Holmes, R. 1959 2. Stera covarius pomarinus 12 June Barrow, Alaska fly with a shallow wing beat where the wings were never brought above the horizontal. This was used as the bird was coming ash land. In other instances, during a flight the wings may be held over the head and beat so that they never come down to the horizontal (F.A.R.) This may be related in some way to the ground behavior of raising their wings. Once on the ground, the B would raise his wings. Then both birds of the pair assumed a strutting position one stood side by side or face to face in this position. Then the last fly M in pursuit of the previously mentioned pair 1 joegers. There birds were seen during fled from with at least a warbird at one time. The P of the mating pair was seen setting out in the snow. As another joeger approacher, the settling bird raised and lowered its wings several times, apparently this was a weak sign of aggressiveness to indicate that that was his territory.