moved up to H11, the imm moved up to G8 and F9 where several of them are now feeding. At 10:55 I chased 13 w/1 lying out of the cat-tails at F30, they moved over. 13 last being seen at H26- as she growled and "pooked" the young scotched to shelter - and when it came too far out again see "pooked" again. Growling seems to function only when danger is pressing, and then the young scramble quickly or dive to safety- "pooking" as an

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Fulica americana -88- July 21 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co, Calif. alarm or warning note elicits a less hasty response, but still the yng gets rapidly to shelter - for the last few minutes G/B + P/B have been feeding side by side at E/10.5+6. Now 11:08 they are both in E/10 but not side by side. G + GS are feeding close together at H 4, 5+6. R/S + Y are feeding together at I 4.21 - I can hear (11:11) a loud "whew" from near H 11 so I suspect S is nearby and soon these leisurely feeding imm are about in for a chase. At 11:13 S is in fact at H 6, busily feeding - and a yng is coming out from H 8 to meet him at G 7. All the imm have vanished into the cat-tails except GS who is busy and alertly diving and feeding at G 4. 11:17 - S has gone into cover at G 8 so R/S has come out at G 4 and S/R is crossing from F 9 to G 6 - where S/R is now feeding. GS moved boldly out to feed with S/R and P/B is more cautiously moving out - now they are all alert and moving over to F5 where G is feeding. 11:20 - P/B feeding at E/10.6 was attacked by S from G/10 - P/B moved to F 7 quickly and is now occasionally feeding as it moves towards G 4 - S "purred" twice after routing P/B and returned to feed at F/10 - now 11:22 - S is moving over to G/10 and towards the deal tree at H 11. 7 imm are --

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July 21 Fulica americana -89- Jeruel Lake, Contra Costa Co. Calif. feeding at G+H 4+5 - they are G/S, D/B, S/R, P/B, Y, R/S, +G - in that order as they venture N. The immatures seem to find the area that was more or less cleared thru the Botomogaton for the wiring of the S trap to be an especially favorable place to feed. Right now six of them (11:34) are too bunched up in it - feeding and preening. G/S left the bunch to feed at H 5+6, but Y, P/B, R/B, G and S/R are bunched together at G 7, feeding and preening - 11:35 - 3 of the 5 are resting, preening etc - but not feeding. 11:36 - now 4 are still - only S/R still feeding, 11:36 - R/B is feeding again - 11:38 Y+G are becoming active feeding again - 11:39 only S/R is feeding the rest are on the alert - redwings are noisily milling around - 11:40 - all are on the alert - with heads up. 11:41 - all but P/B were feeding when a plane came over low and they all became alert and fidgety - 11:42 now rejoined by G/S they are all moving into the cat-tails at F9. 11:45 G/B just moved into F10, from? D11? - the 6 birds from G7 are now all peacefully feeding at F9. - 11:48 - two young fellows came up to the car and all the birds vanished. Just as G/S was beginning to feed again at 11:55 the two fellows came back and all the birds vanished again - now 11:56 G/B, R/B + G/S are visible at F+G 10. 12:00 led by G/B, D/B + R/B are moving into H 11 - under the cover of the

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Eulica americana -90- Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co. Calif. willow there. 12:01- all the imm are out of sight- 12:03- G/S is moving north along H 12 alone. 12:05 G/B + P/B are feeding side by side at H12.6 while G/S circles, then several feet out in the water. 12:09 - S is at L 23 - P/B is at G/10 moc- G/S who just got itself badly hooked with its head under water- the tags hooked onto something or other - but the bird got free. 12:11- G/S, P/B, G/B and R/B are all feeding close together at G/10.16,17,24-25.-12:16- X is feeding at F9, G/S at E9, P/B at E10 and G/B is preening on the floating cat-tail at G/10. 12:18 G/B just splattered across into the cat-tails at C 11 - P/B is on the alert- and I can hear a "whew" in the cat- tails at H 10s-11. 12:20 G/B again ran down and captured a dragonfly at D/10 At 12:55 S came down from the N area chasing the birds S to at East F7. - he quickly went to work clearing out all the birds in G-8 - pushing them to G-H 5. At 1:05 a young is "whewing" at H8 and S is moving S from G/10 towards that position. - emerging at G 8 with the young in tow. - Leopold & Pitelka were with me from 12:20 to 1:45 pm.- so not many records. - at 1:50 S w/1 young is at G/10- now he is cleaning the imm out of area F9- 4 imm G/B, P/B R/S & S/R were feeding at F9.11 until S drove them out at 1:52 - at 1:53 they came at F7 and he chased them again.

Fulica americana -91 Jewell Lake, Contra Costa Co., Calif- causing them to move to G & H 4 - now S is at G 6 w/1 yng - about 1:15 S was at I 5.1 w/1yng, feeding a diving in the clear water there. At 2:03 no costs are visible, the 2 can hear what sounds like considerable activity in some areas,- 2:05- G&S is at H 4, S/R is at G 4 and several more are at F 4& 5. At 2:10 something seems to have the redwings agitated and the 2costs that are visible seem to be alerted by the confusion among the redwings. Now at 2:15 a young is "whewring" at H 8 or 9, no parent visible- 2:16 the S & 1 yng are at G 10 and the yng is giving a low quiet "peep-peep-peep", S is "pukking" and moving N, feeding as he goes- GF made 2 dives at H 4, one of 6 sec- one of 4 sec. - S has moved to E 9, he "pukked" once and all the imm got alert, and some have started moving into the cat-tails at F 4- all of them are close to the cat-tail. There so they can duck in quickly. Now S is moving S at F 7 followed by a whewring yng. he is moving fast (2:24) at F 6- the imm are dashing into the inlet at H 4 and now 2:25 all are out of sight except S at G 6 - 2:26 the redwing went up with a roar and S has moved quickly and alertly w/o feeding to cover at G 8- the yng tailing closely- the S was alert in the move- 2 imm at H 4 seen

Fulica americana -92- 4/21 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co, Calif- Disturbed also, F3 diving at G5 for 1 sec 2:29. Now 6 young are feeding on open water at Send- FG H 4/5.- 2:31-a 7th mm has appeared- S is at G8.7 8 [illegible] mm at now visible in the Sava 2:33- something has caused G/B and Y to splatter N a few feet- R/B at H6.8 made 2 dives of 5 sec each- G/B is busily bathing at G 5.13 (2:35)- 6 [illegible] mm feeding in a loose flock are working N to F&G 6.-they are GF, R/B G, Y, S/R+P/B- in that order-S is still at G8 w/1 yng. G3 diving for 9 sec at H5.8 2:41-and 10 sec, Y for 5 sec- S/R 5sec, S/R is now tripping to feed in the same area- Y is bathing at H4.19 and another bird was preening at H4.12. 2:47- most of the mm have drifted into the cat-tails to rest and preen only R/B at I and G/B + P/B together at F5,5 are visible. S is out of sight 2:49. Something at the Send is disturbing redwings and the coots are all moving rapidly across to I6 where they are going into cover (2:55)- S is moving N at H11, but now (2:56) has turned back momentarily to feed the yng is of course- with him--. 2:59 - 5 [illegible] mm- P/B, S/R, G/B, R/B and Y& were feeding at G8.19+22.Now G is coming out to join the crowd from H8:- 3:05 S is out of sight but 2 yng are visible at G20 - 3:06 the mm at G 8 are mostly preening now

- 20:5 - 2 to 8, H, 3:05 is out of sight but 2 is coming out to join two minutes later. 9/6 and Y's were finished at 8:19-22. Now 9/6 was in of course - visit him. He has turned back immediately to help. 2 in workshop W at H1, but W(see [illegible] they are going this cover (8:55) - when I to carry all persons meeting together and the costs are all Bovesting on the 2 end is distracting as obvious. She put a light-3:40. 2,37 to cater for 9/6 and 1 to 9/6 into the cat - then to next and plan plus - need him to get at least - to sit this H+ H and one have mini H of team - 5:45. H+ 19 and other had attend her 9/6 + H to printing area his attend her 9/6 + H the same and sit in. the printed on Y - and email sit in to finish at pingjet work on 9/6 for 9/6's H2.8 3:15 - only 10 sec - H+ 5 8,2H - yes of Y, see only 8:2 to G8 on at G8 on 1/4 and 9/6 in this order - 2 within there is request - 2 to 7 at (a medium no ball call a in mince mix up 8 or E.13 (5.5) to partner please model 2 blue of 2 sec Ock 2 above in 8/6 - 2 no see 9/6 club 2 above to apply to X and 9/6 becomes and matter was - 58.5 is now available in the 2 area in 2 att is efficient room as mins 8 7.82 to 2 in 2 - two dogs and mins 5 - 3:15 - 3+ H+ - 2 sec to show 2 to 9/6 - New E forms are feeling more 2 well 5 set up of 2 to print 9/6 also defaulted. [illegible]

Eulica Americana July 21 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co. Calif. but P/B is feeding - think all check P/B minute by minute from now 3:08 until 4 p.m. - at 3:08 P/B is preening at G-8- at 3:09 feeding - 3:10 alert restiulless, 3:10.30 feeding - but only 1 or 2 bites - still alert - small birds are chirping in the chaparral and a jay is excited - 3:12 beside G/B and feeding the birds are still chirping -feeding with S/R & Y now 3:13 - is eating pondweed filaments - 3:14 still feeding - but now seems to be hunting for something especially - picking up tid- bites and keeping one eye on low flying plane 3:15 - still picking up tid-bits and looking around at 3:16 - feeding between R/S and Y at 3:17 at about G-8.1 - 3:21 still feeding between G/S and Y- but keeping one eye on low flying planes, 3:24 G/B tried to catch two low flying copulating dragon-flies but didn't. P/B still feeding at 3:24.30 - 3:27 still feeding with R/P/B and G/B close at hand. the other birds have been preening and rest P/B has not yet - 3:30 still feeding - now now C at F-8.6. - the left tag on G/B looks as tho it has gone bad- looks white or opaque & colorless. 3:32 P/B momentarily became alerted but then went back to feeding. 3:34 he stopped to preen - at 3:34:30 S chased P/B and others to G-5 where they continued preening to 3:36 when S chased them to E-4- S charged in there, P/B coming out to E-8,

-P- 9/18 minutes ph statium &/9 to priming ai 20:3 to - , mg + lactase meltum side 2:5-pinkbeef 20:3 Ta-4- Vitg-actih 2 to 1 yolo Turk - pinkbeef 20:4:3 att-in prajile se obich lama-tula disel 2:3-billale ai wj o has lorragede prajile Vita es abich at pinkbeef bns &/9 ai-21:3 am Y 89//2 ittin pinkeef- Vita+1:3 - stimaled burning pstrae of prnted ul d anea wsn Turk - pinkbeef -btan pinkief - ullieagee patterns smull hwl nqre'se prajile has obik did-but qumbilg Vita-21:3 bnsly pinkbeef-21:3 to &neo pinked bns Turks to 71:3 to Y bns &/9 incited Y h&9-munted pinhal Vita 15:3-1.8 @ prajil hwnl no ssn are prajile Turk alant stts at best 2/2 +2:3 , cernly hibited self-repair pstrae, oirpt, Vita 58:3 - 65+48+30 to pinkbeef Vita @ bak toals &/9 has 159//1 Turk anibal on hws priming wed wnl obich-2to aft- wn-pinked Vita 20:3 still reptin and aF us get hllct. - .8 F&.6. @ bns as tks it has prwn lox cik bns is ophic-scoberse while snch w/t &/9-35:3 20 pinked to heal t amr wt tk Turk 2 (65+48+30 to-nest k regots & 45:3 Vida pB and others &/9 canals then castuled prmining bns &/9-5

Fulica americana -94- July 21 Jewel Lake Contra Costa Co. Calif. preening a moment and then moving rapidly over to H 4 to preen, feed and beguiling at 3:38- 3:39 S is at F 5 moving to G 6 and P/B has vanished up the inlet with the rest of the immatures. 3:41-S is moving N to join its lynx which is at G 8 S is moving to E 8 and now rapidly to D 6. attached and viciously twice picked a turtle at D 6 then "pubked" twice and moved back to G-7, now moving towards G-8.19 where he is feeding. 3:45 - P/B + R/B came out of cover at H 4.19 and are moving across to G-4, feeding as they go. 3:47 P/B is out of sight at F 4 - 3:50 still no P/B - a lynx is still "inkewing" at G 9 or H 8 - S is out of sight. - 3:52 something chased P/B out from G 4/13 to G 5- where it started eating filaments- 3:53- preening and feeding, mostly feeding at F 5; 3:54- now moving in towards cover at F 4 - now 3:55 alerted with tail a little elevated at F 5.4. 3:56 now out of sight at E 4. S is feeding at F 9. 4, facing the imm- now he is "pubking" but turning back into the cat-tails - "pubked twice - at 4 p.m. P/B still out of sight at E 4 - but Y, R/B and G/F were feeding at F 4. - & noticed today that the lynx of the N brood seen today were beginning to lose the gaudy mill color- and seemed to have a dull yellowish

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Fulica americana - 95 2/21 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co. Calif. Tinge to the distal D3. 4/22 same locality - At 9:32 a.m. when I arrived at the lake no immatures were visible, B m-3 yng was at H20 and S was alone at G4 - after I arrived he skirted the cat-tails moving to H4 to I5+6 on down to G8 - "pukking" several times as he moved along. Finally about 9:39-5 min came out at G4 and started briefly feeding. 9:40 S is feeding at G10 - 2/5, 3/R, G, G/3, P/3, Y, 2/S are all feeding at G5- G+ P's being the last to join the crowd. 9:45 - S flew from H19 to K26 to join two yng feeding there - the yng greeted him with a "peeping" note. P/3 has joined the min feeding at G5. It looks as if the B tags are losing most of their color -- better make up another set - may catch her again when I trap the new N blood in a couple of weeks. - 11:20 P/3 is at F30-feeding - a N yng is at I26 - I tried to catch this bird but it dried as soon as it saw the boat pull out and it made good its escape - I'm afraid it's going to be hard to catch these young birds. 11:45 - B is at L21 with 3 yng - 11:53 all birds are out of sight in this north area. 12:20 P/3 is feeding at L25, 5+6, -12:27 P/3 has moved to L22 and went into the cat-tails there. 12:35- S w// yng is feeding at E4.14.

- 75.55 19.66 55.89

Fulica americana -96- ly22 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co Calif. Caught R 2 of the N brood about 5pm in one of the hooks of the hook wing trap - photographed his its head in detail in BW & color - wt 55.89 gms. TMT 21mm , mid toe 34, hallas., 11 mm bill & shield 20.5mm, pollex claw 2 mm.- - about a dozen faded plumes on the back, wings still with many faded plumes and still a few colored ones on the alula only. colored plumes on head are restricted to area just post and below bald pate - pate still quite bald and red but 2 rows of down feathers are appearing, skin over eyes still blue , mort wax feathers gone only about 2 dozen on each side of base of upper mandible - none behind eye but a few in front of eye -wise feathers below eye forward to under-side of lower mandibule are still unfaded & bright orange -under- surface of body a dense brownish down no evidence of any skated feather on this bird yet - feet and legs a dark gray-green - bill with black tip, white egg tooth still present , followed by red orange - a dash band clear around bill at post edge of hard bill thus partly out to nose - Vow of bill & shield still deep bluish red - the shield becoming distinct and is 6 mm long - it is a very dark grey brown - color is first visibly apparent in it . - rest of many head plumes or wise feathers are faded except the band mentioned above.

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Fulica americana -97- by 25 Jewel Lake Contra Costa Co, Calif. At 8:35 A.M. when I arrived, Y, R+B, R/s, G, G+S were all feeding and preening at G-8. B w/3 yng was at J or K 25-26. At 8:53 S came out of cat-tails at H 17 and moved rapidly S-a whewring young following -quickly S moved down -routing the immatures - he got one bird under water - it looked like Y, and apparently held onto the bird with his claws not letting it rise to the surface and occasionally making a vicious jab at it. After about a minute S seemed satisfied and departed - this was at H6.11 - Y has not been seen since. guess I'd better look for a dead bird over there, - I examined the spot but could [illegible] no sign of a dead bird - only a few feathers on the surface. -pulled the pondweed away and felt around the bottom with my feet - -if Y turns up missing in the days to come del to now why. by 26 Stony Lake Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Calif. a pair w/1 yng about 2 weeks old seen on the small island E of the central island of Stony Lake. 1? of the pair seems to have something wrong with one wing, perhaps the feathers have been plucked - at least it hangs in an abnormal fashion. -He dived for something, brought up what looked like a tad-pole or other small meaty object.

- the central island of Skew Lake. 1/2 of the prize comes to me from them notorious, and having another father here has given us all it hangs in air observed fished out times very good day eag - at a [illegible] for you - tell your names. eats th O prix sur 1 ans about 8 years above the island of Ireland E of the prize to him But So famous fish the care will know all quail and in addition qu ant X if delivered by bottom at lower tide leaf for Stien mottled at selling and two persons becoming etc welling only a few feathers on the surface coquina etc we out of use a plus carries an idea on [illegible] there - bird back to go main to - that too bird ball - of good order but every girl ball - as you know X - 11.2H - mira mea need tam and Y the age of the girl at ca and brought one leaf from X to have into - bring up one leaf from it is to [illegible] a minimum 2 hours occasionally and a possible pleromoco - did we just put it as a plus done confusa etc that easy to put the tem an well aid with bird etc other bird the message and X child school to - store which laid are too el - recently etc junction - maybe born 2 piddings enrolled purify purifying a - 2 pligons and moved [illegible] to all out of catstoles at H17 and 8 m/3 up in was at T or K 25.26, (H 8:50 9 m/3 to joiners two picked the one 97 G/ F use all taken and given at E-8. X 2/3 - bears a - etal m. 8:50 a.m.

Eulica Americana -98- 26 Stow Lake, Golden Gate Park, SF, Calif. offered it to the yng, who refused it, then offered it to the ♀ who took it manled it and reoffered it to the yng, but again was refused. While the two parents are up on Dry Gard screening - The yng is bounding easily around over the rocks, in the vicinity of the parents. Now one of the parents is coming across (the ♀) to get a piece of bread from among a lot being thrown to the mallards. After getting a piece of bread she crossed back to the ♂, gave the bread or at least part of it to him, and the two of them proceeded to break it up and to feed it to the yng. What the yng did not eat they did, while passing to & fro I noticed that the ♀ got out of the way of a mute Swan. This pair was shown no evidence of territory behaviour - permitting canvasbacks and mallards to swim within 4 or 5 feet of them and their young. Yet a moment later a mallard coming in close to where one had previously been resting was charged and splattered after by the ♂ - now he is coming across the lake to my side - The mallards and even the blackbirds get out of his way. He attacked one mallard and charged one Brewer-blackbird sitting nearly on the banks.

Fulica americana -99- by 26 Straw Lake, Golden Gate Park S.F. Calif.- The ♀ in this pair is decidedly pale-gray in addition to being smaller than the ♂- 2 canvas backs resting on a rock near where the yng is resting- watched every move of the approaching ♂- and coaxed their necks when he dived- pulling them down quickly when he emerged - a ♂ sully also seemed to be taking pains to keep these canvas backs between the ♀ foot and himself - The canvas paid no attention to the nearby sully. - The ♂ foot has passed with a foot of the canvas twice, without molesting them - but at the same time had chased about 12 smalls ♂ that were swimming away from more distant positions. The bird coming with food from some distance seems to invariably give or share it with the bird near the yng, and then the 2 of them together fed the yng. - The 2 canvas backs left their rock swimming day near the yng without being attacked by the cost. - Middle Chamis Lake, Golden Gate Pk. S.F. Calif.- at least two pairs with yng on this lake at 5 p.m.- the N pair have 3 yng that are less than a week old - still with colored body plumes -(the yng at Straw Lake had faded body plumes.)

26 Middle Chain Lake, Golden Gate Pk S.F. Calif - -the south pair were feeding 1 very young bird, and I heard but didn't see a second - bet that 3 pair are still hatching eggs - the one I saw maybe 24 hours old but certainly no older. - why does this lake, about 1/4 the size of jewel Lake, produce 2 broods of coots and 3 or more broods of mallards while Jewel Lake is occupied by only 2 pairs of coots - I'll bet it's to the area of marsh vegetation that is available. 27- Jewel Lake, Centin Costa Co. Calif. - At 8:55 a.m. SB was at E 7 - 1 yng at F 8, 1 yng at G 11 & 1 at H 11 - No sign of any immatures - 9:01 few yng are together with B at G 12 - 2 have white on their heads and white breasts while the other two are still dark headed and dark breasted - one of the birds has a newly pure white color on the front of the head while the other still has a little black mixed in. B in close company with the brood has moved north but S (9:07) is preening while seating out of the water at H 8. 1 immature has shown itself momentarily at H 4. 15 - didn't see the color but it is tagged. 9:10 - now G, G/S, R/B, Y, R/S, S/R, are all feeding in a compact flock at I 4 - a bulldozer working the trail along the west side scared them out of the cat-tail

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Fulica americana -181- 427 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 3 is presently out of sight. 9:15- 3 is at J20 feeding with 3 yng while B is at G20 feeding w/1 yng - 13 tags have lost their color on one side - the top side but are still blue under moth - G1S seems to have one bad tag, tho its colors are still discernable - all the rest of the tags seen today look as good as the day they were put on. 9:21 B is at H11 moving 3 w/2 yng - immatures are at F & G7- soon to move - At 9:24 every immature is out of sight- it taking B about 45 seconds to do the job - she works silently - but churns after successful completion of her mission. - one of the two dark headed young has the 2 first white spots laterally on the breast - the smallest has none - both the dark birds have a general suffusion of white plumes on their heads, giving them a woolly appearance - they both have tho orange chin plumes to which the white headed bird lacks - this white headed female business looks like a mat of white down coming out and covering the dark, the bald pate is covered and the whole head has a general hoary appearance - the youngest bird still has plumes on the wing but they seem to all be white now - all body plumes seem to be gone.

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Fulica americana -102- by 27 Jewel Lake Contra Costa Co. Calif. - 9:35 - G, P/S, SIR are out feeding again - while B w/ her brood is in the cat-tails somewheres near C/12 - 9:36 the imm flew out of the S and some going into the N pond - almost immediately they came flying back with B close on their tails - and by 9:38 all are back in cover, scattered around the S pond and B is apparently in the cat-tails trying to ferret them out. She is at E/11, crossing to D/12 and is giving an occasional "poonk". A young is loudly whewring. Made a drive to see if I might be lucky enough to horse trap a yng - but no luck. - The nest at C/12.6 is not a floating nest and is now clear out of the water - it is no longer in use - it had no gangway and has an inside diameter of 6 in. it is 3 feet from open water to the west. The nest at A/5.15 also is not a floating nest - it may still be in use - it has a gangway facing E into the cat-tails, it has an inside diameter of about 6 inches; it is in about 2 feet of water and about 15 feet from the open water to the west. - The nest at K/28.12 is dilapidated but looks as tho it may still be in use - it has a 6 in inside diameter, is 2 feet from open water to the S, is in about 2 feet of water -

{ "text": "- 32 -\n\n9:35 - E, 15 - S, 9:36 - C, 13 - P, 30 - E.\n\nAllot to the left of the cut-off. The two members were on the ground. Two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into a car. The two men came out of the two cars and got into [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

Fulica Americana -103- Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co, Calif. The nest at N26.18 - which was never much more than a platform, is now defunct - it was 2½ feet from open water to the south in about 3 feet of water. The egg nest at N26.4 is still in good repair and apparently in use - it is less than 2½ feet in from open water to the north, in about 3 feet of water - the gangway faces away from open water - to the SW- facing open cat-tail areas. There is fresh wet cat-tail & green cat-tail material in the nest - it is a floating nest- sinking with the falling water level - it has a 6 in. inside diameter, 12 in from outside rim to top of gangway, and a 11 in gangway. The rim is 5 in out of the water.- The floating nest at N25.14 is defunct- but something probably frogs, are still using it. The old egg nest at O26.6 looks as if it may still be in use - it must be a floating nest and is in good repair after the trapping in this end it is about 1 foot from open water.- The nest at H17.23- is a well constructed non-floating nest with gangway facing north into the cat-tails. Open water to the east is 5 feet away, there is about 3 feet of water under the nest - the inside diameter is 8 in, it is 14 in from outside rim to top of gangway; gangway is 10 in long, and rim is 8 in below.

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fulica americana -104- Apr 27 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Cat-tails between this nest and open water are not dense- tho in good repair this nest does not appear to be in use. - The egg nest at T 9.17 was not floating so it captured dumping the eggs into the water - it does not seem to be in use. The wood nest at I 4.21 is still in use- has green material in it and because it was not floating has been continuously worked on until now it is 25 in long by 17 in wide, with the need cup at the E end having a diameter of 7 in. It is 4 ft from open water to the N, has no gangway, is in about 3 feet of water. The present rim is 6 in. above the water. - The old egg nest at I 5.17 shows no sign of use, lacks a cup and is really little more than a 7 in heap of dried cat-tails. The nest at C 6.16 is floating, in 3 ft of water, no longer in repair- it may be in use by frogs. it is 3 ft from open water and an inside diameter of about 7 in., may have had a gangway facing open water to the NW. Note - one of the birds on Middle Chain Lake ystoday, repeatedly was heard giving a "pit-tuck" note as it crossed from the tule to its brood- I have not heard this note from Jewel Lake birds. 11:55 at the moment X & R/S are feeding together at H 15, G/S and R/I3 at H 6,- SIR was also in this area until a moment ago. G/S is the only bird that still shows light gray on the

July 19 Fulica Americana -105- July 27 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co, Calif. head and then only a few flecks. YS + X are both dark headed birds - and good flyers - they will probably leave the lake shortly. S/R feeds with Y + B's quite a bit of the time and is nearly as dark, but its head is still not the rusty color of X+ B5. RIB is in nearly the same plumage as S/R- and I believe G is to tho I haven't gotten a good look at G for awhile. - 2:00- The six min were feeding at F8 until I came to them - then they moved over to G8 - at 2:04 B went "popping" from D12 to F/8 and without ever charging caused all the min to vanish into the cat-tails along the W side of the S pond. - G proves to be intermediate in head plumage between G/S and R/B. July 28 Same locality - At 7:20 a.m. S, B and 3 yng feeding at B10 when I drove up. Gone at H5. 7:30 S/R+ B's came out of H4- started out onto the lake when S + B appeared at F9- they both quickly ducked back whence they came. 7:55 all the 5 brood min are feeding together on the lake this morning tho they have been confined to the cat-tails mostly thus far. S is spending most of his time at G9. - The yng that had the pure white head yesterday seems to be missing today. - the two dark headed birds are both present- the one that had just a couple of white spots on its breast yesterday now has two

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Fulica americana -106- Apr28 Jewel Lake Contra Costa Co, Calif. - white patch that nearly cover the breast - leaving a narrow thrusly black mid-eye But still no sign of white on its head - just the white plumes, which are also apparent on its much smaller- dark headed brother. - The bills on the 3 yng grade from brightest reddish on the smallest to palest orange on the partly white headed bird - all of them seem to have black tips on their bills and the deep red base - it's the area between the nases and the tip that changes most at this stage. 8:15 - 2 yng are at N26 -new where the mallards must be- and 13 w/1 yng is at N20. - 8:20 a white headed yng with a white breast having only the faintest black median stripe it moving E along the dam at L27. The yng cost pictured above not only has a black stripe thru the white but also has one down the breast. - Lake Temescal, Alameda Co, Calif - Watched the pair and brood between the rocks and the E shore - once a immature with light gray breast a had routed about 6 immature mallards out of the area around the rotto - and later the 3 went to work, trying to clear about a dozen mallards out - he then dived for some of the large grrowing on the lake bottom. 4 birds we

Fulica americana -107- 28 Lake Temescal, Alameda Co., Calif. In display off the willow point S of the Rocks. 3 were in display first - and then a 4th splattered in to join them - after the display broke off they dived and tripped in the usual separation behavior. - An adult has moved down along the E side of the lake bringing 3 or 4 dark gray headed birds with it - now the SE pair are again cleaning out the 10 or so mallards from the channel E of the Rocks. Both birds are at it - and now only the ? is working, the ? being busy feeding on bottom algae! - The young that was all dark last week now has a solid white lores and front of head - this young is actively begging and feeding with the parent. These are apparently 2 birds in that younger brood - now the SE pair are tattering a ? muddy duck nearly beside several of their umm. The SW brood apparently consists of two young. They are fairly close to the same age. Both have the white fronts and both have down covered bodies - their bills are a light yellowish-gray. Both as busy feeding them- selves as well as taking offered food from their parents. - The ? of the SE pair once this morning started after several mallards but stopped when they went up onto the island - she moved around in the water nearby "booning"

188.5 qms. 21.6 166.9

Fulica americana -108- Late Temescal, Alameda Co, Calif.- a little while later tho she went up on land after them and chased them off. During this same time the Guddy was permitted to feed in those territory, now being chased. -Jewel Lake Contra Costa Co, Calif- back at the lake at 12:35 B is at G4 worked across to I5 where she was joined by a yng- then into the bay at I5+6 out of eight- as soon as she was out of sight R's came out at H4 and R18 (12:40) is working from D11 to H11- was intercepted by S moving out from G9 and flew to H12 into the cat-tails- S "panked" once and cut into the cat-tails towards where the inam- went in. 12:44 - G,5 R, R's are all feeding at G5. - a black headed yng has just crossed, "whawing" loudly- from D11 to F10- now 12:48 S is out of right and R18 is out feeding right where it previously vanished in the cat-tails. - About 5:25 I caught R1 of the new N bred by driving across from H14 to D12 and then working into the cage- down the net- to A17. 4+5- when cage is. This bird weighs 166.9 166.9 gms, wet - TMT - mm, mid-tbe mm, hallas mm, bill & shield mm, shield mm. poster claw mm. It has not made a sound yet, tho it tried to peck and scratch when

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Felica americana -109- 4/28 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co., Calif. being moved from the cage to the sacks. The R1 claw clipped on this bird is still & very distinctly clipped - this seems to be a good method of marking hatchling coots. This bird gets band 496-7/1607 tho it is still too small to tag - but should be big enough next week this time. This bird has light gray feathers with dark gray tips covering the pate area - in place of the orange wispe feather around the pate are bleached wispe plumes - there are a few orange wispe feathers on the chin and under the eye - all wax feathers are gone - on the bill the egg tooth is gone and the tip of the bill is (no; just a few wax feathers are present around the base of the bill, hidden by the very light gray feathers present) - the bill is marked as shown here - with the black band just in front nears the tip of the bill is a orangy-gray-green and behind it nears the color gradually blends from a light flesh color to a blood red on the shield - the iris is a very dark opaque gray-green - the dorsal- black body surface is covered by down - very long down - from the nape to the tail and flanks - the wings are still covered with down - and with about a half dozen orange or faded plumes present - the breast and throat area is covered with white

- file a letter to the Board of Control in regard to the above mentioned matter. It is respectfully submitted that the Board of Control have failed to take any action on the report made by the Committee appointed by them for the purpose of investigating the charges against the Chief Commissioner. The said Committee have reported that the Chief Commissioner has been guilty of gross misconduct and has also been found to be liable for heavy fines. It is therefore requested that the Board of Control may kindly consider the above matter and take appropriate action against the Chief Commissioner. Yours faithfully, [Signature]

Fulica Americana 28 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co. Calif. feathers - actually with white or light gray tips on dark gray feathers - the sides are covered with a medium gray feathering. Splitting the proves to be which continue in a peculiar thigh is The black band white go beast down feathers poster - ventrally pattern. The covered with medium gray feathers, and there are two small patches of light gray feathers between the legs - separated by a strip of black down. The oil gland is well developed and very nicely tufted - There is no sign of ectoparasites or gemiges. The feathers on the side of neck and cheek areas are very light gray with dark tips. 29 Same locality (contd from Journal p/106) at 5:06 S flew from E-9 to F-16 where it looked like he put on a brief display as he joined B and B lying. About 5:07 something caused 4 imm to fly out of the S end to F+ G-7 - 5:10-B worked south from her earlier position to F-9, then splattered from there across the S pond, taking about 15 seconds of so scattered the immatures into the south and churning once when she had done so. 5:14 / B has rejoined her chick at G-8 and is lightly poohing 5:15-S had worked S to F-11 w/ B lying then turned back N as B came out to meet him - the mid R1-

fulica americana -111- 9 Jewel Lake Contra Costa Co Calif- catched and banded yesterday in the oldest or at least in the most advanced plumage stage of any of the yng. 5:18-Something casued R/S to fly out of south cat- tails. When it landed its tail was pointing straight up - but not spread. Twice this morning Ive heard a low murmur that apparently belongs to the coots - perhaps it is more correctly a series of "grunts" musical ones that I just had it again - it's being given from the area where the immatures are over at H or I 6+7 - it may not be a coot sound - I'm not sure. G feeding at I5- looks like 1 side of the right leg is fading - heard that grunting again 5:34 - but I don't think a coot made it - may be a saw bill. 5:38 B is at F4 hunting for immatures to chase. A "punk" by S at C10 sent 2 mattended yng scotting towards cover - but neither bothered to reach it - still no white showing above water on the breast of the smallest bird - no white on head of its newest but twice as big brood mate - the white healed young have a narrow black band freckening across the top of the head just behind the eye and this marking the posterior edge of the formerly bald pate. 5:50- B made another clearing at the S pool - this I saw as immatures to chase she splattered across towards

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Fulica americana -1/2- 4/29 Arrow Lake, Contra Costa Co, Calif - Something 5:53 SIR is feeding at G4- 4/30 Same locality - yesterday evening. I was back here- the ? was feeding at H14 when the mallards were chased out of B12-14 area- she "poonked" a great deal but made no attempt to attack them as they fed at D+E/17+18 and then moved to B 20 and eventually to G26. - S was at M 26 early in the evening but was lost track of. A yng was calling as the caught somewhere now- L 21 - all was quiet by 7:30 p.m.- except an occasional late "peep" by tho one yng to 7:45- tried to find the yng one but without luck. - at 12:45 no coots visible-can hear a "whewr" at H/3 - then a "poonk" at G8- several min started out at H4 but quickly turned back as B+S ventured out with ? white headed yng at G8- a single black headed & breasted bird at H/2 is steadily whewring at 3 second intervals except for a few longer games. 12:45 I believe R1 is the bird with Sat E9 - no black on # breast visible above water - the other white-headed young is with B at H4. - S at E9 is "pumping", facing me while doing it. S is circling out from C7 to C10, "pumping" the car at BB/10- G is out (12:54) at G7- this bird has a solid medium gray head and it looks as tho it has a mottled

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Fulica americana -1/3- 4/30 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co, Calif. ivory and gray bill. R1B has an almost fleckless medium gray head while B's has Too dark gray head and very pale bill. G5 is still flecked on the head, and SIR has - S came out at G8 and all the mm vanished at E4+G4. Both adults are offering tidbits to the 2 white headed young-and they accept with the usual begging pose - thanksy - B just caught a dragon fly which was taken about ten feet to be given to a wh-hded yng. - so far one pb black headed white breastid bird in not accounted for. 1:05-the bird I take to be R1 is feeding with B, working in and out from G8 to G7. 1:10 p.m. 5 mm coots feeding at F5 and several mallards are feeding at D5 -with no indication of conflict. - SIR has a asled medium gray head with a white tendency- bill is not especially light - still a ducky grayish. G5 (1:15) just jumped off a log while and at too much trial wing flapping - learning to fly? no Y yet today. 1:17 - 1 wh-hd yng at H5 while the mm fed + preened at G5-then a parent came down and chased the whole lot of mm into the cat. tails at G4-and I think went right in after them. -the parent is S.

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Fulica americana -114- 30 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Just after S cleaned out the imm costs from the S pond - 10 mallards moved out from D5 across to H 4 and S was moving from G 4 around to I 5 - there was no threat, not even a "putk" on the part of S. So the mallards moved around the imm costs came out of cover to feed and went about and on the log at G 5. Now 1:30 S/R ran down the log, flapping flapping wings and off to the end. a wh-ld flyng feeding bet F9 has just a pencil line of black on its breast - R/S is a sleek looking bird - quite adult looking except for the darker bill and the dark gray instead of black head. - now for some reason, not visible - all the imm flew or splattered to F 9 + 10 - R/B & G at least both flew - and so did - I think - 1 more (R/S ?). - Y is certainly not present on the lake now. 1:43 - S just came over from G/S and chased all the imm back to the S end. The black-hd wh-ld-seed bird turned up at F 10 - loudly "whewring" while S was engaged in chasing imm. - a white hd flyng joined the dark one and together both "whewring" they swam out to D9 to meet S. S fed or billed the white hd flyng first and then specked the blacked hd flyng 3 times - both flyng followed S from F-9 to C 7 - S catching insects all the way across and giving them to wh-hd but pecking black-head at every chance.

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Fulica americana 1/30 Jewel Lake Contra Costa Co, Calif. Incidentally I note that this black headed dril is getting white cheeks and chin but the bill is still quite bright reddish all 4 upg are now accounted for - this last mentioned yung has a fairly wide black breast stripe. - The whit-ld young following S takes every chance opportunity to feed itself and to chase insecds.-now 2 yng at C6 are

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Fulica americana 4/21 Ivel Lake, Contra Costa Co, Calif- first time today - then R/B joins G/S and they both show some alarm as they move back to H4 and up the inlet. B with 1 dh-hd upp feeding at E5 is the obvious cause for the immatures' sudden departure - but where are the rest of the imm, 3:16-22 for 3 of the 4 yng have been seen today- only the smallest has not appeared. I noticed today the tendency of these birds to follow paths already made thru the pondweed-rather than making new ones - this seems not to apply to the yng tho. The area cleared where the swing net was has been a favored area for transit and feeding since its net was removed, 3:33 B cut across from F8 to F4-scattering G/S into H4 and R/B and P/S into E4- but not satisfied. B went in after the last two imm- and a moment later P/S came flying out - from E4 to B10 while B in pursuit landed at F8, 3:37 G/S & R/B are both feeding at G+H4- B w/1 bl hd & 1 wh hd yng is feeding at G8. - I wonder if the bird that has been

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Eulca Mexicana -117- 31 Jewel Lake, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Note, (4/18) - when I got back to the car Y and B's were feeding + preening at B7. The base of the bill on B's looks as tho it has adult ivory, even the shield looks good - but the tip, and around the nases - is still mottled gray - Y has the mottled gray bill - is still some distance behind B's in plumage development. 91 same locality - 5:55 p.m. C/E seems to have lost all the light gray flecking on its head - it now seems to have a solid medium gray head plumage - also noticed what looks like the beginning of a dark plumage, creeping up the middle of its breast. 93 same locality - 4:35 p.m. B and 2 ymg feeding at L25 - both young white headed and surely large enough to tag and band. B/E & C/E feeding and preening at F5. 4:52 - at the moment 3 yng and B are feeding in area J-K-20 - 1 yng is small, black headed & black breasted but apparently with a feathered pate - The other 2 yng both are white - breasted-white headed and quite large. One of the larger white headed birds tho doesn't seem to have much light on top of head and I suspect it is the bird formerly called wh-bx, bl-headed. I have not seen for two a fourth young in the few minutes live been here nor had I seen S yet, who likely has the missing yng with him.

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Fulica Americana -118- 3 Seal Lake Contra Costa Co Calif. R/B and X are both getting the dark gray head plumage but neither has a whitish looking bill. G/S has the solid medium gray, and a bill fully as light (5 gm) as either of the other 2 immatures. 4 same locality - Been here since a little after 10 a.m. have seen 3 imm but didn't get tag colors - R/B and one black fronted-black headed yng. Later saw 2 white-headed yng. Immatures G/S, R/B, X are on the lake but no sign of the other immatures - nor of S. If these birds left the lake, as I expect they did, it was not under pressure of disturbance, but rather just an emigration. 5 Apparently the S end of the lake is the best coot territory. Now the N pair have moved completely into that area pretty much leaving their old area to the ducks and other coots - no longer do immatures encounter the wrath of the N pair when they get in the Nest. same locality - At 11:15 a.m. L2 total escape was caught in the "loop" trap at H14. The toe nail on this bird that was clipped is just a nub easily distinguished from the unclipped nails. Bird L2 banded, measured weighted and tagged - Tagging looks as tho it should be successful - don't sure tho, it takes a good sized fold of skin to tag properly. - the dorsal surface of thas

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9 Fulica americana -119 ,5 Jewel Lake Contra Costa Co, Caly. Bird is covered with black & very loose almost down feathers but will a well defined margin- not even pimples where the wing feathers and rectrices will be. in fact- the wings are newly bare-resulting from a growth in wingsize but no compensating growth of feather covering. There are still a few colored plumes on the wings but they are mostly faded. Still a slight down stripe on the breast but the complex down pattern on the ventral body surface is missing - feet and legs gray green- and the eyes are very nearly the same color. Still some bleached white feathers on each of head and the white tips of the black feather on top of the head are wearing off. The white under tail coverts are coming out- but still hidden in a mass of black down. Bill as below with a greenish tip, then a black band and behind [illegible] green grading to yellow-flesh color--the whole being streaked with black pencil marks. - The shield is blood red-capillaries or small vessels being visible. - Earlier while trying to drive for the loop net-I flushed it out of H 18.-it flew the length of the lake and would have left except that it hit the concrete dam, 14 inche above the water- and fell back into the lake- at 12 am. I have not seen its bird since then. Also saw

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Fulica americana -120- y5 Jewel Lake, 50ft, Tilden Park Contra Costa Co. Calif. B with a black headed yng crossing from K25 to F28 about 11:45 a.m. - this smallest of yng now has two large white spots on either side of its breast. but still the black head - gate and all. 12:20 Y and an [illegible] yng (whit headed) are feeding close together at M27. - 12:55 - about 15 minutes ago B's and another wh headed yng very close to the same size were feeding at M26 - a 2nd white headed yng, appearing somewhat larger was at M20 and the little bl-headed yng was at H16. 1:40 - now, the first time in 2 or 3 weeks all the N yng are feeding together at M26. B's proves to be the 2nd largest in the brood - there being one white headed bird larger and one white headed bird smaller - and then of course little blackie - who just escaped being trapped, and apparently crossed the lake from H15 to the E side, then up the E side to the dam and finally back to the NW corner 47 5mi E of Martinez, Contra Costa Co. Calif. 1 adult bird seen feeding on a slough along the highway turned its back on me as I pulled up to stop some distance away. It stayed in that position, keeping its conspicuous bill put of sight, turning its head just enough to watch me but still keeping its bill quite well concealed.

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Wildlife, etc. 1949 Fulica americana -1200- Aug. 12 - Jewel Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 1335. arrived at south end of Lake & found ?B feeding in the center and one unmarked young bird on the opposite shore. Color on ?B almost negligible. Apparently molting from the brownish tinge of the plumage. Kingfisher flew over and settled. Jack- rabbit seen along the road. Several Black Phoebes feeding over lake from cattails. After watching awhile found B = ?B as it did not look like an adult originally. 1415 left some other coots to be seen and people present. No mallards. Aug 19 - 1600 - No sign of any coots or animal but ranger had recently been to the lake. Green heron flew out of S end and landed in oak up the hillside. 1615 one unmarked young bird with red bill & whitish throat on east side of lake 5 of jutting cat-tails. 1635 there are now 3 unbanded young birds across from where I saw the first one. These are younger than the one I saw last week that was landed. I mallards were in the pocket at the NW corner of the lake. Sept 4 - The two young birds were in the NW corner of the lake in the remaining open spot with app. 7 Mallards.

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Fulica Americana -121- +12 Gentle Lake, 500 ft., Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - No birds on the lake, at least none seen, from 2 to 3:15 p.m. today. +13 Lake Merritt, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. - About 8 coots were seen on Lake Merritt this afternoon. 1 of them was a this year's bird still with the mottled bill and dull legs. Two more seen were apparently paired birds from last summer. One of them, the smaller-, was noted working on the head feathers of the other, larger bird. This larger (?) bird bowed its head down, with its bill under water and its neck arched. With its bill under water it was blowing bubbles. There were no sounds accompanying this display. A moment later the larger bird turned away, followed by the smaller. Sept 14 Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. - Looked over The Aquatic Park today for coots but saw none. Sept 16 Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - 2 coots seen this morning on the mud flats just N of the mouth of Clerrito Creek. 1 is an adult and the other looked much like a bird of the year. Neither had tags on them, nor bands as far as I could determine. - Lake Temescal, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. - At least 15 birds on this lake today, including 6 adults and at least one gray billed immature. Most of the rest are surely birds of the year, and it was noted that their bills are fully as white as the adults', the band on their bill is not nearly so distinct. Of several seen at close range, the eyes are fully as red as of the adults. No consistent plumage differences could be discerned between the age groups, some of the obviously adult birds having already assumed a lighter and

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Fulica americana -122- Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. Brownier plumage than of the summer. Territory play was in full play specifically, but there was no harassing of the mallards; in fact the costs seemed to make an effort to keep out of the Mallards' way. Several territory disputes were observed, once with a ring of immature birds gathered in an open circle about the 2 adults in paired display. That is until another adult came in and attacked a couple of immatures on the wrong side of the line. The boundaries seem to still be about as I judged them to be earlier this year. Pairs are still together, and one adult bird was observed carrying a long piece of cat-tail material into the cat-tails at the S end. Jewel Lake, 500 ft., Tibben Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. At the lake this afternoon, about 3:30 p.m. one dark headed but gray-billed bird came out at about G12- feeding on Potamogeton -a moment later it suddenly scrambled under into surface, raising wings and feet to get through the pondweed.-A moment later an Accipiter (probably large Sharp-shin) made a pass at where it was and then moved S down the lake. About 15 to 20 seconds later the cost came up at about H12.18 (underwater from about F11.13), and kept its body close on the water, its head and neck pulled in, and its tail vertical but not with the coverts spread. Several times it ducked its head and neck under-water, but finally decided it was safe and ceased to behave that way. For quite a few-

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Feb 19 Fulica Americana -123- + 16 Jewel Lake 500 ft., Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - minutes after the hawk passed it continued to point its tail skyward, tho it was feeding and swimming around with its head up. After about 10 minutes or so a bleached headed bird came out of the cat-tails and fed at D13. A few minutes later I heard the “quack” of the ♀ and a moment later B (now bleached to S) with 2 tags came out of the cat-tails at E 26. She ducked back in as soon as she saw me, and a short time later I heard a bird spattering from D25 along the cat-tails to B19 or 20. The mallards worked out of the F-27 area shortly afterwards, and when I moved back down the road, I saw two UPM immatures at B18. Both looked to be in about the same plumage stage—the dark gray headed, mottled gray billed stage. + 23 Lake Teneocal, Elev 420 ft., Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. - Arrived at 2 p.m. - Immediately upon arrival saw an adult in the S pair area chase an immature out of the cat-tails on the E side of the rock, through the channel S of the rock. I suspect this was a bird of the S pair, since the parent was not hotly pressed. - A short time later, an adult from the SW area drove another adult out of that area, chasing it some distance into the NE area. No defense was made by any bird in this area, nor was even a display indicated. About 2:15 p.m. an S adult was in paired display with 2 birds (at least 1 adult) from the SW area. At least 2 other immatures voiced opinions from nearby

Fulica americana -124- 23 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. Sketch Map of S end of Lake Temescal as I visualize it without any survey. N ||||| - approximate defended boundary. O nests. Sw pair S pair nest N group and for one short period of time most of the birds at the S end of the lake were making some sort of noise. This display was at the NW corner of the S area. As the display broke off, the S adult gave at least 3 crowing notes, and was soon joined by its mate. As to the separation all the birds were

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Fulica americana -125- lot 33 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. diving and feeding in the general area. At 2:25 p.m. cam able to count 17 coots on the lake. At 2:28 pm. a ♂ from the S pair and a ♀ from the SW pair together, charging about 20 to 30 feet apart along parallel paths, drove 4+ immature birds out of the SEnd area. This aroused crowing on the part of a NE bird, and one♂ was seen moving down so if to meet the challenge. A smaller adult, which I took to be the SW♀ followed her mate, and he turned to meet her and they both came together in a charging position, dipping their bills as they passed and then immediately holding their heads high; In the several succeeding minutes two birds, I believe the SW pair, chased a total of 8 ♂ the birds, mostly immatures into the NE area - a moment later one of the NE adults went to work chasing at least 1 immature ? out. - Earlier I had an opportunity to watch a coot take a bath. I had not seen this g before, and was not surprised to see it accomplished the same way a duck takes a both, with much splashing and throwing of water with the wings. lot 30 Lake Merritt, ft., Oakland Alameda Co., Calif. Fed a group of about 8 to 10 coots on the ground by the seats at the duck refuge. Two larger birds, both giving the ♂ type call maintained dominance over the flock, only occasionally pecking at one another, but regularly assailing any other of the smaller birds coming within range. Ducks, especially a ♀ Pintail, blundered their

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Eulica americana st 30 Lake Merritt, b.d. #, Oakland, Alameda Co. Calif.- where these birds were standing, moving the coots out of their way. The coots showed no aggression towards the other ducks, nor did the ducks make aggressive passes at the coots. Feeding them wheat, the coots seemed more agile in getting the grain than the mallards were. Most if not all of the coots in this population seem to be adult birds- I have seen none out of about 40 that had bills in the least bit mottled. Throwing grain to a flock of water-fowl, including many Mallards, a few Pintails, 1 Black Brant, a pair of coots came out to join the feeding- both ♀ and ♂ calls being given, characteristically, by the small and larger birds. As other coots came into the area to join in the feeding, the two birds of already there tried to keep them away, to the extent that the ♂ was spending most of its time chasing other birds, charging three masses of ducks on several occasions to attack other coots. Once the ♂ attacked the female while she had her head under water feeding, after severely mauling her she was able to give a sound. And he immediately ceased, she just sat there giving a feeding call with her mouth wide open. -A few minutes later two birds were in paired display, one on one side of a fence and the other on the other side. I threw grain to the one on the outside, and the

Fulica Americana 127 30 Lake Merritt, S.L. Oakland, Alameda Co. Calif. Several coots and many ducks came over to the fence, mere went around the end of a 20 foot fence to get the food. Later a bird did and with one pitched battle, chased the occupying bird out onto the open lake. There are some social relations existing here that I don't unde- stand. A few minutes ago I observed a battle between two unevenly matched birds. They both displayed and then went into a prolonged battle, lasting for about three minutes. The larger bird would grab the breast of the smaller with one foot, and slap it with the other. Both birds were sitting on their wings throughout. The smaller bird, when free of the other birds grasp, backed away, using its mostly submerged wings to propel it, and defending itself with thrashing feet. The larger bird finally got the best of the smaller, and was able to get the small bird under water, to sit on it and peck at it. Finally the smaller bird got away. went a few feet on the surface, and there under pressure of a charge from the larger, seemed to escape. During the heat of the battle about 12 other coots (and 2 Calif. ducks) gathered close about, intently watching the struggle. As the vanquished bird tried to escape, 3 of the bystanders took after it, even tho' the victor was no longer interested. One of the birds chased the loser, even charging at twice causing it to submerge to escape. To

Fulica americana 128 Lake Merritt, S. D. Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. Water birds went directly to shore. Of the 30 or 40 birds on the lake, only two dull-billed young were seen, all the rest seemingly adults, and many of them apparently paired. At least they seem to associate in pairs, and several times I have heard the ♂ "puk" from one of the pair, and the ♀ "poonk" from the other. Three when four birds were more or less feeding in close proximity, one attempted to attack another, even to the extent of display, but the other bird refused to be attacked, refusing to display or to rear back when the other did, instead, it just lowered its head, and keeping its distance from the pursuer, but facing it, proceeded to "laugh" at it with its mouth wide open. A little later, a "poonking" bird was closely pursuing a larger, "pukking" bird, once the larger bird turned, and the smaller bird stopped, and looked as tho it was going to give the "laughing" reaction, it didn't however. All this continual struggle around feeding area doesn't seem to be a function of food supply. Territory battles are so severe, in fact more so, when no food is involved. When food is available the birds are too busy eating, and a considerable number of birds will collect about the feeding area to eat. When feeding pressure is gone then the conflicts become severe.

Fulica americana 129 630. Lake Tamescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. Once I counted 22 coots on this lake today. Found four structures, 3 of them old nests of which 2 are still functional, and 1 may still be defended. The fourth structure is some sort of a platform that seems to be under construction now. There is a lot of dead material in it but there is also quite a bit of green stuff. The general looseness of the leaves, plus the lack of any fecrements further indicates the newness of the structure. About 3 p.m., the 3 pairs were seen in counting play, leading finally to the & mounting the ♀ but not copulating. The ♀ was sitting on the shore. Afterward both birds preened for a short time, the ♂ going onto the water to do it, the ♀ staying on shore. Shortly she was back teasing (?) him, making a barely audible sound, pecking at him, and generally disturbing him. - Later the "laughing" of the ♀ and the "crow" of the ♂ seem to be comparable calls. Several times this afternoon I saw two birds in display positions (to not displaying) giving these two different calls simultaneously - at least since the proper birds proved to be ♀ + ♂ by the usual call. The birds of this year are proving difficult to distinguish now. Only about two of them have unmistakably gray mottled bills, but several of the ones with ivory bills have noticeably paler pied-masking which by their general behavior, I gather are immature birds. About 5 p.m. 2 Cooper Hawks flashed over the lake, the only response from the coots was complete

Fulica americana -130- Lake Temescal, 420ft, Alameda Co., Calif. silence. One of the platform structures examined today seemed to consist of an old nest structure with a great of excrement piled on top like mud. One bird was in close, apparently a little concerned over my presence - A few minutes later a ? + ? Cooper Hawk flew into a tree about 1/2 way down the W side of the lake. They seemed to be engaging in some sort of a display - very soon a group of mallards and coots collected in the water nearly, raising a considerable fuss. The ? hawk made one pass at the water-fowl, they scattered but quickly collected again. The ? hawk crossed the lake, the birds didn't respond, the ? + crossed the lake, swinging low, and causing about 6 nearly coots to duck under water. Once a coot persistently chased a Buffle Duck out on the open water, the duck finally flew to escape - but I haven't seen a coot chasing a mallard yet. I noticed today in connection with display behavior, that the birds flatten the feathers on the top of their head and elevate the neck feathers, giving their necks an expanded appearance, while the depression of the crown feathers accentuates the prominence of the frontal shield - giving them this sort of a profile.

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Fulica americana 131 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 2 birds on the lake this afternoon. They have been feeding most of the time about D12-14. One is B (now with solid silver-top) and the other is a young bird with a gray mottled bill, quite light at its base, very dark head, much like an adult, but with a grayish body and wings quite a bit lighter than the adult color. 7. Lake Temescal 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. About 20 coots on the lake today, pretty well scattered all over the area. About noon 4 of them were at the N end of the lake, and others scattered randomly. Chasing is still going on some, but it appears that for the most part, the young birds have been pretty well cleared out of the several territories, and since food is still abundant in non-territorial waters, they are feeding actively in the open waters of the lake. The NE & SE areas are both still being actively defended, and maybe the SW area also. The SE pair are still engaging in quite a bit of courtship activities, at least once I saw one bird mount the other, but the bottom bird sorta rolled under the water, leaving the other (?) just sitting there. Once a couple of birds in the NE were participating in what might be courtship play. - The new structure, whatever it maybe, in the SE area is somewhat more developed today. Much of the top material is composed of green cat tail leaves (of the narrow-leaved form).

Fulica americana 132 Late Temescal, #20 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. There also are some of the dead leaves mixed in but these are few. It is a floating platform anchored to upright stems. Some of the surrounding cat-tails have been broken down and incorporated into the platform. Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif.- 2 birds on the lake at 2:30 p.m. One is a tagged bird supposedly B, the other is an immature bird, supposedly of the 2nd North brood. This immature bird still has the mottled bill tho the rest of its plumage is the same as the adults. It has a shiny black head of the adult, and the slate gray plumage of the winter adult. Oct 15 same locality - 1 bird on the lake, it looks like the unmarked immature but it is quickly losing all of the immature characters- the bill, its last remaining mark, it almost completely adult in character. A few minutes later saw two more coots on the lake, the three of them being together. Two were young birds by their obvious bill characters while the third was tagged presumably B. Oct 28 same locality there are four coots on the lake today. One is B, two I suspect are immatures, while the fourth is a male note individual showing obvious intent in B (and vice versa). About 1 p.m. the male was seen chasing one of the immature It was a short chase only about ten feet at F-29. - Upon closer inspection two of the birds on the lake are obviously immatures. No bird is not distinct yet.

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Fulica americana 133 8/29 Jewel Lake, 5/0 ft., Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 4 birds on the lake today. They seemed to be feeding in close company part of the time, but most of the time the two adults fed together while the 2 immatures fed together someplace else. They seem to be sticking pretty much at the N end of the lake. Once when a red-tailed hawk approached the area in the course of making wide foraging circles, the three birds visible all worked over to the S side of the cat tails. Not hurriedly, but just rapidly enough that they were concealed by the time the hawk was overhead. No sign was observed as a warning. 8/31 Lewis, Calif. Campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Bird-12 handled today had adult type bill but eye has some greenish flecho around perimter. P has an eye that I would call adult, no greenish rim to pupil or iris, 95 has an immature eye, with green borders - the both are quite alike in other characters, 8 has an eye that is adult in characters. 45 and 1 both were authorized to handle. 75 has immature eye pattern a was authorized to handle. Of the 16 birds handled today, at least 7 of them seemed to have adult eyes, that is eyes with solid red iris, absolutely no fleching. Only one of the birds seemed to have really yellow legs, and that bird I didn't record. One other has what falls very close to an adult eye, tho not fully

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Fulica americana 134 [illegible] 49 573) Uglio, Calif. Campus Berkeley Alameda Co. Calif. typical of that type. All the rest have legs with varying degrees of flecking. Bill patterns were not closely checked. 574 same locality - After several days of feeding these birds a commercial food mix containing wheat, cracked corn and several other grains, I find that they clean up everything except the cracked corn. So far I have not seen any bird show any interest in trying to get out of the fenced area - in fact it is very seldom that they even get close to the fence. They seem to feel safer against the wall of the building. They seem to spend very little time in the water, but rather wander around the edge of the pool, on the list, most of the time. All green grass and herbaceous material has been cleaned up in the pen, and they have shown some interest in the leaves of the Myriophyllum growing around the pool. The water plants in the pool were cleared out in the first 48 hours. They are active in the water at night, at least they were last night, and apparently do quite a bit of diving etc. them clearing large patches of the bottom of its layers of muck. 1 bird, /5/, stays apart from the rest of the birds for some reason - I suspect it is not in the best of health.

luri 947 Fulica americana 135 Nov 5 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. watching the several birds on the lake today I was impressed by several things. First, pursuit takes place above and below the water, disputes of some nature are frequent, I believe they still involve territory tho the limits have changed some due to the lower water level. Also noted today that while the coots were feeding on pondweed, that a baldpate was in close attendance, picking up tidbits the coots dropped. I didn't see any Baldpates trying to rob the coots and only once did I see a coot make a pass at a nearby Baldgate. Nov 5- Univ. Calif. Campus Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif.- 1/6 at 5:25 p.m., just at dusk, was giving a growl note comparable with the growl heard by the supposedly, ♀ bird at Jewel Lake while guarding her young. This bird was pursuing and occasionally being pursued by other birds into water. For about 1/2 minutes while I watched, most of the birds were in the water, bathing and swimming around. Two or three of them were also seen to be diving and I seemed to be swimming under water some. They were generally more active than I have seen them any other time.

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July 1949 Fulica Americana 136 Nov 6 Univ. Calif. Campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Watched one cuddle up to the other this morning, and gently peck at feathers on the back of W. B. W. did not respond in any method, but did tolerate the attentions. Nov 11 same locality - Caught and examined W.B. This morning, it has a rather severe reaction to the safety pin, part of it being imbedded in the flesh. I pull it out and clamped the one end closed. One tag is badly water but still on. This wild duck seemed to be doing a lot of stumbling around, consistently turning one foot under. - No sign of primary regrowth of those plucked on Nov 12 same locality - This morning watching W.B.s - saw it seem to nibble on the feathers of W.B.s some and then go over to W10 and to nibble on the head feathers of this bird. As B.S approached W10 arched its neck, ending up with its bill flush against its chest. W.B.s ignored the tags and nibbled feathers between and behind the tags but didn't bother the tags. At 8:20 a.m., they were together again, W.B.s nibbling at the back and neck feathers of W10, even to the extent of completely burying its bill in the light gray shoulder feathers. A moment later B.S pecked at B.S

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Fulica americana 137 Nov 12 Univ. Calif. Campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. more of the breaching up the trance. About 8:24 [B]S found the green plant Myriophyllum in the water and went in after it. Very quickly, most of the rest of the birds joined it, quickly consuming the green materials, leaves, stems and roots. As far as I can determine every bird in the lot got some of the green stuff. Once [B]S and [C]S Tangled momentarily, just threatening, no actual blows. - Caught [G]S tried sewing internally but missed the gonads - sewed it up and released it - covering wound with cellodine (Barley did the surgery). Nov 13 same locality - [G]S seems to be in as good shape today as it was yesterday. It weighed 469 gms yesterday before undergoing surgery. Note: - The 16 coots placed in the SW corner pool of the courtyard in the Life Sciences Building on the University of Calif. were trapped in duck trapping operations at the Gray Lodge State Refuge, near Andover, Butte Co., Calif., on October 29 and 30 1949. They were brought to Berkeley in gummy sacks, unshed out and released on October 31. Upon turning loose in the caged area their Thirst seemed to be the only

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Pullian 1949 Enlicus Americana 138 Note: University Calf. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Detrimental part of the ordeal. They Have all been satisfactory a ctual Since that date. No 16 Same locality - X killed today, after being isolated from the other birds for 36 hours (it being the one that was able to get out of the pen), had a rectal temperature of 41.50 C at 4:50 p.m. Leg from fleet at base of top of mid-toe nail to inner end of tarsus metatarsus - 128 mm. On sexing living birds, the incision must be made between the ribs right at the posterior end of the scapula and care must be taken not to cut dorsal to the uncinate processes more than 10 mm or kidney will be damaged. The best incision would be in the first intercostal area just anterior to the anterior most leg muscle. Actually the best cut would be betw between the first and second true rib at the level of the uncinate process. This bird is a male, with 4 mm testes No 17 same locality - The bird operated on Saturday seems to be healing okay, the skin has a kind of white appearance around the wound, but it is not inflamed, at least the temperature seems to be no higher there than elsewhere. Caught /B/S this morning

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September 1949 Fulica americana 139 los 17 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. and the inflammation present earlier from the safety pin has now vanished - apparently the play in the pin was doing the nasty work. SC has lost both tags so I shall replace them with tag Bx (black & copper) with the double wire deal thus to see if it won't better than the style. Of course staple is still rusting kind as durability of these tags are limited. I also want to see how black and copper look for visibility. hold single the the the note: - from the bird I dissected last night the G, the syrinx and cloacal regions are preserved in formalin (40%) while the frontal shield and the section where the tag was pinned on as fixed in Bouins fix. The safety pin where it went thru the flesh shows no sign of corrosion from body fluids. - watching the bird feeding lounging this afternoon after I furnished them a supply of green grass, I noticed one bird carefully picking up grit, quite selectively. In the gizzard of last night's kill I found that the grit

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17 Univ. Calif. Campus Alameda Dr. Calif. Consisted almost exclusively of quartz material. Most of the particles were about 2-3 mm in size, rounded, while a few pieces up to 15 mm were found. -Two birds (P+X) have been infected intravenously with a malaria by Helen Jordan - they are segregated from the rest of the birds. - It seems to me that during the two weeks these birds have been here now that they have lost the last indication of an immature bill - looking at them closely now I can see no distinct mottling on any bill such as I thought distinct 2 weeks ago - but eye color. If it is good, is still holding up. After resting for about 30 minutes - 1:16 p.m. - 1:35 p.m. - suddenly several birds became momentarily active - moving out to feel a little and a couple of them went into the water - I tried some of the grass I put floating in there but Didn't seem excited about it so it left. By 1:40 they were all inactive again, most of them lying down, some sleeping, some preening, and some picking at the litter on the ground around them. - Green material in the water seems to be preferred to the same green material out of water. I have noticed that in throwing

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Fulica Americana 14/1 Nov 17 Union Calif Campus Alameda Ca Calif. -cabbage or lettuce leaves to them. that if it is in the water in is cleaned up in a relatively short time. One lot of cabbage leaves even on the ground for 24 hours and hardly touched, but these same leaves thrown in the water lasted about four hours, or less even.-Watching P work over some lawn trimmings it picked up but a lot of clover leaves and stems but seemed to eat few of them, it more regularly ate the trimmings of grass. The clover was always picked up by the stem so perhaps the bird is not able to distinguish the clover stem from a grass leave until it is handled. Again, the grass in the water is preferred to the same material on land. 1/3/5 arched once this afternoon as VS9 swam close to it. Nov 18 same locality-Tarans-Mid toe measured best holding bird upside down between legs, inserting thumb nail at head of tarsus, measure from there to flesh at base of the mid-toe nail. Can determining head of tarsus case must be taken to get nail at the proper position, between the and the lower end of the tibia-fibula. -se next page-

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Fulica americana 142 Nov 18 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda C., Calife- thumb nail base. MEASURE Of 19 coots taken on Lake Merritt today 4 immature birds were released on Lake Temescal at 8:25 p.m. They were tagged NS A, S/3, NS S and X's, all released at N end of lake. At 8:45 pm. I released four more birds on the south end of Aquatic Park along the wayside in Berkeley. These were all red series - /S/B, S/R, RS X's. Nov 19 same locality - 1 new bird X/B, the heaviest bird I have handled, died in the pool last night or early this morning. Dissecting it I found it to be a male, and covered with a terrific load of fat. There was an average of 1/2 inch of fat under the skin over most of its body, and the intestines were tied up by a mass of fat. The testes are 7 mm long, and were first found by going in thru the side of the bird. The wing, and area, a syrinx are preserved. Also the right leg was saved.

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Fulica Americana 143 Nov 19 Lake Temescal, 720 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. All four of the tagged coots released here last night are present today, and mixing with the other flocks. They show no sign a irritation nor do any of the other coots show any aggressive tendencies towards these newcomers. The four tagged birds are feeding at widely separated parts of the lake, each with a different flock of waterfowl. They show no sign of being strangers on this lake. There is a dead coot on the shore near the east side inlet. The lake is about ten feet below the full level. - Aquatic Park, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. 3 of the four red series birds released here last night have been seen - they are 4/5, 1/5, & 2/7. R/5 was seen moulting with another untagged bird. Nov 23 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. P. when killed today weighed 423 grms. Also it eliminated a considerable quantity of green fecal material which looks okay. Head to end of mid too - 134 mm. This bird, a male, had its left thoracic air sac pretty well loaded with a mold, identified by Dr. Emerson of the Botany Department as an Aspergillus. No is going to culture the mold to determine its exact nature. A portion of this air - see page 165 -

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Julii 1949 Fulica americana 144 23 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co. Cali. sac with the mold in it was placed in Bouin's fix for eventual sectioning. Leg and wing saved and pinned out. - P G was sexed internally successfully, then killed. deal weight 429 grams - heel to mid toe 126 mm. Testis 8mm long & very narrow. This bird was in good shape with a good supply of fat on its body. Wing, leg, syrinx and cloaca saved. - V B S - sexed internally satisfactorly - F - then killed. Weight not taken, but wing, leg, cloaca & syring saved - also ovary placed in Bouin's fix. Ovary was large, with several follicles of more than 1 mm diameter - was not able to find any good Bursa, but did find a good oviduct F - so I saved the oviduct, cloaca and enough meat to get any bursa that might be present. Harry Wesenberg examining these birds for parasites, found a number of large flukes in the mass portion of both P & PG also and Acantho- cephalid in the gut of F P and 3 cestodes in the gut of PG. V B S seemed to be free of helminth parasites, at least he didn't report finding any. 24 Lake Temescal 420ft. Alameda Co. Calif. F is still on this lake, along with 79 other coots. I was able to get

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Fulica Americana 145 Nov 24 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co. Calif.- 1 pair in close enough to photograph them in black & white and color. Both were giving the true sex notes, the smaller the female note, the larger the o note. Having made a loop around the lake can sure these are no more tagged coots on this lake. - Lake Merritt, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif.- The hundreds of coots were on this lake, no tagged ones were seen in the refuge area, they could be elsewhere on the lake tho. - Aquatic Park, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Wanted to visit here but the fog was too thick, visibility was about 30 feet. Nov 25 Univer. Calif Campus, Alameda Co., Calif.- 3/B wt 472 gms. Opened this bird, saw it, a o, sewed it up, covered the wound with collodion's gentian violet, and released it. It secreted a mucous thru the mouth heavily during the whole proceedings, and seems to be limping now since being released. WP-weight 647 grams, sexed internally, a o, had to cut wall of air sac to do it, six slitches in skin. Lots of fat on this bird, had to make a large incision and roll it back to work on it. Bleeding only in skin at level of uncinate process. VsV found drowned in the pool this afternoon. At may have drowned since noon, at least it was still fresh. It proved to be a ? with o sized foot. Rt leg, wing, sitting, ovary & cloaca saved?.

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Fulica americana 146 Nov 25 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Some fat on this bird, at least it showed no sign of starvation. Its mouth contained a mass like substance, its stomach great deal of silica material with much green material. It crowed by living and getting its head & legs thru the wire mesh, then being unable to get its head back out. WR - weight 444 gms - went into this bird quickly and directly, proved to be a ♀ with large ovary. Sewed it back up with 1 stitch to hold the ribs together and four stitches in the skin. Some fat but not too bad. Nov 26 Same locality - All three birds saved yesterday are alive and seemingly in good shape today. WT seems to be especially active. While I was watching this bird # jumped up onto one of the catching cages, and then from there to a window sill. A moment later another bird followed. Of a ♀ X♂, being the two birds infected with malaria, were both dead this morning. Of weight 302 gms and X♂ weight 367 grams. X♂, a ♂ has a 7 mm testes, pointed at both ends so narrow. The bird smells like cauliflower, just a little putrid. Leg, wing, cloaca & syrinx were saved. Also made blood samples from two major carotid vessels near heart. Found a Trematode in the cardiac area, turned it over to Mrs. Samuels for identification.

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Fulica americana 147 Nov 26 Univ Calif Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. BF - of a F. wing, leg, syrinx, cloaca & ovary saved. Found another point of surgical technique in sex determination. To prevent cutting into thoracic air sac, cut between 1st & second true rib, and don't go ventral of the conspicuous nerve running along there. It is safe to go dorsal however to at least the level of the second uncinate process (2) and still avoiding the kidney. Incisions between the 2d & 3rd true ribs should not be made. - Also made a blood smear from the heart of this bird. Nov 28 Lake Merritt, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. S/R + N/A were seen on the lake this afternoon. Some of the fellows said they had been here for about a week. S also, feeding with N/A in the enclosure. R also on the lake. Dec 2. Univ Calif Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. WP weighed 547 grams at noon today, two plain under wing coverts with only

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Fulica americana 148 Dec 2 Univ. Calif. Campus Nandale, Calif. A very slight light tip, but not at all extensive - its VP tag removed and replaced with a crimped, double wired copper staple-copper wire VOW tag. This bird is to be released on Jewel Lake. -13/B- had its primaries pulled on Oct. 31, now has 1 primary about 1/2 out, but still quite well sheathed, and two more just breaking out of an inch long sheath. X'B weighs 470gms, had a plain under-wing surface, all tag replaced by a new style W-13E. W-R-weight 362 gms, tag replaced by VOW of the new copper-copper style. This bird is not as fully healed as I could wish it to be. All three birds were released on Jewel Lake at about 6 P.M. this evening. Dec 3 Jewel Lake, 509ft. Tilden Park Contra Costa Co., Calif. At least 10 coots on the lake at 11a.m. today, including the 3 tagged birds put on last night. Seems to be no evidence of territorial behavior. 1 bird has a safety pin on its neck, but no tags, presumably the B bird. Also one obviously immature bird, by bill characters. VOW and VBEW seem to be feeding pretty much together, while W'B' seems to be alone. At 11:08a.m. VOW was "bowing" with an unmarked bird while VBEW swam nearby. - over -

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Dec 3 Lake Tonesal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- Observing birds from 12 m to 1:15 p.m. saw 19 coots but did not detect any Tagged birds. Slight evidence of territory behaviour on the part of the birds along shore N of the East side inlet. (see journal p. 203). - Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif.- VAR - weighs 388 qms. Was sersed, a ♀ and sewn up. The rib stitch was lost after a skin stitch was in, and it was left out. 3 skin stitches sealed the body well enough tho. This bird is in poor shape - just not feeding properly. - XW - weighs 520 qms. - proved to be a ♀. Had a little trouble with this bird, apparently got 1 rib too far forward, with the result that I believe the air sac was punctured. The incision actually was quite small. This bird had a fairly heavy layer of fat on it, so is in good shape, was a nasty tempered bird, and had a bad bleeding spell. 1 stitch held the 2 ribs okay, and 3 more stitches seemed to put the skin in good shape. - BT - weighs 431 qms, sersed ♀, very active, had little trouble working on the bird, only had a very small opening, took 1 stitch in ribs, 2 stitches rig a skin - old tag replaced with VAR. This bird has one bad foot, swollen. These birds seem to be generally suffering

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Julius 949 Fulica americana 150 Dec 3 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. from spending so much time out of the water. A number of them have abnormal formations on their feet. Dec 5 same locality. - Two birds, VS ♀ or ♂ died yesterday. VS ♂ perhaps as a result of surgical shocks. Autopsy revealed that no hemorrhage had occurred, that healing was progressing okay, but that the bird was very thin. Wing, leg, ovary, cloaca & syrinx saved. Still quite a bit of fat around the heart but lacking elsewhere. Ovary with several large follicles. ♂ - ♂, 6 mm testes, saved, had a very large gall bladder - 22 mm long by about 9 mm in diameter - adjoining tissues all stained by bile pigments. Liver, mesentery, intestine, even the wall of the coelomic cavity. Bladders and adjoining liver & gut saved in Bouin's fluid for latter examination. Also found a fluke on the pyzzard, fixed it. Saved cloaca, syrinx & testes, also leg & wing. - Lte. - fluke destroyed accidentally. Dec 7 - same locality. ♂♀ died today of malaria. Autopsy revealed an enlarged gall bladder with pigment staining surrounding tissues, a liver with several light lesions on it, and a dark mottled spleen. No evidence of hemorrhage in kidneys or other tissues. Ovary with one moderately sized follicle but most of them were undeveloped. Wing, leg, cloaca, syrinx & ovary saved.

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Fulica americana -151- Dec8 Univ. Cabl. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. The birds in the pond show a preference for the pond weed present and for gress. But they shy away from the center that is growing in the courtyard, not eating it apparently, until they become desperate for green food. Dec9 same locality - 1/69 wt 4 13 gms. has the mid pad of each foot badly swollen, feet generally in bad shape. legs yellows tho. Xw wt 4 92 gms, legs and feet in good shape, tag replaced with [illegible]. Both of these birds go to Lake Temescal. Put there about 12:30 p.m. Lake Merritt Oakland Alameda Co., Calif.- S/6 + S/5/R seen close together feeding on lawn with many other coots + Mallardes near the NE end of [illegible] the refuge area. [illegible] and S/2 were in the fenced enclosure - S/2 in fact was trapped. Both S/6 + S/2 have lost a tag on one side. A little while later, about 3 hours, S/2 was seen feeding on the lawn near the NE end of the lake, out of the refuge area. 7 Coots were taken in the trapping today. I might be an adult but I rather think it is an early season immature. The bill appears to be a little adult like, but the legs are still green. Three birds of the Blue series, B/R, B/LG + B/PB were released on Slow Lake in Golden Gate

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Fulica americana 152 Dec 9 Lake Merritt o.l., Oakland Alameda Co., Calif.- park in San Francisco about 9 p.m. tonight. YG is a quite young bird, still having some grayish flecks on its head and neck. Dec 10 Elmir Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. - YG clipped to be kept to see if gray neck feathers are lost with development of adult plumage. BL/W tried to sex but failed. It had a layers of fat under the skin that interfered with work a great deal, and then seemed to have gotten into the air sac, and may have punctured the kidney while trying to punch thru the air sac - at least there seemed to be an extreme amount of bleeding. Sewed the bird up, ribs & skin, and released without having sex'd it. YG - sexed a male, no fat, good sized testis. Made a small skin incision, made one cut between ribs, had too much bleeding so I moved back to the next posterior area, and made of very small incision to do the job. Didn't put any rib stitches, but did put 3 in the skin. G sex'd it; some fat, but not much trouble. Only had to take 2 stitches in the skin, none between the ribs. Had a very large, 10+ mm testis. I'm certain it was not an ovary. This I originally thought this was a testis, after doing BL/W I decided both had ovaries E AGE 154

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Fulica Americana 153 Dec 10 Univ Calif Campus Alameda Co. Calif. which are devoid of follicles. The structure in ♂ looked too large + too white for testes, but the lack of follicles fooled me since all others I have done had them. W/B was fat, but only took 20 minutes to do. III a ♂, then, is least likely to survive of the lot. Was quickly done, only took 2 stitches in the skin to sew him up. Dec 11 Suisun City, Solano Co., Calif. Two birds of yellow series X/1R + Y/1Br released on Suisun Slough just S of Suisun City at 9 a.m. Today. Later, about 3:30 p.m., returning from the Suisun Refuge on Gorge Island I saw / tagged bird X/1R with an untagged bird on the outskirts of Suisun City. This bird flew as well approached closely, and the tags were plainly visible as the bird flew. Dec 12 Univ Calif Campus Alameda Co. Calif. 9/14 weights 577 grams. Died suddenly from too much ether - preserved in alcohol. 18/10 weights 452 grams - primaries are pretty well recovering from being pulled. Under-wing coverts fall in category M2 - feet seem to be in good condition. 6/5 weight 469gms feet in good shape, bird generally okay. Under-wing coverts class M1, many light gray flecks on breast head + neck w's gray feathers.

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Fulica Americana 154 Dec 13 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. QPS, weighs 501 grams. Under wing coverts in class M2, bill immature, some gray flecking on breast & belly but more on head or neck. legs green. Resexed Q - it was a male as I originally thought, but I had not actually found the testes the first time, but rather a fold of rectum. This time the testes were really found. Healing had progressed favorably, and I had a little trouble getting in thru some tissues. I may have cut some leg muscle - at least the bird is limping badly. The skin had not healed enough that when the stitches were removed it opened up a little, but the underlying tissues were well healed. BW! Tried again, this time from the right side instead of the left where I cut last time. Again I ran into the air sac, but I didn't have to severe bleeding this time. Finally punched a hole in the air sac and found the testes. Lots of fat on this bird and the wound was sprinkled with sulfanilamide so it should do okay. W/B resexed, still a ?, ovary with many small follicles, but no large ones. Was somewhat bloated, and generally not in tip-top shape. Had an orange-yellow cheese substance in coelom, and many tissues were loose and puffy.

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Fulica americana 155 c13 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif.- Have it a good dose of sulfamamide served it up and released it. c14 same locality - All the seced birds seem to be in satisfactory condition this morning. III is still somewhat puffy and sluggish but seemingly improved. WIB seems to be okay, and O shows no indication of a limp. BEW is not as active as some of the unseced birds, but I think that all of them are in condition that will allow survival. c15 same locality - All the birds seem to be in good shape. We BEW, WIB + O will go on Lake Temescal tomorrow or Saturday but IIII will be kept until it is in better shape. It is still somewhat inflated. A bird cought last night at lake Merritt A, very thin; tip of its upper mandible broken so I doubt if it was able to eat very well. Killed it. As it died from ether, its last sign of life was the spreading of the under tail coverts as in times of alarm. Wing (11) and right leg dried. Tectro saved in Bouaro - a smear made from blood of the kidney region - greatly enlarged gall bladder, spleen a deep red, about same color as breast muscle, slightly mottled, bursa probed 35 mm. Cloaca + syrinx saved in alcohol. Carcass turned over to Dr. Kirby for further investigation of

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ullin 1949 Fulica americana 156 Dec 15 Univ, Calif, Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. parasites. Another bird No 1 died at Lake Merritt during the night and was brought in. Both tags gone but band on leg for identification. Had a blue wool thread wound around legs, but apparently not tied there. May have died of starvation, intestines quite empty. & slight fungal (?) infection in wall of left thoracic air sac, stretched on a slide & fixed. Blood smear from heart taken, gall bladder loaded.-11 mm diameter by 24 mm long. F with some fair sized follicles. Bursa 30mm.- cloaca, syne, ovary, wing & leg saved. Rest of carcass turned over to Harry Rosenberg for parasites. Auricles quite distended with blood, liver heart and spleen appear to all be normal color- but a number of gas bubbles seen in ceacum. - Lake Merritt, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif.- S - S seen in the refuge area at 2:30pm. R G Today. Were feeding in same general area, along the area just E of the fenced area. A third bird, in the fenced area- lost both tags, only safety pin still present. I was not able to read the band number- but it was my 496-71.. series- and the last number looked like a 0- the only fully swinged bird of that series would be No 2, from Lake Temescal- being 496-71610.

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July 1949 Fulica americana 157 Dec 16 Ulmiz Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. - S/B replaced with V/8 - bursa 22 mm. under wing coverts M2, bill decidedly immature, gray tips to belly feathers but not much on breast feathers more on neck feathers. Y/G - gray tips on crissum, belly, breast & neck feathers, under wing coverts M1, bursa 30 mm., bill very immature with gray outer portion, eye heavily flocked with green, legs green. S/B - few but not many gray tips on belly feathers, very few white tips on crissum, bursa 15 mm., under wing coverts M2. G/S - under wing coverts M1, legs G., bill definitely immature, gray tips on breast & belly feathers, but not on crissum. bursa 28 mm. O/- incision on way to healing - under wing coverts M, light tips on belly feathers, and lower breast feathers, some on crissum. legs yellow-green, bill slightly swollen, bursa 30 mm., weight 523 grams. B/W/ - under wing coverts M1, - some white tips on belly feathers, no white tips on crissum, bill * typically immature, bursa 20 mm. weight 493 grams. III - tag replaced with V/S - under wing coverts M1, no white tips on crissum, few white tips on belly, bill not too adult like, but wrinkled as tho down from an inflated condition - legs yellow-brown - bursa 10 mm.,

Fulica americana 158 Dec 16 Univ. of Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. still somewhat bloated but not badly, weight 417 grams. WG- replaced by RG- no light tips on breast or crissum, and very few on belly. bill adult. wing P, bursa 10 mm, weight 520 grams. W/BL - some few light tipped feathers on belly, no light tipped feathers on crissum, bill immature, legs yellow- green, under wing coverts M2- bursa 26 mm. weight 548 grams. Lake Temescal, 420 ft. Alameda Co., Calif. - 5 birds tagged Q, BW, VW, RG, W/BL, of known sex released in the bay at the E end of the dam at 2:45 p.m. Today. Each bird was attached as it was released by the pair holding territory there. All but VW were able to escape okay but VW being bloated was no able to dive and took somewhat of a beating. BW/R, W/BL promptly moved over to area F25, where they fed awhile, Q, was at I33 and VW at D37(?). Quite a gang of coots were feeding at Q 20 when I came down, as they were scared out into the water, the birds at F25 came across immediately, to join the flock. In this flock were VQ + BW The 3 newcomers came into the flock at 3 p.m. without any show of formality, antagonism or any other behavior. Now at 3:10 p.m. the whole lot of tagged and unmarked birds are feeding together on the mud at L 12. The oth

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Dec 16 Lake Tamescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. - Two tagged birds are apparently still in the N end of the lake. Three pairs are showing territoriality. 1 area includes the area of the swimming stuff, another extends along the E side to the E inlet, and the 3rd possible territory covers mud flat edge opposite one cat-tail area. (see next page). Later 3:45 p.m. - the 18 birds, led by a tagged bird, moved from I 15 to D 31 - there 2 saw them and moved in from D 36, with a territory defending bird close behind, and soon 2 came over from K 35 to join the flock. Again, no social reaction displayed by any birds during the joining. Now 3:50, flock moving directly across the lake. - Earlier about 3:20 pm. when a Double crested Cormorant came in over the S end of the lake, the flock that was out feeding on the mud at N 14 took fright and fled hurriedly to the water edge. Apparently the unfamiliar form of the cormorant scared them. Dec 17 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. - Only one tagged bird among the 10-12 coots on the lake. This bird was first seen at N 26 - from where it was chased by B, the bird with the pin only. As it moved S it encountered the antagonism of another bird (p. 162) and was quite vigorously pursued to about E 14 - then a smaller bird (?) joined the pursuing bird and there

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(LLION 949 =16-- Fulica americana #13 -160- --- routes of tagged birds joining flocks ++ flock movement TODAY'S SHORT RUN south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal //// feeding area territory limits iris cat-tail scale 0 60' 1" = 120' N R.R. ROAD

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Last Seasons Nest Sites as evidenced by remain- Fulica Americana -161- LULION 149 2: 16-- south part of AKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal see page A-> R.R. iris Eat-tail scale 0 60' 1

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GULLION 1949 Fulica americana -162- Dec 17 BM 502.70' Scale 0 50 100' JEWEL LAKE Tilden Regional P e Contra Costa Co., Calif, - -> route of flow ///// - areas of conflict -- Route of pursuing b? # - general area of apparent nesting or platform activity N

Julio 1949 Fulica americana 163 Dec 17 Jewel Lake, 510 ft. Centre Costa Del Calf. occurred some madding (once), she "cackled" and swam about in front of the other bird, [illegible] him, then he half chased her half drove her into the cat-tails at C12 from F15 - late low noises were heard in this area, and the tagged bird was ignored so it fled at D12 to D17 to G-17. I'd like to know where the other two tagged birds are. I doubt that they left the lake of their own volition. Dec 21 Golden Gate Park San Francisco, Calif - Bird B|4G seen on west end of Stow Lake, bird B|TR seen on N side feeding among gulls, between bridge and boathouse. Territory behaviour much in evidence. The third bird B|PB, was seen between the small island on the east side of the island in Stow Lake, the area where they were originally released. Dec 23 Lake Temescal 420 ft. Alameda Co., Calif - Three tagged birds, B|4H, W|B|R, G responded quickly to some food thrown out, along with about 18 other coots & 3 mallards, little later G came in too. The food was thrown out in the territory of the pair by the gas house, with the result that battles ensued, the male & female notes being given by the defending pair. V|A9 was feeding a mouth of E inlet with two other coots. Food thrown out at 034. V|A9 soon joined the other coots there. At 3 p.m.

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Fulica americana 164 Dec 23 Lake Temescal, 450 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. Two non-Territorial birds were bowing at 11:35-, also a few paired displays at 11:36 between birds not of the Pump House Territory. [illegible], hard giving the male call why fleeing pursuit. These two birds defending territory have typically swollen adult bills. Dec 26 Jewel Lake, 570 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. Two tagged coots seen this afternoon on the lake - 16W and \32W- both by the inlet at the S end. 1950 Jan 7 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. - The fifteen coots from which wings, legs, etc were obtained on December 20, 1949, were collected by Archie Mosseman, near Rio Vista, Solano Co., Calif. December 19, 1949. Cloacas, syrinx and gonads saved on birds 1 to 5, also on birds 1-5, gall bladders and spleens were examined. Spleen normal on all birds, gall bladder in length: 31 mm on 1, 27 mm on 2, punctured on 3, 27 mm on 4, 19 mm on 5. Bird 4 had the left wing missing, with only a stub of the humerus remaining; looked like a 2 or 3 month old wound, end of bone ragged, perhaps shot off, probably not a developmental deficiency. - Two birds died 12-28-49, and one, Jan 3, [illegible], 1950, of 4 infected with malaria. Birds 6S, died 12-28, leg, wing, F, cloaca, gonad & syrinx saved. Gall bladder stand

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Fulica Americana 165 Ill. 950 Jan.4 Univ.Calif.Campus,Alameda Co.,Calif.- surrounding tissues,liver mottled with black areas,in its spleen mottled with black areas.This bird was our first attempt at sexing,was perfectly scaled, though we cut into the air sac while working on it.We were two ribs too far anterior.No indication of reaction to the thread still holding ribs together. some scar tissue but not bad.56- died 12-28-49,leg & wing saved.A lead pellet found under the skin on the posterior dorsal surface of the sacrum.Like the preceding bird,this one is full breasted with lots of fat on it.Also lots of fat deposited in mesenteries-f, liver badly mottled,spleen very dark mottled,ovary, cloaca saved in alcohol.8/5-died 1-3-50,leg & wing saved,f,thin,little or no fat,gall bladder large,surrounding issues stained,liver lightly mottled, spleen dark mottled.Ovary with no large follicles as in the case of the two previous birds,ovary, oviduct and cloaca saved-also a hunk of white hard tissue from the posterior edge of the right lung,looks like a fungus infection Jan.5-same locality-The mold taken from P on Nov.23,1949(p.143) has been identified by Dr.Emerson of the Botany Department as Aspergillus flavus-

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Illinois 75-D Anas americana 166 Jan 5 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Oryzae group. Jan 10 same locality - the 34 costus brought in over the weekend, and tagged and banded yesterday, are all from Gray Lodge Refuge, Butte Co., Calif. In addition to those birds, B5 infected with a light dose of malaria, was also turned loose with the rest of the flock. In all, 39 birds are in the pen. Jan 11 same locality - V6 has set up territory & defense in the SE corner of the pen - chasing every bird except B5 out of the area, with some putting but with considerable vigor. Even when out of the territory area, other birds avoid this one, and it shows some aggressiveness even in the pool. It is also this bird that I have observed moving debris with its bill, searching for insects. The loose mallard in the pen doesn't seem to antagonize the defending bird as it spends most of it time in the territorial corner. Jan 13 same locality B5, tagged replaced with LB6 weighed 402 gmo, 28 mm bursa, sex probably F, flat shield of class I. /G/S - retagged P10, weight 443 grams, probably F by leg length, shield class I F, bursa 25 mm. No hole where last tag was lost, pin and all are gone. Both this and the preceding bird have

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alluci 1950 Fulica americana 167 Jan 13 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. - swollen feet. YIP, being the previously untagged, unbanded bird from Gray Lodge in the area, weighed 552 gms, 15 mm bursa, class 2 W shield with a very wrinkled bill, M2 under wing coverts, is probably a ? by leg length. YIG- weight, 469 gms, feet somewhat swollen at joints, this was not so with the preceding bird. Shield class 1/F, but slightly wrinkled, bursa-no satisfactory redding. PBIP-weight 520 gms, shield class 3 F, bursa ? mm. Feet without sores, probably ? by leg length. At 5:15 p.m. watching my flock of birds, YIG and YIG are defending one corner of the pool. PIG giving the male? pubk and YIG giving an occasional pookk. Feeding on spoiled apple and apple peelings, the ? takes preference but breaks off pieces for his mate. But when he leaves to chase another bird she feeds awhile. Both are taking turns at defending territory. A little while ago, both were in their usual corner under the tree fern, but were not actively defending territory, in fact three or four coots, plus the two mallards, were in their area most of the time. Jan 14 Lake Tomacoc, Alameda Co., Calif. - Two nest material samples taken- #1, top of a nest, with much mud and fecal debris present. #2, next lower

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Fulica americana 168. Jan 14 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. layer, probably never in contact with nesting birds. Both samples from nest marked "A" on page 161- being at position P16.3. 2 pairs on territory, one pair in the NE corner of the lake, by the dam, the other along B from 23 to 29. At the moment few other roosts seem to be evident on the lake. - Later - most are at the SE end, there being 15 these birds w/13E, w/3E, 2 G/R were seen. Sample #3 taken from top of nest which was apparently not heavily used as a brood nest, hence with not much fecal waste on it - nest at T6.3 - position "B" on page 161. Notes two birds showing interest in the area SE of the rocks -, but still not enough water there for real territory rights - as bird was seen cackling at P19-facing N, but no other bird was closer than @24, where a pair were feeding- this cackling bird could have been one of the pair earlier seen around the Rock. Rato, a pair was at NW end of lake, behind the floats, coming out of there, a male call was heard. Apparently 3 of the 7 known sex birds have been definitely lost - hope the other four hang on. - Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. - This morning I dumped about a little over a half gummy sac of assorted lettuce leaves, onions,

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Fulica americana 169 Jan 14 Eliso, Calif., Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. cauliflower leaves, parsley etc into the pond. By 1 p.m. all except the parsley, cauliflower and beet leaves had been cleaned up. So at about 4:30 p.m. I dumped in another pail full of greens, mostly turnip tops, lettuce and onions. The birds immediately sailed into the food and were frenzy tearing things apart. There seems to be a definite pattern of preferences of the foods offered: Swiss chard rates first, then in order lettuce, especially the white base, veins; onion greens and bulbs; cabbage leaves, but not the veins; apples, potatoe peels, carrot tops, cauliflower leaves, the green parts without the veins; beet tops, and lastly, parsley. On the least lot a cucumber- and some turnip tops and celery were thrown in but I haven't had time to observe the preference ratings. I also noted today that several birds were picking up plant debris and searching underneath for insects etc. That seems to be a behavior common to most or all coots. They seem to eat more grain when an abundant greens supply is present, but grain is secondary to the greens. I have noticed a very definite upsowing in the amount of food

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Illinois 950 Fulica americana 170 Jan 4 Univ Calif Campus, Alameda Co, Calif.- material in the area, also that it is more solidly formed pellets, bright green whereas previously the feces seemed to all be an yellow olive color, or more properly, a brown ochre. The birds in general seem to be much more active. - Noted 1604 being less violent about territory defense, but once he picked up a stick and carried it about two feet towards 38 before dropping it. A little later he picked up another twig and dropped it into the water. I noticed also that another stick had been dropped in the water nearly sometime previously. He gave two very loud "pukks" a few minutes later while resting upon the E ramp. There was little evidence of territory defense today, but rather pairing behaviour Jan 16 same locality - 18B - weighed, #5 456 gmo, remaining stubs off primaries and secondaries pulled. None of three regenerated primaries are normal, one is nearly full size, but the other two are about 1/2 size, warped and wavy, very much altered from normal. Leg length 127 , shield 2 SS, legs G, wunder wing coverts M3, bursa 20 mm. Jan 17 same locality - Until the last couple days, two scoops of grain have

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Julien 1950 Fulica americana 171 Jan 17 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Cal. - have never been completely cleaned up during the course of 24 hours -- especially grain in the water remained for three or more days. But since I have started feeding them all the greens they can take, grain consumption has risen so that the two scoops put in last evening, one on land and one in the water, were completely gone by 4:45 p.m. today. No grain anywhere in the area. So I put in two cans (four scoops) this evening. About all that's left of yesterday's greens are the onions and some of the turnip tops. Dumped a half sac in this evening, mostly of lettuce leaves. Apparently their hunger for greens is finally satisfied for they are showing very little interest in feeding now. Two birds, O/B and O/G have lost 1 tag apiece. LB/G seems to have one bad leg, that is the ex-malasia test bird. The whole lot of birds seem to be plenty frisky. 5:15 p.m. - S/B was in the corners unto the fern, with her head down and tail spreadle in a polygon plane, making a low

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Fulica americana 172 millions 1950 Jan 18 Univ. Calif. Campus Alameda Co. Cal. [illegible] died last night from undetermined causes. In very poor shape, breast in extreme thin condition - blood smear taken of kidney blood, leg, wing, gonad, syrinx, cloaca saved. Spleen normal, body cavity well stained by bile perhaps the result of having been dead for awhile. [illegible] also saved upper mandible also saved. Jan 20 same locality. V3G & V3B counting at 10:10 a.m. - V3G-0 came up to F V3B, she bowed, he bowed, head to head, he started nibbling at the feather of her head, and occasionally at her bill. When he'd stop a moment she'd start vigorously nibbling at his head feathers until he'd be attentive again. Several other birds were close by, within two or three feet of them, paying no attention. The whole proceeding lasted about 5 minutes, was silent. She dropped one wing and it quivered some. When they parted, he got aggressive with two nearby birds driving them away, then settled down to turn over litter seeking insects along with at least 3 other birds. V3B has lost one tag, XE has lost both tags. B1O seems to be limping badly. Jack Parker brought in tags from VW - note with tags (by Leopold) "Jack Parker - found Sat. Jan 8, 1950, 14 mi NE of Jewel Lake. Thinks it

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Fulica Americana 173 Jan 20 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Was a fox (remains near trail, fox hair on nearby barbed wire; many feathers left, Tag among the feathers)". Jack Parker Found Sat Jan 8, 1958 1/4 mi. NE of Jewel Lake Think it was a fox (remains near trail, fox hair on nearby barbed wire; many feathers left, Tag among the feathers) Jan 22 Jewel Lake, 510 ft. Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Six coots on the lake today, none of them tagged. I'm not even sure that I can have seen the B bird with only the safety pin remaining. Territory behavior is not well developed. A couple of instances of possible territoriality were observed (see next page) but on the whole little defense or aggression was noted. The pair (from which both ♂ + ♀ notes have been heard) occupying the S end both have swollen shields, at least one of the two birds in the NW corner seemed to have a swollen shield. Two more birds, both of which have been chased at the NW corner, did not appear to have swollen shields, but this I must check further.

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GULLION 1950 Tulica americana -174- Jan 22 BM + 509.70' Scale 0 50 100' JEWEL LAKE Tilden Regional Pa Contra Costa Co., Calif. apparently neutral ground neutral 2 birds remained generally concealed here neutral 3 m & not from birds in this area. conflict area of territory conflict chase. N

Eubica americana 175 Jan 22 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Cal. at 12:25 p.m. a momentary conflict occurred at D12. One bird challenged another, the second accepted the challenge and churned momentarily, quickly the another bird charged out of the nearby cat-tails and the second bird hastily moved off towards F12. Notes could not be heard because of the noisy waterfall behind me. 12:27-another short charge from C13 to D14 chased one of three intruders out away, Now Two birds are back to C14 while the defending birds are in the cat-tails: One of the defending birds crossed from D12 to E9, showing no interest in the birds at C14. Now those two have joined a board at H15.-At least 4 of the 6 birds on the lake have swollen frontal shields, and one definitely lacks it.- One bird apparently lacking the swollen shield, moved around the corners at M25.22, promptly gave the alarm signal with its tail upright, and turned to go to M27. No bird came out of that corner to pursue it, but one must have been threatening from in to cat-tails.- Later, a bird with a pin was seen at A8- had a swollen shield- as it moved out it gave a high pitched "peuk" moving out from B7 around to D12 where it joined a "pooonzing"

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Fulica americana 176 Jan 22 Jewel Lake 5/10 ft., Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Cal. Birds. Shortly afterwards it charged and splatted after another bird, driving it to F18. 1:15 p.m. - two birds, one much smaller than the other, crossed from F9 to C10 - neither giving a note - the shield on the smaller bird is flat but of its larger companion, swollen. The larger bird moved on down along the cat-tails, towards C14 - but seemed to have been intercepted tho I am not sure - a momentary conflict occurred with splashing - A bird with swollen shield and tail in semi- spread condition - feeding at I5. Now 1:25 p.m. - Two pairs active - One pair with pinned bird working out from D12, across to F10 - driving aside a small bird at F10 - another single bird w/swollen shield (SS) moving around in area D+E 14+15.- another bird w/SS active in area G&H 4+5. 1:30 p.m., pinned bird at G8 giving a very high pitched "purrch", a vigorous note. A wire is dangling from this pin, if it is a single wire then the bird may be B, if [illegible] double its one of the known sex birds. Whatever bird it is, it is at least most interested in this Sand as a territory. The way the pin hangs on the bird leads me to suspect it is not B. This bird at 1:55 rather vigorously chased another bird out from

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Eliot 80 Turdica americana 177 Jan 22 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. C/2.G. Jan 23 Univ. Calif Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. - hatching the birds today - saw X/C bowing with an untagged bird for a couple of minutes, then moving over a few feet to bow with BE/G, and finally bowing with Y/G. The head nibbling and all were observed. The sex of BE/G + the pinned bird are unknown, but both X/C + Y/G are assumed σθ. Jan 25 same locality - Y/LBδ and LB/Pδ busily nibbling at one another the morning. Y/LBδ seems to be the most insistent nibbler. For a moment BEθ also nibbled at LB/Pδ while Y/LB was nibbling unnoted. Now 8:43 a.m. LB/P has moved a couple of feet and is nibbling with VG/BYθ. LG/Brθ + Br/LBθ were nibbling, the latter doing most of it. 8:46 - Br/LBθ bowing with R/Brθ also VG/BYθ is a third partner, a pinned bird is bowing with BR. LB/Pδ is now nibbling with X/Eθ. For a moment LG/Brθ nibbled at X/Brθ. Now X/W is nibbling very insistently at a pinned bird. 169- surely an adult bird, has a badly battered bill. Bird formerly tagged B/X but with no notes based on that tag - retagged P/LB. Bird formerly tagged O/G (74) w/ no known notes based on that tag, retagged O/LB - this is especially appropriate since two other birds are tagged with O/G combinations with considerable similarity. O/Br - lost one tag, both put back on with double copper style-

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Gullin 1950 Tucica americana 178 Jan 25 Univ. Caly. Campus Alameda Co., Calif. weight of the bird 4 1/4 grams, a little drop from last time it was weighed. Weight of Y16 - 517 grams - a gain from the last time it was weighed, and nearly its normal weight. Frontal shield 455- a recent change. legs becoming Y6-no longer G - bill is closing and eyes are somewhat but not heavily flecked - still gray - brown feathers on head and neck, smaller wing coverts becoming M2 in place of earlier M1; feet have lost swelling. L610-weighed 406 grams - a gain-safety pin nearly torn out on this bird, tho both tags, with single copper wire are in good shape. Pin reattached lower on the neck. V39-weight 548 grams- lost one tag of a double copper pair. Has a big featherless knot on neck where tag is. Frontal shield 455 - under-wing coverts M2, legs green, eye pretty clear red, bursa .15 mm leg length 131 mm. The lost tag on this bird had worn thru the copper-wire by bouncing around. The wire holding the other tag is well worn in at least four places, but my clamping on the wire, I think this wear will be reduced. Apparently no great change in the frontal shield of this bird. V58-weighed 439 grams, one tag gone, pin nearly torn out of skin - will leave it tho since these tags are to be replaced with vinylite tags in the near future. X18-both tags

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llion 50 179 Fulica americana Jan 25 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. -found and put on with double copper wire. G/B-sexed ♀, estrogen tab placed under skin behind incision. Wound dusted with sulfanilamide. Weight-464 grams. C- weight-548 grams, sexed ♂, testosterone pellet put under skin. Punctured air sac going in-testes small, hidden under large intestine had a little trouble finding it, probably about 4 mm long, and at least 2mm in diameter. Used sulfanilamide on wound. YLB-weighs 497 grams-sexed ♂, no trouble, but like the last ♂, testes was fairly small and hard to locate. Powdered insides with sulfanilamide and placed 2 small pellets of testosterone under skin to rear of incision. No fat on any of these three birds. X/P seems to have left the area, it had the unclipped wings. Cw-weighs 382 grams, sexed-estrogen under skin. Jan 26 Gray Lodge Refuge, 800 ft. Butte Co., Calif. watching birds this afternoon, ample evidence of an early stage of territory behavior. No violent encounters noted but 15 or more pairs were on territory, threatening their neighbors some, but apparently not actually attacking them. Many of the birds are sitting on the water in charging position, or with their tails spread, or both. A great deal of "puffing" heard, also a few "ponks". But the "punk's" must be

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illion 1950 Euloca americana '80 Jan 26 Gray Lodge Refuge, Butte Co., Calif. Initially concerned with territory behavior. The frontal shields seem to be somewhat swollen on every bird exhibiting any real degree of territoriality. 1 instance of paired display, no tangle tho - one later comes from one pair came in cackling. Two birds ganged up on a third as it invaded in close to the center of their territory. - These coots are generally shy and readily fly when closely approached. Many jump into the air from the ground to fly away. After they drop limply into the cat-tails, at other times flying to water - but seldom in a climbing flight, usually a level or dropping flight after initial take off. Both 2a & notes were heard, as well as some cackling. Birds seem paired and on territory along the waterways, but mostly not paired on the larger open pools. All birds defending territory that could be at all closely examined possessed the swollen shield. Jan 27 same locality - After watching yesterday afternoon and this morning it seems apparent that the coots at Gray Lodge are in the same stage of territoriality that the birds in the Bay area are. Jan 28 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Of the foods offered today, lettuce

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Fulica americana 181 'm 28 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. green and purple cabbage, carrot tops and grass, so far only the lettuce has drawn interest. So far the several birds have shown little interest in feeding, they may all be satisfied, there was very little left of the foods I put in the last time. Even the soft yellow cucumber like squash was cleared up. All except the rind. The celery stalks and some purple cabbage eles remained behind. 16-first of birds taken yesterday at Gray Lodge Refuge-syrinx, cloaca saved in alchol?, caeca, spleen and teolis saved in Bovins. Caeca contained a white food mass, undergoing digestion. Huge gizzard 80 x 40 mm., small cavity of food, about 75% of stomach contents got. Mrs. Voge has found flukes in syringel and Mass pharyngeal areas. 17-?, with wrinkled foetal shield, found 7 large Monostome flukes in the area corsal and ? ventral to the heart. Saved. Syrinx, cloaca in alcohol, ovary in Bovins. Couldnt find a bursa during dissection- Caeca filled with white and green material. This bird, like the forme, is in good shape. Full breast and some fat in mesenteries etc. No fat under skin on either bird however. Also a large.

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Fulica americana 182 Jan 27 Illus. Calif. Campus Alameda Cal. Calif. gizzard on this bird. Spleen of both birds apparently normal. 18-♂, testes put in Bouin, testes small undeveloped. Cloaca, syrinx etc saved, 5 Mono tones found among membranes surrounding peri- cardial cavity; 1 more among mesenteries in mid-kidney area. Breast full, some fat on skin, some in other parts also. No Trematodes in nasal sinuses of 18. Cestodes found in both 16 & 17. Blood smear made of 17 from heart. Bird 19- no Trematodes found in body or in nasal area. Gut put aside for Mrs. Voge—naval parts saved, testes in Bouin. Spleen normal, gall bladder big, as is apparently normal, gizzard again huge. Bird 20-♂, no Trematodes found. Gut saved for Mrs. Voge. Naval parts saved—testes in Bouin. Large gizzard, large gall bladders. No Parva found—don't think it's there. Full breasted and fattest of the lot. Had a lead pellet in the flesh just dorsal to cloaca.—Haven't time to do more birds so the rest will have to go into the courtyard pen. Jan 29 same locality—Noted this morning that the some lettuce still was in the pool, all the grass thrown out had been cleared up. Also it appears that most of the carrot tops are gone. All the lettuce on the ground seems to be gone.

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Fulica americana 183 July 1950 Jan 29 Univ. Calif Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Bird 21 - ♂, no Trematodes, gut saved for Mrs. Voge. Tip of one caeca saved in Bouins. Usual tissues and parts saved. Couldn't find much in the way of a bursa, found one pin sized deal about 10 mm long that might be it, but it was awesly to small to probe. Big gizzard and gall bladder, as apperth is normal. Bird 22 - ♀, no trematodes, gut saved for Mrs. Voge. Bursa large eough to be probed - 22 mm. Usual parts saved. Gizzard and gall bladder large. Bird 23 - ♂, 2 Trematodes in nasal sinuses between eyes - also found at least 6 small mites in the tissues directly in the mid-line between the eyes. At least 4 of them preserved in alechol.. No haematodes in body cavity, gut saved for Mrs. Voge. Gizzard normal 80 x 50 mm, mostly muscle. Bursa present, 30 mm long. Usual tissues saved. Bird 24 - the leg of this bird, being typical green, is nearest to Ridgway's "Yellowish oil green". ♀, no parasites, usual parts saved. Lots of fat on this animal - couldn't find a definite bursa. Bird 25 - ♂, couldn't find a bursa, usual parts saved, no parasites present. Very fat, fat under skin and throughout the body. Spleen normal, live with a mottling, piece fixed in Bouins, gizzard and gall bladder Normal large.

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Fulica americana 184 Jan 29 Univ Calif Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Bird 26 - J, something black in thoracic air sac, saved in Borins fix. Fluke in one caeca. Gizzard 70 x 42 x @ 29 mm. Usual structures saved, small bursa present not large enough to probe. Flukes also found in nasal sinuses. Bird 27 - J, gizzard 70 x 45 x 40 mm. Mrs. Vogt found a tick in the head area, otherwise no parasites found in this bird. Neither this nor the preceding birds were as fat as the earlier birds. 26 had a small 1 cm diverticulum from the mid-section of the small intestine. Usual parts of 27 saved. Bursa could not be definitely located - if present then it is pin sized and about 10 mm long. Watching the birds in the courtyard - all the lettuce except a little floating in the water is gone, coots are now busy diving on carrot tops (first choice) and cabbage (green) the second choice. The four birds (only 3 seen) having the hormone implants don't seem to be acting any different than normal. BX4 was struggling at some cat-tail for awhile, and then fiddled around picking sticks up. Jan 30 Same locality - Purple cabbage in courtyard not touched, most of carrot tops, all lettuce, most of apples gone. Some green cabbage left but that is heavily eaten upon.

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Fulica americana 185 Jan 30 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Bird 28 - 29 color by Ridgway "Dull yellow-green". ? testis in Bovins leg, wing, bill, cloaca but not syrinx saved - don't think I'll fool with any more syringes. Bursa pin sized, about 15 mm long, white. Frontal shield 7.55 photographed in black & white. No parasites found in gross examination, gut put aside for MsO. Voge. Digest full, normal, as was gall bladder & spleen. Bird 29 ?, sizable bursa. Syrinx not saved, but enlarged as is typical of ? syrinx. Found an ulcer near the duodenal pylorus of the gizzard with 12-20 very small nematodes in it. Tissue discolored and had a rotten smell to it, area about the size of a dime - no flukes in nasal or body cavities. This bird had some fat on the neck area. The earlier mid-28. had very little fat on it. Bird 30 - a fluke found in nasal sinuses, but no other flukes found. Cloaca torn in skinning so that a bursa could not be found. All of usual parts but syrinx saved. Testis in Bovins Bird 31- ?, gonad, leg, wing, cloaca, bill saved. Found one fluke in nasal sinus, an ulcer loaded with nematodes in the gizzard, plus another ulcer of undetermined origin. Bursa present and measurable. Take others

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Fulica americana 186 Jan 30 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. from this lot, the bird is in good physical condition. A large fluke was found in the body cavity near the kidney. Bird 32-♂, 3 flukes taken from nasal sinuses, found a large ulcer near pylorus loaded with small nematodes. Bird generally in good shape otherwise. Testes in Bovins, leg, wing dried, bill, cloaca in alcohol—bursa present 25 mm long, but narrow and white, not ♀ large flabby and gray as most are. Bird 33-♂, cloaca, bill saved, wing & leg dried. Testes & syrinx not saved. No nematodes in nasal sinus or body cavity, but ulcer with nematodes found in gizzard near pylorus. Blood smear taken from subclavian area. Bursa gray, flabby, 32 mm long. Bird 34-♀, cloaca, ovary, bill in alcohol, leg-wing dried, syrinx enlarged as expected. Three flukes found in nasal sinuses, ulcer with nematodes in gizzard.—Although I hadn't looked specifically for these ulcers in earlier birds I am sure none were present since I have cleaned each one for future gastronomic purposes and had they been present I would have found them. Jan 31 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif.— Handling the courtyard birds today, 3 of the four selected birds are in good

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Illinois 1950 Fulica Americana 187 Jan 31 Unio Cal Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. shape, but Xc is badly located. Both O O - LB/Y & Yc have greatly swollen frontal shields these being the two birds with testosterone implants. Neither of the two Q Q show any particular enlargement of the frontal shield from estrogen implants. Both of the O O previously had flat shields of class 2 or 3. Now both of the shields are swollen larger than is normally seen in the field. LB/G - weight - 467 grams large swelling on foot foot filled with a orange liquid and a white cheese like material into Zenker. Frontal shield - 7 F, 1 fluke in nasal sinuses, legs almost YG, The bird is full breasted with quite a bit of fat on it apparently in top-top shape. Caroid gland saved in Zenker. O Bursa large, white, 35 mm long, A fairly extensive ulcerative area in this birds gizzard, apparently infected with nematodes as in the others. Section of ulcer plus a brain tissue smear put in Zenker. O/LB - weight 528 grams, knoed out by compressing air sac and then allowed to recover. Put out in courtyard to see how complete recovery is from this treatment, LG/G - F#1 weight 411 grams. legs green. Q, at least 5 flukes taken from nasal sinus, 2 from

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Fulica americana 188 Jan31 Univ. Calif. Campus Alameda Co. Calif. The thoracic area - one of those from the membranes covering the heart, the other from the side of the post vena cava at the level of the anterior loop of the intestine. 3E R - the bird with the primaries gone on one & wing, now has the 7 missing primaries about 3/4 developed. (The previously killed bird was full breasted with a lot of fat on it) This bird in very good condition - had quite coarse gravel in gizzard, also an ulcer with nematodes in the usual location. Both wings, 1 leg saved; cloaca & bill in alcohol, testes in Bowins. These birds that have been in the courtyard seem to be in better physical shape smell less strongly than those fresh from Gray Lodge. None of the garlic odor is apparent in those. 2G/5 - had a large cestode in the gut. 3ER had a large 32 mm white flabby bursa. The intestines of Bird 34 - killed yesterday, were not examined for parasites. 6EW - had at. least 2 flukes and 3 mites in nasal sinuses. Mite put with others in alcohol. Very fat, gobs of fat under skin and in intestinal areas. Bursa big, white, 40mm deep. Nematode containing ulcers in normal position. 7G/8E - 4 flukes in nasal passages, 1 fluke in membranes near body wall at posterior edge of sternum,

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Welleri 1950 Fulica americana 189 Jan 31 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Nematode in an ulcer in the gizzard in usual place. Usual parts except syrinx saved. ♂- testes in Bursa - the duodenum of all the birds, except 34, that have been killed in the past 4 days, have been worked over for helminths. [illegible], no flukes found, extensive area of nematode ulcer in gizzard in usual location. Testes in Bursa, bursa present but not probed. Usual parts saved. ♀ P- /fluke in nasal area, 1 in thoracic area, ♀ usual nematode ulcer in gizzard. Usual parts saved. Bursa white, long and narrow - 32 mm probed. W# - 5 flukes on one side in nasal sinuses, 3 flukes in membranes about heart, at least 4 different looking flukes found in mesenteries of gut - there last four look somewhat like the nasal flukes but are white while the nasal ones are orange. Usual nematode infection present. Cloaca, ovary, bill, wing & leg saved. Syrinx enlarged as is typical for ♀♀. B#1LB - 1 fluke found in body cavity just anterior to testis. Some date deals in proventriculus, whole structure quite vascular - the works fixed in Zenkers. Nematode ulcer in usual place. Gut saved for further exam. Bursa very slender, broken in removal figured to be about 25 mm long. Old tag on [illegible] replaced with newest

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Fulica americana 190 Jan 31 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. style vinylite tag. Feb 1 same locality - #28 - frontal shield class 8 SS, probably a ? so I want to sex this bird and make a testosterone implant. It is a ♀, a testosterone pellet was placed under the skin to the rear of the incision. Normal ovary with follicles up to about 2 mm in diameter. Legs green slightly on the yellow side, no brown on upper leg. R/Bt weight, 469 grams. no parasites found in this animal, not even the usual nematodes in the gizzard. Bursa large, 32 mm, white flabby. 3 cestodes in intestine. heavy layers of fat under skin. XBL- ♂, heavy layer of fat under skin, no flukes found, no nematodes in gizzard, bursa pin like, but 25 mm long. Syrinx small as typical with males, about 2 mm in diameter, heavy fat throughout body. XBL - ♀, no fat under skin, not in as prime condition as the last two. 7 flukes taken from nasal passages, ulcers with nematodes, 1 fluke from syringed area, syringe 6 mm in diameter, bursa small, pin like, 22 mm long. #29 - ♂, heavy layer of fat under skin, bursa gray flabby 28 mm long, no flukes but normal nematode ulcer. Testis of this and XBL not saved. Syringe 3 mm lateral as longest diameter. Testis small. Leg, wing, cloaca, bill saved.

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Illinois 950 Eulais americana 191 Feb 1 Univ. Calif Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Xc, ♂, no flukes or nematodes. Syringis in Bonins, leg, wing, cloaca + bill saved. Fat layer under skin, in generally good shape, ♀/♂ weight 5/8 grams, ♂, 1 fluke in nasal area, 2 in [illegible] syringeal area, nematode ulcer in geizzard. Bursa white flabby, 42 mm long. Syringis small. Fat under skin and lots of fat around intestines. ♀/♂- weight 491 grams, 1 ♀ fluke in nasal area, many (25-30) mites in nasal passages, no flukes in body cavity, nematode ulcer present in menal place. Syringis small as for males. guts saved for parasite examination, tests not saved, cloaca saved, narrow pin like 32 mm long. All the nematode ulcers are alike, a blood colored "scab" of the gizzard lining with little reddish worm burrows radiating out from it, generally about 20 mm from the pyloris. Often the ulcers are 10 mm or more across, with the bulk of the worms under the "scab". A few are out in the burrows working in the mucosa, and those are particularly difficult to remove. Feb 2 Same locality - 6/10-weight 463 after being without food or water for nearly 24 hours. Frontal shield 45S, bursa 26 mm, gray, flabby, 3 flukes in nasal passages. Nematode

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Illion 1950 Fulica americana 192 Feb 2 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. - ulcer is the usual location in the gizzard. PS - weight after 24 hours w/o food or water - 459 grams. 1 fluke in nasal sinuses, usual nematode ulcer in gizzard, bursa 22 mm. but pin like. Oviduct large, a section saved in Bonins. Both this and the earlier bird were very fat. A blood smear was made from 6/0 - the blood being from the cut wing stump. Ovary from PS saved in Bonins. O/LB - weight 512 grams. Bursa, gray, [illegible] 32 mm long. 2 flukes from nasal sinus. [illegible] nematode Presence or absence of nematode ulcer not definitely determined, but I think one was present. LG/0 - weight 381 grams, 1 fluke in nasal sinuses, 5 in membrane about heart, usual nematode ulcers in gizzard. Bursa pin like, 22 mm long, white and slender. ?, ovary not saved. PX-?, 4 flukes in nasal cavities, 1 in the heart region. Others with nematodes in gizzard. This bird as all three done today, was in good shape with lots of fat on it. As with all its birds from the courtyard, its gizzard was smaller than the bird fresh from Gray Lodge. Gizzard or [illegible] measured 50x35x22 mm. LB - frontal shield 7SS.

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Illinois 1950 Fulica americana 193 Feb 2 Univ Calif Campus, Alameda Co., Calif.- Y/G - a 10 SS frontal shield. P/O - green legs, 1SS frontal shield. BG - frontal shield 7 SS. Y/LB - frontal shield now nearest to class 3. swelling is mostly at rear of shield, with quite an area of new-looking, fresh red coloring, legs green. This bird has become exceedingly nasty tempered. X/W- shows no change, frontal shield does not seem to be swollen or affected, legs green. Shield about class 1. LG/Bs - shield class 10 - may be slightly swollen on posterior portion. Legs green. XC - frontal shield shape of class 10 but 1/2 x 14 mm a truly swollen shield in all respects. A good deal of fresh color in it. I tried puncturing this bird in several positions to deflate it some but was not particularly successful. ch afraid it will succumb to the bloated condition: Feb 3 same locality - Bird 35- F, killed because it lacked a frontal shield. Syrinx unlabeled in alcohol, bill & bursa in alcohol, leg swig dried, ovary in Borini's. No examination made for parasites. Large flabby oviduct, bursa as small 22 mm long but about the diameter of the probe, other words, pin sized. This bird had no fat on it. Apparently the last week of

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Feb 3 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Cal. Confinement took all the fat off all of these birds since they are all very [illegible] light. Bird 36- accidentally killed with ether. f, leg, wing, bill, bursa saved; bursa large, gray fleably, 30 mm long. This bird was shiny like the preceding one. No examination made for parasites. Lake Tamescal, +20ft, Alameda Co., Cal.- At least 3 of the known red birds are apparently still present. W|BL q/2 a still [illegible], and another bird that has lost its tag, pin and all, is staying close to W|BL. Five unclipped, unseved birds released about 1 p.m. 3 of them immediately flew to the S end of the lake, while the other two remained near the dam. The two birds having territory there made several charges at these birds, but just when they'd get close enough to peck, they'd see the tags and wear off. After about five minutes they were still staying close by the intruders but had not yet pressed home an attack. Two of the other tagged birds immediately joined a flock of tagged birds and started feeding on grass out of the water. At least 3 pairs are defending territory and maybe more are. Defense is active and encompassing sizable areas. Each of the birds defending territory has a swollen

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Fulica americana 195 Feb 3 Lake Temescal 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. frontal shield. No other bird has been observed yet today having this. R with 12 birds, including & w/BE and the lost tagbird at D 35, swimming N to be met by the pair defending the Dam area. All of these tagged birds have lost the swollen character of their frontal shields since having been put on this lake. Most of as all of their front shields now look flat or perhaps slightly swollen. Lake Merritt, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. Bird 496-716 48 - released at Suisun City, Solano Co., Calif. December 11, 1949, was seen in the fenced area today. It has lost both tags, but the copper wires and pin are still in place. 496-71610- from Lake Temescal is in the fenced area. Watching it, I saw it pick up pigeon and gull feces. 496/7162 also from Lake Temescal is in the fenced area. A very old looking bird with reddish yellow legs, a very roundly swollen frontal shield carried a band, probably size 7, on which the numbers 600861 could be distinguished. No series number was seen although that part of the band could be clearly seen and did not seem unusually worn. & from Lake Temescal, seen on the water on its west edge of the refuge. Feb 4 Lewis Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. a dead crayfish thrown into the coot area several days ago still.

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Fulica americana 196 llroi 750 Feb 4 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Cal.- Seems symmolested. X C + Y/ G both apparently male, are browing to one another, and Y/G is nibbling around the dangles of XC . Despite lettuce, spinach, grasses and chick- weed (?), all fresh in the water, the birds prefer to pick over the week old carrot tops etc. Some green cabbage and all of the purple cabbage seems to remain unmolested. Having laid out lettuce, carrot tops, beet tops, spinach, grass (app ?) and chick-weed (?) in separate piles, the carrots tops seem to be attracting the most attention, the lettuce ranks a close second, spinach is third. The grass and chickweed have only been sampled by one or two birds, the beet tops haven't even been pecked at. Y/ LB was carrying sticks, also went through a fast but vigorously "billing" episode with P/O. For the most part these birds are too full and satisfied to do much feeding. Of course that condition will give a clue to their preferences, since a hungry lot would show little preference until nearly satisfied. All their feeding has been on the ground. They have shown no interest in the food floating in the water. Y/ LB has become aggressive

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Illinois 750 Fulica americana 197 2b-4 Unis. Calif. Campus Alameda Co. Calif. with other birds, having in the past minute routed both YG and XC from a favored spot. Also XKB just packed another stick to the same place, a pool of standing water. YG and XKG are now bowing and bill nibbling. XBG has its head under YG's breast while the latter nibbles. Now XC + XBG are nibbling at one another with bowing etc. Feb 6 Stow Lake Golden Gate Park San Francisco Calif. One pinned bird seen on west side island, near position where a pinned bird was seen earlier. Two birds were seen together, one crowing the other cackling. I couldn't determine which was doing what but one of the birds had a frontal shield fully as swollen as the bird given testosterone on the campus. There seems to be some territory defense going on here, Tho most of it is away from so what I would term suitable territory since there is no emergent vegetation concerned. Several pairs have small areas "blocked" off, are bowing to another and nibbling. XBG/PB seen feeding with several other birds on grass and picking up grit from the walks NE of the island. Both tags still on this bird. A third once tagged bird with only the scar left was feeding in the

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Fulica americana 198 Feb 6. Stow Lake, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Calif. area with B/PB. This bird is [illegible] banded I can't get a good enough look at the band to tell what number it is .. - Lake Merritt, Alameda Co., Calif.. -496-71610, 496-71624 + 496-71648 all seen in the fenced area today, as well as S. - Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- M?, Q, &/W plus the lost tag bird were all seen, all but B/W together at 42. None of the five tagged birds released last week were seen and I doubt that they are here. Feb 7 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif.- Shelf classes and conditions- class. condition 1 F. flat W. indicates wrinkling SS 2 slightly swollen S-swollen. 3 class 11 see p.202 4 -12-15 5 class 12 p.409 6

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Pullori 1950 Fulica americana 199 Feb 7 Admiral Calif. Campus Alameda Co. Calif.- 164 walked directly up to W84 bowed and then started to nibble at her breast feathers, she turned away, ignoring the gesture. A moment later-125 x16 were bowing and billing. 91B + 134 are both tugging at sticks and pulling litter around. For the most part these birds are quite still and inactive, they seem content to just sit and preen or nap. Once in a while they saunter over to peck at some greens. X6 is still alive, looks as tho it may be in better condition than earlier. -Berkeley Aquatic Park, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif.- One bird with tags gone but pin and tangling copper-wires still on the pond, seen in the "Duck Refuge" area with about 10 other birds. Neither of the birds released here the other day ever been seen today. In all, 103 coots were counted on the pond, about half of what have been seen here previously this winter. Feb 8 Admiral Calif. Campus Alameda Co., Calif.- Discovered today that two birds have worn tags-2/3 - one bird from Oct 31 to Nov. 26, the other from early January to Jan. 31. An oversight on my part. B8% being the 1 with the testosterone pellet, at noon today seems quite concerned about a piece of cat-tail leaf she has in the corner of the courtyard.

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Felicia americana 208 Ullio 188 Feb 8 Ullio, Calif. Campus Alameda Co., Calif. Also FW was noted making aggressive passes at VO and chasing PIO some distance. Feb.9 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Tilden Park Contra Costa Co., Calif. There are apparently 6 coots here today. One bird defending the N area has a pin only, looks like the same bird that was in the S portion the last time I was here. Examination of the cat-tails in the area ABC 11 to 16 revealed no sign of a definite platform or structure made by a coot. One deal at in A14 could possibly be a coot structure but I doubt it. While wading and searching a pair of birds remained on the open water nearby, showing a little concern but making no demonstration. Just now one bird was heard crowing while an accompanying bird was giving a "pools" note! The pinned bird in the N area was heard giving a low and a high note, but both with a nasal quality. Incidentally, the crowing first heard was by a bird lately moved from new D14 to E25. Three birds came back along the east side to C17, whereupon the S turned upon the 3rd bird and drove it away. The pinned bird is moving across from L21 to K27 chasing another coot, but causing a pair of mallards and a golden-eye some concern. While two red-tail hawks soared overhead, two Ruby

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Eulica Americana Feb 9 Jewel Sale, 510 ft., Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Ducks showed a great deal of concern but the costs gave none. Once the two birds of the S pair were billing and bowing and nibbling near H14. I worked over the area M-Q 24-25 and LMN 21,22,23 looking for any sign of a platform constructed by costs but found no definite evidence. Several rafts of material were seen, all evidently of natural origin, some showing signs of animal use but no evidence of construction activity. While I was working in that north end all the costs moved down to the S end. Several instances of combat were observed, mostly charging but once a display was given. A bird that I believe to be a male charged one bird but did not hotly press the attack, rather displaying, immediately its mate came out from F9, crossed to C11, passing close to but ignoring the displaying bird and attached one of two birds behind the cat-tails there, driving it out to E 12. Territory defense is progressing but not very strictly. I have seen no evidence of aggressiveness against any thing but costs. Some times the ducks are in the way and have to hurry to keep from being trampled, but I have not yet seen a duck attacked directly. Feb 11 Ullin Calif Campus Alameda Co., Calif. X16 tax directly up to W4, bowed, and

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Fulica americana 202 Feb 11 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co. Calif. put its head under the latter's chest. They remained in that position for about one minute, with VG making occasional pecks at Y/G's head. None of the other birds seemed to be concerned with these doings. Xw and LG/Bs seem to be in conflict, with Xw chasing the latter— also Xc seems to be in general disagreement with several other birds. Both BP and XR examined today. No sign of prolatin pellet left, but I believe the frontal shields on both birds are enlarged somewhat. The both were in the SS class condition when implanted, now they are both in a moderate S condition. No evident enlargement of the colored area yet. B/G—weight 437 grams, frontal shield now 6S up from 8SS in 11 days. Legs yellow-green. BG—weight 553 grams, frontal shield 3SS, legs green. Y/LB—weight 544 grams, frontal shield very large, a new class 11- being 12x15 mm. Of course the shield is -12-, 's very swollen. W8—weight 417 grams, frontal shield 23SS. Y/G, weight 540 grams, legs YG, shield 10 SS. LG/Bs, weight 466 grams, legs YG, shield 10 SS. VG—weight 557 grams, legs YG, shield 6S. Legs almost yellow on this bird. P/IO—weight 438 grams.

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Fulica americana 203 Feb.11 Univ. Calif. Campus Alameda Co. Calif. shield 1 SS, legs yellow green. w- weight, 378 grams, leg green Frontal shield 7 F. XC weight 601 grams legs YG shield 11 S. The Shield on this bird is very large, more of the shape of class 9, but the size of class 11. -Aquatic Park, Berkeley Alameda Co. Calif. 103 coots counted on the lake, one pinned bird seen but no tagged birds seen. I believe I saw every cost on the lake and examined it with binoculars. Feb 15 Univ. Calif. Campus Alameda Co., Calif.-? LB/P died during the morning in the pen. It was alive but weak at 8 a.m., dead and cold at 11:30a.m. Placed several foods before them. Some mushrooms, leaves of indian tobacco, poison hemlock, chickweed and grass cuttings. Of the chickweed, mush- toms and "tobacco" on the ground only the chickweed was taken. Of the hemlock, tobacco, chickweed and grass trimminigs in the water the grass was taken most readily; but some chickweed was also taken. One bird pecked in an exploratory manner at a mushroom but I don't thinks it ate any. XC is limping badly. Not sure what the trouble is. Seems very reluctant to move

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Fulica americana 204 Feb/15 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Bird [crossed out] - tried some mushroom, it pecked some off the stem and I believe swallowed it. Bird wandered over to Bird resting on some grass about 10 feet from the SE corner. They set about doing some billing, almost immediately Bird came running over to attack Bird and chase him away from Bird. After Bird limped on Bird indicated no further interest in him. Bird [crossed out] P - died today, has YG legs, frontal shield 7#, adrenal about 5 times normal size, both adrenals saved in Bovin's Fix. Testes small. 4 flakes taken from nasal passages, 5 flakes taken from thoracic area, 3 of them from around the syrinx and 1 each from a cavity by the head of the femur humerus. Gizzard contained a very extensive area worked over by nematodes, with nematodes being found throughout, an [crossed out] normal area about 5 mm across indicated the long time presence of a normal sized ulcer, but they had spread from there, to cover about 70 % of the stomach lining. Throughout the lining was separated from the mucosa and the characteristic hemorrhages were present throughout. The whole bird and especially the gizzard had a particularly rotten odor. Forepart of body in alcohol.

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Fulica Americana 205 Feb 15 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. clara with thin bursa and bill saved in alcohol. Wing and leg dried. Remainder of carcass to be turned over to Mrs. Voge. A blood smear was taken from the subclavian vein, also two lice, one large and one small were taken from the head and placed in alcohol. The gut of this bird was full of white stuff, not the normal color, and the quizzard contained no food tho food was and has been constantly available to these birds. The spleen was darkly discolored in at least to extensive areas, and was quite notably enlarged. Feb 16 same locality - X & C was persistently chasing another bird this morning. Of the two "poonk" like notes of the female, apparently the high one is a plaintive note, denoting fear or uncertainty, whereas the lower note is an aggressive note, indicating positive action generally of an aggressive nature. Of the foods put in the courtyard yesterday, the grass is pretty well cleaned up and the "tobacco" stuff so had been poched at at least a few leaves have been torn some while most of the leaves have not been touched. The poison hemlock and mushroom show no signs of being fed upon.

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Fulica Americana 206 Feb 23 Univ. Calif., Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. W - was seen in a display this morning about 7:55a.m. She climbed up on a pile of cat-tails on the edge of the pool and stopped on the top, lowered her head, spread her under tail coverts and gave a low, barely audible "tuke, tuke, tuke" note. VBG indicated some interest, started over to her, but did not actually approach her. She then moved over against the wall under the tree fern and repeated the display, but again no reciprocation was observed on the part of any nearby males. VBG is vigorously defending that corner of the court against YLB and XC, chasing them every time they come into the area. These both are birds with swollen shields. So far he has shown no aggressive behavior towards any of the other males that are probably present VBG and probably X16. Feb 24 same locality - WB displaying again this morning, from about 7:40 to 7:48 a.m. She started on the pile of cat-tails on the edge of the pool and then moved over to the edge of the building under the tree fern where she continued. No other bird was noticed paying any

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Fulica americana 207 [illegible] Feb 24 Univ Calif, Campus, Alameda B, Calif - attention to her. Her shield doesn't seem to be especially swollen. tho I can't be sure from here. VBG is getting pretty hot in his pursuit of XLB, chasing him out of the area twice with considerable vigor. XC seems to just plain desire to stay near the pen out of the area defended by VBG. GW was moving a cat-tail around, but no other bird has shown any tendency to display. GW, VBG, O, BE, XLB, OIP and YPM will are all tolerated. Now XLB is also in the area. O is nibbling at XIG and XLB is or just was nibbling on the unmarked bird. 7:55 a.m. VBG just carried a piece of cat-tail over to WB and deposited it, then promptly sat down on it. Neither bird gave any display or showed any particular interest in the other bird. Feb 25. Same locality.

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Fulica Americana 208 Feb 25 Univ Calif Campus, Almeda Co., Cal. Greens. Lettuce, grass, Brussels sprouts, celery tops, spinach and carrot tops. The celery tops, leaves that is seemed to rate first, at least they were cleaned up first; grass seemed to rate one par with lettuce, some birds preferring the grass to the lettuce. Brussels sprouts were pecked at a few times and about otherwise ignored. Carrot tops and spinach have been given very little attention. This afternoon a very apparent peck order seems to be evident. V6V seems to be at the top, even to chasing V2V. V2V rules over Y/LB, GE and Y/1G, also apparently over all the ff. W8 seems to rank top among the ff, with O next. CW rule over LG/B+(UWM). Where P/O rates I don't know. Just now W8 came up a jump ahead of V2V, when she reached the top she stopped and spread at her tail but made no other sign. W8 once gave several typical f notes, and V6V once gave a series of o notes. W8 just gave some while chasing CW under the fern. Y/LB and LG/B+ seem to be together a lot, also there seems to be some ties between V2V and O. W8 seems to be particularly aggressive against LG/B+, chasing her on every occasion.

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Fulica americana 209 Feb 25 Univ Cal, Campus Alameda Co., Calif. LG/Br, Y/LB and Xc seen to be increasingly living on the west side of the court, out of reach of V6G and WB, at least at the present time. WB chases P/O. P/O ships from and chased by Bc. These birds seem to be particularly fond of the new yellow grass trimmings put in last week. Bc/G chased P/O and Bc. XW is particularly aggressive towards LG/Br, chasing her pretty much all over the area, but XW shies away from Xc. YLG shies from V6G. Now that the lettuce is pretty nearly finished some interest is being shown in other foods. Once at picking at carrot tops, there is still some celery left, the grass is set pretty well gone, eating second, spinach and onions are apparently yet untouched. V6G/XW just in a huddle with some greens. YLG chased XW. Bc/G just gave a heated chase on the water. V6G seems to have plenty of respect for Bc/G. WB seems to also have a dislike for XW. V6G just now chased Bc/G across and out of the pool on the west side. Mar 3 Lake Merritt, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif.- Water low with a lot of green algae along the edge. Lots of Costa feeding along that edge. G seen on the mud flats. A lot of chasing going on. Some typical "charges" seen

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March 3 Lake Merritt, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. on the mud. Some of the chasing may be over food, but a lot more of it seems to be of a territorial nature. The areas involved are not large, nor is any one area very consistently, or strenuously defended. Crowing, cackling, purking and goning frequent and widespread. A pinned bird seen but no tags. The great majority of the birds feeding along the shore, and involved in this aggressive behavior, have swollen shields, in fact it looks as if 2/3 a high percentage of the visible birds have swollen shields.-About 200 birds in the fenced area refuge area. Some of these birds seem to have the crown feathers in perpetual depression. Bird 610 in enclosed area at refuge, pin still on, swollen frontal shield, about 35-5/6 enlarged frontal shield present.-A pinned bird with two dangling copper wires seen near Root Landing. One coot on floats near landing was feeding on the droppings of Forster's Terns. There are several birds here that have frontal shields fully as large, and much the same shape, as the birds that have testosterone implants. Noticed that while coots give away to gulls they chase terns - the terns showing no inclination to dispute any area with a

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Fulica americana Lake Merritt, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. The great majority of the birds present show yellow or yellow green legs. No coots are grazing on the N side of the lake where the algae bloom is so heavy but on the S side, where there is not algae, coots are grazing on the grass, with the baldpates. The Baldpates are grazing alone on the N side. Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. 7 birds in a flock feeding at LM 9-10. Among these birds are & R, w/B and UNM (B&W?). They are attacked by a bird with a very large shield every time they go S of M/10.11. The attacker even goes on land after them, this it is tolerating 2?2+1♂ mallard in the strait. The mate?, also with a large shield is preening on the island. The shield on & is flat, the shield on w/B is F or SS but not S, the shield on R is F, UNM is F. The attacking bird gives a “tack-tack, tack-tack, tack-tack” as it comes across to chase the flock. One bird in this flock has a swollen S shield. Two more birds w/o large shields were seen at N-P 26-27. Birds with large shields at O 34 (may be from E end of Dam since people are on the beach there), at O 14 at L 8-9, at F 10 and F 8 or 9. 3 birds charged from F 9-10 to K 10, then one bird splattered after another from

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FULLION 19 Mr. 3. Fulica americana 212 Two Pet shields in this area R.R. iris with S shields ch area 42 -> south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal SS scale 0 60' "=120' cat-tail

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Fulica americana -213- Mar 3 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. K10 to G9, fell leaving two birds behind, one cackling, the other crowing. Then these two, at least about 25 feet apart started a chase from K10 going out of sight towards H7. A moment later- one bird splattered after another from G9 to F12, the chased bird going onto F12. The chaser, cackled churned once, then cackled; the chased gave some “putz” like notes. Another chase, from G17 to I18 - the pursued bird tried to escape the onslaught of the aggressor. When threatened by aggressor, the threatened bird apparently shows its under tail coverts, indicating concern. Among the flocked birds, the one with the 5 shield seems to be the boss, though W/BL drove it off once. 4 or 5 of the flock are feeding at N/13.25. Diving for stuff on the bottom. 1:30 p.m. 2 birds with large shields came out of cat-tails at K7.10 moved to L8, feeding on some glass on the shore, and then going back. One of these birds indicated some concern over a couple of Ruddy ducks coming into the area. A bird diving at N/13.25, under water 9 seconds. A bird giving ? call at K8.24 has a very enlarged shield. Mate came out, chased her to J7.25. They passed within a foot of a ruddy duck, showing no interest in it. Now one from J7.17 is moving towards the flock at L9, but turned around before getting to them, going into

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Fulica americana No 3 Lake Tamesal, 420 ft, Alameda Co., Calif.- cat-tails at K7.17. & the flock is eating very extensively on the leaves of the Oxeye [illegible] growing along the shore at N12. 2 birds of the flock just got chased out from about I9 to I10, chasers crowed and cackled. A dog on the shore causes shore at E/1 causes 4 costs at I10 to display their tail coverts. - thusly - Both SE birds seen billing on one occasion. Birds up on shore adjacent to the [illegible] being defended by this SE pair don't incurse the attacks that birds on the water do. Though short aggressive deeds are made, they are not consistently pressed. at 2:30 two birds of the flock at, L10.2, did a partial paired display and threatened to fight one another. A moment later a S shield bird came out and drove them and 7 other birds to N11. What it might be the beginning of a nesting platform at K7.16. just an accumulation of cat-tail stuff. jewel lake, 512 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif.- 5 birds on lake when I arrived at 4:15 p.m. (see my next page). The bird that moved to E/15, to feed on insects floating on the water, gave a series of ? notes. She does not have an S shield. Two birds seen over new L26 tho seem to have it. The bird at F9 and lot F25

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GULLION 1950 Fulica americana -215- Mar 3 BM 502.70' Scale 0 50 100' JEWEL LAKE Tilden Regional Ps Contra Costa Co., Calif. N location + movement of 5 coots on lake at 4:15 p.m.

Fulica americana Mar 3 Jewel Lake, 5/10 ft., Contra Costa Co. Calif. also look an S shield. On second look I guess the two in the S area do have swoller shields, but not of the largest class. Both of them seem to be feeding largely on floating insects, feeding by tilting and twisting like phalaropes. Two birds are feeding at D13, the S pair, two more at H 13, the north pair, a 5th bird is working from E 15 to C 21. Then the two from D13 moved N, the male to B18 the female to D21, then splattered to F26 where a short battle ensued. The ♀ after the battle and while in display "eackled," the other bird did not display or make a note. At the same time, another ♀ note came from a bird at K 20, whose mate was sharing the boat with a goose. There is a golden eye, 1 or 2 canvasbacks, 2 suddies and a Canada goose on the lake in addition to 5 (or 6) coots today. When I moved down towards the dam a bird with a S shield had a bird with an SS shield at bay. Now a few minutes later a full scaled chap was in force, from K 27 but breaking off at G 28 before actually attacking the bird. The bird doing the chasing is the one that had a pin but has lost it. Both of these N pair birds seem to be feeding quite a bit on cat-tail tubers. I have not seen the other birds doing this.

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GULLION 19 Mar 3 Fulica americana -217- BM 4 502.70' swim splatter. battle paired display Scale 0 50 100' JEWEL LAKE Tilden Regional P Contra Costa Co., Calif. N

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Illioi P50 Mar 3 Fulica Americana 218 Jewel Lake, 576 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. Both birds of N pair have swollen shields. The [illegible] M bird of this pair is the larger, in fact the pinned bird was just heard giving the ? note at K20 5:05pm. The N is at N26. Apparently territory is not yet defended to its limits, with scattered defenses only close to the fortress(?) nest area. The one big effort now seems to be to get the fifth bird out of the area. A crow as just given by a bird at H14. 20 birds were feeding at C14, a ? chasing the fifth bird now the E end at the dam. Mar 4 Elmir. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. Of several Several foods put in pond, romain, mustard greens, broken up brussel sprouts, lettuce, grass, clover, carrot Tops, spinach and pondweed (from tank). Of the foods put out last Saturday, all but the whole brussels sprouts, and a few onions have been cleaned up. Two birds are minus tags, XL18 in addition to LG1s. A nest is well under way in the corner. cto base is composed of course pieces of bark with a few cat-tails on top. Between mustard greens and romain, th latter is chosen. W3 reached up and took a bite out of th a leafe of the low shrub growing there. Romain still rates over spinach. W3, had down,

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Fulica americana 219 Mar 4 Univ. Calif. Campus Alameda Co., Calif. Tail in "warning" position, giving a low "tuke, tuke, tuke". Xw is sure insisted about chasing one UNM bird. Some carrot tops, having floated over to the ramp, are being busily consumed. V69 was just giving the "punk-nt, punk-nt" note. WB just gave a "punk-nt, punk-nt" note after chasing a UNM bird out of the water. V69 made one lask at Y1G. Y1G pecked Xw, Xw held her ground against Y1G. Roman, carrot tops and glass are vating top tonight. The spinach and lettuce + mustard greens have been investigated but that is about all. The water plant, broken brussel sprouts and clover have had no interest shown. Water plant has had some taken, but not overwhelmingly so. Some later thrown in broken up apple has shown a lot of use. Y1G and V69 were just in a huddle, WB made a pass at what must be Y1G, but had no effect, in fact had to back off. V69 is now in a huddle with Xw. Its getting late, guess all stop now. Mar 5 Univ. Calif. Campus Alameda Co., Calif.- A UNM (surely X) LB) attacked Y1G. When diving or swimming under water the feet are used alternately, and the wings are kept close to the body. WB was noted feeding on the leaves of green cat-tails. Dr.

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Fulica americana Mar 5 Univer. Calif. Campus Alameda Ca, Calif.- In fact the cat-tails have been kept beaten up by birds nibbling on them. Of the foods in water yesterday, mustard greens remain almost untouched, Clover completely untouched, spinach badly mauled but a lot still present, a few carrot tops and pieces of grass, crossed out some apple and two broken crossed out broccoli Brussel sprouts. 1/4B, shield 1/5, tag replaced. Bare skin where incision made, but I can't find any sign of the pellet that should be there. WT 585 grams, legs green, bursa about 22 mm and temp about 40.5 C. wB, left foot with swelling which has burst extruding cheese like stuff. Shield 33, legs green wt. 482 grams, bursa couldn't be probed, temp. 41C. L6/Br., shield beginning to swell, crossed out but still about 18 SS. No sign of estrogen pellet under shin nor is a crossed out brood patch present. WT. 577 grams. legs green foot with suggestion of crossed out yellow. Under wing cobato P. wB may have the beginning of a brood patch, at least down is thin on rear of sternum. Some bird is losing a lot of feathers, mostly ventral judging by the pile in corner of the courtyard. Xc, crossed out shield still growing, now 17x13 mm shape of class 11, can't feel pellet under

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Fulica Americana 221 Mar 5 Elnio Calif Campus Alameda Co., Calif. the skin. Missing tag replaced by a untwisted copper wire. Want to see how it holds up. wt 635 grams. Tag on W3E replaced by W3F - shield 11S, legs green, wt 585 grams, legs are green but with a yellow tinge. X9G has a shield 3SS, it is enlarging fast tho. Showing growth ring thus fresh red. the growth all being yellowish posteriorly green, but not the yellow green clars. Black gray head 4 rocks still flecked with light gray feathers. wt 599 grams. O1P I believe this is the bird that is shedding feathers, at least the central feather sure are thin on this bird. Shield 3SS, tempo bal, wt 474 grams. X3E, shield 9S, legs yellowish green, wt 425 grams. Testosterone pellet still present under skin. XW, losing feather like mad on its belly, shield 7F, tempo bad tho. Estrogen pellet still under skin. There may be some lengthening of the shield on this bird. wt 405 grams. Testosterone pellet still in X2G but small. No pellet in X1X/2B. No pellet on 26/Br. No scar left on these birds where the incision was made, can't even find the thread: they were sewn up with. XC, XW, 26/Br, 7/2B+3E all go into the case tonight.

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Julio 1950 Tulsa Americana 222 Mar 10 Univer. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif.- G? on the nest structure, standing there, and pulling some dried cat-tails close around it - S/B (or W.B.) same bird) resting at base of tree fern - making a low

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Fulica Americano 223 Mar 10 Lake Temescal, 420 ft. Alameda Co., Caly. were at K 7 in the cat-tails but they left via S side of th rock. Another pair head at H 6 or 7. One bird just "kah-Pow"ing at about F/5. A second, even fresher nest at J 6.5. This about one foot in from the edge of a dense stand of cat-tails. Ramp is facing open water to N. Nest not finished but well formed, no dropping of any kind in it's. Mostly of dead cat-tails, but with a few green ones woven in, and one twisted around overhead. Little sign of an attempt to develop an overhead canopy, but rather, placing the nest under one formed by breaking dozen of upper parts of cat tail leaves. Ramp not completed, lots of loose poorly worked leaves scattered around. Does not appear to be anchored to anything but rather wedged between three groups of cat-tails. Highest edge not over 2 inches above the water. 2:30 pm a crow at I 6.19. - There is an accumulation of cat-tail material at I 7.20 that may be the start of a nest. It is composed mostly of loosely piled, floating with the waves, dead cat tail material, largely seed stalks. But the presence of at least 6 green leaves, bitten off at the base, surely indicates that is is of original origin. Some sort of watering going on in the bushes at I 7, one bird, perhaps a f, show

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Fulica americana -224- Lake Temescal, 480 ft. Alameda Co., Calif.- a partial display as it moved W into open water. Another 6? moved E to J7.1 pushing some. Nova ? at H7.7 and a ? at I5. with giving "pushy points". There was a chase near I5, don't know the nature of it. Now some sharp pushes at J6.10. I don't believe the SW pair has another nest structure yet, but it just may be possible. I looked around pretty closely. R seen with another bird in the area-I ? crossing to F/6. Two more tagged birds flew down near G25. Some displaying & chasing there, about 8 birds in that area.-The E pair have not yet built themselves a platform as far as I can tell. They were both at R22.5 when I came up and without protest swam out into the middle of the lake. 3 small birds (2 tagged) were resting undisturbed at Q23.12+13. The last year's nest site at P16 is impossible since burning the cat-tails makes it too open, but the new growth is coming up fast. Many of the cat-tail are broken down at Q23 so nesting is not to suitable there, but Q22 looks okay. But apparently no nest yet. Just might be enough cows at G25 for a nest. Better look. Nesting in this area is not impossible, but seems improbable. I have noticed today, coots feeding on the leaves of low hanging weeping willows. To the extent that every tree

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GULLION 1950 Mar 10 Fulica Americana 225- P P R.R. south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal W e irirs cat-tail scale 0 60' 1"=120' -Road - nest structure. x display chase. territory boundar as indicated by activity today //\\\\\\\\\eeding area of flock P - pairs

"Temescal Regional Park Gai... Co., Cal. Temescal of JACOSAL ch part "[illegible]"

Fulica americana 226 Nov 10 Lake Temescal, 4:30 ft., Alameda Blvd., Calif. with branches drooping to the water, has a browse line about 15 or 16 inches above the water surface. I have noticed very heavy feeding on Carex leaves, particular in this area, and there seems to be a great deal of feeding upon cat-tail shoots. The cat-tails at Q 23 are densely interspersed with green shoots nipped off at the base. Some of this may be used later for nesting. I don't know, but now it is widely scattered and not in any organized form. Seen, w/ll seen. Caught a piece of bread away from another cost. One of a pair that got the bread originally. The other was in hot pursuit, he dropped it to eat some of it, chasing her from it, but when other costs came in, he turned and fought them off, letting her feed. After a couple 2 minutes I got in grabbed it and ran. Noticed another bird feeding on weeping willows at Q 28 - The Carex and grass along the shore from Q 28 to 034 is badly eaten down, hardly any Carex or grass growing. The dock (Indian tobacco), clover, plantain, lupine (or something legume), native willows, are not touched. A wetch was badly eaten upon. Mint not touched, nor are several Compositae

Tadria americana 277 Mar 10 Aquatic Park, s.l., Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. No coots in KRE pool. 48 in swimming area at Sand. Gregarious, little chasing or displaying, mostly feeding. 1 pair were at the opposite end of the pool (West) from the 40 birds. No tags. At least 2 of the 40 birds have enlarged frontal shields, none really big, but growing. They are feeding on some green substance they are obtaining by diving. Birds bringing food up are subject to some chase, but not much of it. They seem to be getting an abundance of food. 26 coots in "reef" area. Mostly feeding among the gulls on the reef or on grass on the shore along the road. 2 between reef and refuge. 17 in refuge area along with many scaps, a couple of golden-eyes, e horned grebe, 8 jibtails + & pair of baldpates. No tagged or pinned birds seen on this pond. Mar 12 Lake Merritt, s.l., Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. Many coots on the lake today, many with greatly enlarged shields seen. Also two pinned birds seen. Mar 13 Univ Calif Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. [illegible] on nest this morning. Doesn't seem interested in leaving it. W close by but not showing much interest. After going over to feed for a moment, [illegible] came back to nest, pulled a cat-tail leaf in from the edge, then sat down in the nest, more or less facing

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Fulica americana 228 13 Univ. Calif. Campus., Alameda Co., Calif. and assumed what almost amounted to the display in period display, only I don't think the under-tail coverts were spread quite as fully as they are then. His tail quivered (with passion - ?). Peace seems to be reigning supreme in the court now. No signs of aggression by V10 or V9. Legs on V8 are sure getting bright yellow, same goes for V10. Legs on V7 and V6 still seem to be green, can't see legs on V4/V5. V4/V5 seems to be very broody about this whole nest business today. He is not showing aggression against other birds preening within 5 or 6 feet of the nest. Seems concerned about nothing but the nest. Just now V5 moved over towards V6, V6 bowed but V5 pecked V6 instead of nibbling - V1G moved. V7 just chased on ate an insect. V8 just chased and pecked P10 a couple of times - walked close to V4/V5 with no effect, ignored V4/V5 on the nest three feet away, went over to feed on greens with two other birds. V6 just picked one cat-tail leaf up from beside the nest and carried it over to the corner. V4/V5, this on the nest made no attempt to interfere, but merely got up and tugged on another cat- tail just outside of the nest. Now in the water, V7 giving a low "punk- ut," "punk-ut, punk-ut" as V4/V5 swam

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Fulica americana 229 No.13 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. over to her. He was silent, not much other display by either. Now all at once the whole lot became frisky, running around flapping wings etc. He was bathing, diving and splattering over the water. - see next page -

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Fulica americana . 230 Mar 15 jewel lake, 5/0 ft.; Contra Costa Co., Calif,- at 3:05 p.m. - 2 birds feeding and diving at E 4, 1 at G 18, 1 at L 27. Also 2 golden eyes and one ruddy. A couple of minutes later, 1 bird w/5 shield at D/1 moving onto D14. 1 at H/12, and two others near the boat. One of them, now at F9 is busily picking insects off the water. Now as one bird moves out from C11 to D9 another bird at G 7 gave a few low "punkes", like those given by Q & W in the courtyard. Now the 1st bird is moving to F and the other came across to meet him(). Now both are diving for and eating what looks like rotten cat- tail material, but it may be Potamogeton. Something, perhaps coots, has been feeding heavily upon the "Indian tobacco" along the shore at A 10. 3:25 p.m. a bird chased from G/13 to G/16 - gave the female "poonk" as it swam off. towards C 23 - several times. As it cleared the point by the boat, a bird resting in the water at L 21 gave several "punkes" of the male. At this time 5 coots were seen - this chased bird being the unpaired bird. After chasing this bird, the 5 bird drifted a little S then E being joined by another bird up from the S end. There was some "put-put- put" given as to two were together

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GULLION 280 Fulica americana 23) Mx-15 Jewel Lake, 5/10 ft, Contra Costa Bays Calif. at C-16. One of the two birds in the general area SE of the island is feeding on snails as she works around the island. Her tail is elevated - another bird is giving the male "punk" in low tones at M25 - as she worked around her tail became higher - when she came opposite the O-O's position she displayed and swam away from him, giving a low "poon!z", then went on into the cove. He ceased his note, came out and moved S around the island, he looks pinned. The extra bird is with litter Fw-85 shield, probably the latter. One bird (O-O?) charged from <20 to H-27, charging his mate at H-29. (the 5th bird was at B22 - thos paw at C12). She sort of moved away from him circled around to the E while he dabbled and preened at +127 - then moved out to him - he (the marked bird) nibbled and bit at her bill, she reciprocated some, then moved off towards the cover. On the charge M (fw marked) passed within a few feet of a resting Ruddy and a pair of Golden-eyes, the Ruddy became momentarily uneasy, the two golden eyes ignored M. Those ducks are together at X26, deep in the N territory. Heard some "poonking" at G10 - 1 bird there - now they are both at F-G5. Both birds

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Fulica Americana 232 Mar 15 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. (M gight charged from near the island to G24, chasing my splattering, a bird from G24 to E22, no sounds - the chased bird went no further - just now 3:55, a "pukhari" bird at E15, giving "pukhk, pukh-pake, pyhk-kenk", M responded by going into charge position, but did not move far, down to G22 then off to the west) In both pairs have fully enlarged shields. M charging from the island again, went to H25, paused now going on in full charge, moving a golden-eye out of the way at E23, chasing another cost to C20 - in the meantime the S pair came charging up to about C20 repelling the 5th bird & towards the boat. M indicated no interest in the S pair at C20. They remained to dive for Potamogeton there. Now M with some "pukhk, pukh-pubs" has gone into the cat-tails at L21. Both birds of the S pair are now going S down the middle of the lake 4:05 p.m. - they fed at E20 D20 for about 4 minutes One S bird jumped to the 5th bird at H13, it dived, going under water to H17 - no notes by either bird. Now 5th bird feeding at H19. M at L21 showing little interest, his mate at M26. 4:10 p.m. - now the 5th bird is moving over to B22. Now M's mate feeding on emerged cat-tail leaves at M26 - M charging from the island, making a loop towards the

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Fullia americana 233 Mar 15 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. S - bird feeding at C20, as the 5th bird moves S from there M loses interest, but then comes on, at a course about parallel to 5th, moving, sometimes in charging position, sometimes not, to I28, while 5th feeds on Potomaceter at D19. Guess the shield on 5th is at least SS, but not more. Found a developing nest at N25, 23. Platform well built, several cat-tail leaves in ramp, no cup yet, cat-tails on top are rather loosely piled on. Examined the cat-tails from B17 to BC11, also F9, was not able to find any trace of a nest or platform structure. Am quite certain there is none. But the two birds in that area seem to be most concerned about the area in from. C13. Mar 17 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. S - shield very much enlarged - photo- graphed. Legs scaling, revealing a yellow under layer. The feet on this bird are in rather bird condition. A piece of skin removed that may have been the testosterone pellet - if it wasn't then none is present, which I suspect is the case. Shield on this bird - 17 mm long by 14 mm wide, and projecting way above the surrounding feathers. No sign of new recent growth, it is

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Fulica americana 234 No. 17 Univ. Oakl. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. -The shape of Class 3. Wt - 599 grams, LG/Br - photographed black & white and color. Shield about flat, no indication of estrogen pellet, so a testosterone pellet under the skin. Legs green. Temp mild, little struggling and little pecking. Wt - 486gms. Yellow green just above keel. Shield very SS just over class 8 (9x7mm). P/LG- old tags placed on silvered pin, methods. When pin tore out is a good scar, no feathers. Shield 3 SS, weight 48/gms. Photographed P/LG²⁷⁰ Also rephoto- graphed LG/Br. Bird formerly marked BLY retagged Br. Legs green, shield 7SS, wt. 412gms. Xw - photographed, BW & color. Estrogen pellet found and removed. Shield a little swollen from last time, barely into the SS classification, shape and size - 8 . Wt 348 grams, legs green. Died from too much ether. CE/5 - photographed BW & color. Shield 9SS. A lump of skin removed that might have contained a pellet of testosterone but I doubt it - put three small particles of estrogen under the skin. Green legs, don't want to change this bird so no weight. Wt - 404 grams. Bird formerly tagged [illegible] retagged O- photographed in BW and color. A large testosterone pellet placed under skin to rear of incision. Shield 1 SS, legs green.

Fulica Americana 235 GULLION 1950 May 17 Elmiv. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co. Calif. at 476 grams, Y/LB - photographed in BW + color289. shield #S, 3 small eastrogen pellets put under skin to rear of incision, legs green. wt-510 grams, Gw dissected-no flukes in nasal area, 1 fluke [illegible] cervical air sac, in axillary air sac Lungs flooded with blood, smear taken of lungs and heart. Heart etc saved. Also wing, leg, ovary & bill, cloaca, saved a section of the proventriculus with some dark blobs in it, also found an enlarged shell gland(?), saved it in Bouins. Nematodes in the usual gizzard position, saved them in hot alcohol, also the ulcer covering on Bouins. This bird was in good physical shape. Its breast (was) full and it had a fair amount of fat scattered about its body. Its intestines were clean looking, they were not examined for parasites. Bursa 26 mm, narrow(moderately so). May.19. Gray Lodge Refuge,800 ft., Butte Co. Calif.- 1 bird caught in a trap yesterday at the S side of the refuge, tagged today G/R for release at Woodland. This bird is a ? probably. Lots of birds on the refuge, a few pairs and on territory, others in flocks grazing. This bird probably was one of a pair.

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GULLION 950 Fulica americana 236 Mar 19 Conaway Ranch, Weedland, Yolo Co., Calif. - Lots of birds here today. Several flocks of 60 to 200 birds out seen feeding on grass away from water. Also 10 to 12 pairs seen on territory defending areas. Bird GTR released on a slough. This bird isn't in too good shape, but it may make the grade. (Incidentally, I saw one bird feeding on Docks Rumex (Indian Tobacco) on the Gray Lodge Refuge yesterday.) Mar 20 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. - Watched [illegible] on the nest for a few minutes. He repeatedly stamped his foot, had his head down a little and seemed to be in a display pose. Mar 21 same locality - Shield on X LB seems to be a little regressed today, somewhat wrinkled. Shield on [illegible] is 9S, also I believe a regression from about a 6S. - (no regressions see p. 234). Mar 22 same locality - Shield on O swollen, now approaching 6S, shield 10 mm long but about 11mm wide. Shield about as below - bill costa badly beaten up. Frontal To view more or less as indicated on next page.

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GULLION 750 Enulica Americana 237 Mr 22 Univ Calif Campus, Alameda Co, Calif - This bird has some bleeding around the pin. Also a bad temper. Legs green P10- plated pin replaced by silvered pin with new cove style. Shield 3S. Legs green, very little dark on bill, bill generally very clear in color. Weight 58.5 grams. - This bird made a low "pooh" as it swam away to release in the pond. P10 Note:- The bird G/R taken at Gray Lodge over the week end was taken on the S side of the road skirting the S side of Mouse Pond Lake Tamescal 420ft, Alameda Co, Calif - 1 egg, marked #1 in the nest at 56.5 Two coots belatedly came into the cat-tails behind the nest, making some noises, one churring 3 times,

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Fulica americana 238 Mar 22 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- The other nest at J6.7 seems to be larger and better formed than when last seen. There is some sort of disagreement deep in the cat-tails at the S end, mostly fish [illegible] "punk-munk, punk-munk" note being heard, tho some splashing and churning was also heard. One cost just get chased out of the S area, being chased to I 10 then swimming across N of the island - some low "punts" were then heard from the chasing bird. When I came into this area about 4 pairs of mallards were in the SE area resting on the floats. They all flew as I came in. One did a lot of quacking, may have a nest in here. Another nest, which I was surprised to see, at P16.2. This nest is very exposed, being in an area burned last winter. The cat-tails are nearly completely gone, but a good growth of new are coming up. However the cover does not exceed 30 inches in height. This nest is composed mostly of green cat-tail leaves, broken and torn until they could be worked into place. One bird was near or on the nest. It looks almost ready for eggs. Another new nest, not present at last check, at Q23.11. Composed almost entirely of dried cat-tail leaves, it looks nearly finished, but with no ramp. It may be too big for an

1 3 7 7 22 23 ---- 43

FULICA AMERICANA 239 Mar 22 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. egg nest. (ill see dates) -> Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. A nest with 4 eggs found at F 25.7. Eggs cool, marked 1, 2, 3, 4. Nest big bulky, composed almost entirely of deal cat tails - or I should say, completely composed of deal cat tails. While this nest is not close to the open part of the lake, the beaten up nature of the cat-tails puts it in a fairly open position, so it is close to open water. The same faces the open water to the NE. It has a very deep cup. There seems to be only 4 birds on the lake today, plus two geese and a pair of Golden- eyes. Could find no nest in the area I 18 south to I 6, or from c 6, thru to A 17. But the S pair watched me closely all the way around, showed most concern when I was near H 14. I did not get out to the point at F 9. Several times the S pair were billing, but the N pair were not close together. One N bird was near 6-17, the other at the corner N of the island. Mar 24 Aquatic Park, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. 1 coot seen near boathouse, slightly swollen shield. 3 coots in area immediately north of refuge area. Shield conditions not determined.

GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 240 o/Bl as of 3/17/50 XW as of 3/17/50 g/c as of 3/17/50 9/Bl as of. 3/17/50 same as top, only Direct from photo- graph.

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Fulica americana 241 Feb 24 Aquatic Park, s.e. Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. 17 coots in refuge area, shield conditions not determined. 7 in the reef area. These all had small shields, and with the exception of the first bird seen, I believe that all of the remaining birds have either flat or nearly flat shields. 2 birds seen together at S end of ref area, both with swollen frontal shields. Probably paired birds. 23 at pool at S end, 22 of them in one flock at east end of this swimming pool. 1 of there 22 had a swollen shield, about the size of 9BL (p. 240), the rest had either slightly swollen or flat, but few really flat, maybe 4 or 5, surely no more. The majority of large shield birds seem to have departed since I was here last time. -Lake Merritt, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif.- A coot, seen on Feb 3, and number read then, found dead on the island several days ago, and band recovered # 40-600861. This bird will be worked over in detail tomorrow. 5/2 and 496-7/16/10 also seen in fenced area. 6/10 had a quite enlarged shield, up from the flat class of some time ago. A great majority of the birds here have swollen shields, a few have less swollen shields, but none seen with truly flat shields. The rains came so I moved on to Temescal. Another pinned bird seen to E of fenced area, probably 648.

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IV. GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 242 Mar 24 Lake Temescal, 450 ft. Alameda Co., Calif. 3:15 p.m. 2 eggs in nest at J6.5. Both it and its companion nest are floating tho the rain today has floated the lake up about 8-10 inches. Both nests look nearly complete, both have some greenery in them but mostly dead cat tails. The F came in fairly close, showing some concern about the nest. Looked over the rest of the S end without finding any more nests. Saw w/B and O/. The nest at P6.2 is suffering badly from its exposed position and the heavy waves rolling across the lake against it. The nest at Q23.11 is larger, in good position to be studied from the bridge over the E inlet. Both birds gave characteristic notes as I approached this nest. No eggs. Saw S one tag lost, the left one, only the wire dangling. Didn't see the M bird (w/B?). The water is really rough today. Saw one bird charge by close in front of another bird, and as it passed it raised its head up and back. Jewel Lake, 570 ft. Contra Costa Co., Calif. At 5:35 p.m. when I arrived, both N birds at F26- M is the larger, must be the male- They cut across towards the island, M in a semi-charge. When they were at about J23, a S bird chased another, splattering, to G22. N birds showed interest but

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Fulica americana 243 IV. GULLION 1950 Mar 24 Jewel lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif.- made no display. The chased bird then cut over to E 26 to feed on some cat-tail leaves uprooted by the N pair. The S bird returned S and soon the chased bird (with a swollen shield) drifted off S again. M has just spent the last couple of minutes at about < 22.18 busily "punking" at his mate who was over behind the boat. The nest at P 25.7 has six eggs in it, all cold. Eggs 5 & 6 marked. Incubation apparently has not begun yet. This nest is floating so the 6-8 inch rise in water level of the lake from the past heavy rain did not damage, or even exchange to nests. Now 5:15 p.m. N♀ is charging another bird (S ♂?) from the island to F 25 then S. M started to charge out from the island, went as far as G-9, turned off to go down towards H 15. When S ♀ was last seen she was chasing the other bird S at about D 23. Am not sure that this chased bird is not one of the S pair. I don't know. While I was in close to nest P 25.7 the parent birds showed no interest, but stayed out on the open water near the boat and island. (see map next page) Mar 25 same locality Nest P 25.7 has 7 eggs in it at 9:30 a.m. Neither- parents are to be seen or heard. All 7 eggs are cold, no incubation

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GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 244 Mk 24 BM 509.70' Scale 0 50 100' JEWEL LAKE Tilden Regional Park Contra Costa Co., Calif. N 299 nest.

Fulica americana 245 Mar 25 Jewel Lake 510 ft, Contra Costa Co., Calif. yet. Nest photographed in B&W and color to show concealment. Since the water has gone down some, this nest is much higher out of the water than it was. It has a very deep cup and is generally a large, pulky nest. A 5th bird is on the lake today, just now 10:05 a.m., it was chased out of the area, flew to G/16 where it alighted. As I work up and down this W side S of the boat, the S pair go in attendance, doing a lot of billing etc, but giving no leads as to the whereabouts of their nest. Buts of the N pair seem to be invading the territory, there is no 5th bird here today, so think, but rather just an after chased N♀. Just now 10:35 a.m., The N♂ was chased out to about F/8. The chasing S bird went into the cat-tails at C/13 - a moment later, M coming down from the N end, penetrated to F/11 before the S pair came out & leading to chase him back to F/18, M did not display, but the S♂ did - the S♀ did not participate in the chase but did follow it - # she gave encouragement in the form of her usual "purrunk". After the chase M went to E/26, N♀ remained near F/18, & the S pair returned to C/12 to feed. I have really gone over the area from H/18 to F-H/9 and can see no nest

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Mar 25 Jewel Lake, 5/10 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. is in that area. Looked over area A-C 12x13- no nests there, tho I chased the S pair out of there. -Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- The nest at 76.5 has four eggs in it, meaning that two were laid during the night. They were marked #3 & 4. Both SE birds were ready, the male in partial display while I was near the nest, the ♀ showed less demonstration than the ♂. While I was at the nest I could hear- (just now a male giving “pukh-puk pukh-puk pukh-wh, whk, whk”; in partially display, that is head a little lowered, tail elevated as it faced and swam from -I 11 towards I 9).- another pair over near H6 making some low noises (“punk-ruk” etc). -A rather severe battle at F15-16- a pair chasing, with considerable splattering c-2 other birds, to H17. The male crowed “Kuk-Kuk-kuk” 3 times, before it turned S again. This bird was displaying as it crowed. ♂A bird came over to the nest at P16.2, climbed on it, it nearly sank, and stood for a moment plapping one foot on the nest, then slapped the other one. Finally, after some greening in left, swimming off to beyond P24. Counted at least 11, and figure there are at least 4 more unseen today. Saw ♂.

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GULLION 1950 Trolica americana 247 Mar 25 Lake Tamescal 420ft., Alameda Co., Calif. Examined the nest at Q 23.11. No eggs. I think the high water speed yesterday may have partly upset it. At least it is a little un-nest like today, but should be easily repaired. Both f & F were nearly to show interest. While they were near me at Q 23, another bird was chasing a flock at P 30. The weeping willows within territorial waters don't seem to be badly browsed, the willows B 27+28, C 35, C 33, D 26 and to a less extent E 14 and 12 are the ones most badly beating up. Mar 26 Jewel Lake 5/10 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. S pair feeding along W side of lake at 8:35 a.m. from .H 12 to H 4. S F seems to be feeding mostly on insects picked off the water surface while S M is feeding on insects and to some degree on the green tops of cat-tail leaves. Once S F, at F or G 9 gave two or 3 "pooks", about 5 minutes later, S M in the same area, gave several low "pukes". The S M coming over to C 11, ate some down from cat-tails. All the birds on the lake seem to be spending most of their time feeding on floating insects. Once the S F chased a 5 th bird out of H 4, chasing it to F 18. Immediately both birds of the N pair came down, M charging. A of "pooks" were heard from the other side.

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Fulica Americana 248 Mar 26 Jewel Lake, 510 ft Contra Costa Co., Calif. Passing it back S. No 5 ♀ then started to close in and the ♂ came out from .O 15 to chase it S to H 4. The 5th bird was forced to fly going both ways. Once it had to dive to escape M at E 18. Later, the N♀ was feeding at H 14 - M came down more or less chased her, then got south of her and charged twice, driving her N. She drove each time he charged. 8 eggs in the nest at P 25.7. Still no incubation. - Lake Tamescal, 420 ft. Alameda Co., Calif. The nest at J6.5 with 5 eggs in it. Both parents newly, one (the ♂?) churned a couple of times but made no noise. The other (♀) 'poor'ked

GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 24.9 Mar 26 BM 4 507.70' Scale 0 50 100' JEWEL LAKE Tilden Regional Pa. Contra Costa Co., Calif. N

ULLION 1950 Feb 26 Fulica americana -250 south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal ris at-tail scale 0 60' 1"=120'

[illegible] Temescal National Park, Cal [illegible] part of Temescal

Fulica Americana 251 Mar 26 Lake Temescal 430 ft. Alameda Co. Caly. shield. Another bird just chased from H9 into S inlet by a G, SE J at the same time charged to J8, stopping there, then a moment later, SE male splattered from K7, chasing another bird to G11, returning, he crowed twice while swimming at J8. GR, with 1 tag, has a flat shield. We're still on from other tag. - A bird charged a F at F10 chasing her to G11. She "pooned" as she swam out but the other bird gave no note. Now 10:55a.m., after about 15 minutes of noisy activity, all is quite. 10:57- SE bird charging out from K7, chard all three tagged birds from J9 out to J11. One of two birds feeding at F10 moved out to G9, into charging position but did not advance at once, then later started swimming across towards H8, the other is now semi charging across to J9. Now 4 birds are moving in the south areas, all from the flock. One just got chased out of the S inlet, followed by a crow. Now a SE bird is chasing them out from J9. The E pair, are both around the platform at P16.2, one on the platform, the other feeding on cat-tail shoots nearby. Now 1 was left and the other is feeding alone. The platform does not seem to be developing very much,

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GULLION 950 Fulica americana 252 Mar 26 Lake Temescal 400 ft, Alameda Co. Calif. The ? was the one on the platform and feeding last, now he is swimming N. This pair, defending the area from about P29 to N35 surely don't have any resting area, only a feeding area. Both have enlarged shields, they are probably the birds moved down from the E end of the dam with the increased use of the beach there. They were first billing, the ? poonk being heard from one bird. All the eggs in the nest at J6.5 are cold, no incubation yet. Mar 27 same locality - 6 eggs in the nest at J6.5 - all cold. No eggs in nest at Q23.11 or at P16.2. The male crow may also be transcribed as a "coo-uh-oo-h, coo-uh-oo-k" Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co. Calif. Nest P25.7 with 9 eggs. Searched area HI 1-4 for nests, found none, also looked over area EH 2-4, too badly beaten down, no suitable nest cover. Must work IJ5 to 8, S nest must be in there. Mar 28 same locality - At 5:05 p.m. as I approach the nest area on the dam, both birds of the N pair move into the area. L25-26, the ? "poonking" in a semi-charge position. As I move into the cat-tails they both make notes - "puhk" & "poonk". 7 eggs in the nest, all cold, no

Fulica Americana 253 Mar 28 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. incubation not. Mar 29 Lake Temescal, 730 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. 8 eggs in nest 56.5 - slightly warm, suggesting some incubation, bird was on or near nest. & went to 57 beside the willows, and churred several times gave a low "poonk" a couple of times. Weighed four eggs, #1, 2, 7-8. Now, about 10 minutes later, one of the birds is venturing into the vicinity of the nest carrying a bill full of cat-tails as it moves by the nest. One pair were seen billing together at about I18. Then they crossed to the cat- tails at F18 to feed and putter around. A little while later a bird was chased out of the cat-tails at I7 by another bird, the chase went as far as I 12. Aquatic Park, s.l. Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Six cools seen in the reed ref area towards the end of the park. 10 more in refuge area. A total of 16 birds on the lake. Mar 30 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. When I arrived 5 p.m. the S & was near G 19 heading towards her mate at G 11 - as she moved S, M came out of the cat-tails at L22, swam to G18, and charged and then splattered to F11. There S & M went into paired display while S & was nearly in charge position. After about

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Fulica americana Mr. 30 Jewel Lake, 510ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. 2 minutes they broke off the S to going To H11 the N drifting back to the island. 10 eggs in the nest at P25.7, 10th probably laid on the 29th. Eggs slightly warm, at least, not chilled, suggesting at least some incubation. Parent birds showing now particular interest however. Mr. 31 Lake Tennescal, 420ft., Alameda Co., Calif. Saw violent disagreement among fids today at 5 p.m. Most of it centered around about I 12, but other battles were observed at I 8, and generally all over the area from H to L-10 to 13. One bird chased a bird from L11 to K16 (now paired display, and a severe fight at I 8. Both males in it, and the f from SW area trying to get in. SW on bottom most of time, when they broke off he flew, those who started to attack him; Relatedly, the SE came out of K7 joined in paired display, broke off with typical procedure - then a chase at L11 - SE came out to chase the birds out to L12 - the flock seems to be trying to edge in a territory - then E flew from Q21 to M12 to charge and drive the flock out of the area there The SE drove three males to J10. There seems to be a general upward in progress, I can't tell who's

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ULLION 1950 Mr 31 Erlica Americana -255 south part of AKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal ris at-tail scale 0 60' 1" = /20'

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Fulica americana 256 Mar 31 Lake Temescal, 480ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- invading whose territory. SE pair seen to be defending pretty well, but several battles between outside birds are occurring as deep as H9 in SW area. One SW♂ attacked another bird, hitting it on the fly, SW♀ came out to aid and joined in the fight, quickly they repulsed the invader - he dove - (now a chase at I/4) to escape went about 20 feet before he was hit again by the two with no SW♀ joining in, The invaders mate (W pair ?) came to his aid, and quickly the battle broke up into display at about I 1/• The chase at I 14 just above finally ended up with one bird chasing the other thru the air from about I 15 to K26.- - back to the chase on page.254 - the bird chased to K16 turned on its pursuer, they fought at L14, then the pursuers mate (pair ?) came out to join him, they billed and dabbled, than the pursued came in. The pursuer displayed and the pursued arched as it passed, but quickly turned to chase the pursuers mate (just now the E pair flew from .M11 to O24 in order to repulse a bird moving in there) charging and attacking her, with the aid of the pursuer, then a moment later both the purser and his mate turned on the originally pursued and chased it out of the

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FULLER AMERICANA 257 Mar 31 Lake Temescal, 4:20ff, Alameda Co., Calif - area towards the north. Near the S & consistently giving a "Coo-ah","coo-ah" note after a battle. Also a nervous "Pyhk-cowah" from several males. The trouble seems to lie in the W pair and probably the W pair trying to find good nesting sites at the S end of the lake. Also some of the flock may be trying something of the sort, since some of the tagged birds (3 of them) have been seen to display a couple of times. Now 5:40, things are quite for the first time since I arrived. But trouble is starting - one bird at - I can't keep track of all this - see maps 1-2-3 next pages - On nest J6.5 [illegible] 8 eggs and incubation is well under way - both birds were near, the & most concerned - while I was still in the area she took time out to chase a bird from L10 to I11.- The & at L8 crowed, and she returned to one first, no right behind. For 1 some locality 10:49 a.m. & just charged W18, chasing it from X10 to J13. Some chasing is going on in the area X-M 15+11. The E pair were just copulating, at S23.13. They were out of the water, standing on a mass of floating cat-tails. Couldn't see many details from where I am.

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ILLION 1950 2631. (1) 5:51 Fulica americana -258- south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal ris at-tail scale 0 60' 1"=120'

[illegible] Temescal Regional Park Riverside Co., Cal. part of TEMESCAL

ULLION 1950 No 31 B 5:52 pm Fulica Americana 259 R.R. south part of AKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal scale 0 60' ris at-tail "=120'

[illegible] Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal. [illegible]

ILLION 1950 Mar 3/ (3) 5:53pm Fulica americana 260 R.R. south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal ris st-tail scale 0 60' 1"=120'

Temescal National Park Ibex Co., Cal part of TEMESCAL

February 1950 Fulica americana 261 Apr 1 Lake Temescal, 420ft., Alameda Co., Cal. - A chase seems to be underway from K7, at least birds out at KM 11 are alerted. Mostly very peaceful this morning. All Territorial birds seem to be on or near core areas - first now a SE bird came out, chasing bird feeding at KM 11- then it cut across from L10 to hit at a bird at I8, the hit bird dived, but quickly surfaced and displayed, with its SW mate quickly joining it, forcing the SE bird to retire into the willow to display. 11:03, two birds clashed at M10- and a general mixing up is coming, 7 birds chasing or displaying at L10. Two several birds as in charge portions no chases are underway - see 11:05 map - w/2E made of vicious job at GK once at L10 - another bird charged out to G and they bantered a little, some billing. Just now 11:10, a X way fight at L10 between birds of the flock, E pair came down from their area to M11 before SE 2 came splattering out, first to repulse the E pair, passing other bird to do it, then turning to route the flock out onto open water. One chase went as far as I/8 - but participants unknown, think the chaser was an E bird. W pair had to do some defense at H17. The W 2 is at E14, in the

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ILLION .95) 262 Fulica americana Apr 1 10:43 am. R.R. south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal ris at-tail scale 0 60' "=120'

"Temescal National Park Ieda Co., Cal. part of TEMESCAL"

ILLION 1950 2pc-1--- 10:45 Furbica am-Meani -963 R.R. south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal ris st-tail scale 0 60' 1"=120'

[illegible] [illegible] Temescal Regional Park Napa Co., Cal

ILLION .950 11:05 Fulica americana 264 R.R. outh part of KE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal scale 0 60' is t-tail 1"=120'

[illegible] Temescal National Park Sacramento Co., Cal.

LLION 950 Fulica americana 265 April 11:08 outh part of KE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park lameda Co., Cal scale 0 60' " = 420'

[illegible] part of TIMESCAI Temescal ional Park eda Co., Cal [illegible]

Eulica Americana 266 Apr 1 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. willows keeping "poonking" to her mate who is swimming out from there towards the rocks. Now 11:20, 4 birds are maintaining an alert terrace at IJ 12-13. One bird venturing to L 10 was quickly repulsed. It looks as if two birds from the flock are trying to build a territory based on a core at M 10. They seem to be trying to defend against birds from all angles, mostly other flock birds, but are quickly routed when SE birds come out- I may be mistaken tho. 11:35- watching North trail above the lake- could see a pair defending M 10 another bird moving out of S 7. The SE bird charged, chasing a W bird and flock bird from M 10, then turning back against the M 10 bird. Now 11:40 everything peaceful again. One of the W birds working over to NW corner of rock, got into charge pos. and gave a "pukh- pukh-pukh" while facing his mate at H 12. A moment later SE bird routed (see map 11:43 am p. 267) 3 birds from L 9, chasing one to H 17, returning thru W area, the W pair charged up to intercept, but only a paired display by all 3 birds at H 12, as SE bird returned to chase one of the 3 further out from M 10. Now 2 birds working down along W side of island, on to willow at I 8, when a SW bird came out,

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ULLION 1950 Fulica americana -267 April 1 11:43 am. R.R. south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal ris at-tail scale 0 60' "=120'

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Fulica Americana 268 April 1 Lake Temescal, 42ft., Alameda Co., Calif. chasing one as far as NW corner of Rock, then moved over towards at bird (puddy duck, it dived) at H10, and then returned to its cove area. Now 2 birds are feeding at H7, a momentary display. w/Bl at E17 was chased out by another bird. Nest at P16.2 photographed in BW & color with telephoto. It seems to be quite well developed now, with some dead material woven in. The male seemed to be showing some concern about my presence. Nest at Q23.11, or rather environment, photographed in BW & color. Looked at this nest from the bridge, didn't see any eggs and don't think there are any. Photographed one of the willows showing a browse line; specifically the tree at O35. G/R just got chased out of E17 to H17, the chasing bird returned to chase w/Bl from G17 to G-18. A bird from SE area just chased two birds away from the N side of the rock, one being chased to about I12. Jewel Lake, 510ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. A bird crowing at G15, got no response. Another accompanying bird has come to F11 to dive & feed, while the other bird works S along the cat-tails. Now one of them is resting on a stick at H11 preening, while the other feeds

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GULLION 150 Fulica americana 269 April 1 Jewel Lake 5/10 ft., @ Contra Costa Co., Calif.- - nearby. Since another bird is feeding at L24, I guess there two birds at H11 are both S pair birds. The S pairs have doing a lot of billing etc in the area. EF 11-12. Haven't seen any copulation yet. Found nest P27.7 raided, all but 3 eggs completely gone. Recovered two eggs with big pieces missing, the 3rd egg was undamaged. The nest was somewhat messed up. The NP seems to be absent from the area also. I have seen only one bird in the N area this afternoon. Apr 2. Umo. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif.- Photographs made of syrinx of o'76 &46. Head of 60086/ photographed. L6/13r no change in shield, testotero pellet still present, distance from tip of bill to top of shield 45 mm- shell compared with photograph of 3/17/50. wt 503 gmb.

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. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 270 Apr 2 Univ Cal Campus, Alameda Co. Calif. XU, the bird that died March 17, 1950, showing flat shield of estrogen. P/LG- shield about the same as earlier, may be a little more swollen but not a whole lot. Otherwise, no change. wt. 489 grams. Silvered [illegible] pin has

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GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 271 Apr. 2 Unis. Calif. Campos, Alameda Co., Calif. Caused no tissue reaction, but it seems to be pretty loose in the skin. I'll see now it holds up. O/B - shield same as on March 17, 1950. Couldn't find the Estrogen pellets for sure. WT 4/5 gms. Had to put staples on the tag over the tworn wires. Tip of bill to top of shield 43 mm. O - Very much enlarged from March 17, 1950 -(see comparison on page 288) But otherwise bird about the same. Weight - 495 grams. Plastered the top of its head down with Duco cement. Y/LB apparently a considerable decrease in shield size. No longer 5, but only 55, about class 3 rather than class 11. Photographed. WT 477 grams. Other birds put back to finish tomorrow. P/L6 turned into the pond. With the others.

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V. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 272 Apr 2 Stow Lake, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Calif. Only one coot, that with swollen shield at west side of island - a second heard a moment later, and seen. About 12 coots on @ N side of island W of bridge. 6 coots near the small island E of the big one and about 15 coots scattered over the rest of the area east of the island. No tagged or scared birds seen. Some displaying among the birds N of the big island. Albany, Alameda Co., Calif. About six coots seen nesting in the Salicoria just south of the mouth of El Cerritos Creek this morning Apr 3 Univ Calif Campus Alameda Co., Calif. Of last weeks green food - the swiss chard and grapes have apparently not been touched. Almost all of the lettuce is gone but much of the carrot tops are still present. Some clover put in the area has not been touched, but some grass that was with the clover was carefully selected out and eaten. XR shield 6 S - photographed BW & color. Legs yellow green. Temper [illegible] mild. Wt. -- grams. Painted this birds bill and shield with a bright red nail polish - to see what effect it has, and how long it lasts. Photographed Br in P346 BN and color P346 not weighed, shield

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1. GULLION 950 Fulica americana 273 Apr 3 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. - flat, class 5. XC, photographed, shield [illegible] seems to be down from March 17, 1950 Temper still bad, weight 585. grams. [illegible]

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Fulica americana 274 13 Univ Calif Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. B# - shield 855, weight 399 grams. 1Br #K, O/1Br into pool with others. - All four of the released birds are staying over near the pen, not mixing with the birds that have always been loose which are all under the fens. We seen nibbling with [illegible] while [illegible] sat nearby on the nest. The red billed bird doesn't seem to elicit any particular response from its mates, seems to be fully accepted. - The bird 600861 partly dissected today. Found much fat on body, this bird was in beautiful physical shape. Bezzard contained grit but no food. Examination so far has not definitely established cause of death. Trachea contains a reddish substance, suggesting some disturbance of the respiratory system. Age at least 10 years 10 months (see next page). 5 Same locality This morning in the courtyard things are really happening. In the cage O was briskly chasing and attacking Y/K/B and B#/LG, grabbing them at every opportunity. Outside the cage [illegible] is chasing VG and all the other except W/K, W/B is especially concentrating on P/LG, defending her territory. P/O and red billed X/K seem to be about the

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(1) GULLION 250 Fulica americana 275 Band No.: 40-600861 Reference: UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE PATUXENT RESEARCH REFUGE LAUREL, MARYLAND March 30, 1950 Mr. Gordon W. Gullion Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Berkeley 4, California Reference is made to your letter of 3-24-50 regarding a bird wearing a band with the above number and which you report was: Found dead - cause unknown at present - autopsy to follow. on: About March 20, 1950 at: Lake Merritt, Oakland, California and: Our information on the banding of this bird is as follows: species: Coot age: sex: banded at: Lake Merritt, Oakland, California date: November 16, 1939 by: E. W. Ehmann On behalf of this Service and the bander may we thank you for your cooperation in contributing this information to our studies and investigations of the migrations and life histories of the birds of North America. Very truly yours, [signature] SETH H. LOW, Biologist, Section of Distribution and Migration of Birds, Branch of Wildlife Research. cc: Ottawa, Canada Was band submitted and number verified? Yes Band was filed: Yes returned to reporter: This report prepared by: gmd SEE REVERSE SIDE 3-624 Dec. 1949 16-60731-1 GPO

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V. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 276 Apr. 5 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. only birds not being persistently chased. Twice V/B and once V/G came over to attack the birds in the cage. O displayed opposite V/G once, but V/G did not reciprocate. Very noisy. Lots of "pukko" from V/G and V/B2e and "punk-mink"from W3. V/G2e just attacked and thoroughly cleared up on B-r in the water, having B-r under water for a moment. V/G and W3 came in side by side to participate. I think V/G2e is losing out to V/B so far as W3 is concerned The red billed bird is being ignored in these territory disputes but V/B and V/G are chasing all other birds. P/0 is showing some "nesting" interest in a clump of grass like things growing at the E end of its area. Now W3 and V/G are in the pool together chasing any other bird that dares enter. V/G2e shows interest in W3 but everytime O he tries to get to her V/B cuts him off. Now V/G and O are pecking at one another thru the wire. Now W3 and ?/Be are doing the same. O is carrying a piece of material around the cage. V/B chases O/B-r right by P/0 without showing any antagonism for the latter. These birds are going today despite people in the courtyard or looking out of windows. They are rather unconcerned

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GULLION 950 Fulica americana 277 Apr. 5 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. - about the external environment. I have not seen [V]B[39] have any chance to settle on the nest. [V]B[39] cleans the pool out when [O]/E/ isn't in it [W]B just chased red-hill [X]R. P/O is carrying cat-tail leaves from the "nest" to the corner. [W]B slapping his foot on the pile of leaves. [B]r chases O/[B]r. [V]E[39] trying to settle on the nest was chased off by [V]E/. [W]B standing near the nest in an arch, punking in a low voice, and occasionally slapping his foot. [X]R swimming in the pool and vigorously feeding on numerous insects floating on the surface. Now all is quiet. 8:20 - this section started about 7:50 a.m. [O]/E/, [G]B[39], [W]B O/P all nesting in SE corner, joined [X]R, [B]r, [other X] in S center; the other one must be over in the SW corner. O/[B]r. In the pen P/LG is consistently pecking at [L]B as it gets the chance. O/[B]r was in the cat-tails rather than the SW corner. [O]/E/ sure has yellow legs, and [E]B[39] has yellow green legs. Whenever O starts sniping into the pen the birds outside immediately get aggressive and start chasing and making noises,

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IV. GULLION 950 Fulica americana 278 Apr 5 Lake Temescal, 420ft, Alameda Co., Calif.- O released at K7 at 4 p.m. Very shortly after one SE bird jumped it but didn't engage long. O dived, but did not leave the area. A moment later O swam into the cat tails at O I7. One pair seems to be [illegible] quite peacefully occupying the area LM9-10. A bird is incubating the nest at J6.5 - also it looks considerably built up. Things seem unnaturally quiet today. Haven't even seen any tagged birds yet, or the flocks. W pair are on territory, one is feeding on weeping willow leaves at E12. A SE bird just came out from O7 to chase the M[arrow] to K13, then as the MF cached at K10, SE bird returned to chase her to I11, and then retired. A minute later both M birds were drifting back into their area. The SW pair, the E pair and the W pair are all on territory. The SE M[arrow] was just crowing as he approached his mate at F8 while the W pair fed at F11. 6 birds of the flock are feeding at MN32-35. The nest at P16.12 is considerably built up, maybe going to have eggs soon. The affair at Q23.11 seems to have been converted from a nest to a platform and is now loaded with fecal debris. 3 tagged plus 1 located bird feeding (+1 other UMM) at

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FW. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 279 Apr 5 Lake Temescal, 42 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. P29. No sign of N pair now. O has an enlarged shield, W has a slightly enlarged shield and G & (R) have flat shields. The UNM has a slightly enlarged shield. 3 other UNM birds are feeding in the beach area. 2 more coots are in area F37 and north. Apr 6 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. Two birds of the 5 pair feeding at B10 when I arrived 5:20 p.m. I worked the cat-tails from AC 11 to 16, no nest found but the birds indicated some concern. N? came charging down from M26, then at about F23 moved off to its mate at E27. Checked that area DE 27 to 29, no nest, no concern shown. Apr 8 Univ. Calif. Campus Alameda Co., Calif. The old nest seems to have been completely abandoned, it is now just a loose pile of debris but a new structure seems to be taking shape in the water. At least a bunch of heavier stuff has been broken down and there is quite an accumulation of green cat-tail leaves. Legs on Y6 are becoming YG. Or is busily working through the pile of grass I put out Thursday Apr 5. Apparently it is searching for insects. It is using its bill to move the grass and then looking

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Fulica americana 280 Apr. 8 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif. underneath. Some red is still on the bill of XR, but not much. Little evidence of territorial behavior since at least 7 of the birds loose as in the SE corner. Now Br is in there making 8 of P, but P10 left to join Y16 feeding on the grass. Now WB followed by Y6 came over to feed, the other two birds moving away. W3 came on over to feed on some grain by the pen. Y5 followed her. They fed for a moment with 1½ feet of a Brown Towhee, but after about 30 seconds WB chased the Passerine out of the area. Lake Tamescal 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. w/30 & P and S all seen about noon. A SE bird charged into the pair at M10—quite a paired display but both M birds were routed. They moved around to the SW side of the rock to make movies. There seems to be some conflict in the willows at I7 just now. WB came down to I8, was deflected E by a bird there, was chased out to I11 by a SE bird while the M pair displayed at I9 and a SW bird at I7. The M pair moved N around the island to be attacked by a SE bird as they crossed at L10— the chase going to I17—M♀ came out always but SE♂ regained her, in the

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ULLION 1954 2p. 8 13 /2:33pm. Fulica americana 281 south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal iris cat-tail scale 0 60' " = /20'

[illegible] [illegible] Temescal National Park [illegible] Cal [illegible] of [illegible] part [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

Fulica americana 282 Apr 8 Lake Tamescal, 420ft, Alameda Co., Calif.- Meantime SE ♀ came out to attack W130 who had returned to K 8.♀ and 6NM feeding unmoleted at HI 2 - W130 was doing the same at K 2 until a SE bird came down and chased it on land. Now as W130 wanders around uncertainly on land the SE rests in the water nearby, watched the E pair copulate at ♀ 23.13. Both were swimming at ♀ 24 - the female giving a "poonk" and the male a "punkle", the♀event up onto the cat-tails first, followed closely by the♂. As she crossed the platform she remained silent, but arched and then slapped the platform with her foot. Still arched she settled down on the platform, with her head under water! The male mounted her and starting giving a closely spaced "kunkle, kunkle, kunkle" he did not take hold of her, but gently mounted square on his her back, his head lowered and using his wings for balance. She by now raised her head out of the water, he reared back apparently hanging onto her back with his claws, as copulation took place. The extramission took no longer than 5 seconds, he dismounted and swan off while she stood up and preened for several minutes before leaving. He went towards P16.

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Fulica Americana Apr 8, Lake Temescal, 42 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. - The flock, 5 birds, is feeding at N37. There are two birds (N pair ?) with swollen frontal shields and 3 (including SR) without. 1 cock at H2 is being chased still further up the inlet. W, SW, SE, M and E pair all on territory. Also a pair in the swimming area at the NE end of the lake. And a chase across that area was just now observed. The chased bird going from the outer most platform towards E 35. Neither bird of the W pair seems to have a really big shield. Some crowing at the S end just heard. The F setting at J6.5 (1:45 p.m.) remains in place when the O chases an invader out by the nest, but she gives a low poonk-poonk-poonk. The bird on the nest gave a low punk-unk-uk, punk-unk-uk as a marked Mallard drake fed within 2 feet of the nest, but she made no attempt to leave the nest to defend it. If I have yet to see any aggression against any of the ducks at this year. Two birds just crossed from E/4 to feed at M11. As I approached some cat-tail where the male couldn't see me, the ♀ that could, gave a low "punk-unk" until the O took notice

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Fulica americana 284 Apr 8 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. - of my approach, then she stopped. Just now the E ♂ chased a ♀ Mallard out from P16 and gave him a good flogging. So interspecific strife is starting. The Mallard turned right back into the area he was just chased from, and the ♂ did not attack a second time. Finally saw 0 out feeding at J3 - he ran for the cat-tails when he saw me. The ♀ stayed on the nest when I returned to replace the weighed eggs at J6.5 until I started to reach in, then she jumped off, churned, growled, and moved to the open water where she was immediately joined by her mate. After about a minute her mate left, leaving her to defend alone. Remarked all eight eggs. This nest is much built up from its earlier condition with a very deep cup. The nest at J6.7 is in good shape too. The SW pair has a plat- form underway at H7.25, in a trail I made previously looking for a nest. Nest J6.5 was disturbed about 2:50 p.m. Finally at 3 p.m. she started onto the nest, climbing up the ramp, preening, adjusting cat-tails, in all taking about 1½ minutes before settling on the nest. After she was on the nest she gave a couple of low "punks"

W. GILLION 1950 Fulica Americana 285 Apr 8 Lake Temescal +20ft, Alameda Co., Calif - and was answered with a couple of puffs by her mate at L5. The nest at P/6.2 is well built up, has a nice cup but lacks also a ramp. It is about ready for eggs, unless the nest seen today for the first time at Q 22.13 gets tthem. The structure at Q 23.11 is in complete dis-repair. The presence of dead and green cat-tails in a little cove at K 9.3 on the island looks to be more than coincidence, since the M pair are going to have difficulty establishing a nest elsewhere in their newly cleared area. Q does not seem to be a sociable bird, in fact the only times we've seen it were when it was feeding in the Picnic Area. -> Lake Merritt, s.e. Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif - The population seems considerably thinned out as far as most ducks are concerned, but there still seems to be a fair Coot population. Nearly all the birds present have swollen shields and also a very high percentage of yellow legs. One pinned bird seen but I couldn't get a fix on it. Many of these birds seem to have yellow on the shield in addition to the brown. One pinned bird had a horizontal pin with a wired dangling.

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GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 286 Apr 8 Lake Merritt, e.l., Oakland Alameda Co., Calif. - I would estimate not over 300 birds Costs on the lake today. Aquatic Park, Berkeley, Alameda C. Calif.- 4 birds at 5 end, 6 in the refuge area. - a total of 10 birds on the lake. - returning to Lake Merritt a moment- Lots of fighting and chasing was observed today. The majority of the birds seemed to be in an aggressive mood. Apr 9 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- About 8 a.m. SE♀ was on the nest, as I came in, she got off and churned. Took 2 or 3 pictures of her and 1 of her mate, all in partial display. There was quite a bit of chasing going on in the cat-tails in the SW area. - Feeding birds at P30, got photographs of several birds, ♂ & ♀ and of a charge. When the E♀ came up one of the males N? kept challenging her, chasing etc, but she just kept out of his way, occasionally cackling, and charging him everytime his back was turned. Finally the E♂ came up to P28 to support his mate and the other ♂ left. Shortly afterward E♀ returned to the cat-tails at S23 where she preened for a couple of minutes. While she was standing there, E♂ came swimming around.

W. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana -287- 4/3/50 #652 O 3/17/50 #652 O 4/5/50

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pages 288-289 see photographs

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V. GULLION 1958 Fulica americana 290 Apr 9 Lake Temescal 420 ft, Alameda Co Calif. -the point: she immediately responded by going in a deep arch, spreading under tail-coverts, slap-slapping the cat-tails with one foot and giving a rapide, excited "punt, punt, punt". The male did not respond, but swam right on by. Now 9 a.m., about 15 minutes later the male is on the platform, preening and giving an occasional "pubh?". I can see his mate. Now 9:04, his mate is coming down along to above, giving low "punts", his "pubhs" as he coming more excited but he's still preening, hasn't stopped preening at all. She is feeding along the cat-tails about 5 feet N of him. 9:06, he is still pubhking and preening, she is feeding nervously just N. Now 9:07 he has ceased preening, is pubhking more gamently and is moving cat-tails ground building up the platform. Now she is swimming by to the W, to left, they went over by the G22 nest, then he started chasing her very closely as if trying to mount, she diving when he was almost on her, several times, once he dived behind her, all the while he was giving the "pubh- uh, pubh-uh" note and she the "punts" note. Finally she swam off to the S, he returned to the vicinity of G 23. Photographed - in BW and color - the display platform at 9:23.13 and the nest clump at G 22.

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V. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 29 For 9 Lake Temescal, 42 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. The nest at P/6.2 is built up with dead material laid upon the green stuff used for a base. The dead material had to be brought in since there is very little there, the area having been burned. No eggs in this nest. Although this nest was very exposed when started, the growth of green leaves has pretty well concealed it. The nest at Q22.13 is so well concealed that I am not going to be able to check it, especially since it can't be waded to. A chase, one of the E birds, the ♂?, attached two birds at K/7 and drove them to I/17 where paired display ensued. 2 to 1. When the E bird returned and the other pair moved down into their W territory. I threw out some bread at M/15 and they came across the lake after it. There was some pantering with SE ♂ at the line between M9+10, but the W birds held their own. Once the W ♂ attacked W♀E at M/12 and chased it to K/13. Apparently the W pair and the M pair are the same. See next page for apparent territories today. Now W♂ is chasing UNM out the same place he just chased U/E. This UNM apparently was E♀. Wrong, it was not, E ♂ just chased

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ILLION L9 50 Fulica Americana 292 ? south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal W SW E EO is t-tail scale 0 60' 1"=120'

Temescal National Park eda Co., Cal

W. GULLION 1958 Eulica Americana 293 Apr 9 Lake Temescal, 42oft, Alameda Co., Calif. it from H 5 to I 1/5 to G 1/9. As they penetrated the W Territory, both W birds, this at L 9 and J 11 gave calls. A moment later SE O came out, chasing W O to T 11, displaying and then returning closely followed by both W birds. W O immediately returned to H 10. W O just penetrated to L 8, was driven back out to L 11 by SE & O. No notes, as usual, but SE O displayed W O did not. SE O has been off the nest for a few minutes 10:04 am., and just now climbed back on. SW O started to charge a bird concealed in the brush at F 9, but when the bird came out in the open, he stopped and turned back towards I 8. Apparently it was his mate but he had failed to recognize her half hidden form. SE O just chased the W pair from L 8 to L 11, and displayed. W O then chased SE O back to the L 9-10 line, and a short period display ensued, the W & cackled her encouragement. Apr 10 Univ. Calif. Campus Alameda Co., Calif. V8 displaying on the platform by the wall, V16 was only bird to respond. W8 onto platform by water edge with V6 O close behind. She displayed, tail coverts spread, deep arch, and slapping foot. I'd moved in close, might have mounted except that somewhat walked thru the court- yard at that instance - discouraged

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GULLION Fulica americana 294 Apr 10 University of Calif, Camps, Alameda Co., Calif. Both of them. G89 went back to nearly defunct nest, slapped with feet, alternately, for a moment, then settled down. - Jewel Lake, 570 ft. Contra Costa C., Calif. Arrived about 1:45 p.m. One S bird was feeding at D11. About 5 min later another came out from C13 to feed. A short time later, N# by call, crossed from C24 towards the island, soon after she was on her way, NT came charging out to meet her. She also took the charge pose and they both held it until they passed. Then NT turned south to G20, still charging, but stopped there and came in by the boat. A short time later, both S birds did the same. note: - Apparently when one foot sees another in its territory, it charges it until it has definite proof that it is a friendly bird. They seem incapable of recognition at any distance, and to them must have the bird facing them in order to recognize it. Occasionally a bird will break off a charge before reaching a recognized bird, but after the two will pass one another, drawing up immediately after doing so. A pair of Mallards came out from H4, swam along the W edge to

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GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 295 Apr 10 1:45-1:55 pm. BM 509.70' Scale 0 50 100' JEWEL LAKE Tilden Regional P Contra Costa Co., Calif. N [illegible]

GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 276- Apr 10 1:55-3:30 pm. BM 4 509.70' Scale 0 50 100' JEWEL LAKE Tilden Regional Pa Contra Costa Co., Calif, N

F. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 297 Apr 10 Jewel Lake, 510ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif.- F? - crossed to D11 on To C?E 18. From there over to the west side, either to boat or island - then they encountered NO who chased them to G26. When they crossed F9? To 11 they passed by a few feet from the S pair, but all they were greeted with was a few "punks". One diving bird timer 7+9 seconds. About 3:15 p.m., I chased one bird N?♀? out from C24 - she crossed the lake to G16 when she disappeared into the cat-tails. NO not seen, but both S birds accounted for during time this bird was under observation. Apr 12 Lake Tlomesal, 420ft., Plameda Co., Calif- When I arrived at 12:30 p.m. # a SE bird (the? ?) was carrying a small piece of cat-tail from I 7 to the nest at J6.5 The & incubating bird met it on the ramp and took the piece.# The first bird returning to the water swimming away. Its notes were heard. Just heard a lot of chasing in the cat-tails at the S end but couldn't determining what birds were involved. Things seem to be generally quiet, at least this time of day. A chase at F22 G/R being chased by another bird. As I came to M9, the W pair came over from about H13 to

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ULLION 1950 Apr 12__ 12:30 pm. Fulica americana --298-- c c w/RD c P/G O/G c c south part of AKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal R.R. ris at-tail scale 0 60' 1"=120'}

[illegible] TIMESCAI Temescal Regional Park Mesa Co., Ca. th part of [illegible]

V. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana - 297 Apr 12 Lake Temescal 42oft. Alameda Co. Calif. - M/♀ where they fooled around, waiting to be fed. After a couple of minutes the ♂ started chasing the ♀, giving a low cough like note barely audible. She dived and he immediately behind her. They swan under water from about M 11.20 to F 12:11. When they surfaced, the male swam off in a "pace", while the ♀ remained in place preening. This behavior suggests post-copulatory behavior, thus under-water copulation. The ♀ proceeded to cross to the willows on the W side at E 12-14 - followed shortly by the ♂. - The ♂ got rather excited when a pair of Mallards got close to the cat-tails at 9:22. He charged the ducks but did not actually attack them or attempt to drive them out of the area. The ducks were apparently nest hunting and gave the appearance of planning to enter the nest area. When they moved back up into the Inlet they were not molested but were watched, and when they started out again the ♂ foot charged again, until they passed the nest and then

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N. GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 308 Apr 12 Lake Tamecal, x20ft., Alameda ls., Calif.- He ceased the chase. The next at Q 23.11 and the copulatory platform at Q 23.13 seems to be defunct. Now a m, (SE m?) just chased a f bird, by alternate charges, and splatters, from near the island to I 22. No, I guess it was the W m doing the chasing since he returned to E 14 and was greeted by his mate there, she giving one "poonk". A bird at F 22 gave a momentary display as the W m turned off from the charge, and another bird is preening at G 19. Now a short charge at F 22 - w|Bl and f being charged - another unmarked bird was either assisting or also charged, couldn't sure. It was short lived. A bird crowing at F10 went unanswered. Now a pair of Mallard at in the E inlet all being chased noticed but not attacked, tho about 2 feet from an E bird, another of Mallards did attack. However- f & UVM feeding at F 18, were charged by a bird with large shield moving down from F 20. W|Bl seems to be staying close to F 22 and f at F 18. The bird that apparently has been feeding with f so much of the time it is W|Be? He scared bird. Shield on w|Bl is swollen, on f, 55. Just now 2:45 p.m. an E bird chased both birds of

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BULLION 1950 Apr 12 1:20 pm. locations of birds. Fulica americana -301- c c c c c C-W/32 RR. my position c C- South part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal ris at-tail scale 0 60' "=120'

Temescal Temescal floral Park eda Co., Cal Scale 0 60

JLLION 1950 2ar 12 Displays and shows. 12:30- p.m. Eulica americana -302 south part of AKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal [illegible] sis at-tail scale 0 60' 1"=120'

"[illegible]" 0 80 Scale 1"=150' [illegible] Temescal National Park, Gard Co., Cal. of part

Fulica americana 303 Apr 12 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. - a pair of Mallards out from Q 27, the Coct chased the O first, then returned to get the O. 18 of the 20 eggs in nest T6.5 are now gone, #1,5,4,6,3,8,7, are the ones remaining; #2 is missing. The nest has a lining of dead willow leaves, also some dead and green grass on the ramp. Both birds are close by, in the cat-tails, churning, but only the O is growling. The structure at H 7.25 is apparently a display or copulatory platform; another structure, more concealed and nest like, is started at T6.1. It is composed entirely of dead cat-tail material, short pieces, on the base of th a large pushed over clump of cat-tails. - Aquatic Park, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. 3 coots left at 5 end. All with SS shields. 4 in the refuge area, shields not fully swollen, couldn't be sure but probably SS. Apr 14 - same Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. The nest at Q 22.13 is well built up, both birds nearly, both in charge position as they quietly swim round in the vicinity. The display platform at Q 23.13 seems to be completely defunct. Photographs BW and color taken looking N along E territory. When cI looked at nest T6.5 at first today no bird was on it, a moment later a feeding bird came over and deliberated

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Fulica americana 304 Apr 14 Lake Ternesal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. and slowly climbed up on it. Carefully adjusted the eggs and settled down. The nest at I6.1 is considerably larger, a second layer of coarser larger stems and a couple of green parts worked in. What may be the beginning of a ramp running off to the SW of the nest, composed a two fairly large stems. Cate tails are now about 6 feet above the water surface. When I first waded into J6.5 I flushed a bird off that I thought was the F, then about 5 minutes later, returning to the nest, I flushed a bird off I knew was the male. After a couple of churns the F came from down S to join him but did not churn or growl. Once she gave a couple of "punk's". Tried to photograph the F Churning in BW. 7 eggs in the J6.5 nest. - Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif.- On arrival, about 5 p.m. both S birds were feeding at D12. I worked to cat-tail at B+C 11,12&13. Then cut over and worked F9, then GHI 8 to 18, K to M/9, and all the cat tails around the island. Saw NF feeding alone, giving an occasional "punk" at F27+28. Found a nest with 17 eggs at M25.19. Very well concealed, right in the midst of an extremely thick stand of dead

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V. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 305 Apr 14th Jewel Lake 510ft. Contra Costa Co., Calif. Cat-tails. It is a very small, compact nest, somewhat elevated above the water. The ♂ had been on it, left as I approached at P26. When I got close to the nest, he churned, “purked” and gave a note somewhat like that growl but not the same. The female showed some interest in the nest but never seemed to be as fully concerned as the ♂. The ♂ left the nest at about 5:45 pm, it is now 6:15 and he is still off. He has approached it at least 6 times, with neck graning, but not going in. Twice he purred the female pecking at her until she dried, once he charged from P26 to G18 but did nothing except song rowse a couple of “purks” from the ♂ at C15. At 6:18 he was out of sight for over a minute in the reeds, but came out, now 6:20 he is bedding back. Once the ♀ climbed onto some floating cat-tail at N27.5 - he went over, purked a few times and mounted her. I doubt if they copulated. He fell off and she pecked at him a couple of times. Then stood up and fanned his wings. After that he went over to the nest area at 6:18. At 6:25, he is over there again, still crouning but not on. I hope they are not going to desert this nest.

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I. GULLION 950 Apr 17 Lake Tamescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. On arrival, at 1:41 p.m., a bird was sitting tight on nest J6.5. E pair in copulation at 1:55 p.m. at G23.9. One bird was making a low, clear "put- put- put," or similar note as the ♂ wás mounting. One bird jumping for leaves of weeping willow at G24. That bird moved to D26 to feed the same way there. On the heat of the day, as it is now at 2:05 p.m. most of the coots are in shaded areas. Mostly feeding some, but a few just sitting and preening. At 2:10 ♂ pursuit, tho not active, as two birds moving from E13 to F17 caused a bird at F16 to move to F20. The trailing ♀ poonked at least three times but the leading ♂ remained silent. G/R and an unmarked bird seem to be occupying the M area today. No UNM bird gives the ♀ "poonk". G/R gives the ♂ call. I haven't seen them actually billing, but they seem to be amiable enough and once UNM "poonked" in G/R's direction, G/R preoccupied with a couple or two. They spend their feeding time at the cat-tail thicket at O13, but range to the island. Saw G/R billing with the UNM bird at J10. - At 2:30 p.m. a boat from the fisheries class came down the lake, sending one coot

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ULLION 1958 367 05.17 Location of birds 2 p.m. Fulica americana south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal C scale 0 60' ' = 120' is st-tail

[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] Temescal National Park, Solano Co., Cal. [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] scale 0 60' 1"=250'

Fulica Americana -308- Apr.17 Lake Temescal, 420ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- scolding from the E side to the west side. Apparently the ♀ while sitting on the nest at J6.5, gives a few pattle "pookas". A moment later the other bird came to the nest carrying a bill full of dried cat-tail material. As the nest was approached the bird on the nest came down the ramp to take the material from the approaching bird and to weave it into the nest while the other bird wandered off. A moment later, it turned out that the bird off the nest is the ♀ the bird on the nest then is the ♂. ♂ has a swollen frontal shield. Is now wandering around on the island much disturbed by the boat on the lake. ♂ finally got down and around the boat area, swinging into the willows at P14 w/Bl, ♀, ♂/♀ all seen on the lake, and one of the fisheries fellows reported ♂ in the cat-tails at the S end. Closing in to the nest at J6.5 both birds are off the nest, but in the cat-tails about two feet from the nest. The ♂ is busily churning, the ♀ growling, the ♂ came in closest. Once the male gave a growl like note, similar but quite different from the ♀. The nest at I6.1 now has a cup. The ramp is developing to the SE,

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GULLION 1950 Fulica americana -389- fig 17 Territorial Behavior Evident today Probable limits south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal ris at-tail scale 0 60' 1" = 120' RR.

Temescal ational Park ameda Co., Cal of part of Temesca [illegible] [illegible] scale 0 60' list

7. CULLION 1950 Fulica Americana -3/10- Apr 17 Cele Temescal, 422 ft, Alameda Co, Calif. The platform at H.7.25 has a considerable accumulation of material both green and dead but is not taking the shape of a nest. nest I6.1 This SW pair showed interest in defending this area for the first time today. The M went out into the open water but looked as if he was seriously considering churning, while the F remained in the cat-tails, close by, until the last minute, spooning. Walking along the W side I ceased out birds, perhaps all non-territorial. w15E and E were among them. As they drifted out towards K17, G/R came out from O14, moving to L16, and maintaining an aggressive position, deflected the flock back towards I13. After they were deflected, without actually attacking any, he crowed twice. Now 3:45 p.m. G/R is back at O14 with an UNM bird. Potamogeton is beginning to show up as an important part of the diet. That is, many birds are eating for it frequently. M

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Fulica americana -311- Apr 17 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. One bird from the S pair foraging in area D-E 10:41. alone. This is the only Cost visible on the lake. at 4:45 p.m. It is the ♀, now a gang of people moving along the road at the E side have caused the ♀ to move out of the cat-tails at D12 and to cross to F-9. Now I can hear but not see the M♂. When this same mob of people came across the dam they chased the Goose out of the NW Cove and it moved down without any disturbance from the coots. A moment ago a bird was visible at 6/8 but it is now out of sight. Checked the nest at M25, 19. Eggs warm and all present. No defense until about 2 minutes later when the ♂ came out of the cat-tails at M27 and moved around to K25 to “pnhk” and chum (5:10 p.m.). The ♀ later came up from H18 to join but not to take any part in the display. Could clearly see the band on the leg of the ♂, so I know he is a last years bird. Apr 19 Univ. Calif. Campus Alameda Co., Calif. Bird 00086 dissected further. Spleen looks normal or slightly granular, ovary normal save for large follicles, oviduct dilated and flabby. Removed cloacal.

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Fulica Americana -312- Apr 19 Elsinore, Calif., Campus, Almoda Co., Calif. section - but was unable to find any bursa, tho what was probably the pocket was found. Probably the bursa has sealed by time a bird is 11 years old. This bird was pure in good physical shape. Caelom is really loaded with fat. Tags on LG/3R replaced by completely new style W-2. No change in shield. Weight 431 grams. To be released in the pool. X&B photo - BW. Y/1B replaced by new model G-Y/8. Weight 444 grams, into pool. P/1G - with silver pin, had to be re-pinned since pin had worked very loose and was nearly ready to drop out. Incidentally, the pin on LG/3R was well sealed into the skin, and a mass of scar tissue came along when the pin was removed. LG/2Q- photographed, shield class 11/5. Weight 518 grams, scale as relatively so. Old tag style replaced by new G - LG/2Q same pin tip used again. Legs yellow-green, brown on thigh. P/1O, photographed B+W, p.347, silvered pin pretty well thrown out of body, will repin it deeper. Weight 452 grams. Legs yellow/glo Green. 9/3E- photographed in B+W. Shield further needed, to 4 SS or maybe S. Bill painted with mail polish. Weight Legs green.

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Fulica americana -3/13- Apr 19 Unis. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co. Calif.- &c photographed B+W. Shield 11 S. Weight 5X0 grams. Old tags replaced with W-01B. R26 - legs yellow-green burnt a bout 20 mm. - Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co. Calif.- Bird 6/R in area M11 with UNM at 4:45 p.m. A bird on the nest at J6.5 at 4:50 p.m., a little concerned about a ? Red-wing fooling around nearby. Released red billed BLs at R22 at 5:05 p.m. Tho the ? was on the nest at G22.13, he did not leave the nest, merely "punked" several times. Shortly after the ? "punked" and the ?, at G26 responded with a couple of "psponks" and came swimming down to drive BLs out to about L23 at 5:10 p.m. W/BL at H23 came out to meet BLs and curiously followed her to F26 then back down towards G22 and finally out to L26. While at L26 the E? poonked twice, then the two BLs & W/BL moved S, W/BL attacked BLs once, but mostly has been swimming close by with its neck up and tail partly spread. Finally at J22 a UNM came out to join the two, also curious. R?B then moved on down to H13, where ? came out to meet her, and where they billed for a moment. Then a dog came swimming in the

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FULLION 1950 2pm 19 route of 8% the release. Fulica Americana 314 N south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal ris at-tail scale 0 60' 1" = 120' willing 5:35 5:50 W/BS 5:25 pm Chase by EP released 5:05 pm R.R. ROAD

"Temescal" "National Park" "Sedg Co., Cal" "part of"

W. GULLION 1950 Eulica Americana 315 Apr 19 Lake Tamescal, 420 ft, Alameda Co, Calif. Lake and all the flock moved towards I 22. The Ruddy Ducks seem to be afraid of the red-billed bird, while the Easts are all just curious. White followed her closely for about 15 minutes, till 5:30 p.m. but then lost interest. Now 5:35 p.m. G is following B% near K13. As B% moved in to M13, G/R came "pukking" down, charging from the island, and E? came moving S from O22, "poonking". B% moved out accompanied by a [illegible]. As the two birds some fellows throwing rocks at the two birds in the M territory scared them out to about L 16+14. As they stopped, they both turned and cachled or crowed at their tormentors. A chase from the SW area and p display at I 10. Now 5:45 p.m. a chase to I 36 by a bird from the N? pair. Now B% is alone, swimming to shore near F20. G/R is feeding at K8. E unmolested by the S pair. He went onto land when I walked up, then around the island coming out on the W side. For a moment another bird was more or less puruing him in charge position but I think it was his mate. Now 5:52 p.m. he gave a couple of loud "pukki" at K11. - Nest at I 6.1 has 2 eggs.

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Fulica Americana 316 Apr 19 Lake Temescal 420ft, Alameda Co., Calif. In it, both warm. Numbered 1 & 2, no parental concern displayed. Nest is not built up further, or very little, from what it was Monday, April 17. There are several breast feathers on the edge of the nest. As I approached (6:20 pm) nest #6.5, the ♀ met me with poonking and churning. After she ♂ joined her and churned. 7 eggs in nest, all warm, non-pipped. They smell a little rotten, shook #1, it seemed to slosh around. Now 3 nests are active, and all three apparently incubating. Don't know how many eggs are in #22.13. Apr 21 Aquatic Park, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Foot population seems to have completely left this lake. None at all this morning. A few Scapcs around tho. Lake Temescal 420ft, Alameda Co., Calif. Bird W-01B (formerly #C) is to be released here this morning with its crown feathers flattened with Duco cement. Burva is a little over 15 mm, its right hallux is broken and its feet are generally in poor condition. It has leg bands S-B. Frontal shield is large, bill a little battered. Left exposed shank is red-orange. Bird released at 12 m at R22. ♀ nearly off nest, ♂ on nest, giving low poonbs to encourage E♂ as he displays near nest.

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Fulica americana -317- Aug 21 Lake Temescal, 420 ft. Alameda Cr., Calif. E ? did not respond immediately to the release of W-0/8, but let him go into the cat-tails at 9 23 first. Shortly after E ? went over, routed W-0/8 out of cat-tails and drove him out to 1421. W-0/8 escaped by going most of the distance under- wate r . Apparently the flattened head feathers alone are not sufficient to deter attack, but rather knowledge of the area as well as a general aggressive attitude are probably required. W-0/8 moved down the lake (see page 318) into the Waxa, from which he and a UNM were routed. 9/8E has lost his tags but still has a red bill. That means two scarred birds are on the lake. W-0/8 has worked N along the Weide of the lake to about F 20 but has now turned back south. No particular antagonism has been shown by other birds towards W-0/8 except when he has invaded territorial waters. Now 12:20 p.m. ? is charging into the Waxa to E13. Now a paired display between ? and two UNM at E15 -? defending the S area. Just previously ?, 9/8E & W/B were diving and feeding GH 114/12. ? is charging from J11 towards L10. 12:25 p.m. I have

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HULLION 1950 Fulica americana --318- Lps-21- route of V-01/B two release. R.R. chase released 12:00 12:14 12:18 >12:25 south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal ris tat-tail scale 0 60' 1"=120'

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F. GULLION 1950 Eulica americana 319 pg. 21 Lake Tonescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. Completely lost track of W-01B. After E? chased W-01B to the middle of the lake, he churned once, silently, before returning to "charge" me. 12:30, just now a general tangle at H/12. Main feature was ? attaching W-01B from amidst a group of about 10 Coots. ? & got in a couple of good licks. Several birds came in close, at least 5 were in momentary pair p display, and several birds gave two "puk-cowah" notes. Even a bird at P16 responded. Now an E bird is out at M18, "patrolling" a boundary, as a flock is moving N along the middle of the lake. No aggressiveness yet, just being present. It is tho ? since the ? is "poorhng" from on the nest. Now he has left his patrol to move towards O 23. The red-billed bird seems to be fully acceptable to the other coots. It is treated the same, as at least seems to be. Can clearly see the tags & color on W-01B at J17 while I sit at R21, with the light directly against me. ? with an UNH seems to be in full control of W area now. I wonder why the overturn. The opportunities for identifying W-01B are not as great as with the other style, but if they last longer, that

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JILLION 1950 Apr 21 Fulica Americana -370 Territories defense seen today chase (-display fight patrol boundary. South part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal scale 060' is -tail "=120'

"[illegible]" Temescal National Park Sede Co., Cal of Part

Fulica americana 321 Apr 21 Lake Tamescal, 420ft., Alameda C'y, Calif. Grouback will be more than overrulled. Now with W-0/\B at F/6 I can not definitely make out the B on the tag, only the W or O. The orange tends to flood out the blue color. The sun however is directly above the bird. The ? on the nest at 8:22.13 gives an occasional "poonk" from the nest. She has been off the nest once for about one minute during the last hour. Several birds swimming at G/16 have their heads elevated, in an alerted condition. Now the 3rd bird moved out of that area and two birds are billing there. Now W-0/\B moving in, the other two birds move off. W-0/\B moving up to N/BE & UNM at J/16, both birds lifted their tail coverts, and while continuing to preen, moved away to the E. No bird on the nest now 12:59 p.m., one was down towards P/16, the other north of Q/23. After the ?(north) gave a few calls pt of the area, the ? came up from the S, gave some notes and after a moments sparring, the ? went onto the nest! Now 1:57, W-0/\B, N/B? and ? are together at H/11, smoothly preening. The nest at F/16.2 has nearly completely disintegrated. Apparently no one longer used even as a platform.

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Fulica americana -322- Apr 21 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. 4 eggs in the nest at I 6.1. The ♀ gave one "poonk" from the nearby cat-tails but did not close in tight in defense. Egg #8 hatched in nest 56.5 - young dry marked L1, too small to tag. Both parents close by. Bet no other eggs hatch, none pipped. W-O/B seems to be taking quite a beating at the hands of other birds. One ♂/♀ joined him at K 11 and at least twice /♀ got him over on the edge of the water. Despite other birds close in, neither of these birds were seen N of K 8 today. Photographed SE birds in display by the nest today in color. Apr 22 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. When I arrived at 5:50 a.m. 3♀ was feeding at E 6. Shortly thereafter, ♂ came out of H 4. 3♀ "poonked" and scurried directly across to I 7 where she went into the cat-tails. Now 6:04, one in feeding at G12, diving for Potamogton. Examined area I J 3+4 for nest, none, went to nest at H DS.19. Bird on the nest, flushed off and was the ♀. These eggs seem smaller than they generally run. She poonked and churned close to the nest. The ♂ came splattering & charging across from E 27, but was not as active in nest defense as the ♀. Now 7:15, the sun is on the lake, one south bird has been up right

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GULLION 950 Fulica Americana 323 Apr. 22 Jewel Lake, 51/2 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. at G-2 for awhile but is now gone. What looks very much like a display platform at C 13. 11. It is almost identical to the one photographed at Lake Temescal (B 23. 13). It is composed of a bunch of broken up cat-tail leaves on some coarse floating stater. Some green stuff worked in but not much some fecal matter on the edge of it. If this S pair has a nest, and I believe they do, it must be the the early stages of development or incubation since they give no sign of defense or even interest in any area. I checked F-9, also A B C 12 to 17, F+6 3+4, without getting a rise out of either bird. Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. - 5 eggs in nest I 6. 1. ♀ ready poorting and chirning (8:36 a.m.). Some sort of an elaborate platform at I 6. 5. Not a nest, but looks like a display platform. Probably has been here for several days, unnoticed. SE ♂ was quibbling at me while I am examining this platform. A new nest at J 7. 21, about 5 feet from the platform Well formed cup etc and ramp facing to W. ♀ on nest with one upq. Egg #1 & 7 hushen, both rotten. ♂ng left nest. Got into nest ♀ 22. 13, found 4 marked 7 eggs. Both birds were in very close in defense of the nest. ♂ & ♀ both on territory,

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Fulica americana 324 Apr 22 Lake Temescal 420 ft. Alameda Co., Calif saw nest killed 9/20, but most of the red is gone, just very large scar on back of nest. Also WIBL was around. Didn't see W-01B or O. Apr 24 Lake Temescal, 7 eggs in nest T6.1. The♀ intercepted me as I came into the area and was much concerned over my presence. After about 5 minutes (9:00 a.m.) the ♂ seems to have joined her. Nest doesn't seem to be any more built up since the 22d but the ramp is very much better developed. Perhaps recently so, since it is composed of very wet material. As I move into the J6-7 area the SE pair meets me. They are doing a lot of billing and generally seem somewhat concerned over my presence near the new nest & platform. Nest J6.5 has 4 eggs in it, all four warm. No sign & sound from the one hatched young. Both birds nearly but neither overly concerned about my presence. They are swanning good, but not churning or making any vocal protests. Nest Q22.13 has seven eggs in it, all are warm, the♀ was on the nest. As I moved down toward the nest area the ♂ came charging down from P16 to swan near the nest. After I left the nest, both

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GULLION 950 Fulica americana 325 Apr 24 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. Birds swam around in the inlet area. After a couple of minutes the ♂ gent into the cat-tails at 023.6, and pulked and flapped a foot for nearly a minute while the ♀ swam near the nest. Getting no response from her he came out, she met him, they both swam over to the nest area around to the S side, and one went onto the nest. The ♀ is on the nest, the ♂ swimming

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Tulica Americana 326 Lake T gumeral, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. Nearby at G21. The ♂ shows no inclination to leave this area so long as I remain nearby. The ♀ of this pair is noticeably smaller than the ♂. As I started to leave the area, the ♂ called her off the nest, and both swam abreast no far a way. Both have large shields, but hers is smaller. Hers seems more rounded at the bottom his more square, but I don't think I could separate them on that character. She returned to the nest after a short absence. Although the platform at P16, 2 is completely defunct, when I waded out to it the ♂ responded immediately, by puking and moving down this area, then maintaining patrol off shore while I stand here writing this note. Both birds of the E pair have bright yellow legs. Among the M pair at least UNM has yellow leg, whether ♀ does or not I am not sure. The local population seems much reduced now. Thus far this morning I have been able to account for the SW, SE, M and E pairs, plus W/BL and 2 or 3 on the NW side of the lake. The N pair seems to be gone and I have not definitely accounted for the W pair this morning. Just now 10:00 am., SE bird ♂? chased both M birds from L9.2 to X11. MO made no reply but M♀ cawed, SE ♂ went back home.

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Finicia Americana 327 Apr 24 Lake Temescal, 420 ft, Alameda Co., Calit. ♀ has apparently lost his tags over the week end. Two well scarred birds are on the lake. One is obviously ♀♂, tho all the red is gone from her bill, and ♀ having been on the Worea is now unaccounted for but, a recently scarred bird is, which must be ♀. I wonder what has happened to ♂. No sign of him on the lake. 3 cots chased out of D33-34 - one went off down the lake, but the other two event out only as far as F-33 where they stopped to fill and preen. Now as a Starling with a [illegible] tail, they are coming back into the [illegible] at D33. There must be about 17 cots on the lake today, considering those counted and those on territory and not seen. At 11:00 a.m. a bird is on nest J6.5, but does not seem to be sitting tight. I suspect it is brooding the young. When I felt the eggs a while ago they were warm but not as hot as when being really incubated. Now opposite, nest ♀22.13♂11:05 The ♂ is watching me closely. He has a shield the shape of class 3 whereas the ♀ is more in class 2. W/♀ seems to be regularly chasing W-♂/♂ back and forth down the middle of the lake, from about J22 to J14 and back. I don't know what the conflict is.

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ULLION 1950 p=24-- location of birds 10:30a... Faulia americana -328- C -> e-> c-> C->scarred. C -> C w/b C w-o/b C -> south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal [illegible] [illegible] scale 0 60' 1"=120'

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Fulica americana 329 Apr 24 Lake Temescal, 420ft, Alameda Co., Calif. E♂ has legs that are almost orange, suggesting very old age. The ♀ is sitting tight on her nest. E♂ now feeding at Q 23.16, eating dead partly rotted cat-tail stems. Its material he is getting from under the water that is easily broken up. There should be no shortage of food now, with streamers of Potamogeton nearing the surface in most parts of the lake. No E♂ having been gone for a few minutes is now coming N directly to the nest area then around to the W, beyond the P 23 point and on north. No notes. Now 11:54 E♂ coming S by the nest, and in to look at me; a quick look and he drifts S. Now, 12:02 p.m. E♂ is feeding on algae at R 23. 1/. Now 12:07, for the first time since 11 a.m., the ♀ on the nest is "cooning" as the ♂ swims by. At 12:10 p.m. The ♀ got up and silently left the nest. The ♂ "pushed" as she he followed her to P 23 where she dived for Potamogeton. At 12:11 he was on the ramp, carefully adjusting things as he goes, finally settling down at 12:12 p.m. E♀ took off north after making one check to see that the ♂ was still going on the nest. She broke off a piece of dried leaf from a nearly cat-tail stem before moving off.

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Apr 24 late Temescal, 400ft., Alameda C., Calif. The shift was silent except for the moment the ♂ followed the ♀ just after she came off the nest. No display or vocal routine, one just gets off the nest, and the other climbs in. 12:19 p.m. a SW bird just chased a ♂ mallard out of its area, then returned to T7 to display at something. The E ♀ has not been back near the nest since she left at 12:11 p.m. (12:25 p.m.). When I was back near the nest at 12:42 p.m. E ♀ was bringing a piece of cat-tail across from P23.15 towards the nest. She dropped it when I appeared and moved down to R23.11 to feed on algae. Then she moved back out, tugging on some dried cat-tail for a moment before moving on out to P22 from where she moved S. The shield on this ♀ is in class 9 rather than 2. She left the nest area going S about 12:45 p.m. Now 1:16 p.m. the E ♀ is “pooching” down towards P16. At 1:21 p.m. E ♀ came up to R21.24 the ♂ on the nest puffed twice and left the nest. She picked up a couple of pieces of dry cat-tail, was met by the ♂ as she brought them in to add to the nest. At 1:24 p.m. she was busy working the stuff into the nest, was finished by 1:25. She was silent during the exchange. The ♂ went off to

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Fulica Americana 331 Apr 24 Lake Temescal, 420ft, Alameda Co., Calif. -the M and then returned to preen for a short time by the nest, and then move on south. About 1:20 & ? was driving W O/B out of the W area. He really trounced him royally, the latter finally going to F19 after having been pursued on and under the water from H14. Now 1[illegible]:35, E O is in the nest area for the second time since to left the nest. He is feeding at Q23.19 and thereabouts. Now he is bathing at Q23.13, enjoying himself. At 1:45 he is preening at Q23.13. Has been for about 10 minutes. Finally, at 1:50 he quite preening and moved gone to the S side of the nest area. The ? "poonkel" four times but sat tight, he patrolled just out of the area, but she didn't come off. 1:53, the ? is pushing at Q21, then moved N by the point at P23, ? did not respond. Now 1:55, ? gave a couple of low "punts" tho ? responded immediately by moving from the P23 pt into the inlet opposite the nest, facing me. Then he moved to P23.11 to feed. He's still there preening now 1:59 p.m. Now 2 p.m. he has moved to the point at P23, where he pushked twice and then drove. Now 2:01 he has moved around to the S side of the nest and is going S. Now 2:10, E O back in area, was feeding at P23.11, then moved over my nest and finally off to the S.

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W. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 332 Apr. 24 Lake Tamescal, 420 ft., Nameda Co., Calif. At 2:23 p.m., the E ♂ at G 23.11 gave a "pubb". He is resting and preening in the shade. Now 2:27, E ♂ moved over near the nest; ♀ pooshed 2 or 3 times, ♂ gave a few high "pubbs", ♀ came off the nest after the ♂ was already on the ramp. He adjusted cat-tails as she moved off wide from P21 to P17. ♂ quickly settled upon the nest. E ♀ has been in area G 25 for the past little while. Now at 2:55 another change, this one completely silent. The ♀ moved into the cat- tails and I would not have been aware of the shift but for the sound of the ♂ walking down the ramp. Now 3:10 p.m. E ♂ still in general nest area. 3:30 p.m. E ♂ has been out of area for awhile put is now down in S of the nest. E ♂ (3:35) is preening at G 23.13. 3:38-E ♂ pubbs 3 times, came not apparent yet, he's still in to same position. About 3:39 he left, went to point P 23, then started S towards P 17. 3:46 E ♂ back at P 23. After feeding there for about 3 minutes he looped around to the S side of the Nest area and then moved up on the ramp. Ab ♀ made no noise but the ♂ gave quite a series of low "pubbs". By 3:50 he was settled. The ♀ moved off the nest, out to P 23 and S,

V. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 333 Apr 24 Lake Tonescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. -d quit watching the nest at 4:04 p.m. the S♀ had not yet returned. When I moved down S I found her at P/5- giving the "publz-unk" note several times. Apr 26 Same locality Having arrived at 4:05 a.m.-still can't see to write- it was too dark to really see any activity but could near splashing in the general vicinity of the E area nest. At 4:23 heard some low punts from the nest and the noise of birds clambering around on the nest. A bird was seen to come out of the cat-tail clump, so I suspect a change took place. (Sue will be nice to see what I'm writng). - At 4:30 the E ♂ gave 3 "publes" at Q 23. So the ♀ is now on the nest. Now at 4:42 another coat is sounding off at the S end, again a ♂. Now 4:50 another cost ♂ sounded off in the W area. 4:53 a E bird (♂?) came around the point at P23 and down to the nest area, in to potor against me. No notes. He finally gave 3 "publes" before swimming S. 5:55 it is now light enough to see

Fulica americana 334 Apr 26 Lake Teresal 420 ft, Alameda Co, Calif. Out on the lake quite closely, but the lines on this page are just barely visible. 5:05 it is fully light now, easy to see lines on this page, the coots have just become really active in the last few minutes. The W pair and M pairs have been noisy and one of the SW bird could be seen out feeding. The E ♂ is still S. 5:15 a.m. ♂ has come back to the nest area. At this same time W-0/3 w/UNM was seen at F 19. 5:20 E ♂ over at R 23 feeding some but not very brightly feeding. Now he "punks" several times. 5:21, a bird is punting across the lake. At 5 a.m. [illegible] some crowing and general noises were heard at the S end. 5:25, a couple of coots could be heard not too far S along the E side. ♂ at Q 21.24, ♀ on that gave several "poonbs". Now 5:28 a.m. 2 ♂♀ 1♀ mallard landed in E inlet, are giving E ♂ a bad time, but he is showing no aggression, just uneasiness. He is close in on S side of nest clump. 5:30 he is still there, swimming with his head erect, this the Mallards have all just left. Now 28 seconds later 2 ♂♀ 1♀ Ruddy Ducks come in to Q 22.21, he watches them closely, then after about a minute chases them away, not charging, then finally he presses one so closely it has to dive, so they moved out. Now 5:33 he is back in position. He gave a plaintive "pooer" and moved a little way out, then back to

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Fulica americana 335 V. GULLION 1950 Rpt 26 Lake Temescal, 420ft., Alameda Co., Calif. the nest area. 5:35 he moved to Q20 the made a little ways then S again. 5:40 he has been back in the area for a couple of minutes now. 5:41 here come the Buddies in again, he started out as if to cut them off then went to the point at P23. The Buddies later moved off N(5:42). 5:44 he is back in the nest area again, passed by and moving on south. 5:50 he returned to the nest area and is feeding on the edge of the nest clump. 5:54 the ♀ is giving several low "punts" as the ♂ swims first S of the nest, then he took out around the P23 point to line at Q24. Now he has moved back (5:59) to Q23. 13 to farren. 0600 its own is now on the tops of the trees high above the W side of the lake. 6:05 he left went to Q25- Now 6:09 he is back to S of nest clump. 6:13 he is feeding at Q20.4, now he has moved on S. 6:21 he returned to the nest area, stayed for a moment before moving on to R23. By 6:26 he was back S of the nest area again. At 6:29 the ♀ was giving some pecks onto nest. 6:33 after being N of P23 for a couple of minutes ♂ returned to Q23. 6:39, ♂ at Q23 gave 3 "pecks". 6:40 sun is on the cat-trails at P23. 6:49 ♂ came E S from P23 to P21, then turned in and back to nest area. 6:52. he has gone to R23. 7:01 ♂ just passed E of nest clump on way S. E a short time later these seemed to be a little Disagree

V. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 336 Apr. 26 Lake Tomescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- ment down the line. The sun is now pretty well out (7:05) all the 2 nest clumps. 7:07 the on the nest just gave a series of 'punks-inks', but seems to have gotten no response. 7:12 her comes the E N, in charge past the nest area, no, stopped & returned to it. He gained finally on the E side, going to R23. 7:16 he returned by nest area, then went on S. 7:30 S coming back to nest area, went on by N of pt P23. 7:39, E flew down from about 27 to attack a pair of Mallards at P 22. They moved off S and he fed along shore at Q 21. He just dived, brought up a cat-tail tip leaf and is now feeding on the whitish base. 7:48, he has moved to 24.25 where he is now feeding. 7:49 he is moving S at P 20. 8:13 E back in nest area. 8:15 he charged me as I moved in to sit down at R 21, swarming and all. Now 8:17, he is at Q 23.13 greening. Incidentally, when he was near the nest at 8:13 the was 'punting' and he was in the cat-tails there, but there was no change. Saw 5 or 6 birds of the flock at D 38 or thereabouts. 8:27 a Ruddy climbing on the cat-tails at Q 23.11 has the E at Q 23.13 interested. He went over after it. The Ruddy dived and he went down right behind it. He came up at P 23.17, the Ruddy at about Q 22.13 and then moved off S. Now, after being continuously in the area since 8:13, the E is going S towards-

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Fulica americana 337 p.26 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. - P16 again. 8:46 a.m. the ♀ on the nest the "punking" "punk-unk" "punk-unk". No response. Now 9:03, E♂ is rapidly moving to the nest area, the ♀ [illegible] several times as he approached, and changed to a series of "punts" at 3 second intervals after he passed. Now the ♂ at Q24 is punking, the ♀ (9:05) "punking" on the nest. At 9:07. E♂ came around at P23, worked into the cat-tails there to feed. The E♀ made "punts" as "poonks" for about 2½ minutes at 2-5 second intervals. 9:10 a.m. Two crows from the S part of the lake. 9:12 - ♂ preening at Q23.13, ♀ started "punking" on the nest again. Train came up the tracks, 9:13 a.m., ♀ got off the nest, ♂ came over gave a nervous "pukh" "pukh" "pukh" followed the ♂♀ a short distance towards P03, then returned and climbed up on the nest, being settled by 9:15. The train is still sitting on the tracks behind me, two engines making noise. ♀ took off S along the lake, she gave one low "punt" just before leaving the nest. 9:20 a SW bird was trying to chase one of 4 mallards out of the area, but was not successful, so he gave up. W♂E just bowing with ♀/♂ at G18, no billing or nibbling. 9:34 a ♀ Mallard at Q20 was chased out by the E♀ then she looped back to chase the ♂ Mallard out. Now the pair of mallards have come up and into the E

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Fulica americana 338 Apr 26 Lake Tamesal, 420ft., Alameda Co., Calif. -inlet, so far without getting any response out of a coot. Now the Mallards are drifting S to Q 20. 9:46, the E ♀, down along the shore S, first gave a series of "punk-unks", "punk-punk" etc. No response from the male. # A SW bird just attached and chased both Whews from G11 to F13 where the SW bird displayed. 9:51, the E ♀ flew from P16 to P21 carrying a piece of cat-tail leaf about 2 feet long. As she approached the ♂ puhked twice. She came directly onto the ramp, and as she did he came off, she "punked" a couple of times, he went to P23 then looped back south. He looped back to P23 "punked" a couple of times and settled down to feed. 100 m.- The ♂ after preening etc at Q 23.13 sat for about 4 minutes, he starting pulling on the cat tails, finally got a suitable piece of dead one, about 4 inches long, and carried it to the nest, approaching the S side around the west. He went in to the ramp, the ♀ roached down and took the leaves from him, and readjusted a couple of other leaves on the ramp then turned and swam off to the S. Photographed the Q 22 nest clump for where I am sitting in color. 10:08 W-0/3 moving into N 21, caused E♂ to charge out, then splatler into attack. W-0/3 dived, the E ♂

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Fulica americana 339 Apr 26 Pale Tomerck, 420ft., Alameda Co., Calif. was right behind him, chasing him out to about <20. w-018 then moved on S to K16, E↑ then moved N– flew somewhere, lost him, then came flying back to land at 023 and cut into the cat-tails. He seems to be on the alert and hunting for something, he is paying no attention to a RD Ruddy coming into the E inlet. Now he sees them and a chase is under way. As he came up to the ↑, the Ruddy opened his bill and started to look aggressive, but the Cost swarmed and the Ruddy dived. E↑ then moved off to the S, after watching the Ruddy swim under him. 10:24 E6 back in nest area, passed on N didn't hang around, 10:25 he is back at P23, living for food. Now he is eating some more dead cat-tail material. He is ignoring three turtles in the area, but the turtle nearest where he is now bathing @ 23.13, became uneasy and moved off a ways. W18 feeding at T13 while the W pair feed at H11. Now they are billing in the same area. 10:36 – E↑ has been in nest area, that is P–R23 since 10:25. Now, 10:40, he is moving S from P22. A pinned bird which a assume is & R (other tag lost) just chased W18 from. J12 out to about J16. Now 10:50, & chased w-018 out from F16.

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Fulica americana 340 Apr 26 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. 10:58. The EP is "punking" at the same time the EJ is coming N at P20, as he went by to the W she went off the nest and joined him. He started giving his plaintive huh, huh, huk as he followed her around the P23 pt. to P24. She punted a couple of times and he returned to be settled on the nest by 11:02. din through here for now. Nest I6.1 with 9 eggs, all warm, 2 in close, punking. Photographed this nest BW & Color. - see page 522. Checked nest P6.5, 4 eggs still present warm as if being brooded but not incubated. No young around, photographed displaying adults in BW. - see p. 456- Apr 27 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. At the lake at 1:30 p.m. - no S pair birds visible. In fact, I've been here for 15 minutes and have not seen a Coot yet. The platform at B14.5 (formerly C13.7) is still active and needs repair. Can't raise any response from any birds today. 2:30 p.m. been here for an hour still no Coots. Nest M25.19. - Two eggs missing, hatched? - #6 about 3 piped, young whewwing inside. 4 other eggs present and warm, none piped. At least the 2 parent was close by, punking.

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W. GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 341 p.271 O/Bx - 3/17/50 LG/Bx 3/17/50 p.269 P/LG - 3/17/50 p.270

341 6.871 6/2 - 3/1/50 9.269 76/182 - 3/10/50 9.259 9/12 - 3/1/50

I. W. GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 342 p. 346 O/B+. 4/3/80 p. 348 V to - 4/19/80 p. 347 P/O - 4/19/50

EDITION 9.348 1/2/05 9.348 1/2/05 9.347 1/2/05

W. GULLMAN 1950 Fulica americana 343 p. 348 y/LB - 4/19/50 T96 SS p. 289 y/LB - 4/2/50 T96 p. 289 y/LB - 3/17/50

X/78 - 11/5/20 KPA X/78 - 11/5/20 KPA X/78 - 3/2/20

W. GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 344 p 273 G/C - 4/3/50 p.273 G/C - 3/17/50

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N. GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 345 S p. 347 Y/R - 4/3/50

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pages. 346-348 see photographs

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Fulica americana -349- I. GULLION 1950 Apr 27 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. while I examined the nest. As soon as I was out of the water the defense ceased and it became quiet again. Both N adults are present but so far no sign of either of the S pair. I still have the E side to work but I don't expect to find anything. Just now a coot came out from the E side, at about 1322 so at least one S bird is here. Now a N bird is charging S after it. The chased bird cut into the cat-tails at C13 and the N bird went in after it. The N bird hunted along the edge of the cat- tails to D12, then gave up and returned N by way of H17. Apparently no territory defense by the S bird at all. Apr 28 Lake Temescal, 420ft, Alameda Co., Calif. Nest 16.1 with 10 eggs. Full clutch? These eggs are not as warm as they should be. In #1 is quite cool. The ? gave one "poonk" a short distance away in the cat-tails, but no churn or real concern as should be shown now. The platform at H7.25 is composed of a great mass of material, but not particularly well taken care of. Now as I examine the platform, the ? + ? are just outside the cat-tails, the ? churning.

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p 350 see photographs

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Fulica americana 35) Apr 28 Lake Tomsacal, 400 ft, Alameda Co. Calif. 3 eggs still in nest P6.S., other egg had rolled out of the nest and was cracked lengthwise. It was floating in the water nearby, rotten. One of the eggs is still warm in the nest, but another is quite cool; in fact all three are too cool to be under further incubation. Eggs #3, 4 & 5 still in nest. Flies are on them. No sign of young, but both parents in the area, displaying. The ♂ especially. At 3 p.m. when I approached nest Q22.13, the ♀ was incubating. As I walked N along the road the ♂ came along roadside to me, "swarming". He was immediately in there, on the defense when I started out to the nest. The ♀ stayed on the nest until I was almost to it, then she came off towards me. As I reached for the nest she struck at me, touching my outstretched hand, then backed off, away from me with a great deal of churning and growling. The ♂ was behaving in the same manner. I pulled a few cat tails from in front of the nest to facilitate observation. Now 3:14 p.m. A bird is settled back on the nest. About 3:10 the ♂ chased the ♀ to Q23.13 giving a series of high pitched "kuk, kuk, kuk" notes. The bird still sitting on the nest is facing N. Now the other bird is taking off S. Apparently it has some territory to defend. It is in

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Fulica americana 352 Apr 28 Lake Terascal, 420ft., Alameda Co. Calif. He alert, head up position. The ♂ in the bird on the nest. The ♀ was just leas "pooking" down near P16. The ♂ has a shield ⊙ while the ♀ shield is thus - ⊗. With a good observation it is possible to distinguish these two birds by this characters. Territory between the W & M pair seems to be breaking down. For the last ten minutes, ♂ R has been feeding at G/10 while ♀ feeds H/12, with no sign of antagonism. 3:30 p.m. E♀ has come N to Q/20, is pooking and going back S. 3:31 she is still there. ⊗ came over from G/17 to reach H/12, not charging but moving with a directness that suggests attack, but even when he got there no attack was pressed. Now, 3:33 E♀ is just S of the nest. Now she has gone on to P/23 and North. Now 3:36 I'm leaving to get my gear for an all night stay. Back at 3:55 p.m. for night. Apparently, both birds were either off the nest before I arrived or the nesting bird got off when I arrived. Both were drswimming in the E inlet, silently and close togeher, picking up (insects?) off the water surface. At 4 p.m. the ♀ went around to the S side of the nest clump and was settled on the nest by 4:01 p.m. The E ♂ remained

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Fulica americana Apr 28 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. -- in the area for about 7 minutes before going N around P73. Noted that the apparent depression of crown feathers is not a fact. The impression of such is obtained by the ♂ stuffing or erecting the feathers on the neck. I shall have to check this further. Now 4:05 E♂ bathing at Q23.12. The EF can not erect the neck feathers to any real extent. Perhaps this is true of all FF. I have noticed, watching this nest and the one at P6.5, that birds going into the nest always use the ramp! And except in emergencies, birds leaving the nest also use the ramp. The ramp on nest Q22.13 faces south and extends about 9 feet from the nest. Several times the bird coming to the nest has been seen carrying more material to add to the nest! And it almost always takes about 1 minute of fixing and adjusting before the bird is ready to settle upon the nest. 4:13 p.m. The SO♂ is moving around at P20, started S but is now going back N. 4:17 p.m. The ♂ at Q23 is pulking, 3 times. I have seen W/BL and the pinned bird (GR) and two marked birds Q & BL, but no sign of W-OL/B or O. W/BL and a marked bird (BL?) are at H11 maintaining Cool Company. The 4:25 the E♂

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Fulica americana 354 Apr 28 Lake Tomsacal <20 ft. Alameda Co. Calif. - dived near the nest clump a couple of times and then passed S. At 4:29 a couple of "pubk's were heard from near P16 and at 4:30 the E ♀ is coming back towards its nest. 4:33, I stood up to put a shirt on, the E ♀ immediately got in an aggressive position just S of the nest. 4:35 he left the nest going R23. The ♀ sitting on the nest is facing N. 4:37, he is diving for and feeding on decomposing cat tail stalks. R23.17. He seems to have quite a taste for them. It seems to be the stems not the leaves that are eaten. 4:40, as ♀♂ Mallards fly around overhead, the ♂ at R23, // gives a couple of pubk's. At 4:44 p.m. the E ♀ went into the nest clump at the S, gave some low "pubk, pubk" notes, the ♀ responded by getting up and off the nest and the male crawling on. She went to R24, found a pair of Mallards there and routed them, chasing the hen first and then the drake. When the ♀ leaves the nest she goes away and stays away for long periods of time, but the ♂ seems to stay around close enough to be able to reach the nest quickly. At 4:59 p.m., a "prunk, plunk-plink" down S. that a subject is there ♀. 5:04 p.m. a bird (illegible) feeding at R17 under the willows, tipping for

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Fulica Americana 356 Apr 28 Lake Teyescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. Something. 5:09 a hon mallard w/10 young came working by the nest clump. The ♂ had his head erect but seemed to be taking no special note of their presence. Some of the ducklings were within 3 or 4 feet of the nest. The E♂ gave no note nor did the ♀ brown indicate any interest in the Mallard brood passing close to the nest. The E♀ has been at Ⓐ25-26 all the while, so the bird heard & seen was an intruder. At 5:27 the E♀ chased a pair of Mallards a few feet at Ⓐ25. The E♀ just “poonked” at Por Ⓐ23 while the Mallard brood is at Ⓐ25 moving N, the hon leading. The sun is right into my eyes across P23, so I can’t see much out there. 5:35 p.m. The Mallard brood is feeding along the ledge of the cat-tail at PO Ⓐ23 while the E♀ is at Ⓐ23, 12 or 13. She “poonked” three times, got no response from the ducklings, and pressed the matter no further. 5:40 p.m. The Mallard brood went on south, apparently without incuring any trouble during the 30 minutes they were in the general nesting area. During this same time the ♀ cat attached a pair of adult Mallards, and must have passed the brood while doing so. 5:44 p.m. some disagreement seems to be present

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Fulica americana 357 Apr 28 Lake Temescal, 420ft, Alameda Co., Calif. -at the S end. Just heard quite a bit of crowing, punking etc. Just now 5:48 a chased from SW area to F11 and a paired display there. Now 5:49, a ♀ poorking and a couple of punke-junkers at Q as P 18 or 19. Might be the E♀ but I am not sure since I have not seen her move S. Couldn't locate her in the cat-tails where I thought she was so it probably is her, now 5:54 she just moved N past P23 from further S. A pair of Buddies are working into the mouth of the E inlet. 6:11, so far no antagonism, they seem to be uncertain, but at present point it is about my presence. The ♂ Buddy is displaying about 6 feet from the nest, no response. The bird on the nest is now facing the ramp. A Coot just crowed off along the W side near D 32-33, the sun is now completely off the lake 6:14 p.m. 6:16. the Buddies are still patrolling off the nest area. 6:25 p.m. the Buddies left about 6:17 and now the E♀ is moving S at P 22. 6:30-now a general sounding off of 3 birds 2♂ and 1♀ along the west shore. 6:31- the E♀ poorked and punke-junked

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V. GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 358 Apr. 28 Lake Temescal, 420ft., Alameda Co., Calif. N. 6:45 E♀ moving out from cat-tails at Q 25. 6:52 E♀ passes S at P 22. 6:54 after some "pubkng" etc at the S end, the E♂ came off the nest, giving some several "pubks". As he went S the ♀ gave a series of low "pubke-mukes", then I answered with a note that was almost a crow but never actually was. Now 6:56:30 a bird is coming towards the nest, reached it at 6:57 and settled 6:58 p.m. Now 7:05 the E♂ came up by the nest clump and passed on N, to Q23. 13. 7:11 E♂ passed the nest clump goning S, a pair of Mallards passed by a little ways behind him. He got to P20 before turning, with pubkng and chasing them out. He went on and they came on in, then he turned back, splatted at the ♀, churned and routed them all at P20. As soon as he went on they again started in to Q 1:9. It's getting dark enough that I can just see the lines on the page. Also getting a shadow from the moon. This is really a bright moon tonight. Now 7:55 I can almost see the lines on the page. Just checked the platform at P16.2 - it has the ♀ on it. 8:58 p.m. checking P16.2, no ♂, he was in the iris at P16.24. Seems to be

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GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 359 Apr 28 Lake Temescal 4:20 H. Almond C. Cal. - afraid or at least shy of the flashlight beam. Left about 10:30 p.m. no charge. Apr 29 same locality - Back at 4:10 a.m., ♀ still (?) on nest, at 4:14 the ♂ published 3 times at ♀ 23. 4:22 a ♂ on the W side "published". 4:29 the E ♂ moved from ♀ 23 to the S side of the nest clump. No response from the ♀ After being near the nest until 4:35 he finally moved off to the S. 4:37, the E ♂, at P16 - is publishing about some- things. He gave about a dozen notes. 4:38, that on the nest is giving a series of "poonks" and "punk-unks" something like, "poons, pooks, punkunk punk-unks, punk-unk". No response from the ♂. 4:43 the ♂ is coming N directly to the nest area, but he stopped to feed without going close to the nest clump, then he went on around it to ♀ 23. 4:47 lots of cost activity on S & W sides. Publishing, pooning and I crow-also the E ♂ publishing at ♀ 23. Then fading off S. 4:53, SO ♂ comes to nest clump, but again not entering it. He again went around the nest to the W and on to ♀ 23, three to ♀ 24. Back in nest area a moment later. 5:00 a.m. he charged out to N23 to rout 2 UNR Cots and a ♂ Buddy. Don't believe the Buddy really counted just incidentally present.

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Tulica americana 360 Oct.29 Lake Temescal,452ft., Alameda Co., Calif. 5:06 ♀ "poonks" twice as ♂ loiter in nest area. 5:09 ♂ moves S- 5:10 gives a couple of "pukhs" from near P16. 5:15 he moves back to the nest area, starts to move away but then loops back. 5:17- he is at P23. 5:21- he is at P23, pukhking, then he moves down to the S side of the nest clump. where he is facing me, in patrol. 5:34 he is still in the same location. 5:45 he is on W ride of P&23 cat-tails, feeding- now 5:46 he walked over them and got into patrol just S of nest clump. Let. call this morning. ♂ still patrolling 5:50 a.m. 5:59 ♀ gives a "poonk" on to nest. Can't see the ♂ but he must be at P&23. 6:06- the ♂ at P23 gave a series of 3 low pukhs. 6:13- He ♂ came by to nest, on the E side, howl some pukhking further S and went down to investigate. 6:15 whole west side of lake in the sun. 6:19- E&♂ pukhking down towards P16. Chasing and paired display at F12- looks ad if SW ♂ is trying to regain some lost territory and is slowly working the border of the W area back. Both ♀♀ whisks involved, only 1(♂ ?) from SW pair. 6:25- a pair of mallards landing at P18 immediately brought forth "pukhs" from the ♂ songplace down there. This I can't see them, the quacking of the ♀ and general noise

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W. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 361 Apr 29 Lake Temescal, 4 left, Alameda Co., Calif. - from down there suggests heated chase by the Coot. 6:31 - ♀ on the nest gives several low "punts". Very soon the Sun will be on the nesting clump. ♂♂ Mallards at G-7 are not being molested. 6:49 - WBL and two UNM birds drifting to L17 where charged by E♂ and chased to T17. He turned and started directly back towards the nest area, but came upon a school of fish on the surface at P21. He stopped, looked them over, and then swam around the school, going to the nest area. The ♀ "punted" as he came in, but he ♂ continued on to G24 via P23. Sun in on the nest clump. at 7:00 a.m. - ♂ is patrolling just S of it. 7:08 a.m. ♂ still in general nest area, just went around P23 tho going N. The Coot does not bob its head when it swims except at times when it is on the alert and the principle of parallax is in use. I believe that during normal swimming the head is not bobbed but rather held in an even position while the body fluctuates with the force of each stroke. Watching a pair of Mallards I note that they move their heads about as frequently as the Coot but the movement of the body is less apparent, giving their whole swim pattern a more even feature. Just heard a cackle at E13 - 7:15 the E ♂ is working slowly S among the dangling willow branches.

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W. GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 362 Apr 29 Lake Tomasca 420 ft., Alameda Co. Calif.- G/R is at J 14, showing little sign of territory behavior. 7:26 E ♂ is returning to nest area from the S. ♀ on nest is giving a low puint, punt, punt note. Just a moment earlier she poonked when a large fish jumped nearby. ♂ passed th[illegible] and moved N of PQ 23. Actually, he was at Q 23, resting. When I walked S along the road a few feet, he came splattering after me. Now 7:31 he is patrolling just off shore. W-0/B and ♂ seem to be staying close together. Both were at D 33 a little while ago but have now worked out to L25. ♀ at M 23 and E ♂ is going out after her from Q 22. W/B is moving N from K17, "punting". E ♂ splattered after ♀ to I 22, now he is returning; E ♀ gave 2 poonks. W/B apparently came up to defend against E ♂, when he passed ♀ she braced and they nibbled some. Now E ♂ has returned directly to P23 into the inlet. E ♂ displayed at I 22 but neither of the other birds did. 7:52 E ♂ finally leaving the nest area and moving to Q20, where he has stopped to patrol. 8:00 a m. E ♂ feeding at Q 22; 17- eating decomposing dead cat-tail stems, the algae that is growing on nearly everything in the water, and the white bases of cat-tail stems. He had to Dive 3 times before he was able to break off one growing stem to eat it. He seems

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Fulica americana Apr 29 Lake Teneccal, 450ft, Alameda Co., Calif. - tr eat only the white bases. 8:18- he is still feeding in the nest area, at P 21 now. I have not seen swollen feet among the swimmers as occur on many of my penned birds. 8:19 E ♂ feeding among the dangling willow branches at P 20, driftting S. 8:22 he gave a couple of punts and came N passing to W of nest to P 23. As he passed, the ♀ started "punt"ing and raised up off the nest. But he passed by. Now 8:25 he came over, into the nest clump, started giving his "kukz, kukz, kukz" note, she responded with a couple of "punts" and he climbed up and settled on the nest. I moved to P16- found the E ♀ settled down on the platform at P16. She gave a "punk-kukz" and after a minute climbed off. At 8:58, as I approached the nest I found both birds off on the S side. Now the ♂ is feeding and the ♀ going back towards the nest. 8:59, she stuck her head in the cat-tail, but promptly retired. Now they are both around on the W side, no the ♂? got on the nest and is settled by 9:01. No change. Wrong, its the ♀ on the nest. As I went out to the nest the ♀ came sailing off at me and the ♂ came flying up from P16 landing at B72 and immediately attaching me. About 9:10 a.m. I caught the ♂ when he got too close

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W. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 364 Apr. 29 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. - To me so now she's banded 496-71655 and tagged V. She's got terribly sharp claws and I now have two long cuts on my arm. She's severely fighting the tags, hope she doesn't tear them out. As she fought them out in to lake several other Coots plus a whole flock of Buddy Ducks came over to see what was wrong. Hope they don't desert the nest for this. Guess I'd better wait and see. They seem to be shyng away from that nest, giving it wide berth. The gaint fighting his tags. No not yet. 9:30a.m. 9:40 think all clear out and leave them alone. Apr. 29 Jewel Lake, 510 ft., El Centro Costa Co., Calif. Egg 7 pipped but not broken thru. Eggs 2, 3, 4 still in the nest unpeped but warm, still being incubated. Both parents nearly pukking or pooing. - Lake Temescal 420 ft., Alameda Co. Calif. The many boats on the lake this afternoon are giving the birds a bad time, but now 4:25 p.m. the tagged 9 is on the nest at 8 22. Earlier both E birds were seen chased as far S as the mouth of the S inlet. A couple of minutes later saw a SE bird carrying cat-tails, and then a severe chase in area KL 5x6. Don't know who was being chased since it

W. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 365 Apr 29 Lake Temescal, 420 ft. Alameda Co., Calif. was UNM. Saw Q in the picnic area at the S end. Apparently in good shape. Top of head still plastered down. -11:45 p.m. a bird is on nest Q22-his head is pointed S so the tags are hidden, checked P16, found a pair of Mallards and two untagged Q's there. Apr 30-contd- 12:20 a.m. a femaleish drumming "punk-unks" given several times near P16 was answered by a crow at the S end. The Q call may have been given by a bird from another pair, I flushed a UNM bird out of P15, 12 that went off swimming S. Finally a 12:30a.m. the nesting bird has turned so that I can see the tags on him. It is Q. I have been hearing occasional adjustments in the cat-tails near Q23, 11 that may be his mate, I'm not sure, 1:12 a.m. flushed a bird from P16 that splattered and flew to Q23 to go into the cat-tails, that surely is E Q. 1:14 checked bird on the nest, it is tagged. Earlier I checked nest J6.5, it seemed to have a bird on it, tho I had a little difficulty being sure. Also flushed a bird from Q13 that splattered towards P16- may have been E Q. Made a loop around the S end about 2:30a.m. Found 3 Coos, including W13E at F17 and one at E/13 - all in willows. They are hard to flush out of their nightly lodging. They have green

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V. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 366 4p 30 Lake Temescal, 25ft, Alameda, Calif. eye shine. Bach at nest Q22 - a bird is on, but facing S, having completely turned around counterclockwise since I got here at 11:30 or so. At 3:07 a.m. 3 "punk-inks" at the S end - that where the earlier ones must have been too. 3:10 a.m. the bird on nest Q22 is the grey shield character, she has two tags hidden behind a cat-tail. 3:15 a.m., some pooking and pukking at the S end of the lake. 3:35 a couple of "punks" at the S end. 4:02 a couple of pucks from the S end. 4:11 a pebble from E ♀ @ Q23. 4:37 E♂ at Q23 pukking. Bird at F13 pukking. 4:54 it is light enough for all colors to be distinguishable, th Mallards are active and all the song birds have been in song for about 30 minutes yet all the Coos are still sleeping in. No, two we crossing to F17, probably 2 of the 3 I chased out of these earlier. 5:00 a.m. E ♀ finally came out at her second choice right quarters and moved S. 5:04 E ♂ "poked" on to nest, a bird at P16 gave the "punk-inks" several times. 5:06 a White ronto w/Bl + an UNM from near G16. Most of the Coos seem to be out and active now. 5:11 - seems to be quite some conflict at P15-16. 5:14 - the E ♀ came back to P23 - at 5:15 the ♂ scooted off the nest to join her at Q24. Now, 5:18 the

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V. CULLION 1950 Apr 30 Fulica Americana 367 Lake Temescal, 480ft. Alameda B., Calif.- are both going to P/6. Now a pair of Mallards are in the E inlet. Yesterday's tagging just may have broken the spirits of both birds. The ♀ was giving me extremely wide berth this morning, looping out to Q 21 going both ways. Now 5:20, the ♂ is coming back N; I hope to go on to nest. Nath's going right for it, to Q 23. She's standing on the platform there, gunkling at the nearby Mallards but not attacking them. 5:24, here comes the tagged bird N. cutting into the nest area, now E of the nest clump, on over to Q 23, passing but not attacking the Mallards. Now 5:28 the UNM bird is going near the nest clump, cautiously, swimming just S of it, now east of it; feeding there, gave a "gobble-wobble"; another, started into the cat-tails, retired. Now the tagged bird is coming over, turned track, the UNM chasing him. Now the tagged bird is feeding just E of the nest clump, the other on its SW side, now they both are heading towards P/6. Guess I'll go and let them get settled before eggs get cold - 5:35 a.m. see p.371. Notes - I'm still not sure which sex is tagged. The bird that was off the nest last night seemed to be responsible for a lot of "P" sounding calls while several other notes were heard from near the nest area and presumably the tagged bird. Yesterday I thought I had caught

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W. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 368 Apr 30 Lake Tennesca, 28 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- the male in the grab - but then thought I heard notes from it and so dubbed it a ♀. All have to check this further. One thing seems certain, and that is that the bird on the nest at dusk is still on at dawn, and probably is not relieved until about 8 or 9 a.m. The bird leaving early this morning was clearly one of fright, for it didn't even bother to use the ramp. Of course it had a flashlight beam in its eyes about every 15 to 30 minutes from about 11:30 p.m. to dawn. Also, Costs must be among the last of the birds to become actively foraging in the morning. May 1 Univ. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co., Calif.- W-R - legs [illegible], becoming Y6, a little on the G side still, shield & SS, too small, this shield is perhaps out of the SS class and actually an S shield, but a ———— mm. couldn't be probed; feet badly swollen, temps mild, new style tag seems to be doing OK. G-X1B - shield 3 almost flat, still very slightly swollen, regressed from last check. Legs becoming Y6 - but still quite G. Bursa 23 mm., feet in pretty good shape. P10 - shield class SS, legs Y6, feet in fairly good shape bursa 15 mm. O1Br - shield 5S - this is a strange shield, swollen but still a

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Fulica americana 369 May 1 U.S.W. Calif. Campus, Alameda Co. Calif. small colored area, legs YG, feet on this bird are in bad shape, that is the toes are, bursa 20+ mm. P/LG- shield ~~ 3SS, legs G but becoming YG, temper bad, feet in fairly good shape, tag seems to be staying in okay, bursa 16 mm. G - VG - legs YG almost Y, shield 1/5, temper not bad, new style tag seems to be staying on pretty well. bursa about 20 mm., feet in good shape X legs green but showing a yellowish tinge (XR that is), shield 6 S, bursa 22 mm. feet in good shape, temper kinda bad. Br- shield 7SS, legs G, little if any yellow present, bursa 20+ mm. \ W - shield 3S, legs green with a faint suggestion of yellow, feet are in good shape, bursa 22+ mm, temper not bad. Y/G - shield 9S legs YG, with the Y still light, feet in good condition, bursa ~20 mm, temper not bad. VG- shield 9 S, legs Y, feet in good condition, temper great, bursa 8# mm. -Jewel Lake 5/10 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. Arrival here at 5:15 p.m. (PST). No costs visible. A minute later a strangely acting bird came out of M26 and moved back and forth just E of the island. About 5:25 a G came out from M22 to chase it half heartedly out to I25. The chase displayed at least once,

W. GULLION 750 Fulica americana 370 May 1 Jewel Lake, 5/8 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. But the chased bird was not impressed and returned to M22 as soon as the ♂ went to M25 at 5:28. Lost track of the chased bird but the ♂ went to O26 then out of sight in the cat-tails. Now 5:34 p.m. I have not yet heard the call of a single young Coot, nor have I seen one. But to the nest at M25.19, eggs #2,3,4 still present, #3 pipped with a living young in it, but no shell missing. Saw one young swimming away from the nest. It seemed to be dry but didn't look very good. Down looked matted and not fluffy as it should be. Both parents nearly defending by pukking and gooing. No churning or charging. All three eggs good and warm. May 2 Lake Temescal, 4 feet, Alameda Co., Calif. A bird on the nest at J6.5 at 3:51 p.m. 3:56 p.m. a bird sitting tight at Q22 - can't tell which one, it is facing S. It is windy this afternoon, cool, the water is muddy, it has been raining much of the day. About 4 p.m. the sun came out for about the first time today, but not long. Several Coots seen scattered around the lake, but no great numbers. 4:04 - the tagged E bird is at Q23.15 - standing on a pile of fallen cat-tails. Looking closely at the shield and from the "pukK" just given I think I was

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V. GULLION 1958 Eulua Americana 371 May 2 Lake Temescal, 400 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.— right the first time when I thought I had the ♂. The tagged bird worked over by the next clump and then was lost Trucks of. 4:12 pm—now the bird on the nest is facing E. 4:27 p.m.—a bird sitting tight at J6.5 while a tagged Malled Drake is feeding at J7.17. 4:33—the mated last bird (♀) charged out to M17 to chase back 2 invading birds, one marked the other one not. I suspect this is the W pair since the M bird is a ♂. By 4:36 they were working back in towards P16 again, got to N15 before being chased out again at 4:38 to about L14. I had to drive to escape the assault of the splattering charger. At 4:40 the M-W bird attacked WLBE at about J15 and chased to J17. The tagged E bird is on the nest, the change having been made between 4:12 and 4:33 p.m. Now 4:44, the tagged bird is off the nest, sitting nearly silently in the cat-tails, as two dogs jump around me on shore. 5:59 the tagged bird is back on the nest while I went down to the N end of the lake. At 5:01, the E♀, "psoonking" and "punk-unking at P16 as I approached. So the bird on the nest is definitely the tagged ♂. I shall have to change my record accordingly. 5:09 another chase, sent with the E♀ moving out from P16 holding her head upright most of the time, and only once or twice— ```**

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FULLION 1950 May 2 Location of Costa 4:30 p.m. (PST) Fulica americana -372 im im in every fan at both ends of mass of iris. need tail just a few ? map correction # to # East tail all over from N end. about 2 rows of bl only. ? support branching ?? south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal R.R. ml 6-1 month ml all ml. WBE. E? M P I bl ml. all ml. mortly ml. ? sex unknown P - speined M - marked ris at-tail scale 0 60' "=120'

H.I cat-tail H.I cattail quite a few. small climber

Fulica Americana 373 May 2 Lake Tamescal, 450ft, Alameda Co., Cal.- lowering it as she chased the W pair out to F14, she then returned to N17 to patrol. Finally found W-0/B around the corner at the Nord, by flycasting floats, apparently an outcast from the population. I note that a small scared bird, supposedly 3% is in close company to W1/B today. - The feathers on W-0/B seem to be losing their glue, they are sticking up at all sorts of strange positions. 5:35. WO driving W1/B from K14 to K18 to M18 to M14 at which time EF flying down from M11 hit them both and sent them scotering; I am able to account for about 1/4 Costs on the lake today. Six are birds in resident pairs, and seven are "plants" with clipped wings, while another, W F is apparently hanging around because of her clipped mate. The MF seems to have departed, at least I have not seen a bird with the pinated bird today in the M area. Whether C is present or not I don't know. At 5:53 as I approached the nest the EF came goonking over from D24 to the nest area. The F is now on the nest, facing NE. The F, still poonking, is fleeing at Q23. 6:05 till now the EF has been at Q23 intermittently "poonking". now she moved down to the next clump but was back a moment later, and on out to P23, now back in to Q23.13, to Q23.17 back out to P23 and N.

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Fulica americana 374 May 2 Lake Tomsocal, 400 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. The O on the nest is now facing NW. 6:10 p.m. the E F must have made a loop out onto the lake and around for at 6:12 she came up at P 21, "pooing" at patrolling between me and the nest. Faith and spirit seems to be restored. Here comes the hen Mallard and her brood of 10 at P 20, no she turned S. The F coast paid no attention to her. It was my presence that must have sent her S- 6:15 p.m. 6:18 the E F quit patrolling against me and moved around to the P 23. Lets June cold this evening. 6:25- E F stopped feeding at P 23- moved S to P 20 where turning to come back and patrol against me at P 22. 18:23 - then onto the nest clump, "preening". 6:27 p.m. without a sound the E O got up and off the nest, while the F was at P 22. 19, she said nothing, at 6:29 p.m. He was settled back on the nest, he had been in the water for a moment but returned to incubate further. She moved to P 23 to feed. She is feeding on decomposing cat- tail the same as he does. The incubating bird seems to do no preening or very little fiddling with the nest. He is almost completely concerned with incubation and nothing else. 6:33 p.m. E F left P 23 moving S part P 20, no she turned around to come back N, rapidly but silently, landing directly for the nest clump, came in to the E to patrol, now 6:35 moving.

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May 2 Lake Tenuesed, 750 ft, Nameda Co., Calif. To the nest clump and feeding at its SE corner. 6:36 she is off S again. A pair of Mallards up in the E inlet, but she goes on S. 6:38 it's starting to sprinkle (or oughta snow). Of the W & seems to have it in for w/120, he now is chasing the lates at G-12 -> H-13. 6:41 - E F coming N by way of O 20. The Mallards have left; she passed close to the stake but kept going to P 23, then in the inlet. It's really starting to rain now. 6:52 tho sprinkle has ceased, fog is rising off the lake surface, but it is no warmer. Throughout the rain the E F continued to feed along OP 23, taking mostly the decomposing cat-tail stems. Now 6:54 see is looping to W of nest clump heading S. It's time for a nest change. She went to P 20 before realizing I'm still around and so she turned back, past to next clump to the W, no she stopped, is fooling around just S of it, now moving across to G 23. The wind is letting up and the Buffalog just started croaking. Now she

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W. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 376 May 2 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. She's out of it. 7:08 - dim left. May 3 Same locality. At 5:40 a.m. A bird incubating nest J6.5. At 5:45 a.m. the F is on nest Q22.13 while the M is feeding at Q24, and puking as the F Mallard and her brood feed in the Q23 area. The Mallards moving S passed thru the nest clump while the E M watched from Q23.15. The F on the nest craned her neck to watch the passing brood, but made no aggressive moves against them or even any notes. I assume from her presence on the nest now that she spent the night on it, and took over from the male a few minutes after I left last evening. 5:50 the Mallard and her brood of 10 just came back thru the area and are now feeding at R23 unmoletsted. 5:52 - the E M is in the nest clump just off the end of the ramp. The F is sitting tight so no replacement yet. 2 F Rudies were sitting in the open water about 10 feet from the E M. They were not threatened, then they moved to Q23.12, still the M stayed in the nest clump and still the F sits tight. He seems to no need to do go now. He is eating more decaying cat-tail material as he works thru the E side of the nest clump. I suspect he is "patrolling" against me but is shy about getting out in the open at Q23.15 as he need to do 6 a.m.

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1958 Fulica americana 377 May 3 Jewel Lake, 5/0 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. - At 5:25 p.m. a lone bird swimming in the S pond with its neck outstretched, or more properly, up-stretched and alert. This bird moved out of sight. A moment later a series of "pukks" came out of the S end and continued for about 2 minutes, once being answered by a "cowah" from near D6. The "pukks" seemed to be from G with 3. 5:34 a neck craning bird coming out from D6 crossed to F9. Working the cat-tails at the S end I was able to flush only one bird out, a ♂, and he showed no signs of possession; that is he splatted and flew away when he saw me in the cat-tails. Not at all the behavior of a nesting or even territorial bird. 5:50—a bird over near C12 giving a "cow-ah" note several times. Then as the two ♂ birds began puking and poohing in defense, he came out of the cat-tails and moved to H18 and on down to K25 where he met the charging ♀. He started to dabble and pace, but the male quickly splatted out to drive him to G22. As the ♂ returned this the S♂ came to J22 and poked around. Once even gave the same defense note being given by the ♂. Eggs #2 & #4 in nest H25.19. Neither as very warm nor are either pipped. I doubt if they hatch. No young heard, but one

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W. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 378 May 3 Jewel Lake, 570 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. - seen following the ♂ out into the middle of the lake as he is moving around in defense. The lone bird just gave his "cow-wah," and a moment later jingled a few feet sideways to avoid something in the water. Couldn't tell what. 6:05 p.m. heard 1 lying & saw two others. Now the lonesome ♂ at C13 is giving his "cow-wah" "cow-wah" note! (Calling for a mate?) May 4 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- At 5:45 a.m. the ♀ is on nest Q22 while the tagged ♂ feeds at Q24. I gave a couple of "pnhks" to get him to come into view. He came to the nest clump and patrolled it against me, staying in the cat-tails. At 6 a.m. a ♀ is incubating at J6.5. -6:06 p.m. a level is incubating at J6.5. 6:15 p.m. The E♂ is on nest Q22, the E♀ was down towards P16 but responded when I gave a couple of "pnhks" and swam up to the general vicinity of the nest, then on over to Q23. Now, 6:20 she is moving back S via P20. 6:21 E♀ splattered from P19 to N17 to attack two W? birds and to drive them out of her area. She particularly assaulted the marked bird of the W pair, even diving behind him for underwater chase. One of the ♀♂ cachled but I couldn't be sure which, thinks it was the WF.

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GULLION 1950 May 4 Location of Costo 5:45-6a.m. Fulica americana 379 W/NE WtDB 2/6+UNM in NW corn. south part of LAKE TEMESCAL Temescal Regional Park Alameda Co., Cal M>o? unm RR scale 0 60' 1"=120' *iris cat-tail

TION [illegible] Temescal Regional Park Jameda Co., Cal outh part of KE TEMESCAI scale 0 100' is Ilj-st

W. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 380 May 4 Roche Temescal, 420ft., Alameda Co., Calif. Earlier this evening one of the SE birds was at K6 while two Mallards were a few feet away and the tagged Drake was feeding at Q T6. The hen with all the young was at the E end of the island, but no indication of aggression could be seen. 6:40-the E♀ coming N, passing nest at O22 and continuing north to finally cut in along N side of cat-tails at P/Q 23. She passed within about 15 feet of a ♀ Luddy at Q 21 and missed a ♂ Mallard at Q 20. Now 6:43 she is feeding at Q 24, 6:50 pm- since about 6:45 w/PL and another bird have been in a huddle at L 16. 6:51 - the E♀ just went S to P/6. The tagged ♂ is on the nest facing W. 6:55 p.m. Coots are still feeding on the open water, but mostly near shore. w/PL at K19 is giving ♀ “poonks” as she moves slowly back and forth; 7:04 pm - now she is moving S to K17 and then back N. A ♀ “junk-runking” at L20 (the mid♀ on the nest apparently got off, started to swim away in response to that note, got just out of the cat-tails before turning back to the nest.) Checked P/6- a ♀ (E probably was there. The bird on the nest surely is the ♂. All have to be here early in the morning.

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N. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 381 May 4 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- Cools all time in about 7:30 p.m. about the time I could no longer see the lines on this page closely enough to write on them. May 5 same locality- at 4:45 a.m. the tagged male is off the nest feeding at Q 23. The bird on the nest then is the E♀. I wonder when the change was made. It is plenty light, can see these lines easily. 5:00 a.m.-@ a couple of ♂ Mallard landed at the mouth of the last inlet, caused ♀ at Q 23.13 to "pubk" and get in a threatening attitude, but he did not get aggressive against them. About 4:40 when I arrived one coot was bathing at L10. 5:17 a.m. E♂ moved to nest clump from Q 23. He is now concealed in the cat-tails on the S side of the nest. About 5:30 he moved back to Q 23 to continue foraging. 5:40 he moved to P21 to patrol against me, then into the nest clump to forage. 6:05- a.m. There seem to be two birds in Mara this morning and two in Wasea. (FR) pinned was bowing and pilling with a UNM bird. 6:12 a.m. a SE bird chasing a displaying ♂ Ruddy at J8 ignored the♀. This SE bird off the nest has a shield like this [illegible]. It has yellow or yellow waxy legs. The UNM m. In M area is not banded has greenish legs, a S-w-SS shield. As at the moment

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N. GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 382 May 5 Lake T y m e s c a l, 420 ft., Alameda Co. Calif. Carrying a cat-tail leaf at K10.23 and now gave "punk punk punksink" at that position 6:16am. Shield on this bird is about 35. 6:20 am. As I moved N after being gone since 5:50 a.m., I found the O' at P16. As I came on to the nest area he move a- less followed, finally splattering from P17 to P21 to come into his usual post in patrol. No seems to be regaining his confidence and losing his fear again. I should be able to get a good photograph of the tags on this bird 6:35 a.m. The E♀ gave a couple of "punks" "punks" as the ♂ fleeds close into the nest. 6:38 am. a chase and pairl display at G17. The SW♂ chasing & from further S. The W bird mate splatter out from E12 to join him, doing some cackling, then followed by crowing by SW♂. 6:39 E♂ still patrolling at Q21-22. Sun just coming onto P23 - 6:41 am. 6:43 E♂ ceased patrolling against me, moved to Q23.13 to preen. 6:50-Sun just on tops of cat-tails in nest clump. E♂ still at Q23.13 preening. 6:54 he is moving S to P21. 6:55 the ♀ on the nest is "pounking" about 5 times, ♂ came back towards nest, but then moved S again. He is moving very intently S, looping out to O19 before cutting back in to P16. Now he is "punking" there. (8 a.m. Daylight

GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 383 May 5 Lake Temescal, 42ft., Alameda Co. Calif. Time Whistles are blowing so I am 2 minutes slow 7 a.m. PST). Now 7:00 am, E ♂ coming back to Q 21 to feed on some puffed rice I threw out there. He is coming on up to patrol against me. The last couple of minutes he has been right in SE of the nest clump. 7:15 - quite a paired display at F 11 & E 12. No SW bird seems to be encroaching upon the W area, almost penetrating to the willow at E 12. Most of the display was out from the iris at F 11. 3. 7:25 a.m. E ♂ has been constantly in the nest area since 7:1a.m. Took a couple of color photos of the tagged E ♂. Also earlier one of the W side of the lake S from my position. Some about 7:45 (when I moved onto the slope across the road) the ♂ has moved S out of sight. The train passing by just E of this area does not seem to disturb the birds on the lake to any appreciable degree. E ♂ has been at Q 23 7:45 for a little while didn't see him come in, but now at 8:04 he came out of there and moved to Q 21 to feed along the cat-tails. W ♀ chased W ♂ from F 17 to H 19. The W ♂ belatedly came up to join her as she was returning. W ♂ is now 8:16 charging w/ 2L & UNM at G 22, he stopped there and is turning S and E. E ♂ still at Q 21- 8:18 a.m.

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W. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 384 May 5 Lake Ternescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- Incidently, about 5:55 a.m. I saw O in the South Bay. No moved N when he saw me and about that time the SE O arrived to chase him into the picnic area, which he crossed at an exceedingly rapid pace. 8:33 EO still patrolling so I think all leave for a little while 8:44 a.m. a bird that must be the MF carried a piece of cat-tail from O13 to K7.4 where she seems to be working on some sort of a platform. A SE bird was into open area just S, at J-7, chasing Mallards, but apparently did not see the F. All the while the MO(EA) was at L11 - M12. 8:58-MO punk- nkings at L8 - answered by a couple of "punk-nks" from L6 in the S bay. 8:50 - some "punk-nks" at about P15, could be to E F, all clock 8:51 the MF chased some Mallards at K8.6 a moment later a SE bird came out, charging, MF went into the charge position but SE bird stayed S of the K8. Willow while MF stayed N. The SE bird ended up chasing some Mallards towards B L6 The E pair changed between 8:33 and 8:50 a.m. Now 9:00 a.m. as the E Mallard and her brood of 10 come into the area Q 22 nest area, the gives several punkas. Photographed the Mallard a moment ago

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1. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 385 May 5 Lake Temescal, 42 ft., Alameda Co., Calif.- Now 9:01 The E ♀ moving up from P16 met a pair of Mallards at B18 and took several turns around it. Now she is patrolling out from me, and pooping. 9:30 a.m. Nest I6.1 very much built up from former size, 10 eggs, all warm. Both parents nearby churning and calling, but not loudly. Nest J6.5 examined at 9:35 a.m. Both birds close by. The smaller ♀ has a rounded shield (11) thus while the larger ♂ has an "incision in his square shield (A) thus Should make them easily to distinguish. Much to my surprise I found 6 eggs in this nest, all warm. 1 is old #5, but the others as all new. Don't know when they were laid but I note the platform at J6. is quite defunct. New eggs marked A, B, C, D, E. At 9:50 a.m. the tagged ♂ is off the nest, was at O14 but now is moving N at O18 towards the nest area. When I examined the beginning of a structure at K7.♂ I frightened the ♀F into the SE area, she was immediately assaulted by the SE ♂ and driven out S of the island to I9. 10:13 a.m. The E♀ is off the nest. When I got opposite the nest at 10:16 a.m. with wading gear on the ♀ also came off the nest.

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W. GULLION 1950 Fulica americana 386 May 5 Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. - Now 10:1? Both birds are off the nest. Got a picture of the E & F swanning. All 7 eggs warm, none pipped, need to be remarked. 10:30 a.m. (11:30 daylight time) time to go. May 5 - Jewel Lake, 570 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. At 4:45 p.m., one bird foraging close at the S end and one bird heard in cat-tails on S side of the island. Couldn't call this bird out. Didn't hear any song but figure they are probably there. Checked nest M25.19 - at least 2 fledgling swam away from it as I approached. The F called them from back at P25 and after a couple of minutes, supposedly long enough for the young to get to safety there, did she come out to "pook" at me. The M came from someplace and also "jerked", but neither really displayed. The two eggs were gone, found #1 floating in the water about 3 feet from the nest off the end of the ramp. The nest has been revamped, that is, the cup has been filled with 2-3 inch pieces of dead dried cat-tail leaves to form a level platform. It is a layer above the ramp. - Lake Temescal, 420 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. 5:57 p.m. O is in the South Bay. Head feathers still displayed down. He moved N into a little clump of

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N. GULLION 1950 Fulica Americana 387 May 5 Lake Temescal 400 ft, Alameda Co., Calif. Carex. The SE ♀ coming down apparently routed O. 6:06 p.m. the SE ♂ is on the nest J 6.5, the ♀ is feeding on floating objects (willow seeds at insects?) at J 7. 6:09 p.m.- the E ♀ is a P16, "pumping" at me. At the same time she "pump[illegible]" at me. The 2 W birds are coming directly across from F12 in semi-charge position. They are at about N16, billing and arching. 6:14 p.m. the tagged ♂ is on the nest. at Q 22. W-O/3 seen at D 30 at about 6:20 p.m. W-O/3 has moved on down to G 22 by 6:27 p.m. Food in the lake looks to be in top shape. A considerable growth of Potamogeton has become evident during the past couple of days, covered with an abundance of algae. At 6:27 the E ♀ was at P16, but now, 6:31 is moving into Q 24. 6:38 p.m.- the SE ♂ is still on the nest. The ♀ was in the South Bay, but I was able to call her out. 6:45 p.m. The SW♀ is off the nest and sitting at ± 7.10. 6:53 p.m. the E ♀ was at P15. 9 preening etc., but she soon left moving into the cat. taily at P16. Now 7:01 p.m. The E ♀ is moving S to N13 to feed there. A moment before the M pair routed W/Bl out of K 11, chasing her to K 14. Now the W♀, startled by the ♂ is chasing W/Bl. from K 14 to

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