1948 Agelaius phoeniceus U.S.F.&S. Nov. 21. Ranger Station, Upper Lake, Lake C., Calif. Several flocks, this sp. + Euphagus cyan- ocephalus mixed, flew N to NW overhead at about sunrise, perhaps coming from: roosts near upper end of Clear Lake & going out to fields to feed. Dec. 20. 5 mi. N. Dos Balos, Merced Co., Calif. [See journal for note on aerial maneuvers of flock] Dec. 29. near Harris Station, 13 mi. S. Santa Maria, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. a single massed flock estimated to contain at least 5000 of this species and a few hundred E. cyanoccephalus was feeding on, or flying from, short-stubble field along hi-way #1. Females outnumbered males at least 2-1 in the flock, but many immature J's , several fully adult ones were seen. 1949 Mar. 20 - Gray Lodge Refuge, S.W. Butte Co., Calif. - The vast majority of hordes of blackbirds roosting in cattails & tules here are this species. I estimated at least 3000 seen, but perhaps there were 10x as many. No tricolor were seen; but see xanthocephalus. In the morning nearly all the flocks had left the marsh by 7:00 A.M. Feeding is apparently done outside of the refuge - on adjacent pasture & grain fields.