Holmes, R. 1959 2. Calcarius laponicus 8 June. Barrow, Alaska Many seen in the area so. 1 Barrow village which has is been cleared 1 snow. Also several were noted on the return trip - (Inland). These birds were singles or pairs in habitat small exposed areas). 9 June Barrow, Alaska There are still 20 to 30 birds in The drum-lined area, but now they are beginning their territorial defense. The 8" are seen in combat both on the ground and in the air. The territorial boundaries do not seem to be established yet, but within a general area, The "resident" male became excited when intruded upon. The defending male stays on the ground (at first), stretches out its neck, and stands ready for the intruder which flies up to the male and is prevented from landing by the action of the defender. After this intruder has hovered for several seconds while being attacked from below, it attempts to fly several feet away,