Erebia ferruginea 12. Holmes, R. 1962 12 June Barrow, Alaska This, his head was pulled up & the posture was the same as the other Erebia (e. argus, bullicans) in their aerial announcement Also in the flight - the bird (♂) would fly slightly slower than a normal flight - with more deliberate wing beat - still using the full stroke. - but just slowing the pace. This was sufficient to defeat - but was observed in several instances. When the birds landed, no wing-flashing seen. Further, flying there both gave dawn aerial combats. 2) TERRITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENT - DEFENSE FOR AGGRESSION - No obvious display noted - due probably to the fact that there are no other birds / plus species nearby. However, the ♂ did chase a ♂ (displaying) Dunlin 4 times. Each time - the Dunlin was feeding near the Curlew Sap - the latter issued a hunch (tail in normal pos't) & ran after the bird - both taking flight - the Curlew Sap in pursuit - giving the twinkling-twitter - as they flew off - eratically - over the tundra. Once there were 107 yards s.w. of the central curlew Sap area - a ♂ turned & came back. Flying swiftly & low to the ground (3'), landing somewhere near As 8. On the return flight - he once