Field notes, v570

Cogswell, Howard L.

Unknown

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY

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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from CLIR https://archive.org/details/fieldnotes00cogs

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Cogswell, Howard L. 1948-50 1. Central California, primarily San Francisco Bay region, and Southern Calif.; Oct. 8, 1948-Dec. 26, 1950 a. Catalog b. Journal c. Species accounts.

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Cogswell, H.L. Catalog

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CATALOG 3 pages

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Catalog 5 mi. E Vallejo, 300 ft., Solano Co. Calif. October 19, 1948 1 ? im. Agelaius phoeniceus (coll. by W.C. Russell) 43.1gm. October 26, 1948 2 ♂ im. Agelaius phoeniceus (coll. by Russell) - 62.0 gm February 22, 1949 3 ♂ ad. Molothrus ater (coll. by J.D. Earl) Animal Room, Life Sciences Bldg., Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. March 3, 1949 4 ♂ ad. Rattus sp. discarded. [for nos. 5 thru 133 see Humboldt - Trinity Cos. notebook] Oct. 18 3½ mi. NNE Vallejo, 130 ft., Solano Co., Calif. 134 ♀ Capella gallinago (many small follicles, <1 mm., in ovary) (stomach contents: sand + organic debris) - specimen placed in U.C. Dept. Zool. Coll. 1950 Apr. 5 300+ ft., .8 mi. NNW Blackwells Corner, northwestern Kern Co. Calif. 135 ♀ ad (sk) Cremophila alcestes {largest ovum = 2 mm. {bare {large brood patch, few blood vessels - 300 ft., 1.4 mi. S Lost Hills, Kern Co. Calif. 136 ♂ ad (sk) Toxostoma lecontei {L. testis - 11 mm. {insects in stomach. (137-145)-So. Calif Notebook; and {for succeeding nos see Donner Pass - Lake Tahoe {- western Nevada notebook (#4 - 146-150).

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Cogswell 1950 Catalog 2 not. 137-145} in southern Calif. notebook (Feb-June, 1950) not. 146-150} in Donner Pass - Lake Tahoe region notebook, including w. nevada notes (summer, 1950). Sep. 17 between mouths of Willcat San Pablo creeks, 5 ft., San Pablo, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 151 ♂ Larus delawarensis testis 5 mm., wt 511 g. 155 (L.wing only)- " " (sub-ad.plumage). Sep. 17 Eastshore Highway, 12 ft., Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. 154 (L. wing only) - Larus occidentalis (1st winter plumage) → taken from carcass of bird killed by auto. Oct. 1 Dimond Park, ft., Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. 152 ♀ ad.sh. Zonotrichia coronata wt. 27.1 g. - found dead by ; no injury evident. Oct. 3 Walnut St. between Cedar & Virginia, 200 ft., Berkeley, Alameda Co. Calif. 153 ♂ ad.sh. Dendroica aestivalis (= petechia) very fat; testis < mm. wt. 11.7 g. Oakland dump → coll. by Gbs Rosenthal Nov. 3 San Francisco Bay shore, San Leandro, Alameda Co., Calif. 156 (L.wing + tail). Larus delawarensis (1st winter pl.) 157 (" " ) " " (2nd. " ") 158 (tail only) " " (" " ") 159 (L. wing + tail) Larus californicus (2nd winter pl.) 160 (" ") " " (3rd " ") 161 (" ") " " (adult pl.) all coll. by RE Bailey Nov. 12 San Francisco Bay shore N. of Pt. Isabel, Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 162 (L.wing only) - Aythya marila (taken from bird by unknown hunter) 163 (" " ) Aythya affinis (" " ") 164 ♀ Squatarola squatarola - moderate fat. wt. 231.5 g. 165 ♀ Larus philadelphus wt. 129.6 g.

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Coggswell 1950 Catalog 3 Nov.24-1+.mi. ENE Alviso, 10 ft., Santa Clara Co., Calif. 166 (L.wing +tail) Larus argentatus (1st winter plumage) 167 (" " ) Larus californicus (1st winter plumage) Nov.24- Alviso, sea level, Santa Clara Co., Calif. 168 & Erolia minutilla wt. 16.3 g. Nov.27 Point Isabel, San Francisco Bay shore, Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 169 (tail only) Larus occidentalis (1st winter plumage) 170 (L.wing + tail). & " " (2nd winter plumage) ovary wt. small 1110½ g. 171 (L.wing +tail) " " (3rd winter plumage) 1021 g. 172 (L.wing + tail) ♂ Larus glaucescens (1st winter plumage) testes 5 mm. 1549 g. 173 & Larus canus brachyrhynchus very fat - 374½ g., Dec.26 Berkeley 250 ft., Alameda Co., Calif. 174 ♂ Dipilo maculatus testes skeleton 1½ mm., wt. 41.9 g (coll. by R.F.Bailey). (for succeeding numbers, see So. Calif. notebook -- filed separately)

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Cogswell, H.D. Journal

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JOURNAL - 1948 Cat #2068 JOURNAL - 1948 Oct 8 - Dec. 20, = W. Central Calif (pp 1-31) Dec. 20 - Dec. 30 = So. Calif. (pp 31-46) + Index to Vertebrate Species referred to therein - - - - - - - - - (pp 47-58)

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Cogswell 1948 Journal University of California and vicinity, Berkeley Calif. (all observations near Life Science Bldg. and thence to West Gate and Oxford St. unless otherwise noted). Oct. 8 Enroute, to and from 1700 block of Walnut St. via West Gate. See entries render: Anna Hummingbird - Calypte anna. White-crowned Sparrow - Zonotrichia leucophrys, Plain Titmouse - Baeus inornatus Robin - Turdus migratorius Oct. 9 near West Gate and Life Sciences Bldg. only Oct. 10 along Access Highway from St. Isabel road to N. end of Golden Gate Fields, E. shore San Francisco Bay, Calif. Estimate of shorebirds & gulls just commencing to feed on the few spots exposed by tides beginning to go out: (at 0930 - 0950 - C.P.S.T) Killdeer - B 6 Black-bellied Plover - 50 Willett 300 Least Sandpiper 500 Del. backed Sandpiper 20 Western Sandpiper 3000 Marbled Godwit 150 Avocet 1 Glaucous-winged Gull - 1 in. Western Gull 10 Calif. Gull ## Ring-billed Gull # Horsters Tern - 31.

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Cogswell 1948 2 Journal oct. 10 (cont.) At this stage of eff tide the ideal views of even the smallest "peeps" are obtained by sitting in the car and looking down at them. municipal Fishing Pier, Berkeley, Calif. 10:00 - 11:00 — while son Denis fished from near end of open part of pier (½ way out or so) Bessie and I watched birds that passed. Notes entered in species accounts for: Phalacrocorax auritus melanitta perspicillata We then drove via the Bay Bridge to San Francisco, Daly City and Highway #1 to : "Shelter Cove" just N of San Pedro Point, San Mateo Co., Calif. 12:00 - 12:40 — We parked at end of road on side of cliff which runs on out to the point and watched through increasingly foggy atmosphere over the ocean below. Chief items of interest: Pelecanus occidentalis melanitta perspicillata Larus heermanni which see in species accounts. Princeton (N end of Half-moon Bay), San Mateo Co., Calif. 13:30 - 16:15 — while Denis fished again (+ caught 5 perch) we watched for birds from the southernmost of the 2 piers, and later walked a short distance along the beach to the south. Observations of interest on the same 3 species as last above and also : 1 - Sterna hirundo (or paradisaea ?) → species acct.

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 3 Oct. 10 (cont.) We returned from San Mateo Co. Coast via Crystal Springs Reservoir and San Mateo Bridge. Many thousands of shorebirds on dike ponds near east of bridge not estimated, but it looked like the biggest concentration I have yet seen in the whole bay region. Marbled Godwits in one flock of nearly 1000. Oct. 11 - University of Calif. (only - near West Gate) Berkeley. Dull cloudy day. Rained last night and few sprinkles today. Birds notably silent, except: Orange-crowned warbler (??) - heard calling Robin - occasional calls Red-shafted flicker - 1 loud call (mid. P.M.) Brown Towhee - I chased another in cedars just S. of West Gate in what was apparently a territorial infringement. The victor gave the "skittering" call afterward as it foraged on lawn alone. Oct. 15 - I walked through eucalyptus groves. heard for first time this fall a: Ruby-crowned Kinglet (see species acct.) During lunch time I sat in my car along West Gate "circle" street and watched foraging actions of a Brown Towhee (see species acct.) 4:30 - 5:00 P.M. - I drove around the N. two-thirds of Berkeley Aquatic Park, its list of water birds seen being recorded in my roll book. Nothing spectacular.

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Logswell 1948 Journal Oct. 16 - Napa Valley, from Vallejo to Calistoga, Napa Co., Calif. 12:00 - 14:00 — with my family (wife, Bessie, & son, Denis) I drove along hi-way # 29, stopping only to observe birds of interest. Entries made in species accounts for: Butes jamaicensis Buteo swainsonii Asyrdescmus lawisi Corvus brachyrhynchos Molothrus ater complete list of species seen entered in roll book. Bitter Creek road, between Calistoga, Napa Co., and Santa Rosa, Sonoma Co., Calif. 14:00 - 15:00 Nice hill country through each, with a trickle of water yet in some of the stream beds. Open grassland + scattered oaks merging into dense oak-laurel in canyons and replaced (some places abruptly) by chaparral on higher slopes and peaks. No birds of particular interest, although at one point along Bitter Creek I thought I heard an Evening Grosbeak (!!) along Highway US-101, Santa Rosa, Sonoma Co., Calif. to San Rafael Marin Co., Calif. 15:00 - 16:00 Simply drove most of way here. one interesting flock of Corvus brachyrhynchos (which see). Oct. 24 - Diablo Valley, from Diablo to approximately 4 mi. SE thereof; Contra Costa Co., Calif. Leaving Diablo about 2:20 P.M. we (Bessie, Denis, I) drove along paved road up the valley to junction with cut-off going to San Pablo Valley NW of the reservoir.

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Loganell 1948 Journal 5 Oct. 24 (cont.) The hills and fields all being dry and brown, and some even having been burned over, there were few birds except at the ranch houses. One spot where we stopped had a small pool of stagnant water in the creek bed, and here we saw more small birds than at any other place: 5 red-shafted flickers, 1 plain titmouse, a flock of brush tits, and several Zonotrichia leucophrys sp. Red-tailed hawks were exceptionally common all along (see sp. account) at about 2½ mi. SE of Dinole a gray fox (Urocyon cinereo-argentens) trotted across the road, and into a cove filled with brush and rubbish. Upon stopping as quickly as we could the only sign of it was a sliding of small stones & twigs where we assumed it had scrambled up the steep bank & into the chaparral. - San Pablo Reservoir, 300' ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. We scanned the lake for waterfowl and saw or heard a few land birds incidental to the process. all the water birds were on the upstream 1/3 of the lake except 1 great blue heron flushed from a cove near the dam. Most of the ducks were resting on the far (NE) shore, and only bright males among those could be identified. at the extreme upper end of the lake, all the baldpates and green.

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 6 Oct.24 (cont) -- winged teal were identified were feeding along with some coots & a few pintails. waterfowl population present was tallied at: Phalacrocorax auritus - 2 ardea herodias - 1 * Branta canadensis - 8+ * Anas crecca carolinensis - 8+ * anas acuta - 1200 est. * mareca americana - 150 est. Aythya collaris - 2♂ Aythya affinis - 2♀ { + 20♂♀+4 of either in its other -- too far to identify } Larus glaucescens - 2 ad, 1 imm. Larus californicus - 1000 est. { but this number may include many of next species Larus delawarensis - 10+ over the hills to the NE of reservoir 3 red-tailed hawks ganged up to dive on an immature golden eagle (see respective sp. accounts). Oct.24 - Berkeley Aquatic Park, Berkeley, Calif. 16:15 - 17:15 - we rented a boat & made a loop of the main part of the lake. Complete list of the birds recorded is entered in roll book. Out- standing were: Ruddy Duck - 30 est. Herring Gull - 2+ Forster's Tern - 8

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 7 Oct. 30 - N. of "Golden Gate Fields" racetrack, E. shore of San Francisco Bay, Richmond-Albany bdy., Calif. 11:35-11:50 AM., with tide exceptionally high (nearly all driftwood in salicornia floating!) I made a count of shorebirds from my car, starting along cove N of base of Pt. Isabel & ending at base of Fleming Pt. (Golden Gate Fields). Other species along the shore next to highway were estimated. Noted the tremendous decrease in numbers over ebb tide conditions: (cf. Oct. 10) Red-breasted Merganser - 3 (fishing near cliffs of terms) Killdeer - 13 Willet - 100 (including 71 in 1 flock) Western Sandpiper - 1 Bonaparte's Gull - 15 +} together, on Forster's Tern - 80 +} row of posts near Fleming Pt. Great Blue Heron - 1 American Egret - 3 Oct. 31 - Bay Farm Island, Alameda, Alameda Co., Calif. 19:50-17:00 - with five other members of Dr. A. H. Miller's ornithology class, Prof. W. Storer, and Dr. Miller I looked over the birds to be seen from the N.W. shore of San Leandro Bay along Doolittle Drive and from Island Road further toward NNW. tip of Bay Farm Id. The weather was mostly low overcast, with sun breaking through for only a few minutes about 5:00 PM. An exceptionally high tide was just starting

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Cogswell 1948 Journal Oct. 31 (cont) To go out as we arrived. Most significant, perhaps, was the absence of large nos. of larger shorebirds, whereas red-backed sandpipers were up tremendously from a few weeks ago. Complete list of species and estimated numbers seen is attached; entries made under species accounts of those marked with *: Note: # = numbers seen, but not counted or estimated. AUDUBON DAILY FIELD CARD OF BIRDS Occurring in the PACIFIC STATES (California, Oregon and Washington) Observer H.L. Cogswell Locality Column A: - San Leandro Bay from Doolittle Column B: - N.W. end of Bay Farm Island. Date... Oct. 31, 1948 Time.. Weather.... Wind... Subspecies, with the exception of a few forms, easily recog- nizable in the field, are omitted. Put a more detailed account of today's observations in a sep- arate notebook. Maybe you have seen something new! A B No. Loon, Common Pacific Red-throated Grebe, Holboell's Horned Eared Western Pied-billed Albatross, Black-f. Short-tailed Shearwater, Sl.-bill. Sooty Black-vented Pink-footed Fulmar, Pacific Petrel, Fork-tailed Beal's Black Ashy Socorro Pelican, White California Brown Cormorant, Parallon Brandt's Baird's Man-o'-war-bird Heron, Great Blue Egret, American 4 A B No. Egret, Brewster's Heron, Anth. Green Black-cr. Night Bittern, American Least Ibis, Wood Wh.-faced Glossy Swan, Whistling Goose, Canada Hutchins's Cackling Brant, Black Goose, Emperor White-fronted Snow Ross's Tree-duck, Fulvous Mallard Gadwall Widgeon, European Baldpate Pintail * Teal, Green-winged Blue-winged Cinnamon Shoveller Duck, Wood Redhead A B No. Duck, Ring-necked Canvas-back Duck, Greater Scaup Lesser Scaup Golden-eye, American Barrow's Bufflehead Old-squaw Duck, Harlequin Scoter, White-winged Surf American Duck, Ruddy Merganser, Hooded American Red-breasted Vulture, Turkey Condor, California Kite, White-tailed Goshawk Hawk, Sharp-shinned Cooper's Red-tailed Red-bellied Swainson's Am. Rough-leg. Fer. Rough-leg. Harris's Eagle, Golden Bald Hawk, Marsh Osprey Falcon, Prairie Hawk, Duck Pigeon Sparrow Grouse, Sooty Franklin's Ruffed Ptarmigan, Wh.-tailed Grouse, Sharp-tailed Sage Hen Partridge, Eur. Bob-white Quail, California Gambel's Mountain Pheasant, Ring-n. Crane, Little Brown Sandhill Rail, Cal. Clapper * Virginia Sora Yellow Farallon Gallinule, Florida Coot Oyster-catcher, Black Plover, Snowy Semipalmated 1* 30 10 5 1 I A B No. Plover, Mountain Killdeer Golden Black-bellied Surf-bird Turnstone, Ruddy (heard) Black Snipe, Wilson's * p 2? Curlow, Long-billed Hudsonian Sandpiper, Spotted Solitary Tattler, Wandering Willet Yellow-legs, Greater Lesser Knot Sandpiper, Aleutian Pectoral Baird's Least Red-backed * Dowitcher, Long-Bill. Sandpiper, Western Godwit, Marbled Sanderling Avocet Stilt, Black-necked Phalarope, Red Wilson's Northern Jaeger, Pomarine Parasitic Long-tailed Gull, Glaucous Glaucus-winged Western Herring California Ring-billed Short-billed Laughing Bonaparte's Kittiwake, Pac. Gull, Sabine's Tern, Gull-billed Forster's Common Arctic Brown's Royal Elegant Caspian Black Murre, California Guillemot, Pigeon Murrelet, Marbled Xantus's Craveri's Ancient 30 10 10 10 4d. 2 2 15 200 3 9 300 # 4000 # 2000 # 10 10 5 50 100* 80 20 10 15 23+ # # # # # 1+ I 10 # 3

A B No. A B No. A B No. A B No. Auklet, Cassin's Paroquet Rhinoceros Puffin, Horned Tufted Dove, Mourning Chinese Spotted Ringed Turtle White-winged Mexican Ground Cuckoo, California Road-runner Owl, Barn Screech Flam. Screech Horned Snowy Hawk Pygmy Elf Burrowing Spotted Great Gray Long-eared Short-eared Saw-whet Poor-will Nighthawk Texas Swift, Black Vaux's White-throated Hummingbird, Costa's Black-chinned Anna's Broad-tailed Rufous Allen's Calliope Kingfisher, Belted Flicker, Red-shafted Gilded Woodpecker, Pileated Gila California Lewis's Sapsucker, Red-naped Red-breasted Williamson's Woodpecker, Hairy Downy Cactus Nuttall's White-headed Arc. Three-toed Am. Three-toed Kingbird, Eastern Western Cassin's Flycatcher, Ash-thr. Phoebe, Black Say's Flycatcher, Little Hammond's Wright's Gray Western Pewee, Western Wood Flycatcher, Olive-s. Vermilion Lark, Horned Swallow, Violet-green Tree Bank Rough-winged Barn Cliff Martin, Purple Jay, Rocky Mt. Oregon Steller's (Crested) California Santa Cruz Magpie, American Yellow-billed Raven, American Crow Jay, Piñon Nutcracker, Clark's Chickadee, Black-c. Mountain Chestnut-backed Titmouse, Plain Verdin Bush-Tit Nuthatch, Slender-b. Red-breasted Pygmy Creeper Wren-Tit Dipper Wren, House Winter Bewick's Cactus Marsh Canyon Rock Mockingbird Catbird Thrasher, Bendire's California Leconte's Crissal Sage Robin Thrush, Varied Hermit Russet-backed Willow Bluebird, Western Mountain Solitaire, Townsend's Gnatcatcher, Western Plumbeous Black-tailed Kinglet, Golden-cr. Ruby-crowned Pipit, American Waxwing, Bohemian Cedar Phainopepla Shrike, Northwestern California Vireo, Hutton's Least Gray Cassin's Red-eyed Warbling Warbler, Bl. and Wh. Lutescent Dusky Calaveras Lucy's Yellow Myrtle Audubon's Black-thr. Gray Townsend's Hermit Water-Thrush, Grin. Warbler, Macgilliv. Yellow-throat Chat, Long-tailed Warbler, Pileolated Redstart, American Sparrow, English Bobolink Meadowlark, Western Blackbird, Yellow-h. Red-wing Bicolored Tricolored Oriole, Ariz. Hooded Scott's Bullock's Blackbird, Brewer's Cowbird Tanager, Cooper's Grosbeak Blue Bunting, Grosbeak Finch, Ca Cassin's House Grosbeak Finch, Ro Redpoll Siskin, Ph Goldfinch Green-b Lawrenc Crossbill, White-w Towhee, Spotted Brown Abert's Bunting, Sparrow, Belding Large-bi Grassho Vesper Lark Rufous-c Desert Bell's Sage Junco, Sl Oregon Gray-he Sparrow, Chippin Brewer' Black-ch Gambel Puget S Nuttall's Golden- White-t Fox Lincoln' Song Bunting, Accidentals......................Individual Total Species..................... NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AUDUBON 1006 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. 10 for $.25 50 for $1.00

Logswell 1948 Journal 9 Nov. 7 San Leandro, Alameda Co., to Dumbarton Bridge and to Los Altos, Santa Clara Co., Calif. 13:15 - 14:30 - auto trip with family. Stopped at several points near Mt. Eden and Alvarado as well as along w. approaches to bridge. Entries made under following species: Long-billed Curlew - 4' Red-backed Sandpiper Bonaparte's Gull San Francisco Co. and adjacent hillsides, mi. W.S.W. of Palo Alto, San Mateo Co., Calif. with John Burville 15:15 - 17:00 - open grassland with scattered oaks (valley & blue), abruptly changing to live oak, laurel, poison-oak, buck-eye some madrove & redwood on north facing slopes, with serpentine ridges again open oak grassland and even patches of real chamise chaparral make this a wonderfully varied area. Pools of stagnant water in creek bed were swarming with tiny fish and a few insects & flies. Entries made under following bird species: Mexican Bluebird Robin Mourning Dove Killdeer Red-breasted Sapsucker Few other species were seen, chiefly Scrub Jays, House finches, and Meadowlarks.

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 10 Nov. 13 Jewel Lake & vicinity Tilden Regional Park Berkeley, Contra Costa, Alameda Co., Calif. 3:10-3:35 P.M.- I walked down the bridle trail on W. of Wildcat Creek from gate about 1/8 mi. S. of lake to lake - around to N. end of lake (at dam). return. I did not see the Hooded Mergansers reported there recently by several members of the local Audubon Society. The trees and shrubs along the trail proved to be rich in bird life, however - seemed to be more so than any place I have yet been in the Berkeley Hills. The following species were recorded: Steller's Jay-1 Scrub Jay-5+ Bush-tit- heard Wren-tit- 5+ heard Robin- 1+ * Varied Thrush - 6+ Hemnit Thrush- 1 heard * Golden crowned Kinglet-3+ Ruby-crowned Kinglet- 15+ * Myrtle Warbler-3 Audubon's Warbler- 1 heard Pine Siskin- 2+ heard Fox Sparrow-2 ? Lincoln's Sparrow-1 heard (dry "chick" call) Song Sparrow-several heard, hundred of oak moths out. likely Fox Sparrow (Nov. 27)

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Cogswell 1948 Journal Nov. 14 Rodeo Valley, Rodeo Lagoon, Fort Barry, 300' 60', Marin Co., Calif. - with my wife & son (and about 30 others) went on the field trip of the Audubon Association of the Pacific. We left the cars at the West Portal of the tunnel from the main gate to Fort Barry, and walked along the base of hills to the north of upper "Rodeo" Valley, varying over coverage between hill slopes with dried up weeds, grasses and the damp (even marshy) areas in little valley below. A short stretch of willows was passed near the inland end of the lagoon. A fairly careful count was kept enroute here, and an estimate of all birds seen on or near the lagoon was made after circling it. Weather was cloudy, with a little mist on ocean shore. Temperature about 50-55° F. Wind not over about 5 to 10 m.p.h. except right on the beach. Following is a list of the birds as recorded on a field card enroute, the 4 columns indi- cating a rough separation for the different habitats covered. Roman numerals indicate estimated numbers. Entries made in species accounts for those names followed by *.

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 12 Nov. 14 (cont.) 09:10 - 12:00 - Nov. 14, 1948 <-- distance covered (straight line) from N. portal of Mt. Barry Tunnel to Radco Lagoon along ocean shore there for short distance to S. Counts in columns 1 & 2 made while going along N. slope of valley. No count made on return up road on S. side. between 12:20-12:45 open bikeway { 2 mi. bottom of valley (muddy) + well over 3 1/8 mi. Radco Lagoon ocean off.

Cogsweel 1948 Journal 12 No. Duck, Ring-necked Canvas-back Duck, Greater Scaup Lesser Scaup Golden-eye, American Barrow's Buffle-head Old-squaw Duck, Harlequin Scoter, White-winged Surf American Duck, Ruddy Merganser, Hooded American Red-breasted Vulture, Turkey Condor, California Kite, White-tailed Goshawk Hawk. Sharp-shinned Cooper's Red-tailed Red-bellied Swainson's Am. Rough-leg. Fer. Rough-leg. Harris's Eagle, Golden Bald Hawk, Marsh Osprey Falcon, Prairie Hawk, Duck Pigeon Sparrow Grouse, Sooty Franklin's Ruffed Ptarmigan, Wh.-tailed Grouse, Sharp-tailed Sage Hen Partridge, Eur. Bob-white Quail, California Gambel's Mountain Pheasant, Ring-n. Crane, Little Brown Sandhill Rail, Cal. Clapper Virginia (heard) Sora Yellow Farallon Gallinule, Florida Coot Oyster-catcher, Black Plover, Snowy Semipalmated No. Plover, Mountain Killdeer Golden Black-bellied Surf-bird Turnstone, Ruddy Black Snipe, Wilson's Curlew, Long-billed Hudsonian Sandpiper, Spotted Solitary Tattler, Wandering Willet Yellow-legs, Greater Lesser Knot Sandpiper, Aleutian Pectoral Baird's Least Red-backed Dowitcher, Long-bill. Sandpiper, Western Godwit, Marbled Sanderling Avocet Stilt, Black-necked Phalarope, Red Wilson's Northern Jaeger, Pomarine Parasitic Long-tailed Gull, Glaucous Glaucous-winged Western Herring California Ring-billed Short-billed Laughing Bonaparte's Kittiwake, Pac. Gull, Sabine's Tern, Gull-billed Forster's Common Arctic Brown's Royal Elegant Caspian Black Murres, California Guillemot, Pigeon Murrelet, Marbled Xantus's Craveri's Ancient No. Auklet, Cassin's Paroquet Rhinoceros Puffin, Horned Tufted Dove, Mourning Chinese Spotted Ringed Turtle White-winged Mexican Ground Cuckoo, California Road-runner owl, Barn found. Screech Flam. Screech Horned Snowy Hawk Pygmy Elf Burrowing Spotted Great Gray Long-eared Short-eared Saw-whet Poor-will Nighthawk Texas Swift, Black Vaux's White-throated Hummingbird, Costa's Black-chinned Anna's Broad-tailed Rufous Allen's Calliope Kingfisher, Belted Flicker, Red-shafted Gilded Woodpecker, Pileated Gila California Lewis's Sapsucker, Red-naped Red-breasted Williamson's Woodpecker, Hairy Downy Cactus Nuttall's White-headed Arc. Three-toed Am. Three-toed Kingbird, Eastern Western Cassin's Flycatcher, Ash-thr. No. Phoebe, Black Say's Flycatcher, Little Hammond's Wright's Gray Western Pewee, Western Wood Flycatcher, Olive-s. Vermilion Lark, Horned Swallow, Violet-green Tree Bank Rough-winged Barn Cliff Martin, Purple Jay, Rocky Mt. Oregon Steller's (Crested) California Santa Cruz Magpie, American Yellow-billed Raven, American Crow Jay, Piñon Nutcracker, Clark's Chickadee, Black-c. Mountain Chestnut-backed Titmouse, Plain Verdin Bush-Tit Nuthatch, Slender-b. Red-breasted Pygmy Creepet Wren-Tit Dipper Wren, House Winter Bewick's Cactus Marsh Canyon Rock Mockingbird Catbird Thrasher, Bendire's California Leconte's Crissal Sage Robin Thrush, Varied Hermit Russet-backed Willow Copyright, 1938, National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds and Animals. Nov 21 Lakesport (see next page).

Journal No. No. 10 Bluebird, Western Mountain Solitaire, Townsend's Gnatcatcher, Western Plumbeous Black-tailed Kinglet, Golden-cr. Ruby-crowned 756 Pipit, American Waxwing, Bohemian Cedar Phainopepla Shrike, Northwestern California 1 Vireo, Hutton's Least Gray Cassin's Red-eyed Warbling Warbler, Bl. and Wh. Lutescent Dusky Calaveras Lucy's Yellow 2 Myrtle Audbon's Black-thr. Gray Townsend's Hermit Water-Thrush, Grin. Warbler, Macgilliv. Yellow-throat Chat, Long-tailed Warbler, Pileolated Redstart, American Sparrow, English Bobolink 70 Meadowlark, Western Blackbird, Yellow-h. Red-wing Bicolored Tricolored Oriole, Ariz. Hooded Scott's Bullock's Blackbird, Brewer's Cowbird CC Tanager, Western Cooper's Grosbeak, Bl.-headed Blue Bunting, Lazuli Grosbeak, Evening Finch, Cal. Purple Cassin's Purple House Grosbeak, Pine Finch, Rosy Redpoll Siskin, Pine Goldfinch Green-backed Lawrence's Crossbill, Red White-winged 1 Towhee, Green-tailed Spotted Brown Albert's Bunting, Lark Sparrow, Savannah Belding's Large-billed Grasshopper Vesper Lark Rufous-crowned Desert Bell's Sage Junco, Slate-colored Oregon Gray-headed Sparrow, Tree Chipping Brewer's Black-chinned Gambel's Puget Sound Nuttall's Golden-crowned White-throated 1262 Fox Lincoln's ? XXX Song Bunting, Snow Accidentals.................................... Total Species..............................Individuals... NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY 1000 Fifth Ave., New York 28, N. Y. 10 for $.25 50 for $1.00 5M-3-48 Printed in U. S. A. (next page).

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 13 Nov.21 - Lakeport to Upper Lake, Lake Co. Calif. while riding with Richard Taber in Calif. fish. Same car we noted only such birds as were conspicuous along the road. Seen on the lake at points where shore was close by were: White Pelican - 1 Western Grebe - 2+ Duck sp? - xoo Coot - 200 Belted Kingfisher - 1 Great Blue Heron - 2 In oak grassland areas along road several Mourning Doves, Western Meadowlarks, and lots of Sparrows were seen. - Upper Lake Ranger Station, Lake Co. Calif. 07:45 - 08:30 - I walked around the area just S. & W. of Ranger Sta., covering weedy road. sides, fields, brush piles, stream banks with tall willows, a few laurel (U.californica) & Quercus lobata. There was a heavy white frost on ground. List of birds recorded is Tabulated below: (p.15-17) - Lakeport to just W Kelseyville, Lake Co. Calif. most notable birds seen enroute thru this area of pear orchards were robins by the thousands and 1+ white-tailed kite * (see respective species accounts)

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 14 Nov 21. Lower Mahuke Ranch, 1650', 4 3/4 mi. S and 1+ mi. W from Kelseyville, Lake Co., Calif. 09:10-10:20 - covered this area from Mahuke's house to just NW of junction of Kelsey Creek and Ridow Creek. Total distance about 1 mile in a semi-circle. Included habitats: house + farm buildings with vegetable garden now gone to seed; chaparral (chiefly Cakestoma) hillsides; small orchard; rocky roadsides; and scattered valley oaks black walnuts, willows, & digger pines in area near creek. Lots of birds around here, and all are quite tame. Junicles especially noted as exceptionally easy to approach. List of birds seen is tabulated below: - - Upper Mahuke Ranch, 2100', and chaparral slopes to SW of it, 2 mi. S. of above locality. We reached this "Trails End" ranch by a tortuous very narrow road, which shows on War Dept topographic map (Kelseyville sheet). At one point one wheel was driving over the edge! 11:00-13:30 - we hiked in the chaparral area SW of buildings to top of 1st main ridge and back via same route. Distance about 1 1/3 mi. each way. Few birds seen. Listed with those seen from: 13:30-16:00 - we spent around clearing, along small canyon stream, & farm buildings. Areas included scattered digger pines, umbellularia californica, Valley + Live (wislegii?) oaks, and some madrone.

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 15 Nov. 21 (cont.). Knob cone pines occur in patches on NE facing slopes above the ranch. Madroves Lawrel, and Torrey's californica also near or above the 2500' level — but most of them quite small: like all th chaparral hereabout, was in process of recovery after various fires set by ranchers to try to open up the brush land. adenostoma probably most widespread shrub, then at least 2 sp. of ceanothus, 1 sp. of manzanita, and various "scrub" or spiny-leaved live-oaks and some mtn. mahogany. I took 2 photo- graphs — 1 of upper Kelley Cr. canyon from ranch house area, & 1 of Clear Lake from upper ridge. Tabulated list of birds recorded at the localities indicated; (* = entry in sp. acct) Upper Lake Ra.Sta. Lower Mahnke Rch. Upper Mahnke Rch. Sharp shined Hawk 1 Red. tailed Hawk 1 inn. * Marsh Hawk 1 * California Quail 5+ heard Ring-necked Pheasant (crow) 100+ heard Mourning Dove 6 2 Red-shafted Slicker 5 5+ 2 Acorn woodpecker 2 2 Red-breasted Con. Sapucker 2 ? 1

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 16 Upper Lake Ra. Sta. Lower Mahnke Rch. Upper Mahnke Rch. Nov. 21 (out.)- Hairy Woodpecker Downy Woodpecker Nuttall's Woodpecker Black Phoebe Scrub Jay Crow Plain Titmouse Bush. tit White-breasted Nuthatch Wren. tit Beewick's Wren Rock Wren California Thrasher Robin Hermit Thrush Western Bluebird Ruby-crowned Kinglet Am. Dipit Hutton's Vireo Audubon's Warbler Western Meadowlark Red-winged Blackbird - many Brewers Blackbird - " Purple Finch Pine Siskin Green-backed Goldfinch. Lawrence's Goldfinch Spotted Towhee 1 1 heard 1? 2 4 10± 15± 50+ 1 1 small flock 1 heard 15± 1 1 1 heard 2 sing! 1 10± 70± 1 3 1? 2 3 5 7 (fly over) 1 1 6 1, singing many " - 15± 5± - few heard 3 20± 10± 4 1 2 2

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Coppell 1948 Journal 17 # Upper Lake Ranger Sta. Lower Mahnke Ranch Upper Mahnke Ranch Nov 21 (cont.) Brown Towhee 3 5+ 4 *Bells Sparrow ?! Oregon Junco 5+ 10+ 20+ White crowned Sparrow 2 Golden crowned Sparrow 15 -several- 40+ Fox Sparrow 10+ (1 Sang) Song Sparrow 5+ 1 Nov 25 San Francisco Bay Shore, Albany & E. Richmond, alameda & Contra Costa cos., Calif. 11:30-12:30 - I made the following count of water birds in the area from just N.of base of St. Isabel (but not going off main highway, so :. missing some birds well out on the sides of the peninsula) S. to Fleming Dt. (N. end of Golden Gate Fields Race track). The tide was going out rapidly & in fact the great mass of birds toward the end were too far away to identify as to species, hence the ?? on the nos. of some. Entries under species accounts for those marked : * Horned Grebe - 1 Eared Grebe - 6+ Western Grebe - 6+ Pintail 2500 (careful estimate) Canvasback 300 est. Lesser Scaup 5+ {15,000 diving ducks * Golden eye (sp?) - 34 well out in bay, majority prob. there}

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 18 Nov. 25 (cont'd.) Scoters sp.? - numbers with distinct scapes Buddy Duck - 300 est. Red-breasted Merganser - 34 Coot - 15+ Xuldees - 12 Black-bellied Plover - 30+ Willet - 350 est. Least Sandpiper - 3800 estimated nos. Red-backed Sandpiper - 6200 arrived at by Western Sandpiper - 4600 "sampling" % of Marbled Godwit - 2 each sp. in closer Sanderling 8+ flocks + applying Avocet 2 same to est. of Glaucous-winged Gull - 200+ whole mass Western Gull 70 est. Herring Gull 1+ California Gull 100 est. Ring-billed Gull 100-est. Short-billed Gull 160 est. Bonaparte's Gull 150 est. Horster's Tern 15+ Nov. 27 - Jewell Lake & vicinity (hill to W.) Tilden Regional Park Contra Costa Co. NE of Berkeley, Calif. 10:20 - 11:40 - with my wife & son I walked along bridle trail from end of road, up steep " " at extreme N.W. corner of park to N.W. of lake. Complete list of birds seen.

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Coggswell 1948 Journal 19 Nov 27 (cont'd.) is entered in my roll book and on check list below. Entries in species accounts of those marked *. - Sequoia Regional Park, Oakland, Alameda Co. Caly. We ate lunch at about 12:20 - 12:40 at look out point at edge of dense grove of small redwoods. Then walked until about 1:15 P.M. we hiked a 1/2 mile or so down w. side of hill to small canyon, along the "contoured bridle trail" back to lookout point. Most notable birds were abundant Varied Thrushes. List & estimated No. of birds seen at above 2 localities Audubon Daily Field Card Occurring in the Pacific States Birds of California, Oregon and Washington) Observer: J.H. Cogswell (D) Localy & Climax: Sequoia Regl. Date Nov. 27 1948 Time Weather Clear; Fog early. Wind Subsperies with the exception of a few forms, easily recog- nizable in the field, are omitted. (# = doubt to many to note) Put a more detailed account of today's observations in a sep- arate notebook. Maybe you have seen something new! No. Loon, Common Pacific Red-throated Grebe, Holboell's Tringa Pied-billed Anatros, Black-t. Short-tailed Shearwater, St. bill. Sooty Black-vented Pink-footed Fulmar, Pacific Petrel, Fork-tailed Beal's Black Ashy Socorro Pelican, White California Brown Cormorant, Farallon Brandt's Mar-o-War-bird Iseron, Great Blue No. Egret, Brewer's Heron, Anh. Green Black-cr. Night Bittern, American Lark Thrush, Wood Glossy Swar Whistling Goose, Canada Hutchins' Cracking's Brant, Black Goose, Emperor White-fronted Snow Ross's Tree-duck, Fulvous Mallard Gadwall Widgeon. European Baldpate Phail Teal, Green-winged Blue-winged Cinnamon Shoveler Duck, Wood Redhead 1 i 2

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No. 4 21 18 *Duck, Ring-necked (27, 29) Canvas-back Duck, Greater Scaup Lesser Scaup Golden-eye, American Barrow's Buffle-head Old-squaw Duck, Harlequin Scoter, White-winged Surf American Duck, Ruddy Merganser, Hooded American Red-breasted Vulture, Turkey Condor, California Kite, White-tailed Goshawk Hawk, Sharp-shinned Cooper's Red-tailed (many-enroute) Red-bellied Swainson's Am. Rough-leg. Fer. Rough-leg. Harris's Eagle, Golden Bald Hawk, Marsh Osprey Falcon, Prairie Hawk, Duck Pigeon Sparrow Grouse, Sooty Franklin's Ruffed Ptarmigan, Wh.-tailed Grouse, Sharp-tailed Sage Hen Partridge, Eur. Bob-white Quail, California -1covey Gambel's Mountain Pheasant, Ring-n. Crane, Little Brown Sandhill Rail, Cal. Clapper Virginia Sora Yellow Farallon Gallinule, Florida Coot Oyster-catcher, Black Plover, Snowy Semipalmated 2 est: (25) 3 15+ No. *2 # 1+ # Plover, Mountain Killdeer Golden Black-bellied Surf-bird Turnstone, Ruddy Black Snipe, Wilson's Curlew, Long-billed Hudsonian Sandpiper, Spotted Solitary Tattler, Wandering Willet Yellow-legs, Greater Lesser Knot Sandpiper, Aleutian Pectoral Baird's Least Red-backed Dowitcher, Long-bill. Sandpiper, Western Godwit, Marbled Sanderling Avocet Stilt, Black-necked Phalarope, Red Wilson's Northern Jaeger, Pomarine Parasitic Long-tailed Gull, Glaucous Glaucous-winged Western Herring California Ring-billed Short-billed Laughing Bonaparte's Kittiwake, Pac. Gull, Sabine's Tern, Gull-billed Forster's Common Arctic Brown's Royal Elegant Caspian Black Murre, California Guillemot, Pigeon Murrelet, Marbled Xantus's Craveri's Ancient gulls all going toward San Pablo Reservoir. No. 4+ 1 Auklet, Cassin's Paroquet Rhinoceros Puffin, Horned Tufted Dove, Mourning Chinese Spotted Ringed Turtle White-winged Mexican Ground Cuckoo, California Road-runner Owl, Barn Screech Flam. Screech Horned Snowy Hawk Pygmy Elf Burrowing Spotted Great Gray Long-eared Short-eared Saw-whet Poor-will Nighthawk Texas Swift, Black Vaux's White-throated Hummingbird, Costa's Black-chinned Anna's Broad-tailed Rufous Allen's Calliope Kingfisher, Belted Flicker, Red-shafted Gilded-Flicker (C. auratus) Woodpecker, Pileated ? Gila California Lewis's Sapsucker, Red-naped Red-breasted Williamson's Woodpecker, Hairy Downy (heard in woods) Cactus Nuttall's White-headed Arc. Three-toed Am. Three-toed Kingbird, Eastern Western Cassin's Flycatcher, Ash-thr. No. 1 1 5/8 *1-2 30+ (2 flocks) * 16+3 5+ 1 2 # * 10+3 Phoebe, Black Say's Flycatcher, Little Hammond's Wright's Gray Western Pewee, Western Wood Flycatcher, Olive-s. Vermilion Lark, Horned Swallow, Violet-green Tree Bank Rough-winged Barn Cliff Martin, Purple Jay, Rocky Mt. Oregon Steller's (Crested) California Santa Cruz Magpie, American Yellow-billed Raven, American Crow Jay, Piñon Nutcracker, Clark's Chickadee, Black-c. Mountain Chestnut-backed Titmouse, Plain Verdin Bush-Tit (2 flocks) Nuthatch, Slender-b. Red-breasted Pygmy Creeper Wren-Tit Dipper Wren, House Winter Bewick's Cactus Marsh Canyon Rock Mockingbird Catbird Thrasher, Bendire's California Leconte's Crissal Sage Robin Thrush, Varied Hermit Russet-backed Willow

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Coggswell 1948 Journal 19 * * No. 7 23 Duck, Ring Gull, California Duck, Snipe, Golden-ey Barrow's Buffle-head Old-squaw Duck, Harl Scoter, Wht Sur American Duck, Rude Meranser American Red-bress Vulture, T Condor, C Kite, White Goshawk Hawk, Sha Cooper's Red-tailed Red-belle Am. Roug fer. Roug Harris, G Bald, Ma Hawke, Mal Sprery Pr Hareon Pa Plover, Dac 2 1/2 * * No. 15 3 Yellow Sora Virginia Rail, Cal Sandhill Crane, Lih Mountain Phesant, Gambel's Sage Hen Partridge Bob-white Quail, Cal Grouse, SI Franklin's Grouse, Sc Ruffed Plumigam Coot Falalon Oyster-cat Plover, Sm Semipalm 3 No. 1 201 # Bluebird, Western Mountain, Townsend's Solitaire, Western Chachalaca Western Black-tailed Ringlet, Golden-cr. Ruby-crowned Pilil American Waxwing, Boheman Cedar phainoplea Shrike, Northwestern California Vireo, Hutton's (m william) Least Cassin's Red-eyed Warbling Warbler, Bl. and Wh. Lutescent Dusky Calaveras Lucy's Yellow Myrtle Audubon's Black-thr. Gray Townsend's Hermit Western Thrush, Grim Yellow-throat Water Macgillii. Chai Long-tailed Warbler, Pileolated Redstart, American Sparrow, English Bobolink Meadowlark, Western Blackbird, Yellow-h. Bicolored Red-wing Tricolored Oriole, Ariz. Hooded Scott's Bullock's Brewer's Cowbird 1/2 No. 1 2+ # Tanager, Western Cooper's Grosbeak, Bl.-head Blue Bunting, Lazuli Grosbeak, Evening Finch, Cal. Purple Cassin's purple House Finch, Rosy Grosbeak, Pine Redpoll Siskin, Pine Goldinch Green-backed Lawrence's Crossbill, Red White-winged Towhee, Green-tail Spotted Brown Albert's Bunting, Lark Sparrow, Savannah Birding's Large-billed Grasshopper Yelder Rufa Desert Bells Sage Juncos, Slate-clocc Gray-headed Chipping Tree Brewer's Black-chinned Gambel's Nuttall's Golden-crowned White-throated Fox Lincoln's Burning, Snow 301 Accidentals. Total Species Individuals. NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY 1000 Fifth Ave., New York 28, N. Y. 10 for $25 50 for $1.00 Dec. 5 Coggswell vicinity, Fiddcr Regional Park, Contra Costa Co. NE of Berkeley, Calif. 08:30 - about 09:50 - In a rain varying from fine mist to wind-driven drops us 4 of ornithology class students accompanied Dr. A. B.

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 20 Dec. 5 (cont.) Miller from foot of Canyon Drive (Spruce St. entrance to Park) to E. and N. sides of Jewell L. -> return. Birds were notably active despite the rain, especially woodpeckers, bark foragers such as titmice, bush tits, kinglets, and quail. Water birds present were, of course, unaffected. The most conspicuous absences on our species list over those normally present here (as witness records in my roll book (above) brief visit here on Nov. 27) were the warblers (Audubon's & myrtle) and most of the sparrows & finches. Of the com- plete list of species (as entered in roll book) the following are noteworthy: *=entry in species act. Mallard - 15+ impairs Pintail 3+ Shoveller 1 pr. * Ring-necked Duck - 28, 17 Canvasback - 10+ * Lesser Scaup - 2 f * Am. (?) Golden-eye - 3 f * Calif. Rail - 2 coveys, 13 Virginia Rail - heard * Sora Rail - 1 seen Coot - 35 act. Wilson's Snipe - 1 * Acorn Woodpecker - 1 * Chestnut-b. Chickadee - 1 Golden Cr. Kinglet - 2+

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 21 Richmond 28 Dec. 18 Enroute on "San Rafael Ferry", Castro Point, Richmond, Contra Costa Co., to S.E. of San Quentin, Marin Co. Calif.: The following birds were seen while on ferry or from the piers & approaches from either end of the run. Time: 8:35 - 8:50 AM. + : Loon (sp? ) - 39 - mostly flying Red throated Loon - 1 - from N. shore Western Grebe . 50 (est.) Red billed Grebe - 1 imm. - along Marin Co. shore Brown Pelican - 4 Double crested } Cormorant - 200 (est.) - both species Brandt's identified. Great Blue Heron - 1 - Marin Co. shore American Egret - 6 - " " (males) Am. Pintail - 2 - " " (females) Canvasback - 300 (est.) Lesser Scaup Duck - 200 (est.) Am. Golden eye - 20 (est.) Bufflehead - 4 White winged Scoter - 6 Surf Scoter - 200 (est.) Puddy Duck - 300 (est.) - near Marin shore (mostly) Red breasted Merganser - 8 + Am. Coot - 1 (in open bay) # others al. Marin shore Glaucous winged Gull - 3 + Western, & California Gulls - numerous .

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 22 Dec. 18 (contd.) Ring billed Gull - 1 Bonapartes Gull . 1 -Tomales Bay & vicinity, Marin Co., Calif. with Dr. Alden H. Miller, and several members of his ornithology class, plus Mr. & Mrs. Harry Adamson of Berkeley, I arrived at S. end of the bay about 10:00 A.M. (P.S.T.). I rode in Yullion's car with Bob Bailey & the Adamsons. Itinerary was as follows: 1. Brief stop at road junction 1/2 mi. S. St. Regis Station. No coverage except from 1 spot in road. 2.-Drove up W side of bay, stopping at 2 points between Inverness Park & Inverness to look across marshes & So. end of Bay. 3.- Another scanning of bay at Inverness. 4.- Drove to end of road above Shell Beach, turned around & back around So. end of bay and up East side of bay to a landing (+ bar) establishment about .6 mi. SSE of Hamlet. During this driving we noted only such birds as could be recorded from the cars. We ate lunch, and at about 12:30, we rented two boats at this landing. 5. R.W. Stoner, Earl Bowers, Bob Bailey, and I took one boat & rowed out almost to Hog Isd in center of bay opposite the landing.

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 23 Dec. 18 (cont'd) p.3 Thence NWW a little way to investigate a large floating mass of eel-grass. Storen expressed himself as gratified at the amount of eel-grass present, as it had been so seriously depleted as to be a probable factor in the reduction of Black Brant in the region during several winters. The weather was clear, with very little wind. The water was clear and sparkling. Scoters' golden-eyes' wings whined & whistled on their frequent take- offs. (6). Soon, Dr. Miller & the others in the other boat, powered by an outboard motor, took us in tow and we proceeded toward the mouth of the bay, keeping close to the SW shore as we went further out, & then beached the boats at a beach on SW shore just beyond the sand bar at the bay mouth and about 4 miles from our starting point. (7) - From the beaching spot we walked on to (Tomales Bluff on US 65 map) the top of Tomales Point, about 1 mi. distant; scanned the cliffs, rocks, & ocean from there, then, a short way along the side of the point facing the open ocean, & back over the hilltop to the boats. The vegetation on the slopes of the point is chiefly bush lupine in irregularly spaced chaparral - grassland type of vegetation.

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Logswell 1948 Journal 24 Dec. 18 p.4 (contd). The sparrows were common in such an area, as would be expected. In the larger, more protected gulches are dense thickets of Bosa sp. The one quail call heard came from such a place. The only trees within a mile (probably much more) of the point are two Cupressus macrocarpa and a few small eucalyptus in 2 different spots -- all apparently planted by ranchers. The land here is grazed, but apparently not too severely, since a lot of fresh green annuals (chiefly chickweed) and some grass is coming up after the recent rains, although several Herefords were seen. a list of the birds (& mammals) observed on the bay or around its S.W. and E. margins + those seen on the point follows: (numbers are estimates made at end of trip). (* = entry made under species account): near So. from boat Tomells Point end of Bay (Nog 1 - Sand Pt.) - (on & near) * Common Loon 10+ * Arctic Loon 10 + 200+ * Red-throated Loon 1 15+ altogether *(Holboell's) Red-necked Grebe 4 * Horned Grebe 50 200 50 * Eared Grebe 20 20 10 * Western Grebe 20 25 5 Red-billed Grebe 1 2

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 25 Dec. 18 (cont., p. 5) near. S.E. end of Bay from boat Hog Del.' to Sand Pt. Tomales Point * white Pelican 100 5 Brown Pelican 30 50 * Double-crested Cormorant several several * Brandt's Cormorant many many Pelagic Cormorant 15 Great Blue Heron 15+ (all areas) (am.) Common Egret 10 1 Black-crowned Night Heron 3 immatures * Black Brant 400 * Emperor Goose 1 Mallard many Baldpate 300 Pintail many Shoveller ? Lesser Scaup Duck 100 * Com. Golden-eye 150 * Bufflehead 200 * Harlequin Duck 5 White-winged Scoter 30+ Surf Scoter 1000 many Buddy Duck 100 50 Red-breasted Merganser 40 1 * Turkey Vulture 19 2 Sharp-shinned Hawk 1 Red-tailed Hawk 1 ?/im. Peregrine Falcon 1 Sparrow Hawk 5

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 26 Dec. 18 (cont. p6) |near So. end of bay| from boat, (fog S. to sand pt.) Tomales Point California Quail 1 heard. Am. Coot many - 500 * Black Oyster-catcher 2 Killdeer 1 Black-bellied Plover 1 Spotted Sandpiper 2 Willet 10 1 Greater Yellow-legs 1 small sandpiper (probably Least + western) - many - * Sanderling (?) 2000 Avocet 20 Glaucous-winged - many Western - many Herring - 3+ California - many {Skulls - not segregated as to locality. Ring-billed Gull 1 Bonaparte's Gull 5 Heermann's Gull 2 1 Com. Murrie 1 * Oregon Shilleroot 2 Band-tailed Pigeon 25+ (flying over Inverness ridge) at noon. Belted Kingfisher 3 * Red-shafted Flicker 2 1 Black Phoebe 8 2 Say's Phoebe 1 * Scrub Jay 1 Com. Raven 2+

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 27 Dec. 18 (cont., p. 7) new so. end of bay from boat (Hog J. to Sand Pt.) Tomales Point Crow 2 (*) Bush. tit 30 (*) Wren. tit 3 2 Bewick's Wren 3 Robin 30 Varied Thrush 1 (at Inverness) Western Bluebird 1 (at Olema) Ruby. crowned Kinglet 5 Water Pipit heard Loggerhead Shrike 2 (*) Audubon's Warbler 15 5 West. Meadowlark 5 Brewer's Blackbird many House Finch many Spotted Towhee 1 White crowned Sparrow - many many golden crowned Sparrow. 1+ [seen by] Bob Bailey (*) Fox Sparrow 1+ (*) Song Sparrow many 10+ * Raccoon tracks only (along shore) * Calif. Sea Lion several * Harbor Seal 50 Cottontail (?) Rabbit many * Black-tailed Deer 4+ Whale (sp?) sputing, way offshore.

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 28 Dec. 20 - Milroy, Santa Clara Co., along state highway # 33 ♼, and over Pacheco Pass. In this area we stopped only to look at such birds as were interesting right along the roadsides. Chief item of note: 1 Buteo regalis (immature) on a near plowed field with several ground squirrels scurrying over the bare earth nearby. This at large ranch at base of first hills E Milroy. The hills here are covered with scattered Q. lobata & Q. douglasii (?) near the base and in the higher "flats" near the pass, with a smattering of very short chaparral along the steeper slopes, at least to the west, and open grassland elsewhere. There are large sycamores in the canyons & washes. - Los Baños area, Merced Co., Calif. We stopped the car, got out for 10 minutes at a bridge over creek about 1½ mi. w of town. Although the creek beds coming down from the hills around Pacheco Pass were absolutely dry, this one is running fairly full of slightly muddy water (among the tall dry weeds of the summer's period). 2 coots scuttled away thru the weeds. at about 3 mi. E. of town we came to a dirt road which leaves route 33 at an

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 29 Dec.20 (p.2) angle of about 40° and runs SE along, between extensive gem club grounds. We drove down it for a mile or more and back, looking for ducks & shorebirds, mostly from the car. There is plenty of water here; but very few ducks. I have a feeling the water has only been here since the rains of a few days ago, and the ducks do not yet find abundant food in it. If this is not the case, the duck population is way, way down, judging from what I have heard of "normal" conditions at Los Baños. We also checked some other ponds further E along route 33 (but W. of Dos Palos). Following is an estimate of waterfowl numbers, by species, which we saw in about 1 mile along the dirt road & 3-4 miles along route 33: White Pelican - 10 Badwall 20 Great Blue Heron 3 Shorelter 1000 Com. Egret 7 Black Sallinule 2 Snow Goose 1300 Am. loot 3500 (in 2 flocks on ground Kilddcer 2 about 5 mi. E. Los Baños) Long-billed curlew 4 Mallard 1 Greater Yellow-leps 3 Cinnamon Teal 2+ Least Sandpiper 15 Green-winged Teal 100 Dowittler 80 Pintail 15 Shell (Cal. or Dwy. B.) 3+ Baldpatc 2&

Coggswell 1948 Journal 30 (4/3) Dec. 20- approx. 5 mi N Dos Palos, Merced Co., Calif. 3:15 P.M. C.D.S.T. a flock of blackbirds estimated at 2000 individuals was seen engaging in elaborate aerial maneuvers, twisting turning swooping up to great heights only to come soon into an abrupt stop in a leafless tree in a farm- yard at N.W. corner of junction of state highways 152 & 33. While they were perched in the tree I identified both agelaius phoeniceus & a. tricolor males among them. The flock was over half composed of birds in 4 plumage. A second series of maneuvers indulged in a few minutes later was not so long continued nor so elaborate, and ended in flock splitting into several smaller ones which perched in various trees or on wires in the vicinity. -19-21 mi. S. Mendota, Fresno Co., Calif. The country here is very desolate, not plowed or disked and yet with practically no vegetation on the ground. However, in the two areas represented by the mileages mentioned 5. from Mendota (along hiway 33), we saw flocks of mountain clover [see sp. account].

Cogswell 1948 Journal 31 Dec.20 (p.4): at the latter locality (21 mi. S.) the flock was mixed with Horned Larks. Here also a side road leads off the paved road to the east to join a service road along a hi. Tension power line which more or less parallels the highway. Since there was a large flock of ravens on the ground near the power line we drove over to count them & investigate. --- also to look for cranes on the low flat we could just see in the distance. The flock of ravens, estimated at 80, struggled up to perch on the power lines and a few to heelble a pair of golden eagles [see page] perched a few towers away. --- No cranes. The only other bird seen near here was 1 Say's Phoebe. Dec.21- State Elk Preserve vicinity, Tugman, Kern Co., Calif. We left Taft at 8:10 this AM & came here after stopping along Kern Canal & River at NW.end of Buena Vista Lake Bed: The canal has stagnant water all along it (with a few song sparrows, etc., in brush nearby); the river is absolutely dry, and Buena Vista Lake nearly so despite recent rains in the state (but I don't know about here).

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Cogswell 1948 32 Journal Dec. 21 - (p.2) along the canal near highway US. 399 bridge the following birds were seen: Great Blue Heron - 2 (Am.) Common Egret - 3 Snowy Egret - 3 Mallard - 1 & flew up & circled overhead repeatedly. Red-tailed Hawk - 2 Coot - 1 Song-billed Marsh Wren - | heard. English & Song Sparrows. at the preserve itself we drove in the road which crosses the canal just E of Tupman & looked around the picnic area (with somewhat tumbledown buildings) & along canal bank in willows there. we found no elk here, but tallied a few birds [see below] and drove out again to just NW of Tupman where elk were grazing or resting all across the flats inside the fence but on highway side of the willow bordered canal. [See entry under Cervus nanodes]. The following birds were also noted either in self preserve itself or along the road from Tupman to Buttonwillow vicinity, the land in this area being irrigated farmland with either ripe cotton or green alfalfa now on it:

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Cogswell 1948 33 Journal Dec. 21 (p.3) Tripman to Buttonwillow, Kern Co. Calif.-cont'd. Bied-billed Streebe - 5 (canal) Great Blue Heron - 5 (canal) Common Egret - 5 (fields) Snowy Egret - 1 (canal) Red-tailed Hawk - 3 Marsh Hawk - 3 Sparrow Hawk - 8 Killdeer - 25+ * Mourning Dove - 5 (perched in trees above grazing elk). Red-shafted Flicker - 4 * Downy Woodpecker - 1 Say's Phoebe - 1 Crow - 2 (on ? Raven) Mockingbird - 1 Robin - 2 Ruby-crowned Kinglet - 1 heard * Water Pipit - 2000 (est.) Loggerhead Shrike - 5 Audubon's Warbler - several common English Sparrow - in Buttonwillow Wst. Meadowlark - 35+ Red-winged Blackbird - 500+ Brewer's Blackbird - 200+ White-crowned Sparrow - 1+ * Golden-crowned Sparrow - 1 (* = entry in species) (account) - Carrizo Plain, S.F. San Luis Obispo Co. Calif. We detoured thus here on the advice of Carl Noford, who said this is the place for cranes which we want to see again. The major part of the plain is now plowed or disked - wide expanses are nothing but bare earth. Even where not turned up the soil is practically bare, and

Cogswell 1948 34 Journal Dec.21 (p.4) Soda Lake has only a little water in the middle of a large alkali area. Scanning of all likely looking areas (those with anything resembling grass) revealed no cranes. The only birds recorded in the whole area, from NE of Soda Lake past its west shore to SE end of plain, were: Sparrow Hawk - 2 * Horned Lark - 2500 est. (3 large flocks) * Common Raven - 163 (counted), Mountain Bluebird - 10± Sagehead Shrike - 2 House Finch - 20± [at corral 2 mi. from Savannah Sparrow - 2 SE end of plain]. along Caspar Rd., 4 mi E o 1½ mi S of Port Hueneme, Ventura Co., Calif. (1-3 mi. from Laguna Mugu — salt water). Birds in Ventura Co. > Mugu Game "Preserves" [duck shooting clubs] were scanned from the road, only a few items of interest recorded under the following species accounts: Badwall Turkey Vulture White-tailed Kite Red-shouldered Hawk Peregrine Falcon Ring-necked Pheasant Tree Swallow Tri colored Blackbird

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 35 Dec. 25 - Recreation Glen Club to Ballona Creek from 1 mi'. inland to mouth, Venice and Playa del Rey, L.A. Co. Calif. - From about 9:00 to 11:15 A.M. I surveyed the areas here which I expect to cover on the Los Angeles Christmas Bird Count day after tomorrow. Weather clear & cold. The large mud. flat, where the shorebirds & gulls were always in greatest abundance up to a year or so ago at least, has been diked so that tide does not enter it. The slight % of [illegible] it that was covered with recent rain water apparently offered no attraction. The "marsh" here is being rapidly abolished by draining, diking, & mosquito control operations year after year. However several good "northern" birds were on the nearby lagoons: Holboells Grebe - 1 (see species acct.) Horned Grebe - 5t Golden-eye - 34 (see species acct.). Bufflehead - 74 and contrastingly there were also 2 Black- necked Stilts at the lagoon by the N. entrance to Ohio Oil Co. - the same area where two wintered in previous years.

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Coggswell 1948 Journal 36 Dec. 26 summit of Mt. Wilson, alt. 5700-5750', San Gabriel Mts., Los Angeles Co., Califs. Together with Dr. Robt. L. Taylor of Flintridge and Ralph Mall & Arnold Small of Los Angeles I arrived here at 6:40 A.M. (C.D.S.T.), about an hour before daylight. We covered all strategic points of the summit area listening for owls, but heard none. Wind blowing up to 30 m.p.h. or so in gusts made effective listening difficult. Just before dawn the wind died down to nearly 0 (at times) - but still no owls. There was about 1 ft. of snow in all protected places; minimum temp last night (as recorded on max.,-min. temp at observatory) was 26°F. Starting a re-coverage of the area as soon as it was light we tallied the following birds as our share of the Pasadena Christmas Bird Count: Red-shafted Slicker - 1 Acorn Woodpecker - 7 Red-breasted Sapsucker - 1 Nuttall's Woodpecker - 1 Steller's Jay - 19 Scrub Jay - 5 Mountain Chickadee - 16 Plain Titmouse - 2 Brown Creeper - 1 White-breasted Nuthatch - 4 *Wren, tit - 2 (8, 9 heard singing at dawn) Bewick's Wren 1 *Varied Thrush - 1 Townsend Solitaire?) 1? Cassin's Finch - 13

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Cogswell 1948 37 Journal Dec. 26 (contd). Oregon Junco - 35 (estimated), (mostly in flock around hotel feeding station). Golden-crowned Sparrow - 1 immature. (at edge of chaparral on S. face of "Summit"). Dec. 27- Baldwin Hills in area around La Brea, Slauson, Centinela aves, southwestern Los Angeles, Calif 6:40 - 7:40 A.M. 1:25 - 5:00 P.M. } see below: -Recreation Run Club & Ballona Creek areas, Venice & Playa del Rey, Los Angeles Co., Calif. 8:00 - 8:30 AM ; 9:45 AM - 12:10 PM. 5:00 - 6:00 PM. Ralph Mall & I covered the above 2 areas during the times indicated as our part of the Los Angeles Christmas Bird Count. Altho the count is published in Audubon Field Notes all birds are listed there in one master list ; but since we segregated our count by habitats, it seems worthwhile to record the results here. & The weather was a series of showers approaching from NW every hour or two until early afternoon, when the clear period lasted a bit longer and we got out into the canyon above Holy Cross Cemetery for most of our land birds. Species marked * in the following list have entries under the respective species headings:

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 38 Dec.27 (p2). Column No:- Habitat: observing Hrs spent in each: I II III IV V salt marsh weed field beach barnyard fields estuary tidal creek jetty cemetery, golf course Fields Roadsides Roadsides 2:55 1:00 :30 :45 2:50 Common Loon 1 Arctic Loon 1 *Holboell's Grebe 1 Horned Grebe 2 Eared Grebe 8 15 Western Grebe 1+ Red-failed Grebe 1 Double. crested Cormorant 3 Great Blue Heron 12 Common Egret 7 9 Snowy Egret 30 10 Black-crowned Night Heron 14 8± Hadiwall 2 Baldpate 25± 4 Pintail 400± Green-winged Teal 60 Shoveller 300± Canvasback 40 Lesser Scaup Duck 160 15 Bufflehead [cf. Dec.25] 1+ same area Ruddy Duck 90± 100± Red-breasted Merganser 10± 4 Surf Scoter many. Sharp-shinned Hawk 1 Red-tailed Hawk 2 4

Cogswell 1948 Journal 39 Dec.27 (p.3) - Column No. (see p.2)- I II III IV V Marsh Hawk 2 2 Sparrow Hawk 3 10 California Quail 8 Clapper Rail 1 1 Am. Coot 350± 10 Snowy Plover 15± Ringed Plover 27 Killdeer 5 13 Black-bellied Plover 180± 5 Surf. bird 9 Reddy Turnstone 1+ Black Turnstone many for this locality 25± Long-billed Curlew 2 Hudsonian Curlew 4 2 2 Willet 700± 300± Least Sandpiper [notably few] 8+ Red-backed Sandpiper 150± Dowitcher 500± Western Sandpiper 1000± Marbled Godwit 200± Sanderling many Am. Avocet 200± Black-necked Stilt 2 Glaucous-winged Gull 1 many Western Gull ">" Herring Gull 2 California Gull 60± 10±

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Cogswell Journal 40 Dec. 27. (p.4). column No. (see p.2) -> I II III IV V Ring-billed Gull 15+ 10+ Short-billed New Hall 10 *Franklin's Gull 1 Bonaparte's Gull 500+ Heermann's Gull 1+ Horster's Tern 1 Mourning Dove 13 8 30 Chinese Spotted Dove 1 1 Burrowing Owl 1 1 Anna's Hummingbird 3 1 Belted Kingfisher 2 2 Red-shafted Flicker 1 Say's Phoebe 丰 1 *Horned Lark 600+ Bush. Tit 30+ House Wren in low bush in canyon above cemetery. 4 Bewick's Wren 1 Mockingbird 3 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 1 Water Pipit 1 2 Loggerhead Shrike 1 2 2 Audubon's Warbler 9# Yellow-throat 2 1 2 English Sparrow 80+ West. Meadowlark 7 17 2 28 Red-wing (Com) 5 4 Brewer's Blackbird 120+

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 41 Dec. 27. (p.5) Column No. (see p.2) I II III IV V * Brown headed Cowbird 12 House Finch 5 2 24 400+ Am. Goldfinch 1 3 Green backed Goldfinch 5 Brown Towhee 1 11 Savannah Sparrow 70* 9+ (including at least: Belding's - 1 Large billed - 4+ White crowned Sparrow - 15 3 14 320+ Song Sparrow 4 12 Dec. 29 Laguna Niguel, Ventura Co., Calif. - While we were looking over the shorebirds, etc. from Highway US-101 here, the Goodyear blimp came flying over the area at a good 800 - 1000 feet altitude. The birds picked up en masse & flew around & around only settling down again after the blimp had passed. Pelicans, cormorants, great blue herons, shorebirds, gulls, & ducks were all in the flocks giving this response. A plane flying over at that altitude would not cause such a flight I am sure. However, on Dec. 28 (the I didn't write it up at the time), a similar flight including masses of ducks & geese occurred when a rocket was fired from the guided missile center here.

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Cogswell 1948 Journal Dec. 30. San Luis Obispo and 2 mi. SW to vicinity of Laguna School, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. Starting the daytime coverage of the Morro Bay Christmas Bird Count area at 8:20 A.M. we worked along fields with weedy borders and along 2 short stretches of willow bordered stream beds for about 1 1/2 hrs. with 1/2 hr. or so more around the cemetery at edge of town. The complete list of birds counted (see my roll book) includes a few noteworthy items: Red-breasted Con. Sapsucker - 1 on pepper tree of row of such trees around cemetery Robins, west. Bluebirds, Waxwings - in flocks around the cemetery; these were only ones of those species seen in the area. They fed both on the pepper tree berries, and on pyracantha berries from sprigs which had been placed on graves. Audubon Warbler - [see sp. account] Tri-colored Blackbird - " " Brown-headed Cowbird - " " - Los Osos Valley, 6 mi. W or 1 mi. N of San Luis Obispo, S.L.O. Co., Calif. - a single 30+ acre plowed field with some standing water contained an estimated 250 Killdeer and 600 Black-bellied Plover. 3 Snipe were also flushed from the grass along the small creek by a red-tailed hawk which stooped from trees near Los Osos School

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 43 Dec. 30 (p.2) either at them or something else nearby. South end of Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. From 11:00 to 11:30 I walked along a beautiful unspoiled beach with flocks of birds on the sand amid giant peino clam shells. The long strand running up to the north from here, separating Morro Bay from the ocean, is a wonderful spot for the study of dune vegetation. Birds seen on the beach or ocean nearby were: Common Loon - 1 Red-throated (?) Loon - 1 Brown Pelican - 1 Black Brant - 8 (flew over) Baldpat - 5 (

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Cogs well 1948 Journal Dec.30 (p.3) Baywood Park, S.E. side of Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. - Hunters here were bringing in several ducks apiece from boat-shooting in the bay. I saw [illegible] the following in about 5 men's bags: 3 black brant | 3 lesser scaup none 1 baldpate | 1-4 bufflehead seen 1 green-winged teal | 4- surf scoter shore 1 shoveller | 10+ - mudday duck all day There were thousands of coots all across the S. end of the bay, but the hunters paid less attention to them than they did to the hunters. Many ruddies were scattered thru the flocks of coots. From the shore just N. of the "town" I scanned the bay, then worked around the E. side to the State Park. Estimates of total waterfowl population will be entered below - - Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. [from N.of Baywood Park around E. end to State Park boat landing & then to N. side of bay mouth]. This afternoon we covered this area for a Christmas Bird Count, but I took no notes while doing it, since there were so many birds I was too busy. The number of hunters in the S. end of the bay resulted in most of the ducks being buddled in masses around in the Salicornia marshes

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 45 Ex. 30 (p.4) of the state park area; and the brant circled & circled high over the bay, but only once were successful in getting down on the water. Our tally of the birds in this area follows, all large numbers being estimates: [* = entry under species account]. Common Loon - 2 Arctic Loon - 1 Red-throated Loon - 2 Horned Grebe - 20 + Eared Grebe - 12 + Western Grebe - 25+ Red-billed Gulls - 2 White Pelican - 100+ Brown Pelican - 14 Double-crested Cormorant - 45+ * Great Blue Heron - 63 Am. Corm Egret - 12 Snowy Egret - 2 * Whistling Swan - 1 Brant - 700 + Dabbling ducks (sp?)-1000+ (seemed too far away) Baldpate 160 Pintail 700 Green-winged Teal-800 Shoveller 300+ Canvasback 3 Surf Scoter - 100 + Ruddy Duck - 350 (250 at Baywood) Turkey Vulture - 3 Cooper's Hawk - 1 Red-tailed Hawk - 1 Marsh Hawk - 2 *Beregrine Falcon - 1 Sparrow Hawk - 1 Coot - 3700 {including 300 at Baywood} Black-billed Clover - 22 Semipalmated Clover - 6 * Long-billed Curlew - 65 + Willett - 5000+ Spotted Sandpiper - 1 Knot - 14 (more on rock) Greater Yellow-legs - 8 small sandpiper (sp?)-2800 Least Sandpiper - 500 + Red-backed Sandpiper - 9 Dowitcher - 20 Marbled Godwit - 1400+ Avocet - 120+

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Cogswell 1948 Journal 46 Dec. 30 (p.5.) Gull (sp?) - # 10 Hilarious winged Gull - 4 Western Gull - 50+ Herring Gull - 1 Calif. Gull - 2 Ring-billed Gull - 20+ * White-throated Swift - 70+ Belted Kingfisher - 2 Black Phoebe - 3 Say's Phoebe - 1 Bush Tit - 10+ Wren Tit - 5 Berwick's Wren - 1 Long & Marsh Wren - 1 California Thrasher - 1 Hermit Thrush - 1 Ruby-crowned Kinglet - 2 Audubon's Warbler - 30+ * Myrtle Warbler - 1 Yellow-throat - 4 West. Meadowlark - 2 Red-wing - 6 Spotted Towhee - 1 Savannah Sparrow - 60+ White-crowned Sparrow - 10 Fox Sparrow - 1 Song Sparrow - 7

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47 Cogswell 1948 Species Index to Journal - 1948 (Central Calif. - Oct. - Dec.) (+ few in So. Calif. - Dec.) BIRDS! (A.O.U. order) page numbers in journal Gavia immer - Com. Loon - 12, 24, 38, 43, 45 " arctica - Arctic (Pacific) Loon - 24, 38, 45 " stellata - Red-throated Loon - 12, 21, 24, 43, 45 " sp. ? - Loon sp.? - 21 Colymbus grisegena - Holboell's Grebe - 24, 35, 38 " auritus - Horned Grebe - 12, 17, 24, 35, 38, 45 " caspius - Eared Grebe - 8, 12, 17, 24, 38, 45 Aechmophorus occidentalis - West. Grebe - 8, 12, 13, 17, 21, 24, 38, 45 Podilymbus podiceps - Pied-billed Grebe - 12, 19, 21, 24, 33, 38, 45 Pelecanus erythrorhynchos - White Pelican - 13, 25, 29, 45 " occidentalis - Brown Pelican - 12, 21, 25, 41, 43, 45 Phalacrocorax auritus - Off. Vested Cormorant - 6, 12, 21, 25, 38, 41, 45 " penicillatus - Brandt's Cormorant - 21, 25 " pelagicus - Pelagic Cormorant - 12, 25 Ardea herodias - Great Blue Heron - 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 21, 25, 29, 32, 33, 38, 41, 45 Casmerodius albus - (Am.) Com. Egret - 7, 8, 12, [illegible], 21, 25, 29, 32, 33, 38, 45 Leucophaeus thula - Snowy Eglet - 32, 33, 38, 45 Nycticorax nycticorax - Black-c. Night Heron - 25, 38 Cygnus columbianus - Whistling Swan - 45 Branta B. nigricans - Black Brant - 25, 43, 44, 45 Chaetura Cynagica - Emperor Goose - 25 Chen hyperborea - Snow Goose - 29 Anas platyrhynchos - Mallard - 12, 19, 20, 25, 29, 32 " strepera - Gadwall - 29, 38 " acuta - Pintail - 8, 12, 17, 20, 21, 25, 29, 38, 45 " carolinensis - Bicon-winged Teal - 12, 29, 38, 44, 45 " discors - Blue-winged Teal - 19 " cyanoptera - Cinnamon Teal - 12, 19 Spatula clypeata - Shoveller - 20, 29, 38, 44, 45 Mareca americana - Baldpate - 8, 25, 29, 38, 43, 44, 45 Aythya collaris - Ring-necked Duck - 6, 12, 19, 20 " valisineria - Canvasback - 12, 17, 19, 29, 21, 38, 45 " affinis - Lesser Scaup - 6, 8, 12, 17, 19, 20, 21, 25, 38, 44 Bucephala americana - (Am.) Com. Golden-eye - 17, 19, 20, 21, 25, 35 " albeola - Bufflehead - 21, 25, 35, 38, 44 Histrionicus histrionicus - Harlequin Duck - 25 Melanitta deglandi - White-winged Scoter - 21, 25, 43 " perspicillata - Surf Scoter - 8, 21, 25, 38, 43, 44, 45 " sp.? - Scoter sp.? - 12, 18 Oxyura jamaicensis - Ruddy Duck - 6, 8, 12, 18, 21, 25, 38, 44, 45 Mergus serrator - Red-breasted Merganser - 7, 12, 18, 21, 25, 38 Cathartes aura - Turkey Vulture - 12, 25, 43, 45 Accipiter A. velox - Sharp-shinned Hawk - 12, 15, 25, 38 " cooperii - Cooper's Hawk - 45 Buteo jamaicensis - Red-tailed Hawk - 12, 15, 19, 25, 32, 33, 38, 43, 45 " regalis - Ferruginous Rough-leg - 28 Aquila chrysaetos - Golden Eagle - 21 Circus cyaneus - Marsh Hawk - 15, 33, 38, 45 Falco peregrinus - Duck Hawk - 25, 45 " sparverius - Sparrow Hawk - 8, 12, 25, 33, 34, 39, 45 Lophortyx californica - Calif. Quail - 12, 15, 19, 20, 25, [illegible] 39 Glossinaus colchicus - Ring-necked Pheasant - 15 Rallus longirostris - Clapper Rail - 8, 39 " limicola - Virginia Rail - 12, 19, 20

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Cogswell 1450 1948 Species Index to Journal - 1948 (Cont'd) Porzana carolina - Sora Rail - 19, 20 Gallicolumba chloropus - Black Gallinule - 29 Julia americana - Am. Coot { - 8, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21, 26, 28, 29, 32, 39, 45 Haematopus bachmani - Black Oyster Catcher - 26 Charadrius alexandrinus - Snowy Plover - 39, 43 " histicale - Semipalmated Plover - 8, 39, 45 " vociferus - Killdeer - 1, 7, 8, 12, 18, 26, 29, 33, 39, 42 Eupoda montana - Mountain Plover - 30 Squatarola squatarola - Black-bellied Plover - 1, 8, 18, 26, 39, 42, 43, 45 Aprixa virgata - Surfbird - 39 Arenaria interpres - Ridgely Turnstone - 8, 39 " melanocphala - Black Turnstone - 39. Capella gallinago - (Wilson's) Com. Snipe - 8, 12, 19, 20, 42 Numenius americanus - Long-billed Curlew - 29, 39, 43, 45 " phaeopus - Hudsonian Curlew - 8, 39 Actitis macularia - Spotted Sandpiper - 25, 45 Catoptrophorus semipalmatus - Willet - 1, 7, 8, 18, 25, 39, 43, 45 Totanus melanoleucus - St. Yellowlegs - 8, 12, 26, 29, 45 Calidris canutus - Knot - 45 Erolia minutilla - Least Sandpiper - 1, 8, 18, 26, 29, 39, 43, 45 " alpea - Red-backed Sandpiper - 1, 8, 18, 39, 45 Limnodromus sp. - Dowitcher - 8, 29, 39, 45 Eunectes maurus - Western Sandpiper - 1, 7, 8, 18, 26, 39, 43 Limosa fedsa - Marbled Godwit - 1, 3, 8, 18, 39, 43, 45 Orocelius alba - Sanderling - 18, 26, 39, 43 Recurvirostra americana - Am. Avocet - 1, 8, 18, 26, 39, 45 Himantopus mexicanus - Black-necked Stilt - 35, 39 Larus glaucescens - Glaucous-winged Gull - 1, 6, 8, 12, 18, 19, 21, 26, 37, 43, 46 Larus occidentalis - Western Gull - 1, 3, 12, 18, 21, 26, 39, 43, 46 " argentatus - Herring Gull - 6, 8, 12, 18, 19, 26, 39, 43, 46 " californicus - California Gull - 1, 6, 8, 12, 18, 19, 21, 26, 29, 39, 46 " delawarensis - Ring-billed Gull - 1, 6, 8, 12, 18, 19, 22, 26, 29, 40, 46 " canus - (Short-tailed) New Gull - 12, 18, 40 " heermanni - Heermann's Gull - 26, 40, 43 " philadelphia - Bonaparte's Gull - 7, 8, 18, 22, 26, 40 " pipixcan - Franklin's Gull - 40 Sterna forsteri - Forster's Tern - 1, 6, 7, 8, 18, 40 Thalassus maximus - Royal Tern - 43. Uria aalge - Com. Murres - 26, Cephus columba - Pigeon Guillemot - 26, Columba fasciata - Band-tailed Pigeon - 26 Zenaida macroura - Mourning Dove - 13, 33, 40 Streptopelia chinensis - Chinese Spotted Dove - 40. Tyto alba - Barn Owl - 12, Spoto tyto cuculorina - Burrowing Owl - 40 Aerohantes saxatalis - White-th. Swift - 46 Calyptra anna - Anna's Hummingbird - 12, 40 Meterycle oligon - Belted Kingfisher - 12, 13, 26, 40, 46 Colaptes caler - Red-shafted Flicker - 3, 5, 12, 15, 19, 26, 33, 36, 40 " auratus - Yellow- " " - 17, Balansophora formicivora - Acorn Woodpecker - 15, 20, 36 Sphyrapicus varius - Red-breasted Sapsucker - 15, 36, 42 Dendrocopus villosus - Hairy Woodpecker - 16,

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Coppwell 1948 Species Index to Journal - 1948 BIRDS (cont'd): Dendrocopos pubescens - Downy Woodpecker - 16, 19, 33 " " muttalli - Mutall's " - 16. Sayornis nigricans - Black Phoebe - 12, 16, 19, 26, 46 " " sava - Say's Phoebe - 12, 26, 31, 33, 40, 43, 46 Eremophila alpestris - Horned Lark - 31, 34, 40, 43 Cyanocitta stelleri - Steller's Jay - 10, 19, 36 Aphelocoma coerulescens - Scrub Jay - 9, 10, 12, 16, 19, 26, 36 Corvus corax - (am.) Raven - 12, 26, 31, 34. " " brachyrhynchos - Ain. Crow - 16, 27, 33 Baeus gambeli - Mtn. Chickadee - 36. " " rufescens - Chestnut-backed Chickadee - 19, 20 " " inornatus - Plain Titmouse - 5, 16, 19, 36 Poaltripes minimus - Bush. Tit - 5, 10, 12, 15, 19, 27, 40, 46 Sitta carolinenais - White. Br. Nuthatch - 16, 36. Certhia familiaris - Creeper - 36 Chamaea fasciata - Wren. Tit - 10, 12, 16, 19, 27, 36, 46 Troglodytes aedon - House Wren - 40 Thryomantis bewickii - Bewick's Wren - 12, 16, 19, 27, 36, 40, 46 Telmatodytes palustris - Marsh Wren - 12, 32, 46 Sclerastes obsolitus - Rock Wren - 16 Mniotis polyglottos - Mockingbird - 33, 40 Toxostoma rcdivium - Caley Thrasher - 16, 46 Turdus migratorius - Robin - 3, 10, 16, 19, 27, 33, 42 Ixoreus nalumus - Varied Thrush - 10, 19, 27, 36 Hylocichla guttata - Hermit Thrush - 10, 12, 16, 19, 46 Sialia mexicana - Forest Bluebird - 12, 16, 27, 42 Sialia currucoides - Mountain Bluebird - 34 Myadestes townsendi - Townsend's Solitaire - 36 Regulus satrapa - Golden. Cr. Kinglet - 10, 20 " " calendaula - Ruby. Cr. " - 10, 12, 15, 19, 27, 38, 40, 46. Anthus spinoletta - Am. Pipit - 12, 16, 27, 40 Bombycilla calorum - Cedar Waxwing - 42 Vandois ludovicianus - Loggerhead Shrike - 12, 27, 33, 34, 40, 43 Virio huttoni - Hutton's Vireo - 16, 19 Vermivora celata - Orange-cr. Warbler - 3 Dendroica coronata - Myrtle Warbler - 10, 19, 20, 46 " " audubonisi - Auduboni's Warbler - 10, 12, 16, 19, 20, 27, 33, 40, 42, 46. " " townsendi - Townsends - 19 Geothlypis trichas - Yellow-throat - 40, 46 Passer domesticus - English Sparrow - 8, 9, 32, 33, 40 Sturnella neglecta - West Meadowlark - 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 27, 33, 40, 46 Agelanus phoeniceus - Red-wing - 16, 30, 33, 40, 46 " " tricolor - Tricolored Redwing - 30, 42 Cuphagus cyonoccephalus - Brewer's Blackbird - 16, 27, 33, 40 Molothrus ater - Cowbird - 41, 42 Carpodacus purpureus - Purple Finch - 16, 19 " " cassinii - Cassins Song - 36. " " mexicanus - House Finch - 12, 27, 34, 41 Spinus pinus - Pine Siskin - 10, 16, 19 " " tristis - Am. Goldfinch - 41 " " polatria - Arkansas Goldfinch - 16, 19, 41 " " lawrencei - Lawrence's Goldfinch - 16 Pipilo maculatus - Spotted Towhee - 12, 16, 19, 27, 46 " " fuscus - Bronson Towhee - 3, 12, 17, 19, 41 Passerculus sandwichensis - Savannah Sparrow - 8, 34, 41, 46 " " cassinii - Cassin's " - 41 " " nelsonius - Nelson's " - 41

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50. Cogswell 1948 Species Index to Journal - 1948 (cont'd) BIRDS (contd): amphipiza belli - Belly Sparrow - 17, junco oreganus - Oregon Junco - 17, 19, 36 Zonotrichia leucophrys - White-c. Sparrow - 5, 12, 17, 27, 33, 41, 46 " coronata - Golden-c. Sparrow - 17, 27, 33, 36 Passerella iliaca - Fox Sparrow - 10, 12, 17, 19, 27, 46 ? melospiza lincolnii - Lincoln's Sparrow - 12 melospiza melodia - Song Sparrow - 8, 10, 12, 17, 19, 27, 31, 32, 41, 46. MAMMALS Cervus mandonii - Dwarf Elk - 32 Odocoileus columbianus - Black-tailed Deer - 27 Phoca richardsoni - Harbor Seal - 27 Procyon lotor - Raccoon - 27 Sylvilagus auduboni - Aud. Cottontail - 27 Urocyon cinereoargentus - Gray Fox 5 whale sp? - 27 Zalophus californianus - Calf. Sea-lion 27

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JOURNAL - 1949 JOURNAL - 1949 Jan 1-July 31 pp. 1-44 - Central Calif. nov.20-Dec.19 128-143 - Central Calif, + So. Calif (pp. 137-143) Dec.19-28 + Index to Vertebrate Species referred to therein (pp. 45-49 were omitted from this sequence; p.p. 50-127 are filed separately, in Humboldt - Trinity Cos. notebook)

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Cogswell 1949 Journal Jan.29. ½ mi. E (or slightly N of E) Alviso, Santa Clara C. Calf. with Gordon Hullon & Seth Bailey in our car we arrived here shortly after-- 12 noon & met Mrs. Neilson of Campbell, Calif., who showed us the area in which several people from the San Jose area have been seeing a sharp-tailed Sparrow [see species account]. The tide was still coming in during the early P.M. & during the time it took to locate the rare sparrow & while we waited for it to return several other items of interest were noted: 1 mouse (sp.?) which ran from among weeds along roadside and into a burrow under a rock firmly embedded in the substratum of the road. The mouth of the burrow was just about large enough to admit 3 of my extended fingers, about a dozen droppings of this size: -- were scattered on the dirt floor of the opening. Sulls foraged over the marshes, one large immature (Herring?) one in par. ticular flying much like a Marsh Hawk in harrying actions. It once dove at something in the Spartina grass, & a small flock

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Logswell 1949 Journal 2 Jan.29 (cont. p.2) of shorebirds flew from the spot. One Clapper Rail was seen by several of us as it flushed in over the dried California on the side of large ditch just E. of Alviso. Two of the photographically minded men [including a Mr. Wool] later got pictures of a rail [the same one?]. For description of the marsh area here see entry under Ammodrpus caudatus. See also sp. accounts of Marsh Wren, & Swamphen Sparra. - approx. 1 1/2 mi. E. of Alviso, Santa Clara Co., Calif. [see entry under [illegible] Elanus leucurus]. - Dumbarton Bridge, San Mateo to Alameda Co., Calif. We drove across the bridge slowly, stopping briefly at the mud flats along the west approach & noted 15 Long-billed Curlers there. This is the spot Mrs. Junea Kelly says that one can always find them here. In the open bay under the high part of the bridge only a few scattered groups of Seau (sp?) and 1+? Golden-eye were seen; but in the salt ponds near K60 Transmitter there were numerous Eared Grebes [see sp. account], some Shovelers and lots of Red-billed Sandpipers around the edges. In the unplowed fields N.W. of Newark 1 Burrowing Owl was present at the

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 3 Jan.29 (p.3) same spot where we saw 2 in Sep. Meadowlarks and Robins were singing there also. Jan.30 Golden Gate Bridge to Muir Beach & Stinson Beach, Marin Co., Calif. - w.e drove here via Route 1. Western Bluebirds, Robins, and White-crowned Sparrows were the con-spicuous small birds. also saw 2+ Scrub Jays, 1 Turkey Vulture, 3 Red-tailed Hawks & 2 Ravens. at place where highway #1 comes close to Muir Beach there were at least 15 Wilson's Snipe [see species account] and numbers of Kell-deers in a very wet pasture. - Bolinas Lagoon, Marin Co., Calif. - Large flocks of gulls & shorebirds rest on points along the N. shore at high tide. we were able to get out to one of them dry-shod. The bay itself held fewer waterfowl than in Sep. - but more diving ducks. we covered the east & extreme NE shores from the road, and the aforementioned point on foot (at mouth of Barodic Creek ); but did not go out on sand spit W. of bay. Numbers of people were digging for clams on the rocky beach w. of Bolinas & there were very few birds, except gulls, there. [See entry in sp. accounts for: mergus serrator;

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 4 Jan. 30 (cont.), Larus canus, and Megaceryle alcyon, and Leucophoyx candidissima. - Marin Co. Park at Stinson Beach, Marin Co., Calif From about 1:15 to 2 P.M. we looked thru this fine little park which has scattered cottonwood & (alder?) trees, some of which had buds just opening, and tangles of blackberry vines & a climbing, my- leaved, yellow-flowered composite. Such an area located right next to a sandy beach seems an anomaly; but Marin Co. seems to be full of things like that. a list of the birds observed in the 45 min. follows: [* = see species account] Killdeer - 2+ (foraging on grass & gravel driveways in picnic areas) -- among trees!) Glaucous-winged Gull - many overhead. Hummingbird (sp.?) - heard Red-shafted Flicker - 2 Downy Woodpecker - 1 Chestnut-backed Chickadee - 2 Bush. tit - flock heard * House Wren - 1 Robin - 10+ Hermit Thrush - 1 orange-crowned warbler - 1 (prob. V.c. sordida) Myrtle Warbler - 2+ Audubon's Warbler - 5

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 5 Jan.30 (cont.-p3)- Purple Finch - House Finch -- Pine Siskin - Spotted Towhee - Brown Towhee -- White-crowned Sparrow -- 50 +/- Golden-crowned Sparrow -- 100 +/- * Fox Sparrow - 5 Song Sparrow - 15+. Feb.5- Berkeley to Lafayette, Concord, a thru Marsh Creek Road to eastern foothills of Mt. Diablo range, Contra Costa County, Caly. one Lewis woodpecker [see sp. acc.] on a telephone pole along Lafayette - Martinez cut-off road about 2 1/2 mi. N o 1 mi. W of Walnut Creek. Mockingbirds were seen at 2 points along route 24 S.W. of Concord. area The Marsh Creek Road is excellent oak foothill country, with green grass now coming up on all the slopes. Mt. Diablo is still snow covered for about 800 ft. below the peak. We stopped at a junction of roads some 2 1/2 miles NE of the peak & watched 3 Golden eagles [see sp. account].

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 6 Feb 5 - along State Hi way # 4 on Victoria Id, & along Trappers slough & Bonker Lake Tract, W & WSW of Stockton San Joaquin Co., Calif. altho we didnt see any 1600 whistling Swans (as reported from this area by Mrs. [illegible]) we did see a number [see sp. account], one flock of 12 Canada Geese[...]", [...], & numbers of ducks. all the waterfowl seem to be feeding in open fields -- swans included. - Enroute from Stockton to Thornton, north- westerly San Joaquin Co. Calif. The only note- worthy birds along this flat, open valley land were a group of 5 Red-backed Sandpipers with 3 Dowitchers in a small roadside pool some 5-6 mi. SE of Thornton. - W. of Thornton, northwestern San Joaquin Co., Calif. - more whistling Swans [see sp. acc't] in open fields, and in a plowed field at N. end of Staten Id. (near fork in Mokelumne River) was the largest concentration of waterfowl seen all day: 25,000 + Pintails 120 + - Swans 50 + - white fronted Geese 1+ - mallard (

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 7 Feb.5. (p.3) Jerry, Yolo Co., Calif. - no waterfowl concentrations. The fields of Yolo Basin are mostly freshly plowed - only a few still with rice stubble above ground. The only diving ducks of the day were seen along here - 12+ Lesser Scaup on the river near Walnut Grove and 19 Canvasback on a small drainage slough. - 4 1/2 mi. E of Woodland, Yolo Co., Calif. another concentration of waterfowl in a semi-flooded plowed field. What food they get in these places I do not know, but they grub along in the mud as well as pick things up from the surface - and get pretty dirty in the process. This group contained: Can. Canada Goose - 70+ Lesser " " . 8 + } see sp. account. Mallard . 30+ Pintail . 3000 est. Green-winged Teal . 100+ and a flock of 15 Snow Geese flew low circled as though about to land, but continued on to westward. - along hi-way 24, Sutter Basin, Sutter Co., Calif. Several more flocks of ducks, mostly pintails + a few mallards, in rice stubble and plowed fields

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 8 Feb.5 (p.4) However, there were very few birds in the Butter By-pass slough— all the ducks seem to be out in the open fields now, even this late (5-5:30 P.M.) in the day. Feb.6- along road 5 from Marysville, just E of Feather River, western Yuba C., Calif. from 7:00 -8:15 AM we drove about along this road to a point about 6 mi. s. of town. Several huge concentrations of Pintails, all with a few mallards sprinkled in, were feeding or resting in rice stubble fields along the road. Perhaps total waterfowl nos. here well upwards of 50,000, altho we could see only a few of the borer, onest. Estimates by species for the 1¼ hrs. are: Whistling Swan - 15 Com. Canada Goose .200 Lesser " " .20 Mallard - 10+ Pintail 10,000+ at our farthest stop from Marysville (6½ mi.), we spent 15 min. along the bushy nearly border of a valley oak grove and noted the following land birds:

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 9 Feb.6 (8:2) Turkey Vulture - 2 (1 perched in tall oak) Red-shouldered Hawk - 1 * Band-tailed Pigeon - 50+ few over + 100+ along road (see species account). Red-shafted Flicker - 8+ Yellow-billed Magpie - 10+ Crow - 2 Plain Titmouse - 1 Bewick's Wren - 1 (heard "mreet" call) Robin - 5+ Hermit Thrush - 1 Western(?) Bluebird - 8 in 1 flock, flying over. Spotted Towhee - 4 Brown Towhee - 6 Oregon Junco - 15+ White-crowned Sparrow - 40+ Golden-crowned Sparrow - 3 + 20+ more Zonotrichia sp? Song Sparrow - 2 In fields along the road we saw the usual Piglets, Savannah Sparrows, Meadowlarks and Blackbirds + a few Horned Larks, and at one stop (to investigate a butes which turned out to be a Red-tail) we saw a flock of about 25 am. Goldfinches and 2 Greenbacks. At a barnyard nearby one possible Starling (a "black bird" with a short tail) was glimpsed in a flock of Braver's Blackbirds + Redwings but lost sight of.

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Copswell 1949 Journal (p.3) Feb.6- Gray Lodge State Game Refuge, southwestern Butte Co., Calif., and immediate vicinity. From about 10 A.M. to 1:00 P.M. we drove or stopped & looked from car or afoot, slowly along part of the roads within the refuge and I estimated the birds seen at the end of our 3 hrs. The absence of any large concentration here is ex- plained by Mr. Cowan, the refuge mana- ger, by the fact that the ducks, geese, & swans are all spread out over the valley - feeding and resting wherever they find feeding good, now that there is no disturbance from hunters. Snow goose & diving ducks are more plenti- ful in the refuge because of greater dependence upon water. The weather was increasingly cloudy, with very dark stratus clouds yielding drizzle of rain by noon & general steady rain by 1 P.M. There was a cold wind blowing & consequently we saw little in the way of land birds. The area is a wonderful one for cat-tail & tule marsh + small open water areas, adjacent fields, which I suppose are planted to grain earlier, and with nearby cottonwood & willow trees & open oak grassland not far away near the Butte.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 11 Feb. 6 (p.4). Jack Rabbits were the only mammal noted -- and a dozen or more of these were jumped without even trying. Our complete bird list follows, with entry under species heading for those marked with *: AUDUBON DAILY FIELD CARD OF BIRDS Occurring in the PACIFIC STATES (California, Oregon and Washington) Observer Cogswells + Ted Eliot. Locality Gray Lodge Refuge, &v. Butte Co. Date Feb. 6, 1949 Time 10:00 - 13:00 Weather cold, cloudy, rain by noon Wind [illegible] Subspecies, with the exception of a few forms, easily recog- nizable in the field, are omitted. Put a more detailed account of today's observations in a sep- arate notebook. Maybe you have seen something new! No. No. Loon, Common Egret, Brewster's Pacific Heron, Anth. Green Red-throated Black-cr. Night Grebe, Holboell's Bittern, American Horned Least Eared Ibis, Wood Western Wh.-faced Glossy Pied-billed Swan, Whistling Albatross, Black-f. Goose, Canada? Short-tailed Hutchins's Shearwater, Sl.-bill. Cackling Sooty # of dark gese (ap?) Black-vented seen. Pink-footed Fulmar, Pacific Petrel, Fork-tailed Beal's Black Ashy Socorro Pelican, White California Brown Cormorant, Farallon- Brandt's Baird's Man-o'-war-bird Heron, Great Blue Egret, American 10* 1 10* 2 * 1 15* 200* 7 150 * food 400 * 3 Tree-duck, Fulvous Mallard Gadwall Widgeon, European Baldpate Pintail Teal, Green-winged Blue-winged Cinnamon Shoveller Duck, Wood Redhead

No. Duck, Ring-necked Canvas-back Duck, Greater Scaup Lesser Scaup Golden-eye, American Barrow's 14 Buffle-head Old-squaw Duck, Harlequin Scoter, White-winged Surf American 300 Duck, Ruddy Merganser, Hooded 20 American Red-breasted 2 Vulture, Turkey Condor, California Kite, White-tailed 1 Goshawk Hawk, Sharp-shinned Cooper's 3 Red-tailed +2 Bute Red-bellied Swainson's Am. Rough-leg. Fer. Rough-leg. Harris's 6 Eagle, Golden Bald 10 Hawk, Marsh Osprey Falcon, Prairie Hawk, Duck Pigeon 2 Sparrow Grouse, Sooty Franklin's Ruffed Ptarmigan, Wh.-tailed Grouse, Sharp-tailed Sage Hen Partridge, Eur. Bob-white Quail, California Gambel's Mountain 100 Pheasant, Ring-n. Crane, Little Brown Sandhill Rail, Cal. Clapper Virginia Sora Yellow Farallon 150 Gallinule, Florida Coot Oyster-catcher, Black Plover, Snowy Semipalmated No. Plover, Mountain 3 Killdeer Golden Black-bellied Surf-bird Turnstone, Ruddy Black Snipe, Wilson's Curlew, Long-billed Hudsonian Sandpiper, Spotted Solitary Tattler, Wandering 4 Willet Yellow-legs, Greater Lesser Knot Sandpiper, Aleutian Pectoral Baird's Least Red-backed Dowitcher, Long-bill, 4 Sandpiper, Western Godwit, Marbled 6 Sanderling Avocet Stilt, Black-necked Phalarope, Red Wilson's Northern Jaeger, Pomarine Parasitic Long-tailed Gull, Glaucous Glaucous-winged Western Herring California Ring-billed, Short-billed Laughing Bonaparte's Kittiwake, Pac. Gull, Sabine's Tern, Gull-billed Forster's Common Arctic Brown's Royal Elegant Caspian Black Murre, California Guillemot, Pigeon Murrelet, Marbled Xantus's Craveri's Ancient No. Auklet, Cassin's Paroquet Rhinoceros Puffin, Horned Turtled-Pigeon, Band-t. * 50 Dove, Mourning Chinese Spotted Ringed Turtle White-winged Mexican Ground Cuckoo, California Road-runner Owl, Barn Screech Flam. Screech Horned Snowy Hawk Pygmy 1 Eff Burrowing - at refuge Spotted Great Gray Long-eared Short-eared Saw-whet 20 Poor-will Nighthawk Texas Swift, Black Vaux's White-throated Hummingbird, Costa's Black-chinned Anna's Gull, Glaucous Broad-tailed Rufous Allen's Calliope Kingfisher, Belted 20 Flicker, Red-shafted Gilded Woodpecker, Pileated Gila California Lewis's Sapsucker, Red-naped Red-breasted Williamson's Woodpecker, Hairy 1 Downy Cactus Nuttall's White-headed Arc. Three-toed Am. Three-toed Kingbird, Eastern Western Cassin's Flycatcher, Ash-thr. No. Phoebe, Black Say's Flycatcher, Little Hammond's Wright's Gray Western Pewee, Western Wood Flycatcher, Olive-s. Vermilion Lark, Horned Swallow, Violet-green Tree Bank Rough-winged Barn Cliff Martin, Purple Jay, Rocky Mt. Oregon Steller's (Crested) California Santa Cruz Magpie, American Yellow-billed Raven, American 20 Crow Jay, Piñon Nutcracker, Clark's Chickadee, Black-c. Mountain Chestnut-backed Titmouse, Plain Verdin Bush-Tit Nuthatch, Slender-b, Red-breasted Pygmy Creeper Wren-Tit Dipper Wren, House Winter Bewick's Cactus Marsh Canyon Rock 1 Mockingbird - at refuge Catbird Thrasher, Bendire's California Leconte's Crissal Sage Robin 10 Thrush, Varied Hermit Russet-backed Willow

No. No. Bluebird, Western Tanager, Western Mountain Cooper's Solitaire, Townsend's Grosbeak, Bl.-head Gnatcatcher, Western Blue Plumbeous Bunting, Lazuli Black-tailed Grosbeak, Evening Kinglet, Golden-cr. Finch, Cal. Purple Ruby-crowned Cassin's Purple many house Pipit, American several Waxwing, Bohemian Grosbeak, Pine Cedar Finch, Rosy Phainopepla Redpoll Shrike, Northwestern Siskin, Pine California Goldfinch Vireo, Hutton's Green-backed Least Lawrence's Gray Crossbill, Red Cassin's White-winged Red-eyed Towhee, Green-tail Warbling Spotted Warbler, Bl. and Wh. Brown Lutescent Albert's Dusky Bunting, Lark Calaveras Sparrow, Savannah Lucy's Belding's Yellow Large-billed Myrtle Grasshopper Audubon's Vesper Black-thr. Gray Lark Townsend's Rufous-crowned Hermit Desert Water-Thrush, Grin. Bell's Warbler, Macgilliv. Sage Yellow-throat Junco, Slate-colored Chat, Long-tailed Oregon Warbler, Pileolated Gray-headed Redstart, American 3 Sparrow, English Sparrow, Tree Bobolink Chipping 100+ Brewer's Meadowlark, Western Black-chinned Blackbird, Yellow-h. Gambel's Red-wing Puget Sound 20,000+ Nuttall's Bicolored Golden-crowned 10++ White-throated Tricolored Fox Oriole, Aria Hooded 50.00 Scott's in 1 Bullock's back 3,000+ Blackbird, Brewer's Cowbird 10+ Lincoln's Song Bunting, Snow Accidentals. Total Species.....................Individuals. NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY 1000 Fifth Ave., New York 28, N. Y. 10 for $.25 50 for $1.00 5M-3-48 Printed in

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Coggswell 1949 Journal 12. Feb. 13. Castro Point, Contra Costa Co., via Ferry to point & Easterly from San Quentin, Marin Co., Calif. on the ferry from about 0800-0815. Weather clear & cool, water moderately rough. Several seals (Phoca richardii?) were seen, Birds were scarce compared to our Dec. 18, 1948 trip here at about the same time of day: Lavia (immer-?) - 1 Uachmophorus occidentalis - 10+ sythyra marila - 5+ oxyura jamaicensis many near N. Shore mergus serrator 3+? 24 squatarola squarula - 1 Sarus glauceosus - many " occidentalis - " californicus - " delawarensis - scarce canus - " ? - also (on Castro Rocks) - about 5 or 6 Bhalerscorax, presumably penicillatus. - Point Reyes vicinity, Marin Co., Calif. about 9:45 A.M., with Robert W. Storer, Seth Bailey, Gordon Gallion, & Bessie & Denis Coggswell, I arrived (in Gallion's car) at the head of Drake's Estero; and we all began a search of the region from there to the Point for the Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) which Gallion had seen here last Tuesday. [See species account for Starling records] and for relationship of cattle ranchers here to possibility of any field work]. The habitat of most of the area along the road is

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Coggswell 1949 Journal 13. Feb. 13. Point Reyes vicinity, Marin Co., Calif - (cont.) a near uniform lightly grazed pasture on low (to around 300') rolling hills. Some brushy spots in ravines or near a few fences harbored the [illegible]. On the steeper slopes of the actual "Point" near the lighthouse, sea- side "chaparral" of a very low nature is the vegetation, with Luperius arboreus (Stoner) dominating the more protected &. :. more sandy areas. This vegetation ceases abruptly at the fence line separating the Coast Guard property from the Mendoza ranch at the top of the last steep hill before the sea cliff. No extensive coverage of the seaside chaparral was made, but the long sparrows were all heard in it. [illegible] The following birds were seen: Pierce Ranch Road (see map) head of Drake's Estero thru Mendoza Rd. on or off de "Point" Lavia (arctica-?) 2 Lavia (stellata - ?) 3+ * Julmarus glacialis 10+ Gelecanus occidentalie 8+ Phalacrocorax penicillatus 15± " pelagicus 10± Melanitta fusca dixonii 6 Cathartes aura 5± 2 2 Butes (sp.?) 1 1 Butes jamaicensis 10± 3

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 14 Feb. 13 Point Reyes o vicinity, Marin Co., Calif. (cont.) Science Ref. Estero Rd. on or off Road mealyza Rd. to the "Point" Circus cyaneus 3 5± Falco peregrinus 1+ " spadrveria 5± 3 Lophortyx california 1+ 10 (Covey) Charadrius vociferous 2+ * Uria aalge 3000± Colaptes cafer 3 5± Dendrocopus villosus 18 (in Bishop Pines) Sayornis nigricans 2 1 " saya 1 (at Kehoe Rd.) * Corvus corax 5+ 4 + 11 in flock Sitta pygmaea 3+ (in Bishop Pines) Turdus migratorius many 300± Ivoreus laevius 10± 2 Hylocichla guttata 1 Scalia mexicana 10± 7+ 39 anthus spinoletta sveral heard (2+ seen) Lanius ludovicianus 1 3 * Sturnus vulgaris 50± Dendroica auduboni 1 1+ Sturmella neglecta 100± 500± Agelains phoenixus 100± 20± " tricolor 3+ (♂♂, at Kehoe Pierce Ranch) Molothrus ater 3+ ♂ (at Kehoe Ranch) 4 ♀ ? Carpodacus mexicanus 5± Passerculus sandwichensis 10± (1 flock) Zonotrichia leucophrys 50± 5± Melospiza melodia 2

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 15 Feb. 13 - Inverness Ridge, via road westerly part "H" Ranch, northernly, McLure's Rch., Heboe Rch., to Pierce Ranch or base of Point Peninsulas Marin Co., Calif. - Land birds seen enroute here are listed with those of "Point Reyes vicinity" above. All were in open, grazed farmland except the few labelled as "in Bishop Pines", which few not saw during a 15 minutes stop therein. The farms here seem far less closely grazed than those toward Point Reyes. There is much brush from knee to waist high in the gullies & even on some quite flat slopes. We saw so many deer while driving along, that we decided to keep a count on the return trip - which spelled [see odoroileus columbianus species out]. Feb. 22 - Walnut Creek, Contra Costa Co., to Livermore, Alameda Co., Calif. 10:15 - 11:15 A.M. - Did bits of birding along the road here & there. Nothing unusual, but see Spinus tristis species account. - SE of Livermore up Arroyo Nocho Canyon (to 14 mi. marker), Alameda Co., Calif. again looked over the country and occasional birds from the roadside. Lots of sycamores in the lower wash, but they seem to have much denser branching than in So. Calif.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal Feb. 22 (cont'd.) Arroyo Mocho Canyon, Alameda Co., Calif. Noteworthly birds included: Columba fasciata - 1 flock of 130+ over grain fields [alighted] 2 mi. SE of Livermore . 40 more seen in canyon mouth. Sphyrapicus varius (ruber?) - 1, fully red. beaded, working on orchard (apple? or ?) trees about 4 mi. SE Livermore [outside of canyon proper] Zenaida macroura - flock of about 15 flushed from edge of same orchard. Chonlestes strigatus - about 5 (or more?) in dense elderberry at canyon mouth [see sp account] Sialia mexicana - 12 seen Quica nuttallii - 2 seen aquila chrysaetos 1 [see sp acct] Taxostoma rcdivium - 2 [see sp acct] sayornis nigricans - 1 heard near stream well up in steep walled canyon. - open hills E. of Livermore, Alameda Co., Calif. golden eagle - 2 (probably pair) raven - 1 Mar. 5. Wildcat Canyon, Tilden Regional Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif - Vegetational survey trip by Ecology class under Dr. Rittelks did not allow time for much bird observation. See, however, the following species accounts: acipiter cooperi Regulus satrapa Siphortyx californica

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Coyote 1949 Journal 17 Mar.6 - Lakeport, Lake Co., Calif. - arrived here at 6:35 AM this morning. It is very wet all around, having rained for a week past according to local restaurant keeper. All the streams are running full, but are mostly of clear water. Driving 2 mi. N. of town for a few minutes (7:10 - 7:40) we noted the following species along the lake shore & adjacent farmland: Red-billed Lebe - 1 Red-shafted Slicker - 8 Western Grebe - 1 Acorn Woodpecker - 5 Canvasback - 1+ Nuttall's — 2 Great Blue Heron - 1 Black Phoebe - 1 Red-tailed Hawk - 1 in. Crow - several Calif. Quail - 7 Scrub Jay - ( Calif(?) Bull - 1+ Plain Titmouse - 4+ Coot - 150+ White-breasted Nuttatch - 1 Black Rail - 1 Robin - 3 W. Meadowlark - 8+ * Red-wing - many Brewer's Blackbird - — White cr. Sparrow - 15+ Song Sparrow - 1 Keithley Ranch, 3 mi. S. Lakeport, Lake Co., Calif. We left the ranch house area about 9:00 AM. Drove a short distance up the road toward Hopland & then hiked in northerly direction up farm road, canyon, & along ridge to

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1949 Journal Mar. 6. Keithley Dick, 3 mi. S. Lakeport, Lake Co., Caly. (02) E of Scott Creek to where we could look over the 1000 acre area on which the Pittman-Robertson deer management study is to be made. R.D. Taber pointed out the area to the SSW of us, where a large region is covered with mature elfin-forest. The area where we were (already cut up & thinned out by several fires) to be "managed" by controlled burning, and a large, fairly even complete burn to the W. of Scott Creek. Our route on the hike traversed about mi. of oak woodland (to 'alt.) and about mi. of chaparral ( ) -- with patches of chaparral on some knolls even near our starting point. Phenological Data: oak woodland: grasses, forbs coming up rapidly, green; but not over 2' high. oaks still leafless, only a few buds enlarging red bud (?), Sambucus glauca - few scattered bushes -- still leafless. arctostaphylos (manigose ?) " manzanita - many buds, few blossoms out. [the 2 manzanitas species names by Taber], chaparral: arctostaphylos - the same(?) 2 sp. - ditto on stage. adernostoma fasciculatum- commonest sp. of any

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 19 Mar. 6 - Keithley Ck., 3 mi. S. of Lakeport, Lake Co., Calif. (cont.): 1/3 in this belt — almost pure stands on all S.-facing slopes which are sufficiently recovered from fire. canothus cuneatus " foliolosa " (integririus?) { species identified by others. ~ partly... C. cuneatus common on protected higher slopes. others fewer (or not noted). cercocarpus betuloides — frequent on higher protected (but fairly recently burned) slopes & canyons. Umbellularia californica — frequent on N.-facing slopes where it is coming up thru chaparral on areas appar. ently burned over about 7-10 years ago. Pinus tuberculata — very few stands in the whole region; biggest one (w. of Scott Creek) was burned in big fire last year. Chlorogalum common - A or rocky soil of ridges; most were just coming thru ground to 2" rosettes. The area in general seems far more suitable for survey of chaparral animal life in relation to this burning program than any other place has told me of or shown me [see Malibu Ranch account, my journal of Nov. 21, 1948]. It is certainly fairly accessible & has all stages of growth of chaparral — and in large chunks, too! Complete list of birds & mammals seen on the ranch, tabulated by vegetation types, follows:

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Coggswell 1949 Journal 20 Mar. 6 Keithley Ranch, 3 mi. S. of Lakeport, Lake Co., Calif. [cont., p. 4] - LIST OF VERTEBRATES seen from 8:00 AM - 1:00 PM within association listed [* = entry in sp. acct. Species Ranch Oak Chaparral Headq. Grassland Ardea herodias 2 (separately, in flooded fields) Cathartes aura 3 7+ Buteo jamaicensis 1 2 aquila chrysaetos 1 Falco sparveria 1 Sporothlyx californica 3, 15+ 30+ Zenaida macroura 4 Colaptes cafer 1 1, 1, 1 1 Hyocopus * Hylatomus pileatus 1 Balamosphyra formicivora 2 1 * Iridioproene bicolor 5+ 1+ aplelocoma coeruleseens 1, 1 1 Garrus inornatus 2 (singing) Litta carolinensis 1 (singing) 1 Thryomanes bewicki 2 * Ttorostoma redivivium (1, 1, 1, 3 (singing). 4 Turdus migratoryies . several 1, 2, 2, 3 3+, 7 at border, Ixoreus naevius 1, 4+) of chaparral Sialia mexicana 2 4 Regulus calendula 1 Passer Domestieus common Sturnella neglecta 3 (singing) 2 (singing) Agelains phoenixeus several (flying over) Euphagus cyanoeephalus " " 2

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 21 Mar. 6 - Keithley Ranch, 3 mi. S. of Lakeport, Lake Co., Cal. (cont., p.5) - species ranch oak chaparral headqu. grassland Carpodacus mexicanus 2 (1singing) Spermis purius 3 (flew over) " psalteria 2+ (1sng.) 5 6+ Riparia maulatae 1 pr. " fuscus 2 ? Junco oreganus several 2,1,1/several 20+ 150+ (singing) Zonotrichia leucophrys " (1+sng.) 2+ " coronata " (" ") 15+ {at border of cleared} Mammals: Lepus californicus 5 * Odocoileus columbianus 17 with fem. (Thomomys sp.) lots of workings in grassy areas (Scapanus sp.) " " (Neotoma sp.) 1 nest seen. Also at small farm pond just off Hopland Rt. in above area: anas platyrhynchos - 6 (3 on creek later = same?) Mareca americana - 3 Mar. 12 - Slope N. of Wildcat Canyon Road just S. of SE end of San Pablo Reservoir, Contra Costa Co., Calif. This morning was spent on vegetation survey (area # 2) for Ecology course (Zoo 125), of interest among birds incidentally noted were: Thryomanes bewicki? in frequent, regular song. Vireo huttoni cathartes aura - 2 together on rock near top of ridge (1 spreading wings).

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 22, Mar. 19 alt. 60-65' Bray Lodge Refuge, southwestern Butte Co., Calif. Came here with Dr. Leopold's class in Game management, driving via Vallejo, Fairfield, cut-off road to W., N. of Woodland, via Butter Causeway (route 24) to Yuba City, O to Bradley, than W., S., & W. again to the refuge headquarters, arriving about 5:10 P.M. The week's rain just past has left everything soaked, with standing water on all low fields. The roads within the refuge are so muddy in spots we can't drive in; but we spent about 1 ½ hrs. (until dark) walking around 1 of the close-in loops. Items of special interest were: 2 Charadrius obsiferus NESTS, & 15 Branta canadensis ssp? (probably mining), 1 Chen hyperborea (cripple?), bats of Lepus californicus & Rhascinus colubris. Full list of species will be made tomorrow. Phenological notes: Everything much greener than 6 wks. ago. New shoots of Typha are about 8" high on average. Road- side roads now green. No leaves on trees willow hereabouts, altho aesculus & Salix were coming into leaf on hills E. of Vallejo. Mar. 20. From 6 AM to about 7 AM I walked S. from headquarters along diiked road > across weedy flats (partly flooded) to the road along S. boundary of refuge & return. From about 8 to 10:15 A.M. we went as a class, with refuge manager John Cowan &

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Logswell 1949 Journal 23 Mar. 20 p.2 Gray Lodge Refuge, 60-65' alt. S.W. Butte Co., Calif. Dr. Leopold leading, around a loop to near the center of the refuge and return - seeing in the field the results of the refuge management program here in force. This includes a heavy predator trapping program just be- fore the nesting season. We saw scats which were attributed to Gray Foxes. Muskrats are becoming so numerous as to cause serious damage to dikes & lower roadways; at least 20-25 muskrat houses were seen on our tour. Photos taken of burned & un- burned cat-tail areas to illustrate method of opening up growth to accommodate ducks on increased open water in winter. Birds seen listed subsequently here. 10:15 - 11:45 AM. - We engaged in a pleasant drive thru the weedy fields just E. of refuge headquarters to tally any of the 99 # tagged & released here a few days ago. We must have flushed somewhere in the neighborhood of 250-300 pheasants, among which I saw 4 tagged ones; others were seen that I know of. I found one dead tagged bird on early AM. joint. Birds seen here are tallied on following list. Jack Rabbits were commoner than pheasants it seemed!

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Cognswell 1949 Journal 24 Mar. 20. 8:3 Gray Lodge Refuge, alt. 60-65', S.W. Butte Co., Calif. List of birds seen late yesterday PM. & today is entered on field card below, with areas by habitats in columns as follows: #1. - near refuge headquarters only. #2 - weedy fields (partly flooded) + pheasant drive #3 - cattail + tule marshes + dikes + diked roads. Compare list in same area on Feb. 6, 1949 AUDUBON DAILY FIELD CARD OF BIRDS Occurring in the PACIFIC STATES (California, Oregon and Washington) Observer. H.L. Cogswell Locality. Gray Lodge Refuge Date. Mar. 20, 1949 Time. Weather clear, warm Wind light. Subspecies, with the exception of a few forms, easily recognizable in the field, are omitted. Put a more detailed account of today's observations in a separate notebook. Maybe you have seen something new! * = entry in species account 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Loon, Common Egret, Brewster's Pacific Heron, Anth. Green Red-throated Black-cr. Night Grebe, Holboell's Bittern, American Horned Least Eared Ibis, Wood Western Wh.-faced Glossy 1 Pied-billed Swan, Whistling Albatross, Black-f. Goose, Canada? Short-tailed Hutchins's 43} > + 1200+ Shearwater, Sl.-bill. * 500 Cackling Sooty Brant, Black 7 dark geese Black-vented Goose, Emperor for to N. Pink-footed White-fronted} Fulmar, Pacific Snow Petrel, Fork-tailed Ross's Beal's Tree-duck, Fulvous 300 Mallard Black Gadwall Ashy Widegeon, European 7 Socorro 58 Baldpate Pelican, White Pintail California Brown Teal, Green-winged 6 Cormorant, Farallon Blue-winged Brandt's Cinnamon Baird's 100 Shoveller Man-o'-war-bird Duck, Wood 3 Heron, Great Blue Redhead 8 Egret, American

1-2-3 No. Duck, Ring-necked Canvas-back Duck, Greater Scaup Lesser Scaup Golden-eye, American Barrow's Buffle-head Old-squaw Duck, Harlequin Scoter, White-winged Surf American 2 Duck, Ruddy Merganser, Hooded American Red-breasted #10 Vulture, Turkey Condor, California 1 Kite, White-tailed Goshawk Hawk, Sharp-shinned Cooper's Red-tailed Red-bellied Swainson's Am. Rough-leg. Fer. Rough-leg. Harris's Eagle, Golden Bald 5-10 Hawk, Marsh Osprey Falcon, Prairie Hawk, Duck Pigeon Sparrow Grouse, Sooty Franklin's Ruffed Ptarmigan, Wh.-tailed Grouse. Sharp-tailed Sage Hen Partridge, Eur. Bob-white Quail, California Gambel's Mountain *10-100 Pheasant, Ring-n. Crane, Little Brown Sandhill Rail, Cal. Clapper Virginia Sora Yellow Farallon 2/1 Gallinule, Florida Coot 20-200 Oyster-catcher, Black Plover, Snowy Semipalmated 123 No. Plover, Mountain Killdeer (NB2) Golden Black-bellied Surf-bird Turnstone, Ruddy Black Snipe, Wilson's Curlew, Long-billed Hudsonian Sandpiper, Spotted Solitary Tattler, Wandering Willet 2/3 Yellow-legs. Greater Lesser Knot Sandpiper, Aleutian Pectoral Baird's Least Red-backed 30 Dowitcher, Long-bill. Sandpiper, Western Godwit, Marbled Sanderling 40 Avocet Stilt, Black-necked Phalarope, Red Wilson's Northern Jaeger, Pomarine Parasitic Long-tailed Gull, Glaucous Glaucous-winged Western Herring California Ring-billed Short-billed Laughing Bonaparte's Kittiwake, Pac. Gull, Sabine's Tern, Gull-billed Forster's Common Arctic Brown's Royal Elegant Caspian Black Murre, California Guillemot, Pigeon Murrelet, Marbled Xantus's Craveri's Ancient 123 No. Auklet, Cassin's Paroquet Rhinoceros Puffin, Horned Tufted 20 Dove, Mourning Chinese Spotted Ringed Turtle White-winged Mexican Ground Cuckoo, California Road-runner Owl, Barn Screech Flam. Screech Horned Snowy Hawk Pygmy Elf 2/1 Burrowing Spotted Great Gray Long-eared Short-eared Saw-whet Poor-will Nighthawk Texas Swift, Black Vaux's White-throated Hummingbird, Costa's Black-chinned Anna's Broad-tailed Rufous Allen's Calliope Kingfisher, Belted 2/1 Flicker, Red-shafted Gilded Woodpecker, Pileated Gila California Lewis's Sapsucker, Red-naped Red-breasted Williamson's Woodpecker, Hairy Downy Cactus Nuttall's White-headed Arc. Three-toed Am. Three-toed Kingbird, Eastern Western Cassin's Flycatcher, Ash-thr. 123 No. Phoebe, Black Say's Flycatcher, Little Hammond's Wright's Gray Western Pewee, Western Wood Flycatcher. Olive-s. (royal field) Vermilion 1/2 Lark, Horned (S. refuge) Swallow, Violet-green 3 Tree Bank Rough-winged Barn Cliff 2/4 Martin, Purple Jay, Rocky Mt. Oregon Steller's (Crested) California Santa Cruz Magpie, American Yellow-billed Raven, American 10 Crow Jay, Piñon Nutcracker, Clark's Chickadee, Black-c. Mountain Chestnut-backed Titmouse, Plain Verdin Bush-Tit Nuthatch, Slender-b. Red-breasted Pygmy Creeper Wren-Tit Dipper Wren, House Winter Bewick's Cactus Marsh Canyon Rock Mockingbird (singing) 1 Catbird Thrasher, Bendire's California Leconte's Crissal Sage Robin Thrush, Varied Hermit Russet-backed Willow

No. Bluebird, Western Mountain Solitaire, Townsend's Gnatcatcher, Western Plumbeous Black-tailed Kinglet, Golden-cr. Ruby-crowned Pipit, American Waxwing, Bohemian Cedar Phainopepla Shrike, Northwestern California Vireo, Hutton's Least Gray Cassin's Red-eyed Warbling Warbler, Bl. and Wh. Lutescent Dusky Calaveras Lucy's Yellow Myrtle Audubon's Black-thr. Gray Townsend's Hermit Water-Thrush, Grin. Warbler, Macgilliv. Yellow-throat Chat, Long-tailed Warbler, Pileolated Redstart, American Sparrow, English Bobolink Meadowlark, Western Blackbird, Yellow-h. Red-wing Bicolored Tricolored Oriole, Ariz. Hooded Scott's Bullock's Blackbird, Brewer's Cowbird No. Tanager, Western Cooper's Grosbeak, Bl.-heade Blue Bunting, Lazuli Grosbeak, Evening Finch, Cal. Purple Cassin's Purple House Grosbeak, Pine Finch, Rosy Redpoll Siskin, Pine Goldfinch Green-backed Lawrence's Crossbill, Red White-winged Towhee, Green-taile Spotted Brown Albert's Bunting, Lark Sparrow, Savannah Belding's Large-billed Grasshopper Vesper Lark Rufous-crowned Desert Bell's Sage Junco, Slate-colored Oregon Gray-headed Sparrow, Tree Chipping Brewer's Black-chinned Gambel's Puget Sound Nuttall's Golden-crowned White-throated Fox Lincoln's (Use Song Bunting, Snowy) Accidentals. Total Species. 62 . Individuals. NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY 1000 Fifth Ave., New York 28, N. Y. 10 for $.25 50 for $1.00 5M-3-48 Printed in U

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 25 Mar. 20 p.4 Sartain Ranch, N.E. Colusa Co., Calif. From about 12:15 to 1:30 PM we stopped along the Bradley - Colusa Rd. at the E. boundary of Sartain's 6900+ acres (just W. of Butte Creek) and sat on bank while we learned about the pheasant management & study program here. The Sartain ranch is mostly rice stubble yet, but ~~the smaller farm to the east {between here & Butte Creek} is green with ?? a plant I didn't identify. Three Buteo swain- soni flew over together, headed ~ SSW. They ranged from a very dark bellied & breasted bird (with whole wing linings quite dark, tho anterior 1/3 was more reddish brown than deep brown as rest of wing), to a bird in intermediate phase with light area of wing linings more prominent & breast lighter, & the 3rd bird in typical light phase. - Conway Ranch, SE. of Woodland, Yolo Co., Calif. From about 5:15 to 6:15 PM we engaged in another pheasant drive here, the section we worked being along a roadside irrigation ditch -- 1+ mile of which yielded only 10 & 34 birds. Just at dusk we drove over to levee along W. side of Yolo Basin & discovered where all the pheasants are: they are out on newly green fields feeding & have [feels people on ranch] left stubble ditches only in last two weeks.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 26 Mar. 26 - Edgeman, coast of San Mateo Co., Calif. - for about an hour in mid-morning we worked over the dunes here, studying vegetation for Zoo 125. Vertebrates seen incidental to this were: Zonotrichia leucophrys muttallii - 3+ scolding us from Lupinus chamissonis bushes on inner dunes - as tho they had nests nearby. Microtus sp? - 1 about 5-6" in length, tail included, scuttled under grasses at edge of one patch of bush. Many Larus glaucescens, Larus occidentalis (few), and 1 flock of 30+ unidentified, large, brown shorebirds were seen flying up the beach. - 2 mi. S. of San Pedro Point, San Mateo Co., Calif. - while working here for about 1 ½ hrs., making a transect study of sagebrush slope (N.W. facing) for Zoo 125, I heard the following birds: Thryomanes bewickii, Chamaea fasciata, Vermivora coletta (1 each, all in repeated songs), & several Zonotrichia leucophrys (scolding). - Moss Beach, San Mateo Co., Calif. - from our lunch stop (on beach rocks just above high water line) the commonest gull was Larus glaucescens; a few L. occidentalis & Larus sp.? were seen, as well as 1 swallow (Petrochelidon ?). - 4 mi. S. of Half Moon Bay (town), San Mateo Co., Calif. In a small, unkempt cemetery here, which is reverting to sagebrush-shapervall mixture, one &

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 27 Mar. 26 - 4 mi. S. of Half moon Bay, San Mateo Co., Calif. (cont'd) p.2 Selerophorus sasin was evidently on territory. It fed about numerous blossoms of Vinea major there. Apr. 1 Life Sciences Bldg. to lower Strawberry Canyon (below Botanic Garden), return, U. of Calif. Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. went with Bruce Brown on walk from 10:30 - 12:00 for purpose of teaching him some birds, especially the voices thereof. New leaves are coming out on Quercus agrifolia trees defoliated by oak moths last year; Aesculus is well leaved out, even in the shade; Rhus diversiloba leaves opening up; Smil- axina is in bud. - all these along lower cyclo- tron Road. As to birds, the singing of about 5 each of Vermivora celata and Wilsonia pusilla was conspicuous on the N. facing slope. One carpenter Vireo gilvus, sveral Iarus inornatus, 10+ Carpodacus purpureus, 10+ Melospiza melodia, 3 Thryomanes benichi, 1 Qegulus calendula, and a few Chanaca fasciata were also heard singing in the canyon. A single Empidonax difficilis gave the usual "peet" from tall conifers NW of the stadium, another from wooded portion of creek in campus near Chem. Bldgs. Apr. 2 Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co., Calif - drove here via Danville, road over Black Hills with Ecologg class. We did chaparral plot work at altitude of about 2300', had amphispiza belli, all around us. Pacific Grove, Monterey Co., Calif. Insufficient time for detailed notes. Birds seen here listed in roll book. One Phalaropus fulicarius near Fort Ord in P.M. Apr. 3 - Asilomar

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 28 Apr. 9. Jawbone Ranger Sta. 3400' alt., Stanislaus Nat'l Forest, Tuolumne Co., Calif. Came here with Dr. Leopold's class in Game Management, driving from Berkeley via Route 50 to Route 120 W. of Manteca thence to Groveland in the foothills where we assembled into caravan -> turned N. on dirt road a few miles E. of town, which led down into canyon of Tuolumne River opposite Jawbone Ridge. In chaparral of N.-facing slope there was met T. Diney of the deer population study project here and stopped at several points enroute to the ranger station for purposes of learning about various aspects of deer study. A few mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were seen in oak-woodlands of lower Jawbone Ridge. The following birds were noted during our few min. utes in the almsotowna - Ceanothus cuneatus - are tosylphos chaparral of N.-facing slope: Calyptr anua - 1 ? singing Thrymaues lenwichi - 1 " (heard) Chamaea fasciata - 1 " " {Colaptes caerulea - 1 heard. Pipilo maoulatus - heard singing " fusces - heard Junco. sp. - " " Enroute up the canyon of Corral Creek several Pipulo maoulatus & 1 Torostoma redinimum were heard singing at dusk. about 11 P.M. I heard one Bubo virgianus from my sleeping-bag. Apr. 10. Before breakfast I surveyed the vicinity of the station for birds: from 5 to 5:30 A.M. by tallying those heard from my campsite;

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Coggswell 1949 Journal 29 Apr. 10 Long Jawbone Cr. Jawbone Ranger Sta., 3700' alt., Stanislaus Nat. Forest, Twisslunne Cr., Calif. (contd.) from 5:30-6:30 I hiked over to the creek thence up along the ridge road (jeep road) to point about 1 mile from cabin. Yellow pine, incense cedar, black oak, with carpet of 'mountain misery' formed about 50%? of the vegetation on E facing protected slopes, with the rest being filled with Ceanothus cuneatus Arctostaphylos (glandulosa?) on the higher exposed S facing slope this chaparral was nearly solid, with some Quercus chrysolepis or Q. douglasii. a few tall, burned stubs indicate former coniferous forest however. Birds + mammals seen or heard here are: (1) - those talled by voice at dawn: time 0500 - I awoke; Robin giving mellow trill call. 0501 - Robin gave loud 'peek' call. These two types of calls given in alternate series for a few minutes. 0503 - Spotted Towhee - 1 cat-call 0504 - Mountain Quail - 1 'quork' heard, far away. 0509 - Spotted Towhee - resumed cat-calls & continued steadily. 0512 - Robins - mostly silent now. 0513 - Sparrow sp? - 'tsup' heard. 0514 - Brown Towhee - sharp 'chip' close by. 0516 - first bird seen; a small finch or ?? flew over among the tree tops.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 30 Apr. 10 Jawbone Ranger Station, near Jawbone Creek, alt. 3500', Stanislaus Nat'l Forest, Tuolumne Co., Calif. (cont'd p.3) 0519 - "chip-chyeeep" calls heard from up on ridge above. (species ??). 0520 - Purple Finch - sang. 0522 - Black Phoebe - "song" - steadily, from near cabin 0523 - Brewer's Blackbird - " " - " " " by 0530 (I was dressing) - Warbling Vireo - in song. - Flicker - song, in distance. From 0530 - 0630 I hiked over to the creek, noting a Dipper (Cinclus mexicanus), call note - but didn't catch sight of the bird; and thence thru yellow Pine - white fir forest to more open yellow- Pine - manzanita & Ceanothus cuneatus growth on ridge to west of the creek. In more exposed, S.E. facing slopes the chaparral is high & thick; on the pro- tected slopes only Chamaefirea and occasional smaller Arctostaphylos bushes cover the ground (Q. kelloggii) under the pines. Black oaks there are not yet beginning to leaf out, although some are well out in lower canyons we came through yesterday. Some scrubby Q. chrysolepis here too. Birds & mammals recorded during this hour are: Red-shafted Flicker - 1 Bush tit - 2 (squeak) acorn woodpecker - 2 White Br. Nuthatch - 1 heard singing Hairy Woodpecker - 1 Bewick's Wren - 1 " Steller's Jay - 4 Robin - flock of 5, flew over. Scrub Jay - 1 * Varied Thrush - 17 came to squeak

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Logswell 1949 Journal 3/1 Apr. 10 - Jamboree Ranger Stn., 3400' alt., Tuolumne Co., Calif. (p. 4) Hermit Thrush - 1 ('whew' call heard) Ruby-crowned Kinglet - 1 singing Hutton's Vireo - 1 heard singing Black-throated Gray Warbler - 3 M Purple Finch - 3 singing Brewer's Siskin - 1 heard Spotted Towhee - 2 *Brown Towhee - 2 Gray Squirrel - 2 Mule Deer - 1 (?) Around the cabin area from 0630 to breakfast at about 0815, and at intervals during the afternoon, the following species were noted: Mourning Dove - 1 heard cooing Boor. will - heard last evening Horned owl - " " " (far off) *Calliope Hummingbird - 1 M; 1 F. Red-shafted Slicker - 3 M * Downy Woodpecker - 1 F White-headed Woodpecker - 1 M + 1 heard Black Phoebe - pr. (last year's nest at cabin) Violet-green Swallow - 1 pr. + Steller's Jay - 2 M Bush Tit - 1 pair Brown Creeper - 1 heard singing Robin - full song at 0655 M in block later on Warbling Vireo - 1 singing Audubon's Warbler - 1 " Black-thr. Gray Warbler - 2 " Bullock's oriole - 1 M Cowbird - 1 M Purple Finch - 2 M sing. Brewer's Siskin - 3 flew over Spotted Towhee - 1 - swg. *Brown Towhee - 1 pair *Salt Sparrow - 1 singing Oregon Junco - several.. The rest of the day with the class went to open top (lava area) offridge A. Birds incidental, but few. noted there, additional to above list: Calf. Thrasher - 1 heard singing Plain Titmouse - " " " west. Bluebird - 3 M Mountain Bluebird - 1 M, 4 F. House Finch - heard singing Green-backed Goldfinch - " " *Salt Sparrow - 2, singing and in yellow pine forest: Mountain Chickadee - 1 heard.

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Logswell 1949 Journal 32 E.of Spruce St. entrance of Apr. 16- Wildcat Canyon, Tilden Regional Park Contra Costa Co. Calif. Spent period from 8:30 AM - 2:00 PM here with Dr. Ditka's Ecology class, studying invertebrate animal life on 1 sq. meter quadrats; Birds observed incidental to this are entered in my roll book record. No life history notes taken. Black Phoebe {nesting near under Golden Gate Fields} Apr. 22- Access Highway, Richmond + Albany, Contra Costa + Alameda Co. Calif - Surveyed spring shorebirds briefly from the car. Species seen listed in my roll book. [See also, in species accounts, no abundance of: Erolia alpina, Eremetes mauri] Apr. 23- Bay Farm Id., Alameda, Alameda Co. Calif.- I went with group of about 12 students in Zoology 11/3 course led by Bob Bailey, for study of shorebirds along Doolittle Drive to the "avocet pond" beyond Alameda city limits + return.. Tidal was high at first & we saw little except those far out on hummocks in marsh by bay shore. R.W. Storer covered the area for his shorebird census, so no list will be made here. [See species accounts for Erolia alpina, E. minutilla, Eremetes mauri, & Charadrius vociferans & C. hiaticula]. I went alone, about noon, to the big flat NE of Island Road & Maitland Drive, walking out from point "E" on Storer's map. From there I estimated a total shorebird population well in excess of 100,000 - perhaps 3 times that many. in sight at once.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 33 Apr. 24. Arroyo Mocho (SE of Livermore) to Mt. Hamilton, Ala. meda & Santa Clara Co., Calif. Drove via Walnut Creek to Alamo [where we stopped for 5 min. to note birds along the creek bed: Calif. Quail - 8; Wood Pewee - 1; Cedar Waxwing - 15; Yellow Warbler, song heard; Cowbird - 2; Black-headed Grosbeak - {dead on road; Scrub Jay - 1; and House Finch, Green-backed Goldfinch, several each] and thence to Dublin & Livermore, where we followed Audubon Field Trip Group to point in Arroyo Mocho "wash" about arriving there about 9:30 A.M. 4 mi. SE of town. The most birds seen all day were in this area of scattered Sycamores & Blue Oaks with much 1 ft. high grass between. The stream is drying to a slow trickle, but attracts several of the warblers, and my son Denis & another boy found several turtles (Clemmys maximata) in it, one of which, about 3" long, we brought home. At least 5 Thamnophis sp. were also found in brief stops at several points along 1/2 mi. or so of stream bed. Many Citellus beecheyi were out in other holes were maximata the grassy areas, especially along the old Terrace back a ways from stream bed. Many areas about 15 x 30' or so were cropped to about 1/2 height of rest of grass - forming conspicuous depressions upon careful observation. I wonder whether there are due to the squirrels? We covered the "wash" area until 11:30 and then started up the long dirt road to Mt. Hamilton, stopping for lunch at 8.70 mi. marker (from junction of Mines & Tesla Rd.).

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 34 Apr.24 - Arroyo Moths to Mt. Hamilton, Alameda & Santa Clara Co. Calf.(cont.) The SW facing slope of the canyon is more open, of grassland or oak parkland nature, at the edge of which we ate lunch. Beyond this the road goes thru miles - miles of oak woodland with Digger Pine abundant at higher altitudes. Stops made after lunch were brief & included areas of woodland, chaparral (on red soils at) Quaternary? Transition zone Black Oak forest near the summit of Hamilton. Birds observed are listed below: sp.acct. * *= see Species Sycamore -oak "wash" open oak- grassland Blue oak digger pine chap. at mid.altit. Adenostoma High chap. forest (near summit) Cathartes aura accipiter sp? 1 Butio jamaicensis aquila chrysaetos (?) 2 3 1 Falco sparverius 2 pr. 10+ Sophora californica 1 pr. 1 (farm pond) Charadrius vociferus 1 pr. Zenaidura macroura 10+ hummingbird sp? (archilobus?) 1? Colaptes cafer 2 Dendroopos metalli 5+ myiarchus cinerascens 2 pr. Sagornis migrans 1 pr. 1 heard Tachycineta thalassina 10+ Hirundo rustica 2 Petrochelidon pyrrhonota many Cyanocitta Stelleri 1 Apelocomus ceruleoscent 2 several Rica muttelli 2+ 2 Corvus brachyrhynchos 1 1 (farm in valley) Parus inornatus 1 2 15+ 3 Troglodytes aedon 1 2 Tirymanos bewicki 1 3 Aphostoma redivivum 1 Sialia mexicana 15+ Colaptes caeruleus 2 3+ Phainopepla nitens 2?, 1? 1 (heard) Vireo solitarius sellos vermibora celata Dendroeca auduboni 2 1 heard? nigrescens "" oporornis tolmiei 1?

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 35 Apr. 24. Arrows mocks to Mt. Hamilton, Alameda - Contra Costa Co., Calif. (species) columns per ttore on p. 34 } I II III IV V Wilsonia pusilla 10± 2 3+ Passer Domesticus several Sturnella neglecta 5 singing S bellochi 5 ± " 10± Euphagus cyanocephalus several several Molothrus ater 1♂ Piranga ludoviciana 1♂ Hedymeles melinocephalus 10+ Passerina amoena 2 Cardopacus mexicanus - several - Spinus pinus 3 Spinus psaltria 15 20± Pipilo maculatus fuscus 2 pr. 1 Clonastes grammacus 2 5 ± Junco oreganus 2 Spizella passerina 2 3 ± Zonotrichia leucophrys 15+ coronata May 6- Berkeley, to San Joaquin Experimental Range, alameda co. alt. 1000', SSW of O'Neals, Madera Co., Calif. Drove here via Walnut Creek, Dublin, Tracy, Uremalis, Modesto & S. along highway U.S. 99 to Madera (at dark). Then up to the Range after dinner, arriving about 9:15 P.M. One Lepus californicus crossed highway 41 in front of car on or near the Range. A pair of Bubo virginianus called from oaks near head. Quarters of the Range about 11:30 P.M. Enroute across the valley this P.M. the ff. species were commonest roadside birds (in decreasing abundance): Brewer's and Red-winged Blackbirds, English Sparrow, West. Meadowlark, House Finch, West. Kingbird, Sparrow Hawk

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 36 May 7. San Joaquin Experimental Range, alt. 1000', SSW of O'neals Makeria Co., Calif. From my sleeping bag this A.M. at 0400 - violet green swallows calling overhead, stars dimming out slightly. 0430 - acorn woodpecker called & flew to another tree. 0500 - most birds in voice; Calif. Quail had just started 0540 - sunrise. Between 0525 and 0600 I covered the area just E. of the headquarters buildings. From 0800 to about 0915 we (Ecology class) were afield near the buildings but with instruction in range management going on, bird & mammal observation was limited. From then until noon we visited (by car) several spots To the S & SW of headquarters including cattle & rodent exclosures & the unused rodent enclosures. From 1330 to 1600 we walked away from headquarters to the NE through the "natural area" (improved since 1934) and returned along the creek just W. of it. I kept noting birds as occasion arose, but found no significant differences in habitat other than in the "yard" around headquarters. Species Those identified are listed below (* = see species account) Turkey vulture - 10+ Red-tailed hawk - 8+ * Calif. quail - 30+ mourning dove - 5 Roadrunner - 1 acorn woodpecker - 3 nuttall's *west. kingbird - 25+ ashtroated flycatcher - 10+ *violet green swallow - 15+ scrub jay plain titmouse white-breasted nuthatch Phainopepla Loggerhead Shrike Bullock Oriole brewers blackbird cowbird house finch green-backed goldfinch 15+ 10+ 1 2 1 7 20+ 3+ 50+ 3+ 19

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 37 May 7 San Joaquin Experimental Range, alt. 1000', SSW of O'Neals Madera Co., Calif. (cont'd): Brown Towhee - 2 * Dark Sparrow - 2 (Headquarters area only, but probably also occurred elsewhere). The only species found only at Headquarters (Dark Spar- row) is not of such habitat requirements as to indi- cate restriction there. All other parts of the Range we visited are relatively uniform Blue Oak - Ponderosa pine woodland with varying amounts of Interior live oak (Q wislizeni) and Ceanothus cuneatus on the less exposed slopes and some aesculus in the larger draws, although the herb cover in the "natural area" was the most exten- sive of any we visited, and ground squirrels were least numerous there, I could distinguish no difference in the bird population on this casual visit. The absence of vireos & warblers & hummingbirds of any kind may be noteworthy at this season (vegetation drying out early for lack of spring rains). The patches of scattered Ceanothus cuneatus, Arctostaphylos mari- posse and sapling oaks, the latter especially in the natural area, should provide more habitat for ground & thicket birds I would think ! The weather was hot & dry, so we may have missed some of these species even if present. 3 Crotalus were killed by members of party today; one contained a small Citellus beechi which species was the most abundant mammal. Fresh work of Thomomys was seen in swales and 2 Sylvilagus seen early in A.M.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 38 May 8 S.W side of Bass Lake, 3500' alt., madena Co., Calif. The Ecology class, with Dr. J.A. Ritella, instructor, camped here last night after driving from the Experimental Range in late PM. The area about our camp is a thin 2nd growth forest of Pinus ponderosa, Libocedrus decurrens with and many small some large Quercus kelloggii and a few Quercus chrysolepis along the canyon which drains to NE into the lake. The interstices of the forest are more or less filled with Ceanothus integerrimus and aristo. staphylos mariposa on the N. facing slopes, and with scattered shrubs of these, bush types of Lupine & various herbs on the S. facing slopes. A few Alnus rhombifolia & 1+ Fraxinus sp. trees were found along the stream. In the evening (May 7) I noted only those birds in camp; but between 0430 to 0515 this AM I tallied those heard from where I was (in sleeping bag) 0430 - I awoke; 2 black headed grosbeaks & 1 spotted towhee in song. 0430½ - mountain quail gave "quork" call. 0433 - robin called [no songs heard all AM]. 0435 - Nashville warbler sang, upslope from me. 0438 - flicker gave half hearted song; spotted towhee which had been singing at regular intervals, changed type of song to a more rapid "buzz". 0440 - junco sang 0443½ - Calif. quail "chi-ca-go" call heard from down slope toward the lake. [repeated c. 5-6 times] 0447 - woodpecker drumming [not repeated]

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 39 May 8. SW side of Bass Lake, 3500' alt., Madera Co., Calif. (cont'd.) 0448 - woodpecker sang 0452 - solitary vireo sang 0455 - oliv-sided flycatcher - "what-peeves-you" call. 0459 - chipping sparrow - sang 0500 1/2 - acorn woodpecker, Steller's jay first heard. 0506 - crowbird (J's high whistle heard) 0515 - west. Tanager - song heard [not repeated] In the above record all species continued in voice after being first listed, except where cessation is indicated. From 0515-0600 I walked up the slope (N. facing) above camp a few hundred feet. and then, hearing a Buggny owl start calling across the canyon, I went over that direction, found it, the sun having then risen so as to strike the ground below the trees in which it was perched. (see species account). After breakfast (ending about 0800) the class as a whole went up the canyon a short distance. Vertebrates noted in this locality on any of the above coverages are tallied here: (*= see species account). Eumeces gilberti - 1 ad. (J??) picked up by me on S. fac. sig slope near bottom of canyon. *Lophortyx californica - 1 heard Balanophora formicivora 2* *oreortyx picta - 3 " Dendrocopos villosus - 1 Zenaidura macroura - 3+ singing Centopus richardsonii - 2 *Llaucidium gnoma - 1 Putalporris massaucus - 1 Colaptes calfer - 1 Cyanocitta stelleri - 5+ Aplelocoma coerulescus - 1

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Logswell 1949 Journal 40 May 8: Swades of Bass Lake, 3500' alt., Madera Co. Calif. (5) Centris familiaris - 2, singing Turdus migratorius - 3+ pairs [no songs] Vireo solitarius - 3 Vireo gilvus - 1 Venivora ruficapella - 5+ Dendroica occidentalis - 1?, singing, (a nodding Doffney owl) Wilsonia pusilla - 1? Molothrus ater - 1?, 17 Doringa ludoviciana. 1 heard (1 song) Hedyneles melanocephalus - 10+, most conspicuous singer. Carpodacus purpureus - 1 song heard. Bipilus manulatus - 1, singing regularly. Junco oreganus - 2+ , " Spizella passerina - 2, " Peromyscus maniculatus 2 caught in trap set by O.J. Brown. (125 traps set in various areas; both animals caught near rock outcrops close to stream). Mariposa Grove Big Trees, Yosemite Nat'l Park, alt. 6500', Calif. - we drove here, without stops, from Bass Lake, arriving about 11:00 AM. There is still snow in all protected sites under the trees -- up to 3-4' deep in some. Road apparently only recently opened. No herbaceous growth noted near the road, along which my observation was restricted, interrupted from time to time by driving the car + adjacent snowball fight by others of class.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 41 May 8 Mariposa Grove Big Trees Yosemite Nati Park, Calif. alt.6500' (contd). We left the area about 12:10 after having taken several photos, and noted the ff. vertebrates: Dendrocopos villosus - 1 heard Cyanocitta stelleri - 2 " Sitta canadensis - 1 " Certhia familiaris - 1 " singing Dendroica auduboni - 1 " + 1(other?) calling Hesperiphora vespertina - many in the tree tops, to judge by the calls emanating therefrom. Both the rattle and the wheezy whistle notes were frequent. I saw 1♂ at close range. Citellus lateralis - 2 together in sunny spot among approx.40 acre forest trees (not Sequoias) containing rock outcrop. Fish Camp, about 5000' alt., 2 mi. S of So. entrance to Yosemite Nati Park, Calif (Mariposa G.) - Lunch stop by the roadside here (about 31/4 hour). I took 15 min. tour of immediately adjacent Ceanothus cordulatus? thicket and conifer forest + walled from road as we ate. Following is list of species noted: Dendrocopos vellosus - 1 heard Contopus richardsoni - " " Nutellornis mesoleucus - " " Empidonax (hammondi?) - 1 Cyanocitta stelleri - 2 Dendroica aestivala - 1(♂)♂(sng) " occidentals - 2♂ " Oporornis tolmiei - 1♂ Hesperiphora vespertina - 1 heard Junco oreganus - 5 Passerella iliaca - 1(sng) Tamiasciurus douglasii - 1 heard Citellus lateralis - 2 fairy slope a few miles to S., where 1 Sciurus griseus also noted. A few Pinus murrayana were seen along the road just N. of here; otherwise the area is typical middle transition zone coniferous forest. No oaks in this area, though found abundantly on SE?

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 42 May 8 - Coarse [illegible] to Raymond, Daulton, and Chowchilla, Madere Co., Calif. This route from typical upper Sonoran Blue oak-Digger pine woodland to broad stretches of grassland & eventually to cultio- vated valley is beautiful illustration of the foothills of the Sierras. In the wide grassland on low rolling hills S. of Raymond and on ? flatter plains nearing Daulton, the commonest bird along the roadside, was the horned lark, as noted from car with scattered meadowlarks, west. kingbirds, & shrikes also noted. Red-wings and cliff swallows were found along the larger swales in the flatter country (planted to grain) and house finches & English sparrows near ranches only. 2 Swainson's hawks were seen over low hills, and 2 over cultivated valley land, Sheggs Point May 21-22 Skyline Blvd, San Mateo Co., to La Honda, San Gregorio, Ano Nuevo Point, Scott Creek, & 2 1/2 mi. NE Bonny Doon, Helton, Mt. Herman, and Big Basin Park, Santa Cruz Co., Calif. Followed this route yesterday (May 21), with stops for observation, chiefly of the vegetation, at most points listed. Birds observed then and this morning at Big Basin were tallied & will be incorporated in my notes for # Zoology 125. (June) - (see, Term Report # 2 for description of areas & birds, as listed in Table 9).

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ogs well 1949 journal 43 June 19 Pacific Grove, Monterey Co., Calif. Drove here from Albany. Left there at 11:55 AM, stopped for picnic lunch, came via San Francisco, Sunnyvale, Los Gatos, Santa Cruz, Watsonville with three brief stops enroute, the last at Moss Landing; arrived Pac. Grove about 4:20 PM. Weather was clear & comfortably warm all the way; nice sea breeze this side of Santa Cruz Mts. Near summit of pass between Los Gatos & Santa Cruz sides we stopped in redwoods for a moment in mid-PM. The only bird voice heard was Larus refescens. At Moss Landing there were 10-15 Sterna forsteri fishing in the lagoon, 15-20 Larus occidentalis (including 2+ ads), 1+ Larus californicus or delawarensis, 1 Nycticorax nycticorax, and 100+ shearwaters of undetermined species. These last were within easy binocular range offshore but against the PM sun nothing but silhouettes could be seen. They were small & probably either Ruffines griseus or opisthomelas. At dusk we stopped by the shore at foot of 17th St. in Pacific Grove & saw a flock of 50+ shearwaters on the water not over 1/5 mi. out. (see also species account of Clamys leucurus) June 20 to July 31} Pacific Grove, Monterey Co., Calif. and field trips to nearby points as indicated. No daily journal of activities was kept order. This period because of the pressure of duties in connection with course on

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journal marine invertebrates which I was taking. occasional entries in species accounts were all that could be done by way of vertebrate observation. A roster of places visited where any such observations were made (whether recorded or not) follows: June 22, 25, July 4, 6, 7, 12±, 19, 25, 26, 27, 30 - N. side of Pt. Pinos - usually from 15 min. to 1hr. observation, scanning the ocean for shear- waters (which, see species accounts) & anything everywhere also going by. June 26 } July 17 } Descadero Point June 26 - S. side of Salinas River mouth + nearby lagoon, July 11, 27-" " " , black. June 26, July 31 - El Estero Park, Monterey June 28, July 17 - Huckleberry Hill (highest on Peninsala) June 30, July 3,4, 12,13,14, 21,22,24, 25, 27, 28 - Elkhorn Slough + (on some of those dates) adjacent farmland, dune, & beach areas. July 10 - Carmel Valley to Nobles del Rio, Hastings Res- servation, & return. July 17 - 17 mi. Drive from Pacific Grove to Pt. Joe, Cy- pres Point, Pebble Beach, also: - Pt. Lobos and ocean south of Malpaso Creek (see Enhydra lutris sp. acc.) July 20 - Boat trip in RM. from Monterey Harbor to about 10 mi. west & slightly south of Pt. Pinos & return. July 28, 31 - by rowboat from Pacific Grove Beach to kelp beds between there & Pt. Pinos or out into bay 1 mi Birds recorded on these trips are entered in my roll book record. (8½ x 11" - personal file)

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"Journal" --> pp. 45-49 omitted. pp. 30-127 in separate covers (Humboldt & Trinity Cos.)

Cozwell 1949 : Journal : 128 Nov. 20- Monterey, Monterey Co., Calif. We drove from Berkeley after dark last night, camped at Elkhorn Slough but left there at 6:30 a.m. today (while still but little daylight) and came here to go on a boat trip offshore. Miss Jocelyn Tyler and Robert Norris, who came with us, had reservations for a p.m. trip -- but my wife, Bessie, & son Denis went aboard the "Jolly Roger" at 8:00 a.m. Passengers totalled 22 & included Chas. Sibley, Harry Adamson, L. Carl, Mrs. Ethel Richardson & others from the S.F. Bay region. We left the harbor at 8:15 a.m., passed the buoy marking the N. end of Pt. Pinos rocks at 8:43, then headed approximately due west until about 10:15 a.m. According to the boat operator we were then about 13-15 miles out from the harbor. We then turned N & NNE for 1-1/2 miles & thence back eastward (due E magnetic) & returned to the bay mouth at 11:30 & into the dock at 11:55 a.m. Estimates of, the birds seen, by species and approximate distance offshore are listed on the next page. The weather was clear with a fog bank visible well beyond the point which we reached. Sea was quite smooth. I baited the gulls with chunks of sardine and mackerel, but got no response from other species.

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Cogswell 1944 Journal 128' Nov. 20 (cont'd) Monterey, Monterey Co. Calif. List of Birds seen in 3 3/4 boat trip from Monterey harbor to 10-12 mi. offshore a return: in harbor. in Monterey 0-5/6 5/6 on Bay mi. off -10-12 breakwater (3+ mi.) At Pinos At times. Loon, sp. 10+ 50+ 20+ Pacific Loon 1 1 dead. Western Grebe 3 Eared Grebe 5 3 Short-tailed Shearwater 1 50+ 300+ Submarin 10+ 20+ Brown Pelican 50+ 10 3 10+ Double-crested Cormorant rv. 10+ ? Brandt's Cormorant 200+ 100+ 30+ 10+ Pelagic Cormorant 5++ Scoter, (Surf?) 3 (70) in 1 flock Red-breasted Merganser 18 Red Phalarope [illegible] 1? 2+ Glaucous-winged Gull # # ## # Western Gull ## ## ## ## Herring Gull rv. # ## Calif. Gull ## # few Ring-billed Gull rv. rv. 1? 5+ New Gull ? few Bonaparte's Gull 3 Heermann's Gull ## ## # few Com. Murre 2 5+ 2+ Biggs Guillemot 1 Murrelet (white-breasted) 8+ Cassin's Auklet 7+ 3+ Rhinoceros Auklet 15+ 15+

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 129 via U.S. 40 Dec. 4 - Berkeley, to Winters, Knights Landing, Butter Causeway, Yuba City, & Gridley, Butte. Lack of waterfowl on valley fields is in sharp contrast to conditions here last February. Many fields are plowed already; others (chiefly rice) are not. yet no ducks or geese were seen even in rice stubble except very close to the refuges N of Marysville. Battles: a few of birds seen enroute are tallied - in my personal roll book. - Gray Lodge State Game Refuge vicinity, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. Drove W. from Gridley about 9:25 a.m., caught up with caravan of 5 or 6 cars of Yuba Rite Audubon Society members who were here for a field trip also. Arrived at refuge headquarters about 9:45, and took a quick ride around 1/2 of inner loop road in back of pick-up driven by man working there. Then we walked around the whole inner loop with a straggling group of 15-25 people - not the best conditions for waterfowl observation, but many were observed at fairly close range, nevertheless. Total waterfowl numbers (see list below) seem far below last spring's population, altho the geese seem to be

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Coggswell 1949 Journal 130 Dec. 4- Gray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. coming in in fair shape. Lack of swans shows that normal winter flocks are not yet all here. After lunch we drove around 3/4 of the outer loop road, stopping [illegible] for 15 min. or so along Butte Creek [illegible] at NW end of refuge. Birds seen in the riparian growth there, are marked with (r.) in the list below. Leaving the refuge about 4:00 p.m. we drove toward the Buttes thence [illegible] the road which skirts the NW corner of them. Here we saw a huge flock of geese, 3+ species, and 1 of 220+ cranes — all spreading out on stubble fields at dusk to feed. List of Bird Species seen on or near Gray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif: (including goose & crane flocks NW of Buttes). Beld's-billed Cuke - 1+ Dbl. cr. Cormorant - 1 Great Blue Heron - 8+ Am. Egret - 5+ Snowy Egret - 1 * Black-cr. Night Heron-400+ Am. Bittern - 1 Large Canada Goose - 4+ Lesser .. .. - 1+ Cackling .. .. - 2+ Unidentified dark gese sr. hundred White-fronted Goose - 1000+ Snow Goose . 10,000+ Ross Goose . 2+ Mallard 80,000 est Sndwall 10+ Pintail 60,000 est Green-w. Teal 500 est Cinnamon Teal 2+ Shoveller 50+ Baldpate 50,000 est Scap, sp? 3

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Cogswell 1949 Dec. 4 - Gray Lodge Refuge, Butte Co., Calif. Journal BIRD LIST (CONT'D) Bufflehead - 1? Duddy Duck - 15? Sharp.shin. Hawk - 1 Red-tailed Hawk - 10? Marsh Hawk - 10? Duck Hawk - 1 Sparrow Hawk - 2 Calif. Quail - 4+ (cooy) Ring n. Pleasant - 20? * Gr. Sandhill Crane - 220? Lesser " " 8 (30 cranes flying over refuge at 1:00 p.m.) Virginia Rail - 1 heard Black Gallinule - 2 am. Coot - 500? Killdeer - 15? Com. Snipe - 5 Gr. Yellow-legs - 4 Dowittler - 150 Herring Gull - 1 ad. Mourning Dove - 1 Red. shaftal Whisker - 5 (r.) Tree Swallow - 5? Yellow-billed Magpie - 1 (Griddle; # exroute from [illegible]) Mockingbird - 3-(" "). House Wren - 1 heard (r.) Long b. Marsh Wren - 10?, several singing Ruby-crowned Kinglet - 1 heard (r.) Am. Pipit - many Loggerhead Shrike - 2 * Orange-crowned Warbler - 1 (r.) Yellow.throat - 1? Prist. Meadowlark - 30? Red-wing - 5000? Brevers Blackbird - many Am. Goldfinch - 50? Savannah Sparrow - 10? Oregon Junco (heard at refuge [illegible]) White-crowned Sparrow-10? Golden cr. Sparrow - 1? (r.) Song Sparrow - 30? (* in above list = "see species acct.")

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"Sustine 'Land & Cattle Co'" Dec. 10 - 90 ft. 3 mi. SE Sustine, Merced Co., Calif. Rode here this p.m. from Berkeley with Philip Arend in his car, the rest of the Ornithology class from U.C., with Dr. A.H. Miller in a University Chev. Suburban. We drove via Walnut Creek, Dublin, Tracy & thence along state highway 33 to Sustine. The grass is coming up green on all the hillslopes except those most severely over-grazed. In the valley field borders it is already up 4 to 5 inches high. Every thing is moist & clean after recent rains There was a stiff NW wind blowing in, til just before sundown. The usual field birds were noted except - plus: Golden Eagle - 1 over, hills between Livermore & Tracy; Red-tailed Hawk - several; Mountain Bluebird - several in the valley; Yellow Billed Magpie - 2 near Sustine. Driving along the E-W county road into the Sustine Land & Cattle Co. lands (gen club) here, we looked over flooded weedy & sparse (burned) cat-tail & tule fields. Some of the ditches bordering the road still have dense emergent growth, but the "fields" are pretty much opened up. Had supper from camp stove by corral, (1 short-eared owl, 1 Duck Hawk flew over) but were invited to stay in cabin at hdy - so here we are. mgr. of the club is Mr. Tate. Saw one Short- eared owl perched on cross-arm of telephone pole over marshy spot as we (about 6:30 p.m.) passed,

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Coswell 1949 Journal 133 Dec. 11 - Hustine Land & cattle Co., 90 ft., 3 mi. SE Hustine, Merced Co., Calif. after breakfast (about 7 a.m. ?) we all piled into the subur- barn & drove N from the corral, then back & E. to end of country road [fields dry beyond this gun club's border] & back, going then south and then north along the eastern border of the Hustine L. & C. Co. lands. At the north we reached the Hustine Merced paved road. Came back to club hdy. & had lunch, then drove off to the SW of the hdq., along a winding road which leads past the best ponds of all. Water seems keeper in some & is bordered by more definite marshes which are apparently permanent. Best of the area is apparently flooded for the duck season only. There are very few trees (small willows) anywhere on these lands. At the extreme southern end of the property I walked out onto a tripled shrubland flat - but saw only white-crowned sparrows. A species list of the birds seen this a.m. & early p.m. on the Hustine L. & C. Co. lands & vicinity follows, in combination with those seen from the car as we toured the N & E parts of the: Los Banos State Game Refuge, 10 mi. further SSE. Left there about 4:15 p.m.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 134 Dec. 11. List of Birds recorded at: (* = see species ait) (A) Mastine Land's Cattle Co. o vicinit 7:00 am 2:30 pm (B) Los Banos State Game Refuge 1. Red-billed Grouse 4 1+ 2. White Pelican 1 3 3. Off-crested Cormorant 1 4. Great Blue Heron 3 5+ 5. American Egret 1 5 {4 of them in Dry fields} 6. Snowy Egret 1 7. Am. Bittern 2 1 * 8. White-faced Glossy Ibis 20+ 9. Whistling Swan 1 + 9 15+ 10. (big) Canada Goose + many dark goose unidentified} 30+ 11. Lesser .. " 50+ 12. Cackling .. " 60+ J 13. White-fronted Goose 1000 est. os. 14. Snow Goose 8000 est. 15. Mallard 100+ 500+ 16. Gadwall 8+ 17. Pintail 10,000 est. 100+ 18. Green-winged Teal 700 est. few 19. Cinnamon Teal 2 (1 yr.) 20. Shoveller 8000 est. few 21. Baldpate 4000 est mos. 22. Canvasback 15, 27 23. Scaup, sp. 2+ 24. Bufflehead 1 ? 25. Ruddy Duck 150+ 26. Merganser, sp. 1 ? (flying w. over Austin) 27. Cooper's Hawk 1 28. Red-tailed Hawk 8+ 5+ * 29. Ferruginous Rough-leg 2 * 30. Golden (?) Eagle 1

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 135 Dec. 11 - Bird list (contd) Hunting Land Cattle Co. Los Banos State Refuge 31. Marsh Hawk 40+ mos. 32. Duck Hawk 1 (flew over, box of 10th) * 33. Pigeon Hawk 1 34. Sparrow Hawk 15+ several 35. Ring-n. Gheasant 2 36. Lora 1 heard * 37. Black Gallinule 30+ 38. Am. Coot 20,000 est. mos. 39. Hillbreeer 50+ mos. 40. Black-bellied Plover 15+ 41. Com. Snipe 20+ several 42. Long-billed Curlew 150 est. " 43. Greater Yellowlegs 15+ " * 44. Lesser " " 3 45. Least Sandpiper 30 est 46. Red-backed Sandpiper 700 est. 47. Dowitcher 3000 est. 48. Western Sandpiper 5+ 49. avocet 2 several 50. Herwing Gull 20+ 51. Calif. Gull 1+ } p? 52. Ring-billed Gull several } several 53. Short-eared Owl 1+ (eve. of 10th) 54. Horned Lark 300+ 55. Tree Swallow 15 mos. 56. yellow billed magpie - 1+ 57. Long-billed Marsh Wren - 5+ heard 2+heard 58. Am. Pipit mos. mos. 59. Loggerhead Shrike 5+ several 60. English Sparrow - mos. (at hdg. Bldgs.) 61. Audubon's warbler - 3

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 136 Dec. 19 Berkeley, Alameda Co. to Bakersfield, Kern Co. via San Jose, Gilroy, Hollister (San Benito Co.), King City, Paso Robles, Shandon (San Luis Obispo Co.) > Lost Hills. Drove this route from 10:30 am. to after dark; obser-vations of animals only that incidental to the drives. The route thru San Benito Co. was new to me: S. of Gilroy are truck gardens & orchards for a few miles, then open grassy hills & sycamore-willow-live oak riparian woodland. At about 8 mi SE Hollister oak woodland begins on the NE facing slopes, but grassland continues on the opposite slopes for another 15 mi. with some patches of coastal sage brush on the steepest slopes with least soil. Beyond the San Benito River crossing (23 mi. from Hollister) blue (?) oak and Digger pine woodland extends on both sides of the road except for farmed areas in the valley. Adenostoma chaparral is visible here & there on higher, steeper slopes. The Pinnacles Nat'l Monument is just west of here, on the rolling country for 5 to 10 mi. SE of San Benito town, the woodland is sparser. Digger pine is replaced by Juniper bushes. Finally, upon crossing the divide into the Salinas R. drainage about 14 mi NE of King City, a broad belt of grassland is entered, with only bits of sagebrush. Roadrunner seen here [see fig. act]

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 137 Dec. 19 Berkeley to Bakersfield, cont'd. From Pass Robles east thru Shandon the route was again new to me, but as it was al. ready waning light I took no detailed note of the vegetation or birds. Mourning Doves & acorn woodpeckers were numerous E. of Pass Robles; large flocks of Red-wings & Brewer's Blackbirds in the ranch country near Shandon, and finally, as we crossed the central valley about 5 mi. E. of Lost Hills a flock of 20-25 ducks (sp.?) flew northward about on a line between Goose, Tulare Lakes. Dec. 20 N.C. of Bakersfield, Kern Co., Calif. - enroute to Kern Memorial Park along the Kern River here the road passes thru barren plateau land then drops into broad gulch of the river. Saw one Prairie Falcon flying along bluff at edge of arroyo. There is still extensive cotton- wood-willow riparian woodland along the river for about 1 1/2 miles before the park is reached, but the park itself is nearly completely picknicked out -- tho a few Ring-necked Ducks & lots of Coots were on the ponds. Horned Larks were common & singing in the scantily vegetated plateau, all covered with white frost before the sun hit it. - Tehachapi Cr. & Tehachapi Pass area, Kern Co., Calif Saw no Condors flying near snow-covered Bear

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 138 Dec.20 Tehachepi Pass, Kern Co., Calif. mtn. (where Koford had told me they roost) as we stopped along U.S. highway 466 to scan it. The town of Tehachepi itself was frozen in, with thin snow on ground. English Sparrows 2 1 Sparrow Hawk noted in town, 2 1 Loggerhead Shrike near monolith, 5 mi. to the east (with still some snow on ground, but bare ground by roadside). 1 ? Marsh Hawk flying over desert side of Tehachepi Pass - nowhere near water. 3 mi. N Palmdale, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Stopped here in Joshua tree area and took 15-20 min. walk to see what we could find. 2 Jack Rabbits started, 3 Ravens were chasing an adult Golden Eagle overhead. Collected some drawings of Yucca brevifolia leaves which appear to be the work of Jack Rabbits [see sp. acc't.] Dec.21- Santa Monica to Long Beach, Rico, & Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Spent most of the day visiting friends. At Long Beach one new item in last 1 1/2 yrs. is a big dump felling in the "bird lagoon" on U.S. highway 101 by tho Alamitos Bay Bridge - where Knots & Rectoral Sandpipers as well as tousands of the commoner sp. used to be. At San Gabriel River Wildlife Sanctuary, 3 mi. N Rico, a pair of Acorn Woodpeckers have taken up quarters in the old walnut orchard at least 1 1/2 mi. from any oak woodland. They are storing walnuts acc't.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 139 Dec.21- Santa monica - Long Beach - Pasadena, L.A., Calif. (cont.) O.M. my to Mrs. Stultz, director of the sanctuary. The usual group of 7-8 am. Egrets and 15-20 Snowy Egrets was gathered in the Allis farm pasture N of Bellisser Road as we passed. The nearby marsh has been thoroughly drained, however. Very few Chinese Spotted Doves were noted enroute today. Dec. 22 Glendora, Los Angeles Co., Calif. This a.m. I contacted J.D. Sinclair, Forester in charge, and Jerome Horton, Botanist, at the Glendora field quarters (U.S. Forestry Service) of the San Dimas Experimental Forest. With suggestions from them 2 maps supplied by Horton we drove up Big Dalton Canyon and along the ridge E of it to look at chaparral areas, which I will undertake bird population studies in the spring. An area at the head of Keril Canyon, burned over in 1947 and nearby sm. of oak-cesotius chaparral burned areas, seemed suitable there. Few birds were active here in early p.m. We then drove on northward along the road past the entrance to Tanbark Flats (field headquarters of the Experimental Forest) and out onto the Glendora Mountain Road, coming back into the Experimental Forest again, on the Monroe Ranch Trail, which is here on the ridge between Little Dalton & Monroe Canyons. Horton has mapped 4 to 6 types of chaparral in

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 140 Dec. 22 Glendora, Los Angeles Co., Calif. (cont'd) Monroe Canyon on a map which is 1/8 mi. to the W. I investigated areas along the 3100 ft. contour level trail on the N.E. facing slope. There are semi. barren ("sagebrush"), adenostoma-Cerco- carpus-Ceanothus crassifolius, and scrub oak - Ceanothus - [illegible] types -- several possible areas here. Birds were more active here in mid p.m., warblers & Calif. thrushers singing; Scrub Jay, Bush Tit, Red-tailed Hawk, & Fox (?) Sparrow noted. In the dirt road or firebreak on the ridge 1/8 mi. from the paved Glendora Mt. road we found a measured several tracks of a Mountain Lion [see sp.acct]. Several Brush Rabbits were seen in the less dense chaparral or "sagebrush" areas. Dec. 23 This q.m. I investigated some chanise- sagebrush - sage areas on the lower slopes of the mountains due N of Glendora. These are comparable to a medium height - medium density chaparral, though really in an [illegible] ecotone zone between true sagebrush & true chapar- ral. I reached the trail (Engelwith Canyon) from the Snidow Ranch, but found later it would be more convenient from end of the road just to the east in the mouth of the canyon - This seems to be the most accessible extensive area of ungrazed sagebrush nearby.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 14/1 Dec.23 Glendora, Los Angeles Co., Calif. There are quite a few Black walnuts (now nearly leafless) in the small canyons here —something I didn't know occurred in the San Gabriels. A ♀ Mule Deer and ½ grown fawn started up the slope across a small canyon from me, whereupon a ♀ Dalmatian dog which had voluntarily accompanied me up the trail from Suidow's took out after them — down thru the brush & up the other side. The deer quickly went under the tallest bushes available & I thought they were hiding, but when the dog got there it did not find them, so I think they must have slipped quietly thru the bushes up to the trail above & then ran away. Dec.24— [spent at Santa Monica & Highland Park with my wife's family]. Dec.25. Playa del Rey, Venice, Ocean Park, L.A.C., Calif. morn. Made the usual rounds of Ballona Creek mouth & old channel to Ohio Oil Co. & boating lagoon at entrance to Recreation Sun Club, but did not go in latter because of hunting season. Complete list of birds seen is entered in my personal roll book; high- lights were: 22 Surf. Birds, 25 Herring Gulls 3 Ruddy Turnstones & many Blacks on the jetties; 1♂ Redhead, 2♂ Greater Scaups with 200+ Lesser on the tidal creek.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 142 Dec. 26 Santa Monica Mts. above Hollywood & Beverly Hills L.A. Co., Calif. From 6:35 a.m. until 5:15 pm I was afield participating in the Los Angeles Christmas Bird Count. Areas covered were Wonderview Canyon (side canyon E from Cahuenga Pass), Lake Hollywood vicinity, Cahuenga Creek (by trail to summit of "west" peak), Mulholland Drive from Beverly Glen Blvd. to Head of Stone Canyon, upper Fredell Canyon (N slope of Mts). Birds in general were exceedingly scarce compared to previous years in many of those same localities. Only 5 robins were seen all day, for instance, despite abundant toyon berries; and the total count of Audubon warblers was only 43 (normally in hundreds). Areas covered included sage brush (for Rufous-crowned Sparrows - 3 seen), chaparral of 2+ types, the Sycamore-oak- sycamore canyon woodland. Total list of Birds re- corded are entered in my roll book. Deer tracks were plentiful, & 1 doe was jumped on the N slope near Stone Canyon. 1 covey of Quail, about 12 were seen. 4 Turkey Vultures flew westward along the L.A. River about 2 p.m., when temp. was up to about 70°. 3 Red-tails, including a very black melano, soared about Cahuenga. 1 Red-breasted Sapsucker found working on 1 of 2 lone oaks in small draw above L. Hollywood.

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Cogswell 1949 Journal 143 Dec. 27- Santa Monica to Santa Barbara & San Luis Obispo [only casual observation enroute]. 1 pair of Aneg-necked Ducks on small side pond at Andree Clark Refuge, Santa Barbara, - 8-10 there in winter of 1947-48. Talked with Mr. C.G. Rett at the Santa Barbara Museum re bird-finding areas around Santa Barbara - for Gettingill's new book. Dec. 28- San Luis Obispo - Morro Bay - Atascaderos Took a Christmas Bird count here today, including most of last year's circle & new areas over the Santa Lucia Range to take in Atascadero Lake, which held some good waterfowl. List I'll well no doubt be published in

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Species Index to Journal, 1949. (pp. 1-144. pp. 45-49 omitted pp. 128-143). (pp. 137-143 are "southern California"; others are from various parts of central California) BIRDS: (in AOU checklist order) Common Loon -- 12 Arctic Loon -- 13, 128 Red-throated Loon -- 13 Loon, sp.? -- 128 Eared Grebe -- 2, 128 Western Grebe -- 12, 17, 128 Pied-billed Grebe -- 11, 17, 24, 130, 134 Sooty Shearwater -- 43, 128 Black-vented Shearwater -- 43 Fulmar -- 13, 128 White Pelican -- 24, 134 Brown Pelican -- 13, 128 Double-crested Cormorant -- 11, 24, 128, 130, 134 Brandt's Cormorant -- 12, 13, 128 Pelagic Cormorant -- 13, 128 Great Blue Heron -- 11, 17, 20, 24, 130, 134, 143 American Egret -- 11, 24, 130, 134, 139 Snowy Egret -- 130, 134, 139 Black-crowned Night Heron -- 11, 24, 43, 130 American Bittern -- 11, 24, 130, 134 White-faced Glossy Ibis -- 134 Whistling Swan -- ♀ 6, 8, 11, 134 Canada Goose (incl. moffitti) -- 6, 7, 8, 11, 24, 130, 134. Lesser Canada Goose -- 7, 8, 11, 24, 130, 134 Cackling Canada Goose -- 11, 22, 24, 130, 134 White-fronted Goose -- 6, 11, 24, 130, 134 Snow Goose -- 7, 11, 22, 24, 130, 134 Ross Goose -- 130 Mallard -- 6, 7, 8, 11, 21, 24, 130, 134 Gadwall -- 11, 24, 130, 134 Baldpate -- 11, 21, 24, 130, 134 Pintail -- 6, 7, 8, 11, 130, 134 Green-winged Teal -- 7, 11, 24, 130, 134 Cinnamon Teal -- 11, 24, 130, 134 Shoveller, -- 2, 11, 24, 130, 134 Redhead -- 141 Ring-necked Duck -- 137, 143 Canvas-back -- ♀ 7, 17, 134 Scaup, sp.? -- 2, 12, 130, 134 Greater Scaup Duck -- 141 Lesser Scaup Duck -- 7, 141 Am. Golden-eye -- 2 Buffle-head -- 11, 131, 134 Old-squaw -- 143 White-winged Scoter -- 13 Surf Scoter -- 128

{ "text": "\"pallidus\" -- J3, J20\n[illegible] -- J19, J20\nGreese Goose Duck -- A, J19, J20\nCanvas-back -- A, J19, J20\nRing-necked Duck -- J19, J20\nShoveller -- S, J19, J30, J16\nGreen-winged Teal -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nPintail -- A, J19, J20, J30, J16\nDabbling Duck -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nMallard -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nGoose Goose -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSnow Goose -- J, J19, J20, J30, J16\nWhite-fronted Goose -- A, J19, J20, J30, J16\nSiberian (Canada) Goose -- J19, J20, J30, J16\n[illegible] -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nBlack-bellied Plover -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nWilson's Snipe -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nGreater Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nLesser Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nKilldeer -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSpotted Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSolitary Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSemipalmated Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRuddy Turnstone -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRed Phalarope -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nPectoral Sandpiper -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLong-billed Dowitcher -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nHudsonian Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nMarbled Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nWhimbrel -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLesser Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nGreater Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSpotted Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSolitary Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSemipalmated Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRuddy Turnstone -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRed Phalarope -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nPectoral Sandpiper -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLong-billed Dowitcher -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nHudsonian Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nMarbled Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nWhimbrel -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLesser Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nGreater Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSpotted Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSolitary Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSemipalmated Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRuddy Turnstone -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRed Phalarope -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nPectoral Sandpiper -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLong-billed Dowitcher -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nHudsonian Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nMarbled Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nWhimbrel -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLesser Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nGreater Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSpotted Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSolitary Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSemipalmated Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRuddy Turnstone -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRed Phalarope -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nPectoral Sandpiper -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLong-billed Dowitcher -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nHudsonian Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nMarbled Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nWhimbrel -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLesser Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nGreater Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSpotted Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSolitary Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSemipalmated Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRuddy Turnstone -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRed Phalarope -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nPectoral Sandpiper -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLong-billed Dowitcher -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nHudsonian Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nMarbled Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nWhimbrel -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLesser Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nGreater Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSpotted Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSolitary Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSemipalmated Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRuddy Turnstone -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRed Phalarope -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nPectoral Sandpiper -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLong-billed Dowitcher -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nHudsonian Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nMarbled Godwit -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nWhimbrel -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLesser Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nGreater Yellowlegs -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSpotted Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSolitary Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nSemipalmated Sandpiper -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRuddy Turnstone -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nRed Phalarope -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nPectoral Sandpiper -- S, J19, J20, J30, J16\nLong-billed Dowitcher -- J19, J20, J30, J16\nHudsonian God [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

Species index to Journal, 1949 --(cont'd) Ruddy Duck -- 11, 12, 24, 131, 134 American Merganser -- 11 Red-breasted Merganser -- 12, 128 Turkey Vulture -- 3, 9, 11, 13, 20, 21, 24, 34, 36, 142 California Condor -- 137 White-tailed Kite -- 24, 43 Sharp-shinned Hawk -- 11, 131 Cooper's Hawk -- 24, 134 Red-tailed Hawk -- 3, 9, 11, 13, 17, 20, 24, 34, 36, 131, 132, 134, 140, 142. Red-bellied Hawk -- 9 Swainson's Hawk -- 25, 42 Ferruginous Rough-leg -- 134 Golden Eagle -- 5, 16, 20, 34, 132, 134, 138 Marsh Hawk -- 11, 14, 24, 131, 135, 138 Prairie Falcon -- 137 Duck Hawk -- 131, 132, 135 Pigeon Hawk -- 14, 135 Sparrow Hawk -- 11, 14, 20, 24, 34, 35, 131, 135, 138 California Quail -- 14, 17, 20, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 131, 142 Mountain Quail -- 29, 38, 39 Ring-necked Pheasant -- 11, 22, 23, 24, 25, 131, 135 Lesser Sandhill Crane -- 131 Greater Sandhill Crane -- 131 Clapper Rail -- 2 Virginia Rail -- 131 Sora -- 135 (Fla.) Black Gallinule -- 17, 24, 131, 135 Am Coot -- 11, 17, 24, 131, 135, 137 Killdeer -- 3, 4, 11, 14, 22, 24, 34, 131, 135 Black-bellied Plover -- 12, 135 Surf-bird -- 141 Ruddy Turnstone -- 141 Black Turnstone -- 141 Wilson's Snipe -- 3, 24, 131, 135 Long-billed Curlew -- 135 Greater Yellow-legs -- 11, 24, 131, 135 Lesser Yellow-legs -- 135 Least Sandpiper -- 135 Red-backed Sandpiper -- 2, 6, 135 Dowitcher, sp. -- 6, 11, 24, 131, 135 Western Sandpiper -- 135 Avocet -- 11, 24, 135 Black-necked Stilt -- 24 Red Phalarope -- 27, 128 Glaucous-winged Gull -- 4, 12, 26, 128 Western Gull -- 12, 26, 43, 128 Herring Gull -- 11, 128, 131, 135, 141 California Gull -- 11, 12, 17, 43, 128, 135 Ring-billed Gull -- 11, 12, 24, 43, 128, 135 Short-billed Gull -- 12, 128

Species index to Journal, 1949 (cont'd) Bonaparte's Gull -- 128 Heermann's Gull -- 128 Forster's Tern -- 43 Com. Murre -- 14, 128 Pigeon Guillemot -- 128 Murrelet, sp.? -- 128 Cassin's Auklet -- 128 Rhinoceros Auklet -- 128 Band-tailed Pigeon -- 9, 11, 16, Mourning Dove -- 16, 20, 24, 31, 34, 36, 39, 131, 137 Chinese Spotted Dove -- 139 Road-runner -- ? 36, 136 Horned Owl -- 28, 31, 35, 143 Pygmy Owl -- 39 Burrowing Owl,-- 2, 11, 24 Short-eared Owl -- 132, 135 Poor-will -- 31 Booming Nighthawk -- 16 Black-chinned Hummingbird -- 34 Anna Hummingbird -- 4, 28 Allen Hummingbird -- 27 Calliope Hummingbird -- 31 Belted Kingfisher -- 11 Red-shafted Flicker -- 4, 9, 11, 14, 17, 20, 24, 30, 31, ? 34, 38, 39, 131 Pileated Woodpecker -- 20 (Calif.) Acorn Woodpecker -- 17, 20, 30, 36, 39, 137, 138 Lewis Woodpecker -- 5 Red-breasted Sapsucker -- 16, 142 Hairy Woodpecker -- 14, 28, 30, 39 Downy Woodpecker -- 4, 11, 31 Nuttall Woodpecker -- 17, 34, 36 White-headed Woodpecker -- 31 Western Kingbird -- 35, 36, 42 Ash-throated Flycatcher -- 34, 36 Black Phoebe -- 11, 14, 16, 17, 24, 30, 31, 32, 34 Say Phoebe -- 14 Hammond Flycatcher -- 41 Western Flycatcher -- 27 W. Wood Pewee -- 33, 39, 41 Olive-sided Flycatcher -- 39, 41 Horned Lark -- 9, 24, 42, 135, 137 Violet-green Swallow -- 24, 31, 34, 36 Tree Swallow -- 20, 24, 131, 135 Barn Swallow -- 24, 34 Cliff Swallow -- 24, 26, 34, 42 Steller Jay -- 30, 31, 34, 39, 41 (California) Scrub Jay -- 3, 17, 20, 30, 33, 34, 36, 39, 140 Yellow-billed Magpie -- 9, 16, 34, 131, 132, 135 Am. Raven -- 3, 14, 16, 138 Am. Crow -- 9, 11, 17, 24, 34 Mountain Chickadee -- 31 Chestnut-backed Chickadee -- 4, 43

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Species index to Journal, 1949 (cont'd) Plain Titmouse -- 9, 17, 20, 27, 31, 32 Bush-tit -- 4, 30, 31, 140 White-breasted Nuthatch -- 17, 20, 30, 36 Red-breasted Nuthatch -- 41 Pygmy Nuthatch -- 14 Greeper -- 31, 40, 41 Wren-tit -- 26, 27, 28, 140 Dipper -- 30 House Wren -- 4, 34, 131 Bewick Wren -- 9, 20, 21, 26, 27, 28, 30, 34 Long-b. Marsh Wren -- 34, 131, 135 Canyon Wren -- 143 Mockingbird -- 5, 11, 24, 131 California Thrasher -- 16, 20, 28, 31, 140 Robin -- 3, 4, 9, 11, 14, 17, 20, 29, 30, 31, 38, 40, 142 Varied Thrush -- 14, 20, 30 Hermit Thrush -- 4, 9, 14, 31 Western Bluebird -- 3, 9, 14, 16, 20, 31, 34 Mountain Bluebird -- 132 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher -- 28, 34 Ruby-crowned Kinglet -- 20, 27, 31, 131 Aml Pipit -- 9, 11, 14, 24, 131, 135 Cedar Waxwing -- 33 Phainopepla -- 34, 36 Starling -- 9, 12, 14 Loggerhead Shrike -- 11, 14, 24, 36, 42, 131, 135, 138 Hutton Vireo -- 21, 27, 31 Solitary Vireo -- 34, 39, 40 Warbling Vireo -- 27, 30, 31, 40 Orange-crowned Warbler -- 4, 26, 27, 34, 131 Nashville Warbler -- 38, 40 Yellow Warbler -- 33, 41 Myrtle Warbler -- 4 Audubon Warbler -- 4, 14, 31, 34, 41, 135, 142 Black-throated Gray Warbler -- 31, 34 Hermit Warbler -- 40, 41 MacGillivray Warbler -- 34, 41 Yellow-throat -- 24, 131 Pileolated Warbler -- 27, 35, 40 English Sparrow -- 20, 35, 42, 135, 138 Western Meadowlark -- 3, 9, 11, 14, 17, 20, 24, 35, 42, 131 Yellow-headed Blackbird -- 24 Red-wing (Com.) -- 9, 11, 14, 17, 20, 24, 35, 42, 131, 137 Tri-colored Red-wing -- 11, 14 Bullock Oriole -- 31, 35, 36 Brewer Blackbird -- 9, 11, 17, 20, 30, 31, 35, 36, 131, 137 Cowbird -- 14, 24, 31, 33, 35, 36, 39, 40 Western Tanager -- 35, 39, 40 Black-headed Grosbeak -- 33, 35, 38, 40 Lazuli Bunting -- 35 Evening Grosbeak -- 41 Purple Finch -- 4, 27, 30, 31, 40

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Species index to Journal, 1949 (cont'd) House Finch -- 4, 11, 14, 21, 24, 31, 33, 35, 36, 42 Pine Siskin -- 4, 21, 31, 35 Am. Goldfinch -- 9, 24, 131 Green-backed Goldfinch -- 9, 21, 31, 33, 35, 36 Spotted Towhee -- 4, 9, 11, 21, 28, 29, 31, 35, 38, 40 Brown Towhee -- 4, 9, 21, 28, 29, 31, 35, 37 Savannah Sparrow -- 9, 11, 14, 24, 131 Lark Sparrow -- 31, 35, 36, 37 Rufous-crowned Sparrow -- 142 Oregon Junco -- 9, 11, 21, 24, 28, 31, 35, 38, 40, 41 Chipping Sparrow -- 35, 39, 40 White-crowned Sparrow (gambeli)-- 3, 4, 9, 11, 14 " " " (other ssp.) -- 17, 21, 24, 26, 35, 131, 133 Golden-crowned Sparrow -- 4, 9, 11, 21, 24, 35, 131 Fox Sparrow -- 4, 41, 140 Lincoln Sparrow -- 24 Song Sparrow -- 4, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 24, 27, 131 MAMMALS (alphabetical) Citellus beeche yi -- 33, 37 " lateralis -- 41 Felis concolor -- 140 Lepus californicus -- 11, 21, 22, 23, 35, 138 Microtus sp. -- 26 Neotoma sp. -- 21 Odocoileus hemionus -- 15, 21, 28, 31, 141, 142, 143 Ondatra zibethica -- 22 Peromyscus maniculatus -- 40 Phoca richardi -- 12, 143 Scapanus latimanus -- 21 Sciurus griseus -- 41 Sylvilagus audubonii -- 37, 143 " bachmani - 140 Tamiasciurus douglasii -- 41 Thomomys sp. -- 21, 37 Urocyon cinereoargenteus -- 22 Sea?-lion, sp.? -- 143 HERPS Clemmys marmorata -- 33 Crotalus sp. -- 37 Eumecea, sp. -- 39 Thamnophis, sp. -- 33

Tlamnophis, s... -- 33 Tamcees, sp. -- 39 CrobJas, sp. -- 37 Clammy's mamosts -- 33 HERPS Geax-Iion, sp.? -- 163 Uroccon cinereogenaens -- SS Thommys sp. -- S1, 37 Tamsactura dougallii -- HI " -- 140 Psivylara auyafvya -- 37, 143 cinus gryaeus -- H1 Scapnus fatimamus -- SI Phoca richardsoni -- IS, 113 Percyaceus mantofatus -- HO Oabata nibebrica -- SS Odaciflava hemontina -- S2, S1, S8, 31, III, 143, 147 Neoloma sp. -- SI Microla sp. -- SS Jepus califorms -- II, S2, S3, S5, 138 Xifra conctor -- 140 " -- af[exrtaf] Oifeffu doeesey -- 33, 37 (MANATAS) (aliphabetic) Song Sparrow -- H?, II, S2, SI, III, S5, S8, 143, 147 Lincoln Sparrow -- SI Fox Sparrow -- II, IIO Golden-crowned Sparrow -- II, S1, SI, S8, 37, 147 White-crowned Sparrow (Zampelia) -- 3, H?, II, II " " " " (Wife-crowned Sparrow (Campbell)) -- I?, SJ, SI, S8, S2, S5 " " Oregon Juncus -- S?, SI, S2, S8, 31, S8, 37, II, 140 Chipping Sparrow -- S2, S9, HO White-crowned Sparrow -- IHS Lake Sparrow -- 31, S2, S8, 37 Savannah Sparrow -- H?, II, SI, S2, S8, 37, 147 Henslow's Sparrow -- IHS " " Spotted Towhee -- H?, II, S1, S2, S8, S9, 31, S2, 39, HO Green-backed Goldfinch -- H?, SI, S1, S2, S3, S5, 36 Am. Goldfinch -- H?, SI, S2, S3 Pine Siskin -- H?, SJ, S1, S2 House Finch -- II, SJ, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S8, S9 Species index to Journal of Wildlife (cont'd)

JOURNAL - 1950 JOURNAL 1950 pp. 1-16 + {index to vertebrate species referred to therein Jan. 1 ~ Apr. 13 (except Feb. 12 - Mar. 31)} (no notebook kept in fall, 1950) (see southern California notebook) for periods of: Feb. 12 - Mar. 31 Apr. 6 - 13 Apr. 17 - June 14) (see Donner Pass - Lake Tahoe - western Nevada region notebook for period of: June 17 - Aug. 26)

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 1 Jan. 22 Berkeley to Benicia, Suisun, Isleton, White's Slough (10 mi W, 1-3 mi. E Sodi), a return via Stockton and State Route 4. Started off at 10:15 a.m. on a casual tour of the delta region to see what waterfowl were there (cf. trip of Feb. 5, 1949). Fields are much more advanced this yr, most of them already plowed; a few coming up green with grain. No waterfowl seen on fields in Suisun area -- only in or over marshes. Few ducks in air, 1 flock of 4000+ Snow Geese near Cordelia, a few small flocks of dark geese (sp.?) NW of Bird's Landing. About Sacramento River at Isleton was running turbulent and muddy, but still well below flood stage. Only birds on it were gulls and a few coots. Along State Route 12 at a few miles E of Terminus we found about 600 whistling Swans (see sp. acit.), and upon driving south on Garden Road toward White's Slough -- a few more swans, some Canada Geese (large & medium) and a flock of 800 or more Sandhill Cranes (see sp.acit.). There were still relatively few ducks, but thousands of coots, >5+ Sallmills were seen at 1 cat-tail bordered pond.

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 2 Jan. 27. Berkeley, Alameda Co., to Santa Monica, L.A. Co. Calif. - driving via San Jose & US Route 101, with no stops except for lunch & an afternoon snack. Total time enroute: 10 hrs. 20 min. We ate our lunch at Atascadero Lake 1 mi. S of Atascadero, S.L.O. Co., a small, muddy bordered artificial lake, with weedy fields & patches of dry cat-tails bordering it, & valley oak - live oak - Digges Pine woodland on the hillslopes. Birds seen during the 1/2 hr. we spent there were: Red-billed Grebe - 1 Great Blue Heron - 1 Baldpate - 4 Green-winged Teal - 19 Canvasback - 18,19 Bufflehead - 14 Ruddy Duck - 200+ Am. Merganser - 109 Coot - 500+ Killdeer - 2 Least Sandpiper - 4 * Mourning Dove - 200 * Belted Kingfisher - 1 Red-shafted Flicker - 6 Acorn Woodpecker - 5+ Scrub Jay - 1 Blue Tit Mouse - 3+ White-or. Nutthatch 1 heard Western Bluebird 5 Audubon's Warbler several West. Meadowlark - 10+ singing Purple Finch (in Rhamnus calif. bush) 18,19 House Finch - 1+ Brown Towhee - 2 White-crowned Sparrow - 150+ Golden " " 1+ Song Sparrow " 2 (*) = see species account An adult Golden Eagle was flying low over grassy hills along the highway 1 mi. N of the Santa Maria River. Several Turkey Vultures noted at various places, 150-200 White-throated Swifts from rocky portion of Savieta Pass, Santa Barbara Co. to the ocean shore (cliffs) nearby & several miles to the east, 1 Yellow-B. Maggie on S. side of Santa Ynez Valley S. of Buellton.

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 3 Jan. 30. Pomona, L.A. Co., to Berkeley, Alameda Co. Calif. after spending all [?]/day, & this a.m. house hunting in Pomona (a Sunday resting up), we drove home this p.m. via the "Ridge Route" (US 99), watching for Condors carefully where Carl Koford told me they fly across - I.E., between Gorman and Tebec (see species acct of Condor?). Other birds noted in Tejon Pass area were 4 Ravens, 1 Red-tailed Hawk, and one unidentified hawk or eagle. There was still snow in patches on the Nard E slopes above 3800 ft. and the temperature was C-O-L-D. Feb. 5 West Sacramento along east side of Yolo Basin, Yolo Co. Met Dr. R. L. Taylor, Arnold Small, Ralph Mall, Bob Dyle, and "Sig" M. S. Dunlap - all up from the L.A. area - in Sacramento for break- fast; and then amid intermittent heavy showers we surveyed roadsides for birds here. We attempted to reach Washington Lake, but the road was too muddy. However there were several flocks of geese down in the flat fields now green with new herb growth & with water standing in all low spots. The geese (were several thousand) were almost entirely Lesser Canadas," with smaller flocks of white-fronted on their margins. Many more dark geese were seen in flight in the distance. South along the road leading toward Courtland [?] th whole basin was flooded with muddy water as far as one could see to the W of the levee

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Cogswell 1950 4 Journal Feb 5 C side Yolo Basin, Yolo Co., Calif. (contd) - the first time I had ever seen it so. There were many ducks but widely dispersed here and there across the extensive lake so formed. Mallards were common, Pintail & baldpats less so, and a few Geese & Canvasbacks were seen; also 17 Golden eye (with bright yellow-tipped bill) on the turbulent water of the channel along the leese. 15 Whistling Swans were noted. Of major ecological import was the con- spicuous concentration of Jack Rabbits and Ring-necked Pheasants on the few remaining dry spots. July 25 jacks and over 15 cock pheasants were on one island not over 300 ft. long, a marsh Hawk was having good hunting there also with frequent rops to the ground - but neither of the species mentioned were bothered by it. Presumably there was a concentration of more also. 3 Cooper's Hawks were seen of a few Red Tails in the thin stands of leafless willows along the channel or flying out over the water itself. Several Crows and many gulls were also apparently participating in the harvest. Land-birds noted along here were: Red-shafted Slicker, Black Phoebe, Meadowlark, Red-wing Brewer's Blackbird, House Finch, Dim Goldfinch (many), Savannah, White-crowned, & Song Sparrows.

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Coggswell 1950 Journal 5 Feb. 5 Staten Id., near Walnut Grove to Terminus, San Joaquin, Calf. - After driving along the relatively birdless Sacramento River and crossing it at Walnut Grov, then also across the N. Fork of the Mokelumne, we again found waterfowl in nos. In the very same field where we had seen a huge flock of ducks & a few geese on Feb. 5, 1949, there were today fully 3000 white-fronted Geese, plus about 5 big Canadas & a no. of Lessers. As I remember it last year the crop was asparagus - plowed under. This year the south end was corn - still standing ; & the northern plowed - but apparently had been corn. About 1/2 way along the length of the island we saw about 20 Sandhill Cranes far off across green fields to the east. Other species seen on Staten Id. included : Great Blue Heron (several), Am Egret (several) ; White-tailed Kite (2); Cooper's Hawk, 1; Red tail - 2 ; Marsh Hawk, several ; Sparrow Hawk, several ; Calif Quail (heard) ; Ring-necked Pheasant, Black Gallinule - 5+ ; Coot, many ; Wilddeer ; Ferruginous Gull - 2+ ; Calif. & Ring-billed Gulls ; Mourning Dove - 30+ (nearly all on edge of same field as the geese); Burrowing Owl, 2 ; Red-shafted Flicker, Black Phoebe ; Scrub Jay ; Crow ; Meadowlark ; Red-wing ; Brewer's Blackbird ; House Finch ; Am Goldfinch ; Lawrence White-crowned & Song Sparrows. More geese (white-fronts & Lesser Canadas) at south end of island.

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 6 Feb.5 Terminus, to 2 mi. E., then S to "whites slough" W. along levee along it + return N to Terminus. This route encompassed the same area as I covered with my family 2 weeks ago. No Swans in the abandoned barnyard where noted them; but about 200 were in fields to the SE, and the cranes were there also — at least 150+ of them. Had even a closer view this time than on Jan. 22. Several groups flew almost over us. Other species noted much the same as 2 weeks ago. no further field notes until Feb. 12-13 when we moved to southern Calif. (notes from there filed separately) ( + paginated separately )

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 7 Apr. 1-3 Pacific Grove, Monterey Co., Calif. - Spent these 3 days at Regional Conference of the National Audubon Society, leading large groups of people on field trips to Point Lobos State Park on the 2nd, and to Elkhorn Slough in the am on the 3rd. No detailed notes could be taken under these circumstances; but the bird species encountered are entered in my personal roll book record. Outstanding ones were 8 Black Oyster-catchers, 1 Creeper, several Pelicans (Digon, Suitability), and numbers of Western Gulls and a handful of Pelagic Cormorants at Pt. Lobos. None seems to be nesting as yet there, except possibly the crevice-inhabiters. Apr. 3 At Elkhorn Slough we covered only the N arm from the mouth to above the causeway & S end near of old mouth. On the beach at this latter site close to base of the dunes & well above but did not catalog any recent high tides, I obtained parts of the skeleton of a porpoise (Lagenorhynchus obliquidus) (most of skull, a few vertebrae, 1 humerus). This animal I knew had been there since last July (see 1949 Journal p. 47), at which time I was not equipped to bring it in. Now it was in remnants & partly covered with sand. Birds worthy of special mention at Elkhorn were: Oldsquaw, 12; Lesser Scamp, 40+, 34; Western Grebe, 15+; Black Brant; 14 (see sp. unit); Long-billed Curlew - 4+; Hudsonian Curlew - 1; Red-bibbed Sandpiper - 2+ (only). Apr. 4 Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. - At M.V.Z. this a.m. Dr. Benson says the porpoise is probably a Delphinus gillii (see above). I gave it to him for accession & presumably he will give it his no.

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 8 Apr. 4 - 90 ft., 3 mi. SE Justice, Merced Co., Calif. - Detoured this p.m. here from town of Justice to look over the lands of Justice Land & Cattle Co. which the ornithology class visited on Dec. 10-11, 1949. All we could do this time was look from the public road running East past the gun club headquarters; but for compar- son with the list recorded in December, the following were seen here today: White Pelican - 4 Off. Crested Cormorant - 5fd., 1fm. Great Blue Heron - 1 Common Egret - 10+ Snowy Egret - 1 White Faced Glossy Ibis - 40+ Mallard - 300 est. Hooded - 2+fm Gull - very few Green-winged Teal - 150 est. Cinnamon Teal - 200 est. Shoveller - 10 Baldpate - 300 est. Ruddy Duck - 2? Red-tailed Hawk - 2 Swainson's Hawk - 1 (dark) Golden Eagle - 2 Marsh Hawk (near Tracy) - 2 Sparrow Hawk - 2 Black Vulture - 1 heard Am. Coot - 1500 est. Killdeer - 15 Black-bellied Plover - 30 Wilson's Snipe - 1 Hudsonian Godwin - 50 Willet - 1+ Greater Yellow-legs - 5+ (Long billed?) Dowitcher - 300 Am. Avocet - 30+ Black-necked Stilt - 6 Ring-billed Gull - 4 mourning Dove - several Red-shafted Flicker - " Western Kingbird - " Black Phoebe - " Barn Swallow - many Yellow-bellied Magpie - 15+ (in pasture bordered by poplars) (singing) Long-b. Marsh Wren - 10 Loggerhead Shrike - several W. Meadowlark - " Corn. Red-wing - many Bullock's Oriole - 2 heard singing. House Finch - several Am. Goldfinch " Apr. 4 along State Hwy 33 5 - Approx. 20 mi. N Coalinga, Fresno Co., Calif. - Drove after dark from Los Baños to here. This area is a very flat gentle slope with almost no vegetation.

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 9 Apr. 5 (cont.) There was a sprinkle of rain about 3:30 - 4:00 am., causing us to fold up the tail Gate of the car, in which we were sleeping. One Burrowing owl was heard calling before the rain started, & also a Coyote. The only vertebrates seen after dawn were a few Ravens & Jack Rabbits. The mountain flowers noted a few mi. N of here on Dec. 20, 1948 (g.v.) could not be located today; they apparently are regular here only in late fall, winter. Apr. 5 Coalinga, Avenal, Lost Hills, Fresno, Tulare, & Kern Cos., Calif. - noted English Sparrows in each of these small towns in arid W. side of San Joaquin valley as we drove thru them. In the low hill country just N of Coalinga 5 Swainson's Hawks were seen. (see also g. acct. by anthus) Along Highway 33 about .8 mi. NNW Blackwall's Corners (= the Lost Hills junction) I picked up a Horned Lark D.O.R. (my#135). & noted numbers of others in the sparse low shrubland there. About 1.4 mi. S of Lost Hills we stopped to observe & photograph (828 kodachrome) a Rattlesnake which was crossing the road. While there a Leconte's Thrasher flew in low over the very sparse shrubland; the shrubs average 2 ft. high, & there is about 50% low herb cover in the inter- stices. A small yellow composite was in bloom. This type of vegetation extends far off to SE, but barren dirt flats were encountered several mi. S of this.

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 10 Apr. 5 (cont.) The LeConte's Thrasher alighted on a low bush top, whence I shot it. (my cat. # 136), 6 ½ mi. S., 5 mi. E of San Isidro. Apr 5 - From this locality, we drove via a winding levee road between Buena Vista Slough (inaccessible from levee if existent at all any more) and the low Buttonwillow Ridge to E. This diked-off basin is now completely cultivated, the narrow levee road affording good opportunity to note field birds in it. The road leads into a paved road 3 mi. W & 1 mi. N of Buttonwillow. From the latter town we angled S. & W. alternately, finally reaching Triyman (State Zoological Park - Elk Preserve) which, however, we did not cover other than by driving across the slough on the entrance bridge. We then continued on S past the E side of Buena Vista Lake (dry) & thru old Kern Lake Bed (now cultivated fields). Only casual observations made here & there as follows: Great Blue Heron - 3 along Buena Vista Slough near Triyman Am. Egret - 5+ ", " Snowy Egret - 1 " " Turkey Vulture - 2 Red-tailed Hawk - 5+ Swainson's Hawk - 10+ scattered thru Last Hills-Triyman & Buena Vista L. areas. Marsh Hawk - 5+ Sparrow Hawk - many Killdeer - " Mourning Dove - Roadrunner - 3 seen in desert-like shrub areas near Buena Vista Slough (Triyman) Western Kingbird - common, especially near the slough. Barn Swallow - small groups- locally near bridges. Raven - est. 70 between Coalinga & Bu. Vista Lake.

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 11 Apr. 5 (cont.) Loggerhead Shrike - several seen Western Meadowlark - many ", Com. Red-wing - ", Tri-colored Red-wing - several .. (E. of Buena Vista) Cowbird - ", ", House Finch - many ", ", Savannah Sparrow - ", ", White-crowned Sparrow - ", ", Song Sparrow - ", ", Dwarf Elk - several seen in fenced area just N of Trugman. (cf. Op account for Dec. 21, 1948) see So. Calif. Journal for period of Apr. 6-13.

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 12 Apr. 14 - "En route" from Pomona, L.A., via Ventura, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, & Salinas to next locale. While travelling (driving alone) to Annual Cooper Club meeting at Asilomar, only a few observations were made on this beautiful sunny day: Turkey Vulture - many Cooper's Hawk - 1 seen - 3 1/2 mi. S Salado Monterey Red-tailed Hawk - several - Salinas Valley Red-shouldered Hawk - 1 seen just N of Santa Margareta, San Luis Obispo Co. Sparrow Hawk - many Mourning Dove - " Horned Owl - 1 DOR - Salinas Valley Yellow-billed Magpie - noted from near Buellton northward. Mockingbird - not noted N of San Luis Obispo. As well as the normal roadside sp. of Passeriformes (see also Aechmophorus, Streptopelia, & Icterus cucullatus in notes) Apr. 14 SW side Salinas River bottom, 40 ft., 4 mi. S by W Salinas, Monterey Co., Calif. - From about 11:35 to 12:15 I walked thru the riparian woodland along an old tractor road. The trees have a closed canopy over much of the first-level flood plain, but with a few openings. Shrub-filled & many shrubs along the cleared road. Dominant trees are Populus trichocarpa, Acer negundo californicum, & Salix sp., with some Alnus sp. Birds recorded were: Calif. Quail - several Mourning Dove - " Downy Woodpecker - 1 heard Western Flycatcher - 2 singing Hutton's Vireo - 1 singing Warbling Vireo - 2+ " Nashville Warbler - 1 " Yellow Warbler - 1 singing Audubon's " - 1 heard Bullock's Oriole - 1 heard Am. Goldfinch - 2+ Spotted Towhee - 1 singing Crown Towhee - several Song Sparrow - many No Hylociclla rustula (Desot of Stop).

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Coggswell 1950 Journal 13 Apr.15 Pacific Grove, Monterey Co., Calif. - In early a.m. & again in late p.m. I went along the coast between Asilomar Conference Grounds & Pt. Pinos. Observations of birds there, combined with those of occasional intervals during the day in the pine woodland of the grounds themselves, are represented in the following list: Loon sp? - several Brown Pelican - " Brandt's Cormorant - abundant Belted " - several Am. Egret - 1 flying North ward over ocean Black-c. Night Heron - 2 Surf Scoter - many flying Red-breasted Merganser - 14, 2990 Turkey Vulture - 1+ Calif. Quail - 1 pr. near Lighthouse. Killdeer - several Black Turnstone - 60+ Hudsonian Curlew - 2 Least Sandpiper - 1000+ est. (in flocks of 50-200, all flying N along coast; no others so identified, altho some may have been included) Short-b. Dowitcher - 1 at (fresh water seep at base of sea bluff on sandy beach) Glaucous-winged Gull - several imm's. Western Gull - many Calif. Gull - several Casbian Tern - 1 Cm. Murre - 2 Selasphorus sp? - several Belted Kingfisher - 2 Acorn Woodpecker - several Hairy Woodpecker - 1 heard Violet-green Swallow - 10+, 1 pr. perched by nest-hole Scrub Jay - several Am. Crow - " Bush Tit - heard Pygmy Nuthatch - several Bewick's Wren - 1 singing Western Bluebird - 2+ Cedar Waxwing - 2+ flocks small Audubon's Warbler - 1 Jcan Pileolated Warbler - 1 heard late singing; seen House Finch - several Spotted Towhee - 2 singing Savannah Sparrow - 1+ on low herb growth near Beach. Oregon Junco - several Nuttall's White-crowned Singing Sparrow - several " Song Sparrow - 2 " Apr.16 Monterey harbor, by chartered 110 ft. boat to approx. 8 mi. WSW Pt. Pinos, & return, Monterey Co., Calif. - I went along on this Cooper Club field trip organized by Chas. Sibley. We went aboard at 8 a.m., sailed at 8:25, docked

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 14 Apr. 16 (cont) Monterey to 8 mi. WSW Pt. Pinos again at 12:00 noon. Mrs. Dollo H. Beck & Stanley Jewett sat together on a seat just forward of the bridge and I talked with them briefly. Both of them pointed out that, positive identification of Puffinus griseus versus P. tenuirostris out of hand is risky, for the latter sp. varies greatly in amount of pale gray on underwing coverts - although averaging darker than griseus, some individuals might look like typical ones of that species. I should think, then, that a bird with definitely dark wing linings could be set down as tenuirostris (since griseus always is silvery on underwing) and the very silvery ones as griseus, with only intermediates questionable. Birds recorded from the boat (and wharf) were: Common Loon - {1 in breed. plumage between 7 to 8 mi. out. 1 m winter plumage in harbor 1 " breeding " just out of harbor, arctic Loon - few in bay; 100 est. seen at all dist. ofshore, outside of bay, most of them flying Northward in groups of 2 or 3. Cared Grebe - about 5 in harbor (breeding plumage) Black-footed Albatross - 5 to 8 seen well offshore, including 1 on return trip which was less then 2 mi. off Pt. Pinos. Sooty Shearwater - 200 est., from mouth of bay most as. at 3-5 mi. out; on out as far as and present.

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 15 Apr. 16 (cont.) Monterey to 8 mi. WSW Pt. Pinos Pink-footed Shearwater - 1 [crossed out: large] light bellicd shearwater seen at a distance appeared rather large - but not definitely identified. Fulmar - 40 est., most common in same belt as the Sooty Shearwaters, 3-5 mi. out. Brown Pelican - several in bay & harbor Brandt's Cormorant - many in bay, rapidly be- coming fewer offshore, the last seen at less than 5 mi. off Pt. Pinos. Pelagic Cormorant - several in, near bay. White-winged Scoter - 1 flock of 50+ (all this sp.) flew northward over ocean outside of bay. Surf Scoter - 500 est., in variously sized flocks, most of them flying northward. Ringed Plover - 1 in flock of Least Sandpipers a few mi. offshore, flying northward. Long-billed Curlew - 2 seen flying past boat well offshore by Mr. Jewett. Least Sandpiper - 100+ in several small flocks, flying northward low over ocean; a few Westerns may have been among them. Dowitcher sp. - 2 seen flying northward with flock of Surf Scoters outside bay. Phalarope sp. - about 5 seen (either Red or Northern, not in bright plumage for breeding & nests). Glaucous-winged Gull - 1 ad., 30+ imm. Western Gull - many; by far most numerous sp.

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Cogswell 1950 Journal 16 apr.16 (cont.) Monterey to 8 mi. WSW St. Rinos Herring Gull - about 5 seen California Gull - " 50 seen, mostly in one flock about 3 mi. off St. Rinos. Heermann's Gull - 1 im. on beach in harbor. Common Murre - 2 seen, both between mouth of bay + 3 mi. out of it. Pigeon Guillemot - about 20 seen, all within 3 mi. offshore, several well within the bay. Hummingbird sp.? - 10+ seen flying northward across mouth of bay; between it & mi. farther offshore than St. Rinos - Santa Cruz line. Return trip to so. Calif. this p.m. - no observations. -for notes of apr. 17 - June 14 period see southern California NOTEBOOK (Journal pp. 34-60) -for notes of June 17 - Aug. 26 period see Donner Pass - Lake Tahoe - western Nevada region NOTEBOOK. (Journal pp. 1 - 2 & Calif. 2 , being numbered separately from, present series).

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Species index to Journal, 1950 (page nos. underlined = 2+ refs. on that page) BIRDS (in AOU checklist order) Common Loon, -- 13 Arctic Loon -- 14 Loon, sp.? -- 13 Eared Grebe -- 14 Western Grebe -- 7 Pied-billed Grebe -- 2 Black-footed Albatross -- 14 Sooty Shearwater -- 14 Pink-footed Shearwater -- 15 Fulmar -- 15 White Pelican -- 8 Brown Pelican -- 7, 13, 15 Double-crested Cormorant -- 8 Brandt's Cormorant -- 7, 13, 14, 15 Pelagic Cormorant -- 7, 13, 15 Great Blue Heron -- 2, 5, 8, 10 Am. Egret -- 5, 8, 10, 13 Snowy Egret -- 8, 10 Black-crowned Night Heron -- 13 White-faced Glossy Ibis -- 8 Whistling Swan -- 1, 4, 6 Canada Goose (incl. moffitti) -- 1, 5 Lesser Canada Goose -- 1, 3, 5 Black Brant -- 7 White-fronted Goose -- 3, 5 Snow Goose -- 1 Mallard -- 4, 8 Gadwall -- 8 Baldpate -- 2, 4, 8 Am. Pintail -- 4, 8 Green-winged Teal -- 2, 8 Cinnamon Teal -- 8 Shoveller -- 8 Canvas-back -- 2, 4 Lesser Scaup Duck -- 7, Scaup Duck, sp.? -- 4 Am. Golden-eye -- 4 Bufflehead -- 2 Old-squaw -- 7 White-winged Scoter -- 15 Surf Scoter -- 13, 15 Ruddy Duck -- 2, 8 Am. Merganser -- 2 Red-breasted Merganser -- 13 Turkey Vulture -- 2, 10, 12, 13 Calif. Condor -- 3 White-tailed Kite -- 5 Cooper Hawk -- 4, 5, 12 Red-tailed Hawk -- 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 12 Red-shouldered Hawk -- 12 Swainson Hawk -- 8, 9, 10

18 Species index to Journal, 1950 (cont'd) Golden Eagle -- 2, 8 Marsh Hawk -- 4, 5, 8, 10 Sparrow Hawk -- 5, 8, 10, 12 Calif. Quail -- 5, 12, 13 Ring-necked Pheasant -- 4, 5 Sandhill Crane -- 1, 5, 6 Florida Gallinule -- 1, 5, 8 Am. Coot -- 1, 2, 5, 8 Black Oyster-catcher -- 7 (Semipalmated) Ringed Plover -- 14 Mountain Plover -- 9 Killdeer -- 2, 5, 8, 10, 13 Black-bellied Plover -- 8 Black Turnstone -- 13 Wilson's "nipe -- 8 Long-billed Curlew -- 7, 14 Hudsonian Curlew, -- 7, 8, 13 Willet -- 8 Greater Yellow-legs -- 8 Least Sandpiper -- 2, 13, 15 Red-backed Sandpiper -- 7 Short-billed Dowitcher -- 13 Long-billed Dowitcher -- 8 Dowitcher, sp.? -- 15 Avocet -- 8 Black-necked Stilt -- 8 Phalarope, sp.? -- 15 Glaucous-winged Gull -- 13, 15 Western Gull -- 7, 13, 15 Herring Gull -- 5, 16 California Gull -- 5, 13, 16 Ring-billed Gull -- 5, 8 Heermann Gull -- 16 Gull, sp.? -- 4 (inland over flooded area) Caspian Tern -- 13 Com. Murre -- 13, 16 Pigeon Guillemot -- 7, 16 Mourning Dove -- 2, 5, 8, 10, 12 Road-runner -- 10 Horned Owl -- 12 Burrowing Owl -- 5, 9 White-throated Swift -- 2 Selasphorus sp. -- 13 Hummingbird, sp.? -- 16 Belted Kingfisher -- 2, 13 Redeshafted Flicker -- 2, 4, 5, 8 Acorn Woodpecker -- 2, 13 Hairy Woodpecker -- 13 Downy Woodpecker -- 12 Western Kingbird -- 8, 10 Black Phoebe -- 4, 5, 8 Western Flycatcher -- 12 Horned Lark -- 9

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19 Species index to Journal, 1950 (cont'd) Violet-green Swallow -- 13 Barn Swallow -- 8, 10 Scrub Jay -- 2, 5, 13 Yellow-billed Magpie -- 2, 8, 12 Raven -- 3, 9, 10 Crow -- 4, 5, 13 Plain Titmouse -- 2 Bush-tit -- 13 White-breasted Nuthatch -- 2 Pygmy Nuthatch -- 13 Creeper -- 7 Bewick Wren -- 13 Long-billed Marsh Wren -- 8 Mockingbird -- 12 Leconte's Thrasher -- 9, 10 Swainson Thrush -- 12 Western Bluebird -- 2, 13 Am. Pipit -- 9 Cedar Waxwing -- 13 Loggerhead Shrike -- 8, 10 Hutton Vireo -- 12 Warbling Vireo -- 12 Nashville Warbler -- 12 Yellow Warbler -- 12 Audubon Warbler -- 2, 12, 13 Wilson's Warbler -- 13 (Pileolated) English Sparrow -- 9 Western Meadowlark -- 2, 4, 5, 8, 10 Redwing -- 4, 5, 8, 10 Tricolored Redwing -- 10 Bullock Oriole -- 8, 12 Brewer Blackbird -- 4, 5 Cowbird -- 10 Purple Finch -- 2 House Finch -- 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 13 Am. Goldfinch -- 4, 5, 8, 12 Spotted Towhee -- 12, 13 Brown Towhee -- 2, 12 Savannah Sparrow -- 4, 5, 10, 13 Oregon Junco -- 13 White-crowned Sparrow (subsp.?) -- 2, 4, 5, 10 Nuttall White-cr. Sparrow -- 13 Golden-crowned Sparrow -- 2 Song Sparrow -- 2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13 MAMMALS (alphabetically) Canis latrans -- 9 Cervus nannodes -- 11 Lagenorhynchus obliquidens -- 7 Lepus californicus -- 4, 9 REPTILES Crotalus, sp.? -- 9

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C. Cogswell, N.D. Species accounts

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Cogswell 1948 Yavia immer Dec. 18 - Tomales Bay, Marin Co., Calif. - close views of at least 4 different birds of this species, one in first winter plumage (i.e., light edgings to back feathers) along the E shore of bay was so tame we could walk up & down on shore only 200 ft. or so from him without disturbing him. The very large heavy bill of this species was quite evident on this bird, and at least 2 other loons well out in bay at the same time were distinctly larger than cormorants near them [See Yavia stellata for general comments re loon population here today]. 1949 Sep. 14 - Moss Beach to Pedro Pt., San Mateo Co., Calif. at least 15 or 20 of the 25-30 loons seen on the ocean along here today were of this species, judging from comparative size and the very heavy bills (a few still showed traces of breeding plumage pattern on the back). This seems an early date for so many individuals. Dec. 25 "Crystal Beach", Santa Monica - Ocean Park, L.A. Co., Calif. - 1 seen on ocean just offshore Dec. 28 - Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. - 4 seen in the bay near its mouth; 1 of them (swung only suspect) seen swimming under water near the sandy shore just W of Morro Harbor. It was chasing a fish which eventually eluded it despite twists & turns by the loon in water so shallow its back was out.

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1948 Yavia arctica Dec.18 Tomales Bay, Marin Co. Calif.: a good portion, perhaps half or more, of the very large population of loons here today [see Y. stellata for comment on numbers] was undoubtedly of this species. Several were seen close enough to see straight slender bill (cf. Y. immer). One came up from a dive not over 30 feet from our boat (the being rowed) near Hog Isl. It looked at us for several seconds with its head first one way then the other before proceeding to dive again and swim away from us. 1949 June29 Monterey, Monterey Co. Calif.: as the class in marine invert zool. from Hopkins Marine Station was straggling along under Fisherman's Wharf here about 6:45 AM, one loon of this species swam by us at about 150 ft. Upon wading out toward it, I could see its small straight bill. Some indications of breeding plumage were evident on the back and in the pale ashy hind-neck; but rest of the plumage was typical "winter" type. It trailed one foot behind it in the water. July 15-16 what is apparently the same bird still present (trails July 20 1 foot) but now shows paler ash on head and darker back.

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Cogswell 1948 Lavia stellata Dec. 18. Tomasas Bay, Marin Co., Calif. One of the most spectacular sights here today was the one of dozens & dozens of loons passing up & down the bay practically all the time. There must have been several hundred altogether, probably half or so of this species, though all 3 species were identified. Many were on the water mostly well spread out from one another, a meanwhile flocks of 20-30 birds each flew past, a few of them low over the water but mostly about 50-100 feet up. It was a sight I had never before experienced. Compared to Brandts cormorants, which were also passing up & down the bay in large numbers the loons flew in much looser flocks, with no apparent "formation". Their wing beats are slightly faster than cormorants. Without actually timing them, I would judge the smaller loons (both sp.) to have a beat of about 3 per second. The sound produced by their wings as they passed overhead was distinctly louder than that of the cormorants, though far less than that of the scoters & golden eyes.

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Cogswell 1948 Columbus grisegeana Dec. 18 Tomales Bay, Marin Co., Calif. 3 seen together near W shore between Hog Ro Sand Point. They were the first I had seen since 1936 (in Pennsylvania) but a dusky- necked grieve white checked larger than a coot with dull yellow bill could not be any other species, so I called the groups' attention to them. Another lone bird was seen a little further toward the mouth of the bay. Dec. 25 Lagoon at N. (ocean ave.) entrance to Ohio Oil Co., block 5 of Washington Blvd., Venice, Los Angeles Co., Calif. I seen very well, watched for some time. It was identical in appearance with those seen on Tomales Bay Dec. 18. Dec. 27 The same (3) bird in the same place. Seen also today by Ralph Mall of Los Angeles & Mrs. O.M. Stults of El Monte.

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Cogswell 1948 Columbus auritus Dec. 18. Tomales Bay, Marin Co., Calif. This species was the commonest grebe on the bay, numbering at least 5x, or more probably 10x, the eared grebe. From Dr.??. Miller, Capt. Storer, & Harry Adamson I soon learned that all small Columbi with dark or medium gray on sides of the fore-neck are not eared grebes. Many of this species are quite gray there, with only the cheek pure white. The sharp line of demarcation of this cheek patch from black cap, from dusky of hind neck (usually with much narrow dark line down mape), the thicker neck, heavier bill, and the negative character of never having a "high stern" as the eared so often appears to have are about the best differentiating characters. We did not see any grebes fly until our return boat trip in late P.M., when several flew instead of diving. Perhaps this may have been a result of the rapidly falling tide, & more powerful & turbulent current.

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Cogswell 1948 Colymbus nigricollis 1 Nov.5 - N.of E.end of Oakland Bay Bridge, Alameda Co. Calif. 14:00-15:00 - Several on open bay among and for near the large flocks of ducks flew at approach of the boat. Others dove to escape us. Dec.18 Tomales Bay, Marin Co. Calif. - See C. auritus for notes on relative nos. & differentiating characters. Jan.29 - Dumbarton Bridge, Alameda Co. Calif.- Several groups of 5 to 20 each were feeding in pheldrope fashion by swimming about rapidly & picking something up from surface of water by quick dabs of the head & neck. One group of 20+ was working in a close formation, others were more scattered. All this was on the diiked salt ponds of the Leslie Salt Co. near the K60 Transmitter. A few of the birds were also seen diving.

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Cogswell 1948 Aechmophorus occidentalis ! Nov. 5 - near (chiefly N. of) E. end of Oakland Bay Bridge, Alameda Co., Calif. 14:00-15:00 - an estimated 100 or so scattered in area n. to Berkeley Pier and a few near end of old Key System mole. Although the eared grebes flew at approach of our boat, all westerns which we came close to simply dove and came up behind us or off to one side. Dec. 18 - Tomales Bay, Marin Co., Calif. - the high-pitched "whistled squeak" call: "k-n-r-e-e-e-k" (very brief) was a common sound over quiet water of the bay (later:) altho I had forgotten this call I find, on checking my old records, I described it (Jan. 19, 1947) as "a dry 'brick'." 1949 May 21 Año Nuevo Pt., San Mateo Co., Calif. - a rather close flock of about 40 were on the ocean just beyond scattered kelp beds in a slight cove south of the point.

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Cogswell 1949 Diomedea nigripes July 20 - ocean approx. 9 mi. W. Pt. Joe, Monterey Co., Calif. Two flying here; one came in cautiously by toward our boat, now hove to. the It swam up to us from a distance of about 300 ft. & circled around behind us to nibble at the trail of seed I put out. The other bird disappeared. [Depth here est. from chart? to be about 900 - 1100 fathoms]. -ocean, approx. 6 mi. W. Pt Joe Monterey Co. Clf. sighted a close-packed troupe of 12 albatrosses swimming along over 's the swells like so many seotors!! &, we circled them & spiraled in, scaring off 2. Finally had to run the boat straight at them to get them up, & even then several had difficulty getting off the water (one didn't). Several taxied up and down over 2 swells before getting airborne. All those stern in the air today did a great deal of flapping - there was a fair breeze to us, but appea[red] ently not enough for them. all albatrosses seen today were dark-rumped but in 10 out of the group of 12 here noted were 3 which also had dark heads. all the others had a great deal of white over the face, whereas these 3 had only a narrow line around the base of the bill.

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1949 Fulmarus glacialis Feb 13 - Point Reyes, Marin Co., Calif. - From the old lighthouse position at the "point of the point" we saw at least 10 flying to and from beyond the breakers. The closest they came to shore was a good 800 ft. or more out & the 1 or 2 that did that didn't stay long. Ratio of dark phase to light phase birds was about 2 : 1. Robt. Stores - I had some discussion re whether Fulmar's or Sooty Shearwater's wing beats are more rapid, it seems to me that the fulmar gives a shallower stroke, perhaps also a little more rapid. We hope to have opportunity for direct comparison someday. July 20 - Monterey Bay (offshore from Cannery Row), Monterey Co., Calif. July 60-75 fulmars, in groups of 1 to 5, sitting on the water or flying short distances. Most of them are in a peculiar light brown blotchy plumage, apparently brought about by wear for they all had noticeably frayed tips on primaries & rectrices. A few light phase birds seen & those were also worn & consequently very white in appearance. I suspect these birds are all hold-overs from last winter's population. A few typical appearing dark phase birds also seen.

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Cogswell 1949 2 Jelmarus glacialis July 20 Just N. of Pt. Pinos to 9 mi. W. & slightly south of it, Monterey co., Calif. an estimated 15-20 seen at various points, some on the water & of the same worn down color as those in the Bay, others in apparent good plumage & flying well, all the latter were in typical dark phase or the mottled dark phase seen in winter; but several more very white birds were among those on the water. Several times I compared the flight of the Fulmar with that of Puffinus griseus & noted the following: Fulmar vs. Sooty Shearwater -frequency of beat series about the same (in full plumage -freq. of beats within series less greater depth of stroke about the same height on turns more variable tends always gliding much to rise to ht. speed slower much carriage head: large L with small f with horizontal horizontal. nov. 20 (same locality) - about 30 seen, all of them fully active, flying well, and taking off with only a moderate run. 2 of those seen were in light phase plumage, the others in various degrees of dark mottling to full "dark" phase. another difference between Fulmar & Sooty Shearwater is that the former never holds wings in nearly closed position while running over the surface as does the latter.

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Cogswell 1949 Puffinus griseus July 4 - Pt. Dinos, Monterey Co., Calif. The shearwater flight offshore here this evening was the best yet — insofar as observation was concerned. Those recorded in my journal on June 17 were most probably this species as it has been common at the "mouth" of Monterey Bay ever since, on several dates we have watched them from Cabrillo Pt. (Hopkins Marine Sta.) Pt. Aulon (Tavern's Pt., foot of 17th St., Pacific Grove) and from here. On June 25 one came close enough to shore here where I saw the pale gray wing-lining areas. Largest numbers were estimated on June 26 at 300 off Pescadero Pt. in early A.M., and I think fully as many are here this P.M., many of them coming close enough for specific identifica- tification [see also P. opisthomelas & D. bulleri]. They seem to be closest to shore in early A.M. and just before dark. At mid-day they are still in sight, coursing up and down about where the deep ocean swells break up upon entering Monterey Bay — but they are then too far out for identification. Some days they are not in sight at all from the shore at mid-day. The movement, if watched for only a short time

Coggswell 1949 Buffleus griseus 2 July 4 (cont.) - Pt. Pinos, Monterey Co., Calif. is apparently all in one direction; but some 10 min. or so later the whole flock may be going in the opposite direction. This was very evident tonight between 6:45 and 7:30 p.m., during which time I watched whole flocks trace ellipti- cal courses from just off the rock at the N. side of the "Point" to a mile or more along the wave crests running approximately NE from there and return. Some few individuals turned around sooner, and for a time some went on around the Point and out of sight; but many were seen to double about several times. There is, then, no simple migratory movements along the shore going on at present — or if so it is obscured by frequent back- tracking. I have a suspicion that this whole flock masses some- where off the peninsula to roost on the water — but they were still flying close off the point when it was so dark I could barely see them. The manner of flight, for com- parison with other species noted, may be described as follows:

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Cogswell 1949 Puffinus griseus 3 July 4 (cont.) - St. Miss, Monterey lo, Calif. - - about when flying upwind, about ½ flapping + ½ sailing, 4 to 10 flaps at a series, mostly within 15 feet of the water but slightly higher when flapping, often grazing the surface when sailing on the turns from upwind to downwind: they often give an extra long series of flaps, rising to a height of 30 ft. or more and then into the next phase: when flying downwind: wings often held at a decided angle to ocean surface: flaps in shorter series + series less frequent, rising to the 30+ ft. height more frequently, but not main. taking off at all — merely gliding over the top of a smooth “knoll” or down again. July 6 - 7:15 - 7:35 P.M. I watched ocean from the same point. There were from 2 to 30 shearwaters crossing my binocular field at all times during this period, most of them much down to shore then on 4th + all but a few were of this species. all flew steadily westward + southward around

Cogswell 1949 Puffinus griseus July 6 (cont.) - Pt. Pinos, Monterey Co., Calif. the point, except for an occasional one far out which was seen to circle about. They seemed to be sticking closer to water surface than on 4th. Total number seen going by in the 20 min. was 3000+ July 7 - 6:45 - 7:15 P.M. - The sea is much calmer than yesterday - and sheer. waters far less numerous. Not over 200-300 seen passing by the point, and many of them circled around & settled briefly on the water well offshore at places where Heermanns Gulls were also plunging to the surface. When gone on around the "point" they flew at greater average distance from shore than yesterday. With the calm sea, little mind they had to flap almost constantly: series of 8-12+ flaps following one another with only very brief glides between them —the glides lasting less than 1/3 the time that the flap series did. July 10 - 7:05-7:15 P.M. - Thin misty fog. Sea nearly as smooth as on 7th, but wind a bit stronger. Total of about 7 shearwaters seen; the 2 which came close enough for identification were this species. Flight of all was very close to surface, with periods of flapping & sailing nearly equal in length. All going SW past point. July 14 - Ocean W. of mouth of Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Co., Cal. numbers travelling Northward well beyond breakers.

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Cogswell 1949 Puffinus griseus 5 July 17 - Pt. Cypress and Pescadero Pt. (W. and S. sides of Monterey Peninsula), Monterey Co., Calif. Estimated 300, 500 respectively - all passing along at usual distance & headed northward around the penin- sula. The time is late AM (11:00-12:00) altho too far out for identification of most of them, the few close in were this species and most of them probably were also. Pt. Lobos, Monterey Co., Calif. Estimated 500 or more seen - the general flight line here at 2:00 PM is still north- ward, but off the top of the peninsula there was quite a bit of circling around. - off mouth of Malpaso Cr. S. of Carmel Highlands Monterey Co., Calif. - 1000+ seen between 5:15 & 5:45 PM. - Most of these were flying southward [!!! - cf. above] at a distance offshore about twice that of the main flight of the Brandells cormorants. [species again assumed to be this; the manner of flight being exactly that described above for Pt. Pinos] Some 200 or so were bobbing on the waves major flock at about the same distance offshore, but the flying birds passed on without joining them. July 20 - Monterey Harbor to point on ocean about 9-10 mi. W. Pt. Joe, Monterey Co., Calif., return Leaving the harbor at 1:06 P.M. & out along the S. side of the bay to past Pt. Pinos no shearwaters were seen. About 1 mi.

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Cogswell 1949 6 Puffinus griseus July 20 (cont.) - Ocean from just N. Pt Pinos to about 9-10 mi. W. Pt Joe, Monterey, Calif. further out the first few were seen and at about 4-6 mi. w. of the end of the peninsula we ran thru quite a zone of shearwaters. Nearly all were this species; many very close views were obtained (see also P. creatopus), now settled behind the boat, however, despite our tossing suet out for them. They did make circles turns around the boat seemed to come much closer than most of those we saw from Southern Calif. boat trips in 1947-48. Beyond the 4-6 mi. zone out to 9 or 10 mi. (as far as we went) there were fewer fewer shearwaters. On the return we again passed thru a definite zone of them, this time (about 4:15 P.M.) all of them flying on to the Northward. Total estimate of members seen: 500-1000 nowhere were they as densely grouped as those noted on July 4. One individual was resting on the water well within the Bay, in company of 2 Fulmars on our return at about 5:00 P.M.

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Cogswell 1949 Buffinus griseus 7 July 26 N side of Pt Dinos Monterey Co Calif. When we arrived here at 6:15 P.M there was a steady stream of shearwaters (presumably mostly this species) passing S.W ward at about the line where the first line of whitecapped swells appeared at the mouth of the bay. Farther in the bay they would be seen streaming along from about the direction of middle of Fort Ord. Most are too far away for positive species identification but they all fly like this species & the occasional 1 or 2 which are out of line closer in are definitely so. The general flight is more narrowly restricted to a given line (not over 4 ½ birds wide) than observed by me on any previous date. Count from 6:25 to 6:25 P.M totalled 536 individuals about 10-12 average in the field of vision of my 9x binoculars at once. Another 5-minute count from 6:35 to 6:40 P.M ran to about 800 with some flocks going by so thick & fast I couldn't count every individual there were up to 30 or 35 in field of vision at some times. Judging that the average number per 5 minute period during our stay at the point was 600 (more from 6:30-6:50 less than 500 from 7:00-7:10) I estimate about 6,000 passed the point in the 55 min from 6:15 to 7:10 P.M.

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Cogswell 1949 Puffinus griseus 8 July 27 - N. side of Pt. Pinos, Monterey Co., Calif. Watched from about 6:48 to 7:00 PM. & saw only 14 shearwaters, all well offshore, mostly single !!! a terrific diminution over last night's numbers. Sea is somewhat less choppy tonight, but the main swells are as big as last night. on the way home we checked also the W. side of the point & saw none. Possibly yesterday's flight was of a migratory nature & not merely a daily movement. What one needs to follow these birds, though, is an aquatic helicopter. Insofar as I could tell from here the line yesterday travelled something like this? MONTEREY BAY FORT ORD observed from here Pt. Ainos Lighthouse Pacific Grove MONTEREY Seaside Buoy on?

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Cogswell 1949 Puffinus opisthomelas -1 July 4. Pt. Pinos, Monterey Co., Calif. at least 3 different birds of this species among the numbers of P. griseus just off shore here in late P.M. They were close enough to see white under- parts & wing lining & compare size (decidedly smaller) with both the Sooty Shearwater & Heermann's Gull. May have been much more common; but certainly far less numerous than P. griseus. I noted no distinctive flight features, but I was unable to follow individuals of this species for very long with my binoculars. at least 4 seen among hordes of passing P. griseus. [which see]. July 6-

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Cogswell 1949 Suffenus creatopus July 20 - ocean, 4-8 mi. W. of Pt. Pinos, Monterey Co., slightly S. Calf.: About 8 shearwaters of this species seen, well distributed over this stretch of water which we covered between 2:00 and 3:30 p.m. They were seen singly, except for 2... One came flying on the water. within about 50 feet of the stern of the boat but did not stop. It af- forded us a good view of its pink feet at this range. Best distinguishing features at somewhat greater range are the white underparts, with dusky under-tail coverts and irregular gray on white under wing surface (especially noticable on axillaries). The slow wing beat - usually not so swift a flight as compared with Suffenus griseus is very prominent - a good identifying mark at any range where the light underparts can be seen. [On our return, somewhere in this same area, saidlaw Williams saw 3 of this species flying together]. July 26 - N. side of Pt. Pinos, Monterey Co., Calif. one of the few shearwaters which was out of the main line of flight - closer to shore [see R. griseus] was this species,

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Cogswell 1949 Puffinus balleri July 4- Pt. Pinos, Monterey Co., Calif. A single individual seen repeatedly (or different ones?) from the N. side of the Point about 7:00 - 7:30 PM. Its white underparts, light gray back, dark brown flight feathers & upper secondary coverts and dark tail all noted. The light tone of its upperparts was very noticeable in comparison with the dark [illegible] of the abundant P.griseus & even with the dark upperparts of P.opisthmelas. In size it was compared directly only with P.griseus, & seemed but slightly smaller. It was seen first about 7:00 PM, & thereafter at circled around for some time to the N. of the point. when flapping against the wind it seemed to have about the same speed of wing stroke as P.griseus, but it sailed higher between flap series - sometimes even "hanging" on the breeze at 15-20 feet above the water (something P. griseus never seems to do) for several seconds. Going downwind it seemed to travel less rapidly, but with typical shearwater grazing of the water surface between swells. It is definitely the same sp. as I saw in the central Pacific commonly in Nov. of 1945 - easily picked out because distinctly marked.

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Cogswell 1949 Baffinus bulleri -2 July 6 - Pt. Pinos, Monterey Co., Calif. - one or more seen (2 different times) again this evening between 7:15 - 7:35 P.M. They stand out from the Sooties like a beacon because of the gray upperparts. Dark wing tips are not so conspicuous against the dark water of the swells, but show up well against the water which is catching the reflection of the late PM. sun.

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Cogswell 1948 Releanus erythrorhynchos Dec. 18 Tomales Point, Marin Co., Calif.: at least 5 were resting on small islet off W. side of peninsula. 1 mi. or so from N. end, along with many P. occidentalis, cormorants, etc. R.W. Storer says that he has seen a small group of this species on the same islet on previous trips here. It seems unusual that a few would thus roost separately from its main flock in nearby Tomales Bay -- in such an atypical location for the species.

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1948 Belecanus occidentalis Oct. 10 - San Pedro Point, San Mateo Co., Calif. An estimated 300 or more on outermost offshore pinnacle. This is a very steep sided pyramid; and since I could see only one face, there may have been many more. During the half hour or so (12:00-12:30) that we were on the mainland cliff opposite there were, of course, always some arriving and departing and a few soaring high overhead. Once, however, for unknown reasons a flock of 100 or so took off from the rocks & soared up around the mainland cliffs before resettling on their grounds splashed perch offshore. None were seen fishing. Princeton, San Mateo Co., Calif. only a few here. one fishing near piers. I found long dead on beach. 1949 July 4 - Elkhorn slough, Monterey Co. Calif. - 159, by actual count, resting on sand islands in N. arm (old outlet channel) between dunes and Highway # 1. July 17 - Pt. Lobos, Monterey Co., Calif. - an estimated 700 on bird islands off S. shore of peninsula, but with constant arrivals & departures. All were just settling or preening. Majority were ads; few full grown immes. Laflin Williams says only a few pairs breed here.

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1948 Phalacrocorax auritus Oct. 9 - Municipal Fishing Pier, Berkeley, Calif. 10:00 + ½ hr. off - flock of approximately 250 fishing en masse just offshore S. of pier, after the manner described by Marshall. Oct. 17 - Point Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 11:00 - 11:30 - While we watched to W. & S.W. from small sandy beach opposite 100 block of Western Drive at least 15 flocks of from 5 to 40 ± birds each passed to the southward. Most of them flew very close to the surface of the water but would occasionally rise suddenly in stepwise fashion (i.e. leading birds first, followed at some location by others) to a height of 15 - 30 ft., only to drop again. A few flocks flew steadily at a 50 to 100 feet height. A single immature bird which was diving about 300 ft. off the beach was watched for several minutes. Its periods under the water averaged about 25 seconds, above water about 15 sec. or less. Dec. 18 - Tomales Bay, Marin Co., Calif. - relatively few of this species as compared with P. penicillatus. A few flocks of up to 5 or so of P. auristus were seen, as well as scattered individuals which were mixed with flocks of the other sp. The contrast between yellow lower mandible of these, & dark of [illegible] was very evident.

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1948 Phalacrocorax penicillatus Dec.18 - Tomales Bay, Marin Co. Calif. By far the commonest cormorant here. Large flocks come flying in toward Miner Bay (!- seems a little out of usual feeding place for this sp.) from out toward ocean. No densely packed fishing flocks were seen. A little later many are going back out again; some still coming in. All flocks fly in a somewhat staggered, irregular line - and frequently they rise, in succession, as though over an obstacle. [See Sula stellata for comparison of flight of flocks of respective species] 1949 July 17- 17-mile Drive, Monterey Peninsula, Calif. - common - small to large (100+) flights going up and down coast at all times. "Bird Rock" between Sts. Joe & Cypress is black with them - probably easily 10-15,000 birds. Many nests containing nearly grown, but still partly downy young are visible from the mainland. They can also be smelled! (Photos taken of colony) St. Lobo's, Monterey Co. Calif. - on the largest "Bird Island" off the south shore are fully 15,000 cormorants - the vast majority of them this species. The big concentration is on the flat area above the cliffs, which latter harbor chiefly P. pelagicus. All young of P. penicillatus seemed well grown, but not flying. (Several photos taken)

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Ogwell 1949 Phalacrocorax pelagicus July 17 - "Bird Rock", 17 mile Drive, Monterey Peninsula Cal. There is a fringe of this species around the Cal. lowest slopes of the islet, which is covered far above them with P. penicillatus. I could not be sure whether there were any active nests of pelagicus. - Pt. Lobos, Monterey Co., Calif. - Several dun. bred here, most of them nesting in miles or on ledges of cliffs of the "bird Islands" off the S. shore of the peninsula. Here again P. penicillatus occupies the higher, gentler slopes & pelagicus the steeper cliffs closer to the water. 1 photo taken of 3 nests I was able to approach most closely. They contain young from 1/2 to 3/4 grown, the former still in entire fuzzy black down.

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Cogswell 1949 Ardea herodias July 4 - Elkhorn slough, Monterey Co., Calif. about 8 individuals were seen in 1 1/2 miles of Calif. tho slough, traversed by rowboat from at the landing near tho Highway #1 Bridge us Two wore seen to fly to tall Cusa - ive Lupinus trees near thc E. end of a long Belly, windbreak of same S. of tho slough ssod and there to alight on separate the nesta. a few minutes later two U.S. individuals flew out again over the slough. In tho trees where their nesta wore seen, I could make out about 6 or 7 other nests C.Golf (all of thia sp.) but timo did not allow closer examination than from the boat. as. and tato optical the

Cogswell 1948 Casmerodius albus 1 Oct. 26 - Near L.S.B., University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 07:50 - I flew in from N and alighted, somewhat gingerly, on topmost boughs of eucalyptus tree in the traffic circle in University Drive between West Entrance and the Life Sciences Bldy. It remained there while many students passed along street below; but was gone by the time I looked again from within its M.V.3. (about 08:00) 1949 Jan. 29 - Bay Farm Id., Alameda, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. at least 3 egrets seen today were noticeably lengthening nuptial plumes. Mar. 13 - Albany, Alameda Co., Calif. + adjacent Richmond of 3 birds on mud flats N. of Golden Gate Fields Race Track; one had very long nuptial plumes which were obviously worn at the tips.

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Cogswell 1949 Lemophorus thula [illegible] Jan. 30 N. end of Bolinas Lagoon, Marin Co., Calif. one was foraging here in typical "light-footed" fashion, moving rapidly along through the shallow water at ebb tide, lifting its yellow feet just out of the water at each step. This bird is beginning to show nuptial plumes [see Casmerodius egretta, also]

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Cogswell 1948 Nycticorax nycticorax Oct. 17 - Point Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 11:10 - a single "quok" call heard from top of eucalyptus trees in yard between 125 Western Dr. and small sandy beach. Miss Jacqueline Watkins who lives at that address & is familiar with the birds, say that about 10-12 of them roost in the trees regularly except during the spring and early summer. 1949 Nov. 21-23 - Hill Court Albany, Alameda Co., Calif. every evening at dusk (white I've been confined to the house by illness) a small group of 4 or 5 birds has flown over our house toward the San Francisco Bay shore - calling "quok" several times as they go. They apparently roost during day in the Cypress trees between Codornices Village & the Hill Experimental Tract, & fly out to feed in the evening on the tidal flats. Dec. 4. Gray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. - an estimated 400 or more were resting in & on cat tails of pond within loop road closest to refuge headquarters. This is, I believe, the largest concentration I have ever seen at one place.

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Cogswell 1949 Plegadis mexicana 90 ft. Dec. 11 3 mi. SE Gustine, Merced Co., Calif. - a flock of about 20 individuals flew up and circled about when a marsh hawk flew low over them. They soon settled down again into tall grass and young tules of an area of marshy d. lands in a shallow pond. With a particularly favorable angle of light the green sheen of their upperparts was very prominent. They were scarcely visible to us when down in the marsh, however. Good views of them in the air were obtained by Dr. Miller & 6 members of his ornithology class.

1949 Feb. 5 - Eastern part of Victoria Idl, or Norhen Lake Tract, 10 mi. W & 3 mi S of Stockton San Joaquin County, Calif. - about 250 swans, in groups of 10 to 60 or more, were seen from state hi.way #4. They were on the ground in open, weedy & muddy fields, apparently feeding by grubbing in the mud. - 3+ mi. W of Thornton, northwestern San Joaquin Co., Caly. 30 more swans, in 2 groups, down on recently plowed & unplowed asparagus fields. The unplowed portions had a good deal of dried up & matted down asparagus plants still on them & numerous red "berries" still on the branches as well as on the ground. altho it couldn't be determined for sure that the swans were eating these, they were certainly getting something off these fields - and the only visible vegetable food was the asparagus. a farmer whom we contacted here says he thinks they eat the asparagus berries. I took 3 photographs on kodachrome 828 film of a part of these birds (2 on ground, 1 in flight) - 4½ mi. W of Thornton, northwestern San Joaquin Co., Calif - about 120 more swans in middle of huge flock of feeding Pintails [see sp. account] on muddy plowed field at extreme northern end of "Staten Island" (new fork in Mokelumme River)

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Cogswell 1949 Cygnus columbianus 2 Feb. 5 - about 7 mi. NNE of Knights Landing, Sutter Co., Calif. another group of about 15 swans also on the ground in broad, open fields near a lot of ducks (chiefly Pintails). Feb. 6 - Stray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. - see (Mar. '20) - " " " " - NONE in evidence. Dec. 11 - 90 ft. 3 1/2 mi. SE Gustine Merced Co., Calif.- a single individual seen flying over marshy country at S. end of "Club 14"; and about an hr. later a flock of 10 was flying near the same place. 1 ft., State Game Refuge, NE Los Banos, Merced Co., Calif. - about 15 in a flock on one of the oxbow ponds near N end of refuge. elev. < 5 ft. 1950 Jan. 22 - 9 mi. W, 1 1/2 mi. S Lodi, San Joaquin Co., Calif. - a flock of about 600 was resting in a muddy abandoned farmyard along State highway 12. a few straggling groups (of 5-8 each) also seen in flight near White's Slough just to the south.

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Cogswell 1948 Branta canadensis Oct. 24 - San Pablo Reservoir, 300' ft. Contra Costa Co., Calif. at least 8 large Canadas present with mass of ducks in cove on N.E. shore of lake. 4 of them were walking slowly along the dry grassy slope a few feet from the water's edge and were once obviously upset when chasing 2+ chattering other canada geese, crashed thru among them. The other 4+ were at rest on small point of land about 20 ft. from end of cove. all this obser- vation via 32x scope & 9x binoculars from hi-way SW of lake. Nov. 13 - 93 B. C. canadensis (other "large subspecies")? and 4+ B.C. leucopareia seen from road along SW shore of dam. many of them were on shore just below the road until I walked into sight, when they swam slowly out into lake. some had been honking occasionally but were entirely silent after they saw me. 1949. Feb. 5 - 10 mi. W & 3 mi. S of Stockton, San Joaquin Co., Calif. a flock of 12 large geese of this species (very probably B.C. canadensis) flew over, but were silent. - about 4 1/2 mi. E of Woodland, Yolo Co., Calif. About 70 B.C. canadensis & at least 8 definitely smaller ones, probably B.C. leucopareia in partially flooded plowed field with a few thousand ducks, chiefly Pintails. The geese were far more wary than the ducks & flew up beyond a

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Cogswell 1949 Branta canadensis -2 Feb.5 (cont)- row of small willows where they dropped down again , although the ducks much closer to us were undisturbed [cf. actions of anser albifrons this same date] Feb.6 - Tracy Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif.- see journal- Mar.20- " " " " " " " - of all the "Canadas" seen here today (550+ total), those seen at close enough range all seemed to be B. C. minima on basis of short bill and the call notes given in flight, which were high nasal "bank", "bank", "bank", etc. - varying in pitch from bird to bird - but none doubled. one flock of 50+ feeding on sprouting grain fields S. of the refuge gave deeper calls, & I think they were B.C.leucoparies. one group of 3 which flew over headquarters seemed large enough & slow enough of wing beat & be B.C.canadensis. Mr. Lowan, refuge manager, says that the calling these are the last to leave in the spring.

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Cogswell 1948 Branta bernicla Dec. 18. Tomales Point, Marin Co., Calif. - a flock estimated at 400 came in thru the mouth of Tomales Bay in late P.M. and settled on the rough (but not quite white-capped) water outside the sand bar. Another ?? flock in flight was seen far offshore; but these are the only ones in evidence. Eelgrass is abundant in the bay, with wonderfuls of it up on shore & some floating in the bay — but the brant are apparently mostly out at sea.

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Cogswell 1949 Anser albifrons Feb. 5 - 4 1/2 mi. W of Thornton, San Joaquin Co., Calif. approximately 50 scattered in small groups among the huge mass of Pintails feeding here on a partially flooded plowed field. When I got out of the car the nearest 1% or so of the Pintails picked up & flew - but some 4 or 5 of the geese in the same region stayed on the ground & after a moment's pause, resumed feeding.

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Coqswell 1948 Philacte canagica Dec. 18 Tomales Bay, Marin Co., Calif - Just at dusk (about 5:45 P.M., C.D.S.T.) as we passed N.E. of Hog Id. enroute back to boat landing, Harry Adamson spied a bird among the raft of coots which made him almost speechless. But he managed to at least whisper "Emperor Goose" and soon those in the front boat were screaming about it. Dr. Miller had cut the motor, and we in the boat being towed asked "where?" Soon I picked it out as it sat on the water very close to us. Even in the dim light the bluish body with white flecks showing, pure white head and black fore-neck could be seen. It soon flew, what with all the noise we made, and all of us saw its yellow feet plainly -- and all those present added a new species to their acquaintance.

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Cogswell 1949 Chen hyperborea Feb.5 approx. 6 mi. E of woodland, Yolo Co., Calif. a flock of 15 flew low & circled over mass of feeding ducks & Canada geese, but failed to alight (because we were there ?).

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Cogswell 1948 Anas strepera 1 Dec.21 - "Muga Game Preserves" (a gun club), 5 mi E, 1+mi S of Port Hueneme, Ventura Co., Calif - about 15 males seen on the few ponds which can be seen from Caspar Rd.

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1948 anas acuta 1 Oct.24. San Pablo Reservoir, 300+ ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. Three more or less separate flocks totalling an estimated 1200 birds. The two largest flocks were mostly resting on the far (N.E.) shore of the lake, while about 100 or so were feeding in shallow end together with baldpats & teal. Nearly all the males seem to have pretty well come out of the eclipse plumage & their white breasts now show up prominently from a distance. Oct.31. Bay Farm Id., Alameda, Alameda Co., Calif. one female which circled us on SW shore of San Leandro Bay uttered low, very hoarse "quack" several times. It was even less musical than a mallard's reedy note. 1949 Feb.5. 4¼ mi. W of Thornton, northwestern San Joaquin Co., Calif. - a single huge mass of 20,000 or so (as estimated by flocks of 50 for 1st 500, then by 500's) densely packed on a partially flooded plowed field by N. fork of Mokelumne River. They were feeding voraciously in the mud, both in & out of the water, the "white" breasts of the males being a good mud-brown dark color. We looked them over carefully for other species, but saw none (the one "mallard" quack was heard). This flock

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Cogswell 1949 Anas acuta 2 Feb. 5 (cont.) plus outlying smaller flocks in other fields nearby easily totalled 25,000 birds —the most I've seen in 1 place since the duck boom days of 1941-42 (or since our willows refuge trip in Dec. 1945, when they were concentrated on the refuge during hunting season). July 3: N. end of Elkhorn Slough, 3 ¾ mi. S. of Watsonville, Monterey Co., Calif. Flock of 30±, all in dull plumage, flew over slough at height of 200' ft. and continued on to the N.

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Cogswell 1948 Anas carolinensis creee 1 oct.24 San Pablo Reservoir, 300 ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. at least 8, including 3+ males, were seen among ducks feeding in shallow end of lake in mid-PM; and many more may have been among flocks of ducks on far shore. 1949 Feb.5 - about 6 mi. E of Woodland, Yolo Co., Calif. - 100+ among the larger flock of pintails on partially flooded plowed field - the only teal seen all day on trip from delta region W. of Stockton to Sacramento, here, and Marysville. 1950 Feb.16 San Dimas Canyon Reservoir, San Gabriel Mts., 1450 ft L.A. Co., Calif. - 1♂ on sandy delta at head of reservoir, with 13 mallards (g.v.) (see southern California notes; this item transferred to it).

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Cogswell 1948 Mareca americana Oct. 24 San Pablo Reservoir, 300+ ft., Contra Costa Co., Calif. about 250 estimated in scattered flock, with a few teal & pintails, feeding in shallow end of lake m mid PM. Males were pretty well along toward bright plumage. No baldpates were seen among large flocks resting on N.E. shore, but some may have been there. 1949 Feb. 5- Victoria Isl., western San Joaquin Co., Calif: a number scattered among large flock of pintails on open fields. — the only baldpates seen all day on trip from here to Stockton, Sacraments, Woodland, & Marysville.

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Cogswell 1948 Aythya collaris 1 Nov. 27 - Jewell L., Tilden Regional Park, Contra Costa Co. NE of Berkeley, Calif.. 2 males (1 in some- what intermediate plumage) and 2 females. Flew away with rest of ducks when we approached shore of lake. Dec. 5 2 ♂ and 1♀ on Jewell L. This A.M. The males, I think, were likely the same 2 as above, since one was still obviously not yet in full drake plumage. They both flew away with the canoe backs upon our first approach into the open near the south east shore, but the single female swam out into the middle of the pond & remained until we came considerably closer. She was keeping company with a 4 Scamp rather than with the ♂ Ring-necks.

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Cognwell 1948 Aethya valisneria Nov. 7 - E. side San Francisco Bay, at Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. at least 18 among scamps or muddies on bay opposite Berkeley Aquatic Park. 1949 Apr. 22 St. Isabel to Golden Gate Fields Race Track, Albany, E. side of San Francisco Bay, Alameda Co., Calif. - after being very common all winter all along the shore here, with maximum numbers of 450 est. here 13, there are today only 47 & 84 in sight.

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Cogswell 1948 Aythya marila 1 Nov. 5 - N. of E. end of Oakland Bay Bridge, Alameda Co., Calif. 14:00-15:00 - at least 2 of the scaup ducks which flew past us had a long white stripe in wing to well beyond the bend (i.e. - well out primaries). These at least I feel sure were of this species, and I suspect that quite a number were present among the much more abundant A. affinis

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Cogswell 1948 Aythya affinis 1 Nov. 5 - N. & E. end of Oakland Bay Bridge, Alameda Co., Calif. 14:00-15:00 - A conservative estimate of at least 10,000 scamp in 2 large, well spread out flocks in area between the bridge, Berkeley Isld., and Treasure Id., — which area we covered fairly well from the boat operated by bridge employees. They were pretty wild, flying en masse as the boat approached within easy field binocular range. None were seen diving although they may have before we bothered them. The vast majority of all waterfowl present were of this species. Females outnumbered full-plumaged males. Dec. 5 - Jewell L. Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., NE of Berkeley, Calif. one ? in mid-pond flew away with Canvasbacks & Ring- necks, while another ? which had been in close to E shore, merely scam out to the middle of the pond when we came into the open on road E of pond. This latter bird was accompanying a ? A. collaris. They flew away together after we approached it more closely.

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1948 Bucephala clangula 1 Nov. 25 - Just N base of St Isabel, SC part of Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - 3 birds in ? plumage (of this sp. or B. islandica) were diving in active fashion & in rapid succession in the small part of tide flat area between big dike and the highway. The tide was flowing out thru the only gap in the dike quite rapidly & after a few minutes, the golden eyes worked out with it into the main part of the bay. Nov. 27 - Jewell Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., NE of Berkeley, Calif.. one female seen. It flew up with other ducks at our approach to the west shore; but, whereas the others disappeared from the vicinity, the golden eye circled back over the pond (at about 150 to 200 ft. alt.) several times. We went on up the hill after that & I don't know whether she actually landed in the pond again or not. Dec. 5 - 2 females were on the pond - and stayed there despite our walking slowly & in plain sight along E. & N. shores. Another ? came in to the pond after we were there for some time. At one time, when one ? was flying up to just cross the pond, I heard a slight whistling from her wings. It does not seem nearly so prominent as that I heard

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1948 Bucephala clangula 2 Dec.5 (cont'd.) from this species as a boy in Pennsyl. vanus (circa - 1930-31). The ? in flight overhead on Nov.27 produced no noticable whistling sound at all. -N.end Golden Gate fields, San Francisco Bay shore, Albany, Alameda C., Calif.- 2 separate ?? seen, and 2 ?? close together in small tidal pond within race-track fence. The males dove alternately, each surfacing again very close to the other one, which in the meantime had moved forward on the surface. Dec.18- Tomales Bay, Marin C., Calif.- female golden eyes were quite common, especially in the small coas along the NW shore well out toward mouth of the bay. Of an estimated total of 150 seen fully 125 were in the ? plumage; the rest in adult ? plumage of this species. The "whistle" of even the ??'s wings was not nearly so loud or so evident as the noise made by the heavier Scoters. Dec.25- "Del Rey Lagoon" (old Ballona creek bed) at Recreation Men Club, S. of Washington Blvd., Venice, L.A.C. Calif.- 2 female golden eyes on this tidal channel with oil wells on one side & drained salicornia marsh on the other. I also seen on nearby new Ballona Creek channel.

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Cogswell 1948 Bucephala clangula 3 (Dec.27) None could be found in above area despite diligent search. Heavy rain of last night & showers today may have been a factor in their disappearance ? or hunters may also have been, the few if any hunt along the lagoon near the oil wells.

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Cogswell 1948 Bucephala albeola Dec. 18. Tomales Bay, Marin Co., Calif. - commoner here than any place I've ever been, an estimated 200 seen, the vast majority of them in 4 plumage. A favorite feeding ground seemed to be in coves along NE shore of Tomales peninsula inside the sand bar at mouth of bay.

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Cogswell 1948 Histronicus histronicus Dec. 18 Tomales Point, Marin Co., Calif. I and [illegible] were standing on rocks under the NE overhang of bluff at top of point & were under observation by others of group when I walked up to top of bluff above the ducks & caused them to swim away. For a few minutes* I had a wonderful view from directly above the male, as he swam into full sunlight — a truly beautiful bird. Females appear browner & much heavier than & bufflehead, altho not so much so as scoters. The white patch on side of forehead shows up fairly well at medium range.

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Cogswell 1948 Melanitta fusca Nov. 5 - N. of E end of Oakland Bay Bridge, Alameda Co., Calif. 14:00-15:00 - at least 5 seen among large flocks of scups & surf scoters. all were in brown plumage; but seen well in flight with white patches showing. Dec. 18 Tomales Bay, Marin Co., Calif. - Very few compared to the masses of M. perspicillata, [illegible] soon after our departure from near Fog Rd., a small flock of 6± & this was about the situation on several occasions between there & the mouth of the bay. altho they are decidedly larger than the surf scoter, no noticeable difference in sound produced by their wings was apparent.

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1948 Melanitta perspicillata Oct. 10 Municipal Fishing Pier, Berkeley, Calif. 10:00 A.M. - flock of 9, including 2 adult 5's, flew S. overhead at about 100 ft. altitude. - 1 adult ? was on water S. of pier at same time. 10:22 - 6 in ? plumage flew N. over pier 10:42 - 287 g 244 flew W. out into bay. -San Pedro Point and Princeton, San Mateo Co., Calif. an estimated 50-60 in small flocks, most of them flying south parallel to shore. one flock at Princeton contained a fast-flying stocky duck not over 2/3 the size of the scoters. I could see no markings in its gray plumage (= ? bufflehead or ??) Nov. 5 - N. of E. end of Oakland Bay Bridge, Alameda Co., Calif. 14:00-15:00 - mixed in with the much larger masses of scamp were an estimated 300-400 scoters (up?). Almost all the scoters we saw in flight were of this species. The water was only very slightly choppy, wind very slight, and many scoters I were unable to get off the water. not over about 10-15 in full ? plumage seen. Dec. 18 - Tomales Bay, Marin Co., Calif. - Many loose aggregations of 50 to several hundred each + scattered ones were well distributed from near Hog Is. to mouth of bay. Few were seen on the ocean or around the point. (Tomales).

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Cogswell 1948 2 Melanitta perspicillata Dec. 18 - Tomales Bay, Marin Co., Calif (cont'd.) Plumage: all degrees of change from immaturity were in evidence among the males, although majority were settled, fully adult with both white nape (which adanson says is some. times absent) and forehead or fairly close to 4 plumage. The distinction in these latter is evident by a general darkening of the whole head to a bluish brown. wing sound in flight: most amazing to me was the distance to which the low whistle produced by the scoters' wings would carry. sometimes so far that the bird would be settling on the water again before I could determine the direction of the sound. of course the day was very clear, and with relatively little wind, which makes for ideal sound transmission over water. also, this being the first time I can recall of seeing scoters fly over still water, I concluded the sound is normally kept from my ears by the crashing of surf along the shore.

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1948 Oxyura jamaicensis 1 Nov. 5 N. of E. end of Oakland Bay Bridge, Alameda Co., Caly Many (several hundred at least) seen from Eastshore Highway from near Berkeley Pier to base of Bay Bridge (only a few there). None were seen among huge flocks of other diving ducks further out in bay. 1949 June 26. El Estero Park, Monterey, Monterey Co., Calif. 11:25 a 4 49 seen on this park pond with bits of tule border a good tule a willow island. The 3?s were in brilliant plumage with bills practically luminescent they were so blue. One ? was seen rushing at a ? with her wings somewhat outspread. At her approach he would dive a reappear 15 - 20 feet away, whereupon she re- peated the manuevers (which seemed to be amorous rather than antagonistic). The first time we saw this the ? went thru the typical courtin display with head bobbing a bill dipping into the water when he surfaced — but this was not repeated when she chased him under, th succeeding 6 or 7 times, after which he swam away a the affair ended. However, their actions attracted 6 other males from all directions around that arm (N.arm) of the pond. They swam rapidly in toward the ? ; but none approached her closer than 15 ft. or no nuptials display on their part. [No young here, the mallards had plenty out]

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Cornwell 449 Oxyura jamaicensis 2 june 26 (cont.) - El Estero Park, Monterey, Calif. - 2 other males were seen resting in mid-pond, accompanied by females. The 4th ♀ swam out of tules at edge of small island & proceeded immediately to preen! -Small pond just E. Hotel Del Monte, Monterey, Calif. 2 pairs seen from highway N. of pond. July 13-15, still in bright plumage, and a ♀ with 6 tiny downy young seen on this pond. The young were diving frequently near the ♀.

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Logswell 1949 Mergus serrator Jan. 30 - Bolinas Lagoon, Marin Co., Calif. - 2 males in full plumage, with iridescent black parts of plumage, pure white, & with deep reddish brown on breast & with long, loose crest feathers. One of them was standing on shore at high tide level, and waddled about 15 feet to the water, when not approached to within about 200 feet of it across a deep tide channel. I have seldom seen 3s of this sp. in such beautiful plumage as there. Apr. 23 - [illegible] Bay Farm Island, Alameda Co., Calif. - about 25 on the "mud flats", swimming and diving occasionally in the water over the flats at early off tides about 9 A.M. There were at least 8 pairs, with 2 or 4 swimming close together, others seen were 4 by themselves or in loose association with the pairs. Low, hoarse "quack" notes were given by some of group of 4 pairs which flew out into bay proper.

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ogswell 1948 Cathartes aura Dec. 18. Tornales Bay area, Marin Co., Calif. at least 21 different individuals seen (we counted progressively, from car, keeping watch that those behind us didn't get recounted) around 5, and 6 over hills NE of bay with 2 of the total circling over Tornales Point. This seems an unusually large number for so far N. at this season. Dec. 21 - Caspar Rd., 3/2 mi to 5+ mi. E & 1 1/2 mi. S. of Port Hueneme, Ventura Co., Calif. - 10 or more seen, some of them sitting about on low fence posts or in trees. This is a normal wintering area apparently, for I've seen the species here on every winter visit if I remember right - & that includes one in Nov., & 2 or 3 in January of different years. Dec. 29 1 mi. S. Arroyo Grande, San Luis Obispo Co. Calif. - 2 flew over farmland area at low altitude. Dec. 30 - Los Osos Valley, E of Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. - 4 seen - Morro Bay, S.L.O. Co., Calif. - 5 seen, 2 of them soaring over ocean beach & dunes, 2 of them down on ground along tide channel in salicornia marsh. The above records indicate widespread wintering (or near-wintering) of this species coastally.

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Logswell 1949 Cathartes aura 2 Nov. 6 - 2 mi. S Alvarado, Alameda Co., Calif. In the dry field N. of route 17 here there 4:40 were a few live cows and apparently 1 dead one near the far side of the field -- for 18+ vultures were closely packed there, obviously pecking at a carcass I could not quite see. 6 other vultures were setting on fence posts in the vicinity.

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Cogswell 1950 Gymnogyps californianus Jan. 30: 2 mi. N Lebec, 3400 ft. Kern Co. Calif. at 4:40 p.m. as we drove north along US highway 99 a condor appeared over the hill to the east. When first seen by my wife, Bessie Cogswell, it was sailing; but by the time I got the car stopped and was out of it, the condor was beginning to veer in a wide circle high above Castaic Valley (in which the highway runs). During the next few minutes it flapped its wings 3 and 4 strokes in succession, and after a short sail, repeated this several times -- obviously trying to gain altitude and still progress to the southwestward. The flaps were of considerable amplitude, and at an estimated rate of about 1 every second or slightly faster. There was a strong westerly wind blowing through the valley -- sufficient to cause the car to swerve a bit as we drove along the highway. Through 9x binoculars the white wing patches of the condor were plainly visible. After the series of flappings, it neared the edge of a low cloud and began to soar in narrower circles, with its head drooping below the axis of its body. It was farther away by this time, toward Drazier Mtn., and we ceased watching it.

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Cogswell 1948 Clanusc leucurus Nov.21 - approx 2 mi. N Kelseyville, Lake Co., Calif. I perched in top of small willow (?) (in walnut) in field among extensive pear orchards. Bessie Cogswell first picked it out, and both Richard Tuber & I looked it over with 9x binoculars (from the car). We were close enough to note gray mantle and black shoulder patch. (Nov.26) - I find no specific mention of this species in Sac. Coast avifauna # 27 for Lake Co, but northwesternmost limit as far beyond here (in Humboldt Co.). We saw a pair of kites near upper Lake on Dec 13, 1945 as well. They are probably regular in Clear Lake valley. Dec. 21 - along Gaspar Rd., 1 mi N. to 3 mi N.W. of Laguna Nigra, Ventura Co., Calif. - 5 seen from road in about 1 1/2 miles, including an obvious pair. This area has had kites steadily common for the last several (4+) years at least. -W. of Ramona Canyon, E base of Dume Mt., western Los Angeles Co., Calif. - a pair hovering over slopes (old marine terraces) just N. of coast highway US-101 alternate. I also have prior records here during last year or so. 1949 Jan.29 - 1 1/2 mi. E. of Alviso, Santa Clara Co., Calif. one

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Logswell 1949 Clanues leucurus 2 Jan 29 (cont.) hovering repeatedly over open grassy field near KQW transmitters, while another was perched in top of leafless oak tree on far side of field. Miss Smith of Los Gatos, who was present, says that 2 pair are found regularly in this area. The hovering bird bore no colored bands at least -- & I believe no bands at all. June 19. Fort Ord, Monterey Co., Calif. - a pair were hovering over weedy fields along highway # 1 between main & So. Gates of the Mil. Reservation - about 4:00 P.M. (1950) Apr. 4 near sea-level, 13/4 mi. NE Castroville, Monterey Co., Calif. 1 perched on a willow along Moro Cojo Slough just N of State Highway 156. Fields nearby partly are, cultivated & partly grazed.

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Cogswell 1949 Accipiter cooperi Mar. 5 - Wildcat Canyon, 3/4 mi. E of Spruce St. entrance to Tollen Regional Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - a sharp squeaky "sbeer" or "skeek" repeated 3 or 4 times, from brushy hillside (I'm quite sure from a Cooper's Hawk) was followed immediately by calling (chi-ca-go) of several quail in the vicinity. A Cooper's Hawk was seen by several of us in the Zoology 125 class a short while before this, as it glided thru the oaks on a small ridge E of the main canyon. In the P.M. one was seen soaring over the vegetational analysis study area (open grassland to bits of riparian oak woodland). This bird had a large gap in the middle of the right wing.

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Logswell 1948 Buteo jamaicensis Oct. 16 2 mi. S. of Napa, Napa Co., Calif. 3 flew over highway (route 29) together and soon began a series of swoops and dives, sometimes coming to below fence-post level over pasturalland nearby. Apparently one of the birds was an interloper and at least one of the others was doing its best to drive it off. Oct. 24 - San Pablo Reservoir, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 3 gathered from high over the ridge to the NE. of the lake to dive on an immature golden eagle which was soaring at a con- siderably lower altitude. They made at least a dozen rushes at it, but each time the eagle would deviate slightly from its steady glide, throw up its wings, and the red-tail would swoop at the same time. Pinole Valley vicinity Contra Costa Co., Calif. More red-tails over adjacent hills and fields than I have ever seen in such a limited space, I believe. They soared in 2's to 5's, high & low, and several were seen perched low on fence posts, or power-line towers, and in trees (one in shade tree in barnyard). Both adults and immatures noted among those seen close up. Estimated total of 18 birds seen.

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Cogswell 1949 Buteo jamaicensis 2 Apr. 24 arroyo mocho Road NE of Mt. Hamilton Santa Clara, Calif... - 1 ad. flew from trees containing large nest about 60 ft. up. This was one of several Digga pines along small valley in otherwise chaparral-covered area.

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Cogswell 1948 Buteo lineatus Dec. 21: 4 mi. E, 1½ mi. S Oart Hueneme, Ventura Co., Calif. 1 adult flew from trees along Caspar Rd just E of Ventura Co. Game Preserve's barns, affording me a good view of its rich reddish "shoulders" + black & white primaries + secondaries in the instant before it disappeared around the buildings going toward a few trees out at edge of shooting ponds. I do not recall having seen this species in the Mugu area before.

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Cogswell 1948 Buteo swainsoni Oct. 16 - 2 mi south of Yountville, Napa Co., Calif. 1 in light phase plumage soaring over orchards and fields just W of hiway 29 and close enough so that I could see the light, unmarked area under leading 1/3 of wing.

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Cogswell 1949 Buteo regalis Dec. 11. mi. SE Hustine, Merced Co., Calif. Two individuals, both in light phase, were soaring at a height of 250-300 ft. over fields & marshes of SE part of Hustine Land & Cattle Co. (Club 14) land. one of them came close enough to us so that we saw the dark shank feathers of the adult, and the double row of dark spots on the (tips?) of the underlying coverts -- the rest of the underlying surface being almost entirely white. The base of the tail in both birds was white, gradually becoming slightly darker until the terminal strip band was definitely brown. They both showed white "flashes" at the base of the primaries also. In comparison with the many red-tails seen today, the rough legs also had a noticeably longer tail & narrower (longer?) wings.

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Cogswell 1948 Aquila chrysaetos Oct. 24 - San Pablo Reservoir, Contra Costa Co., Calif. an immature with broad white base of tail was first noticed over hills NE of lake (NW end) when it soared up sharply to avoid a red-tailed hawk which had swooped down toward it. The eagle was in sight for at least 15 minutes. See acct. of conflict under Buteo jamaicensis. Dec. 29 - 3 ½ mi. N, 2 mi. E of Santa Ynez Peak, in Santa Ynez Valley, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. a pair were soaring low over the river valley. Here, seemingly hunting along the bed or adjacent riparian growth. 1949 Feb. 5 - Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - 2 were soaring in small diameter, upward spirals almost over the peak (snow covered). They were veering occasionally as they came close to one another, as tho in preliminary courting actions (?). One was an immature with very prominent white wing patches a white base of tail; the other an adult with no apparent white apparent from 2 miles to the NE from where we were watching with binoculars. A 3rd bird, also an immature but less prominently marked, glided over us & on toward the peak (to join the other two ?).

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Cogswell 1949 Aquila chrysaetos 2 Feb. 22- 12 mi. SE of Livermore, Alameda Co., Calif. a single eagle, in adult (golden-headed) plumage was “playing” on the breeze over the ridge E of Arroyo Mocho. He would soar up to a considerable height, fold his wings so that the tips were in by the body & only the wrist area extended laterally, and then plummet downward several hundred feet —only to swerve up again for a repeat process. Sometimes he flapped about 12-15 rapid strokes toward the end of the up-glide. The weather was threatening, with dark clouds high over Mt. Hamilton to the south, & those same cloud banks being rift in several places over the area here, probably creating excellent up- drafts. This is the closest thing to real play I have ever seen in a hawk flying alone. - approx. 8 mi. along hwy US-50, NNE of Livermore 2 eagles in adult plumage soaring low over the hillsides, now showing green thru the brown. These were within 1 mile of each other, both obviously foraging. Dec. 11- 4 mi. SE Gustine Merced Co., Calif.- an eagle sailed & flapped @ low altitude over duck

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Logswell 1949 Aguila chrysaetos 3 Dec. 11 - 4 mi. SE Mustang, Merced Co., Calif. (cont'd) ponds & fields along E. border of the Mustang land & cattle Co. lands (Club 14) here. It finally put down its feet, showing very long feathers hanging from its legs (below the "heel"?) and alighted on the ground across a large pond from us. When we got out of the car it took off again, showing light color (white?? or golden?) about the head and much whitish irregularly distributed over the whole underwing surface, especially noticeable on the underwing coverts. This last character is so "Bald Eagle" like that I thought it likely was that species. However, Dr. Miller, called attention to the long leg feathers, expressing the idea that the Bald Eagle would not show such long ones. The light color at the head was not seen under light conditions good enough to determine it for sure. There was no obvious white at the base of the tail nor in the base of the primaries, such as a young Golden would show. [Specimens checked in MVZ — Golew have much more length on leg coverts, but Bald still shows some feathers below the heel. Underwing coverts not properly visible in most dried skins, but some Goldens apparently are much paler than others there. Immature Balgs tend to be paler & more smottled above than this bird was].

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Cogswell 1948 Circus cyaneus Nov.21 Upper Mahube Ranch, 7 mi. S & 1+mi W Kelseyville Lake Co., Calif. A single bird in immature (with reddish-brown breast) plumage flew south. south-westward over chaparral slopes above ranch house area. It circled a few times, but maintained an altitude of approximately 300 feet & passed on out of sight — apparently migrating. 1949 Mar.19 8+ mi. SW of Fairfield (along Hwy.12) Solano Co., Calif. 1 in ? plumage passed over highway at height of 60-70 ft. & went up over oak- glassland hillside.

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Cogswell 1948 Falco peregrinus Dec. 21. 4 mi. E, 1 1/2 mi. S. of Port Hueneme, Ventura Co., [illegible] in full adult plumage was perched in top of eucalyptus trees along Caspar Road. A turkey vulture was perched nearby in another tree top; when it took off it sailed close by the duck hawk which then flew -- but without either bird making any overt act toward the other.

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Cogswell 1949 Fallo columbarius Nov. 6 - 1/4 mi. W, 1/2 mi. N Newark Alameda Co., Calif. an immature plumaged bird sat on a 3-5" chunk of dead cow dung in a dry pasture along the road here as we drove by, backed up & looked at it. They 9x binoculars its light supercilary and light nuchal areas were easily seen; there were also two rows of brown edges (of scapulars?) prominent against the dusky brown of its general plumage as it faced away from us. As I got out of the car it turned around & I noted the dusky streaks of the under parts, and as it flew presently, the banked tail which had been covered by wing tips in the perched bird St alighted on another clod further down the pasture, but soon flew again to a fence post along the RR tracks between the pasture and Leslie's salt Co's salt ponds. Large flocks of blackbirds were flying about nearby farms — the only probable bird concentration attractive to this remark which I noted at this point except some few were pipits. But it chased nothing while we watched. This is the same location at which we see Burrowing owls regularly. Dec. 11. 3 1/2 mi. SE Gustine Merced Co., Calif. 1 ad. seen at range of 40 ft., as it perched on 1 fence post after another while it attempted to eat a Least Sandpiper (leg retrieved by me).

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Logswell 1948 Lophortyx californica Nov. 21 Lower Mahuke Ranch, 4 3/4 mi. S or 1 mi. W Kelseyville, Lake Co. Calif. 2 large coveys, totalling about 100 birds flushed from low chaparral (cheifly adenosoma) on ridge behind house & barn. This was far more quiet then were present at upper Ranch 5 miles to the south. The proximity to more abundant grassland may be a factor. Dec. 5 near Jewell Lake, Tiller Park, Contra Costa Co., NE of Berkeley, Calif. One covey of 13 (by my count, tho other observers differed) fed in open grassy & weedy areas along road S.E. of pond despite our standing in plain sight to watch them, perhaps 100 feet away Dr. A. H. Miller remarked that quail seem often to be thus less wild on rainy or cloudy days than on clear days. Perhaps it is some sort of different response, dependant upon whether their shadow is evident to them or not; i.e., the flight reaction would perhaps be set off at a lower threshold if the shadow were present. Another covey of 17 also seen under young eucalyptus along road near picnic tables. 1949 Mar. 5 - Tiller Regional Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. [see note under Accipiter cooperi]

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Cogswell 1949 Lophortyx california 2 May 7 - San Joaquin Experimental Range, alt. 1000', SSW of O'Neals Madera Co., Calif. The quail pairs are thicker here than any place I remember, although total population may not be above that in residential San Marino in 1943. At three places this morning I noted 2 pairs feeling amicably within 20 ft. of each other, or the 3rd of 1 pair simply watching without mak- ing any hostile move or giving any call. The hens here use boulders and fence posts as lookouts and are staying very close to the hen; as soon as she moves they fly or run close to her, either on another lookout or on the ground. An est. of 15 prs. was made for the area in small, flatish draw just S. of Headquarters and the 1st hill to South.

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Cogswell 1948 Phasianus colchicus Dec. 21 - 3 mi. E., 1½ mi. S of Port Hueneme, Ventura Co., Calif. - cock heard crowing once, though it was an odd crow: instead of the usual I notes there were at least 4 or 5, but still of the normal full-voice quality. The call came from a wide field with tall weeds & a few scattered willow trees along lowland ditch about 1 mi. from the ocean. 1949 Mar.20 - Gray Lodge Refuge, S.V. Butte Co., Calif. - of the total number seen here today (est. at 500) over half were flushed from the tall weeds of fields SE and E of refuge headquarters as about 18 of us engaged in a "drive" to flush all birds there in order to check for tagged 44 which were let out here a few days ago. I was surprised to see that after being driven some distance on the ground, & perhaps flushed once or twice, several took high flights about 50' up & well over all the drivers' heads. Some of the single flights observed were easily over 1/3 mile long. -M.C. Colusa Co., N. Yolo Co., Sacramento Valley, Calif - Journal

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Cogswell 1949 Brus canadensis Dec. 4 near Gray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. about 1 p.m. a flock of 30 cranes flew- over the south part of the refuge, calling loudly - a rattled but resonant "t-t-t-t-t- t-t-tt-t.tt-trooo. They sailed down toward the bare fields south of the refuge and apparently landed there. about 4:20-4:30 p.m., as we drove along the West Butte Road just NW of the Marysville Buttes, a flock of about 230 cranes was observed - some of them walking along the ground (short stubble field), others flying low over a knoll to another part of the flock. The gangly gait described for cranes in the literature was evident here, a notice- able to me on this (my's) first good view of a crane on the ground. at least 8 of the flock which was observed at the closest range were definitely smaller - about 1 ft. lower in over all height and therefore undoubtedly of the subspecies B.c. tabida. 1950 Jan. 22 4-5 ft., 9 mi. W, 3 mi. S Lodi, San Joaquin Co., Calif. (mid p.m.) A flock of about 800 (+ 50) were in corn stubble and pasture fields just N of the Whites Slough riparian woodland here. all the close ones appeared to be of about a size - and all large (B.c. canadensis?). Many were in full gray adult plumage, only a few with much brown.

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Cogswell 1948 Rallus longirostris Oct. 31— Bay Farm Id., Alameda, Alameda Co., Calif. One rounded a pile of 3 logs in salicornia marsh along NE side of Island Road and skulked along from path of vegetation to another not over 50 ft. from us for a few moments. Dr. Miller squeaked slightly and it hurried around to far side of logs from us and out into salicornia there. Five of us then set out to flush it; but despite the fact that we tramped all the way across the salicornia area (a distance here of about 150 ft.) twice in fanned-out formation we did not see the bird again.

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Logswell 1948 Porzana carolina Dec 5 - Javell L, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co, NE of Berkeley, Calif. one seen feeding in narrow area at edge of cat tails by old boat (from which others have watched both this sp. and G. limicola). Another [or someone] seen at a full 10 feet from cat tails at S. end (inlet) of pond, where it foraged near the wilson's snipe. It soon went back into the cat tails, however, leaving the snipe out there alone.

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Cogswell 1949 Gallinula chloropus Feb.5 - 3 to 4 mi. E of Woodland, Yolo Co., Calif. - an adult (with red bill, at least) seen first on the shoulder of the highway (which is here on top of a rather high dike). When we backed up to a point opposite it, the bird ran down the bank, thru the edge (only!) of a patch of cat-tails in the deep ditch & up the other side of the ditch, where it skulked along still in the open despite the nearby cat-tail patch easily large enough to hide a dozen gallinules. Strange behavior for a bird usually so secretive. No body of water nearby here, either. Dec.11 - Gustine Land & Cattle Co. (Club 14), S.E. of Gustine, Merced Co., Calif. The number of this species seen here is quite amazing — for a bird formerly listed as “rare in winter”. I estimate that we saw at least 30 during the a.m. — all of them running or swimming toward or near tall cat-tails & tule borders water-filled ditches. As many as 3 were in sight at a time; most of those seen had bills of dusky or only slightly reddish color — but one was in full adult color (bright red with yellow tip).

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Cogswell 1949 Charadrius hiaticula Apr. 23 - N.W. end of Bay Farm Rd., Alameda, Alameda Co., Calif. - of some 300 or more well scattered on the higher firmer parts of the mud-flat here, a great many are in full nuptial plumage with black breast & head markings, bright orange feet and basal part of bill. These birds show antagonism toward any other plovers coming near; & several, when once excited thus, set up calling a series of: "yip - - yip - - - - yip - - - - yip - - " str., or halfway between that and: "whip - - whip - - - - whip - - - whip", occasionally this would be speeded up into a shrill trill: o o o oooooooooooooo yip yip yip yipyipyipyipyip! all of these notes are given by birds with heads lowered, facing any bird coming near. A few rushes toward the oncoming bird were noted, and once a nuptial-plumaged bird rushed a dull-plumaged (= imm.?) bird without apparent provocation. [at home: I note that Hoffman describes this behavior & describes the note as "chii" repeated & "ending with a whining"].

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1949 Cagwell June 26 Charadrius alexandrinus 1 1 ¾ mi. S. mouth of Salinas River, Monterey Co., Calif. On the landward side of the dunes separating an [illegible] lagoon from the ocean here, there is an area about 200 x 300 ft. which is flatter than most of the dunes & relatively harder packed (see) sand, with the hummocks covered with beach grasses and/or [illegible]. A pair of birds of this species centered their activities in about a 100 x 150 ft. portion of this area, including a short stretch of [crossed out] muddy shore of the lagoon. After watching the adults fly & return to the same section several times, we finally spotted 1 downy young high-tailing it away from us. The ads. followed; but when we did also, the young was nowhere to be found. The ? bird had definitely blacker head & breast markings than the ? [sexes assumed thereby] altho not noticeably so at a distance. Both adults gave an occasional low, muffled "brt" or "guit" call note as they flew over or near us. [This apparently corresponds to the "krrr" reported by Hoffman, 1927] - Mouth of Salinas River, Monterey Co., Calif. 1 adult flushed by 2 dogs from sandy shore of river, here a brackish lagoon blocked off from ocean by dune sand-bar. It gave a in slightly different, doubled note, perhaps = fly to Hoffmans "too-teet".

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Cogswell 1948 Charadrius vociferous Nov.7 4 mi.'s.w. of Palo Alto, San Mateo co., Calif. 4 flushed (in pairs) from dry grazed hillside between San Francisquito Creek (now dry here) and Sandhill Road. They apparently foraged only in small area where considerable bare ground showed due to local over-grazing. 1949 Mar.20 - Gray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte co., Calif. - at least 4 nests with eggs were found by our group while hiking along gravelled roads in central part of refuge. Two had 4 eggs, 1 only 1 egg (which was warm, however) and the other I failed to count. all the nests were mere hollows in the gravel either right in, or just at the edge of one of the "tracks" in the roadway. all the adult birds which were seen were strangely silent for being so near their nests -- perhaps because of the size of the invading group? Photo taken of 1st nest found. Apr.23 - N.W. end of Bay Farm Isd., Alameda, Alameda co., Calif. a pair here, on the "mussel-filled" area near east limits of Alameda city, were very vociferous when a group of 12 or so invaded what is probably their nesting grounds. - in contrast to the above.

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1948 Eupoda montana Dec.20 - 19 mi. S. Mendota, Fresno Co., Calif. a flock estimated at well over 100 was scattered over the barren flats west of highway 33. They are so pale brown that they just about match the bare earth and are extremely difficult to see until the run a few steps — which they do every few minutes or less. A few of them flew away from the road as we stopped, but the whole flock was not alarmed. They were silent during the few minutes we watched. - 21 mi. S. Mendota, Fresno Co., Calif. an even larger flock (150+) on similar terrain here stretched away as far as I could pick them out with 9x binoculars. Each bird averaged a good 70-100 ft. from another. A smaller number of [illegible] larks were also feeding in the same area. What these birds find to eat here I can't see, altho I suppose there are small insects. We found a dead millipede by the roadside at the last locality — nothing at all here. The only vegetation is an extremely scanty (small fraction of 1%) growth of dried up herbs.

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Cogswell 1948 Arenaria melanocephala Dec. 15 - Moss Beach, San Mateo Co., California 2:10 P.M. - a flock of about 20 foraged actively along sea-weed covered rocks at water's edge. Tide was, about 1/2 way out.

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1948 Capella gallinago Oct. 31 W. end of Bay Farm Rd., Alameda, Alameda Co., Cal. (16:05 P.) 2 were flushed repeatedly from area of scattered Salicornia clumps and muddy pools of what must be nearly completely salt water. They flew at about 30-50 ft., usually in quite direct line for snipe, & called “scarpe” frequently. Many hunters were around; but the snipe once dropped to ground very close to 2 men with guns who were walking along dike. see next page

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Cogswell 1948 Capella gallinago 2 Nov.27 - Jewell Lake, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. NE of Berkeley, Calif. Two were feeding in the open on a muddy point near old boat on west shore. They were unaware or unconcerned of our presence some 200 feet away on open N. end of lake. Dec.5 One was probing in wider muddy area at inlet (South) end of pond. It was feeding thus in the open when we went by on the E shore and still there when we came back by some 20-30 min. later. It was just as unconcerned as those on Nov.27. 1949 Jan.30 - ¼ mi from Muir Beach, along Highway #1, Marin Co., Calif. - A group of 15+ were feeding in very wet pasture. They sank their bills into the mud by a series of short rapid thrusts -- as tho they had to work their way be- tween the grass roots. The dark bars on the flanks showed much more conspicuously below the folded wing than indicated in Peterson's new "Eastern Guide".

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Cogswell 1948 Numerius americanus Nov. 7 - 2 mi. S, 1 mi. E of Alvarado, Alameda Co., Calif. 4 foraging like chickens in dry stubble field which had been pastured. Nearest mud- flats perhaps a mile, probably somewhat more to the westward.

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Cogswell 1949 Totanus flavipes Dec. 11 - 90 ft., 3 ½ mi. SE Suisun, Merced Co., Calif. 3 [illegible] alighted among a flock of Red-backed Sandpipers, which were feeding in the shallow water at the edge of a duck pond here. They were spaced out about 20 - 40 ft. from each other, foraged for only a minute or two and then the 3 of them took off again (without the rest of the shorebirds being disturbed) while they were in view in the water we were afforded good views of their size (body very nearly equal to the Snipe) and smallness of bill (decidedly thinner & shorter than that of Greater Yellow-legs, which was just across the corner of the pond at the time).

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goswell 1949 Catoptrophorus semipalmatus June 29. Pacific Grove, Monterey Co., Calif. 2 standing on rocks along shore of Monterey Bay w. of Cabrillo Pt. at 5:40 p.m. what were probably the same birds were seen by Besie & Denis Cogswell at about 4:00 p.m. in the same location. The plumage was a mixture of breeding & winter ones". head - dark brown (apparently finely streaked) neck & throat - lighter, streaks coarser underparts - barred irregularly along sides, center of breast & belly with no evident bars. back - grayish (apparently smooth) upper wing coverts - brown (in folded wing) flight feathers - black & white, as usual. The birds were studied at a range of about 50 ft. with 9x binoculars; 1 bird opened a wing briefly.

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Cogswell 1948 Erolia minutilla Oct. 31 - Bay Farm Id., Alameda, Alameda Co., Calif. (see entry under Erolia alpina regarding zone of foraging). Dec. 30 - Beach opposite South end of Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. - a single flock estimated to contain 150 individuals (all checked for being this sp. & not E. mauri) seems rather unusual a number for a pure sandy beach. [see, by contrast Ereunetes mauri.] 1949 Feb. 13 - Greenbrae, Marin Co., Calif. - a flock of about 250 (plus 1 Ereunetes mauri) were standing on the ice of a shallow water area (presumably fresh water) at the edge of the marsh along road toward Ross. Some of them moved about on the ice, a few slipping and recovering position by rapid wing fluttering. Others came in to join the flock while we watched. Tide high in nearby bay at this time. Apr. 23 - N.W. end of Bay Farm Id., Alameda, Alameda Co., Calif. - Sur- prisingly few, even around the usually favored fringes of the Salcomia. Only 2 seen at such edge going out from Island Rd. to mud flat; a diligent search among hordes of E. mauri there revealed NONE.

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1948 Erolia alpina Oct. 31 - Bay Farm Rd., Alameda, Alameda Co., Calif. 14:30 - 15:10 - as 8 of us stood on sandy point just E. of boardwalk to bay (San Leandro) shore from Doe- little Drive (E. of bridge from Alameda) a great flight of shorebirds, mostly peeps, moved up the bay toward feeding grounds at west of us now being uncovered by tide. Red- backs seem to be about the commonest species. Flock after flock swept past us, sometimes solely red-backs, but often with smaller admixture of western & least sandpipers. a guess of at least 4000 red-backs does not seem too wild, as several flocks definitely estimated at 500 - 800 each were seen. When mixed flocks of peeps finally settled to feed near us, a definite zoning of sizes was evident, tho with some overlaps: red-backed - in water or on edge of mud just exposed. western - at edge of water or on very wet mud. least - almost entirely above water, line, and usually on mud al. ready starting to dry a little. Nov. 7 - Dumbarton Bridge (E. approach), Alameda Co., Calif. This species by far the commonest shorebird along roadway - many hundred seen.

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Cogswell 1948 2 Erolia alpina Nov. 25 E. shore San Francisco Bay, S.E. part of Richmond, Contra Costa Co., to Fleming Point, Alameda Co. This species by far the commonest shore bird here. Total numbers on mud flats visible from main highway were estimated at 6200 (compared to somewhat less than 4000 Least & somewhat more than 4000 Westerns). 1949 Apr. 22 - same locality : - relatively few now; those seen (5+) during 15 min. drive along highway all showed some black on belly. Apr. 23 N.W. end Bay Farm Rd., Alameda Co., Calif. - relatively few here too; all seen had black, or at least bluish, on belly & some show red back also.

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Cogswell 1948 Ereunetes mauri Oct. 31 - Bay Farm Id., Alameda, Alameda Co., Calif. (See entry under Enola algeira regarding foraging). Dec. 30 - Beach opposite S. end of Morris Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. - only 2 molivicolis in 1/2 hours walk up the beach, & there were fully 150 Least Sandpipers nearby — a reverse of the usual ratio of these two species on a sandy beach. 1949 Apr. 22 - base of St. Isabel to N. end of Golden Gate Fields racetrack, Contra Costa & Alameda Cos., Calif. Massed flocks, far outnumber all other shorebirds. Estimated 20,000 + near highway at high tide. Most are showing rusty on head, back; a few still rather gray. Apr. 23 - N.W end of Bay Farm Id., Alameda Co., Calif. — altho outnumbered by Dowithers along Oodittle Drive at ebb tide, this species is by far the most common on the broad flats NW of Island Rd. & Martland Drive now at noon (nearing low tides). I estimate 1 bird every 2 square yards of exposed mud — and they are so scattered all across to the dike along edge toward S.J. Bay proper. Some of the distant specks, of course, may be E. minutilla or E. algeira; but certainly most are this species. Only a few were seen in the up- turned tail threatening actions noted in spring. Some still show grayish cast to upperparts. [From map area of this region my est. of nos. here would be 374,400 !!! birds — perhaps too high]

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1949 Cogswell Recurvirostra americana June 26 - Lagoon just (1/3 - 7/3 mi.) S. mouth of Salinas River, Monterey Co., Calif. A breeding colony non-total of about 100 adults here. The lagoon is bordered on the N & NE by sparse, low Salic icornia flats in which Forster's Terns are nesting - where the Avocets probably did. 1 pair of Avocets seen herding two small, but already

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Phalaropus fulicarius Cogswell 1949 May 21 - Dumbarton Bridge, Alameda Co., Calif. a flock of 21 were on the salt pond just N. of the road and closest to the open bay at about 10:15 a.m. They were feeding by jabs here & there at the surface - without whirling. The whole flock flew a short distance & re-commenced feeding meanwhile swimming rapidly back toward their original position. At this time I had the closest view of them: - about 1/2 had the whole back smooth gull gray" The other 1/2 had some of it smooth gray & some (especially nearest the bend of the wing & on the scapulars) dusky. - hind-neck was narrowly blackish (much darker than Peterso's plate indicates) - top of head Dusky to blackish thru eye - forehead white - bill shorter & stouter than "needle-like" but no yellow base noted.

Cogswell 1949 Larus occidentalis July 17. OT. Lobos, Monterey Co., Calif. - many 3/5 to 3/4 grown young roaming about the upper slopes of the nearer bird islands off the south shore of the peninsula. Several of them pecked at the bills of adult gulls near them, but I saw none actually being fed. The short tail of even the 3/4 grown ones gives them a dumpy appearance. The general tone of their plumage is decidedly darker, especially about the head & breast, than that of the "immature" (probably 1yr. old) gulls now frequenting Monterey Bay. Several of the juvenile gulls here today were trying their wings, but none were seen to fly.

Cogswell 1948 Larus californicus Nov. 3. University of Calif., Berkeley, Alameda C., Calif. 17:45 - During sunny period after the rains of yesterday and this morning there must have been a crop of insects of some kind come out on the lawns. About 8 gulls of this species were walking rapidly across the steep lawn N. of West Entrance and making sudden lunges to one side or the other after the insects (?) in the grass. Nov. 4 - 07:50 - a similar group foraging similarly just inside West Entrance. [The attraction for these birds later found to be probably earthworms].

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Cogswell 1949 Larus canus Jan.30. Lagoon, Bolinas Marin Co., Calif. - very common here today - fully 1/3 of all the gulls resting on the W. Shore were this sp. -- an estimated total of 300-400 short-billed.

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Cogswell 1948 Larus philadelphia Nov. 7 Dunbarton Bridge (E. approach), Alameda Co., Calif? almost the only species of gull present. Several score, if not hundred, noted as we drove. The change in population being contrasted sharply with September.

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Cogswell 1948 Larus heermanni 1 Oct. 10 - San Pedro Point and Princeton, San Mateo Co., Calif. all birds of this species seen today (20+ total) were in the smooth gray, dark-headed plumage (= 2nd year birds ?). 1949 June 26 - Pescadero Point, Monterey Co., Calif. - many (100+) flying W -> N around point in early AM., all those seen being in full ad. plumage; as most of the few seen last week at Pacific Grove have been.

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1948 Larus pipixcan Dec 27 - Recreation Gun Club, Venice, Los Angeles Co., Calif. A small gull, slightly larger than Bonapartes and smaller than Short-billed, was squatting on bare ground at outer lagoon by this oil Co. entrance off Washington Blvd. It showed a smooth brown upper wing surface (coverts), blackish brown primaries, light gray back white breast and neck, white head with dark collar over hind part of crown extending to becoming really black in area just back of eye. There were prominent white crescents (feathers) on both eye-lids. Bill dusky, with only a slight downward curve at top. At first I thought it might be another Laughing Gull, (1 of which we saw in So Calif. in 1946) but it seemed much whiter -- and I find that it fits the description of an immature Franklin's very close, but that no mention is made of the smooth, even brown of the wing coverts. I got out of the car & walked slowly toward the flock of gulls there (which con- tained many Bonapartes & fewer of Short- billed, Ring-billed, Calif's., & Westerns) until they flew. The Franklin's took off, showing a white tail basally & laterally, with dusky sub-terminal band shaped

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1948 Sarus pipixcan 2 Dec.27 (cont.) - about this: outer rectrix all white so far as we could tell. next one with narrowed dark area narrow terminal white. After the bird circled around & into good light where we could see that it was pure white all over the underparts, and Together with more white on the tail I knew it was not a Laughing Gull for sure. Eventually it landed again on a dike by the old Ballona creek channel, and Ralph Mall stayed to watch it while I went to got Mrs. Stulty, who came up from 2 miles away to see it. It was still on the dike & we all checked it over again thoroughly. The bill seems shaped about thus: Upon flushing it again, we noted its dull reddish-bushy legs & feet, & that the right leg hung down at about a 45° angle throughout its flight, which explains its always resting on its belly when on the ground. This time we approached to within about 30 feet of it before it flew.

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1949 Sterna forsteri June 26. Lagoon just S. (1/3 - 7/3 mi.) of mouth of Salinas River, Monterey Co., Calif. A nesting colony of an estimated 125 pairs -- as judged from 250+ adults in air screaming at me while I was there. The site is on three small points on the N. shore of the lagoon which is cut off from the ocean by low dunes and from the river by about 1/3 mile of hay-fields and dune-shrubland. The points are dotted with low, scattered Salicornia (which is denser at greater distance from the water). I only investi-gated one point closely, & found such density there that I left without completely census-ing it. In a space of about 100 x 100 feet, however, I noted 25 or more nests, varying in contents from 0 to 1 & 2 & 3 eggs -- several with dead young in or near them. At least 10 dead young were seen, from tiny downy ones up to one with back feathers fairly well out + primaries part funk [illegible] thus sheaths. None were seen to be eaten or mangled, though 1 addled egg was broken into. One tiny young, still alive, huddled in Salicornia at edge of a nest; and 1 large young swam the ooze between the points & disappeared among the Salicornia bushes. No reason other than the accessibility of the site to predator disturbance by human prowlers would seem to account for the situation as is. Call notes given by the terns were as follows: 1. "tuck ---- tuck, tuck" (irregularly repeated) 2. "keargh" or "waugh". (scolding note,

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Cogswell 1949 Sterna forsteri 2 June 26 (cont.) " -- mouth of Salinas River, Monterey Co., Calif. (given both when I was far off within colony) 3.- a nasal "ga-a-agh" - perhaps a modi- fication of #2. (given also as an alarm note) 4: "keek - keer - keer - keer-keer" or preceded by shorter "tic" ---- { (given by single birds flying in toward me from distance; but not while I was in the nesting area; significance?).

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Cogswell 1948 Sterna hirundo 1 Oct. 10. Princeton, San Mateo Co., Calif. observed an immature (either this sp. or Sterna paradisea) at close range as it flew up and down and dove just beyond lines extending from fishing poles along the pier. Blackish nape and side of head, dusky primaries from above, dark brown leading edge of wing to beyond bend, and even the dark outer web of outer rectrices were all noted; the bill was reddish at base and seemed too heavy for paradisea; rump & most of tail pure white.

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Cogswell 1948 Thalasseus maximus Dec. 30 ocean beach opposite S. end of Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. - 1 flew up and down over the breakers in front of me for some time. I had many excellent views of it with 9x binoculars, noting fairly heavy red (only) bill, narrow border of black on anterior edge of wing-tip, forked tail, shaggy hind crest on nape.

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Cogswell 1949 Columba fasciata Feb.6 - 4 to 6 miles S of Marysville, Yuba Co. Calif. Flocks of 10 to 50 each, totaling an estimate 150 birds, flew over in early AM - all headed westward toward the Feather River. Mr. Ralph Baker, prof. of Botany at Yuba City Jr. College, whom we saw in Marysville, said that they are not of regular occurrence in this valley region but have probably been driven down from the oak foothills by the heavy snows there. - Yuba City to Live Oak (10 mi.), Sutter Co., Calif. as we drove along hi-way U.S. 99E here, a number of small flocks were seen - also headed west. - approx 3 mi W. of Bennington, Sutter Co., Calif. close view of 5 perched in leafless orchard trees about 1/2 mile from oak - grassland area at N. base of [illegible] Buttes.

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Cogswell 1948 Zenaidura macroura Nov.7 - 4 mi. W.S.W. of Palo Alto, San Mateo Co., Calif. A flock of 6 flushed from ground on dry grassy gentle hill slope with scattered oak trees -- not unlike area in which they winter commonly in East Pasadena, Los Angeles County, Calif. There was seen a sprinkling of turkey mulein plants here too, which is one of their favorite foods according to Jepson. (Eriocarpus setigerus p. 395, "Manual of Flowering Plants of Calif.") Dec.21 - State Elk Preserve, just N.W. of Tupman, Kern Co., Calif. 5 perched in dead willow tree at edge of canal where elk were grazing. These are the first we have seen anywhere since leaving Berkeley & coming here via Melroy, Los Baños & down the W. side of the valley. 1949 Mar.20 - Gray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. about 20 seen, in groups of 2 to 6, all flushed from roadways near Headquarters area or flying over. Cooking was regular at 6:00 A.M. when I got up & continued until some time after sunrise -- but was heard only a few times during rest of A.M. 1950 Jan.27 - Atascadero Lake, Atascadero, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. about 200 flushed from weedy roadside brush facing the sun. They fled in series up to nearby oak trees.

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Coigswell 1949 Geocoryx Californianus Dec. 19 about 5 mi NE King City Monterey Co., Calif. As we drove down thru the foothills along the San Benito - King City road a roadrunner trotted across the road in front of us, as the car bore down upon it, the bird spread its wings, s, still running, took to the air, flapped about three times and gained sufficient alti- tude to clear a 1½ ft. embank- ment along the road, beyond which it sailed downhill out of our sight. This bird demon- strated that it could use flapping flight to gain at least a little altitude when once under way in the air.

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Glaucidium gromae 1 May 8 SW side of Bass Lake, 3500' alt., Madera Co., Calif. altho I listened for owls last night, I heard none until this morning at sunrise. [scribble] I was scouting the N. facing slope above our camp site about 5:50 AM when I heard a few "hoop" calls from the base of the ridge across the canyon. [scribble] The calls kept on in very indeterminate fashion for some time: - - - - - - -> <- - - - - Then with long pauses before starting in again, as I approached I began whistling & the calls became this regular slow sequence given by this species: -whup- -whup- -whup- -whup- -whup- at about 1½ sec. intervals. As I came up close to where it was calling the sun [scribble] shine on the ground beneath the owl, which was soon found perched about 80 ft. up in yellow pine. As I whistled, the bird flew to another tree some 300 ft. away and perched at similar height. It returned calling when I did & soon came back again. This was repeated 3 or 4 times, always be- tween the same 2 trees, but once it stopped off in the top of a black oak half-way along. Darl Bowers came up from camp & both of us saw the bird fairly well, though not from above. I could see the sharply streaked breast and the yellow eyes clearly, however.

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Cogswell 1950 Megaceryle alcyon Jan. 27: Atascadero L., 1 mi. S Atascadero, San Luis Obispo Co., Cal. One was foraging over the lake here by the hover method, the water level being so low that no trees or other perches were available above it. The bird hovered at an unusually high position, about 80-100 ft. up, and re- eated the 8-10 second hoverings at 7 or 8 different positions before returning to a perch in an oak tree well up from shore. It made no dives during this extended fo- raging and was silent until it neared its perch, when it gave a brief rattling cry.

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Cogswell 1950 Aëronantes saxatilis Apr. 4 Univ. of Calif., 250 ft, Berkeley, Calif. - 1 flying with the numerous Cliff Swallows about the upper part of Life Sciences Building.

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Cogswell 1948 Calyptrana Oct. 8 1700 block Walnut St., Berkeley, Calif. 1 P.M. I heard singing repeatedly in residential area where stocks, petunias, a few snap- dragons, and hibiscus were in bloom. 2:30 P.M. I heard singing from trees in S. end of Oxford St. Experiment Tract — about 2 short blocks from the above (possibly the same bird?). 1

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Cogswell 1949 Selasphorus sasin Mar. 13 Upper Strawberry Canyon (N. facing slope), Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. There are at least 3's of this species holding territory along the road which continues beyond end of Panoramic way. Each one defended 1 or more bushes of Ribes sanguineum which are now in full bloom. One of them drove off a trespassing ? Selasphorus rufus by repeated surges after him. Both this one and others were seen in the "muptial" flight of this type. and at least 1 definitely identified (by green back) as S. sasin was seen to perform a different type: reverse repeat 2 or 3 times screaming sound along here.

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Cogswell 1949 Stellula calliope Apr. 10 Jambone Ranger Station, 3400' alt., just W. Jambone Creek, Travumne Co., Calif. A male was seen performing a nuptial flight over the willow tree next to cabin. The arc described was about 30 ft. from top to bottom (about 10 times), and shaped thus: U, then reversed. The course followed on the downsweep was steady, but there was a distinct wavering on the up-hill side, especially toward the end. Instead of the "raspberry" sound which I recall as given by this sp. in San Gabriel Mtns. of southern California, this one emitted a strained, whining-like sound as it neared and passed the bottom of the curve. According to Jack Woolstenhulme there was a 7 hummer perched on the willow at the time the S was performing; but I did not see her until she flew over to the tree over our heads and buzzed around the cathins as though gathering nest material. She was very small, undoubtedly this species.

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Cogswell 1949 Megacerule aliyon Jan.30 Bolinas Bay Marin Co., Calif.- 5 counted in driving from Stinson Beach N. along the east shore of bay, all of them were perched on the telephone cable line which runs along over the water near the shore. one of them was seen with a fish, apparently as long as its bill, which it dropped in attempting to swallow it. The bird then dove into the water a few feet from where the fish hit — but came up with nothing.

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Cogswell 1948 Colaptes auratus Nov. 27 - Jewell L., Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. NE of Berkeley, Calif. one definitely yellow. shafted flicker flew up (from ground?) some where near w end of dam and alighted in matter leafless oak on hillside to N. In attempting to get into position where I could see head markings on it, I flushed it again - and did not see appearance of it afterwards. Presence of yellow was easily compared with several true red. shafted also in same area at same time (one even in same tree) Since I didn't see head markings, however, it could have been an extremely delicate example of C. cafer, tho more likely this sp.

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Coquell 1949 Colaptes cafer Feb.22-Uniondd. o Honker Lake Tracts, western San Joaquin Co., Calif. - a seemingly unusual number of flickers were far out in the open fields here today. at least 20-25 flew up from the roadsides (especially where road built on dikes) at points where no trees were within a 1/2 mile radius. Many of them would fly out across the flat fields & alight on a clod of earth! Apr.24- Arroyo Tracho, "wash", 1 1/2 mi. SE. of Livermore, Alameda Co., Calif. one flushed from hole in Sycamore; the nest (?) hole being on the "downdhill" side of a slanting dead stub - about 10 ft. above ground.

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Cogswell 1949 Dryocopus colubrinus pileatus along Hopland Road Mar.6. Keithley Ranch, 3 mi. S. of Lakeport, Lake Co., Calif. Southward one flew over oak woodland foothills & alighted in snag of partly dead oak on small knoll just S. of road. It was calling a loud "keek", "keek" irregularly as it flew and for a time after alighting. When I looked a few minutes later the bird was gone. [ - altitude here is ft.

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Cogswell 1948 Asyndesmus Lewisii Oct. 16 - 1 mi. S. of Oakville, Napa Co., Calif. an immature watched for several minutes as it flew out after passing insects several times from the top of a telephone pole. The location was a mixture of oaks, orchard trees, and grassland. This is the first I have ever seen in this plumage: bronzy black upperparts as in adult but with no gray nuchal collar and no red on face. The underparts were grayish, slightly tinged with pink. 1949 Feb. 9 - 2 ½ mi. N & 1 mi. W of Walnut Creek, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - 1 on telephone pole along roadside, a few scattered oaks are in the vicinity, many new houses. This bird shows a prominently light gray upper breast con- trasting with (but not abruptly demarcated) rosy belly.

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Cogswell 1948 Balanophora formicivora Dec. 5 Wildeat C., near Canyon Dr. entrance to Tilken Park, Contra Costa Co., NE of Berkeley, Calif. One flew from trunk of young oaks & uphill to E (toward eucalyptus grove). Dr. A.H. Miller remarked that it must be a wandering bird, since this locality has no resident population of this species, being too much within the coastal fog belt.

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Cogswell 1948 Sphyrapicus varius Nov. 7 2 mi. WSW of Palo Alto, San Mateo Co., Calif. I came flying overhead from more densely treed slope south of San Francisquito Creek into scattered large oaks just N. of the creek. I followed it up and saw it fly twice, noting red head & upper breast and large white wing patch. One of Quercus agrifolia trees from which it flew had at least 50 rings of old borings on it.

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Cogswell 1948 Dendrocoptus pubescens Dec.21 - State Elk Preserve, Trupman, Kern Co., Calif. The characteristic descending "whining" call of this species heard in willows along Canal just NE of Trupman. A light drum- ming also heard a few minutes later probably came from the same bird. This is rather early for drumming to begin - - the weather can hardly be called spring like either! 1949 Apr. 10 - Jawbone Ranger Sta. 3400' alt., just W. of Jawbone Creek, Tuolumne Co., Calif. A ? seen at close range, as it worked over a leafless black oak tree near the cabin. It called occasionally, but during a 10-15 min. period gave no evidence of nesting. Compared to southern California impression, this is pretty high, both in altitude & in habitat (border of yellow pine forest) for this species.

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Tyrannus verticalis May 7 San Joaquin Experimental Range, alt. 1000', SSW of O'Neals, Madera Co., Calif. one pair with nest about 18 ft. up in outer branches of Quercus douglasii tree by headquarters according to Bill Keller, who climbed the tree, the nest con- tained young birds — but they must have been very small for the parents came in and fed them very quickly & spent much time brooding. A third and ? fourth kingbird across the road in small orchard caused much interference — this pair flying the 75 yards or so to do frequent noisy chases after the others.

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Cogswell 1949 Sayornis nigricans Apr. 24: Arroyo Mocho "wash", 4± mi. SE Livermore Alameda Co., Calif. A pair here have nest within a barn. It is situated on side of a beam in the "cellar" of the barn, which is open to the outside by about 6 windows. I climbed thru one of these, & by standing on a bucket could just reach in the nest, which contained one egg.

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Cogswell 1948 Cremophila alpestris Dec. 21 - Carrizo Plain in Southeastern San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. By far the commonest bird in this wide expanse of bare earth. 3 large flocks were estimated at 1500, 500, & 500, respectively -- but there was such a lot of circling about when they were all in the air that it was very difficult to judge numbers. Dec. 27 - ½ mi. W. of intersection of Lincoln Blvd. & Sepulveda bluds, near Los Angeles airport, L.A. Co., Calif. - Flock estimated at 600, doing a lot of chasing about over field with low stubble and slight new growth of annuals (less than 1 inch high). Some were in 2's & 3's performing very rapid & close chases low over the ground with erratic twists & occasional sudden upward swoops. A few songs were heard from birds on the ground. The courting season is apparently beginning here.

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Tachycineta thalassina May 7 - San Joaquin Experimental Range, alt. 1000', Madera Co., Calif. one (or 2?) adults were carrying nest material in small wisps into a cavity on the under side of a horizontal limb of Quercus douglasii about 15 feet up. The bird(s) would swoop in thru branches of tree canopy and past the bigger limbs & out again when we were too close; but several times one was seen to go directly into the hole without perching at the rim: limb of tree We could not reach the cavity & do not know how extensive it was within the limb. It was undoubtedly of woodpecker origin, as were 4 or 5 other holes higher up on main, nearly vertical trunks of tree.

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logswell 1948 Iridioproene bicolor Dec. 21 - 4-5 mi. E. 1 ½ mi. S. of Port Hueneme Ventura Co. Calif. about 15 were flying over shooting ponds of the Mueria Game Preserve (a gun club) on Caspar Rd. A few are apparently wintering despite the recent severe cold weather. 1949 Mar 6 Keithley Ranch, 3 mi. S. of Lakeport, Lake Co. Calif. at least 5 flew about over ranch headquarters, farms & nearby fields for several minutes at about 8:30, but then disappeared to the N. I think they were migrants just flying enroute [many other swallows sp? were seen during day]. One also over farm pond near Hopland Road.

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powell 1949 aphelocoma coerulescens 1. May 7 San Joaquin Experimental Range, 1000' alt., SSW of O'Neals, Madera Co., Calif. Several pairs in vicinity of headquarters. A nest was discovered in olive tree in courtyard of building where most of the men in class slept last night. The birds were quiet gong coming -- until some of us climbed the tree to inspect the nest and even then their scolding was mild. The nest was about 15 ft. up, in crotch of branches 1 to 3" thick, in rather open spot for Jay's nest. It held 1 nestling in bursting pinfeathers and (according to Bruce Brown) 2 eggs as well. Dr. Pitelka thinks the 2 sterile eggs a small clutch of 3 total may be due to low fertility in 1st year 4.

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Cogswell 1948 Corvus corax Dec.20. approx. 21 mi. S. Mendota, Fresno Co., Calif. a flock (or perhaps I should say an aggregation) of about 80 was on the ground near hi. tension lines until we drove up. They did not appear to be feeding, & the country is so barren I don't see what there would be for so many to eat anyway. [See also in journal, reference to this sp. and golden Eagle]. Dec.21. Carrizo Plain, southeastern San Luis Obispo Co., Calif.: 163 seen (by actual count) during our drive from point where [illegible] road from McKittrick comes out on the alluvial fan on east side of the valley to SE end of the plain. The largest group seen "together" was 50 — at a ranch house, where some were walking about among chickens not more than 20 ft. from some of outlying ranch buildings & certainly within gunshot range of the house!

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Cogswell 1948 Corvus brachyrhynchos 1. Oct. 16 - 1 1/2 mi. S. of St. Helena, 250'+, Napa Co., Calif. Block of 36 flew east across hi- way 29 at a height of about 300 feet in early P.M. -- approximately 2 mi. S. of Novato -- Marin Co., Calif. a close flock of at least 80 birds were feeding on some sort of insects which they frequently chased by a quick step or two to the side. This was in dry stubble field at inland edge of plain sloping up from salt water estuary. They were accompanied by a small flock of Euphagus cyanocephalus and agelaius phoeniceus. Nov. 21 Upper Lake Ranger Station, Lake Co., Calif. a straggling flock of about 50 birds flew up from field area W of upper lake & went off to the NE just before sunrise. (morning flight of blackbirds in different direction: - see agelaius phoeniceus & Euphagus cyanocephalus).

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Cogswell 1948 Parus rufescens No. 27— Jewell L., Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., NE of Berkeley, Calif. one heard, and finally seen well enough to see lead patches of dark & white, in willows just S. of pond. Dec. 5 one heard calling “zw-eep” repeatedly from near the same spot as above. Dr. Miller called it down close, by imitating its notes & “squeaking,” to where all of us had a good view of it from all sides.

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Cogswell 1948 Darus inornatus Oct. 8 N. of Life Sciences Bldg., Univ. of Calif. Berkeley which had been calling repeatedly from broad leaved trees was once seen flycatching out to a point some 20-30 feet from the upper canopy of the trees. 1949 Apr. 1 - 55 Canyon Rd., S. side lower Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. - one carrying nesting material into a (natural?) cranny 5 ft. up on N. side of trunk of a 15-20 ft. Sambucus tree by water hydrant at this address. The nest site is well shaded by dense live oak canopy. A J titmouse sang nearby. Apr. 24 - Arroyo Mocha, SE. Livermore, Alameda Co., Calif. a pair are making frequent visits to a cavity in the heartwood of broken off limbs of Quercus douglasii about 10 ft. up, though whether carrying anything in bell I could not determine. The spot is at 8.70 mi. marker (from junction of Mines & Tesla Rdls.) - about 10 mi. SE. of Livermore., at alt. of . This species' song was the most frequent bird voice heard all the way from the lower wash to well up on final slope of Mt. Hamilton itself.

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1948 Chamaea fasciata 1. Nov.21 Upper Mahube Ranch, 7 mi. S & 1+ mi. Wkeleyville, Lake Co., Calif. A few songs and more frequent "k.mrn." sing notes disclosed a number in this chaparral, which in general aspect is quite like my study area above Arcades, Los Angeles Co., Calif. when tits are, however, either less abundant here, or, greater silence at this time of year makes them more difficult to find. Nov.27 Jewell L. Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., NE of Berkeley, Calif. - an estimated 15 heard, and a few of them seen, in chaparral on slope w. of pond. Most of them were simply calling "kmmr". Several typical & type songs were heard; only 1 full J song. Dec.18 Tomales Point, Marin Co., Calif. 2 ?? heard "singing" from bush. lupine & Baccharis chaparral on slopes less than 1 mi from outermost (N.W.) end of point. Dec.26- Mt. Wilson, alt. 5730', San Gabriel mts., Los Angeles Co., Calif. - Both J & ? type of song heard from E steep ridge (chaparral covered) 1000 ft. or so below Echo Pt. There was a little snow on the ground where the birds were singing, & the temperature where we were (on Echo Pt.) was approximately 28°F, with an occasional stiff wind gust from SE.

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Cogswell 1948 Chamaea fasciata 2. Dec. 26 (cont.) directly against the ridge whence the birds sang. This whole scene seems to be not conducive to song; but there they were, and it was at this same spot which Taylor & Mall said they heard a poor will call on Dec. 27, 1947. 1949 Jan. 13 - near Life Sciences Bldg., Univ. of California, Berkeley, alameda Ca. Calif. - Full song of the male type heard early in afternoon — the first, since before the recent 2 weeks of very cold weather. It is much warmer this P.M., with scattered high cumulus clouds.

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Cogswell 1949 Cinclus mexicanus 1. Apr. 9 - Lumsden Bridge, 1875' alt., middle fork of Tuolumne River, Tuolumne Co., Calif - a nest (in use, according to T. Wimby) was seen from the downstream side of the bridge. It was placed on a slight ledge in an almost vertical rock wall (with no other ledges) about 8 ft. above the water, with nest entrance facing the stream. Apr. 10 - Jawbone Creek, 3400' alt., Tuolumne Co., Calif. I heard calling as it flew downstream at 5:40 AM. margins of creek well-wooded; water nearly clear, stream about 15 feet wide with many jutting rocks & few logs in it.

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1948 Troglodytes aedon Dec.29 Dume Point, Los Angeles Co., Calif. - I seen well in short scrubby (lupine?) bushes at top of sea cliff on outermost part of point. It was giving the same call note which I just learned on the 27th at Los Angles : a rasping bzeeee, similar in duration to a gnatcatchers (blue-gray) note but lower pitched, harsher, - not so petu- lant. Dec.30-5 end of Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. I seen (or heard giving same call) in sparse scrub growth on slope of high dunes between bay & open ocean beach. 1949 Jan.30 Marin Co. Park at Stinson Beach, Marin Co., Calif. The same "bzeeee" call note described on Dec.29 was heard several times from brush piles & vines around base of trees. I finally located the bird and saw it give the call once - it was a House Wren all right & in this area, behaving much like those that winter at San Gabriel River Wildlife Sanctuary in Southern California - keeping close to the ground in the now nearly leafless tangle. [Jan.31 - I note that neither avifuna # 27 nor # 18 mention any winter records for this sp. from Marin Co. & "arrival" is usually in late March]

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Cogswell 1949 Telmatodytes palustris Jan. 29 - ½ mi E. (or ENE?) of Alviso, Santa Clara Co. Calif. This species was the hardest to flush from its retreats in the dried Salicornia & other weeds along the dikes in marsh at high tide (when these dikes are the only spots of dry ground). They would sometimes stay under a mat of vegetation until we crashed down about 2 feet away; or if we skirted the spot more carefully, would not fly at all. July 10 or so were seen in about 1000 feet of dike + some length of roadside at edge of the tidal marsh which was chiefly a mixture of Spartina & Salicornia, but now entirely under water. None were seen in the area of dry Salicornia inland from the diked road, where stagnant fresh water provided a pseudo-marsh. No songs were heard from any areas. Mar. 19-20: Gray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. - many heard singing (or scolding) in all of thicker cat tail & tule areas. Only a few were glimpsed. No nests seen, but no definite search made.

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1948 Toxostoma redivivum Nov. 21 Upper Mahuke Ranch, 7 mi. 5 & 1+ mi W. of Delseyville, Lake Co., Calif. One bird in chaparral above ranch buildings was whisper-singing in mid. PM. Another heard calling (loud "p-lick"). 1949 Feb. 22 Arroyo Mocho Canyon, Alameda Co., Calif. 2 flew across road & into a patch of brush below the ". The general vicinity was much more open (grazed) than normal for this species. Mar. 6 Keithley Ranch, 3 mi. S. of Lakeport Lake Co., Calif. In the chamise & ceanothus chaparral here (at about 'alt.') this is the only species in song. They are obviously already on territory — as many as 3 songs heard from different directions at a time and all are singing steadily (11-12 AM). On the crest of the ridge E of Scott Creek there were 3 singing birds about 50 ft. (between A & B) and 150 ft. (B to C) apart, each on a separate slope. A silent after we forced him to here.

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Turdus migratorius 1. 1948 Oct. 8 - Near west state, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Calif. Several heard "whisper-singing" from high up in eucalyptus trees at about 8:45 A.M. The sky was partly cloudy, temperature about 65°F.; very warm day yesterday. Oct. 13 - 800 block, Indian Rock Ave., Berkeley, Calif. at least 5, possibly many more, perched on wires, shrubbery, or feeding on Pyracantha berries.. Nov. 7 - 4 mi" W.S.W. of Palo Alto, San Mateo Co., Calif. only 1 recorded (heard only) in 1½ hrs. spent in area rich in berry type of food. Plenty of Photinia, snowberry, poison oak, and some coffeeberry. Nov. 21 - Lakeport to just W Kelseyville, Lake Co., Calif. a large straggling flock estimated at about 2000 birds flew restlessly thru pear orchards along highway; some coming down to ground & some to perches in trees. A new green growth of herbs (chiefly grasses) just covers the bare ground. A few pears, appearing rotten, are still on the trees. Lower & Upper Mahinke Ranches, 4¾ mi S & 1 mi W respectively and 7 mi S & 1 mi W of Kelseyville, Lake Co., Calif. Relatively few in these areas despite apparent abundant berry food. Some were feeding on berries of Photinia arbustifolia, but there were no large flocks here. Max. about 60 in a flock.

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Cogswell 1949 2. Turdus migratorius Mar. 2—Univ. of Calif. campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Cal. I just realized today, after 2 or 2½ days of intermittent rain, that the big flocks of robins which were so conspicuous on the lawns near west gate & flying overhead toward roosts (presumably in Berkeley Hills eucalyptus groves) during February are no longer here.

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Cogswell 1948 Ixoreus naevius 1. Nov. 13 Jewell L., Tilden Regional Park, Contra Costa Co., NE of Berkeley, Calif. at least 6 seen, probably many more present, in woods SW of lake. all but one of those seen were feeding on berries of a single large madrone tree. Only 1 gave any call note: this one uttered a single "tschook" as it perched momen- tarily on [illegible] a large branch of a live oak; after flying up from, on or near the ground in front of me. Nov. 27 none that I was sure of, at above locality. Sequoia Park, E. of Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. common in a small area at edge of dense redwood grove. Several large oaks and madrones were the dominant trees in the area, and the thrushes were mostly flying from the madrones as we approached. 1949 Apr. 10 near Jawbone Ranger Sta., 3500' alt., Stanislaus Nat'l Forest, Tuolumne Co., Calif.- when I "squeaked" to attract some warblers from bushes, a ? Varied Thrush came in from area of mixed yellow pines & ceanothus - manzanita chaparral and alighted momentarily on small fallen log under bushes [illegible] front of me; but it took immediate alarm upon sighting me & flew to lower branch 20 ft. up in yellow pine and scolded me with the usual "tschook" note: ``` ```json { "text": "Cogswell\n1948\nIxoreus naevius\n1.\nNov. 13\nJewell L., Tilden Regional Park, Contra Costa Co.,\nNE of Berkeley, Calif.\nat least 6 seen, probably many more\npresent, in woods SW of lake. all but\none of those seen were feeding on berries\nof a single large madrone tree.\nOnly I gave any call note: this one uttered\na single "tschook" as it perched momen-\ntarily on [illegible] a large branch of a live oak;\nafter flying up from, on or near the ground\nin front of me.\nNov. 27\nnone that I was sure of,\nat above locality.\nSequoia Park, E. of Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif.\nCommon in a small area at edge of\ndense redwood grove. Several large oaks\nand madrones were the dominant trees\nin the area, and the thrushes were mostly\nflying from the madrones as we approached.\n1949\nApr. 10\nnear\nJawbone Ranger Sta., 3500' alt., Stanislaus Nat'l Forest,\nTuolumne Co., Calif.- When I "squeaked" to attract\nsome warblers from bushes, a ? Varied Thrush came\nin from area of mixed yellow pines & ceanothus -\nmanzanita chaparral and alighted momentarily on\nsmall fallen log under bushes [illegible] front of me; but\nit took immediate alarm upon sighting me & flew\nto lower branch 20 ft. up in yellow pine and scolded\nme with the usual "tschook" note:" } ``` `json` `{

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Cogswell 1948 Sialia mexicana Nov. 7. 4 mi. W.S.W. of Palo Alto, San Mateo Co. Calif. Flock of 6 settled into top of oaks on ridge S. of San Francisquito Creek, many oak moths flying all about them were apparently not recognized as food -- and are apparently not taken by any bird according to John Barville, who has been studying the moth for years & is getting his M.A. on it at Stanford University. Another flock of 5 or 6 bluebirds, 1/2 mi. further to N. may have been the same ones.

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Cogswell 1948 Regulus satrapa Nov. 13 - Jewell L. Tilden Regional Park, Contra Costa Co., NE of Berkeley, Calif. I saw and another heard at same time in live oaks (Q. agrifolia) along bridle trail SW of lake. They call frequently and one came to my squeak so that I had a good view of its yellow crown & black & white stripes on side of head. They paid no attention to dozens of oak moths fluttering all around them. 1949 Mar. 5 - 3/4 mi. E. of Spruce St. entrance, Tilden Regional Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. heard single and 3-4 noted "see-see-see" calls of this sp. from among oaks just E. of main part of Wildcat Canyon.

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Cogswell 1948 Regulus calendula Oct. 15 - Eucalyptus grove near W. Gate, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley my first one of the season heard calling "jid-it" several different times.

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Cogswell 1948 Anthus spinolelta 1. Nov. 5 - Oxford St. Exp. Tract, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. 11:50 - a flock of at least 16 rose gradually from among the small orchard trees in the middle part of the tract, and after circling once, dropped down again in the more open N. end. Dec. 21 - 1 mi. E., 1-2 mi. S. of Buttonwillow, Kern Co., Calif. also between 1 & 4 mi. W. of '' '' Several flocks seen, totalling a good 2000 or more. Most of this area is covered with dried up cotton, but the pipits were all seen in the few green (alfalfa?) fields. (1950) Apr. 5 just S Coalinga, Fresno Co., Calif. - single, closely-massed flock of about 100 flying low over - later on the ground in an irrigated alfalfa field.

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1949 Sturnus vulgaris Feb. 13: Point Reyes "peninsula", Marin Co., Calif. Starting at the head of Drake's Estero where the road to Pt. Reyes crosses it, we began our search for the Starlings seen in this area by Bullion last Tuesday. By driving slowly along the road & checking every flock of blackbirds & meadowlarks seen; we progressed to the ranch NW of the head of Barrie's Bay & there found a flock of about 12-15 Starlings perched on the telephone wires & pole at the entrance road to ranch buildings. Several were in semi-glossy plumage, others seemed to be in the dull gray of the immature. All flew shortly after we got out of the car & disappeared over the hills to the SW. Our request to the rancher (owner's wife?) for collecting privileges was immediately & firmly denied. Just N. of the Gallagher Ranch, further toward the "point", another flock of 15-20 Starlings were seen in flight & on the ground at a distance. Gallagher also refused us admittance to his property — tho was much friendlier & seemed interested in our project. We left a request for him to notify us if he shot a Starling himself — in order

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1949 Sturnus vulgaris 2. Feb. 13 Point Reyes 'peninsula', Marin Co., Calif (cont.) that we might get a specimen that way. There seems to be a general agreement among the property owners here to keep all hunters off the land, ?we could not make them see the difference between collection of a scientific specimen & general hunting. On the low 'pass' opposite the school, still further toward the point another flock of 10-15 birds were seen, at least 4 (probably all) of which were Starlings, as they were seen well on the ground. Then at the Mendoza Ranch, still further toward the point, at least 7 other Starlings were seen at the closest range yet. These were mixed in a flock of Euphagus cyanocphalus, agelains phoeniceus & Sturnella neglecta which were feeding among the cows on hillsides near a watering trough, feeding area. Yellowish spots on the plumage of one bird, and a yellowish tinge to the bill were noted as it perched momentarily on a bush not over 100 feet from us. All these Starlings seem very wary and will not allow any close approach on foot; but we expect numbers to arrive in next few years & make conditions somewhat different.

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Cogswell 1949 Vermivora celata Dec. 4 - Gray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. In the twigery at the base of a 20 ft. willow tree along Butte Creek here. I heard the characteristic sharp "chip" mote of this species. Squeabing brought it up for a close view by me and by Ken Schulz, who was with us. The bird was only moderately yellow below, with definite but fuzzy dusky olive streaks on the breast; throat + chest more nearly pure yellow. Another (?) bird was heard almost immediately afterward at some distance in the riparian woodland, which here is perhaps 100 ft. deep, with trees not quite giving a closed canopy. [ I note only 1 good "winter" record for the species in Pac. C. Avifauna 27 ]

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Logswell 1948 Dendroica coronata Nov. 13 Near Jewell Lake, Tilden Regional Park, Contra Costa Co., NE of Berkeley, Calif. at least 3 seen and/or heard. The one which first called "tilp" I squeaked up to within close enough range so that I could see it was not a Townsend or Black-throated Gray, & the next came so close I could see white throat and bright yellow breast + crown patches. All were foraging in lower branches of willows and oaks plus in shrubs and tall herbs beneath the tree canopy. Nov. 27 A conservative estimate of 10 seen and/or heard. The light "tilp" call was heard all thru the oak-madrone & on lower part of chaparral slope W of pond. Every time I followed it up, it turned out to be emanating from a myrtle warbler. They are certainly more common at this locality at this date than Audubon's, of which about 4 or 5 were seen or heard.

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Coggswell 1948 Dendroica auduboni Oct. 12 - University of Calif., Berkeley, Calif. First of the season heard, near west state, but may have been present for some time as I haven't been out to cover the area thoroly for over 2 weeks. Dec. 30. 1/3 to 2 mi. SW of San Luis Obispo, S.L.O. Co., Calif. One compact flock (!) of about 25 was feeding on the lawn of a cemetery at the edge of town. They hopped over the grass, jumping first one way & then the other to pick up something from the grass blades. No insects were being caught in the air (morning is still cold!). Other such compact flocks were seen along farm country roadsides near Laguna school; those flocks (10+, 25+ estimated in them) foraging, like the first, with apparent disregard for nearby trees, by flitting along in & over the weeds & grass.

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Cogswell 1949 Dendroica nigrescens 1. Apr. 9 - S. Fork Tuolumne River, 1800 + alt., Tuolumne Co. Calif. In a little side canyon along road line, with live oak, blue oak & digger pines as habitat, one ? of this species was singing. A few yellow pines were nearby.

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Cogswell 1949 Geothlypis trichas 1. Mon. 20 Bray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. - only 1 heard singing (2 more seen!) in all the parts of this seemingly good habitat, with lots of cat-tail tule, that we covered.

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Cogswell 1949 Xanthocephalus Xanthocephalus Mar. 19, 20 Gray Lodge Refuge, S.V. Butte Co., Calif.: a good number (perhaps 100+) were seen in reeds cat-tails and/or tules near "towers" in refuge at dusk — going to roost among many red-wings. of the masses of blackbirds passing over me going eastward between 6 > 6:30 A.M. on 20th., only one flock containing yellow-heads (200 est.) was seen. 4 plumaged birds outnumbered JS.

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1948 Agelaius phoeniceus U.S.F.&S. Nov. 21. Ranger Station, Upper Lake, Lake C., Calif. Several flocks, this sp. + Euphagus cyan- ocephalus mixed, flew N to NW overhead at about sunrise, perhaps coming from: roosts near upper end of Clear Lake & going out to fields to feed. Dec. 20. 5 mi. N. Dos Balos, Merced Co., Calif. [See journal for note on aerial maneuvers of flock] Dec. 29. near Harris Station, 13 mi. S. Santa Maria, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. a single massed flock estimated to contain at least 5000 of this species and a few hundred E. cyanoccephalus was feeding on, or flying from, short-stubble field along hi-way #1. Females outnumbered males at least 2-1 in the flock, but many immature J's , several fully adult ones were seen. 1949 Mar. 20 - Gray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. - The vast majority of hordes of blackbirds roosting in cattails & tules here are this species. I estimated at least 3000 seen, but perhaps there were 10x as many. No tricolor were seen; but see xanthocephalus. In the morning nearly all the flocks had left the marsh by 7:00 A.M. Feeding is apparently done outside of the refuge - on adjacent pasture & grain fields.

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Cogswell 1948 1. Agelaius tricolor Dec. 20 - 5 mi. N. Dos Palos, Merced Co., Calif. [See note in journal regarding flight maneuvers of flock]. Dec. 21 - Carpan Rd., N. (about 1 mi.) of W. end of Laguna Mugu; Ventura Co., Calif. - at least 1 ♂ in flock of A. phoeniceus. Dec. 30 - 2 mi. SSW. of San Luis Obispo, S.L.O. Co., Calif. - at least 5 adult ♂s on wires & in fields with flock of A. phoeniceus & C. cyanocephalus near Laguna School. 1 of them was "singing" some- what weakly [the usual "braying"], as were several of the Com. Red. wings.

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Cogswell 1949 Icterus bullockii 1. Apr. 24 Arroyo Mocho, SE of Livermore, Alameda Co, Calif. at a point in the sycamore - blue oak woodland at 4 mi. or so from Livermore, this sp. is quite numerous. at least four ?? are in a stretch of 1/2 mi. or so of the wash, all of them singing to some degree, and 2+?? one nest, completed to the extent of an outer shell, was found about 18 feet up in outer branches of a sycamore. Further up, at the first ranch along the S.E. side of the canyon proper (8.7 mi. from Junction Mines Rd. & Tesla Rd.) several more were sing- ing, chattering; and a fight was observed between 2 ?? It took place in the lower branches of 2 different blue oaks, one bird being temporarily pushed over on his back. Both gave a bright, cheery,

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Cogswell 1948 Euphagus cyanoccephalus 1. Nov. 21 - U.S.R.S. Ranger Station, Upper Lake, Sakeo, Calif. (see note under: Aglaisius phoenix) 1949 Apr. 24 - Arrow moth, 4 mi. ± SE Livermore, Alameda Co. Calif. Several pair here in sycamore - willow - Bauheris - grass of open "wash." one nest was shown to me, in a willow tree, situated about 12 feet from the ground on an easily climbed branch. It was a large, well made nest, lined with dead grasses, and contained 3 light bluish green eggs abundantly speckled & blotched with reddish brown. [No conifers within sight at this point].

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1948 Molothrus ater 1. Oct. 16 - 3 mi. S. of Napa, Napa Co., Calif. - alt. < 20'. at least 2 males, and 2 (slightly question-able) females were pulled out of a mass of blackbirds feeding around cattle corral along hi-way 29. Brown heads & short bills of ? seen clearly. They carried their tails at an angle considerably above the horizontal while feeding. Dec. 27 - Lawson Ave., 1 block E of Jefferson ave., S.W. slope of Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles, L.A. Co., Calif. at least 12 counted (about 50-50 ? to ?) amid flock of Brewer's Blackbirds at a feeding stable. Dec. 29 - 3½ mi E, 2 mi S. of Santa Ynez, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. - at least 1 ? seen in flock of Brewer's Blackbirds perched in leafless walnut tree at farm along edge of Santa Ynez valley. Dec. 30 - 2 mi. SSW of center of San Luis Obispo, S.L.O. Co., Calif. at least 2 ?s identified (as in all the above, by small size, brown head, conical bill, dark eye) from among Red-wings on wires by roadside SE of Laguna School. One of the birds gave, weakly, the "gluck-seeeee" song. 1949 Mar. 20 - Gray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. - at least 3 were among the flocks of blackbirds flying eastward from marshes in early A.M. These were pulled out by high, glassy whistler - , 2 were seen well enough to see short bills & brown heads.

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Cogswell 1948 Carpodacus purpureus Nov. 21 Lower Mahnke Ranch, 4 3/4 mi S & 1 mi W Kelseyville Lake Co., Calif. Several (15? est.) feeding, with goldfinches, on seeds of over-matured garden plants & on ground around cow- barn & around house. They were ex: ceptionally tame & allowed approach to within about 20 feet before flying.

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Cogswell 1949 Spinus tristis 1. Feb. 22 - just S. Walnut Creek, Contra Costa Co., Calif. - a flock of about 50 were feeding on ground at road- side in walnut orchard area. Some of the males were beginning to show bits of bright yellow on sides of head & on back.

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Cogswell 1948 Spinus lawrencei Nov. 21 Lower Mahnke Ranch, 4 3/4 mi S o 1 mi. W of Kelseyville, Lake Co., Calif.. at least 27 or 29 with small flock of S. psaltria, which had been feeding on cabbage seeds (or others too I suppose) in over-matured frost-bitten garden. I first noted the Lawrences by hearing the "tink-oo" call-note while I was 300-400 ft. away near the creek. I came back to the garden and found the whole flock perched in small, near-leafless tree -- with the 4 Lawrence's slightly off to themselves above the green backs. All were then studied at about 40 ft. with 9x binoculars.

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Cogswell 1948 Dipilo fuscus Oct 15 - West Gate 'circle', Univer of Calif, Berkeley, Calif. 11:35 - 11:50 A.M. - one watched as it foraged on lawn between sidewalk and curb along which autos were parked with shadows created over about 1/6 to 1/8 of the lawn strip. The Towhee foraged exclusively by scratching and inspection of the grass and debris thus scattered and also exclusively in the shade of the parked cars. It was frightened twice by approaching pedestrians and each time flew or ran quickly across an intervening sunny portion of lawn to more shade. It once crossed such a sunny area without being alarmed. It paid no attention to heads of dandelion (Taraxacum sp.) seeds within a foot of its head. Dec 24 - 1236-6th St, Santa Monica, Los Angeles Co. Calif. I heard giving full song: o o o oooooooo repeatedly at dawn. 1949 Apr 10 - near Sawbone Ranger Station, Sawbone Creek, 3400' alt. Tuolumne Co. Calif. 2 pairs were found here - both birds of each pair staying close to each other in their movements to scold me (when I squeaked) and in foraging. Both pairs were in tall dense ceanothus cuneatus shrub areas at the border of open yellow pine forest.

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1949 Ammospiza caudacuta nelsoni Jan. 29 - 1/2 mi. E. (or ENE?) of Alviso, Santa Clara Co., Calif. The San Jose group of bird enthusiasts who had this bird located really have done a fine job of it. The area where it has been seen [repeatedly since Jan. 16; first found by David Cutler on Dec. 27] is at the edge of wide salt marsh consisting chiefly of Spartina + Salicornia in more or less mixed growth. A road running easterly from Alviso separates the tidal portion from an area of pure Salicornia, now dead, to the south where stagnant “fresh” water supported some green algae and hosts of small flies — but no birds except a few Savannah Sparrows (others along the roadside ditch) and resting Avocets. Mr. James B. Peterson, who seemed to have the movements of the bird well studied, says he has seen the sharp tail in the Salicornia; but that when it is disturbed, it takes refuge in a certain bush on the bank of the tidal marsh by the roadside. This bush (species?) is about 2 1/2 feet high — a foot or so above most of the others nearby — and it has an open tunnel-like space on the ground under it. Peterson had a trap set by this bush and another some 20 feet away along the bank. We had covered up & drawn

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1949 Ammospiza caudacuta nelsoni Jan 29 (p2) the road on both sides -> along a dike run- ing at rt angles N. from the road as well as out in the "stagnant" marsh salicornia S of the road to no avail. However, the rising tide had inundated all of the bases of the marsh plants by the time we had arrived & was still coming in [illegible] at 1:30 PM., at which time (approx.) a Mrs. Wool, who was watching the traps, called that the Sharp-tailed Sparrow had gone in -> out of the one by the critical bush without tripping the trigger - and then taken refuge in the Spartina beyond the first bit of open water. Neilson, I donned hip boots & waded out around it. The bird soon flushed back to the "home" bush where both he & I had a good look at it thru binoculars - and Mrs. Beatrice Neilson, who had her head over the top of the bank just above the bush, was not over 5 feet from the bird. We came out leaving it in the bush, but attempts then to get it up where the 4 cameras which were available (including an Exacta with a 20 mm lens attached!) could be brought to bear on it only resulted in the bird flying along the dike directly toward me - & then veering out into the Spartina again. A further wading effort yielded nothing.

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Coggswell 1949 3. Ammospiza caudacuta nelsoni Jan.29 (p.3) The bird does not fly far at a time (not nearly so far as a Savannah will often go); and there were few connected pathways for foot travel in the by now "floating" deaf vegetation -- nor between the too sparse growth of live Spartina. Elude us it did, however, & so no photograph was obtained. Those present (see Journal) will all be able to vouch for the identity as to species -- for it is a well-marked bird -- and I even feel sure it is of the "inland" subspecies: "nelsoni" according to criteria given for separating same given by Forbush, Bough, Peterson in their respective Eastern bird books. Compared to

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Cogswell 1949 Passerculus sandwichensis Jan. 29. ½ mi. E (or ENE?) of Salviso, Santa Clara Co., Calif. Far more common than the sharp-tails (one) here today; though they sit more in the open to look at you, they also fly much farther when finally disturbed. Some even traced ½ mile or so across the marsh to dikes at a distance from us. The savannahs varying from a very pale grayish brown with slight yellow or lead to rich brown & black, with heavy yellow wash both above & below cheek and with blackish breast streaks. Probably 15-25 birds seen in or near ½ mile ± of dike → ¼ mile ± of roadside.

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Cogswell 1949 Poecetes gramineus Feb.6: approx. 3 mi. W of Bennington, northern Sutter Co. Caly. One flushed from roadside in area of orchard trees and seen well (including white tail feathers, rufous bend of wing, a streaked breast) as it perched momentarily on fence wire. It was the only Vesper seen, although Savannahs were common nearby.

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Cogswell 1949 Chondestes strigatus. 1. Feb.22 7 mi. SE of Livermore, att. Alameda Co., Calif. In a leafless bushy tree by the roadside at 2nd bridge across Arroyo Mocho there were at least 3 [illegible] singing (probably several more) steadily in typical chorus. I transcribed typical parts of the song of 1 bird which I had in view at the time: 0 0 0 0 tweet tweet tweet tweet treet chit cheen chip chip chip mmmmm R'dr'dr'dr. (low grating) chip tweet-up chip chip chip (as end of line 1) These parts were given in all different sequences. I could write down only about 4 or 5 notes at a time before losing track. Apr. 10- Jawbone Ranger Sta., 3400' alt., just W. of Jawbone Creek, Tuolumne Co., Calif. - 1 singing from bush in door- yard of cabin - a bit of suitable habitat in other- wise chaparral or yellow-pine forested area. -on Jawbone Ridge, about 3 mi. W. of the above locality: 2 were singing from few small bushes in center of lava area of grassland, much over-grazed, browsed area of this winter deer range. alt. about 4000'.

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Cogswell 1949 Chondestes strigatus 2. may 7. San Joaquin Experimental Range, 1000' alt., Madrone Co., Calif. at 5:40 AM as I was walking along the road by headquarters here (just before sunrise at this particular spot) a ♂ flew down and alighted on top wire of fence followed immedi- ately by ♀ who alighted atop her! mounting thus was direct without previous perch elsewhere. The ♂ sang a soft warbled phrase of 4 or 5 notes during the 2-3 second period following his arrival, as he fluttered his wings. Then he flew to a brace wire of the fence for about 10-12 seconds, was silent there, and then returned and alighted next to the ♀ but immediately fluttered up and mounted her again. The soft warble, fluttering, and duration same as before. ♀'s tail to left, ♂'s tail down and slightly spread. Copulation, I assume was successful on this or both instances. ♂ uttered no note that I could discern 75 ft. away. Both birds dropped to bare area in grass near patch of amswckia and commenced foraging. (Bruce Brown observed what was probably the same pair in similar activity about 1 1/2 hours later).

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Cogswell 1948 Amphispiza belli Nov.21 - Ridge 5 of upper Mahube Ranch, 3 & mi. S. & 1+ mi. W. Healeyville, Lake Co., Calif.. In area of chaparral regrown to knee height (after fire 3 yrs ago according to Mr. Mahube) near grassy area on summit of ridge, I was sure I heard the light "tick" call note of this species -- at two different times. But I couldn't get sight of the bird. 1949 Apr.2 - 1+ mi SSW Mt. Diablo Peak, 2300+, Contra Costa Co. Calif. - While engaged in making a transect thru breast high adenostoma- ceanothus chaparral on NE facing slope, we were surrounded by at least 3 birds of this species. Two were singing with slightly less regular "suing" to the songs than I have noted in southern California, a third bird closely associated with one of the singing ones right near us was probably the ? of the pair in whose territory we were crashing thru the brush. Dr. Ritelka says the species has been in this spot for at least the last 5 years. The shrub cover is now at about the same height & density as on our Bouldress study area (1942) near Pasadena -- from which they disappeared upon further growth of shrubs & near closure of the canopy in the next 4 years. Today one called a harsh "zween" several times as well as ordinary "tick" calls.

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Cogwell 1948 Zonotrichia leucophrys sup. oct. 8 - Oxford St. Experiment Tract, Berkeley, Calif. A song heard repeatedly from at least 2 different birds which I do not recognize as of proper pattern for either Z.l. gambeli or Z.l. muttallii. I transcribe it thus: say saw (drawling) 1st 2 notes. o o child chip It is possible, I suppose, that this different song pattern may distinguish birds from another breeding locality — perhaps within the realm of Z.l. pugetensis? oct. 12 - University of California, Berkeley, Calif Same sort of song as above heard from bird in shrubbery S. of Life Sciences Bldg. 1949 apr. 3 - Asilomar, shore of Monterey Peninsula, Monterey, Ca All birds on dune shrubs were active in mid-day; males in full song. One circuitous chase occurred over an area about 80 ft. in diameter [the ♂ chasing a bird which had not been singing (=♀); but not at all vigorously].

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Cogswell 1948 Zonotrichia coronata Oct. 9 - N.E. of Life Sciences Bldg., Univ. of Calif., Berkeley 12:20 - 12:40 P.M. - I heard singing repeatedly, the usual 3 notes in minor key: Dull day, heavy overcast; no wind. Dec. 21- State Elk Preserve, Tupman, Kern Co., Calif. I seen in tall weeds at "picnic area" of State Park. It was in sub-adult plumage; [illegible], some black showing thru gray-brown of edges of crown, center of crown pure yellow. This lowland locality far from any chaparel hillsides seems far removed from the normal habitat of the species as I know it. [Jan. 5, '49] - This habitat normal according to Grinnell & Miller's "Distribution of Birds of Calif."

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Cogwell 1948 Passerella iliaca 1. Nov. 27 Jewell L. Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., NE of Berkeley, Calif. Fairly common in brush along w shore and up the slope to the W, judging from number of heavy "tchip" calls heard. One bird watched for a few minutes was eating berries of Rhus diversiloba obtaining them as they hung on the leafless bush by simply perching nearby and reaching out for them with its neck extended. One loss of balance occurred while I watche[d]. 1949 Jan. 30 - Marino Park at Stinson Beach, Marino, Calif. about 5 seen here, mostly in brush tangles along the ditched stream thru the park. One seen at a range of about 8 feet had a very rich brown cast to all the breast spotting[s] which coalesced over the upper breast to form an irregular mass of brown. The bill was dusky gray.

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Cogswell 1949 Enhydra lutra July 17 - Just S. mouth of Malpaso Creek, on coast of Monterey Co. Calif. Came here about 5 PM with Faidlaw Williams with the express purpose of seeing Sea Otters -- and he pointed them out almost as soon as we left the cars. About 15-17 of them were resting and playing about in kelp beds beyond the offshore rocks when we arrived. When resting they lie on their backs with head and feet out of the water, but they frequently roll over slowly; one hauled himself out on mass of kelp on his belly & wriggled across it & into water again. There was much gentle diving & surfacing going on all along, but the distance too great to check on details of what they are doing. By about 5:30 several of the group had scattered out & were noted swimming along the surface, leaving a wake behind or diving under the big swells. Finally two have come in close to shore and for several minutes we have watched them lying on their backs with 1 sea urchin (so large it must be Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) resting in the middle of their belly & another held by the forepaws while they munched on it. After a few nibbles they invariably roll over, but come up again with both urchins still in place. Mr. Williams pointed out that the hind flipper is, in such cases, apparently held up

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Cogswell 1949 Enhydra lutra 2 July 17 (cont.) mouth of Malfasso Cr., Monterey Co., Calif. over the writhin, clasping it to the belly. I did see one hind flipper held in such a position after a roll by 1 of them. One of the oddest sights is seeing the otters rising up out of the water vertically and looking about like so many prairie dogs.

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Cogswell 1949 Felis concolor Dec.22 3200 ft. ridge between Little Dalton & Monroe canyons, NNE Glendora, L.A.Co., Calif.. A cat trail in the mud & moist earth of the firebreak & truck trail was examined carefully because of the size of the prints. From the mid point of the foot pad at the back, to the anterior end of the longest toe measured 3 1/4 inches. no claw marks even in mud. 3 1/4 inches Deer tracks were plentiful along the same route, which runs along the W. boundary of the San Dimas Experimental forest.

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1948 Cervus mandonis Dec. 21 - State Elk Preserve, Trupman, Kern Co., Calif. On the flats in SW corner of preserve between Town of Trupman and point where road to Buttonwillow crosses the canal, we counted about 30 bucks, all with antlers (2-7 prongs seen) and 17 does and 2 fawns about 1/3 to 1/2 grown. The bucks were scattered in small groups or singly in the area between willows along the canal & the high fence bounding the preserve. Some were lying down fairly close to the fence, but got up & walked slowly away when we got out of car & walked toward the fence. All seemed to be in good con- dition with fine coats & sedate carriage. The does were all (except 1) in one group which walked up out of a small arroyo & into the open grassland just about when we had decided there were very few, if any, does around. One of the fawns was with this group, the other following the single doe, which was with a small group of bucks at a different locale. How much personal care by the state these elk get I do not know, but they

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1948 Cervus nannodes Dec. 21 (cont'd) seem to be existing, at least in a major way, more or less naturally even though inside a fence. The preserve is large enough (about 2 sq. mi. according to Auto Club of So. Calif. map of Kern Co.) to make their chance of survival here seem likely for some time provided no reduction in fertility occurs. (1950) Apr. 5 - see journal (no stop - but drove by & saw a few)

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Cogswell 1949 Odorcoleus columbianus 3. 1. Feb. 13. Tomales Point peninsula, Marin Co., Calif. A count of deer seen from the road enroute from Pierre Ranch headquarters to junction with Rt. Reyes road on Inverness ridge yielded a total of 47. Mar. 6. Keithley Ranch, 3 mi. S. of Lakeport, Lake Co., Calif. A doe with one 1/2 grown fawn was jumped from border of oak grassland area -- they took off down slope into tall brush of a small gully & up thru the protective cover on other side. They seemed quite wild. Many deer tracks & droppings in this area [which is being staked out by group working on Putman Robert. son deer management program].

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Cogswell 1949 Odocoileus hemionus 1. Apr. 10 - Jawbone Ridge, 3500' - 4000', Tuolumne Co., Calif. Watched a doe get inspected, blood-sampled, weighed, tagged & ear-clipped by T. Diney & associates on here Today. Their work, to be published eventually, I suppose, obviates detailed notes unnecessary. on the open grassland of the lava area near top of ridge, Diney counted 105+ deer - of which I saw about 90. "Fawns" are now approaching 2/3 the size of adults & separating distinguishing them at a distance is difficult. Pelage of these deer is still grayish in appearance, tho the molt is in progress we are told. A wide- spreed condition of brittleness of the hair makes a lot of the sides & hip region light gray, due to wearing off of the longer hair. Such patchy coats are supposedly indicative of poor health - as the over-browzed range here certainly is - but the real cause thereof is unknown.

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