Alaska species accounts, part 4, v4284

Holmes, Richard T. (Richard Turner)

Unknown

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

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Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

Birds--Alaska--Barrow Point. Shore birds--Alaska. Shore birds--Behavior United States. Arctic Research Laboratory Barrow (Alaska)

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R. Holmes 1959 - 1964 Species Accounts – Part 4 Erolia ferruginea – Acanthis sp. removal experiments stomach contents Mammals.

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R. Holmes 1959 - 1964 Species Accounts - Part 4 Erolia ferruginea - Acanthis sp. removal experiments stomach contents

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Holmes, R, 1962 Erolia ferruginea 8 June Barrow, Alaska The birds of this species were seen with a group of 3 Pectoral Sandpipers in a small grassy patch [remainder surrounded by snow] on the south side of Whistler Flough - 100 yards in from Elbe Lagoon. I shot the larger of the two - when was also the lightest in color & it turned out to be ? - Perhaps there were 2 ?? - rather the pair ??? No calls were heard - The birds were feeding actively - In the same manner as the Pectoral or Dunlin - pecking at the surface of the ground - not probing. When the one bird was shot - the other individual flew off with the Pectorals - but returned stood near the wounded ? for several seconds - then flew off. It could not be located during subsequent check. [The] extra one. 9 June 1330. - One individual seen in company with 2 White-rumped Saps & 3 Pectoral Saps - in the not marshy area so & somewhat W (toward the Lagoon) from Britton's Area. The bird flew off (landing about 300 yards away) then moved on toward the north. About an hour later, it was seen again in the very wet

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Holmes,R. 1962 Erolia ferruginea 9 June Barrow, Alaska pond-marsh area 20' W. 1 1/4th Road in the same general locality - it flew across the road + off to the north - not to be seen again. The alert posture of the bird is similar that for alpina but the neck is longer + so the head is carried higher + the sickle- shaped bill is more pronounced (may be accentuated by the longer-stretched neck). The call note is an often-repeated chi-dip, chi-dip... - given in a high pitched - almost buzzy manner - has no quality of a Baird's Scr. display note. There was also a zip,zip... Note given on ground - colour is similar to (but high pitched - more like bairdi quality) The Dunlin's zhipp,zhipp. Also when the bird would land after flying - one wing was held vertically for about half a second - then lowered quickly with the normal folded position. 11 June 2 birds located about 600 yards No.1 Wahlshlag Slope adjacent to Elson Lagoon. - Watched for 1 1/2 hours - as they chased back + forth over an area 1 hill polygon + wet boughs - some sculpin mark & new - just becoming fine of snow. When first seen - they were flying low at high speed - over the ground - emitting a high pitched buzzy note.

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Holmes, R 1962 Erythia ferruginea 3. 11 June Barrow, Alaska They landed about 100 yards away - One bird going in to a hunched posture with head extended forward - neck & regular raised. Then was Dan a flutter (very) - & a possible attempt at copulation (!) - Then both took off - flying in a low long-lasting (2-4 min) flight over the tundra. The birds were never more than 6' off the ground - but covered an area 300 x 200 yards - The flight was not erratic - They flew directly - one behind the other - both birds using a full wing stroke - But the beat was rapid & could not be considered a distinct display flight (i.e. not butterfly-like or moth-like etc.) more than a chase. Several times upon landing, the chase went into a hunched posture - usually forward with neck pulled in & down - tail was always in natural shoulder down position. The note given is actual chase. It's a quiet, high-pitched, fluttering note - heard almost continuously. Usually - the two birds would land separately - at least 30' apart - sometimes 100'.

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Holmes,R 1962 Eolia ferruginea 4. 11june Barrow Alaska Que De chaar - set his wings at a wide angle - just 5' from landing t gave a freet - subbed co best be descriebel as a quiet red-bon friell (ie not grating - real slow) or Simple t he quality? The straight friell bavidi (ie not De twang, friel). This is quattene chart 1 far doubt/ UUUUUUUU or a whee-dle, whueld, whueld, whuuler- give for about 2 seconds - only head friii. In De arr - often just after taking off - give a sharp, loud - wheerb, wherbe - + Der De twiste. after landiry - a (wheire) - so give (maybe cruler - like ?) whata, whata This is quite semiler to De cubenf bavidi - when disturbed - but The male so given hen - toward De other brit - li perhaps t locator notes murifutia?

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Holvars, R. 1962 Erebia ferruginea 11 June Barrow, Alaska In flight, The birds superficially resemble Red Pollardipes - due to dark red underparts + silver white wing lining. - A course shape, posture, behaviour are radically different. No wing flushing - see from life bird. 12 June The pair was located at 10:20 & was watched for an hour or so. The bird would feed - usually within 50' of the other - then M. S. would make his way toward M. F. & This would end in a courtship display (see below). As he would feed - The white call was given + frequent trillo-sequences - given part or in their entirety Tchuk, Tchuk-Tchuk - Whia-ja, whia-ja, whia-ja, whia-ja, whia-ja - jeerēpa - where -- -- -- eeeee - jeerēpa - whenever This is the entire sequence - 2 to 3 introductory - stage notes - 3-6 trilly notes - a sharp, loud, musical jeerēpa (whether of earlier notes) & then the cubine was given. This entire sequence is given on the ground or

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Holmes,R 1962 Erolia ferruginea 12 june Barrow,Alaska On the wing The 8 made occasional short flights - flying low on the ground - again not more than 6' above the ground - flight was with full wing beat but in two cases there seemed to be a slower - more deliberate - stroke - which may have been the aerial display. Once - as the bird flew - it was sliding a few feet above the ground - giving A sort wings held slightly up - + two sequences of fast vibration (7-3) were given - at the same time - the whine note was uttered several times. - then the bird landed. However, no aerial display - with quivering wings - has been seen. The ground courtship consisted of the 8 raising one wing toward the Q - then both wings, raised - head held up - tail slightly down & fanned out : see later diagram - wings can be held at a greater angle at the upper joints, but so legs extend out.

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Holmes,R. 1962 Erolia ferruginea 12 June Barrow, Alaska The ? would start out behind the ? - or facing her - but the two birds would walk back & forth in zigzag fashion - sometimes in front, sometimes behind the ? - thereby showing the white rump. She would then fly off - he would follow - sometimes giving the call in flight - both land & feed. No wings - or were seen from landing - [only prior to the ground courtesy & in the courtship display]. No long chasing was seen today - The birds would just fly 50-100 yards at the most - settle & feed. The ? after stood & fed in the hunched posture with scapulars & back feathers raised - head lowered - but not extended forward. Several times he sat into a depression - with tail and pointed wings pointing high - usually he then stood up & walked off - but twice he was seen to stay in the cup for at least 30sec. The tail - being moved from side to side. A copulation ? at least an attempt was noted - when the ? was standing on the back / the ? - with his wings quivering - the two jumped off - into air - flown 10' - began feeding. This took place in the high, block-topped polygon area - No. 1 (the main display area - see map later -) i.e. Uria C. aera nesting copulation attempt

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Holmes, R. 1962 Erolia ferruginea 12 june Barrow, Alaska In the afternoon, Pitekka and I returned to The Elsm lagon site & quickly located The pair in The same vicinity as in The morning. The birds were going Through The same routine as described above - feeding occupies 3/4 of time & is interrupted by short courtship performance by The &;- often followed by short flight; Chaser if Dunlin - or in The case of The & - brisk steps to give The song, or The white note. 1) Courtship a) Ground . as described previously but with (almost 90° Wings held at a greater angle with Tips flaring out at a 60° Angle. The [illegible] head is held up & The tail depressed & Broadly fanned. The male saddles in front of The & and sways back & forth - Each time This was seen- The & was observed to dash at The white-rose - or cut heart pick or Thrust Its bevel in That direction. In several cases it

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Holmes,R 1962 Erolia ferruginea 12 June Barrow, Alaska went beyond the rump to the 9's head was under arwing before she withdrew it - ie shot past the rump along the flank? No? This courtship Sequence is usually started with a wing flash by the 8 to the 9 - when she is just under away - then he raises the other wing lowers tail, etc. Song? - twitter (?) - See F. m.p. Also, The male is frequently in his hunched posture - even while feeding. As he feeds along - he would suddenly set into a dynamic, raise his tail and start working again. Often he would run in hunched posture - like a mouse-run, to a particular cup, settle into it - go through the nest scrape - when half wings are moved back & forth in the air with the white undertail coverts flashing. This was noted in at least 4 places - within a 50' diameter. One case, after the nest scrape, The bird stood up, picked at several pieces of grass around the cup & picked them up in

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Holmes, R. 1962 Erolia ferruginea 12 June Barrow, Alaska The bird & tossed them to the side (not with the shaggy to see other species - where the grass is dropped into. The cup at the side of the animal) but more off to the side. The bird then walked off, hunched over. To another nest cup. The bird was facing away from us. The feet were being used about to dry out. The bottom (the cup - several pieces of vegetation (mess?) were thrown into the air by the rapid scratching motion of foot then the other. It seems that this nest cup sitting + nest scraping is all part of the ground courtship display. The 9 was always in the vicinity but usually - at least 50' away. The 8 was very noisy during the nest cup sitting - once giving a hill phase (5 in 8 sec.) in succession for 2-3 minutes - well short pauses at irregular intervals (see Pikiha - for more quantitative measurements). At the end of this a couple of whines were given, the bird stood up - walked off (hunched). The song is given on the ground as well as in the air + is part of the courtship - since it does not seem to be part of concerned with announcements. It has been characterized before - but a new rendition - never is presented below.

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Holmes,P 1962 12 June Barrow, Alaska The song starts with several (1-4,5) introductory (may vary - pite n) notes - Tchuk ; This is followed by a "tree- like call - wheeja ~ which is repeated 3 to 7 times - Per in followers (Per, it slower, would sound like the motor-churning, if the semi-pal sdg- t When the bird in a cup gave a long sequence // Then it was very puscullus-like). This is followed by a series 4-5 notes which are high pitched & very musical ta-ta-tee-tee. & The cubine : whaa~. This is The complete song - The introductory note, The 3ris-sym phrase &/or the cubine are sometimes eliminated. AERIAL COURTSHIP: Long flights seen yesterday are part of this. Today there were not noted (except i - just before we left The area- A birds flew No. with the far edge (The high pfly- gms). Short chase by the 8 → t/ the 4 were seen about 3 times. The 8 flew just behind the 4-at the same level above the ground (4-6'). The flights are generally fast - not erratic but the birds traverse widely over the tundra, usually landing several feet apart. One chuble in flight. The 8 made several fast turns every beat, cabbing up with the 4 then set its wings (horzatal) for a brief time & gave 3-1 the musical tree-note. In doing

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Erebia ferruginea 12. Holmes, R. 1962 12 June Barrow, Alaska This, his head was pulled up & the posture was the same as the other Erebia (e. argus, bullicans) in their aerial announcement Also in the flight - the bird (♂) would fly slightly slower than a normal flight - with more deliberate wing beat - still using the full stroke. - but just slowing the pace. This was sufficient to defeat - but was observed in several instances. When the birds landed, no wing-flashing seen. Further, flying there both gave dawn aerial combats. 2) TERRITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENT - DEFENSE FOR AGGRESSION - No obvious display noted - due probably to the fact that there are no other birds / plus species nearby. However, the ♂ did chase a ♂ (displaying) Dunlin 4 times. Each time - the Dunlin was feeding near the Curlew Sap - the latter issued a hunch (tail in normal pos't) & ran after the bird - both taking flight - the Curlew Sap in pursuit - giving the twinkling-twitter - as they flew off - eratically - over the tundra. Once there were 107 yards s.w. of the central curlew Sap area - a ♂ turned & came back. Flying swiftly & low to the ground (3'), landing somewhere near As 8. On the return flight - he once

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Holmes, R. 1962 13. Erolia ferruginea 12 June Barrow, Alaska gave the "slow flight" & the song was uttered. - so this could be involved in some degree territorial or aggressive action. (The when for tom. [illegible] + song 91m to 850ft. wide.) At times, the bird would interrupt his feeding to give 1-6 of the whines. (In one instance 24 were given - 1 every 2 sec. - in succession). (These are produced by the bird taking in a large amount of air - i: puffing itself up - then making the sound in the exhale - deflating. The pulsation effect is quite noticeable - series of white pump is put into view with whom & the sinks below the body, sequence on exhale). Or giving the whines - the bird is in an alert posture - usually with head up - but not accentuated as in some of the Dunlin displays. Once as the bird moved in close to us - acting rather disturbed & nervous - (just after leaving a nest up) - it gave a loud cok, cok, cok - when in very simple & clear alarm note a disturbance noted (Dunlin). As the bird came close to us, it remained in the hunched posture, acting nervously. The 2 mees gave a loud - beeble-keep or cheer-keep. & then resumed feeding. This

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Evolia ferruginea 14. Holmes, R, 1962 12 June Barrow, Alaska was heard once again just prior to a flight. The musical phrase of the 80 can be described as musical trill - whi-e - ti-ti-dee - cubee 13 June Pheles 2 returned at 1800. Spent 2½ hours searching for pair - not excellent conditions for seeing; heard 1-20 birds were located. Either they have moved off - this courtship was performed during migration or a part of the same localized area had drawn them off. Havers, The day before - no interaction had been noted between RT & The Sog. The area inhabited by these birds has been a well developed polygon area with moderate deep troughs - grassy feet cranny. Just the wind were high - flat- topped polygons - where were meet occasionally - even snow over in choice. To the south was open flat field to some hundreds yards little polygonalization. The area occupied by these birds was about 200 yards by 100 yards. - but on the RT - they encroached these boundaries. The level area was 100 x 200' - where most time spent

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Holmes, R. 1962 Erolia ferruginea 16 June Barrow, Alaska Hines & I located several birds in the same area near Elson Lagoon. At least two pair (one with a lighter ?) and a single bird (probably ? - dark red in color) + possible another ? - very whitish were seen. Feorbird was further. - Then disappeared. The 2 pair + the lone ? were feeding about 100 yards apart - 300-400 yards south of the previous center out - at the edge of the marshy, low center polygons. One pair (looked like the one previously watched) were followed for about an hour. The birds fed along the polygons troughs & ridges. Once they stopped - sat - ? put head on back & both tucked in scrupulous - lasted 5 minute - The preena & continued feeding. No courtship was heard or seen - no whining, no hunched posture - no chasing - however, both birds remained together - never straying more than 3 yards apart. One flight was noted - when the two birds took flight as a picture flew towards them - The they flew behind him in a semi-circular finally settling down & feeding again. This pair eventually flew off & went - The ? behind the ? - giving the seemingly shorter & in every so-passed the other pair - who did not react in any way to this one pair. After the Chesin,

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Holmes, R 1962 Erolia ferruginea 16 June Barrow, Alaska Birds were 50 yards beyond the fudlers bend. On 8 gave the aerial display - minutes introductory notes + terminal whine. They landed near the central area - fled for about 5 minutes & then chased to the north - in calm an erratic flight - finals landing along the bluff - 20 yards N.E. The byl polygons. Pattelka & I returned in the evening - 1 pair (with a light) & was located feeder about 300 yards S. of the central area. Soon after they were located. They took flight - gone N.N.W. - landed near the central location & there was a great flutter 1 wing - behind a polygon - may have been copulated & then they flew off a long distance to the N.W. - beside 200 yards N.E. The byl polygons area. Late day were seen flying west - into the marshy country. The light pair was noted feeding about 100 yards S. of the central area - along the edge of the marsh areas. They kept in a company of 2 Turnstones which had a nest nearly - where are they flew - De Corte Sqr. Flew with them. There 2 - probably 1st year Sqs. - seem to have the Hudson's Bay Pearly cars heard - were call note - at 9:30, not introductor The song - chuk, chuk.

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Holmes, R 1962 Eolia Ferniginea 17. 18 June Barros, Alaska Pair seen about 300 yards west of the justine along Beach Ridge - The white waaaaaaa - was heard at 100 yds distance. Late No. 8 chased No. 9 with The Hovendeling Tumbler-type landing assumed One punched posture - no The display activity was noted. The Pair was lost after about half an hour. I joined Pitella at the same area late in the evening. He had been watching 1 lone & 1 pair. As we stood there, One P was patrolling a ridge - 150 yds- fly low - given The Say (w. birtimo Theriot) altitud - standing upright - (but yet somewhat hunched, de droopy shoulders - not upright alert - as in Africa) - giving the cubere call what goes to head 40 yards away at the line plate. As he flew - he would fly low - Aprox. 3-4' off the ground, then rise to 12-15' - given the de-ta-ta-be + the de be descended - The cubere was giver - Up descent he would land - continue to give the where at 2-3 seconds interval After a time - On ground (see sec.)

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Holmes,R 1962 Erolia ferruginea 18 June Barrow, Alaska To sec. minutes,- The bird would take flight return to The other side of ridge. Beside Dr where - the competent / Song - a variable introductory note - The 'junc' - two parked trill (cheer-oh)- was given - several time in succession. The other was busy attending the 9- he remained in The hunched posture - running fast - then stopping to feed & running again. For more / less time - the 4 was not the found - but several times there was a chase - with the 5 giving The fourth - The 5 - giving trill - flee to vacant! The patrolling bird - landing nearby - it assumed an agg. posture and head forward down - pulled into Dr body, wings down. Tail dropped spread - screeching from the other bird which immediately flew flight - The other bird returned The skirmish / the 2 & 3 conferred feeding this was merely territorial encounter noted. This bird consisted of 2 sexes - males males and a rather dark female. The habitat was a smooth grassy edge - been patrolled by The Lenes of a wet lowland - pine spotted maid - cedar trees. Erected.

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Holmes, P. 19C2 Erolia ferruginea 19 June Barron, Alaska The morning - I felt she could not locate the pain. A heavy wind was blowing, smoking. leaving difference. In the a.m. Sullen did not see her. May 20th- She had been away 22 June - Philip & I checked the beach vicinity, west of the gasoline. After an hour, we finally heard a white mate & located a pair further north - on the high dunes - 28 yards S.O. I Middle salt lagoon. The 8.5on often sawing, fed by a low grass mound- settled into a depression, giving a nest cup display - with tail & pointed wing stubs up. The air moving them back & forth. After 30 sec., it stood up, walked off suddenly. Dr & could not be seen in the immediate vicinity. Later, she was seen to the west. The birds continued to feed, the 8 occasionally running in a rodent-like manner, but both feathers were not ruffled & there was less than in previous sighting of country pain. The 8 made several short, low flying flights - giving the full (aerial) song or parts thereof. Also, The doblets were given infrequently from the ground. When the 8 was first found: she was feeding.

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Holmes,R, 1962 Erolia ferruginea 27 Jun Barrow, Alaska After several polygynous groups & finally, most be way toward Dr. O which had been doing a nut-eat display for about 60 sec. - She walked up to him, stood beside him for several seconds - He stepped aside, - but kept tail cocked, head half way forward, & stood only a couple inches away, while she appears to stick ink Dr. cup-tum in several directions & finally - more off feeding. All Dr. while the O was the with tail cocked & giving Dr. doublets. After she left, he also resumed feeding activity. Later, both birds flew to east- 100 yards - O giving trembling head-up & displaying just before landing by using up to 10' per gentle arc - given the first-tender shrubine as he come down & landed, with wings held up for 1/4 second. The O landed 30' away - Dr. O made his way to her - giving two short doublet sequences & steps seeking her, makes two complete circles around her (almost touching her), gains two whines, finally, stepping & standing beside her - but and remaining motionless for about 30 sec. The returned, jumped into her back - stood there with vibrating wings

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Holmes, R. 1967 Erolia fumiginea 22 jun Barrow, Alaska Apparent, long, high display as give - This may have been in response to another bird? This species - since the area is where he flew was new when a pair we noted everest day ago. As the pair was feeding. The 0 again Gave a weird nest cup display, consisting of a standing in a depression - raising angled Tail & folded wings kept to the turning - 45° Stopping for 1/2 sec - turn another 45° - etc. No settling or wagging was noted. Both birds fed a - finally with show Say suddenly The 0 settled into (depression), 1st standing then sitting - with tail - Wing tip in air - motion in several directions. By this time, The 0 was standing 3-4" away with tail raised, whip may have been slightly dropped - head forward but not horizontal with the ground [illegible] - gave doublet (all that we could hear was one two sequence 1 doublet - but bird's body was moving more frequently - & there was have been more vocalizations). After about 45 sec, The 0 moved off - running in renewed Pasture - feeding - running again. The 0 remained in the cup for 2 1/2 minutes - Feeding This time, she preened prior to [illegible]

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Holmes,R. 1962 Erolia ferruginea 22 June Barni, Alaska W edge from the edge. The nest cup throwing them to the side (both - right? left - usually alternated) and the cup. At the end of her stay: the nest - she stood up. flew off - both birds again feeding. This is the best indicator & date of nest-building - perhaps Mr. & Mrs. choose the other site for egg & does. The building of that cup is the finished, a cup started by Mr. ? (although - Mr. ? had not displayed any when we were observing - during our observation). The frequency of whines was low today - not more than 5-7 were heard during the 1½ hours while we were observing. The doublet phrase (one of our more musical & rhythmic - not as distinctly two-parked as some songs heard earlier, i.e. at Bisa Lagoon. Alarm note - whit, whit, whii, ... gave twice- I gave it once after flying, but not landing to fart away. - She flew off - feeding (note given after landing). Later ? - gave the note while standing - a polyphony - apparently in response to a Pomarine Jaeger - as it flew towards her & as the jaeger flew over Mr. ? crouched but continued giving the note - at 18 sec intervals (i.e. slower than before at 2.3 sec intervals). [illegible] 23.

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Holmes, R. 1962 Erolia ferruginea 22 June Barrow, Alaska Pletcher & returned during the afternoon but the birds were generally inactive - spending most of their time feeding or in crevices sleeping - (or resting) on a polypite - at which time we could approach to within 10' of the two birds. 23 June 0530 - 0730. Weather clear - light wind. Recorded songs (1) of Curlew Sandpiper. Perches at this time last day were very quiet. No & was not seen once - when both birds flew - keen twin twitter note. Late No. 2 chased a Baird's Pipit by following behind it - in an erratic flight - giving the twitter - after flying about 300 yards - he turned upwards made a large arc & leveled boat toward the centre and gliding on outstretched wings during most of its return flight & giving the song in its entirety. He again chased a Baird's Pipit for a short distance & returned fly normally - per the song (intake). Not from yesterday - the bird gave cheeza beezee - but seemed to pay no attention to alpene or pasinella. Also Turnstone were frequent present & no attent we passed them by with members (Peeps) 24.

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Holmes,R 1962 Erobia Ferruginea 23 June Barrow, Alaska Another P was found - about 100 yards East of the black ridge (curv- magnetic Stabia) & 200 yards S. of the Sea-plane landing lake. It was in an area of small ponds & moderate polygonal ground - The whine was heard several times from a distance & the part (a) any (doubtful) was noted. During the next hour the bird was watched - and it chased a burrowi - both birds flying close to the ground - The Curlew Selp. giving the Horseshoe note. The chase lasted only about 30 sec - The C.Sqp returned & I moved - saw several whines & remained standing quiet for several minutes. At the first rooftop half a bow - it flew N.W. So.-W. at which time I lost track of it [it was not here for 20 sec. but was not found during a casual move afterwards]. When 1st found - Morylott saw - 2 birds chasing - but I am not clear. 25 June After waiting for 10 minutes in the central activity area on the Beaver ridge - I heard two whines from the S.- who was further to the west

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Holmes, R 1962 Erolia ferruginea 25 June Barrow, Alaska He was flying east & landed near the orange stakes - then started to feed. When a barrel flew up nearby, he followed, fllying close behind the other individual for about 30' - then turning away, gliding & uttering a 4-parted phrase - before returning to the chase - Both birds climbed to about 80' - & flew off to the SE & out of sight. Presumably, the Curlew landed - not seen - for he did not return to the area while I was there (another 10 min.). Once as the two flew off, the Curlew made a circle - then - gave 3-4 whirrs & then continued the chase. The ? was not seen during the half hour spent in the area. 26 June - 2 birds (at least 1 was definitely a Curlew Ssp.) Flying together - last are Megazones - circling Meadow lake & crossing the Bent ridge near the W. row of Beverly antennae - moving No. 1 & finally landing somewhere between the P.O.W.s & the Maguari stadia (?). The ? was not seen again during the morning (except for when - while I believed I heard?) After setting, the Curlew can for 20 min -

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Holmes, R. 1962 Erolia Lerruginea 27. 26 June Barrow, Alaska The & appeared, stood on a mound - presumably herself - & she just stood there for several minutes - looking about - but not feeding or acting nervously. Finally, she flew to the ridge to the south. During the next hour, she flew 2 to 3 kms from the central area - over the ridge & back. Finally - she disappeared in the central area & she was flushed from the nest - which contained three eggs. One broken evening-whitings. N.D.B.R. 27 June Pielka reports meet with 4 egg at 1300 - or somewhere to be seen. 28 June Near E of magnetic station & now at 5 km lagoon site, but in driving along the north side of Woblishkop - just SE of the south end of Beach Ridge - a & was flushed from the nest, which was found to contain 4 eggs. Its location was on the fourth side of a low polygon - among a patch of grass & ledge (where half the polygon was scarcer vegetation - more peaty & lichen moss covering). Turnstail well in the vicinity - as has been before in all other sightings. A bedded down rodent-run type distribution, with head down & pulled both into the body - both feathers muffled. Arms held slightly away from 1ST N.A. NEST

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Holmes,R 1962 Erolia ferruginea 28 June Barrow, Alaska The body & fluttered, tail depressed & fanned - The sunnoms off Thirty The polyze troughs - given : squeaky Call notes. She returned once & sat on an egg - while I was Standing near the wood - 46' away. 29 June Pikelka, Nome, I returned to nest #2 at 0900. The ? was on the nest and did not flush until we were within 6'. The distractor display consisted of fluttering 1 to 4 in air - while we were near the nest. If we turned away & appeared to follow her - She went into the potent-reen posture as described above. No wing-flapping or violent shaking was as seen & besides was noted. If we returned to the nest, she would return fly in air, hover on weaker wing while just 2-3' off the ground. Finally - running around (twice) setting at the nest - while we were just a few feet away - very broody & paid no attention to us. - Man other cadelaine do. Photographs were taken by Pikelka & [illegible]. 30 June Nest #1 EMPTY at 1330. No egg (The birds). Replay cup - Made by ? Checked - was fuel, lined - 3" diameter - Oil smoke poly, among relatives Joel & Dave vegetation. Nest #2 - 2 members - allowed close approach for photo.

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Holmes,T. 1962 Erolia Ferruginea 3 July Barrow, Alaska 1115-1120- checked nest near Wobbleblog - 2 was still incubating. She did not flour until 12:00 6' from the nest - at this time - she flew up in front of my face - hovering 3-4'. If I moved giving the loud - annoyed squealing sounds. As I walked off - she -gave - nodut - run or descent previous - but the hen would fly 6-10' in and keep ahead of me. 4 July 2000 - I not - nest & was not seen during 5 minutes were - but egg were there & warm - so she probably was off feeding. 6 July 1400. & was sitting - nest - she was not disturbed 8 July 1100. Nest #2 - Gone - no eggs 1 & younger eggs. Returned at 1402 - walked around Nearee - but nothing! With the number I jagan around (Parasite < 6-7) - The chances for predator being the reason for the loss is great. And I doubt they would have hatched by now. Next cup not no eggs & egg too young.

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Holmes, R 1959 9 August Barrow, Alaska Three birds were seen a footbound lake and one was collected (≈185). The birds were just changing from their summer to fall plumage with a mixture of dusky grayish plumage. The long legs and white upper tail coverts are diagnostic. The three birds were seen feeding among a group of 13 Pectoral Sandpipers. 21 August Barrow, Alaska I'm seen among a group of 3 Pectoral Sandpipers just no. 1 Voth's Area. They were feeding among a cluster of Arctophila - filled polygonized pools.

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Holmes, R 1963 "Micropalama" himantopus 7 June Barrow, Alaska I bird with flock of 14 & pectoral slg. - feeding in marsh, boughs along Elsikliff - half way between Wohlschlag & Elsm lagoon. The bird was large like the 2 OPS + gray in color - mottled back in a Rebowl. Legs were long & in flight they projected beyond the tail - also white upper tail coverts (possibly white lower tail) were conspicuous. The bird fed by probing both water without, or jolted shallow with the soil surface as the pectorals were doing. Our call note here was a relative deep Raw-irk-erk / S. Delatrous phrassive sharp. Lats, who flushed by OPS (during another OPS who was nearby). The skit gave a very sharp, muffled - kik, kik. Micropalama himantopus is now Calidris himantopus ("Stilt sandpiper") per AOU 1998

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Holmes, R. 1959 Limonodromus scolopaceus 7 August Barrow, Alaska One seen between Skpik Slough and Woblechlog's Slough feeding in soft mud with other sandpipers. 18 August Barrow, Alaska A flock of 11 was present on the south- end of Freshwater lagoon. They were feeding in the shallow ponds just 2 feet from the lagoon. They were all moulting (body). No wing molt was noted. 19 August Barrow, Alaska 150 were present on Footprint lake feeding among lot's sandpipers. They were also moulting the body plumage but not the wings. Four birds were collected. 21 August Barrow, Alaska Small groups of 10-15 birds were feeding among the flooded ponds in the so. half Footprint lake. A total of 200 birds was present. 23 August Barrow, Alaska Small group of 10-15 birds were seen again at Footprint; fewer less birds were seen too, with an estimated total of 100 being present.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Limnodromus scolopaceus 26 August Barrow, Alaska A flock of 16 was present in a small pond just north of Fresh- water Logon. Several small flocks (10-15) were present between Voth's Area and Footprint Lake, and approximately 250 were in the southern half of F.P. Lake. All three that were seen were feeding among the mud and shallow pools. 27 August Barrow, Alaska. Small flocks of 8-12 birds seen east of The Beach Ridge and west of Clean Logon. A few individuals were flushed from the seda 15m from the pool. About 50 birds were seen during the entire morning. 28 August Barrow, Alaska Two groups of 10-15 were seen east of Footprint Lake - feeding among small pools and associated areas, I sedge to grass. None were noted in Footprint Lake. 30 August Barrow, Alaska Three seen north of Voth's Area during the evening.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Limnodromus scolopaceus 3 31 August Barrow, Alaska A small flock of 12 was present along the short / the creek which drain Voth's Slough. Large numbers (5-600) were in the southeast / footprint lake and a flock of 125 was seen in the north end / the lake (in the trip down + on the return trip). This was the largest concentration / Blue Nurd seen in this area to date. They were extremely abundant + many more were hidden. The gram, in the estimate given above is probably conservative.

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Holmes, P. 1960 Limnodromus scolopaceus 3 July Skroavik, Alaska Two seen flying north-south east of Skroavik. 3 August Barrow = So. Barrow 3, Alaska 6 Seen together just north of S. Barrow 3. 6 August Barrow: Skroavik, Alaska A flock of 44 was present in the southern half of Footprint Lake. 8 August Barrow, Alaska Flock seen on a pond at Gostino Ridge. 13 Aug - Small flocks seen in Central Marsh. Most were immature. 15 Aug - None were in Footprint Lake, but a flock of 16 was seen just west? The lake was too low. 22 Aug - Flocks of 20-30 are still present in Central Marsh, but the birds are generally not very common (W. J. Mahu). 25 Aug: A group of 12 seen on the ponds west of Best Logan. 30 Aug Three birds seen together in Central Marsh.

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Holmes,R. 1961 Limnodromus scolopaceus 9 June Barrow, Alaska 2 indiv. Seen feeding with a flock of Pertman with NE corner / central marsh. 10 June - 1 Seen flying SE over north area. 11 Aug 3 seen in central marsh - near the magnetic station + then 6 seen further west - on marsh. So. 1 ATCS. All appeared to be immatures.

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Holmes, R. 1962 Limnodromus scolopaceus Barrow, Alaska Mullen sour shot an individual in A drum area behind AMI (see D.A.M.#1) 8 June - 2 birds seen feeding along a water- filled polyea trough - near Elson lagoon (No. of Wohlischlag). The pair was not collected (By bill length - seemed to be > + ?). 9 June One bird displaying over Sandridge (between Berta + Voth area). Call note in display quite similar to gulls but higher pitched. It gives several liquid notes then a swoopy tree-like call. The son 1 the bird in display was to fly in circle - widening + wideniir + Then gliding a down-curved wings - while giving No call note. There was one flight to 30'. The gliding back to the ground as seen gull-like - but the bird would glide in circles at about 75-100' above the ground. We looked for just a few minutes & the bird flew off to the west. 10 June Two birds seen feeding at the north barrel ridge - a marsh area &ree. - Appeared to be pre-bysie. 11 June Pair seen near Elson lagoon - Not Wohlischlag - we was heard displaying (annually) Later - probobs 20 and 20 fus see previously.

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Holmes, R. 1962 Limnodromus scolopaceus 16 June Barrow, Alaska One heard displaying near De Beers ridge - east of the magnetic station. 17 June One heard displaying near Elson Lagoon. 29 June 1 head displaying at De Beers near Tegel- IIATB - NW/10th Ave. 2 July One heard displaying at southeast 1 N/A 4 acres - Shovavik Plot. 18 Aug Three flocks - east (about 30-35 birds) - on Central marsh + NW of the magnetic station, All appear to be juveniles. 19 Aug 4 immature seen on the ponds toward The Point. 21 Aug 4 imm. seen so / Guelin R. 25 Aug Flock of 18 olm birds near Fresh Lake, Flr 1/4 S of John Ridge.

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Holmes, R 1963 Limnodromus scolopaceus 15 June Barrow, Alaska One displaying on census plot 17 June 2 feeding in centre weed - east! No. Meadow Lute 22 June Out fed on - small pond a brief right Then flying into the marsh. 26 June Flucht 1/10 flying E. over BA & Elsa Marsh - then out over Elsa Logan 29 June 4 along with h NW and 1 Dovorik 1 July Two separate individuals found feeding - on nutriple t arm - south side! See line edge - not far (10 yds) from the 10.0 east! Triples 1st & 2nd. Pitelka had seen them earlier in the spot - may be nesting? 3 July Two display - 5/10 even heard on the Census plot today. The same part + pair birds - in quality - with rhythm followers jandi-di-di-reet-dee patting. 7 July 2 flying east over census plot - 1 gave the aerial song. 9 July One on WNW Vth area 7 Aug (in Anbaral) Nunn 13 Aug 5 in marshy furrow sent 1 fertilizer plots. 15 Aug Flucht 1/15 south | Centre Weed. 1 flying over crop. 20 Aug Flucht 1/6-15 - south 1 garden crops See: individuals - and immature.

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Holmes,R 1963 7. Limnodromus scolopaceus 22 Aug Barrow, Alaska At NE corner 1 centred marsh - nearly 150+ immatures were feeding - when flushed all flew up together, circled & landed later - group 15-20 were seen in the southern sector of the marsh & near the fertilizer plots. 23 Aug - 100+ a centred marsh. - saw 1/2 new fledgels - on 1 bare bird up, returning for a flushing - set wing in downcurved posture (same) sequence and display - could not see band after run & determine age. 25 Aug Had 18 new adults - saw scattered snow groups - on 1 farctic ridge

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Holmes, R 1962 [9 June 1962] Steganopus tricolor Barrow, Alaska. I collected in Britten's Area. It was probably a 1st year bivalve - see specimen Steganopus tricolor is now Phalaropus tricolor per AOU 1998

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Holmes, K. 1960 Lobipes lobatus 21 June Ikrauik (Barrow), Alaska Seen with a group 16 Red Phalanges. They were all feeding in a marshy swale in melt off waters near the grid inlet into the lake. 16 Aug Spencer Lake, Alaska 75-100 present - the lake near the islands. They were feeding at a gravel bar where water was underwater.

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Holmes,R, 1961 Lobipes lobates 11 June Barrow, Alaska the semi centre marsh- 25 July Gull Lake, 50 m S E 1 C. Lisbonn, Alaska 50+ seen near the island - The Loke. mat were juveniles.

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Holmes, R. 1962 Lobipes lobatus 14 Aug Barrow, Alaska 8 seen on "gravel pond" near Britton area in company with 30+ Red Phalaropes - all birds (at both sp) were immature.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Phalaropus fulicarius 7 June Barrow, Alaska Two $\$ seen on the lead-feeding actively. 12 June Barrow, Alaska One $\$ seen in a small ice-surrounded pond - 20 yards behind ARL Bldg. 13 June Barrow, Alaska 2 pr. seen in the ponds just west of the drum area. They were feeding in the shallow icy water. The direction of feeding was counterclockwise. 14 June Barrow, Alaska 2 pairs were noticed in the tundra near the west side of Voth's Slough. In North corner the $\$ remained on the ground while the $\$ flushed (or in one case did not settle and continued flying). 15 June Barrow, Alaska Four pairs seen on pond near dump behind ARL. When they approached each other at one end of the pond, one $\$ (the females) took an aggressive action and drove the $\$ the other pair and the turned back and drove off the $\$. The ousted pair retreated to the other end of the pond and began feeding again. After several minutes

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Holmes, R. 1959 Phalaropus fulicarius 2. 15 June Barrow, Alaska They moved down to the other end again and the "mudant" female drove them off again. Apparently the pair has established some territorial terrain. The method of feeding was again noted, and the birds moved both clockwise and counter- clockwise. 19 June Barrow, Alaska Many pairs of these birds are now seen and heard over the tundra. They can be seen on the small ponds or on the tundra itself. Nesting does not seem to be underway yet. 23 June Barrow, Alaska Many birds seen in the area east of the beach ridge and near Olson Lagoon. Most birds were females, although a few males (paired) were noted. Several court choosing was seen where 4-9 females would be fighting over one male. They would all be flying (fleeting) around the male, up, down, and the flying again. Some would try to chase others off but they would usually return. The male would seem all excited during these actions and would

fly a foot or two off the ground and hover slightly as if it were trying to shove off the females. The group would quiet down when the male would stand close to a female and sometimes struggle up to her. The remainder of the 44 would then fly off or fly a few feet away and settle down again. After several minute, the fight started again. 25 June, Barrow, Alaska Several large flocks (40-50) were noted in the vicinity of Elson Lagoon. Pairs were also frequent - The small ponds. Females, however, far outnumbered males. 30 June, Barrow, Alaska From 10-20 females were present on freshwater lagoon. Two pair were noted in the small ponds, just west of the road. 2 July, Barrow, Alaska At 1400, about 180 females were present on freshwater lagoons. They were scattered along the ship narrow water while feeding and would fly when a breeze came near.

Holmes, R. 1955 Phalacrocorax fulicarius 6 July Barrow, Alaska A nest was located S of the drum area and about 50 yards west of A.H.C.S. It was within 6 inches of a small post (4 weeks old) and was well concealed by the surrounding grasses. The eggs were four in number and were light green with heavy, large black or brownish spots near the large end and smaller spots down forward toward the small end. When the male flushed from the eggs, he gave a distraction display which did not appear to us elaborate as the other shorebirds. It hunched over with the feathers back just slightly raised. The tail was dropped, but not spread and the wings were slightly dropping. This display was given for several seconds and was accompanied by the usual sharp 'click' note. Only 6-12 females have been noted in freshwater lagoon during the last few days; None were there during the morning or afternoon today.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Phalaropus fulicarius 7 July Barrow, Alaska Several seen near Elsa Logan and near A.A.C.s; however, they were not present in any numbers. Most birds seen were males. 8 July Barrow, Alaska Groups of 20-30 were seen The ponds in Utha's Area. The majority were females, and some had started to molt. 9 July Barrow, Alaska A male swan was collected in the trapline in Utha's Area. His breed patch had started to become feathered and he was molting all over his body. The wings, however, had not started. 13 July Barrow, Alaska The nest in the area near A.A.C.s. hatched within the last 3 days. Three young were seen about 10 feet away. The male became very excited and did somewhat of a broken wing act trying to attract my attention. He would lean and the turn up so that his neck

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Holmes,R. 1955 Phalacrocorax fulicarius 13 July Barrow, Alaska was on the ground and the flog his wings. This lasted for only a few seconds, then he wore fly off and call loudly. The chickens had very long legs and feet and even rust colors about the head 14 July Barrow, Alaska 50-75 present ~ shallow ponds near the South end of Footprint Lake. The majority were females 16 July Barrow Alaska Several birds were seen here and then at the tundra on the beach ridge and Woblock Slough area. Mostly seen were males which evidently look young, for they even very excited. 18 July Barrow, Alaska Several males seen just S. 1 Footprint Lake; otherwise these birds have become quite scarce. Occasional birds were seen along the beach ridge near AKS down the morning. 20 July Barrow, Alaska Several individuals were seen in

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Holmes R. 1959 Phalaropus fulicarius 20 July Barrow, Alaska Footprint Lake among the small ponds and flooded regions. Most seen were males 22 July Barrow, Alaska A flock of 15 males was seen in the flooded areas of the southern half of Footprint Lake. 24 July Barrow, Alaska Three individual males were seen near the cott's area, and a group of 6 were on the beach ridge during the morning. 28 July Pitt Point, Alaska About 6 males were seen during the hours spent in observation 29 July Barrow, Alaska A group of 30 was seen in the south end of Footprint Lake. These were all males. 31 July Barrow, Alaska None were seen in Cott's area or in central marsh or Wohlschlegel's Loughara. 1 August Barrow, Alaska 6 were seen in the southern part of Footprint Lake. All were molting, males. Hmm. 4 August Barrow, Alaska Three juveniles seen in Freshwater lake. These were collected. Saved for Medina.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Phalaropus fulicarius 8 6 August Barrow, Alaska Groups of 6-25 birds were seen at Footprint Lake. All of these birds were molting; the body was whitish while the top of the head was bluish-grey. The reddish color The body was still evident. in some individuals. Apparently These are immature birds and are now the mute common. 9 August Barrow, Alaska 80-100 seen - Footprint Lake - pretty immatures 11 August PitH Point, Alaska About 15 immatures on a dry pond with 2 males. I 13 August PitH Point, Alaska 6 immature birds were seen today, scattered over the tundra in the small pools, etc. 15 August PitH Point, Alaska 2 immatures seen, and I was caught in trayline T4. 19 August Barrow, Alaska About 15 were present at Footprint Lake; there were all immatures. Flotile of 100-150 were observed

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Holmes, R. 1959 Phalaropus fulicarius 9. 19 August Barrow, Alaska along the waterfront between the gasoline pool and the north end of the base. There were just at the edge 7 the water and were apparently trying to ride out the storm. 2 weeks estimate between 1500-2000 were present - all were immatures 21 August Barrow, Alaska 4 immature seen in Footprint Lake. No others noted on the tundra, but 100's were present along the ocean edge. All 7 these were immatures. 23 August Barrow, Alaska About 600 birds were present along the shore in front of the base. These were all immatures, and even feeding among the chumbers that were present. 26 August Barrow, Alaska Three individuals seen in Footprint Lake. One was collected and had begun to molt its dorsal feather. A flock 7 were seen flying over middle saltcoast lagoon.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Phalaropus fulicarius 27 August Barrow, Alaska I saw east of the beach ridge. Approximately 200 per along the shore between ARC and Murok. They were feeding in shallow water between 5 and 15 feet off the shore and were feeding in the charotshniky phototype way - that's spinning circles. 28 August Barrow, Alaska Between 200-300 birds seen present along the surf between the base and the turnoff to the gas well. They were all feeding and ranged from being a short out to 50 feet from shore. 31 August Barrow, Alaska Three morning (bird) immature seen a frigid lake. 1 September Barrow, Alaska A flock / 12 flying north along the shore near middle salt water lagoon. 3 Sept. Barrow, Alaska A group 16 flying NE along the shore of the Arctic Ocean (in front of the base).

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Holmes, R. 1959 Phalaropus fulicarius 11. 5 Sept. Barrow, Alaska One flock of 13 seen flying NE in front? The bore. One dead immature was brought in from The Tide Station by Ditzler.

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Holmes, R, 1960 Phalaropus fulicarius 2 June Barrow, Alaska 2 seen flying over central Marsh by Maher 3 June - 2 pair seen - No small, ice choked ponds along Elson Lagoon between Wodel + Ootjib. 5 June - many flocks of 3-15 were seen between Barrow + The Ingrain River. These were usually seen moving (flying), but occasionally a group waver along the padder marsh. Several pairs were seen. 6 June - a pair was seen near Footprint Lake. 7 June Several pairs seen along Elson Lagoon. 9 June - Several pairs seen Sr. 1 with Stout 10 June - 1 pr. seen Elson Lagoon 12 June - Several gr. seen on the broad ridge + on the west shore & Footprint Lake. 14 June Several pairs seen along the ridges near Theron + Footprint Lakes. 22 June - During The last few days, the number of Phalaropes has definitely increased, As the melt-off waters have accumulated in large marshes, etc., The birds have arrived to spend most of their time feeding. Today several pairs were going through courtship activities, where

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Holmes, R. 1960 Phalaropus fulicarius 2. 22 June - Barrow (Irkutsk), Alaska The female would chase the ♂ back and forth along pond or from one pond to another. 23 June Barrow, Alaska Several dozen noted today. These involved several ♂ chasing a ♀. The ♂ even fighting among themselves, apparently, over the ♀. One such case involved 5♂; all fighting over 1♀. There would often be actual physical contact (wing flapping, etc.) at the ground, or one ♂ would try to mount the ♀ (? - This is Barrows' questionable since it happened so quickly). These outbreaks were 1/4th followed by a chase which would last for 10-30 yards - then the brawl would start again. 26 June Barrow, Alaska Phalaropes are still abundant, but now the pairs seem to be mainly concerned with nesting. Chasing is rarely seen except between members of a pair. At this time, The ♂ seems to be more aggressive

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Holmes R 1960 Phalaropus fulicarius 3 26 June Barrow, Alaska Towards his mate, and he will often become excited and will "push around" The f. Usually during these periods I excitement The 8 will mount The 8 & copulation ensues. Several nests have been broken during the past several days. Most of these have been incomplete clutches (see P. felix). One nest was found today at the South end of the River ridge. It contained 4 eggs, and both birds were present. 28 June Wainright, Alaska These birds were fairly common at the tundra near the deer line site. One nest was found, which contained 4 eggs. 44 were still present in small numbers 30 June Skroavik, Alaska Last evening on the way south to the Lake, Flocks 1 & 99 were present along Soot logan + VTH's creek. In this shelter there were about 150 birds. About 40 were at Footprint Lake. On the study plot, There are still pairs present, but lone 8's are also seen. It seems that in these

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Holmes, R. 1960 4. Phalaropus fulicarius 30 June Ikeroville, Alaska pairs. The ?♂ are now the aggressors and become very excited when other birds land nearby. Often they will flutter around & drive off these intruders (both ?♂ + ?♀). 1 July - 1 nest was located just south of the 2nd inlet in the plot. It was on a soggy ridge with central high polygyn. The cup was lined with grass, and the surrounding polygyn was also grass covered. The 4 eggs were grey with dark (black) spots + small blotches. 8 July Barrow, Alaska The majority ?♀ seem to have departed + small groups. Here birds are now seen on lakes + ponds. The ?♂ are mostly on the nests, + one sees out feeding occasionally. 11 July Barrow, Alaska The activity of these birds has slowed down. ?♀ have disappeared now, + ?♂ are now seen occasionally - sweet pads. No young have been seen.

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Holmes, R. 1960 5. Phalaropus fulicarius 14 July Barrow, Alaska A large flock of 30-60 birds seen in the plot area near 20.3 - 20.4. Most (There were 98 but a few) 85 were mixed in. This is the first by flock noted this year. The 85 are still generally scattered over the tundra, but occasionally, several are seen together as a pair or closing over the tundra. The rest at the north end (the south end was being incubated) of the 85 was excited at my presence. There was no piping that could be seen. No phalarope young have yet been reported. 17 July Barrow - Akkavaq, Alaska Most (The 98 have left, and 85) are now the only ones seen. In fact, there now appear to be flocks of 85 or more which were feeding foraging or if they were through nesting. When flushed they fly off above the area. No broods have been seen yet by anyone (except I possibly in by Wobry). The last by the pond N01 The waning had left the tundra

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Holmes, R. 1960 Phalaropus fulicarius 6. 17 July Barrow - Kenoaik, Alaska had been destroyed. Many 3rd are beginning to molt. 19 July Barrow, Alaska Several broods were located today near 10th's nest at Rinaldi ridge. Some individuals were collected, others were banded. One individual just north of 10th's area was near a nest old and was not too far from being able to fly. The 3rd were with these broods, but they did not become especially excited when I was present. 21 July Kenoaik, Alaska The nest on the north part of foot contained three eggs when I arrived. The 3rd were not present. 3rd were seen occasionally during the day, but only 1 brood was found (+banded). 25 July Barrow, Alaska Several 3rd and their broods were encountered north of 10th's area. The young vary in size from 1-2 days old to almost flying. Five fledged 3rd were seen at larger pools.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Phalaropus fulicarius 26 July Barrow = Keroavik Alaska Large groups 158 (molting) were seen along Keroavik. No juveniles were in the group, but a couple of flocks / km. flying birds were seen. 29 July - Several molting 88 were seen in Central ward & Sleet. Also 2 Sgym young were noted. 30 July - Molting 88 are still present + now flying juveniles are beginning to appear. I noticed several 158 here today in VITA's Area, and also several partially grown chicks. The 88 do not seem to attend these young birds for closely, since they are often found alone with no adults nearby. 3 August Barrow = So. Barrow 3, Alaska Very few were seen during our trip south (not again). But several occasional 88 were noted. No juveniles seen. 6 August Barrow = Keroavik Alaska Small groups / hours seen between The boat & The lata. Along the shore to Lake (west side), many molting birds were present. They were feeding

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Holmes, R. 1960 Phalaropus fulicarius 6 Aug Barrow = Kevocuitz, Alaska along The water edge + both away from lake. The several tracks + other areas close-by Most 1 There were 5's, I believe. Few 1 Then flying juveniles were also seen. At Tostyont Lake, There were very few phalaropes. Few non-flying chicks were seen. They were attended by the adults. 9 August Barrow, Alaska Very few have been noted during the past 3 days - between the boss + gasoline ridget. There are usually several along freshwater lake. 16 Aug Barrow - Cape Lisbourne, Alaska Large groups / phalaropes, presumably The species, were seen along The shore, between Barrow's List A: At Lake Spirit, several 1 There were seen among the more common No. Phalaropes. 21 Aug Barrow, Alaska Most 1 The birds have stocked up + left with The excepti 1- few

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Holmes, R. 1960 Phalangus falvarius 21 Aug Banow, Alaska 85' + juveniles still seen - The fundera pools & The Lake beds. Holes are still seen along the ocean front. 26 Aug Some 85' + mostly juveniles are still seen on The ponds, feeding both under water & along the shore. 30 Aug About 3 individuals seen today in Carrol Marsh, Mord 1 The ponds are now staging frogs during The day, making feeding difficult. 3 Sept Several seen near Skovarkt / west in Footprint Lake, trying to feed among The freeze pack.

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Holmes,R 1961 Phalaropus fulicarius 3 June Barrow, Alaska 2 pair seen on small ponds along the west shore of Elsa Lagoon. Both individuals were feeding actively with no apparent courtship occurring. 5 June - 1 pr. seen near Elsa Lagoon - more elsewhere 7 June 2-3 pairs seen S.O. of Britton's Area today. In one case 2 99's were fighting over a 8 - much flying was going on, chasing both + forth. 8 June Many birds seen - on ponds near both + Britton's Areas. 9 June Numerous individuals pairs flying around Footprint + near Shroaark. 11 June - Abundant in Central Marsh - where most birds appear to be paired. Very little activity was seen on the ridge (bird - FAP photo). One & collected body was 4km away. 17 June Two nests found today. One on the east Slope (The BR - on F.A.P.'s plot - it was on a dry path) / The ridge - it was surrounded by drooping grass. It was quite well lined with grass & sedge - The 2nd nest was found next to Trophine III B - on a slight polygon top - where it was well covered with grass. After a 20 99's were observed in Central Marsh, Also large numbers of pairs were still seen together in the fumera.

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Holmes, OR 1961 Pholampus Sulcaria. 20 June Bannu - Stewarite, Alaska See frequently - mostly paired - two seen 27° + 18°. Nesting generally seems to be well underway. 24 June Several small flocks of 4-5 seen between The base footpik slough; very few were in central marsh. 27 June A few birds were seen. At plot - inc. 2 pairs about 3 males. Nolay flocked 4-5 were noted during the trip to Stroovich. 4 July The 1st nest found (near 10.0) in FAP's plot has been destroyed. A person was found with 4 eggs - her (4.1). 7 July I seen - One plot (8°) at Stewarite no others seen today!! 9 July Now seen at the B.R. - The nest found 4 July Could not be found. 18° seen near AACS or one near Fresh lot. - No other seen anywhere - no 9&c ward, etc. 11 July 2-3° seen a pond. No. of Ooth's Area. 13 July 4-5 8° seen during today's travels to Oolepik slough - Footound Lake. No 9° seen. Nest at B.R. plot near 2.0 - gone definitely. 15 July A few single 8° + new snow group. 1-3° were seen in tundra north's area - The insect plots.

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Holmes,R 1961 Phalaropus fulicarius 12 July Barrow, Alaska No young have been seen this year! A few 875 again seen - but none seen very excited - all were feeding in Artemisphaula ponds. 19 July - few 875 seen between Wold. Footspit, but no young were encountered. These were seen individually - usually a ponds. 21 July 2875 see just No. 1 footprint - No young yet! 23 July - None seen between Camp - C.M., EIS - Lason, Woldschlog - Oalgate & return. None seen near insect plots. 26 July None seen at De Trigos d'Kroania. Still no young seen this year. 28 July - None seen along the coast to Cape Libourne. 30 July Few small flocks / mostly juveniles + few 875 seen along the coast between The Airport & Heaper ( mi N. 1 Birds nich. 2 Aug Several juv. See No. 1 VORI, Area t i The gravel pools - No. 1 Britten's Area. Also along the coast among the ice floes, few large flocks / juv. + 875. 4 Aug See. 100 Juvs. + Ad. 875 seen along The Shore between De Cozett Nunatak.

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Holmes,R 1961 Phalaropus fulicarius Barrow, Alaska 7Aug Barrow,Alaska 1 Immature see between Capt Cobipit Slough. 15Aug 1 See - Footprint 18Aug 1 See near Woblesbog Slough. 22Aug Numerous immatures + a few Adult P's see along the Older toward the point. Swans Holding 16-30 were present in The ponds -

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Holmes, P. 1962 Phalangus fulicarius 8 June Barrow, Alaska 1st RP seen today - a flock / 5 flying south across cobbles bog slough. Five males seen flying to the south over Uth Are. A flock / nine in the evening. 9 June Many birds seen today - Nearly every pond hold a pair + mud chosing Norther Sea - 10 June May seen today - wherever there was open water. 12 June Many seen near Eisan Bluff. 14 June Many birds present - 500+ population size. 17 June Nest with 1 egg found just W. of the corner floor pond - 50 yards, NE of Wibblesby. 20 June 4 nests - found on the plot at Skroaite - 2 with 4 eggs, 1 with 2 + 1 with 1 egg. In all cases the 8 was incubating. Females found and the wanny's late in the evening, 1 with 4 some with 3 eggs - after 8:00 some of the nests were anxious to get back & settling off they were flushed. 21 June One more nest was found - NE 1 The wanny's with 4 eggs. The nest on the plot with 2 eggs - heeled 3 today; There was still only 1 egg in the other - incomplete clutch. 23 June Nest with 1 egg - near Eisan Lator - Condon Sop Area. - Both sexes present 24 June - All nests - plot checked - only 1 had 8 or more egg cell and 4 eggs - except The one - wheel steel too.

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Holmes,R. 1962 Phalaropus fulicarius 24 June Barrow, Alaska only one egg. One 087 r a few 94 seen noted on the plot. One cygnet in wader (see M. S. end 1 M. plot). Several 94 seen chasing over the area and 887. 26 June - flock of about 30 94 seen - gravel pond - near Britten's Area. 27 June Nest on plot - still with 1 egg - warm. Apparently 07 is still incubating. Three nests found north of Wannigan inlet to Sherowat - 2 with 4 eggs; 1 with 3. Still some 94 chasing 887 on the plot - no flock noted today. 2 July Nest on Sherowat plot - all intact with 087 incubating - No nest seen with 1 egg. Two more not found - containing 2 eggs. No 94 were seen with 087 whose nest above tons - but 3-4 pairs seen still noted. Flock of about 40 94 at a Wannigan inlet. Mille reported 100% of 94 at the south end of the lake. 4 July No birds in Central Mass. 5 July Lay Flochs 1 94 along Sherowat plot's inlet. Still 2 94 seen with 887 on the plot. The nest which contained 1 egg in the gravel - now contained 4. The 3rd nest egg - is still incubating. Another nest was located - on the plot - just 2 eggs.

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Holmes, R 1462 Phalaropus fulicarius 6 July Barrow, Alaska 3 a.m. nuti drum area - did a partial distraction display. When it was flushed at flee moments for 2' handles - lowered head, tail which was partially fanned - both further were ruffled so that my almost stock straight up & wings were out of a fold. The bird flickered from side to side - ever very almost touchin the ground as it leaned to that side. After about 30 seconds - I saw almost staggering movement - the bird straightened up & stood there - in the usual clumsy Phalaropus manner. 9 July Small number crossing the plot - but no lays. Holes seen free. At south end 1 Skroul hole - 1 foot 1 ~150 g? and 1 at least 500 m an Arctophila - filled pond. The nest in the plot & few others are a bit censused. 12 July Only bird in plot today - were present nests - most of which were empty - i.e. had hatched - all census sheet. Wherever - only observed 37 Raven seen in the VOR Area during my afternoon. 14 July Several 878 - n?g 17 July Several 875 as warm n?g - n [illegible] today.

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Holmes,B 1962 Phalaropus fulicarius 22 July Barrow, Alaska Lays flock - 60-80 - seen flying at The Nid about 2 hrs back - probably Even 87? - but may have included mottling 99 (?). 30-40 were also present at The point at The Fordport 1/ Fordport Lola. 24 July Group 6 2-4 73 a in ponds & marshy area No. 1 Voth Area. 25 July Large Flock (90+87?) & a few immature along Else layer - near Brant 87 (400+). 30 July 10? or Fred Lake - near The lake 1 Aug 3 heavy morning flocks (?)- at gravel ponds near Britham's Area. No other seen today, but large Flocks of adult were seen near The point by there. 3 Aug 30-40 juveniles at Fred Lake - as well as a parade Sound / Waterbridge. 5 Aug Many juvenile birds seen on Deprocks in The marshy areas - east & northeast of The level ridge. 200+ at Fred lake 6 Aug 150+ at Fred lake vicinity & many pond near Gaslin Ridge Took 2 to 30 juveniles - individuals were frequently flushed on pond edge - and full sedge grasses. 2 mottling 99 were also present - other old were jin.

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Holmes,R 1962 Phalaropus lobatus 17 Aug Dance, Alaska Small flock / juvenile on gravel pond New Britta's Pond + also scattered around Voth's Airstorm Marsh. 13 Aug Only a few noted on the Tundra posts - most sent to almanac shore flood lagoons. 14 Aug 100+ on gravel pond near Britta's Pond + 30+ adults Strelka lake. 18 Aug Large numbers of immatures seen along Elson Lagoon near Brant Itz - only a few were noted at the Tundra posts. 20 Aug 30+ at Britta's Gravel Ponds. 21 Aug Very few are now at the Tundra ponds - most seen to be congregated along a shore. 22 Aug 3 at Britta's Gravel Ponds 23 Aug 100+ + several near Shramnik. Also flock 68-18 flying 5-6 along the ocean shore. 24 Aug 3-400 ± m ponds toward the Point.

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Holmes,R 1963 Phalaropus fulicarius 1 June Barrow, Alaska 4 pair seen - snail pad in Britta's Area. 5 June 3 or pairs near Eison x Wabbschley 6 June Several pairs + 1 immature (244,18) several valley slough bluff 7 June Nunnar, 2's-pairs seen near Wabbschley & Eison. 8 June Numerous pairs three-some seen on valley slough - feeding in shallow pools & upland tundra. One flock / 15 flying east - AVA Area. 15 June Two-Three pair - Shroud census plot - not common. 16 June Natural eggs. 16' E of Triplee IBA O.O. 17 June Three-four pairs on plod at Shroud - but Generally scarce. 20 June Natural 4 eggs - near 10th Slough - 30. 1 O.O. Area. 21 June Nest with 4 eggs a plot at Shroud. 25 June Antler" ... - also 1 with 4 eggs 100 yd W. 1 S. Footbrid 26 June W1 Brant pt. Two flocks of 97-1/6, & 118 c-pair, near Brant Pt. 29 June - Distraction display by P from nest near 9.0 - Wings were extended out d the side - tail Was depressed & partially fanned. Scapthale feathers were not raised or ruffled. The bird shuffled off mount a trough - fifteen side

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RTH 1963 2. Phalaropus fulicarius 29 june Barrow, Alaska h sed + fluttering his wings - given - squeelin sound 2 Jul. Nest found 8v40 by Tegler 5-10.0 - with 4 egg - O performed no distr. 5 July Nest with 4 egg - just s.1 Britton's Area. 7 July Nest with 4 egg - 168' w./ 2.4 a Shuart plot. - Nest nre 9.0 - had 2 dead young in it - probably Nectan & Snowfall a few days ago. A few floes, 9.5S Allen Devonit & stream entering the lobe 9 July Ice/16s - Ansun plot - plus 83 crevater at nest nre 3.4 & 15.1. Scadued 83/16s were a regards. 12 July 8 + 4 chick seen in marshy swale - 200 yd south / north salt lagoon, 16 July Nest in Britton's are still been incubated - nest near John's House gone. - no sep 1- or chicks. The floe d 95 have not been very noticeable This year - none were seen today. 17 July Much confusion today - census plot (Shuart) - many groups / 44 with 83 occasional mardin - flying around - landing in grassy - upland area. feeding for awhile & then moving... One floe of about 150 - birds moved across the tundra just past The peak.

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Holmes,R 1963 Phalarpus fulicarius 20 July Banns, Alaska Stee Floo. 179 - not occasional P.-K. Ohroaivil unew plot - gory / 3-15 new puses - monty n. ny uplan jundre 1 i wet fingers - mot r.pats. One carcan - reduced t feather torn by a predeth - with n last well- found 2070s sout / garen R. 23 July (lays first) / both 82+ 42 (50:50) allen Sherrard lota 4 Aug (Dongy chick collected) in wet polyn am not Mooth Ave. 5 Aug Numeas Unnative sun pndr rmarsh behav neocleady r fekely plots. 6 Aug Floo / 16 in footput lota & Snoll Gropes / 2-6 a prob - Sherrard plot 2-300 - fresh lota at 04:02 - by 6:30 . man were Mue - in lote oftene - 1-157 were great 8 Aug Same as yesterday - lays #k i cent menner - gave day 1200. E.-M. Am Cue - In move or they move out of Mc crab shorlind n lepa at center time. 13 Aug Lays #5 (10+) / Unndtuus - fred lote & Scattered individuals - funelis pade, 15 Aug Ganna a fresh lota t prors to re sord- I Woblschy Sloge - 1025 / donnatu- ne adult sea.

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Holmes 1965 Phalaropus fulicarius 23 Aug Barrow, Alaska 3-700 Donator - Fuel late in the afternoon. off meet with Noel civil down.

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Holmes, R.T. 1964 Phalaropus fulicarius 5 Jun Barrow, Alaska 2 flying near Voth area 6 Jun Saw, mostly pairs, noted so. / British Area 10 Jun 8 nest sites pr near Voth area. 15 Jun Number increasing - but still not very common 1 couple seen today. 20 Jun Not very common - never found yet - Scattered birds only. 25 Jun Scattered 4S & oceanic 4 to 7 light atry & shroud - but to date no nest has been found. 28 Jun Nest with 4 eggs a grassy ridge in deep grass - collected for weight. (12-14 day embryos). 29 Jun Flock / 1849 - a Norn edp / C.M.

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Holmes,R. 1959 Stercorarius pomarinus 7 June Barrow, Alaska. 11 Birds seen near the Nest at 1400-1430. They were all flying Eastward. 8 June Barrow Village, Alaska. 1 bird in dark phase seen flying in from the ocean and North over the Tundra. At Newahigh and direct course. 9 June Barrow, Alaska. 9 birds seen flying inland from the sea near the Voth area. 2 others noted flying inland just W. of the Base. 12 June Barrow, Alaska At least 5 of these birds were seen Friday west of the Voth's Stragh Area. One pair (a dark phase to a light phase) was seen with another pair light phase birds. The first pair were quicker, chased out of area by the light pair, but they all were seen in fairly close association about an hour later. The light phase pair were noted counting. As they flew back and forth over the tundra, the male seemed to be in pursuit of the F. He would

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Holmes, R. 1959 2. Stera covarius pomarinus 12 June Barrow, Alaska fly with a shallow wing beat where the wings were never brought above the horizontal. This was used as the bird was coming ash land. In other instances, during a flight the wings may be held over the head and beat so that they never come down to the horizontal (F.A.R.) This may be related in some way to the ground behavior of raising their wings. Once on the ground, the B would raise his wings. Then both birds of the pair assumed a strutting position one stood side by side or face to face in this position. Then the last fly M in pursuit of the previously mentioned pair 1 joegers. There birds were seen during fled from with at least a warbird at one time. The P of the mating pair was seen setting out in the snow. As another joeger approacher, the settling bird raised and lowered its wings several times, apparently this was a weak sign of aggressiveness to indicate that that was his territory.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Stercorarius pomarinus 3 12 June Barrow, Alaska. In the above mentioned description 1 the mating display. The male was also seen to cock its tail at the same time the wings were raised. It was also cocked during the strutting performance. 13 June Barrow, Alaska One seen in and around Drum area. It was noted sitting on the tundra in a small patch of dried grass. Upon being approached too closely it stood up and several seconds later took flight. It then landed about 50 yards away and remained standing in that location for about 10 minutes. When it flew off we settled about 200 yards away, It remained attentive with neck held erect and turning from side to side - both while standing and sitting. It was not seen to feed while it was observed. 14 June Barrow, Alaska 0900-1030. Drum area. Three birds seen flying, within 16 yards of each other, north and forthave

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Holmes,R, 1959 4. Stercorius Pomarinus 14 June Barrow, Alaska. The drum area. There seemed to be m pairing in this group, for conflict was not noted. One bird settled on the ground for a few seconds then flew off with the other two towards the N.E. At the same time, 2 other birds were seen near the drum area near the cliffs. They were both sitting about 20 yards apart. One flew up and flew about 100 yards and settled down again. The other did not follow. 1300-1600. Many indiv seen on the tundra. Some were in group of 2. Others three, and still others by themselves. At least three and possibly four pair seemed to have established some territoriality, as they were noted to drive other birds out of their area. An attempted copulation was attempted once. The female was spread out in the snow, and the male was seen to "walk" up on to her back. Contact apparently was not made, but the behavior emphasizes the "intention"

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Holmes,R. 1959 Stercorarius pomarinus 14 june Barrow, Alaska Of the pair. Sometimes when three birds were flying together there would be no conflict. Then all of a sudden, two of the birds would turn and chase the third until finally they stopped the attack and the two pursuers took off by themselves. One bird was seen with a lemming in its mouth, and it was immediately joined by two other birds. After a chase for 30 yards or so, the bird with the grey and one of the others turned on the third bird and drove it off. At this time the two remaining birds landed over a hill and the rest was not observed. Several seconds later, however, both birds were seen standing in the snow about 2 feet apart. Apparently the lemming had not been consumed. 2000. About 15 birds seen in the hummocks and surrounding furnace. Ten were seen at one time sitting on the ground. The other two were flying here and there. No aggressiveness ever seen, except when one individual landed

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Holmes, P. 1959 Stercorarius pomarinus 6. 14 June Barrow, Alaska near (4 feet away) a sitting bird. The intruder was quickly chased on the ground for about 10 feet before it took off and flew to the eastward. 15 June Barrow, Alaska Ten birds seen sitting in drum area and adjoining tundra. There seemed to be very little activity as most of the birds were standing or sitting on the ground. A few were noted flying. Three Glaucous Gulls were flying around these jaegers and oices. I would travel to close and the jaeger would fly off to another mound. During the afternoon, 8 birds were seen sitting on the tundra, and an occasional one would get up fly around and then settle down. One of these birds was seen to catch a lemming and fly with it in its beak to a small tussock. Immediately, three other jaegers converged on this bird. After about a minute a struggle The birds began to separate and the three finally flew off. The lemming was not seen again, so probably it

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Holmes, R 1955 Stercorarius pomarinus 15 June Barrow, Alaska Had been swallowed during the hunt. Birds were seen all afternoon in the drum area and on it. Aggressive behavior was noted twice by two different individuals in different places. Both times it consisted of chasing another gull away from where the aggressor had been sitting. These were chased for about 20 yards and then the bird came back to his original position. 16 June Barrow, Alaska At least 3 and probably 4 pairs seem to be settled in the area between the end of the north area & gasoline room with the west to the row of tripods-like poles. They were noted defending their territories several times. One was also seen carrying cleaning in its bill. 17 June Barrow, Alaska One pair seems to be settled in the drum area and possibly one by the dump. The one in the drum area was seen to chase a Short-eared Owl out of the area. The owl circled back once, but was quickly chased out again. About 5-6 birds were seen in the vicinity.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Steracovarius pomarinus 8. 18 June Barrow, Alaska 4 seen in the drum area. No territorial defense was seen during the morning. 19 June Barrow, Alaska One bird seen in the drum area in the morning and in the afternoon. No activity noted. Several were seen wandering over the ridge during the day. There were all singles so that no conflict was seen 20 June Barrow, Alaska Several individuals seen flying over the beach ridge. No aggressive action was noted. Juveniles were not seen in the drum area. 21 June Barrow, Alaska One individual seen flying South over the beach ridge during the morning. None were seen in the drum area. 24 June Barrow, Alaska One seen flying over the ridge at 1900. 25 June Barrow, Alaska One seen near ABCS buildings during the morning, as another was seen just E of the beach ridge. 26 June Barrow, Alaska One seen near the beach ridge and flew over Central Wash.

28 June. Barrow, Alaska One individual seen just so. I gasoline ridge. It was flying at first and then it sat on a small polygon. It then began to dig by pulling up parts of the tundra with its bill. It would pull up a bunch of grass, throw it aside and then look up and look around before repeating its 'digging.' 30 June. Barrow, Alaska Two seen along gasoline ridge flying westwardly. 2 July. Barrow, Alaska Two seen near the gasoline ridge and one over the beach ridge. 5 July. Barrow, Alaska Three seen flying and hunting over the block ridge near the census area. 6 July. Barrow, Alaska Several seen in central marsh during the morning and one seen harassing a female plover who was flushed from a nest.

Holmes, R. 1959 Stercorarius pomarinus 6 July Barrow, Alaska In this case, The duck was fluttering over the ground in an attempt to fly, and The jaeger was attracted because of an injured bird. After she finally gained her flight, The jaeger flew off and resumed her hunting. (He had simply hovered a foot above her head while she was trying to get off the ground). 7 July Barrow, Alaska Birds of this species were seen here and flew over The Hundreds between APL AATS, Bevok Relay, Worthley's Slough and Elsie Logan. Most were hunting, and 1 here were in pairs. Several nests I Longspurs or some shorebirds have been destroyed in the ridge and it seems that The jaeger, may be the culprit. A snowy Owl has been in The area for, as long as she have spent 10. The majority seen today were along The beach ridge.

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Holmes,R. 1955 Stereocoraxus pamarinus 8 July Barrow, Alaska Several sea in Uot's Area. Most were feeding, but some were sitting a mounds. Apparently, more are nesting. 10 July Barrow, Alaska Three seen hunting together just N of Uot's Area. They were giving long harsh, gull-like calls as they flew over Pt. Tundra. 14 July Barrow, Alaska Two nests were discovered today S. of Uot's Ave. One was 50 yards W. of a gasline road about a mile S. of Uot's Ave. It was a slight mound and consisted of 3 eggs laying in a cavity lined with a few grasses. The eggs were 2 inches and were olive-green with small black spots. The second nest was about 100 yards SE of the S. end of Footprint Lake, also on a small mound. The number of eggs and nest conditions were similar to the first nest. 16 July Barrow, Alaska Three were seen near the census plot on the beach ridge. Several others

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Holmia, R. 1957 Stercorarius Pomarinus 12. 16 July Barrow, Alaska seen seen flying near the lights. Slough 3 Slough and Elsa lagoon. 17 July Barrow, Alaska Jess seen near AHC 5. 18 July Barrow, Alaska The nests were checked during the afternoon. Nest #1 (No. 1 Footprint lake) still had two eggs. The adults were not too excited upon our approach and put flin about giving a jird-like call. The rather so on a pilyga which is cover with moss and lichens with an interspersin of grass and sedge. There is actually very little vegetation present around the depression when the eggs are laid. Nest #2, SE of Footprint lake, was destroyed. The two egg shells were present with holes in them. Apparently an owl or other fayer had destroyed the nest. The nest also was a slight mound covered with moss and a little grass sedge. The adults were not seen for sure; however, several jaegers were seen hunting in the same vicinity. A new nest was discovered only west side (Footprint lake). At 1630 at containing 1 gray-downed young

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Helmer,R 1957 Stercorarius pomarinus 13. 18 July Barrow, Alaska and 1 pipping egg. This nest had the same general location as the other two that is atop a mound which in this case was very slight. Also this one had more grass and was in the middle of an open field about 180 yards wide and 4-500 yards long. It was located about 50 yards from some polygons which were much higher than the nest mound. 19 July Barrow, Alaska. At 1000, the eggs in nest #2 were just beginning to crack. Both young were present in #3 and were quite active. The Adults in #1 are very "scary". They will leave the nest when a person is approaching for down the road and will not return for considerably longer time afterwards. At least 15 to 20 other foragers were seen between 14th Ave and Stena-vile. They could be seen almost anywhere. 20 July Barrow, Alaska. Nest #1 at 0900 was still pipping and was fended in with 1'x30' Seering. Nest #3 was checked and the young could not be found. The

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Holmes,R. 1957 Streperaum pomarinus 20 July Barrow, Alaska adults were there showing sign of disturbance as I approached. However, after an hours search, The chicks could not be found. When Nest #1 was disturbed by checking the nest area putting up the fence, the adults became quite excited and would fly around with a downward swoop at me. Also at that time, 7 other jays gather around harassing the nesting pair, so I had all these birds to chase. I before I was attacked again. 26 July Barrow, Alaska Several were seen near Nuwuk along the coast. 22 July Barrow, Alaska Nest #1 was still piggling. The adult birds were very excited. #3 was chated and no chicks were found. Two jays were present, but did not become excited upon my approach. 23 July Barrow, Alaska Nest #1 contained 4 downy young at 1300. Nest #3 was still deserted, but one young was found about 20 yards away among some high polysom. It was handled and

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Holmes,R 1959 Stercorarius Pomarinus 15. 23july Barrow, Alaska released in the same area. The adult did not became to excite when I found this young bird, but it was in good shape, as they had apparently been feeding it. A slight distraction display has been noted with the paired nest #3 and not in #1. The female will land on the ground 30-40 yards away, then fly and waddle away from the tundra, apparently wanting him to follow. Occasionally the wings are dropped slightly and the head may be held out horizontally. These foragers are steel rather common, and at any one time, at least 5 or 6 can be seen flying over the tundra. 27july Barrow, Alaska The nest #1 was checked at 1300 and the 1 remaining young were still active and the adults were still defending. 29july Barrow, Alaska Few jaegers are now seen on the tundra, and some seem to be seen over the ocean. During four hours spent in lot's free only 2 Romanus

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Holmes, R. 1959 Stercorarius pomarinus 29 July Barrow, Alaska were seen during the whole time. 31 July Barrow Alaska Three birds were seen near Woolschlegi Slough in the afternoon. None were seen in VITA's area. 1 August Barrow Alaska The nest was checked, and it still contains the young bird. The adults are as active as before. 4 August Barrow, Alaska The young bird was still in the enclosure and was attended by the adults. 5 August Barrow, Alaska Three seen near Newwale, horsing the Siberia Gull & Kittiwakes. 7 August Barrow, Alaska Two seen near Footprint Lake chasing a group of Pied-billed Sandpipers. No contact was made. None were seen on the trip to Woolschlegi & Dyak Slough 1. The nest was checked and the young bird was still there, and the adults were active. 18 August Barrow, Alaska Two were seen just south of AACs, flying over the Tundra.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Stercorarius pomarinus 19 August Barrow, Alaska The nest was checked, and the adults were still present and attending the young. The chick has begun to feather out and will probably leave the nest within a week or so. 21 August Barrow, Alaska The young jaeger had left the nest by 1300 today. The adults were still present & attacked me as I neared the nest. They soon flew off in a westerly direction & seemed to stay about 300 yards away. - After searching for the young was not found, but it was probably somewhere close by. 25 August Barrow, Alaska 6 seen in Central Marsh, flying low on the tundra towards the nest. 26 August Barrow, Alaska One seen in Central Marsh. None seen in the vicinity of the nest as I left. Bare. 28 August Barrow, Alaska One seen near footprint Lake. Now

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Holmes, R. 1959 Stereocarpus Pomeraninus 28 August Barrow, Alaska were seen in the vicinity. The net (#1). The fencing was removed and Maki collected the pellets. 5 Sept. Barrow, Alaska Two seen between Footprint Lake and VADS Area.

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Holmes,R 1960 Steracornis pomeranus 1. 25 may Barrow, Alaska Numerous individuals and groups of Band B seen in the vicinity of the bird ridge during the afternoon. No direct evidence of area occupancy was noted. During the evening, however, in the Wohlesberg Slough & southern tidal rogy area, choosing was noted from the wing during threat given from the ground. A glimpse was obtained of a pair courting, but the birds flew off before my details could be recorded. 29 may Barrow, Alaska. Numerous birds present on The funder. Many on showing signs of occupancy as birds well spread their wings & "call" at intruders. Occasionally aerial chases were noted. 1 out 10 birds (roughly) appear to be in mid-dash phase. 38 May Barrow, Alaska Many settled pairs were noted nor LOR's Area and Village Slough. Birds could be seen sitting on the snow or low mounds. Occasionally one would rise and

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Holmes, R. 1960 Stereocararius Pomarinus 2 30 may Barrows, Alaska circle around when a wandering jaeger came into an area. Twice a wing raising display was performed by both birds on the ground. In the case, The wings are raised high over head + the head either held back or extended forward. Usually a rather loud cry accompanied the display. 31 may Barrow, Alaska. Numbers seem to have increased during the day. Maker estimates a 3-4X increase in the central ward region. Birds seem to be evenly spaced out + ever wide expansion snow while have a pair or two of jaeger sitting on it + defending this area against others. 1 June Barrow, Alaska Scattered jaegers were present below APL and Skovoid. No large numbers were seen. A group of 21 were seen settling on the lake. Along the west side, pairs seemed to be established every 5 mile or so. No clarge concentrations were observed. 2 June The same held true today for the jaeger populations in the Skovoid

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Holmes, R. 1960 Stercorarius pomarinus 3. 2 June Barrow, Alaska area. 2-7 evening Uth Area + Villog, locator was censured by Maher. 3 June - 19 birds were seen settling in Naire on Ebon Logan. 5 June - Barrow -> Inam River, Alaska Numerous birds seen all Highway 6 to 12 Drama. See Maher's Notice for details on numbers. One nest was located just 75 feet from the river. It contained egg. 6 June - Barrow, Alaska A flock 135 was seen a Footprint Lake, plus The pair 1 settled Birds. A nest was found Southwest / Footprint + No. 1 shrub. There was egg. This nest was located in a small mound (of about 3 feet in diameter) and was completely surrounded by snow. 7 June Barrow, Alaska A territorial dispute involving 6 birds (3 pairs) was observed in central marsh. The encounter involved several physical clashes which set the birds off the ground. There was much squawking + yelling and flying. The intruding pair left the area. The 2 residents returned to this territory.

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Holmes, R 1960 Stercorarius pomarinus 4. 7 June Barrow, Alaska A nest was located on a south sloped wold. Slogh about 40 yards w from Elson Logar. It contained 1 egg. Another was located in a deep (natural) depression we bed 1 chickens on the west margin of The broad ridge between The central mass plot & The broad ridge plot. This nest contains two eggs. 8 June Barrow, Alaska No new nests located on the west side / The gasoline , but several 4k were "broody". A flock of 56 was present on Footprint holes in the late afternoon 9 June Barrow, Alaska A pair seen courting east of the broad ridge. When first observed, The two birds were facing each other level as. The 4 was hunched over low and was moving her head + neck from one side to the other. The Other had his head lowered, but not hunched over. The Other picked up a lanning & The High-Elm was followed. Both birds held Their wings high, while at the same lime holding a little lanning with their bills. The tugging lasted for

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Holmes, R. 1960 Stercorarius pomarinus 3. 9 June Barrow, Alaska about 1 min, after which The trimming was dropped. The P then began to jump into air with both wings raised. It appeared to bound or spring up to a height of 3-4 ft. There were 4/1 These actions before he took flight to defend The hunting. All The time, The P was standing in a slightly hunched position. Numerous nests are now being found; These can be seen on the map. 13 June - Many are now present, and most are meeting. There are no larger flocks of birds seen in The Lakes; however, occasionally single birds are seen. Territories seem to be present in The Star 1 footprint lake, but nests have not been found. 23 June Ikraville (Barrow), Alaska The nesting density here at The Lake appears to be similar to the area around Barrow. The birds can be seen all around the Waniger, & several nests can be seen from that location. These will be plotted after they have all been found. One

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Holmes, R. 1960 Stercorarius pomarinus 23 June Heron Lake, Alaska pair while in located directly south of the warbler's nest near the NW corner of the plot. The aggressive male. The pair is especially noticeable somewhere- over 2 approaches both birds become highly excited & begin dive bombing immediately. The usually drops his feet just before he passes by, so that there hit against my head or hands. He & so not quit. The aggressive, but she will come quite close in her dive. It has gotten to the point now that whenever we come out of the warbler's nest (sometimes other birds) will fly over & start attacking - even though we are 100 yards from the nest. 28 June Wainright, Alaska Birds were seen throughout the trip from Barnes to Wainright. At the site in an area of a little more than 1/2 a square mile (actually about 3/4 sq. mi.) there were approximately 4-5 pairs. Several territorial encounters were

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Holmes, R. 1960 Stercorarius pomarinus 28 June Wainright, Alaska noted but there were infrequent. In walking about in the tundra, we were never attacked by jaegers, and it was my impression that jaegers were genuinely scarce (at least compared to Barrow). 29 June Barrow, Alaska Rex Pieper + Dr. [illegible] reported seeing a jaeger take a phalarope egg. Apparently they saw the bird at the nest, and after scaring it off, they found that the egg had been punctured but the bird had been scared away before he had taken the contents. Jaegers were seen attacking the owls at West 3+2 this morning. On several occasions, it seemed that actual physical contact was made. 1 July Ikorvik, Alaska The nest in front? The warren at the NW corner? The plot has one egg which is pipping (at 1600). Carson reports that he saw a chick near the south end. I observed this offspring that must be at least 2 or 3 days old (Still in down plumage, but out wandering around).

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Holmes, R. 1960 Stercorarius pomarinus 8. 2 July Skroavik, Alaska The nest in front of the wanijan contained 1 young this morning and the second egg to begin hatching. The nest near the Slough (N. 1st wanija) had 1 young present but not sit. The second young could not be found. 3 July - a pair of jaegers where both members of the pair are melanistic was found near. NE shore of Skroavik. 7 July Barrow, Alaska Many 1st jaeger nests are now hatched & the young are extremely difficult to find. 9 July Skroavik, Alaska A pair of Steller's Eiders landed on a pond behind the wanijan, a jaeger began to swoop down at them, nabbed them alive. This went on for - minutes - when the jaeger would fly at + attack (?) The eiders took some time to see food. Finally the jaegers sat on the water & cooperated when they came up. After another minute of this, Redhead left the pond, leaving

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Holmes, R. 1960 Stercorarius Pomarinus 9. 9 July Skraavik, Alaska The jager to himself. This is the first time that I have seen jaegers attacking other birds (e.g. adult ducks). It is more likely that the jaeger that were nearby & the birds would have reacted that way to any animate object which entered that area. 17 July Barrow, Alaska The young are now starting to show up in the tundra, and several were caught & banded today. Many of the adults are still aggressive. 21 July Barrow & Savarvik, Alaska During the last few days, the chicks have become apparent & can often be seen flying running across the tundra or just staring motionless by a polynya. The adults are still aggressive. 25 July Barrow, Alaska One chick found near Britten's Area which was nearly ready to fly. The wings were nearly fully developed, and it was able to fly for 1-2 strokes. The bird was caught & banded.

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Holmes,R. 1960 Stercorarius Pomarinus 26 July Barrow = Skroaik, Alaska Pairs were noted all along the way - between Barrow and the South end I con Lake & Dr Wanigan. Several chicks were seen. Numerous dead gregar (shot) were seen near the grassy area, the west + foot stones / Skroaik, & near / Footprint Lake. 28 July Barrow, Alaska The adults are still quite common; however; adult encounters are now seen infrequently. The young are also rather difficult to see and our banding operation has been quite slow. (Note: partially eaten Lemmy) or still seen in the tundra - but now? There are old and dried up. 30 July - The adults are still present and are defending territories. The young are still hard to find 3 August Barrow = So. Barrow 3, Alaska During our 9 hour trip, only 5 chicks were seen (2,1,2) on the ground. Adults were present aero along, and several Territorial

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Holmes,R. 1966 Stercorarius pomarinus 3 August Barrow: St Barrow 3, Alaska encounter were noted. The young are evidently present, but just cannot be seen. About 4 or 5 flying juveniles were noted during the trip - the first for the season. A dead adult was noted at our owl nest, and a dead chick was at another. (see Snow Owl notes). 6 August Barrow - Skroavik, Alaska. Numerous flying juveniles were seen between Barrow and the lake. At the plot, The pair at the NW corner had 1 flying young that was seen. This bird was a melanistic individual - while both adults are normal. On the cast side | The plot near the lake shore, there was a normal less pair with a flying juvenile which had white bars extending clear across the upper surface of the wing. The strip of white was about 2 inches wide and was very noticeable + out-standing. (The ♂ adult had a little more white than normal at the wrist joint - he & was melanistic).

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Holmes, R. 1966 Stercorarius pomarinus 9 Aug. Barrow, Alaska Two flying juveniles are now seen along the west edge of Fresh- water Lake. Often are seen frequently on the tundra. 14 Aug - A group of 4 adults and 4 immature were seen flying together over the rock ridge. Then appeared to be no territorial conflict between the birds, but they were only seen together for 1-2 minutes. 21 Aug Sturnus Adults + Juveniles are still seen on the tundra, many The pairs seemed to have raised 2 chicks. 25 Aug - Many of the pairs are still in territory along with their chicks. It seems, however, that some of the chicks are starting to leave - as grown 1-3 or 4 are now seen. 29 Aug Two territorial disputes were seen today in Central Marsh. In both cases, the adults announced (usually on the wing), and a chase ensued. The chases were of short duration.

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Holmes,R. 1966 Stercorarius pomarinus 30aug Barrow, Alaska On 28 Aug, the remains of a partially-eaten grega chick were found near trapline XIII in the fertility plots. About 40 feet away was the body of a juvenile Snowy Owl (band #160). It appeared that the young owl had killed the chick and had then been attacked by the adult jaeger which had injured it bodily. It was then able to move away (it gave up a pellet containing a legs foot) before it died. On the same day, another chick was discovered dead (only feathers remaining) near trapline XIV. Both these juvenile jaegers had been dead at least several weeks and both were unable to fly at the time. Their death (D.F.- flight feathers not developed enough for flying). Today a third incident was found about 200 yards NE of the trapline at the edge of the polygons. Here another chick, juvenile jaeger female was

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Holmes.R. 1960 Stercorarius pomarinus 30 aug Barrow, Alaska found + also another dead juvenile (banded) owl. It appear to be another repeat / The same incident. No territorial encounters were seen today, and in general, there seem to be fewer jagers in the tundra. It is still possible to hear the juvenile birds' cries nearly everywhere. Archie wt. at 1300 = 807.5g. 2 Sept - Jagers seemed to be rather scarce today. The two chicks along the lagoon were alive there and at least 1 adult was also there. Hotspurs points & sibling were still there. During the travel around the marsh, several adults + at least 2 chicks were noted. The day was cold & it was snowing, so this may have guided the birds. No territorial encounter was seen, however one incident was noted. An adult jager was flying west. A few seconds after I saw the bird, another adult

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Holmes, R. 1960 Stercorarius pomarinus 2 Sept. Barrow, Alaska took off from the ground and followed behind the 1st bird. After a few more seconds, The second bird settled down! The 1st flying bird kept a spring. This was approach to a terminal circling, but a very weak one. 3 Sept. The pr. at T. wamign were fare today, but one bird near The inlet to Akorvik was seen to follow to give the living announcements to a migrant juvenile. Another pair was noted feeding a chick (expert of flight) in Jotprint. These are probably members Archibald's family. In general, there seems to be a lack of juvenal birds if you are closed because birds are seen sitting here.

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Holmes, R 1961 Stercorarius pomarinus 3 June Barrow, Alaska Two lone individuals seen between the central marsh trapline + exclusion + Westeschlog slough. However, [illegible] east along the road about the slough, there were what appeared to be 2 pairs - all light phase, sitting + flying. Again, as with Thigrels, no feeding activity was noted. 4 June - Several "pairs" and individuals were seen along Red-back Ridge + near Skroavik. Birds were hunting - in the air, but none were seen to land - for prey. (Some were seen sitting but these apparently were not hunting). 5 June An estimated 30 birds seen between the camp, Bechtridge, Westeschley Slough + Elson Lagoon. One individual was in dark phase; the remainder in light. Many seemed to be hunting, but none were seen to catch a lemming. 6 June Seen communal between Footprint + Skroavik during the afternoon. (10-15 birds) - all hunting. -all in light phase. 7 June Mostly individuals seen today - (HOT) at the beach ridge, along Elson Lagoon + near near VOT's Area. All were in light phase. No catches seen, but Muller apparently observed me yesterday. 9 June - Several pairs noted in Footprint Lake; These would have been seen until the

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Holmes,R 1961 Stercorarius pomarinus 9 June Barrow, Alaska Weasel disturbed them. Many lone birds were seen north of footpoint + near Skrooik. (On 7 June - in the late evening, Chamberlain I observed a jaeger, tearing apart a lemming near Voth's, and - this is the 1st I have seen with a lemming). 11 June Large numbers were present in central marsh. 8 were seen settling down, per Dr. 11 were flying around - & that at one to from the center of the marsh, 2s cover the sea. Other were seen flying over the beach ridge. All were pomarine - in light plumage, except 1 dark. 12 June A few coastland jaegers seen in the vicinity of Voth's area. 13 June - One seen to catch a lemming near denali gate. Several birds in light plumage were cruising the census plot at Skrooik. 15 June Several birds seen on The Tundra, east The B.R., but number seemed to be stockpiling off. 17 June Only 2-3 birds seen today - during an entire day spent on The Tundra. 18 June Very few birds seen in central marsh - Voth area. 20 June None seen a plot at Skrooik, but 2 seen on Footpoint Lakes. For the next

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Holmes, R. 1961 Stercorarius pomarinus 20 June Barrow, Alaska part - They seem to have departed now. 24 June None seen during the past 3 days, incl. The trip today to Ookepik Slough.

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Holmrs,R. 1962 Stercorarius pomarinus 2 June Barrow, Alaska Flock 15 see flying (hyl - not hunting) + De NE - along Wohlschlag Slough + cross are Elsa Lagoon 6 June 1 individual flying (hyl?) NE - across De Skerovil Center plot - 7 June 2 flying hyl - goons So. along Elsa Lagoon near Wohlschlag Slough 9 June 1 flying over De census plot at Sternich; 1 flyover Footprint Lake ; 1 flying are Barch! ree. 10 June 1 bird near De comut Elsm & Wohlschlag - setting a - small exposed piece of hundra - gave several yank-yank -- to another bird - it flew over the road So. A pair was seen at De South-east end of Central Marsh - near De south end of De Beaver Ridge. The birds were doing De head fossing - I suspect other - & that hyl- was with a limning was noted. So courtesy was being carried on - maybe some will meet yet. 11 June Her Saw several birds around De Beaver Ridge- perhaps we settled pair near Meadow Lakes + are east 1 magnetic station + De Beaver Ridge. One hyl--was noted between a pair & Meridy + Lake De Two Lovers were seen - 30 apart a round.

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Holmes,R 1967 Stercorarius pomarinus 14 June Barrow, Alaska. 15/2 birds in sight at all times between Beaver Ridge - Ookpik Slope & Mountains. They seem to be quite spread out & are actively hunting. Birds at Skroocheer settled - i.e. localised - but not evident/ not singing yet. 16 June - Settled birds seen near The Curlew Slop area - new Elson Lagoon - Shoals separated by Pitikle - along Beaver Ridge. 17 June Numbers decreasing - only 1 seen along Beaver Ridge 20 June 3-4 birds seen between Ush area & The Shravik Warrigan. 3 birds even seen on The plot - but they showed no sign of sitting + were probably struggling. 21 June Again, 3-4 birds seen along The plot - but they were moving through - hunting - no stopping. 24 June / Seen during flight Skroocheer. Now seen Wheeler & across Plot. Numbers are very reduced. 26 July: 3 birds seen flying over plot, L.B. 4 July / Flying over Wohlsehley Slope. 12 Aug / Dark phase in U.P.'s marsh - hunting.

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Holmes,R 1963 Skrewani Pmannu 27 May Barry, Alaska No jaguars seen along the main ridge - One pair was settling on a mound near the main end / Ortelko's Plat. While 3-4 individuals were seen flying over the plot at various times during the afternoon. Several more were seen singly along Etsinlagona, NORT Wohlschlag. Probably 12-15 individuals in all were noted between a magnetic statue - Wohlschly Sloyl- Etsinlagona. Fox chase, accompanied by the party that day, no calls were noted, but in both cases, all birds proved on - One was no evidence of area-attachment. 28 May Noneseri in drum area. During afternoon between Britha's area - village slope to Uthane - Saw 11 (incl. 1 melanistic). South of the village - new village slope - 2 burrows found - 300 yards apart - both 1 which acted like foxes were settled, cubs. No territorial defence seen - When we were flushed, they returned to the same area. - Lemmur activity ever frequent in this area. A "settled" bird was also present near the "insert plots."

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Holmes,R 1963 S. pomarinus 2. 28 may Barrow, Huske In evening, 6 pairs seen between Wohl + oolpik Sloops - 2 along Pitkell's Plot + 2 together on ground on north edge / central mand - near Beach ridge - SE. / BBCs. 29 may 3 at 8.00am /BR - 1 chased off by MV too. - same seen at oolpik x elsm. Wohl -> Oolpik - 8 individuals + 1 pair seen. Frequent individuals seen no.1 Wohl - to NE. / Brant Point. In evening - 8 were seen along the No. Beach ridge - we. 1 dark + 1 light lobail Remained close together. Many other (20+) seen between Beach ridge + E/Sm. 30 may At least 30 seen between Britten's Area - Uph + Deoch Ridge. Some cheeping + "naaing" were noted. 31 may Numerous individuals along E/Sn (Assemblage (20-30+)) 2 June # observed by scanning SE -> SCS from Anoti Gate - 16. Many but seen near South Village Slope area - some were defended defending areas, chasing away other individuals. Predominant or frequent at Skrowvik ; South Gy well + oolpik Sloops + cemented area. Estimate: about 8 birds / Square mile?

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Holmes,R. 1963 Stercorarius pomarinus 3 june Barrow, Alaska Many - alms Elin (agoz Dubuque Drat Point & Ookpik - many were sitting on mounds or defending against wanderbirds - or perhaps adjacent cpairs ?? 5 june Daryas stile abundant - chasing perhaps the damnat activity The birds - many are seen sitting mounds, eh - little hunting activit is noted. 6 jurr - Same as abov for Vohn Area - Village Slough. 9 june Teng-o-war between pair - 8 would swallow each chunt, coming to the lemung apart. Others seen hunting - churing today. No mating behavior noted. None on until marsh 10 june Number seemed lower today - birds were encountered here (1 pra Northb.east Ridge, 1 ne-Eisalopon - chasing - 3rd j wanderer). None seen a Pitelhai plot or on Beach ridge. In Vohn Area, only 2 Singles were seen. 11 june I w drum area, Pairs beeldridge na Gasilin. I So.I guslum Ridge. None Seen between Gasilin & beach ridge

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RTH 1963 S. pomarini 11 june Barrow, Alaska In afternoon on white-supp sedimentary - area pair observed south 1/4 mile, Navy, east 1 medium lake - An adult seen to defend against 2 wandering birds. - Appeared not served birds as the afternoon were not attacked - but morning shows on the finder - Nest with 1 egg located 30 yds - west / north slope - hole about 1 village slope. - On polygon type - slight depression - are around some moderately- developed polygons. - 1 bird on platform for no nest 12 june NEST - West (egg) & 6. nest - 15 yds south/ float pao lagoon, 500 ft - NEast / Mag. station. On low polygon - sparsely covered with grassy edges NEST #3 - with 2 eggs + with incubating bird - 30' west of Curlew Lake - differ area staked - ie west 1/4 mph center polygons - near 87% in lagoon. Same situation as #2 - above Nest #4 - 2 egg - vic. 6 - 30 yds west / Els lagoon, 30 yds N / NW slightly - in mound with grassy arranged loosely around cup

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RTH 1963 Stercorarius pomarinus 12 June Barrow Alaska Pair located halfway between Cakeater-Rd & insect ponds - 1 bud shot by seiliceo - One nest hole one egg. - KAUF 15 June - Several pairs. Seen between level ridge & Dhovol - are just south kind mif. Near Godley, I just went / galas megs - I also went seen 1 footprint lobe, I in valley near Dhovol (bird seen - not) & near Stake 10.8 t adjacent area Tundra plot. Birds seen are here now - seem to be nested - perhaps 1-3/square mile). 17 June Same pair located off to west / 10.4 - Dhovol Census plot. No nest located. No wandering birds seen. In evening at Nest # 3 (new Curlew Sep. area) - 4 birds moved south in a loose flock & were chased by the settled birds. Nest #5 located 200yd south 1 No Beach ridge. 1 days lost / wind Meadow lobe - with 1 egg. 18 June Nest #6 a small polyste - 75yds west / Goswell road - 20 yds north / footprint. 19 June Nest #7 - with 2 eggs - 200yds NNE of 0.01 Pitkern & Borel Plof Census plot

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Holmes 1963 Stercorarius pomarinus 23 june Barrow, Alaska Member / c pair for nest # 2 new Elislyze - now for tearing part a 8th Pheleaspe - When the balks was checked off scarier till the jagam- it was found to be cold. So this may not have her & full hill. & Any regards, the birds were tearing it apart by tugging. 25 june One pair hanging around 10.4 am in Dhroul plot - but no nest has been located yet. 26 june Anom-nest - (#9) - found 28yds south/ middle salt lagoon + 130 yds E 1 1/2th creek- or low mound. - Continued 2 eggs. 29 june Birds with nests are still around - but they are relatively inconspicuous & only call or fuss when we approach their nest - when the sheep come in. No wanderer - no birds have been recent for several days now. 3 jul, - Same as abov - The birds are seen locally - but at a slower speed (8th) Your bird seen by Dordt Johnson - in Elisa's Mows - from where nest is uncertain 7 july - Nest - 300 yds N. / Dhroul found earlier - checked today. It had only an empty egg shell - which was not hatched - but hole has been pealed open

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Holmes, P. 1963 S. pomarine 7 July Barrow, Alaska (jib Cheek, c.o.l.). About 20:15 p.m. -# c 4 was caught in a fox trap - # was marked. After amputation for foot - where was hanged by the finder, shot wrote flew off but remained in an area. Perhaps, my directed the nest to smooth jumps cannibalize it - or maybe my did it themselves. 9 July No other 2 birds were not seen in any summaries. The next nort/ footprints had just hatched - 1 y/o, was out / the cavity - the 2nd - was just out / h eggs - settling in the cup. 12 July Nest #7 (E) (bevelvity) - with 2 small young - 2-3 day old. - both adults in attendance. At nest #2 - an adult was found dead -(shot)- probably happened 1-2 weeks ago - eggs gone - probably predated. At nest #9 - S./1 middle part Nogor, w/1 adult even brooding 2 1-2 day old young in the nest site - no young were hatched. 13 July A pair - overall have light phases - at south west side / Footprint - by calls & behavior, My had eggs or young nearby. - collected. There are 3 pairs new census plot - 1 W of 10.0 - 1 30y/b SE 125.05 / 30'200 SW 125.4.

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Holmes, R. 1963 S. Pomarines 14 July Barrow, Alaska PI N #3 - near EISALOPO - Culee Ed area - with young away from the nest + both adults present I concerned about my presence - chicks were not seen. PI N #4 - at Eismx WOHLICKY - 12:815 No adults + chicks - probably shot on eggs + their , remain not present at the nest AT Chil's nest - EJheerl ridge plot s Nth of WOHLICKY - both adults were present - chick had hatched from Nest; Another was still pipping. 15 July 'Chil's nest - NORD FASLNI RIDGE had hatched - The adults were present & checked while I was at the nest site - but the chicks were not seen. Both chicks at the nest nest! 0.0 or bear judge own plot were for roadable; 50 yds from the nest sit. 17 July Several scarelily individual more on the plot - apparently hunting. 18 July Found expected Sandpiper - adult - ? probots - Movel over the lake - pecked to the bent - probots by a Gega - ant 16. r - sort / A T.C.S. 19 July 1 chick / pair south / both are bonded today - The other was not seen.

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Holmes 1963 S. pomarinus 22 July Barrow, Alaska Birds for the nest E1 b.r. t and J. Brown. Wannaja seen by Phil Johnson to take 2 egg from a Sandpiper nest (sp?) There 2 civil large holes poked in them. No one near the wannaja. 23 July At the south end I showed censes plot- A bird was seen to attack a § Spectacled Eider - by during at he Several times - at which she waddled off into a pool. The jaeger still kept at her - flying low - hovering above her - while she splashed water with her beating wings. Finally, she took flight & the jaeger did not follow. The actual maneuver made by the § & the jaeger were not observed accurately - since we all happened to be about 30 sec. 26 July A pair (jaegers) was at least 1 chick (landed) - saw 1 would be flown - so 1 less (decreased). - The nest was not found this season. 29 July See journal for acct of predator - shrewbird 4 Aug Several wandering old jaeger seen a both flew off slowly - must we be flying squirrel or above ground - but we were evidently hunting.

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RT4 1963 S. pomarnis 5 Aug Barrow, Alaska Illuress Bird (Jot) see between Ust Bar Othoand Plot - mont were flying & Hunting - few wen sitting, N, pw', were recognized. The Number see report more than bird in the area travelled - 12 wardness. 9 Aug Nest #7 - NE / 0.0 or FAPS concept - both reeels & ( flying immature - (2nd couldn't be found.). From flyin your - reported in Mulla Lm Also loyon - nrmI wolds color area. 12 Aug One adult seen eating a large (but not quite flying size) golden plover chick - when approached to close, it would fly off with the chick in its bill & land 100' away & return to feeding the band apart. Sourisuckle ridge (25rd sound/14.8 N [see T+7]) - 2 flying jun. chicks & at left (Ad. - There had been a nest in this general locality - but it has not been found. Another carr: 300rb E 1 Fent. plot - 12 Adls & 2 flying chicks - so both have been in some cases. Several other birds were seen flying & hunting - but no one just were found.

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RTH 1963 S. pomarinus 15 Aug Barrow, Alaska Several adults seen flying and bent mag; near Wobbles Slope & A timber between Fort plot & Meadow Lakes. Two flying chicks seen (fallen ridge & 1 by north meadow lakes.) 18 Aug Juveniles still quite common. 1 adult was observed foraging a clearing brush - in a mossy area. 1 chick (flying) west of South Meadow Lakes 22 Aug Two flying unmot- south 1/4th southeast 1 feet plot. Several hunting adults seen between East meadow lake & Fort plot. 1 or 2 chicks at FAP - (0.61 FAP's corner plot) - were not seen. 23 Aug Several adults seen along bend ridge- north / Dillebo's Plot. - no contact. 25 Aug Several seen hunting Northunda.

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Holmes, R.T. 1964 Stercorarius pomarinus 4 June Barrow, Alaska 6-7 seen hunting MV tundra between Amikpuk (=Fried Lake) + Beaul Ridge. All scatters, occasionally sitting. What appeared to be localized pair (definitely a phantom but - advertisement for spread - oft x sitting together). Seen all along beach ridge for 400s to Wohlkolo bluff ( - often in clumps - along E1 or bluffs & in Central Marsh. No floats noted - only single flier pairs - after hunting. 5 June Not a comma this am in Wola-Lendali areas - several localized under noted - one chasing or displaying. Flowermidii. Seen along beach ridge - only 1 on Pikelki's Plot - also several other flew over 6 June Several along north beach ridge & flying over central marsh - same also, ESR lagoon. First dark phase at 6:30 evening. 7 June At least 2 settled pairs along east side of BR - (me near N corner - me opposite Stoke 3.0-4.0 on Pikelki's Plot). One attempt at copulation noted but & resolutely raising head + "snapping" at 7 as he hovered, + (Male) stood a bit - (she settled) - but - she cocked her tail - he again tried to mount but she did not allow him to settle. 8 June 2-3 settled near north beach ridge - settled locally chasing. + advertising (Ground calls, etc.)

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RTT+ 1964 S. pomarinus 9 June Barrow, Alaska Number are decreasing - very few are ready settled + most seen are primarily in the move. No courtship or defending- type behavior has been noted in the last 7 days. 11 June No settled or defending birds along the beach ridge (north or east). - Several (8+) wandering birds hunting along the ridge. 12 June During morning along N. beach ridge - only 3 seen- 2 were moving along the ridge toward the east. The other was sitting - < stood moved on the edge of C.m. 16 June 5 scattered birds still noted - one - north side 1 central west - below 3 barrels - 1 on polygons - east of the north and 1 P. kellet's Plot. 19 June Nest with 2 eggs, 75 yds west of gasower road, 20 yds south of white tree. Both adults - light phase. 20 June Nest with 2 eggs - 200 yds west of gasoline - S. o. 1 beach ridge in low polygons and pond- dotted area. - both light phase adults. 25 June 1 nest near where Wannagin used to be at Shrewsbury + we - about 10 yrs west 1 Stellula - another pair located SEI 25.0 - but ranging over the southern end of the plot. Others along east side 1 Shrewsbury.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Stercorarius parasiticus 11 June Barrow, Alaska One seen in and near the drum area at 2000. It would fly with its head pointed down and occasionally would turn and land on an exposed area of tundra. It was never seen to bounce on anything or pick up anything but apparently it was looking for food. After about 10 min, it left the area in the direction of the sea. 19 June Barrow, Alaska A pair seen along the beach ridge, east of the gas line. They were seen in a chase and proceeded to head northward. They were not seen during the remainder of the day. 21 June Barrow, Alaska One bird seen crossing the beach ridge near the gas line. 25 June Barrow, Alaska A pair was seen just N of the East Census Area along the short Elson Lagoon. They appeared to be feeding. 26 June Barrow, Alaska One seen near gas line on beach ridge.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Stercorarius parasiticus 7 July Barrow, Alaska. A pair was seen on the east slope of the Black ridge near the census area. They were settled on the ground, but no activity was noted. (Another pair was seen just N. of the east census area along the Short Clam Lagoon. They were seen feeding on some shid, as once they left this was looked into. It turned out to be part 1a back of a female eider. They had been seen near it but apparently it was not fresh enough as they mumm m. This pair was joined by a third bird which was in dark phase. The three then began to go along the lagoon. 8 July Barrow, Alaska One seen flying near the south end of Middle saltwater lagoon. 16 July Barrow, Alaska Two birds seen separately near Wohlschloz's Slough. One was a dark phase. No breeding activity was noted. There were along the slough, but where these were seen before.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Sternocorius parasiticus 3. 5 August Barrow, Alaska Few seen near Nunavak harassing Sobrin Gulls and Kittiwakes. 11 August Pitt Point, Alaska Three (1 dark phase) seen seen just s.w. of the bore. 16 August Pitt Point, Alaska One seen about ½ mi east the bore. It was flying high and direct towards the east. 27 August Barrow, Alaska Four seen over the Beach Ridge in the late evening.

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Holme,R 1966 Stereocarum parasitica 30 June Skroavite, Alaska I seen flying east over the pond in front 17th wanijan. It was attacked by several pamarines as it passed through. -dark ptone 1 July - another(?) dark ptone bird seen near the south end 9th plat. It was in attacked by pamarinus. 24 July Barrow, Alaska I seen a Deadman's Island -East 17th pass.

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Holmes,R. 1961 Stercorarius parasiticus 10 June Barrow, Alaska 1 light phoe seen feeding on insect (arrow?) (at least pecking frequently at the ground) - No. of Voth's area. 13 June -2 seen flying across census plot at Sbarovido 17 June 1 seen, being harassed by 6 phalaropes along The B.R. census plot. - light phoe 24 June One seen in company with 2 long-tailed jarigan along The Beed ridge. All 3 birds were standing on the ground, walking back & forth pecking at the vegetation (or in case an old piece of newspaper). Finally a long-tail picked up an object - which looked like a clod of dirt or moss & attempted to swallow it. The other long-t. & the parasite both tried to take it away from the possessor by fighting - with a tug-of-war- like process. Finally, the 1-t. swallowed it & all three birds flew off. - This may have been a dead dog (emming carcass). 25 June 2 dark phoe seen along Pitekho's plot. 27 June 2 Nises, 1 dark + 1 light - seen with a Sterklet 10 long-tail on The Skroovik's plot. 5 July 2 seen by Sullivan near Voth- 7 July 2 dark phoe running along ridge N+E of Skroovik's lake. Not seen to land or take any thing - but would soar

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Holmes, R. 1961 Stercorarius parasiticus 7 July Barrow, Alaska Broke forth over the tundra, gliding low & then around a circler of Bokt Fork. 9 July 2-dark phoe seen flying low along Whlblechog Slough at its inner end. 11 July 2 - light phoe seen flying over De insect plot. 13 July 2 light phoes seen flying along Whlschlog Slough. Two were again seen near Voth's Slough. 16 July 1 Seen near Voth's area 19 July 2 dark phoe, so. 1 white. Slough. 21 July 3 " " " same logan, +1 Near De Court just west of De camp. 23 July 2 Seen near De insect plate, 1 near Elson-whlblechog. 26 July 2 Seen near De No. one / Slough. 17 Aug 2 dark phoe seen flying over central marsh - one light phoe seen flying over De Bokph plot.

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Holmes,R 1962 Stornarias parvibrachia 12 June Barrow, Alaska. 1 Seen near Elise Layson 14 June 1 at the south end of the lobe - 1 near Shroard - 1 dark + 1 light phoe in. On gasoline - cemetery and bear ridge 16 June 3 u light phoe seen 200 yards west of Elise Layson - via 1 Wobesiblog Slough 19 June 3 Seen where gas line crosses head ridge. 20 Jun 3 Seen over north sector of the Shroard plot. 23 June 1 dark phoe seen near reserve site. 24 June 3 light phoe flying high over pond No. 1 Shroard + 1 dark + 1 light (see near B1. [?]) (?) 26 June 1 on B.R. at gasoline - 1 near unused plot - both light phoes. 29 June 2 near unused plots. 1 July 1 Dark phoe hunting actively E / N.B. One - Two probably in the individual that cleared out The Cullen's edge next! 2 July Group 1/3 along the Shroard Aerowayplot 4 July 2 (1 dark, 1 light) Flynn E Wobesiblog Slough. 5 July 4-5 Seen flying over Rockwood plot at different times - in group 1/3 + 2 separate sightings - all appear To be bunting.

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Holmes,R 1962 Stercorarius parasiticus 7 July Barrow, Alaska Two seen are the D.P. near the magnetic station + one was hunting over the insect plats. It seems that these birds are probably taking 1-2 days number 1 shorebirds- egg +/or chicks - since they seem to cruise for 1-2 days and a number meet the bird list - presumably to their predator. 8 July One black phase by Fisk Lake at 1400 - 2 black phase on broad ridge near gasoline at 1600. One light phase flying north 2 km - tail near Carter Sop nest - near waterchuck. 9 July Several on the Skroavik census plot + along the sour shore of the lake. 21 July One dark phase flying high over insect trap - moving E. 1st one seen in 1½ weeks. 25 July 1 N.4 magnetic station - the Bearshike 28 July Five see sound (probably loons) - 1 dark + 1 light. - both hunting. In flight low over the tundra. - circling around. 30 July 1 flying west over Cirkhol Marsh. 12 Aug 6-8 seen on the N., VOA - VOA Marsh area (3 dark + at least 3 light birds). 13 Aug 2 nests pop 14 Aug 2 new Desert plots 15 Aug 1 near Larkspur Lake - 1 near Caster Ridge

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Holmrs, R. 1462 Skrenarus parisiaken. 13 Aug. Barrow, Alaska 2 ser. southl gælve sugi i Remount 4 hour flying at No. 107 base in the afternoon. all were hunting - pttr Lemmings. 14-15 Aug. > see previous page. 27 Aug - 1 dark - 1 lyft flyg, Con av tundre, southl forlin Bridge

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Holmes, R 1963 Stereornis parasiticus 15 jun Barrow, Alaska Am seen flying southerly direction 16 jun Are dark phase - fly south on beach ridge. 17 jun Two birds noted south along Shroud Census plot. 18 jun One individual seen north of meet plot - seemed to be chasing a wandering Gromania. 20 jun 4 birds seen around bay (300' - air - N.1 meet plot - same class involved - couldn't tell what we were going on. 23 jun One flying across beach ridge, north of mirest 26 jun Are dark phase near Elsa Lynn - C. S-t-p display area. 3 July 1 flew at plot at Shroud 8 July 2 were flown 1/12 long-tailed - feeding on adult Squid - near treep lot IV A-B. 22 July 1 dark phase when Fred Lake. 24 July 1 light phase flying over sand beach ridge. 6 Aug 1 light phase at North area. 15 Aug 1 dark phase flying over Wolliver Flats - New Brecrossing. 23 Aug 1 dark phase flying across Kallber hunting.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Stercorarius longicaudis 23 jun Barrow, Alaska One bird seen flying over the east census plot area near Eloon lagoon. It called shores and was more shrill than the Pomarine Jaeger. Another bird was seen in central marsh later in the afternoon. 7 July Barrow, Alaska One (+1 unid. jaeger) seen near The traplines in Central marsh. The wing beat is noticeably faster and they appear darker in the posterior end. 16 July Barrow, Alaska One seen on the west shore Eloon Lagoon in the East Census area. 20 July Barrow, Alaska Three seen near Nunavuk harassing a kittiwake. 31 July Barrow, Alaska One seen just so. 1 Freshwater Lagoon sitting in the tundra. 5 August Barrow, Alaska One seen near Nunavuk. 26 August Barrow, Alaska One seen sitting on The Beaver ridge.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Stercorarius longicandis 24 July Barrow, Alaska One sang deadman's island- cost of Cleutul fossi 3 August- I seen along the edge / salt lagoon in the gravel area.

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Holmes, R. 1961 Stercorarius longicaudis 17 June Barrow, Alaska 1 seen, being harassed by phalaropus - near grassline ridge. 20 June 1 seen near Qbarail. 24 June 2 seen with a parasitic gaper at The B.R. (see parasitism). 1 individual seen flying No. at Wold-sough. 27 June Barrow - Qbarail, Alaska A flock of 10 seen sitting & flying in The plat. One bird was pecking at a mummified Lemming - when it refused to leave until I was less than 10' away. The Lemming seemed too far gone to provide any food value - so again it looks like the birds are scavenging. They may be taking bird eggs. ?! 9 July Flock of 7 individuals feeding at The South end of Wold-sough - were they been picking insects from the grass (?)?. Chamberlain reports a Flock of 40+ at The south end of central marsh - 2 were collected. 11 July 4 Seen near insect plot. All storme (2) hoof myriads of adult crane fly remaine - so this hawking behaviour is apparent to catch insects.

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Holmes R. 1961 Stercorarius longicaudis 2. 13 July Barrow, Alaska 5 were in Fort Point Lava, feeding on insects just sitting. 2-3 were flying around over Voth's Slough. 1 far north insect pests.

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Holmes, R 1962 Stercorarius longicaudis 29 June Barrow, Alaska 2 seen feeding on the grassy slope / barrel ridge - appeared to be taking Ad. Tipulids. 30 June Flock of 85 a the east side / Central marsh - feeding in the marsh - probably a Tipula - or at any rate insects. 1 July 5 seen west 1 footpath - along Robert Road 4 July 4 in Central Marsh. - feeding on Ground. 5 July 1 seen flying over S. end. A Shroud Plot 6 July 3 flying over drumaver; Were Flock / 30 east / B.R. - near E is a lagoon. 8 July Flock / 34 a marsh east / Beaver ridge - 2 flying south + Parroti nie Wolllesley + 6-8 in Central Marsh. - most were on the ground - some were flying & hunting. 9 July Small numbers (groups of 3-5) seen on Darkroad inner plot & along the south shore of Shroud Lake. 11 July 120+ near Meadow Lake - sitting & walking + M. tundra. Another 6-8 see east / Mt. Blood ridge - flying & hunting 12 July 66 - a flock N & NW / warning at Shkwanly. 6 seen on the plate 6 more flew over W.R. Ave during the 7. M..

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Holmes, R. 1962 Stercorarius longicaudis 14 July Barrow, Alaska 30+ east of Bear ridge - halfway to Elson. 15-15 along the west side (centre and south) 1 B.R. + small groups of 2-6 birds seen over Voth & Drift areas. These birds seem to be almost everywhere - with sitting - walking - apparent feeding - insects or flying hunting. 16 July 30-40 - 80+ footprints + several men on plot. 19 July None seen today w during Doolat for days. All seem to have departed. 21 July 3 seen over No. 8th Area. - Flying high - apparently not hunting. 24 July 4 birds - two apart flyin NE over Voth Area & Drift. 25 July Three individuals seen scattered between Bear Ridge & Elson Lagoon. 26 July Two seen flying near Voth Area - caused Doolan who were feeding on open block near yards - to run + crawl in tall grass. 28 July One seen so. 1/3 Wobesblog Slope. 30 July 1 in Arktel Marsh. 31 July 3 flying high over insect trees 1 Aug 2 in Tordrunt Lake - 2 over (west) plot - all were flying low, hunting r. apparent hunting.

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Holmes, R, 1962 Stercorarius longicaudis 3. 2 Aug Barrow, Alaska 4-5 individuals hunting between Cakeseats (USN) Road & Inlet plots. - most were hovering 30-60' above the ground. There seems to have been a increase in juke activity during the last 3-4 days. 6 Aug 3 seen on muset plots - flying high. 13 Aug One or two . . . . - - - - Cor pottoff hunting. 18 Aug 4 seen between Beaver Ridget & Elson Lagoon - all were flying low + hunting - turnover seen + have for 20-30 sec.

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Holmes, R. 1963 Stercorarius longicaudus 11 June Barrow, Alaska Few flying west along beach ridge - one bird calling. 21 June One being chased by a Pomarine across Census plots. 2 July Three flyin [illegible] over insect plots 8 July Flood / 12 (t-2 parasitic) near Trapslim IIA-B. feeding in grass - probably after adult [illegible]. Another group / 6 - not / insect plots. 9 July Flood 13 near Shuawand plot, - 1 vrdia. [illegible] on plot. 12 July Group / 13 near m. insect plots - nr / 00A, 13 July 2 flew over Shuawand census plot 14 July 1 flood 6, south (south soft layer), 178 ne- insect plots. 17 July Several groups / 6-58 - near Shuawand. One lay group / 17 50t was at N? Mothers 1 Nr (but all were melling) crowded in air at one point but then they scattered & settled ~ M, Tundra - probably feeding on topolites. 18 July 11 - n / flood near insect plots - feeding in grassy areas. 20 July Flood / 10 flew across census plot - Shuawand, Group / 25 - Yumi' north 1 Shuawand Cove 22 July 8-10 along Free Lake

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Holmes, R.T. 1964 Stereornis longicaudus 15 June Barrow, Alaska 2 flying west over north level ridge. 20 June 3 long-tails fly over north level ridge.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Larus hyperboreus 4 June Barrow, Alaska Three gulls are seen congregating near the garbage dump, S. of the base. Their calls can be heard at a great distance. 5 June Barrow, Alaska, Several noted flying over Base 6 June Barrow Alaska 6 seen near dump in the evening 9 June Barrow, Alaska 2 seen in The dump area 13 June Barrow, Alaska Several seen flying over the dump area and the drum area. 14 June Barrow, Alaska About 10 seen near the dump. 15 June Barrow, Alaska. Three seen in the drum area as they flew over The jager. One was observed to land close to a jager, which forced the jager to move to another mound. These gulls were evidently hunting. One picked up a lemming and the other two immediately joined the other, and a fight took place. The original gull, however, took off and was able to swallow the animal before the other two took it away. The gulls then resumed their roaming over the tundra.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Larus hyperboreus 2 15 June Barrow, Alaska Several seen during the afternoon flying through the fog. In they landed, they called loudly and could be heard long before they even seen. 25 June Barrow, Alaska A pair were noted near the fourth end 11th Brook ridge near Wohlleben's Lagoon. They were making various noises which sounded as if they could be mewing. 5 July Barrow, Alaska Several seen near Nunuk on to the eastward along the sand spit. 6 July Barrow, Alaska. Three seen flying over the tenders near A.P.C.S. 7 July Barrow, Alaska. Two seen flying over the drum area during the afternoon. One was molting in the wings. 14 July Barrow, Alaska One seen north deep near 11th bar and about 6 were along the west cost of the middle salt lagoon. None were seen along the ocean.

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Helms,R 1959 Larus hyperboreus 3 19 July Barrow, Alaska Several individuals seen along the coast between ARL and the village. The majority were sitting in the water, but a few were noted flying. 20 July Barrow, Alaska Several seen between Noseana Mound. 25 July Barrow to Wainwright, Alaska Many groups of these gulls were seen along the coastline. Some were settled in the lagoons, other on the ocean while others were flying around. Most of these birds seemed to be adults, however, there were a few 2nd and 3rd year birds. 28 July Barrow → to Pitt Paiat, Alaska. Many small groups were seen along the ocean edge. They were mainly the 30-40 bird size. 31 July Barrow, Alaska 15 seen at mouth of Wirtzschler's Slough. These consisted of Aels and Dunn. Both were molting, 5 August Barrow, Alaska Large groups of adults and immature were present along Elsa lagoon towards Newwhak and Nepon.

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Holmes, R. 1958 Larus hypopyon 17 August Barrow, Alaska 8 individuals seen flying along the shores of middle saltwater lagoon. Many other were present along the ocean front. 24 August Barrow, Alaska Numerous individuals and small groups (2-8) have been seen during the last few days along the ocean front at the base and a freshwater and middle salt water lagoon. 27 August Barrow, Alaska Many seen on the way to Mount. Most of these are adults; however a few 2nd or 3rd year birds are mixed in. 31 August Barrow, Alaska Several individuals always present along middle saltwater lagoon. These are adult + 3rd year birds. 5 Sept. Barrow, Alaska Two seen flying near Voth's Bay

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Holmes,R. 1960 Larus hyperboreus 28 may Barrow, Alaska 8-9 gulls seen along the brock ridge and central marsh. They were seen standing on the exposed tundra, and presumably, they were feeding a limmy. You were not observed, however. 29 may. Barrow, Alaska 11 were present at Footprint lake while scatland undervisior + group 1 2+3 were seen elsewhere. 30 may Barrow, Alaska 6 were seen standing on tundra just north of VOTI, tree - no feeding activity was seen. 31 may Barrow, Alaska 19 were present at the brock ridge. One was observed with the limmy on its bill. 1 June Barrow, Alaska In the afternoon, 6 were seen along the brock ridge next to beverage antennae. 2 June Barrow, Alaska. One was seen near Footprint lake and one was found dead in a fox trap, north-west of Barrow.

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Holmrs,R 1960 Larus hyperboreus 3 June Barrow, Alaska 4 seen sitting on Elson Lagoon this morning, but no others noted. The group which has been at the beach ridge are now gone. 5 June Barrow, Alaska - Inam River One marshy flat near the edge of a lake, about 3 mi N of Dr. Gram Piers, a girl nest was located. It was a mound which had been built up to a height of about 4-5 inches and contained small pieces of dried grass only. No eggs had been laid, but the adults were present. 7 June - 2 seen at the Beach Ridge near The census plot. 26 June - a flock of immature birds (mostly 3rd year, 1 or 2 darker individ. - is a 2nd yr?) were seen sitting on the ice on the Lagoon south of Salt Lagoon. 17 July Shroovik, Alaska One adult + chick reported by Carson near the southern end of Shroovik. 24 July Barrow, Alaska 4 flock of 3rd yr. immature seen, seething in the hooked (Reedwood)

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Holmes,P. 1960 24 July Barrow, Alaska Island - east 1 Cliftwood Pore, Occasionally, other birds were seen flying - in the same area. 31 July - A few seen near Tapkukul Island (east 1 Brodman's Island). 3 August - A nesting site was found on a lake - located about half way between dry lake & Lom Lake (just so, I owe nest #13). The adults were present, and both became excited at our approach. The 8? dived at us several times during the first few minutes, but then finally resorted to flying high and giving a loud gull-like cry. One chick was seen in the lake but was inaccessible. The lake itself was about 100 yards long x 75 yards wide. The nest was located on a small island (5'x2') about 25 feet from the west shore. It was composed of dried grasses which form a depression. The pellets were picked up for analysis. It appeared that they may have been feeding at the campground

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Holmes,R 1960 Lams hyperboeus 4. 3 August Barrow, Alaska Swiss bones resembling chicken bones + seeds (like plumpib) were found. Another nest site was seen several miles south 1 Antle lake; This was had l'ipping. Another morn with Three young was seen No.1 Antle lake. Here host 2 nests were located - small islands with mudcote 1 to lake + were therefore impossible to visit. 16 August Barrow Cape Lisbourne, Alaska Scattered birds over sea all the way along the coast from Barrow to Lii A. There were mostly adults, but a few birds of the year were seen. See journal pp. 54-57 for the description of a good colony on Spearfish Lake, Island from Cape Lisbourne. 21 Aug Barrow Alaska Three seen sitting on the fundra north 1 Footprint Lake. They were not Seen to feed or learning while I watched them.

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Holmes. P. 1960 Larus hyperboreus 25 Aug Barrow, Alaska One seen along Freshwater Lagoon. (adult) 27 Aug Barrow = P.H Point, Alaska Numerous individuals seen at the site at 7.P. South This area about 5 miles away 1 adult + 2 (flying?) juveniles were seen sitting on a pad. The next site could be seen on a small island near the center of the pond. 3 Sept Barrow, Alaska Two seen standing on the bundy, with 1 Footpoint Lake.

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Holmes,R. 1961 Larus hypoboreus 3 June Barrow, Alaska 4-5 adult seen sitting in the snow or flying - near the magnetic station on Pebble ridge. No feeding activity noted. 4 June - 2 seen near Voth's area. 5 June 4-5 seen in central marsh. One had picked up a lemming carcass, & brothers were trying to take it from him. Finally the bird flew off with the animal in its beak & landed near Newazel. When flushed, the lemming dropped & upon examination it was found that the carcass was an old dead up - partially skeletonized lemming - seemingly of no food value. 7 June Several adults seen in central marsh. 9 June 2 seen - Footprint Lake - 1 Ad - 13-4 yr. indiv. 11 June 1 seen feeding on a lemming on the west side of central marsh. Then other seen flying over the marsh. 20 June 1 seen near Footprint lake 24 June 2 seen (1 4"yr.) at turnera, south / Wobt. Sl. 13 July 50-60 seen So. of Voth's Slope - almost at Footprint where they were feeding on insects - which were in the Canton Remains. Most were 3rd or 4th year birds, but a few Ados. were present. 21 July Flock of 150+ seen just north of the insect plots - S.Hemy = polygonum - cabbage

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Holmes, R, 1961 Larus hyperboreus 27 July Barrow, Alaska 135t sea sitting antundra, No. 1 The inset plots - all were older or 3rd yr birds. no feeding was seen. 28 July - Gull Lake- Cape Lisburn, - see journal. 31 July - 150 sea sitting - At ridge No. 1 A inset plots. 9 Aug 10 am " Some 3-4?yr birds were wing mottling.

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Holmes, R. 1962 Larus hyperboreus 28 may Barrow, Alaska Several seen around the Dounti Beddeman 30 may f < small flock 111 at the bryer birds near Brittanian 1 June 2 see near Elson bluffs. 2 June 3 see behind ARC - 2 near Elson lagoon 3 June Several ?? 5 June 12+ near Brittanian - (wings, 2-3rd yr. or less). 10 June 12+ seen along middel's Salt lagoon from gravel ponds. 14 June Several flying near Dry lake, Fordoak Lake. & Several flying west across Arc center plot at Skovil. 16 June Flock 172 settling in the funerals - & So. of 10th Ave. [20 or Central nurse - June 13]. 21 June Several seen at Dinosaur Lake - 1 with molt in primaries. (appears to be 4th year) annually - probably molting with B.d. plunge). 5 July Two seen flying along west shore of Oksovik + 1 flew over center plot. 6 July 6 - what individuals [3rd yr.] - on Central Marsh - new curve in B.P. 11 July 6 immature c funerals - east 1b. ridge - 25 July large numbers of Adult & immature geese setting in gravel bar - near Elson lagoon just off Brant Point - probably 4-500.

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Holmes,R, 1963 Larus hyperboreus 28 may Barrow, Alaska One walking around the tundra, south the village - presumably hunting lemmings. Two seen standing snow on north side 1 wold. slop - 1 flying over tundra near Ootepir slope. 29 may Two sun flymns mout / wold. slop + 2 flying in drum area. Two flying south along Elsa Lagoon near Brant Point. 30 may Three flying along Family Lagoon. 1 june 4 on Family Lagoon bathing in ice pool. 2 june Four flying over Qikaraid Creek plus + I see a mile east 1 fox well - stands on tundra near 2 Pom. Jurgues. 11 june 5 flyers northward over beach ridge - toward Family Lagoon. 17 june One admitted by 2 (counting) 8 am Penguins, near EUS Lagoon. 6 july Group 1/12 3rd-4th year birds sit on a tundra - 10 yards N. 1 mire plots. 8 july 3 flyers over OARS. 12 july 13 immature & 1 under south 1 (sour) salt Lagoon. 18 july Scattered immatures (20+) a tundra south 1 South Salt Lagoon. 14 aug Group 1/18 - tundra south 1 So. Salt Lagoon.

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Holmes, R 1959 Xema sabini 17 june Barrow, Alaska Several seen along the Meade River and Colville Delta on ice floe over. 30 june Barrow, Alaska One seen on freshwater lagoon. 5 July Barrow, Alaska Four seen about 2 miles east of Nunivak on the sand bar. They were sitting in a cake line and no activity was noted. 15 July Barrow, Alaska One seen in Ikraa-vik lake on the edge of ice. 3 August Colville Delta - Powe r - Alaska Many seen near Thetis Island & Dowr and several in the vicinity of the fish camp The Colville Delta. 5 August Barrow, Alaska Many hundreds present along Elson Lagoon from the Buck Camp & No 7oss. Both Adults & juveniles were present. Several were being closed by jaegers.

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Holmes, R. 1960 23 June Skroaik, Alaska 1 seen flying northward along the Census plot. 1 July - 2 seen flying northward and southern with the plot. 9 July - 1 flying north over the plot. 12 July - 2 seen flying along the east shore of Skroaik 24 July Barrow, Alaska Numerous birds were seen at Deadman's Island. The majority were feeding along the logon edge - in The lead The island, but a few were away the numerous from c.The island & were breeding. At least 3 nests were found. There consisted 1 a few small piece 1 stickin or gross placed in a agn The sand among the driftwood. One nest had 1 egg, we had 2, + a thumbnail less which had been cracked & which contained a dead well-developed embryo + a dead hatched chick, laying about a foot away). Several other depressions were found under opposed to be old-nurses or

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Holmes,R. 1960 Xema sabini 2. 24 July Banow, Alaska deserted nests. Several 1Pc. birds feeding were in various stages of molt. 26 July Skroavik, Alaska A pair was noted at the entrance to the main Slough into Skroavik (NE 1/2 the mangian). They were exceedingly excited, for they had 2 chicks, on 1 which was collected. They must have bred in the area, but no signs I then had seen been previously. Do young were at least a week old. 31 July Banow, Alaska A few noted near the boat as we passed decolma's Island. None were found nesting at Tupkaluk. 6 Aug Banow=Skroavik, Alaska The pair at the inlet to Skroavik were still there, and their remaining chicks are now flying. Their adults were seen along the ocean near cays on the return trip from the lake.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Xema sabini 16 Aug Barrow = Cape Lisbourne, Alaska Numerous birds seen flying along The gravel bars between Wainright & Liz A. Many were immatures. 18 Aug Barrow, Alaska Several adults + immatures seen near the shore near the village. 21 Aug Barrow: Skroavik, Alaska 1 seen near Skroavik. (Immature).

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Holmes, R. 1961 Xema Sabini 13 June Barrow-Shkrauik, Alaska I seen in The vicinity / North Slope at Shkrauik. 20 June / See near the inlet with N. area / Shkrauik 31 July 3 Ads seen flying low over North Africa.

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Holmes,R 1962 Xema sabini 18 June Barrow, Alaska One individual seen on the gravel pond - Vol. & Barrow Road junction. 20 June 1 see flying N. - near Shrooke camp? 9 July 6 birds - nests - about 20' apart in mounds i bay nearer at Se. end of Shrooke. 25 July 108-150 or more w fishing off Barrow Pt.- in Elsaagoon. 3 Aug 3 See flying N.W. over Fertilizer Plant.

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Holmes, R. 1964 Xema solvii 25 June Barrow, Alaska 7 brood sitting - nests on large (Cobe - south) Shovail (20 yds - west) (nest + 11 eggs south (1 lot)) - Bird seems to feed out alon A show (Shovail) (alone) The channel where drain into.

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Holmes,R. 1959 Rissa tridactyla 9 July Barrow, Alaska Five birds seen flying over the sand spit between middle salt horizon and The Arctic Ocean. One was [illegible] and they all were adults. 16 July Barrow, Alaska Three seen flying N.E along the cost in front of The Nose 20 July Barrow, Alaska. Three seen between Nose and Nunivik. One was harassed by c Long-t. Jays 5 August Barrow, Alaska Many adults and immatures seen between Nunivik and The Poss. 31 August Barrow Alaska 6 adults seen flying along the shore (S.W).

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Holmes, R. 1959 Rhodostethia rosea 8 June Barrow Village, Alaska One single individuals seen about ½ mi So. of Barrow Village. It was a small grull with a light gray mantle and red feet. The black ring and rosy color were lacking. It was observed for about a minute and then disappeared - apparently with the ice where it could not be detected. 11 June Barrow, Alaska. One reported by F.A.P. along the beach ridge in the evening.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Sternaparadisaea 17 June Calvill Delta, Alaska Several seen as we flew over. 18 June Barrow, Alaska One seen 50 yards to the drum area. It circled around several times and then headed across the sort underlagoon to the N.W. 23 June Barrow, Alaska One flying and calling over the east census area. 25 June Barrow, Alaska One seen flying over the brush ridge in the vicinity of the census area. 30 June Barrow, Alaska One seen a freshwater lagoon and was soon joined by a second bird. They nested at the grotto for and then flew off. 2 July Barrow, Alaska Three seen over no. Meadows Lake flying to the N.W. 5 July Barrow, Alaska Several were seen in the company of two Alcaeus birds in the vicinity of Newwork, and are also seen at the east end of the sandspit near Newwork. Feeding activity were also seen.

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Holmes,R 1959 10 July Barrow, Alaska Two seen flying over broad ridge. 15 July Barrow, Alaska 6 seen on the north shore of Ikravik Lake feeding in the open water surrounding the ice cake. 25 July Barrow → Wainwright, Alaska Many 7 flew units over sea along the coastline. The majority were seen along the gravel bars where they were probably nesting. 3 August Point, Alaska. 50-100 present on Thetis Island off the point from Point. No normal activity was noted. 11 August Pitt Point, Alaska Three seen flying west of the base. 15 August Pitt Point, Alaska Two were heard flying overhead this morning. They could not be seen due to a low fog. 19 August Barrow, Alaska 8 seen just No 1 Footprint Lake. 20 August Barrow, Alaska. 6 flew over the lobe beaches in a N.W. direction.

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Holmes,R. 1959 Sterna paradisaea 3 2 Sept. Barrow Alaska A flock 16 flying in a loose group in - northwesterly direction on the lab. 4 Sept. Barrow, Alaska An unknown number were present along the edge of the ocean at 2130. They could not be seen due to low clouds + snow, but they were easily heard.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Sterna arctica paradisaea 12 June Barrow, Alaska 2 seen flying over the ridge, plot on the west shore of Skroavik. 14 June - 1 seen along the west shore of Skroavik 22 June - 1 seen flying over the plot on the west shore of Skroavik 30 June - 1 seen flying over the plot at Skroavik 12 July - 1 seen flying along the east shore of Skroavik 14 July - 1 seen flying along ookepitslough (3rd inlet on west shore of Skroavik). 24 July - Numerous birds were seen on Deadman's Island (east of The Pass). Only 2-3 nests were found with eggs, but 16 chicks were seen, + 12 of these were banded. The nests are simply a depression in the sand among the driftwood. The eggs are dark greenish with dark brown and blue spots. 26 July - 3 seen hovering over the inlet not 17th manzanita at Skroavik. 21 July - Swell seen from the boat as we proceeded east to Fjeldalud Island, but none were found nesting there.

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Holmes,R. 1960 Sterna paradisca 3 Aug Barrow=So. Barrow 3, Alaska A pair SE i. Ne long marsh, 1 mi W of So. Barrow 3. 6 Aug Barrow=Stenovik, Alaska 1 See at the mouth 173 unlet - with Stenovik. 16 Aug Barrow=Cape Lisbourne, Alaska May see along the gravel bars. Between Beard Bay & Liz A. 18 Aug Barrow, Alaska Numerous 1st + juveniles seen near the shore at the village Nose

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Hlomes, R. 1961 Sterns paradisca 7 June Barrow, Alaska 1 Seen flying along Willschlag Slough 9 June 1 Seen flying over the plot at Akkavik. 13 June 3 " 17 June 2 Seen on Shore ice, west of base - Kemi, 20 June 1 Pair seen near Loom Pass, N. 1 Skerri - There may be a nest in one of the central islands - a grossy hummual.

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Holmes, R. 1962 Sterna paradisae 9 jun Barrow, Alaska 1 Bird seen flying along coast - just w. of Camp; 2 seen along the west short Shoan. 16 jun 3 in ponds near 87th Lagoon. 20 jun Pair seen N.W. Wannya at Skroaith - 1 seen settle into a quiet small Island, (3x2') covered with fuel grass (3-6") in lake 60x30' in area. The birds were quite active in bombarding us for a nearly funny owl. 5 July One at Skroaith Plot 9 July Several seen - nests at south end of Skroaith. - also other flying along the shore. 25 July 50-100 fishing along the shore near Elson Lagoon on Brent Point.

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Holmes, P. 1959 Avia Iomvia 5 July Barrow, Alaska One dead bird picked up near Birnik. Too far gone for measure. 20 July Barrow, Alaska. 14 were found dead along the beach between Akl, and Nunvuk and more were probably present since we were not on the waters edge all the way out there.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Cephus grylle 7 june Barrow, Alaska One seen on The lead near the Bar. It was seen for about ten minutes and the it worked its way to The westward.

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Holmes, R 1962 Lunda cirrhata 30 July Barrow, Alaska One Adult found dead on the beach directly in front of ARL+ camp. Bird was in good shape - may have been killed during storm Friday (?). - specimen prepared by Hines.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Nyctea scandiaca 12 June Barrow, Alaska One pair was seen S.S. of the village. The F was extremely white and matched the snow color very well. The F had some dusky color in her body feathers and a little darker feathers in the wings. The F was noted sitting on the tundra and flew up upon our approach. 15 June Barrow, Alaska. A F was seen about 100 yards E. of the gas well road on the southern shore of the saltwater lagoon. It was sitting on a mound and flew off when the weasel approached within 30 yards. No F could be seen. 17 June Barrow, Alaska One seen W. of Voth's Area sitting on a small mound. No activity was observed. 19 June Barrow, Alaska One F seen just S. of the Meadow Ridge. (?) Meadow Ridge sitting in the rise of central marsh. After several minutes it flew toward the east along the edge of the marsh. 23 June Barrow, Alaska Four birds seen along beach ridge about one mile east of gas line.

2 June, Barrow, Alaska One male seen flying over the beach ridge as the signal N. gas line and settles on the ice on meadow lake. It was chased by several shorebirds on its path over the ridge. 28 June. Barrow, Alaska One seen along the beach ridge nearby gasoline crossing. It flurried towards the east. 1 July. Barrow, Alaska and Wainwright, Alaska 7-8 seen near Wainwright and the associated decline station. Several others noted between Barrow and Wainwright. 5 July. Barrow, Alaska One seen on the beach ridge in the vicinity of the third census plot. 8 July. Barrow, Alaska Three seen in and near WAS area. Two were females, which were seen to fight (by D. Hilke). The third bird, a male, was seen settling. The birds were also molting.

Halme, R. 1959 Nyctea scandiaca 3 10 July Barrow, Alaska Two seen in Vrth's Area both during the morning and in the late evening. One seen on the beach ridge during 7-8 afternoon. 12 July Barrow, Alaska Two birds were still present in Vrth's Area 13 July Barrow, Alaska One male was seen on the beach ridge near the Beveridge antenna. 15 July Barrow, Alaska Four pairs were seen between ARL and Dkron-ik Lake. One in Vrth's Area, one at the north end of Footprint Lake, one at the S. end of " lake and one about a mile so 1 Footprint along the ridge. There were all nocturnal/pairs, but no sign of feeding was noted. It seems that during windy periods these birds will sit on the side of a mound so as to get out of the wind. 16 July Barrow, Alaska A male was seen on the beach ridge just SE 1 M.A.C.S. Three pairs were noted on the S. end of the beach ridge, near (Corths) Lake and one? The South River (The Slough).

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Holmes,R. 1959 Nvcka scandiaca H. Barrow, Alaska 18 July One seen in WOA's Area and one was noted just no. 1 Footprint lake. They were both sitting on the perches with no apparent activity. 20 July Barrow, Alaska Several seen noted between Skeriah and Elma Logan during Nedar by Lovell Douglas, Rex Prejor, and Arnold Schutz. 22 July Barrow, Alaska. One seen just No. 1 Itrova-vik lake near The Brand West. 23 July Barrow, Alaska One noted at S. end 1 footpt. lake are found Nettleand and two in Waths Area. The one at the northeast of St. Isle was sitting on a slanting pole which rose about 10 feet off the ground. The female near North Area was also atop a short pole which made her 15 feet off the ground. Her mate? Was about 20 yards away, sitting on a cross bar of a telephone pole. This is the first time that I have seen these birds using artificial perches? No feeding activity was seen.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Nyctea scandiaca 24 July Barrow, Alaska Two seen So. 1 Voth's Area on N. ridge just east 1 Voth's Stonyl. 25 July Barrow → Wainwright, Alaska On fly trip down 8 owls are seen with Pieps, Schultz & myself all drawing. About half of these seen within 5 miles Wainwright. Two were seen behind the village during the afternoon. On the return trip about 15 were seen and these were wildly scattered; probably about 3 or 4 miles apart. Only one pair was noted. There are no noticeable complaints present near Wainwright, according to Brewer. The owls must have nested near the Wainwright POE Station because one of them was a young bird as a pet. The station and school teacher at the village did not know of any nesting activity. 28 July Barrow → Pit Point, Alaska Two owls were seen in their flight. One just about 10 mi. SE of Barrow and 1 about 5 mi SW of POE at Pit Point.

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Holmes, J 1959 Nyctia scandiacea 29 July Barrow, Alaska None seen in Voth's Area or surrounding areas. 30 July Barrow, Alaska Also, none seen in Voth's Area. 31 July Barrow, Alaska None in Voth's Area, but one was seen by Preper on the beach ridge during the morning, and I saw one just W. of Walthsley's Slope, during the afternoon. 1 August Barrow, Alaska One seen just N. of Eknaritk Lake. None others seen. 3 August Barrow = Beechey Point, Alaska Between Barrow and the Colville Delta only 2 were seen, and these were widely separated. However, in the 16 mile interval between Pozz and Beechey Point 14 were noticed. No fogops were seen, but the birds were plentiful in that area. 7 August Barrow, Alaska One was present on the so. end of the Beach Ridge near Wold's Slope. No others were seen on that side of the gas line. One

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Holmes, R. 1959 Nyctea scandiaca 7 August Barrow, Alaska other individual was present at the north end of footprint lake. Both of these birds were males. 11 August Pitt Point, Alaska A pair was noted about ½ mi E of the base. The men at the POE station have seen them there for "a week or so" and report seeing them hunting over the tundra. 15 August Pitt Point, Alaska One male was present near the east end of trapline T4. He flew off as the ridge approaches. 18 August Pitt Point, Alaska One noted near the landing strip at 1100. 19 August Barrow, Alaska One present on Moraine Ridge, one on Beach Ridge and one in between these two ridges. They could all be seen at the same time and were all molting wing feathers. 21 August Barrow, Alaska One seen sitting atop a pole near ARES. It was a male that apparently was not molting.

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Holmes,R. 1954 Nyctea scandiania 26 August Barrow, Alaska One seen on the ridge just west of Kera-vibe Lake. 28 August Barrow, Alaska One female seen halfway between Uthi’s Area + Fortpoint lake. One male seen the west side of the northern peatra / Ft.- Print Lake and one male observed several hundred parts every day southern half of the lake. No feeding activity was noted - all were sitting in mounds. 31 August Barrow, Alaska Two birds (19,18) have been seen consistently on or near Uthi’s for the past three days. They are usually seen sitting at the leeward side of the mounds - Apparently to get away from the cold N.E. wind. 2 Sept. Barrow, Alaska The two birds have been seen again; both yesterday + today, in Uthi’s Area. They have not been noticed flying. Very few pellets have been found - Their mounds.

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Holmrs,R. 1959 Nykea scandiana 5 Sept. Barrow, Alaska Four birds seen Between Uthi's Aree and Fortpoint Lake. all were sitting on grounds.

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Holmes, T. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 26 may Barrow, Alaska One male seen flying west along the beard ridge (just S. / ATCS). 29 may. Barrow, Alaska. One were seen near White Bear Footprint Lake or Skovarits today. One pair was noticed near the sand ridge where a nest was located. It was situated on a low piece of exposed tundra (-this may be relatively high aft melt off) several hundred feet down below the ridge top. There were no nesting materials, only a depression - The tundra where the 7 "clutch" brown eggs were laid. The 4 showed no sign. A aggressiveness, as she flew away before I even came close to the nest. The 8 was not seen close to the nest, but was across the meadow lake on a low ridge... Later she was seen to fly back towards the meadow col. 31 may Barrow, Alaska A pair seen at their nest former near the mouth of Lepail Slough. The nest is located approximately 500 yards N. / E. slough and a very slight mound. At this time, the

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Holmes, R. 1960 31 may Barrow, Alaska area surrounding the nest is nearly all covered with grass. Only a small area 1 foot is exposed. This is where the eggs have been laid. The nest contained 4 eggs, which are whitish (slightly tinged with dusky or brown). A male was seen at the very southern end of the broad ridge even after an hour's wait to search, but could not be detected. Another male was seen in the morning evening near the northern end of the census plot on the ridge + oguns. No female could be located. There could have been the same bird. 1 June Barrow, Alaska at 0.9 (a mile south) The north end of Skravite, a depression was found which had apparently been the beginning of an owl's nest. Around its rim were 27 dead lemmings. (23 Ad. 8?, 2 Jun. 8?, + 2 Ad. 9?) - all were marked by the removal of the right hind foot. A goshawk was present in the vicinity, but no ? could be seen. I wonder if the goshawk infertile or if

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Holmes,R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 3. 1 June Barrow, Alaska She was killed or ??. Eight feet (8')? A mile further south a pair was seen. When first noticed, they were separated; The Male on a mound, The ? 300yds away. The ? then assumed the copulatory position (tail up in the air, body in a horizontal position, giving < hunched are appearance). The ? flew direct over, copulated, + The flew off. The ? went directly to the nest, about 50 yards away + began settling. The nest is located on a small mound, 20 yards above an inlet or trough. The nest was completely surrounded by snow and was located in a deep (56") hole. There were 4 eggs. During the evening one ? was seen at the north bank of the logan. Though never seen, the female is probably the one from the beach ridge. Also one ? was seen Not1 the mouth of a slope (400 yds N.) along the shore of the logan. The pair at nest #5 could be seen in the distance, while I was watching this lone ?. 2 June - Nest #4 My Footprint Lake was checked at 0830. It contained 1 egg and

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Holmes, R. 1960 Jane Barrow, Alaska Nycka scandaca was located on a polygon top near the edge of the lake. Nest #7 was then checked and was found to contain 10 eggs. It is located on the edge (valley slope [near its low end]). Only #7 was seen. The mound of lemmings (#10) was checked and no additional lemmings had been added. The 8 was still present and was performing the dracula display when I first arrived. This took place about 35 yards from the mound on a low polygon top. During the remainder of the time spent in the area, he did not display again. Nest #1 was located & it contained 9 eggs. The pair was present here. During the evening, we checked #7 & #8. The pair at nest were present & could be seen clearly; since the nest was checked this morning, it was not looked at again. #8 was found and all eggs had been broken. No human footprints or any other footprints were noted. Both birds were present however; and the 8 was seen during the dracula display with [illegible]

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 2 June Barrow, Alaska his book toward #4. During this period #4 was standing not more than 2 feet from #8, but he had his wings spread "like a angel" with his book toward her. This tail was kept down at a normal angle it was not cocked. 3 June Barrow, Alaska One 8 seen at N south shore of Elobel Slough; this is in proximity to bears ridge #3. 5 June Barrow, Alaska → Inam River, Alaska Numerous owls + nests river formed between Barrow & the Inam River. The nests contained between 3+7 eggs, and at least 2 pairs were seen copulating. See Maker's notes for more details on nests, etc. (one nest was found nest-to-dram--no area which also showed goose lemming sign. 6 June Barrow, Alaska Nest #4 contained 7 eggs when checked this afternoon. Nest #1 had 9 eggs. The nest mound (#10) had only 17 dead lemmings, all of which were marked. The 8 was present and persisted in doing the dracula

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Holmes,R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 6. 6 June Barrow, Alaska display for considerable length of time. Wing on spread back, and feet, with The digit at the bend of the wing sticking out distinctly. The head in forward, and the tail usually has a slightly spreading. The tail is spread normally and is not cocked. When first noted he was in a mound in This position, turning around in 360° This went for several complete revolutions Another pair was seen northwest of the ground, and this nest was located by Maher that afternoon. It contained eggs. 7 June - One owl ever seen along Else north wotblacklog. This is probably the break ridge 8. The pair at The mound Cotjack Two cocked, and their weed (45) contained 7 eggs (+1 outside). Both birds were present, and the male performed a distraction display by spreading his wings out and flapping them shallowly. The was performed when he was behind a mound, so that I could just see The top of his head & The

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Holmes,R. 1960 Nycka scandiaca 7 June Barrow, Alaska Wings Slagging. This same display was seen by a S owl near the Inorn. It also stayed behind a mound and just "peeked" over. 8 June Barrow, Alaska Nest #1 was checked & it contained 7 eggs (2 had been taken by a lemming). The nest (a9) [illegible] contained 8 eggs & both birds were in close attendance. The S with the mound was seen to do the dincule display, not 1 to slough (drawn into the hole). 9 June -10 sec south/ Wohl Slough. Another(?) S was seen during the afternoon resting NE end of the fundra along Elson Lagoon. As I was watching him, he flew a short distance away from the mound where he had been setting and picked up a lemming with his beak. He then transferred it to his feet as before off and flew SW towards the Neck ridge. He landed at a ridge near the enclosure & began to eat the lemming. This is evidently -the S which had been seen along the ridge.

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Holmrs,R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 8. 10 June Barrow, Alaska 18' sec along the Olson loggers, just south of Woolschlag Slough. This is presumably the brood noise 8. When disturbed it flew out and twice sat about 400 yards from shore. Later it flew to the north 1st slough. 12 June - Nest #4 checked. It shell contains 7 eggs, one 1 which was beginning to cip. There were 1 or Lemmus lying next to the nest. Nest #8 was checked, and there are now 6 eggs. No lemmings present. Nest #7 has 10 eggs. No lemmings were here either. #9 was seen doing the dracula display about halfway between the 2 sloughs — the west shore of Skvarik. On a mound 20 yards away from a 4. Several minute later, both flew off in a northerly direction. 13 June - Male #10 was alone when seen today, and no other birds were seen in that area. He was not displaying. 16 June - Nest #1 was checked, + 2 contained 1 young. No other eggs were hatching.

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Holmes,R 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 9. 21 june Ikravile (Barrows), Alaska Pair #810 Seen south of the second split with Okeworks this evening. 22 june - Pair # 810 seen again in the same area. In the evening, The nest was located on a rather prominent mound. It contained 5 eggs. Nodewrings were present around the nest. Copulations or drizzle displays were not seen. 23 june - Nest #10 still contained 5 eggs, + both birds were present. An attempt was made to get to nest #89. But it was discovered that This nest is located beyond a deep slough (described as an inlet or trough on 1 june - due to snow cover). I was directly across from The nest but could not see into it. Both birds were present, so Apparently the nest is still active. 27 june- Barrow, Alaska Nest #2 was visited. It contained 7 young + 2 eggs. There were several old Lemmings around the nest + 4 fresh ones (3883,19).

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 10. 27 June Barrow, Alaska After I arrival + checked the nest, I sat in the blind for 1½ hours. During this time, The 4 were very cautious + came to the nest about 6 times. Each time she was frightened away either by movement in the blind or jaegers nearby. When she was away from the nest, she would sit on the flat lands below the nest where she was continually attracted my jaisan. Its reaction to the dove bombing was to jump with air + apparently try to get her talons up in the direction of the intruders. In the process of doing this, she would jump about 2-4 feet in the air, bring her feet up, where at the same time, the body would flip (like someone attempting to do a somersault - but not quite making the flip). The 8th one then sat calmly along the ridge about 10 yards away. When I first approached the nest, he attempted to do a disrupting display by flapping his wings wildly and making a low grunting call.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 29 June Barrow - Ikorovith, Alaska In the morning, owl nests 3+2 were visited for the purpose of weighing the young. Nest #3 contained 7 young in various stage, of development (see Pitelka's Notes for weight). Both the 8+ & were present; nether bird mode any attempt to defend" the nest. Both remained within 100-150 yards, and during the time we were there, they were harassed constantly by jaegers. The defensive position against these jaegers was a described early (The owls attempt to raise their talon for protection & in doing so - jumped into the air). When the owls were flying, The jaegers would often dive-bomb them, and several times it appeared that actual physical corbat was made between the jeep & The owle (especially The 8). This nest (#3) was fenced, so that the young owle would not wander away. Nest #2 contained 7 young and 2 eggs, one of which was pipping. These birds were a little more aggressive. The 8 made several attempt at dive-bombing us whenever we at The nest. The 8 even made one field

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Holmes,R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 29 June Barrow-Iknaailk, Alaska attempt by flying over lows. The 8 performed a disturbance display several times. Usually it consisted of he standing along the edge of the old hole bed or dug among the polygons & flapping his wings rather erratically with the wings occasionally being held in the horizontal plane with the tips dropped, and the tail cocked. Once while he was at the edge of the marsh he assumed this position with wings spread out and tail cocked and head forward. In this position he moved slowly over the ground and as he did so he textured back and forth. The mouse calls grinze during these periods of disturbance are usually various grunts, occasional deep hoots, and while in the air, bill clacking is quite common. It might also be mentioned that this bill clicking is also done by the young on the nests when they are disturbed. On the way to the wanaga is the

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 13. 29 june Ikerovikt Banners, Alaska. evening, we stopped at owl nest #4 at the side of Footprint Lake. The nest contained 2 young which were only partially grown (both were banded - so they were probably between 500-700 gms in weight). There were no other signs of the remainder of the clutch. No egg shells were present nor signs of dead young. The area was searched for 30 yards in all directions, and no young were found. The nest was located on a mound where there were 2 old fox traps. Many feathers were scattered about; and several old? eggshells which appeared to be pheasant eggs were present 2 feet from the nest. Both adult birds were present. 18 lemming was at the edge of the nest. There were no signs of wolverine visitation to the nest, so whatever happened (?) to the young may have been from natural causes. Of course it is possible that they were still present in the area, but could not be found. Owl nest #10 was checked, and it still contained

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Holmes.R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 29 June Barrow - Ikeroville, Alaska 5 eggs. There was 1 & Lemming at the nest. Also on the way south, a lone & was seen at the NW corner of Salt lagoon in the gravel area just after the juncture / to go sweet wood & the village wood. (A bird was seen here in the evening on 26 June also). When he flushed as we went by, he moved further south along the lagoon & then flew out over the lagoon ice. At that time a gull? was seen further down the shore, sitting on a drum. It also flushed as we came near & flew towards Wath's Areas. There are probably non- nesting birds. 30 June Ikeroville, Alaska Owl nest #9 was checked in the lake evening. There are four young (which were weighed - 97g ± 32g). There are still 6 remaining eggs. Both adults were in attendance. 2 July - Nest #10 still has 5 eggs. Nest #9 shelter for 2 young, which were weighed this evening. Nest #1 was checked for the first time & a couple

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 15. 2 July 2kroavik, Alester 11 weeks. It contained 5 large young + 2 small one (1 just out 1 the eggs). This completes the clutch. Now that the snow has melted, it was found that this nest is on top of a high isolated polyga (8x8' - separated by deep troughs from other polygas). There were 48 + 32 lemmings at the nest. All were fairly fresh. 3 July- A trip was made around the lake today The map below shows the birds seen #10 X 5 eggs #9 2 young beggs pr. seen XRT. about 2 mi so. 10 young

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nycka scandia 16. 3 July Skroavik, Alaska The nest south 1 horn lake contained 10 young, 2 of which were quite young. 4 of the young were banded. There were 16 lemmings at 74 nest (1088, 694). Nest #1 was visited again, + 4 of the young were banded. 4 July - Nest #9 was checked & the 2 young were weighed. Nest #10 still contains 5 eggs. 8 July - Owl nest #9 still has only 2 young. Then we watched this evening. #10 seems has 5 eggs. 10 July - Both nests were the same as before. 13 July Barrow, Alaska Owl nest #2 was visited for picture taking & pellet collecting. The 8 did quite a distracting display by spreading his wings out horizontally & moving over the ground slowly in a flickering motion. Occasionally he would raise his wings to put them North in a vertical position - similar to the dracula display. At the same time the bird went forward & the movement to the dracula display was comical. Movies were taken by Mather & myself, and there show the

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctia scandiace 17. 13 July Barrow, Alaska posture quite well (I hope!!). Swt net #12 was checked + a boliar was set up near Th net. Nest #2 was then checked to clarify the positions of nests in this area. It was located & the young were quite well grown. 5 young were handed. (See Maker's note for more detail on #1 year, etc.). See below/ 14 July Skroaivik, Alaska The gggin owl nest #10 inm just starting to pip this morning. The 2 young were weighed at nest #9; The other eggs (5-1 had disappeared) an apparent vikstile. The pr. of ours near Britton's Area have disappeared. The nest (#1) Southl Footprut was visited, and it was found that the young were fairly well dis- persed. There were 2 in the nest - only 3 others could be located. Bands were placed on those present (some which had lost bands-) 13 July Barrow, Alaska At owl nest #6, a Stvant's nest with 5 young was found just 35 feet from the owl mound

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Holmes, R. 1960 18. Nyctea scandiaca 13 July Barrow, Alaska When 1st discovered, Dr lost young hood just dried off, and while we were there, the velvet brat led the group II. See Brant note. 14 July Skroawite, Alaska Two chicks were steelin nest #9. They were weighed this morning before returned to Barrow. In nest #10, 1 egg was start To pip. 17 July Barrow - Skroawith, Alaska Nest #7 was again checked. The chicks were weighed & banded. Owl nest #10 contained 2 young, 1 pipping egg, and 2 eggs. The young were weighed. During the evening, I sat at the blend at nest #12. During the 2' hour that I was there, the owl came in and brought a lemming. The & then began to feed it up & gave snore chunks to the chicks. Most of the time, the owl seemed to just sit & feed all 4 young. The owl attempted to cover the young with her wings in order to give them protection.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 17 July Barrow - Skroault, Alaska Owl nest #9 mentioned previously had 2 or 3 lemmus at the edge. +1/2 had 1 or lemmus. Nest #5 was checked at the mouth of Tote-pik Slough. I banded 5 young, and there was 1 more that was too young. (Total 6 young present). The adults were not aggressive. Both The 8 & 9 did a clostooth display. The 9's consisted of spreading his wings horizontally & weaving back & forth slightly. Occasionally she would make a missing note. 19 July Barrow, Alaska The pair was present near the barrel pile on the west end of Solt Lagoon. The mounds that they have been using for perching are covered with leathere. Another lone 8 was seen just west 1 1/2th's month. The 2 nests along Village Slough were checked today. These (#7 and 8) were empty with no sign of young or adults present. Evidently they had been found by the exterminator who then

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiata 20 19 July Barrow, Alaska Proceeded to destroy the nests. 21 July Skovarik, Alaska Nest #9 was empty, but the young (2) were about 36 yards away to the south. They were swepted again. The eggs taken from this nest on the 17th were definitely infertile (infected rotten). Nest #10 contained 4 young + 1 egg which was just beginning to pip. 23 July Barrow = Meade River, Alaska Several birds seen north of the stream, but none below it. The naturalist at Warramatt Meade River said that there were very few around that area that year + that were watched. (They also said there were no Shrewed clubs - but we did find a nest). 26 July Barrow, Alaska Nest #1 was checked + several of the young were found + bars applied to those which had not been banded previously. The nest south of Loon was checked. The young had moved several hundred yards away, but all 10 were

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 21. 26 July Barns = Skroawik There and bands were applied. Both Ads were present but they did not become to excited or riled. (Thes are at nest #1). At Nest #2, Both Ads were present + 1 chick was seen, but we did not stop to check in The other one. The young at nest #10 were weighed, and the youngest one was brought back into the loft by Reynolds. The nest did not have any learning around it. During the past week, there have been 3 Owls present at the feeder just west 1 salt (famil) logan. At Thorold nest So. I loan Lake, The wings of a & Stella Eider's were found - indicate That she had been preyed upon + fed to The young. A week ago, Mable found The wings / a 3rd King Eider at an Owl nest near the Bose. Now that The young are near grown (some are beginning to fly), The food requirement is extremely high.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 22. 27 July Barrow, Alaska Two nests #1+3 were visited, both were deserted. The young at #2 were still present nearby, but were unvisited. Two at this nest were found dead in the enclosure. This may be due to their not being able to join with the chicks away from the nest. Nests #11+12 were also visible, and the chicks banded. At dawn that day, the chicks left the nest mound and were found wondering over the tundra. 29 July - Two of the young at nest #3 were seen flying just south of the Beach ridge near the postline. 2 August - Two flying chicks seen on the line plot on the Beach Ridge near the gas line. These were from Nest #3. In the afternoon, a moulting bird was seen on the wet shore at Salt Lagoons. 3 August Barrow = So. Barrow 3, Alaska During a trip to So. Barrow 3, as many owl nests as possible were located, and the chicks present were banded. The following notes were taken during

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiæca 23 3 August Barrow = So. Barrow 3, Alaska The course of the journey. The nests were numbered as they were encountered. Only brief description of location will begin here - Nemopilus maker? Notes give the more precise locale. Nest #13. - located just SE of Dry Lake - just NE 1 Loon Lake. Three young were present in the nest - 2 were banded. No others were seen. There were present at the nest 74 Wraps of a old Squaw (sex?) and also the head of 6 or 7 Steller's Eiders - both apparent prey items of the owls. Nest #14. - Found about a mile ESE 1 Loon Lake: The nest cup was not seen - but there were 5 young, two 1 while were flying. Three were banded. Nest #15. - Located about 2 miles N. of So. Barrow 3 (along the w. edge 174 large marsh). 5 young were found- banded, and in addition to these, there were the remains of 1 chick in the nest (taken by others?) One adult jager carcass was also found near the nest.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nykea scandiace 24. 3 August Barrow = St. Barrow 3, Alaska Nest #16. found NW of St. Barrow 3. 5 young were seen; 2 were banded. One dead + mostly eaten joegar chick was found nearby Nest #17. Located ENE / St. Barrow 3 (just N. 17th small creek). Five chickens were seen; 3 flying - 2 banded. Nest #18. - Located NE / 17 - alan side on 17th lake (Secwaps). - 6 young were seen + all were banded. None were flying yet. Nest #19. Located "SE / Antler Lake, Five young seen; 4 banded: 1 Flying Nest #20. - located on the SE shore / Antler lake - 5 young found ; 5 banded Nest #21. Located NW / 1 Antler lake near a small pond. 6 young seen ; 5 banded ; 1 flying. Both adults were present at all 7 The above nests. None of the 58 attempted to dive-bowl in, and no duobiotic display was noted. As mentioned above, most of the young were found away from the nest site - Corrugants, Send the nest mounts

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 25. 3 August Barrow = St. Barrow 3, Alaska were visited. In certain areas lower, The part 1 c 8 Stellar, Lich, Old Squon, an Adult Pmarnis Jaugar, r 1 year chick were found. Evidently, Predation on birds is occurring even during a lemming high year. 6 August Barrow = Skroavik, Alaska Nest #10 at Skroavik was checked today. The four young were still present; The two older hood moved about 25 feet from the nest. These Chicks were weighed. Both adults were present. 8 August Barrow, Alaska Three young seen on the beach ridge near the postler. I pre- sume they were all from Nest #3. 11 Aug - One flying juvenile seen near Br. Hm's Area. There appeared to be an aluminum band on his left leg - but no color band was seen. (It may have been from lower - Semi 2 was not able to get very close).

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 26. 15 Aug Skroavik, Alaska The juveniles at nest #10 have moved about 350 yards south. The nest - along the ridge. Both adults are still in attendance. One chick (the youngest) was found dead near the nest. The weights are recorded on the wt.-record sheet. 16 Aug Barrow = Cape Lisburne, Alaska An occasional scatland owl was seen between here & Wainright but they were by far nowhere common. Now we see west/ Wainright. 20 Aug Barrow, Alaska Two juveniles (flying, but steel with down) seen along the west shore & family logom. Bands could not be seen. 21 Aug The young were weighed at nest #10. Only 2/3 could be found (the oldest & the youngest). The adults were still in attendance. 27 Aug Barrow = Pitt Point, Alaska Owls seen frequently before Barrow Helmnault Bay. This includes several family groups. Beyond the Bay, 1-2 were seen.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca 28 Aug Barrow, Alaska A dead juvenile (with band No 509-29660 {+1 blue color band - took mThe right? (eg) was found near Trapline XIII (10' away). This is apparently 1/7 the juw's for nest #2. About 30 feet from this bird we found The remains of a juvenile jaegar. There were several pieces: wing, jaws, 1 foot, etc.. See D. Chul, There was a large pellet (Adult) which contained a jaeger foot. It seems probable that the family group from nest #2 had moved through this area, & had killed a jaeger chick (probably not quite flying) and had eaten it there. An adult jaeger may have killed one of the owl chicks. 30 Aug A repeat (The above incident was discovered about 700 yards) NE of the trapline in The Fertility plots. The owl was also Narded, & there were the remains 1 - dead jaeger chick

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nycka scandiaca 2 Sept Barrow, Alaska 1 bird, apparently a juvenile. Seen along the beach ridge near the beverage antennae. 3 Sept 1 Juvenile and 1 molting Adult ♀ (quite "dirty" in coloration) were present along VoR Creek, No bands could seen. At Skravik, The family 1 owls (pr #10) were seen present about 250 yards south of the nest site. The adults were still there, and the three chicks were flying.

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Holmes,R. 1960 Nyctea scandiaca Nest #10 Ikravik, Alaska R-rt. R-mid L-left L-mid 7-17 62g 44g (1600) 7-21 156g 121g 40g 73g (1200) 7-26 469g 318g 73g 220g (1600) 8-6 1053g 822g 364g 778g (1200) 8-15 1526g 1491g wt.- 434g 1136g (1300) 8-21 1665g not found — 1228g (1400) 9-3 flying flying flying

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Holmes, R. 1960 Nycka scandia Nest #9 Ikroavik, Alaska R-Rt R-mid. - ♀ 6-30 97g. 56g. 7-2 136g 87g 7-4 199g 123g 7-8 462g 319g 7-10 549g 434g 7-14 733g 667g 7-17 940g 966g 7-21 1115 1065g

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Holmes,R. 1961 Nycka scandiae 4 June Barrow, Alaska 1♀ seen sitting on small mound, south of Vath's area. No activity noted. No pellets were found on mound. Pete Savolik reports several owls south (The village (where the children are also catching lemmings - 100 in about 4 days). 7 June - 1♂ seen on the hill, just So. of The Village. 9 June 1♀ seen flying west across the south end of the beach ridge & then across central marsh. 10 June 1♀ seen near beverage antennae, N. of Vath's Slope. 14 June 1♂ seen flying west along the beach ridge near the gasoline 11 June 1♂ seen flying south along the B. Ridge - along Pitelka's plots. 17 June - 1♂ seen along The B.R. - near gasoline. 11 July 1♂ seen on the ridge behind (N.) the insect plot. 13 July above bird seen sitting again in the same general area. 21 July 1♂ seen at the south-west side of Vath's Slough. - Most likely, same individual as above. 23 July 1♀ seen just So. of Wohl's Slough. 7 Aug 1♀ seen So. of Oakley's Slough, 14 Aug 1♀ seen near the fertilize plots.

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Holmes, R. 1962 Nyctea scandiaca 28 may Barrow, Alaska Cade observed again in Drum area behind APL & a pair on the west side of Footprint Lake on 26may. This evening, a pair was noted west of Footprint & just south of Voth's Slough. The 8 was seen flying - suddenly landed near Dr & who was sitting on Dr snow at the edge of a 2x3' tripod polygator top. The 8 then mounted Dr & remained there for about 30 sec. - then flew off to the so. Dr & remained sitting until it flashed by. There was no sign of a nest in any of the exposed mounds in the vicinity. 30 may 18 seen so.1 The village along the creek where drums are village slough. No 8 could be found in the area. Another bird - believed to be a 8, was seen sitting on the telephone pole - between Voth & Brit H's area. 2 June 1 seen drum area 3 June 18 m Elsa-ooph Slough; 187 cc N.W. and Footprint Lake 4 June 18- a outh's Ave. - several reported from Drum Area by Mullen

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Holmes, P. 1962 Nyctea scandiaca 5 June Barrow, Alaska 1♂ scouting near Voth area. 6 June 1♂ along Valley slope south (the valley.) ; 1♀ on immature 3 miles / Voth area - 1 No. / Footprint Lake. 7 June 1♂ along White ramp Sutter/B. Ridge ; 1 ♀ on P. Kelley's plot - 1♀ at De nova / Cockpile slope ( was have been same bird as a P. Kelley's plot ?). 8 June 9 snows over section, in snow drift along Voth Road - halfway to Voth area. Flew to top Telegraph pole nearby. 10 June 1♀ in Voth Area; 1♂ near Barrow ridge in the evening. A pair noted at the current Barrow ridge. Another single bird seen near The gas-line crossing the ridge - rather lost 1-2 primaries missing from left wing. 14 June 4-207; 2♀♀ on Beart Ridge near gasoline ; 1 male Oolpil slope - 3 near South End / Dry Lake ; 1 No. and 1 Skovil; 1♂ west side / Footprint Lake. No evident Mute Swan. 15 June Eight seen looking S. street from White- Ramp Sector 10 A.M. 20 June Eight owls counted from the Wannujin - mostly along the north-west shore of Heronovel Lake. 21 June 3 over a high polygon - along west side / Footprint Lake.

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Holmes, R. 1912 Nycter scandiaca 23 June Barrow, Alaska 3-4 on Beaver ridge near gosline + 2 new N. & 1 Pitellia's plot. 24 June 4 sitting around N. & ld. end 1 Skrovik; 5 mae along the W. P.S.S. and 1 Footprint Lake. 8 were seen between The No. end 1 Footprint & Voh Tree. 29 June 6 seen from insect plots (Voh -> Footprint -> Willy Floyl Locality) - 2 on beaver ridge. Hunt seemed to have decreased from a week ago. 8 July 16 individuals seen between Joth Strait The North end of Skrovik. all scattered out; none in nests. 5 July 4 seen along N. Shore of Skrovik - 3 L. Stru 1 Footprint - Wanda ran down. 7 July 2 N. 1 Voh area. 8 July Two owls near Footprint Lake (west shore) + 1 mnt & The wanny at Skrovik 9 July 2 a Census plot - 2 at South end / Lake (Skrovik) + 18 seen between Per- ook pip (Floyl & Central marsh. - Ntly all were seen on or behind mounds. 12 July 2 a Skrovik Census Plot - 2 on N. Shore / Skrovik. Three along footprint / Footprint - None seen farther north. 14 July 10 owls seen between BR - Elsa Logan - Woble- Bleg Slope - Central Menzel & Bear Ridge again it was near Elsa & Woble.

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Holmrs,R. 1962 Nyctea scandiaca 16 July Banow, Heath One - the census plot at Shrewsbury, 1st the south end 1 Footprint + 1mm vol- 18 July 19 m B.A. - 13m north stand Wobblers near and 1 D.B.- 1 at mount/ Wobblersley & 1 near Curled Cop area (½ way between Brant Point & Wobblersley. 25 July None seen along Beach Ridge or near Clonlagon. 30 July 2 on east side/ Deer Ridge - near foot end. 4 Aug 6 seen between Voh Tree & So. Footprint lake- 2 near near insect plot. This is quite an increase over the last few weeks- when very few have been seen. 6 Aug Amen Deer Ridge near garden & a a garden ridge. 12 Aug One west/ Voh tree + are just No. 1 Footprint lake. 13 Aug Amen garden ridge. 15 Aug (New York - 1 a was short Footprint - 1a south shore / Footprint - 1a and short Shrewsbury - 1a garlic R, 1a local ridge near garden + 1 a big pot at 6.30).

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Holmes, R. 1962 Nycka scandiaa 17 Aug Darrow, Alaska One 3 near Sweet plot + 1 % or immature in Brittn's Area. 18 Aug 2 on Bear Ridge - gasoline Crossing 21 Aug 1 at Bear Ridge - near Salem '1 ~ actual Gasoline Ridge - 1 sw/1st Plot + 1 SET 1st Plot - 1 Nw/1st Plot - 1 just south] V. obliquely across from the end? On Bear Ridge + 105 $20s. This seems be scattered out - but are more numerous than they were during late July & early August. 23 Aug 8 sec between Volk Ave. & Skovaul - all spaced out. - no yarn - 1-1/4-year were noted. 25 Aug 2 rows between Wood. & Ookyib Slope + 2 near Gasoline - 80/1 Gasoline Bridge.

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Holmes,R 1963 Nyctea scandiaca 27 may Barno, Alaska One adult & seen sitting c. mound at the sound and /the broodings near woltsbly Slope. It moved off to the sound on our approach. 28 may - One seen flying south along Voth Creek (east of Cale-zebr). - 07 In evening - a bird was seen flying east/ B.R + Ns./ Woltsbly Slope. In flight it was performed with full stroke to the vertical + the brok at 20-30° kda the surface. These strokes were performed deliberately & was obviously a display flight. The wingbeat Cadence was 2/15sec - each upward stroke going to within 10° (where the drummers are evenly just below the horizon). After about 1/2 min, the bird landed on a 60 x 30' patch of open tundra & began its "dracula" display with head stretched forward, wings raised & folded in the manner of angel's wings. - see 1980 note. The bird was too far for there were too many but it was clear to see if he was holding a lemming in his beak. No other bird was seen. After about 3 min, the bird flew off, giving the display flight - landed across (so.) Woltsbly Slope + asam chet he dracula display - This time there was definitely no lemming in its beak - yet he continued to rotate on the mound with wings both these forward- nowhere else - I am diet-national qd. d.sch

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Holmes,R 1963 Nycka scandiaca 29 may Banov, Slade One 4 or imm' 8 (dark grey splottles Scapulars, carats t bread - not spotted like Munt & E) - on the shore / Els n logan - half way between Wold + Brant PD. In evening - no 8 seen at southern of broel ridge - but Mr. & was seen in the same area described above. A few minutes later, A mole flew south along the bluff along Els n - passed near the sitting & I kept going toward the broel ridge. 30 may A 8 near Vomarea, a 8 1/4 mi west of Vomarea (just w. of Vok slough) to a 8 near gasline on the broel ridge. 31 may One 8 along Els n logan, South / Brant Point - where she was seen 2 days ago. 15' 200 yard south / ooh pit slough. 2 june On trip to Dinali Gate - south ridge slough - Sherovich census plot, south end / Skrook - Dry lake - Oshqih slough census plot + Central marsh during afternoon - NO ours were seen. All areas were scanned carefully. On our return on the broel ridge, one 8 was sitting near the Shervon antenna @ Resort side 1 mile.

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Holmes, R. 1963 Nyctea scandiaca 2 June Danny, Alaska Alw, Andy, Crane, worker at gas well, has not seen owls at all this spring 4 June A P at south end / beed ridge near Wobleschly 6 June 1 P on mound at northern end of foot-print hole. Have seen between Both Tree & Village Slope - nor a Gasoline or beed ridges. South end / beed ridge + Large mounds across Wobleschly Slope - 1 P down gravel, displays for 10 minutes - with lemon, a bird - turning i had under a moon. A P was about 10 yards away on mound. After 10 min - he flew to her mound, landed 3' away - vinned. Went into drawl display. But she kept looking straight ahead - no att'n clutched to P. After about 2 minutes, he flew back to his perch - again went into drawl posture - 7 June 2 P on south side of Wobleschly - halfway between end & b.r. + Alson Logan. Appar see by J. Brown Crew near Br. Hen's Dike. Only 1 P Seen here in the evening.

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Holmes, R. 1963. Nycke Scandinavia 8 June Banna, Alaska One 0" on west side of Valley Slough - NME at Brata - north are - a Knoll Ridge. Two (9+5) on mound at northeast/ Jhroavile - for Wessethen I couldn't follow them for any distance - they were back working again. Elsin Lagoon - No. with. - 10" sitting a whole ventricle, just so. | Brunt Pt. - 14 m miles, 200 yds north | Cerulean Bay. Clear site. Ptira beach ridge - 8" at southern New Woblesdly; 4" a Pritchel's plot near Beaver Pond. 9 June PR - west of Three Loh + drum area. Pr mpolygous near Lima 9+10 - (APCS) - 7" a beach ridge near lime plot - 8" a beach ridge near magnetic station. 5" at Mount Ookpik; 8+8" a guslin ridge. 10 June 4" in Voh Area; 8" a west shore of unmarked New Born east of Family Lagoon. In evening, a parallax, Elise - a pair Blue Whale. near Su and B.A. + a pair Pritchel's plot. 11 June 4" near Arthas, 8" < B.A. - near Bov. antenna & 2" - west | Gushlin ridge. 8" west / Valley Slough; 9" N+0| Vith Area - along north coast

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Holmes,R. 1963 Nyctea scandicica 12 June Barrad, Alaska 1♂ on high polymo sand / float plane lake ; 1♀ Red Elsm Removal Plo.8. 2 birds (♂+♀) near Tregelmo f +10 ; at 2 other (♂+♀) unbed ridge - near Beverge antenna -3 seen below Barrad Skule Cliff. 15 June - 2♂♂ in Sherovil census plot, 3 scattered alder not treat skis / Sherovile. 17 June - 3 on census plot at Sherovile - all appear to be ♂♂. Also - 1♂-1♀ on high polymo sand / Sherovil, 1♀ or birdlady. Goulain brot plat area - 1♂ a Beverge antenna - bears ridge. 1♂+1♀ in southern / Nether ridge + SOUT SEM / Wohl'skhl Sln. - 2♂♂ along E/12 logom: No breeding activity 20 June Nort v. unced - vst ava. - Nere a NORT break Pup - N. meridiana Cole - APCS. 21 June - 3 birds (2♂♂,1♀) - Shroud census plot - Newhaven. The only ones seen today. 23 June - 1♀ sitting atop me in rabbu - obs. 22 June 25 June 1♂ on a road end / Shroud plot. 26 June 1♀ on Elsa bluff, 1♂ on north shore of Wohl'schloz - SOUT and 1 Beaver ridge. 1 ♂ sex. per Voh - in Telopbu'pols

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RTH 1963 29 june Barrow, Alaska Nurse census plot - but are alm marshl shrewil + one just mashl uth area - a power pole. The numb 1 ows has decreased markedly. - The last week. 3 july /oot mat end of shrewail + one c ear sid / shrewail - 1 alarm Uth area. 4 july / in Np polyze - Sw / Trcplime 173. 7 july / owl seen near Shrewail census plot - ows, we all day 9 july / owl see NE / Shrewail census plot + within 12 july / adult F in Uth area. 13 july 1 " still..." + 1 new M De shrewail Ioannaja - No other seen. 14 july /owl - south end/ black ridge near wohlsch 16 july / ot mur want plots, none on keel ridge nor gasoline ridge 17 july / owl on census plot. no other seen. 19 july / 8" a gasoline ridge, 1 - Uth area, Lme Ner want plots. 20 july / 8" at shrewail census plot - / a ridge went / South end / Foot print lobe. 21 july / 8" on south end / Beaver ridge. 23 july / 8" at north end / Footprint + / a shrewail plot.

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RTH 1963 Nycka scandiaca 24 July Barrow, Alaska One ? on south end / sheer ridge near Wohlischlag & one new inset area - new Orth. 25 July 2 new north end / Throane plot - bor apparently 89. One dingy individual or large block mound at south end / central marsh. 26 July Four owls alarm me. Muff? 1 Oohpit Slopes. 28 July One ? weird south footprint (new), 2 new mounds / cinders plot. 5 Aug 2 new mounds / Oohpit slope. 6 Aug 1 No.1 Skrool lot - 2 n. cinders plot. 12 Aug Travels to Oohpit / Wohlischlag Slopes - Sam / Owl seen (wet?) - Oohpit - No others. None have been seen in me last few days. 15 Aug 2 Aec cast / fertility plots. 18 Aug 1/8. south / gondola ridge 20 Aug 1 Ad ? on south side / Oohpit slope. 25 Aug 1/8? spur / gondola ridge.

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Holmes, R.T. 1964 Nykea Scandacia 4 June Barrow, Alaska 18 sitting on polygono near Trogelius IX + X. 1 on Pikelka's plat, 1 at south end / beach ridge. all appeared at the 8:37 5 June 19 in Vothi area; 18 west / 14 insect plots. Not seen in afternoon in the south beach ridge area. 8 June None seen in last 3 days. 9 June 18 at south and 1 Dead ridge. 13 June 18 on Volks bluff in (late evening) 15 June At least 3 a morn, 50 + east / Garlin ridge. 18 June 2 seen southwest of Garlin Ridge - 1 on beach ridge near sodnie. 21 June 1 on beach ridge near 4 drains. - 18 west of Vothi area. 22 June 1 on Dead ridge (Pikelka's plot) - + 1 ac (one plot (near garlin)) 25 June Two along census plot; 2-3 other locations 25.0 ft south end / Sherwood - 3.4 alc E & NE sides / Sherwood - One was always in sight. 1 Nort / Footprint8. 30 June 14 or Jan - N.E. end Pikelka's plot - 18 south, A Wohlschleg.

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Holmes,R. 1959 Asio flammeus 5 june. Barrow, Alaska Two seen near the barrel area. One was sitting on the ground and the other was flying when first noticed. Later both flew off in a western direction. 12 june Barrow, Alaska One seen flying to the east over the drum area. It was flying a direct course about 75 feet above the ground. One also seen near Britton's Area at 1315. A pair was noted flying just N. of Voth's Area at 1615. They were flying high, but were making large circles and not moving in any one direction. 13 june Barrow, Alaska One seen flying west over the beach ridge. Another seen flying over the dump area. 14 june Barrow, Alaska One seen sitting on tundra along the gas well road near Britton's area. It flushed as the crease came within 50 yards. 15 june Barrow, Alaska A pair were seen about 400 yards So.

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Holmes,R. 1959 Asia flammeus 15 June Barrow, Alaska of the drum area. One bird of the pair was seen to chase off a Pomarine Jaeger when the jaeger approached too close. It chased it for several hundred yards before returning to its original resting site. 17 June Barrow, Alaska One seen in The drum area and then it was quickly chased out by a pair 1 jaegers.(Pomarine). 18 June Barrow, Alaska A pair was seen in The drum area where The jaegers had been yesterday. 19 June Barrow, Alaska One seen flying over the beach ridge during the morning. 23 June Barrow, Alaska One bird seen just west of the drum area. It was flushed from the ground. 25 June Barrow, Alaska One seen near AACS buildings and one flew over the rest-census area during The afternoon. 30 June Barrow, Alaska One seen just So. 1 The drum area near 4pes

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Holmes, R. 1959 Asio flammeus 6 July Barrow, Alaska One seen at the south end of the drum area among the drums. 10 July Barrow, Alaska One seen in south end of drum area. 15 July Barrow, Alaska Two seen near the S.E. end of Footprint Lake. 18 July Barrow, Alaska One seen again north SE. end of Footprint Lake. It was being chased by 2 peregrine jaegers which quickly gave up the chase. 25 July Wainwright, Alaska One seen near the cliffs just N.E. of village.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Asio flammeus 1 June Barrow, Alaska Two seen along the shore of Elson Fagoon. 5 June - Barrow -> Iqaluit -> Barrow, Alaska Second see just South of the village + personally along the route like. In my plan next time, the usual display was observed. This is where Mr. Murd flus to a height 1 50-60 feet + then folds his wings eventually + flaps them together 3 or 4 times. By this time, Mr. Murd has lost elevation, so that he has to flap normally to regain altitude. The display may then be repeated. 9 June Barrow, Alaska One seen - The Mt. Parker 10s beach ridge near the Beverage antenna. It was seen to catch a lemming, and it then took him 12 minutes to devour it. 20 June - I saw near the gas line along the beach ridge. It was flying high + was being harassed by a pair of jaegers. 27 June - I seen at the south end of the drum area, being harassed by jaegers

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Holmes, R. 1966 2. Asis Flammicus 8 July Barrow, Alaska Makers I I vented The nest found by Warns yesterday?). It is located west? The pipeline - opposite A.A.C.S. The nest is located on a top of a low, bush-centered polygo and on a crotch in the top of this shrub. There are 4 eggs, which are smoother than chicken eggs & are more glossy. The wos m definite nest material. 18 July - The above nest has been checked by Mohr & Warner during the last few days. Today, however, it had two eggs which bore snail-jagged (1/2" diameter). The third egg was cold; The 4th was not available to see. 23 July Meese River, Alaska A nest was found near the cow mine. It was located about 50 yards away from the bluff overlooking the river. The nest was among the tops grass & consisted of some melted down grass & numerous feathers. There were 6 youngs, and I who wasn't over 2-3 days old. Only in adult was present near the

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Holmes, R. 1960 Asio flammeus 23 July Meoale River, Alaska nest, but another was seen about a mile inland (whether this individual belonged to the nest or not - I don't know). The eskimo at the village said they had seen me "brown" quite this year. 28 July Barrow, Alaska One seen near ATCS in the evening 25 Aug One seen east of The Beach Ridge It was flying, rather irradical

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Holmes, R. 1962 Asio flammeus 17 Jun Barrow, Alaska One hunting south of central marsh. One reported by Hirs. - near Voth Area.

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Holmes, R. 1964 Asia flammens 4 June Barrow, Alaska At least 1 (possibly 2) seen flying around low thigh - near AACS. Later, 1 or more AACS, one on Pitekha's Plot + 1 near Qolopit Sluice Elsa Lajoon. 5 June 1 or opportunism near Village Slough - S. Tary [Harry Brown agent Ther-comma - actually abundant at Meade River - all lemmings they were not very common]. 7 June 1 on Vombley - flat east; another a more 5 mi west from area. One hunting along north Bead ridge in the evening. 8 June 1 hunting along north Bead ridge - probably same individual as last night. One hunting along Pitekha's Plot; 1 near AACS. 14 June One in out mound near ditch m. Pitekha's plot. 12 June One flying along Beaver Ridge, east 1 from gas line. 13 June . 14 June . (Th Mound) 100 yds N of Pitekha's Plot. 17 June One flying over Bead ridge - east 1 gas line. 19 June 2 on Beaver Ridge near Beverageantumae. 21 June 1 or No. 8B - Beverageantumae area. 28 June None seen recently - probably have departed.

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Holmes, R. 1962 Petrochelidon pyrrhonota 30 may BARROW, ALASKA One individual seen several times 4 mi east 1 Volk's Area - flying back & forth over an exposed 'grassy' field. The bird would have been collected but I was distracted by a displaying E. ruficollis. (Cade also thought he also saw other species near camp (outside airloos) today. (species?)

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Holmes,R 1960 Hirundo rustica 7 july Barrow, Alaska One sea flying along the west Shore of Freshwater Lake. The bird was collected.

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Holmes, R. 1962 Oenanthe oenanthe 28may Barrow, Alaska 2 85° (I believe) seen N57 W6h's area on the high ground west of Family lagoon. Neith would allow close approach. One finally flew off to the East; specimen was collected. 30 may - I seen by Cade in The drum area. 1 fem. Mule collected one in The drum area & I saw one in Brittmb's area during The afternoon.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Sialia currucoides 4 June Barrow, Alaska. One & seen at The Base at 2020. It was seeking shelter behind The quarant hut and would not fly until the observer approached within 5 feet. At 2200, it was still present but could not be found at 2230.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Motacilla flava 4 June Uniat, Alaska 2 seen near landing strip. The yellow on the underparts is not always conspicuous, but the flip of the tail is very diagnostic. 11 June Barrow, Alaska One seen just E. of the drum area. It was quite active and flew several times to various exposed areas of tundra during the several minutes it was observed. 10 August Uniat, Alaska One seen near the airstrip.

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Holmes R. 1962 Motacilla flava 10 June Barrow, Alaska One collected in Voth's Area - 1 mi. s. / The coast! Another individual wosfer on the tundra - near The cone 1 E/5mt Wibloeblog.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Spizella arborea 8 June Barrow, Alaska. One individual singing just So. 1 Barrow Village. 10 August Unial, Alaska 4 seen near the airstrip.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Passerculus sandwichensis 5 june Barrow, Alaska One seen m tundra near Base at 1330.

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Holmer, R. 1960 Passerulus sandwichensis 10 june Barrow, Alaska One heard by maker near the lab and one seen by me along Elsa Logan, south Wodtschlag Slough during the evening.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Calcaris Laponicus 5 June Barrow, Alaska 1030.- 20-35 were present in the Narvik Area. None were singing. 1900. Several seen in The drum area behind the base. At this time the males were performing their flight songs or several were seen during the hour spent in observation. They would fly for a length of 50-75 feet and then glide to earth (substretched wings) and at the same time uttering a trilling song. 6 June Barrow, Alaska 0800-0900. Several seen in Drum area going through their flight songs. Others were noted feeding and showing no interest in broody activities 1100-1200. Several in the Vault area and adjacent tundra. 7 June Barrow, Alaska 1100-1200.- may present in the drum area. No songs were heard. Also may present in the same area at 1500. 8 June Barrow Alaska.

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Holmes, R. 1959 2. Calcarius laponicus 8 June. Barrow, Alaska Many seen in the area so. 1 Barrow village which has is been cleared 1 snow. Also several were noted on the return trip - (Inland). These birds were singles or pairs in habitat small exposed areas). 9 June Barrow, Alaska There are still 20 to 30 birds in The drum-lined area, but now they are beginning their territorial defense. The 8" are seen in combat both on the ground and in the air. The territorial boundaries do not seem to be established yet, but within a general area, The "resident" male became excited when intruded upon. The defending male stays on the ground (at first), stretches out its neck, and stands ready for the intruder which flies up to the male and is prevented from landing by the action of the defender. After this intruder has hovered for several seconds while being attacked from below, it attempts to fly several feet away,

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Holmes, R. 1959 Calcaris lapponicus 3 9 June Barrow Alaska and land. When this happened, the defenders took flight and chased the other bird over the tundra for about 2 min. This flight-chase was noted in several areas. It consisted of the 2 birds often flying straight up in the air for ~15 feet while "belly to belly" and then tumbling together back to within a foot or 2 of the ground. It appeared that actual contact was made between the two by both the bill + feet. The whole array of events was accompanied by a chatter from both birds. 1400-1630. -15-30 seen in the North Area. Two birds, 18?, 19?. Were seen in an aggressive attack as they raced back and forth over the tundra, then several feet into the air, tumbled to the ground and then the 8 performed the mating display accompanied by a high shrill whistle (F.A.P.). Copulation then took place. Some of the birds appeared to be paired.

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Holmes, R. 1959 4. Calcorius laponicus 9 June Barrow, Alaska and others not. The condition of the gonads of 7 birds collected showed no difference when compared to those (several days) ago (all around 2 mm in diameter). 10 June Barrow, Alaska The 99 seemed more abundant than previously, and the males were seen frequently going through their aerial song-display. The fight-chase between 2 males was only seen once. 11 June Barrow, Alaska. The birds seem to be paired now with very few individuals seen. They are often seen in their chases over the snow where the 8 may be chasing the & or 2 & will be chasing each other. During the "" chase, there may be actual contact between the two birds. One & which was collected had an egg which was just about ready to descend, so i, laying would have been within a day or two. 13 June Barrow, Alaska One & collected which had laid one egg and had a second in the oviduct. The birds appear to be very secretive and are very

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Holms,R. 1959 Calcaris Laponicus 5. 13 June Barrow, Alaska hard to spot once they land on a patch of tundra. 14 June Barrow, Alaska Several males were seen going through their aerial displays, despite the Sewind. One nest was found in a crevice formed by the crooking of the wind. The nest was made of dried grasses woven together with a small cup-shaped nest. about 2" across. There were a few feathers in the Nest and 1 egg. The egg was brown with blackish mottlings. 15 June Barrow, Alaska 1400. The nest described above was checked and found to contain 2 eggs. Many of the pairs seem to be nesting now. The males are still going through their flight displays, and The females are remaining rather sent. we. 2200. The nest was checked again and contained two eggs still 17 June Barrow, Alaska The above-mentioned nest in the dorm area now contains 4 eggs.(at 1110).

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Holmes,R 1959 Calcaris lapponicus 6. 18 june Barrow, Alaska The nest in the drum area contained 5 eggs at 1000. Very little activity was noted however, several males were going through their aerial displays. 19 june Barrow, Alaska. Several pairs seen along the bear ridge and between them and the A.R. The aerial displays are still being carried on. According to the specimens collected by F.B. Some females are almost through with egg-laying while others have laid only one or two eggs. 20 june Barrow, Alaska One nest containing 5 eggs was found on the beach ridge. The female was collected and contained one egg in the oviduct. 21 june Barrow, Alaska The first nest found in the drum area still contains 5 eggs and the female is setting. Another nest was found further so. in the Drum Area and contained 4 eggs. Aerial displays and occas. chasing are still seen throughout the tundra. 22 june Barrow, Alaska The nests described above all have

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Holmes, R. 1957 Calcarius lapponicus 7. 23 June Barrow, Alaska The same number of eggs. Some of the male longspurs are now seen in small flocks so apparently there are non-breeding males. The territoriality has begun to break up. The aerial displays are seen infrequently. 28 June Barrow, Alaska The nests checked today all contained the same no. as the last reported day. Two new ones were found near topoline II on Jockline ridge. One contained 5 eggs; 1 had four eggs. Some males are seen displays, others seen to be forming groups of 2 or 3 with very little chasing. 30 June Barrow, Alaska The first nest discovered in the tundra in the drum area now has 3 young birds and 2 eggs (at 1600). 3 July Barrow, Alaska The first nest in the drum area now contained 5 young. The second nest had 4 young. The males seem to be looking together more than before; a group of 6-8 are now being seen.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Calcarius lapponicus 3 July Barrow, Alaska Two nests were also located along the beach ridge east of the Neovsoge antenna. One contained four newly hatched young, and the other had five. 6 July Barrow, Alaska Many birds were seen today in the vicinity of A.A.O.S.. Both males and females were present, but the males were more numerous. Birds of both sexes were malking. No flight songs were heard. 7 July Barrow, Alaska One flight song was heard just north of the trapline II on the beach ridge. The bird was not seen, but the song was clearly heard. P. Felton reports that he has seen one or two birds giving their flight song in the same vicinity Wednesday and today. The males seem to have lost their territoriality for bands of 4-6 are often seen together. When these are encountered, however, they will utter a sharp alarm-note and oppose to avoid the intruder or if there

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Holman, R. 1957 Calcaris lapponicus 7 July Barrow, Alaska was a mite nearby and he was trying to warm his note. Pairs are occasionally seen feeding together. 13 July Barrow, Alaska During the last week, longspurs have been fairly common, particularly males. No young birds have been seen on Sundra which seems unusual since the nests have been hatching during this time. Females are seen reasonably sometimes in small groups. Very few mixed (8-9) groups were noted. 15 July Barrow, Alaska. One immature seen near the south- end of Footpoint Lake. Since the cover is poor this year (due to an extremely wet year's - thereby having very little growth), possibly predation may be the cause for the number of immatures. 20 July Barrow, Alaska. During the last four days, several trips have been made to Footpoint Lake, A.A.C.S., and the Beak Ridge. During these trips, no young longspurs were seen. In fact, longspurs as a whole were scarce. On 16 July, 2 longspurs were caught in the traps, but they had

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Holmes, J. 1957 Calcaris lapponicus 20 July Barrow, Alaska been now in the traps since that date. Hardly any are seen on the tundra. 23 July Barrow, Alaska There still seems to be few of these birds on the tundra. A bird is seen here or there but not very occasionally. Dayway birds have been seen the last few days. 25 July Wainwright, Alaska Several young birds were noted near the village; however they were not very common. 28 July Pitt Point, Alaska Several present and scattered out on the tundra. No young birds were noted. 3 July Barrow, Alaska Very few of these birds are now seen; Dead individual are occasionally encountered. The birds have nearly completed the post-nuptial molt and have a brown wash over the head, which makes the males look very similar to the females 2 August Barrow, Alaska Several seen in that area. Mostly males.

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Holmes,R. 1959 Calcarius Lapponicus 4 August Barrow, Alaska Several seen in USTI's Area and flat country to the South. Two were caught in the traps, and there were nearing completion of the molt. 7 August Barrow, Alaska Flocks of 20-30 were noted both in the Olson Logon area & in the Fortfoot lake vicinity. There were seen 15-20 on the Tegon Tundra. Apparently by their moving (although the movement was not in one direction). 11 August Pitt Point, Alaska Many present. Flocks of 15-20 are present all over the tundra. All the birds seemed to be in flocks this morning, seemed to have completed their body and tail molt. 12 August Pitt Point, Alaska These flocks are still present and the birds seem to be the commonest one present. 14 August Pitt Point, Alaska Due to the heavy winds during the past two days, the numbers of seen seems to have diminished. This may be due to only a suppression of them

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Holme, R. 1959 Calcaires Happticus 17. 14 August Pitt Point, Alaska activities and surface are not seen as often. Fewer were caught in the tundra, also. 16 August Pitt Point, Alaska A few of these birds were noted today, but not like they were seen the first day or two. Also fewer were caught on the trap lines during the last 4 days. 19 August Barrow, Alaska These birds are present in small numbers. They seem to be scattered over the tundra; no concentration have been seen. 21 August Barrow, Alaska A few small groups seen the bottom of Fortprint Lake. These were feeding among the drift areas at the lake bottom (among the mussel, etc.). Very few were seen in the tundra. 24 August Barrow, Alaska Very few Longspurs have been noted in the Central Marsh- Beach Ridge Area. Occasionally a group 1-2 or 3 will be encountered, and also individuals are seen

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Holmes,R. 1959 Calcarites lapponicus 24 August Barrow, Alaska irregularly 26 August Barrow, Alaska Little bird activity was again observed in the Central Marsh area. Very few have been caught in the traplines here. 28 August Barrow, Alaska 6 seen in Footprint Lake and 2 on the area high polygons to the south of the lake. None seen since in both areas. 1 September Barrow, Alaska None have been seen during the past three days, and none have been caught in the traplines. 3 September Barrow, Alaska None have been seen during the last few days.

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Holmes, R 1966 Calcanis lapponicus 25 may Barrow, Alaska These birds were common on the sundra (when it was exposed). The flight song was (Grie) seven Amess during flight of pre-dawn evening. 30 may Barrow, Alaska wherever there as a large patch I exposed sundra, There an at least 1pr of Three longspurs. Several times during the evening, territorial conflicts were noted & chasing usually ensued. Males were seen displaying frequently. 1 June Barrow Alaska Much chasing, My 8 was noted. Territorial disputes were seen a several area of largely exposed sundra. This combat consisted of a chase by the settled 8; no physical combat was shown. 10 June Barrow, Alaska The number of birds present seen relatively low. The males are magnificently defending their territory, but 4t seen to be scarce. 17 June Barrow, Alaska A nest located in the drum area with Eggs. It was situated in a crack in one of the high polygon. The

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Holmrs,R, 1960 Calcanus laponicus 2. 17 June Barrow, Alaska ♀ became very excited and gave < Sheep, shrill note as she flicked back + forth. She also did a dishortic display where she lowered her wings which were spread out horizontally + downwards spread her rectrices. The wings were then gathered as she hopped about, excitedly. The number of longspurs seems less this year, and only < few nests have been found this year by anyone. 18 June - A flock 4-8? seen feeding at the beach ridge 23 June Hervaville (Barrow), Alaska There appears to be about 3 pair at the plot (40 acres). Only 1♂ was heard displaying. 29 June - A nest found just west of the Butler building containing 6 young, which are nearly fledged. 2 July - a few pairs are still seen in plot but active display has completely stopped. Also single or one often seen + sometimes 2-3 may be feeding together. 7 July Barrow, Alaska Several broods / young were seen today

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Holmes,R. 1968 Calcarinus laponicus 3. 7 July Barrow, Alaska most were in the vicinity of the drum area. 18 July - Longspurs are now seen only occasionally and most there one juvenile or molting adults. 23 July Middle River, Alaska Numerous longspurs were present around the village & funders at the coal mine. The maigths were 7+ young, but a few molting 7's were also present. 26 July Barrow, Alaska Longspurs are fairly rare around here now. They are seen only occasionally. 29 July - Several 7+ immature were noted in the dried portions of Central Marsh. Most there were feeding on the old cat sticks & rats. 2 August - Many were noted today on the flow of Footprint Lake. There appears to be 7+, juveniles, + molting 7's present. All were feeding among the grasses. Estimate - No. 1/2 F.T. Pond - 200+ longspurs.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Calcaris lapponius 4. 3 August Barrow - So. Barrow 3, Alaska Numerous birds were again seen in Fortypoint lake. Others were also seen in Dry lake, but very few were actually present at the fundera - where only an occasional bird was noted. One albino (Tuv.) bird was collected. South Moon. Lake (see Make - for specimen data). 15 Aug Barrow, Alaska During the past weeks, occasional birds have been observed in the fundera. Several were caught at the Bear Molyr in the traps. 25-Aug - Very few are now seen, occasionally one will be caught in the traps. 30 Aug - a few scattered individuals seen today below Central Marsh

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Holmes, R. 1961 Calcarum longipennis 3 June Barrow, Alaska Longspun again numerous. ♂♀ singing everywhere. Pairing does not seem to be complete, since chosen involving 3 or 4 birds an occasional seen (i.e. 2 ♂♂ chasing ♀, etc.), but in many cases a ♂ + ♀ are encountering together with no other nearby. 4 June - Numerous birds seen today. 1 pair was seen copulating (L#1086 & #1087). The ♂ stood on the ♀ with his wings held back + out, it like Dracula display/ to oval. His head was held high apparent. His wing were used in balance. 7 June Longspun seen abundant near Voth's areas. Pairs are generally settled, but a flock of 6-8 ♂♂ was observed — (location). They were not chased by a paired ♂ nearby, but they may have been off the territory. 10 June I met found near Voth's area - with 5 eggs. Another not found, just S. (Brother's) area with 4 eggs. 12 June Above nests are still intact - with the same complement of eggs. ♂♂ are continuing to display; ♀♀ are mostly incubating. 21 June Another nest with 6 eggs in some rafter of ground, halfway to The new campsite (in Voth's area) - also observed.

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Holmes,R 1960 Calcanius lapponicus 24 June Barrow, Alaska a nut was found in the cracked edge 1< polygon, south wolf. cloudy. Yggp + 2 Was incubating. 3-5 singing as starting to drop off; only two songs were heard today. 4 July A few seen - The B.R. census plot, but no young or nests found. The number been seen to be lower than last year, but were relatively good. Two fledgling seen flying near Volk Road. The nest near the N. end (The road - from a June 10 - failed - destroyed? - also There was a woodcock just west of the road. The nest near The aerial town- was destroyed by A.F. Whalen. 7 July Flying young seen No. 1 boths are. - little activity. 15 July Very little activity has been noted. Occas. Adults are seen, including 3-5 in seemingly good plumage. No brood-failed young have been noted recently, and birds generally appears to be scarce. 24 July None seen - The No. 20 acre 1 plot B.R. plot during Perfection. 26 July - Small groups 1-3-4 seen between Footprint Ftwork + again near The wanigan.

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Holmes, R. 1961 Calcarius lagganicius 2 Aug Barrow, Alaska a small group 8-10 seen near Re Wanga at 2hrn. appeared to be all jiv. 9 Aug Sev. seen between camp + Premaid plots. 11 Aug Quite a number (30+) seen near Re ookpit census plat. 15 Aug Longspurs seen quite common - Refunds with individuals - Small groups 3-5 per fank regularly.

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Holms, R. 1962 Colcarius lassonicus 28 may Barrow, Alaska Tholks of 12887: 148; 688; 2288; 398 + 15887 Seen on the open areas near Volk + Denali Ridge. Two or Three Single birds were also noted and several aerial display were performed - The bird in full song. 29 may - 10887: 14 near Elson-Wohlscley - 50v. indiv. 88 along the beach ridge - seemed to be spaced out. - 2see with 48 - as it paired. Several individuals seen so. f. Wohl. Slope + NNDl Oktspik. Snow fleet 86 near 15th Area. 30 may - Mud Singing today - m matte when - The funda - Largosum cover behind. We flock see today - all pro findwi. 87. One combat worse both 287 - finals / closed North off. 1 june Small flocks seen along Elson Bluffs - & numerous scattered individuals 87 again. Several 8-8 encounters were noted where the frosts, con Chamoon loo (The around are The funda + occasionally, comes into physical contact with each other - in quite aggressive maneuvers. 2 june Numerous pair + individuals seen. Seven 8-8 closes. - Meer display

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Helmaes, P. 1962 Calcaris lapponicus 3 June Barrow, Alaska Pairs & individuals seen along Elson lagoon & at scattered places of tressment on the beach ridge & near Oth area. 4 June - 7 seen with 10-15 percent grass in its bill (cross-way) - he lifted the red pen or stem & lowered his level - fiercely setting them down & flying off. The 2 looked standing - less than 6' away - but apparent paying no attention. - courtship? - no nest or nest cup was found in the vicinity. 5 June - 1 seen with a degree percent vegetation - 2-3" long - held cross-way in his bill - he was coming over the top - flew - me & was nearby. He would raise them up - head high to the lower part, the ground - then went a 3-4 time - before to drop them & fly off. 9 June - No flocks have been seen for several days - oceanal 8 to 8 conflict our noted. Malt birds are seen in pairs & there is still much singing going on. Nest located S W of Britton's Area (75' east / south salt lagoon + 100 yards w. of U.D. road - (in low with Kaff's flagged stake) - now with an old stake - 6' to the east. This nest contained 5 eggs at 1400 & was located on the south

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Holmes, H. 1962 3. Calcarius lapponicus 9 June Barrow, Alaska side (just below De edg.) 1 = relatively low polygon. A second nest was found in the North side 1 barrel ridge - 10' west 1 U.S. road + 20' north 1 The por 1 barrels - Stone at 8' to the east) - on west side 1 medium- sized polygon - contained 6 eggs with 2 incubating at 1500. 13 June Another nest in Britton's Area - 30' west 1 road - 10' N. of Poly, in Britton's Are - 6 eggs. Previous nest in Britton's Are - still has 5 eggs. 16 June 2 nests reported by McNamara - 1 near Stalk line a cornel B.R. - with 5 eggs + 1 stone! [sketch of toggle hook and toggle loop] Another - 100 yards away - 20 June One - G495 (3.0-3.1) 21 June Two nests located in census plot to Churchill 5:16 p.m. Birds general scarce or at least not displaying - due to storm wind.

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Holmes,R, 1962 Calcarius lapponicus 24 June Barrow, Alaska Nests in no plots were all active - 97 were incubating. Another nest found - set into a moss cup - with 5 eggs. Several displaying (singing) > 26 June 3 Longspur nests 1) in CenlewSage Area /B.R.- 2 eggs + 4 young 2)

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Holmes, R. 1962 Calcaris lagopodius 17 Aug Barrow, Alaska Small flocks of 10-15 encountered frequently on the 4th - distant - VFR marsh areas. Note There are marked adults (immatures or perhaps be moving?) not settled 21 Aug The large flocks are no longer seen - only small groups 1-4 birds - scattered out on the tundra.

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Holmes,R 1963 Calcanis lapponica 27may Barrow, Alaska Longspun now scattered over the tundra - mostly in singles (8?) or in pairs (8+4). Two chases between males were noted. Several adventury songs were heard. Activity seems light. 28 may - frequent in drum areas near Sod. Not much singing going -- but several or so chases have been noted. 30 may Still the most abundant bird on the Tundra but singing is not yet intense. Occasional chases are seen -- (before 2 8:30). 2 June - The nest cannot be at all open patches / tundra visited today -- Trip to Shroud - most birds appeared as pairs. 7 June Nest building by $ - carrying feathers & Nest under Overhang was along a low flat-top yot's jun - Telse bluff p. Capercaillie seen several times during the Day. 8 June Nest with 5 eggs + sitting $ on side of mound 16' off cakewaker Road near Trapline III A+B. 12 June Nest with 6 eggs + one $ - on Removal Plot (Bison) - on west side of road, with overhanging preci y sod.

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RT4 1963 Calcarius lappanica 17 jun Barrow, Alaska Numm. a throat came plot but dutch turnwind Sandpiper activity Presently birds were not concerned. One put looked new 4.1 - with 6 eggs + inc. 4. - Not looked inside half of mass - what had been hollowed out - probably by a lemming. 26 jun Next new Caueab rood - fonda & jene- now saw - it seem fauler - your new fledge! - Served (2-4) 357 ar now see together - cello feeding or hanging around a f. 29 jun Nuth - plot were intact - doubt it is with your eggs : I net had been destroyed - Swee me whole nesting was returned- lagin saved webe away, for where the net had been - jaegan ? 1 flying fledgling seen near 1 footprint Lake. 3 july C R N E - three brood? 1 fledgling from new woods or slope - it can not fly yet. 5 July Nuth - B. Rich came plot checked - nests- were empty - I catenel your - see evers sheets. Snow did not de to do much harm.

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Holmes 1963 Calcaris laggan 24 July Bemont, Alaska Hatching dates for nests - Census plots - on a census sheets. All birds have been fledged now for two weeks or more. Adults are molting & staying in the forest, fragments of small flocks. 4 Aug. Flocks 15-30, seen near plot - moving across upland tundra. 9 Aug. Large flocks 15-30, often breed ridges - feeding on upland habitat. 18 Aug. Small flocks of adults & juveniles mostly upland.

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Holmes R.T. 1964 Calcaria lapponicus 4 June Barrow, Alaska several pairs noted in the drum area - very with aerial activity. 8 June Population noted by pair at Pitcher's Point - next to fruit label (stone 3 or 4?). 12 June & canopy not material - No. b. ridge 13 June Nest with 4 eggs on B.R. - Boxes sound in Ybans. - Exposed - 100% open - between sweet Snail Moss - lichen hummocks. 14 June Above nest with 5 eggs today. 18 June Nest - N.B.R. near fallen blockbox - 5 eggs " " - new beverage antenna - 6 eggs 20 June Nest - " - west Ybans - 5 eggs 24 June Nest a b.r. ne-4 drums (see 13 June) - gone - no sign of adult - Inc. 4+ eggs were present four days ago - Maybe predated by wandering Parasitic jayer. 26 June Nest with 3 eggs on B.R. - curt, new beverage antenna.

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Holmes, R 1959 Plectrophenax nivalis 4 June Barrow, Alaska This bird was noted frequently among the buildings and road areas. It was not seen back along the ridge. 5 June Barrow, Alaska Several seen chasing each other and uttering a guttural note. Also the males are seen sitting atop a pole, snow bank of a building and singing a bubbling-type song. Cupulet was seen twice (in 2 different pairs). At 1330, one female was seen carrying twigs or pieces of grass. At 1930, the males were seen to fly about 50 feet into the air and then float on outstretched wings for 30-35 feet, and then they would either fly up & repeat the performance again or they would fly to the ground. This is in contrast to the longspure crubeit normally float all the way to the ground.

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Halmier,R 1959 Plectrophenax nivalis 2. 6 June Barrow, Alaska Many birds seen around ARL and surrounding bldgs. The & were singing from the building tops. No other breeding activity was noted. Several were also seen in the Voth Area, S.W. of A.R.L. 7 June Barrow, Alaska. Several noted in the Drum area at 1130 but no activities besides feeding was evident. Therein the base were singing. 9 June Barrow, Alaska These birds are still abundant in the base and in the adjoining drum area. Today, 2 & were seen chasing a female. When the & was feeding, the 2 males fed, but if she would fly off the males took off in pursuit and at this time fought among themselves. One would attack the other (while on the wing). Conflict was not seen when the birds were on the ground. Apparently territory setup has not begun yet.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Plectrophenax nivalis 3. June Barrow, Alaska 1400-1600. Several birds which appeared to be paired were noted in The Vrth Area. One & was collected which contained ova up to 8mm. 10 June Barrow, Alaska. These birds seem to be paired if now, for very few individuals are seen. The & & are often seen chasing each other across the tundra. As a rule, however, the P is the one in pursuit. 11 June Barrow, Alaska These birds all seem to be paired now, and there are frequent chases across the tundra. Often the P will chase either other P or & and the & will often chase other &. There are rather noisy chases and may last for several seconds? 12 June Barrow, Alaska One female (accompanied by a male) was seen carrying nesting material. They were on top of The Barber shop - but across the "street" from the A.R.L. One pair was seen to copulate. They were both standing on a patch of 2ft. sized tundra.

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Holmes, R 1939 Plectrophenax nivalis 4. 15 june Barrow, Alaska Several pairs are building nests around the base. One is located under the roof of the Narta shop. Another is on a stack of tires behind a shed about 30 yards behind ABL. The nest was composed of straw, sticks, grass and mud. No eggs had been laid by this morning. The mud appeared to be stuck on the pieces of grass and it was probably not put there intentionally. At 1330, there were still no eggs in the nest. Also, none at 2200. 17 june Barrow, Alaska The nest in the stack of tires contained 2 eggs at 1100. The pair were not present nor near the nest at this time. 18 june Barrow, Alaska The above nest contained 3 eggs at 1000. 19 june Barrow, Alaska The nest contained 4 eggs at 1200. These birds are still seen frequently in pairs and nesting may not be completely underway yet. However, most pairs probably have begun their nesting. The males can be heard singing throughout the tundra at all times during the day.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Plectrophanax aiivilas 21 June Barrow, Alaska The nest in the trees now has 6 eggs, and the female is incubating. Several pairs are still seen flying and cheering over the tundra. 25 June Barrow, Alaska The hunting are now paired off and are seen only occasionally. The males singing have slowed down with song heard occasionally. The nest in the trees still contains 6 eggs. 30 June Barrow, Alaska The nest in the trees still contain 6 eggs; none are hatching yet. 3 July Barrow, Alaska 0900 - All young have hatched from the nest in the trees. The young have a considerable amount of feathers for just having hatched. 6 July Barrow, Alaska These birds were common today, especially among the many drums where are stocked behind A.R.I.. Both males and females were present, and both were feeding. Several were seen under plumes, apparently molt is underway.

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Himes,R 1959 7 July Barrow, Alaska These birds are still quite common over the tundra and especially near man-made dwellings or among the drums, etc. One male was singing behind the hut for about half an hour during the evening. Another was heard singing near AHCs in the afternoon. The birds are still often seen in pairs. 8 July Barrow, Alaska A nest was found on the east side of The Butler Building, which contained 7 eggs. Also the "alarm or destruction" note was heard in some hunting just east from the hut who apparently had gone out. 12 July Barrow, Alaska The two nests (one on west side of the Butler building and one in tins) both have young which are about ready to leave the nest. 16 July Barrow, Alaska A few birds are seen on the tundra. Especially near Britton's area are more able. Singing has not been heard recently

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Holmes R. 1957 Plectrophenax nivalis 20 July Barrow, Alaska Very few of these birds were seen during the last 3 or four days. Even around in how they see some. Do young have been strewel recently. One male was heard last night as he gave parts this song. 23 July Barrow, Alaska. Two juveniles were seen unnecessarily behind the lab. Otherwise, none have been seen. Even the adults are now rarely observed. 25 July Wainwright, Alaska Several broods were noticed around the village. They have been out for a couple 1 weeks, and the young are now active in the smoke - gray plumage. 28 July P.T. Point Alaska Several seen near POW 1. 31 July Barrow, Alaska Three were seen near Freshwater Lake. Otherwise none were seen during the time spent in the field. 3 August Baaake Point, Alaska Three were seen chasing on Colter Island, about four mile E/ Barake Point

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Holmes,R 1959 Plectroptera nivalis 8. 5 August Barrow, Alaska About 16 were present along the road adjacent to freshwater logjam. They were flying back and forth between the logjam & the dumps. 11 August Pitt Point, Alaska A few are seen around the base. 15 August Pitt Point, Alaska Around the base, is the only place where these birds are now seen. There seems to be the remain (a family) group which stay around in the area. No others are seen. 20 August Barrow, Alaska Very few have been noted during the last 2 days here at Barrow. 3 were seen near freshwater logjam this evening. 24 August Barrow, Alaska 3 seen along freshwater logjam and 2 seen behind API. 26 August Barrow, Alaska Several seen around the base and among the dump. None have been seen out a fly tundra away from these areas.

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Holmes, 8 1953 Plechophenax nivalis 9 28 August Barrow, Alaska One bird found dead on the west side. 1 footprin t cake. Apparently its head had become lodged among the tracks (cleats?) a discarded sword track. 31 August Barrow, Alaska Three seen along the short / middle saltwater lagoon and 6 seen in camp. 3 September Barrow, Alaska Two seen near Middle saltwater lagoon and three in Votri's Area. Otherwise they seen rather scarce. 5 Sept. Barrow Alaska A flock of 12 seen along the short / middle saltwater lagoon. One seen at A.P.C.

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Holmes,R 1966 28 may Barrow, Alaska These birds are now common around the base and singing and fighting was noted several times. Apparent territories are already established. 30 may Barrow, Alaska. These can be heard singing all around camp and in Britton's tree & occasional other fundra localities. There appear to be little territorial defense at this time. One bird was watched for an hour, and no encounters were made during this time. Its main activity was singing from 4 feet behind to 10 feet with occasional flights to a few hundred feet. The female was nearby, but no associative war observed. 1 June Barrow, Alaska. Much fighting was seen today in the vicinity of ARL. Three birds, 2♂+1♀ were involved, but the ♀ was not very active. The 2♂ were "wrestling" around on the ground & the pursuer ran after in an aerial chase. This went on for nearly 10 minutes, while 1♂ flew off & the pursuer never he joined the ♀

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Holmes,R. 1960 15 june Barrow, Alaska To continue to sing vigorous from the poles & building around camp. Nest have not been found yet this year, but understand they are now nesting. Birds are seen quite commonly in Voln & Britta's area and along the beach ridge. 23june - Skvoich, Alaska None how been seen here (dun the last 2 days we have been here). 29 june Barrow, Alaska Two nests found around the town. One is in the tower behind the Aerology building. The young were partly grown (number unknown). The second nest was under the roof of a quaint hut just across from the C B building. 7 july Barrow, Alaska Nest 1 The young are now out - both brown. The lot put nest after 18july- Snow Buntings are now seen only around the dumps. Four are quite common 25 july Many! The young are now out I can't see most common Arctic Drummer present at the dump.

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Holmes P. 1960 Olectropterus nivalis 30 July Barrow, Alaska Very few have been seen during the past few days. Occasionally, individuals of young are seen near the dump areas or in camp, but not at the tundra. 15 Aug - None have been noticed since the last two weeks. 25 Aug Several individuals seen near the dump areas. Most / Then now have completed their molt. 3 Sept Several Slakes noted today. On / about 25 birds were along VOT Creek. About 15 were flying back + forth around The Fortpoint Gate. Another group / 8 were near the NW slope / Skravik.

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Holmes,R. 1961 Plectrophenax nivalis 3 June Barrow, Alaska Several birds singing in camp. 1 pr wistka The Weasel mean Eleonloga when I was staggies. 7 June Burhing continue to be common with numerous birds seen in Voth's Britton's area (t several at Okraile yesterday). They seem to be fewer in camp this year - but this might be due to greater disturbance. 13 June Bows still quite active at the funden, specially near Voth's area - but also at Skroovil where a pair is apparent going to use the (wangja for a nest site. 17 June Not found in LVT tracker - (on vehicle tracker) - behind APC building - 6 eggs. 4 July Steel present around camp, partial song heard today. 6 July Flying young seen around camp to The drum area. 7 July Flying young seen near Voth's base. 10 July The nest in the LVT tracker - centaview 3 - almost flooded young - There were Weasels. A nest in the observed not weasels' favor, so (The lot (Aerolog) - carried 2 young, one of which was killed. The other flew away - The Adults here were very excited and birds (079 & Murphy in Vang) - it became woisted.

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Holmes,R 1961 Plectrophenax nivalis 16juls Barrow, Alaska A few still seen around camp. Both Adult + juveniles are present. No Singing has been heard. 19 July - 1 partible song heard here at De bore 2 Aug - See occa among 1+ drums a near The gravel area, No. of Britton's tree. 18 Aug - See around Dr camp Edman Octoceratids - not too commonly.

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Holmes,R. 1962 Plectrophenax nivalis 28 may Barrow, Alaska Pairs seen chasing around the camp & several songs have been heard. Individuals & pairs are seen near Voln area - near Family Layon + 18. Singing was at The Wanjia at Skroank. 29 may - Float of 15 near Voln area - mostly 88 - 187 singing - cubs that evening. 30 may - Several pairs "investigating" the Wease for possible nesting site & a float/ 6 seen near Voln. Sun. 1 mo & see doing an aerial display - gliding & sun or cut-stretched wings singing. 1 June Snow float / 5878?; ? 23 - sec - 7ls - fl.-th. Several pairs seen in Briton & Voln area. + a snow pile about 4 88? 1 shy head. 2 June 3 birds singing in camp - several - tundra near Elson Layon 3 June Scattered birds near Elson Layon 9 June Many birds around Camp at the tundra - 877 heard singing frequently. 14 June Pt. without at wanny - in an area - no eggs yet.- Also 208m 875? - vicinity. 20 June Nest at Skroank wanny with 6 eggs - 2 incubating, 1 being fledged by 8. 1 July Skroank nest with 5 young & 2 eggs at 2000. 879 alternative.

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Holmes, R 1962 Plectrophenax nivalis 9 July Barrow, Alaska Sels still feeding young in loaning with. 12 July Young as out but many are still being fed by the parents. The young at the Warrens were seen on a nest in 1967. 1 Day Small group of young & adults are on penis Brilin; three - ? other (complete) on the coast (i.e. the camp). 6 July Many juveniles seen around camp + dump area, but range fundra. 29 Aug (Mottled-white 'downy' young - just able to fly - seen in the gravel level 1 mi so.1 Point Barrow. No other noted. 2 Day Only a few molting individuals as now seen & then on all near camp & in drum area.

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Holmes, R. 1963 Plectrophenax nivalis 27 May Barry, Alaska One 8? Sengy in camp. Two pairs seen - 1 day not bred yet, one near Elsa Loga. Not feeding by probing in the mossy tundra. 28 May Several semi drum areas near Britten's area. 1 June Sengy 8? in camp, & seen Caverger nesting material yesterday. Numerous pairs on E1son bluff - feeler - inspect weasel, etc. 12 Jun & Caverger nut - material into old wood fowl - south east / Frost Lake. 24 July Duntiyp have been seen frequently in the recently / the camp & down area. One pair noted near the Shrand Cunningham - juveniles are out & flaying now.

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Holmes, R. 1959 Acanthis flammea 3 June So. of Fairbanks, Alaska These were seen frequently all the way from Fairbanks so. to within 20 miles of Paxson. 4 June Unniat, Alaska Several seen at the landing strip - flying overhead 5 June Barrow, Alaska Several seen near Nunawk. 8 June Barrow, Village, Alaska I seen so. of village. 15 June Barrow, Alaska. A pair was seen just east of the drum area. They were of the type known as The Hoary Redpoll. However in light I present opinion, This can be considered the same as The Common Redpoll (A. flammea) 17 June Barrow, Alaska At least 12 birds were present on the drum area between 1830 and 1145. They were seen feeding among the large area of dried grasses. 19 June Barrow, Alaska Several seen along the beach ridge and in the drum area. 23 June Barrow, Alaska A flock of 8 was noted near the beach ridge and also

23 June. Barrow, Alaska near The drum area. They were flying sporadically, would settle and then fly again. Chorus among snowbirds The gray was quite common. 24 June. Barrow, Alaska Several more groups of 6-12 birds were seen flocking over the tundra. They would fly from one area to another, stop and feed, and then move on again. Definite pairs are seldom noted. 30 June. Barrow, Alaska Several seen around tundra and around The base. The birds seem to be paired off now. 6 July. Barrow, Alaska Several noted in the drum area and near AAC.S. They were all seen in pairs. 10 July. Barrow, Alaska One pair seen in the drum area.

Holme.R, 1961 Acanthis flammea 8 June Banov, Alaska Three seen together in the gravel area near fresh lakes. 9 June -4 seen in same area as above. 3 July -nest reported by Dr. Folk - to be near the west end / camp - or construct materials - near Bear. - "eggs". 5 July - nest with young reported by J. Kelly near De NE end ? The airport on a pile ? Topes. - with just-hatched young. 7 July 1 nest per Bear at W. end / camp - reported described - young dead in nest - Folk.

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Holmo,R 1963 Acanthu 58 15 jun Barrow, Alaska Sweet Snail flock 3-10 birds aln feet (wre - 2(pair?) a shrub Census plot. 21 june Sweet - Shrub plot - mostly hard flyngon-- 1 - ground. 25 jun i here - plot, 2 for new area - AACS. 10 july Guy 13-4 aln feet lone

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Holmes, R. 1960 Acanthis "hornemanni" 5 June Barrow, Alaska I heard flying over ARL. 28 July - Several have been seen during last several days - near Fisk Lake. These have been seen feeding along the shore of the lake in the ponds across the road. Several were also seen at Meade River Coal Mine on 23 July.

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RTH 1963 North Elsa Removal 27 May Barrow, Alaska Began removal / birds from tundra along Elsa Lagoon - between Brant Pt. & area - 100 yards no. 1 World's Day - see next page. BIRDS TAKEN TODAY 2 quails (87) 2 ♀ melantos 1 ♂ algein - at south end 29 May - 25 Ps - Seen - no / wave. 2 BS. - . near Brant Pt. 1 June 25 Ps. 1 collected - Not blocked

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RTH 1963 N.E. Rennall 12 June Barrow, Alaska A1B - are not required - C - coll. 1 PPs - who had chased Sea (3) Brick, ever time to the north. D - 2 RT - 1 Ps - down - you have been in one cell alone E - 1RD display - [illegible] coll. 1 RT - coll. 17 June - Tooth I displaying PS - c? from C - Saw 1 RB - c - but could not collect 23 June - NoB - Tooth I 8 PPs SoC - Saw 10 Ps - chasing 3 wanderer - when 1 RD displayed timefly. 26 June - So.C - 1 collected - 8 PPs No.D - 1 8PPs - chasing a group 19 - seven groups of PS near 1RB - soon

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R.T. Holmes 1964 Stomael Contents 15 June - Barrow, Alaska C. melanotos - ♀ Maclean # 231. Ad. Small fragments of Staph. beetle (1+) + Spider (1+) 64-1 - F.A.P. - ♀ C. fascicollis 2 Tipula cavifrons - med. 3 Carabid beetle - Ad 1 spider 64-2 - FAP - ♀ C. fascicollis 12 Pedicia - lge 1 lge Promocera 3 spiders 1+ Ad. Staph. 64-3 - FAP - ♀ C. fascicollis 4 m. Tipula , 2 Pedicia - lge 1 spider 1 Ad. Staph 64-4 - FAP - ♀ C. fascicollis 5 lge Promocera 1 spider, 1 Ad. Staph Tryngites subruficollis - Logsdon, # 64-1 1 m. Pedicia - small in size 3 Carab. Beetles - Ad 2 Staph r - Ad 4 spiders

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RT4 1964 Stomach Contents - PAP # 64-5 C. fuscorcollis 1 Staph. 1 m-Tipula 64-6 C. fuscorcollis 1 lge, 3m Tipula 1 coral. as. -? 64-7 Tryngites subruficollis 1 lge Tipula 1 sm. muscid (awa 3 lge Pedicia 1 Ad Chironomid -? (med. severa - Dyptera) 1 pupae. Dpt (muscid)- 3 Stage Ad 2 Spider 64-8 T. subruficollis Staph. Ad. (Sex). fragments, 1 ad Carabid 1 "fly" wing 1 lge Tipula sev bits / green vegetation 64-9 C. fuscorcollis 1 spider, 1 stage Ad 64-10 C. millecollis 4 sm Chir (un- 2 Pedicia - 1st Somata mollissime-vigra - Lonsda 64-3

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Rift 1964 Stanislav Carvut Baran, (Hesra) -Samatenia - cm^11 50+ lgy Chronomid larv. 30+ lgy Trichoptera larvae (Cerataea) per seeds, per = [illegible]. FAP 64-11 - C. [illegible] 1 spider, 15 stage 2nd. 6 lgy Pedicia 64-12 - C. fusucollis 2+ Ad. Staph 1 spider 64-13 - T. subruficollis 8+ spider 2+ Ad. Staph, 4+ Ad. Carab. (many beetle fragments) 64-14 - T. subruficollis 2 spiders, 1+ Ad. Staph. 64-15 - C. fusucollis 5 spiders 26 intact lgy Pedicia (larvae) (cel 13-16m) 10+ old Pedicia skins 2 lgy Prionorus (21, 22 mm) 64-16 - C. fusucollis 1 Ad. Carabid 8 - old Pedicia skins, 19 Pedicia

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Holmes, R. 1964 Stomach Contents Barrow, Alaska June - Polysticta Stellari - Logsdon 64-4 - old nothing distinguishable FAP-64-17? C. melanthos - empty June 24 Calcarius lapponicus - 12 lgi (13-16mm) Pedicia larrae 6 spider 5 Chironomida larvae (all ~5 mm) 1 Ad. Staph. RTT-2304 - Phalangus - Vegetation fragments June 23 FAP-64-18 - C. melanth 1 Pedicia pupa , (+3 microtini teeth) 2 Ad Stages 1 Ad. Carab 1 Spider 1 Muscid pupa 64-19 - Phalangus, bits / macerated vegetation 1 chrysomelid beetle June 24 Logsdon 64-5. - Squatula 1 Dytiscid Ad. 8 Prioninae pupae 13 Pedicia larvae 2+ Tricyrtidae larvae

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RTH 1964 Stomach Contents June 24 Tenaza 155 - Tryngites 16 lge Tipula pupae (mostly shrin) 2 ad Carabids 1 spider FAP 64-20 - Tryngites Fragment 1 Coleopter ad (Stagl + Carabid) FAP 64-21 - Tryngites - 2+ muscid pupae - 1 snail ad. digbien (wey) 2 spiders June 25 FAP 64-22 Tryngites - 1 lge Tipula 3 Ad. Carabid. 3 lge Pedleii 1 Ad. Anomysid 1 lge mus ad Lava 1 ... pupa H.E. Child 5650 - Tryngites 1 Ad. Stagl j /AA Carabid 1 larv. muscia 1 lge larval Sawfly-Tenmidnius 1 snail ad. dept. wings 1 Ad. Hemiptera FAP-64-23 Tryngites 2 lge Tipula larvae 1 Ad. Stagl 1 muscid larva SV. vegetal propoets

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Holve, P. Stomod centerb 25 June Barrow, Alaska RTH - 2405 - Tryngites 1 Pedicis larva 3 Lyg. Tipula larva, 1 Tipula pupa 1 snail ad. wing ; 1 ad. anthomyid 1+ Ad. cambid ; 1 spider Macken 239 - C. canutus - Footprint (larva origin) - many, 100+ snails (O - caulisic) prunir-reddil pugal cuea. FAP 64-24 - Phalaenus 1 Dytscaarty 4 Pedicia Stains FAP 64-26 - Tryngites 1 chryso. Ad 2+ Carab. Ad 4 Lyg. Pedicis 1 la Tipula RTH - @2406 - C. fuscicollis 1 Cardi. Ad 3+ Tipula pupae 4 mynaid larva. RTH- 2407 - C. fuscicollis - Empty FAP 64-25 - Tryngites 6 Stagia larva 2+ Ad. Carab 2+ Ad. Hemiptera 2 Ad. Reptosmnel. Wip

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RTH 1964 Stomach Contents 28 June Bannockburn RTT-2468 - C. fuscicollis 1 + Ad. Carabid many fragments - beetle? 240g. C. fuscicollis 2 spiders 4 Pedicis gregae 29 June HEC 5663 - C. fuscicollis 1t Carabid Ad 2 + Ad. Diptera (wiry) .5m 1 + Ad. Chrysomelid 3 + man frag. Ad. Staph HEC 5664 - C. fuscicollis 3 + man frag. Ad. Staph 1x Ad. Tipulids (eggs) HEC 5665 - C. fuscicollis 1+ Ad. Chrysomelid 2 spiders 1 Ad. Tip. (eggs) Maclean 244- C. fuscicollis 3 + Ad. Staph, 1 Ad. Chrysidid 30 June FAP-64-32 C. [illegible] 2+ mem frag - Ad. Staph 3+ spider 1 sn. wing

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RT4 1964 Stnord Caribut 29 June RTH-2410 - C. basicipennis 3 ly Tipula pupae 1 Ad Cerat 1 Ad Staph RTH-2411 c. basicipennis 25 larval Chironomids - (15-18mm) 1 larval muscid 30 June Maclean - T. subruticollis 1 Pedicia pupa 1 muscid pupa 1 spider FAP 64-33 T, subruticollis Tryngites 1 Ad. Tipula 16+ Ad. Staph 1+, Carabid Ad 6+Ad Chironomids 2 ly Tipula slens 3+ spider 4 unidentified small Diptera 1 Mycetophylhid FAP 64-34 - Tryngites subruticollis 2+ spiders 9 Ad. Tipula 2 Ad. Hymenoptera 2+Ad. Chironomids 2 Ad. Mycetophylhids 1 Ad Sawfly; 1 larval sawfly 6+ Ad. Staph. 1 larval Tipula

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RTH 1964 Stomach Content 30 June FAP 64-35 - Tryngites subruficollis 1+ Carabid Ad. 1 Sawfly Ad. 1 spider 2 larva 10+ Ad-Staph 4 Ad. Staph. Anthomyiads. 6?uncle small Diptera 2 Ad Chrysoniids FAP 64-36 - Tryngites subruficollis 1 Ad. Schiner, 1 Ad sawfly 4+ Ad-Staph 1 spider 1 Ad Tipula + 6? wings - Sm Ac. Dipt. RTH - 2412. - Tryngites 5 Ad. Carabids 1 Ad Chrysomelid 3+ Spiders 1?y. Pectin larva 3 Ad Staph. 1 July RTH-2413 C. fuscicollis 1 spider 1+ Staph Nd 1 ? Sm ad. Diptera 1 Ad Pedicia 1 Ad. Carabid.

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1 July RTH. 2414 - C. fuscacollis 1 Ad. Anthomyid 2+ Ad. Stega 2+ Ad. Carabid 1 lanal pedicia ; 1 pyg.al muscid 1 Ad Tipule 3 sm ad. Diptera 4 Spiders FAP 64-37 - Tryngites subruficollis C. fuscacollis 3+ many hug Ad. Stega, 3+ " - Esoicides 18n. ad. Diat. - wing FAP. 64-38 - T. Subruficollis 1 Chrysomelidae 1+ stagl Ad Many typuled egg. someleg broppel 1 8n Ad Pott. ovip. 1 Ad. Depteron (hem, pter) FAP-64-39 - T. Subruficollis 1 Ad. Chrysomela, 2 Ad Pedicia 1 Ad. Chironomid + 3? sm.ad. Dipt. 1+ many fragments -- stagl Ad 1 Ad. chironomid

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FAP 64-40 - Tryngites subruficollis 1+ Ad Tipulid 3+ many frag. Ad. Staph 2+ Ad. Carabid FAP 64-41 - T. subruficollis 1 lge Tipula larva ; 1 muscid pupa 6+ many frag. Ad. Staph 3 Ad. Chironomies 4 ? Ad. Diptera - small 1 Sawfly larva 1 Ad. .. 1 Ad. Tipula FAP 64-42 - C. fuscorcollis 3 Ad. Stages 1 Larval Trichocera 1 Ad. Carabus 1 specis R74-2415 C. fuscorcollis 2+ Ad. Stages 1 pecul muscid 1 Ad. Carabid 1 Ad Tipula

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RTH 1964 Stomachs 2 July RTH - 2416 - Tityus subruficollis 2 Lg Tipula larva 2 Lg Ad. Scalety ov Bracunius. 3+ Ad. Staph 3? Ad - seevid 2 spiders RTH - 2417 - T. subruficollis many frag of Stage Ads -(10-15?) 3 sm ? ad. Diptera [Sev. microtric teeth] 1+ Carab. Ad. 2 spiders 1 Ad. Anomyid 1 Saw fly larva RTH - 2418 - T. subruficollis 1 Ad Bracunid 2+ Ad Carabid 1+ Ad Tipulia many frag. Ad. Staph (10E) 6+ Ad. Diptera Hyltononceran 1 med. larva Tipula 2 spiders

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1964 Egg Weights June 19 C. melanosts - collected - So. 1 Van's Area 36.3 35.8 36.1 35.7 -22.9 -22.9 -22.9 22.9 13.4 12.9 13.2 12.8 (8mm Embryo) - 3-4-5 day June 22 C. bairdii - collected v-drum area. 25.6 25.4 25.4 24.9 -15.9 -15.9 -15.9 -15.9 9.7 9.5 9.5 9.0 - grams

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R. Holmes 1959 - 1964 Species Accounts – Part 4 Mammals

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Holmes, R. 1960 Lemmus Barrow, Alaska -all observation made between 28 May and 30 June have been recorded in the journal. 1 July Kernavik (Barrow), Alaska During the past couple of weeks since the snow cover has been gone, fewer and fewer animals have been seen. The amount of digging has increased as the permafrost table has lowered, and today it was especially noted that hunnels are now deep + appear to go North at least 1-2 feet with the ploysms. The runways are now well used and are prominent feature in the tundra landscape. 4 July - The amount of shredding / the mess is most striking, Miss! This work seems to have been done during the winks and now this cut maker has turned loose while the new growth + uncut mass is great. In some areas, it is possible to put up huge masses of shredded mess which have been worked over by the animals. In other area whose debris I moss toths

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Holmes, R. 1960 Lemmus 4 July Skroavik, Alaska areas a The trap/ polygon have been from t chewed up so that the surface ground is in shambles. It is no words that The mice population is disturbed by The lemming's activities. 6 July Barrow, Alaska. Reynolds, Warner + I completed a lemming census today which was started last evening. This was two 1000 'x 58' plots adjacent to Traphin 7 and 8. The lake was similar to the trap lake & has been re-circulated by Reynolds. 9 July Skroavik, Alaska While running The plat last evening + today, it was noted that numerous death + partially eaten / tumming carcass can now be found. I could guess that in my wandering on the 108 other I have seen 30-40 carcasses. Of course, there are many & must have mines. There are apparently pega hills where The mice have eaten just the viscera or somewhere a part of the body.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Lemmus 9 July Skroavite, Alaska There seems to be a very noticeable lack I watch this year on the tundra. Most of the shallow ponds have dried up. The polygon ridge are bone-dry. It is now possible to sit on the mounds of moss without getting wet; This was impossible last year. It seems probable that the cut grass allows the water to soak at the soil with little retention at the surface. Also with the good weather we have had, the waters has evaporated rapidly, leaving little water left. This seems to be another important aspect of the lemming on the tundra. 13 July Barrow, Alaska The lemmings are still present but are not seen frequently. The majority of the 47 now seem to be present, so there should be a good reproduction in the population in a few weeks. Jorgans are still plentiful and are taking a fair number of lemmings. Molar reports that sex ratios in the lemming carcasses at his poises

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Holmes, R. 1960 Lemmas 13 july Banow, Alaska muts are now in favor (The 88. We have not been checking The trap- lining ammias, as) we are not pump on ratio flow. It seems likely (?) that many (The 88) have been removed during the early period, and thereby shifting the ratio towards the 99. 15 july - A census was taken today parallel with trapline IV A+B. The animals were dug out, etc., but few were found (See Wame for results). One nest was located & it contained 8 young which must have been 8-10 days old. Several other old nests were found. There may have been used last year - even 4 years ago. 17 july Banow - Skroovle Alaska The trapline foles has fall off during the last several days; however, The differences in habitat may account for this. 21 july Banow - Skroovle, Alaska Several young juveniles were seen today on The census plot, and first digging was noted. The effect (The lemming) in the

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Holmes, R. 1960 Lemmus 5. 21 July Banovar - Skovvik, Alaska mass seems to be primarily a winter or early melt-off phenomena. The mass paths are rarely forked now; however, it is still possible to see where they had been cut into, with just a who-boo at the snow - to the snow feeling. It seemed like more animals were seen today during the census than during the past two weeks. Maybe with the young increased & the now more active there are more animals to be seen. 23 July Meade Linn, Alaska The natives at the coal mine said that mice were fairly common this year, but from looking at the tundra, I don't believe that the microtine density was very high. There were no runways to be seen, no cut grass, no pellets seen when the ground was closely examined. One Lemmus was caught, & this was the only animal seen during our three hour stay at the Coal Mine.

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Holmes, R. 1960 25 July Barrow, Alaska Lemmus Juveniles are now being seen quite commonly, especially in the troughs where the cut grass has accumulated and when there are covered tunnels. The adult animals are still being seen, but not as common as before. Lemming activity on the ridge now seems to be confined to the areas of polygons and very few are now seen along the ridge top. Animals are still present in the marshes, especially in areas where there are dead grass. In the areas where there are low polygons with troughs 1-2 feet deep, where an animal with cut grasses, the lemming sign is the best, and usually lemmings can be caught there. Predation is still extremely important. Since now that the jaeger and owl chick are getting to be food size, they are requiring more than usual food. Of course, the adults are still here too, so the impact of

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Holmes, R. 1960 Lemmus 25 July Barrow, Alaska predation is still quite high. 26 July Skrooville, Alaska Lemminings appear to be quite common with vicinity / my census plot. Areas there have a topography such that they are troughs, I moderate depth which have accumulated a pile of dead-cut grass. In the grown lays, there are numerous holes and runways - in fact the areas appear riddled. It was possible today to walk through these troughs and scare up many juvenile lemmings + several adults. This was especially true at the southern half of the plot (Stuber 10.0-25.0). In other locales, this abundance was not noted, but also, these other areas were not walked through. 29 July Barrow, Alaska No lemmings nests were found at the moose This afternoon + none have been reported (excerpt by J.R. - see Reynolds notes).

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Holmes, R. 1960 Lemmus 3 August Barrow = So. Barrow 3, Alaska Individuals were seen regularly during the trip. Juveniles appear to be seen more frequently than adults. Sij was good all the way to So. Barrow 3, as were joeys for owl densities. Runway is still being heavily used in most areas, but there are becoming localized. That is, There will be a path:1 very well used pathway, + burrows in low troughs or polygon-edges & The there may be an edge 1-3 feet away. This may be due to habitat preferences or to the effect of predation? - in removing a certain periculat. The lemming population. Weasels are shown up occasionally now. Several have been found in the line plot, and Britton reported a dead 1 weasel in Britton's Area (about 2 weeks ago). Another lemming predator The author for (i) was seen today Smith 1 Low Lake. This is at (??) New Barrow this year (?)! [illegible]

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Helmes, R 1960 Lemmus 6 Aug Barrow, Alaska Near Denovik today, good lemming sign was observed. Many of the runway are well used, and usually can be traced to the burrows which are in use. The animals are seen frequently - most of these being juveniles. The tundra is still dry and most of the puddles have dried up. Only the large ponds are still in existence. The lemmings have utilized the drained troughs and many of the runways are located here. No lemming nests have been noted recently; most of the 45 handled have already dropped their litters. 12 Aug Barrow-Denovik, Alaska During the last 3 days, we have had a terrific rain which has flooded much of the tundra. Many of the runways are now underwater, and accordingly some of the burrows are filled with water. We have seen a little bit of freezing water also, but not enough to freeze all

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Holmes, R 1960 Lemmus 12 Aug Barrow, Alaska The hul...; sh. No surface nests have been located recently. 15 Aug Barrow: Skroavik, Alaska Lemming still seem to be relatively common near the lake, and the runways & burrows are still well used. The traplines are holding up amazingly well & prospect looks good for a fairly high population later into the fall. 21 Aug Barrow = Skroavik, Alaska The traplines are still doing well. The animals seem to be more active in the dark period, since much greater numbers are caught at night. They are still seen frequently, however, during the day. The predators are still present in large numbers, especially the pugars with both adults & in many cases two juveniles are living the territory. We have been more inconspicuous and are seen only occasionally. Many of the polygonal areas show excellent lemming sign. Some of the runways which were used in the spring

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Holmes, R. 1960 Lemmus 21 Aug Banow= Ukroaitk, Alaska have been abandoned; these are still in use, and there are very noticeable and are well-traveled. Many of the runways are still in among the cut grass and are: invisible when looking at the tundra. No new nests have been noted, and the old winter nests are usually so wet that they are rarely used. Peiper Willa believe that the animal damage to the vegetation is about even with the rate of production of the vegetation. This is only an estimate made by observation. Willer reported seeing an area that had recently been disturbed by lemming activity 30 Aug Banow, Alaska Nothing has been especially noted during the last week. Most of the time in the field has been spent in Central Marsh, the fertilizer plots and areas in between. Our area in the old lake bed at the upper end (Wohlebeley though) her crossed Brown section

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Holmes, R. 1960 Lemmus 30 Aug Barrow, Alaska in rows. These areas are riddled with lemming runways, holes, etc, and crannies have been seen rather commonly. Runways are still in use; there are still localized burrows. A generally pattern was noted today near The Sertllyr plots. The diagram below runways holes There are holes with 1 or 2 level- used runways. These may lead to other hole 15 to 30 feet away from where other runways take off.

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Holmes, R. 1961 Lemmus 3June>16June Barrow, Alaska - See journal notations 17 June Barrow, Alaska The hundra sigi look good but all so far last year. Only about 4 have been seen in the last few weeks; 2 (These were brought with mullen). Occasional dead animals have been found; Three in good condition were found D. A.M. Others appeared to be remarkable last years jaguar owl activity. Scattered nuts 4 for an area, but these appear to be disintegrated jaguar pellets. A dead weasel was found N. 1 1/2th; Are - but it may have died last fall. - It was just laying out - a bare ridge - in a slight trough. The number of lemming vents nests is quite amazing. They are more frequent near Skarvand where nearly every single depression has 1 or more. Some of these are still intact - including the entrance holes beside. One are a bit more delapidated. All have been opened, only I have centauried lemming remains - greenwater # 1 prot Weighed - 150t. [illegible]

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Helene, P. 1961 Lemmus 17 June Barrow, Alaska That there are more nests this year than last - which seems absurd. If this is to cae, the animals must have lived for awhile under the snow. The animals from the village have stocked off, so apparently they are going out there too. 20 June Barrow -> Skroavik, Alaska One seen near Voth's area, as we headed for Skroavik; it was caught + failed - 5me mullen is at Pitt Point since we were just heading south to the lake. 24 June Barrow, Alaska activity is still poor - very little fresh working has been detected because of difficulties in separating seven-day old pellets from yr. old pellets. Predator activity has declined. No Pomerians were seen today - but there were a few long-t. t. p. toposites in the vicinity. A fox was seen hunting near Oolipik Slough. 24 July Barrow, Alaska Now seen during the last month. Jay activity has declined, but weasels have been reported (see FAP-JDS) Of 14 weasel nests in the B.R.- 210 acre length - 5 hook weasel sign.

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Holmes,R. 1963 Lemmus 27 may Barry Alaska Peipt & visitor Beach Pedy - where we saw no fresh Lemmus sign - although over from Pom Jaugus were seen along the southern part of the ridge. Along the north shore of Wobleskoy Slough & the west shore of Elson, localized areas of lemming activity were found. Most of the cutting was along the runway systems + large areas no animals seen Uncut vegetation was most noticeable. 28 may The drum area shows extensive cutting - not only at sides of runways but also in polygon types. 6 animals (all large racet I - J-SA size) were seen - darting under the snow cover. From British area - a vacant plot at Velly, Stoyl, considerable sign was seen - some places it was extensive - all the vegetation being cut - while in other spots - the cutting was only along the runways. In general, the cutting was very spotty - with large areas not touched. Several animals were seen during the afternoon. Little activity evident between Wobleskoy & Dokpal Sloughs - 1 animal seen - 2 - gaugers hunting in the area. Beach Pedy near guslens had some cut vegetation - but is not complete yet.

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Holmes, R 1963 2. Lemmus 1 June Barrow, Alaska A snow is melting from boughs, more more Lemming sign is becoming visible. Many bough are muddled by runways+ The vegetation is cut. Again, there are somewhat patchy in locality but then appears to be moderate animal activity. Occasionally white banding, animals are seen - scurrying under a snow or along the edge of a snow bank. Only 4 winter nests have been found, all were empty + centaurea no sign of predation, etc. 4 June In the last few days - only 2 or 3 Lemmings have been seen unfield - fewer than on preceding days. 8 June Mautundra is becoming exposed now + The amount of Lemming activity can be better accessed. There are lays out (may be) with no sign; other localities, like Shrosville - Village Sloop bluff - are heavily cut & of several winter nests were seen as well as 4 lemmings. Again, Lemming seem to be distributed sporadically - in local areas. Bears have shown little activity - but ones with more polymorphism seem to have more.

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Holmes,R 1963 Limmus 9 June Barrow, Alaska Am I heaviest encounter (by cut vegetation) worked - not show 100pil Sowl- The area covered 500 yds x 50 yds - hold it vegetation 80-85% cleared. No animals now seen but pugmarks / foot prints present in the vicinity 10 June Checked 8 nests today - none were unusual - all almost parasitic centres were pile / pebbles - no sign waste predation 11 June Good signs (cut grass, well-used runways, burrows, etc. - on bluff - wet / VOA Creek - laer, Caleach food from Tigr H-B. 15 June Sign on Hravail Census Plot - is extension - perhaps 35-40% cut vegetation, good runways - lanner seen 17 June Checked 11 winter-nest in the census plot today - nothing unusual was found - Nests are plentiful - average 1 about 1/2 acre. (estimate). Second animals seen in the plot today. 21 June 24 nests checked - nothing unusual. - Hravaille 25 Jun 16 nests Nub strike - plot - holmi, new 9 July Three seen during 7% km - Hravait plot - but in general, they seem to be getting scarce. Perhaps, the young will be showing, as soon

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RTH 1963 Lemmus 20 July Barrow, Alaska Scattered individuals - most of which seemed to be sub-adult. Were on Dr. Shrair's cross plot. - This area also has good lemming sign - it freely formed runway holes - which are currently been used. Food digging are is evidence. 6 Aug Lemming sign was good at the Shrair Cross plot - well used runways holes, food piles, etc. 9 J.S.A. ever caught 1 transported body left for J. Johnson. - but none ever seen until the burrows were stopped - so little surface activity 12 Aug Cheekudace between Walschbog & Ooliph Sloughs - with J. Johnson - saw four juveniles 1 caught 1 sub-ad. - fair amount of activity - or at least sign - but animals were hard to find. 25 Aug Sign has not increased noticeably during August. Animals have been seen infrequently- mainly in areas where runways are showing sign (use) - ie Runway sign where animals are the greatest absence 1 sign indicates a low prog. Predators - Poor. J. Still hunting a- - hunter - for owls present.

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Holmes,R.T. 1964 Lemmus 4 June Barrow, Alaska Local pockets of lemmings were found - on sund shore / Wohlischlag + in centers Mard - 2 driving to Doupik & E (saloy - swt 14 animals for weasel. Many are still little or no cutting but other are improved. - also predatorsey- good at Nestruie. 5 Jun. Sign good on Uthi's Bluff - but elsewhere have not much evidence [Harry Browe report lemmings abundant south of the Village - altho only a few were seen at Meads River where he visited last week]. 8 June Swat 2x 4pm near Atass, plus also the raised mounts to the south / of building. No new signs are noted - or saw - most are not new - nor - not doubtably seen during the winter. 10 June Most extensive cuttings so far - found in Uathtree where all 3 (No troughs) have been heavily worked by lemmings. - but only 1 seen. Also - several large (20 x 40') patches of cut grass is present - Uthi's bluffs. 16 Workmen checked today with no evidence of predation - motolik Iyeng, Jr. 11 June 5 seen on or near bead ridge. Predators have decreased in last few days.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Aloper lagopus 3 August Barrow = St. Barrow 3, Alaska One immature seen a couple (?) 7 miles South (Loon Lake). The pelage was brownish with light areas (making it appear blotchy). The ears were noticeably small + rounded.

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Holmes, R. 1960 Mustela marosa 11 July Barrow, Alaska A weasel den found on the beach ridge in the middle of Pitelka's Plot, yesterday. Today when it was visited, only one individual was seen photographed (see journal for description). 27 July - At least 1 weasel was still present at the mound. It is hard to estimate the average effect of predation since the burrows are quite deep. The animals, living however, come out to take a look whenever we are placed near the mound. Another den was reported by Britton. It is located in Britton's Area (see Mahr for details). 2 Aug - No weasels seen at the mound on the beach ridge. See Warner's Note for weasels', coupled with line plot.

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R. Holmes 1963 Mustela rixosa 28 June Bemars, Alaska one small adult (♀) sex in bermawspeter i blood - typed prly from 10 yd south 1 sour Saut lay on.

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