Field notes, v1383

Karlstrom, Ernest L.
Unknown
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley
Original Source
Source Material:
Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from CLIR https://archive.org/details/fieldnotesv138300karl
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CONTENTS Field notes 1955 Catalog nos. 392 - 846 Journal Species Accounts Amphibians Bufo boreas Bufo canorus miscellaneous Reptiles Birds Mammals Tape Recording Data Co⁶⁰ Tag Retrieving Experiments
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CONTENTS Amphibians Bufo canorus Bufo dorsalis miscellaneous Reptiles Birds Mammals Tape Recording Data Co-60 Tag Retrieving Experiments Journal catalog nos. 342-846 Field notes 1955
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Field Notes 1956 Catalog nos. 847-1008 Journal Species Accounts Amphibians Reptiles
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Field Notes 1955 Catalog nos. 392-846
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EL Karlsturn 1955 Catalogue. 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W of Cevic Cente, Richmond Centra Costa Co., Calif. Feb. 1, 1955 39207 Hyba regilla 393 " " 394 " " 395 " " 396 " " Same locality Feb. 15, 1955 39707 Bulbo brucei holophilus (skeleton) SV length 76 mm. 397a " 2 mi. S of Bruceling, 1900 feet, Moryza Co. Calif. Feb. 17, 1955 398 Taricha (taroza) siennae 399 " " " Bruceling, 1200 feet, Moryza Co., Calif. Feb. 17, 1955 40007 Hydromantes brunus 4018 " " 402 " " 403 Oneidea lugulmis ad. o> 404 Diodesia anodilis pulchellus 405 Batrocheaps alternative 406 " " get. South Fork of Merced w/Mered River 1500', Moryza Co., Calif. Feb. 17, 1955 407 Batrocheaps alternative Jury 140, 1 mi. W X SW El Portal, 1700 feet. Moryza Co., Calif. Feb. 17, 1955 408 Batroheaps altematus
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ELKatalogium 1955 Catalogue Base Cathedral Rocks, 4150 feet, Y.N.P., Mariposa Co., Calif. Feb. 17, 1955 409 Ensatina e. platensis (juvenal) 7 mi. E and 5 mi. N of Placoda, 500 feet, Mariposa Co., Calif. Feb. 17, 1955 410 Rana catesbeina adult catalogued by Restebbins 411 " todyodes Hwy. 140, 4 mi. NE Placoda, 400 ft., Merced Co., Calif. Feb. 17, 1955 412^07 Bufo boreas holochilus Marsh Creek Springs area, Contra Costa Co., Calif. nov. 8, 1954 413 Bufo boreas holochilus (collected by RC Stebbins and killed Feb. 28, 1955 for skeleton), SV = 61 mm. (skeleton) 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Civic Center, Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Jan. 10, 1955 414 Bufo boreas holochilus (juvenile) 415 " " " 18 miles S of Manticello on Hwy. 37, Napa Co., Calif. Jan. 31, 1955. digized RF3 416 Bufo boreas holochilus ad. ?? (coll. by Jim Anderson) (skeleton) SV = 97 mm. Jule Lake, 1.5 mi. NW of San Quentin State Penitentiary, Marin Co., Calif. Feb. 22, 1955 417 Bufo boreas holochilus (subadult) coll. Dick Russell 418 " " " (juvenol) " " "
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ELKorlettum Catalogue Tule Lake, 1.5 mi. N of San Quentin State Peni- tentiary, Marin Co., Calif. Feb. 22, 1955 419 Taricha torosa granulosa 1.3 mi. N., 0.2 mi. W Civic Center, Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Feb. 22, 1955 420 Bufo boreas holophilus eggs. Same locality Feb. 26, 1955 421 Bufo boreas (juvenile) 422 " " (adult) -> clipped RH3 SV=76.6 423 " " " " -> " LH3 SV=73.2 skeletons 424 " " " " -> " RH1 SV=78.1 425 " " " 1? f " LF2 SV=72.5 Same locality March 2, 1955 SV=82.3 426 Bufo boreas holophilus adult ff clipped LF3 (skeleton) 427 " " " " " -> " RF3 Same locality March 12, 1955 428 -> Bufo boreas holophilus adult 429 -> " " " " " 430 f " " " " 431 -> " " " " "
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E.L Karlstom Catalogue Harvey m. Hall Natural Area, 10,100', E base mt. Conness, Mono Co., Calif. July 30, 1952 432 Bufo coronus toda (collected by R.L. Livezey) 433 - 1 1/2 mi. S Elbetta Pass, 7800', Alpine Co., Calif. Aug. 11, 1952 433 Bufo coronus toda (coll. by R.L. Livezey) Warm Spring Creek, 1.5 mi. NW of Shoggy's Spose. Sonora Co., Calif. March 19, 1955 434 Taricha rivularis 435 " " 436 " " 437 " " 438 " " 439 Dicamptodon ensatus howa (from side creek) 439a " " 430d Ameides flavignuntata " 431d " " 432d " " 433 " " 433d Bufo boreas (coll. by Brent Condra) 434d Cerostoma multicastratus 435d Galeomera occidentalis 436d " " 437d " " [lost to Zool 137 collection] 438d Eucerees shiltrimerus 439d " " 440 Diadogethi uncululus
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ELKoratum Catalogue 3 mi. W x NW of mcdonald on Hwy 128 mendozino Co., Calif, March 19, 1955 441 Rana boylei 442 " " 443 Oreides lugubris 444 " " 445 " " 446 " " 0.6 mi. W of Navarro on Hwy 128, mendoza Co., Calif, March 19, 1955 447 Oreides lugubris 448 " " 449 " " 450 Batrachoseps alternatus 451 " " 1/2 mi. N Rockrent on Hwy 1, Mendoza Co., Calif, March 19, 1955 452 Amblystoma gracile (collected by Burt Combs) 453 Batrachoseps alternatus 454 " " 455 " " 456 Gerdnotus coruleus 6 mi. N Rockrent on Hwy 1, Mendoza Co., Calif. March 19, 1955 457 Ensatina eschscholtzi 458 " "
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[illegible]
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ELKadatum Catalogue (6 mi. N Rockport on Hwy), Mendocino Co., Calif. March 19, 1955 454 Aneides ferratus 460 " " 461 " " 462 " Eregubris 462a " ferreusjuvenile 3.7 mi. E Blue Lake, Humboldt Co. Calif. March 20, 1955 PC 463 Rhyscotetm olympicus PC 464 " " 465 " " lowae (10) PC 466 Aneides ferratus 467 Ensatina eschacholtzi 468 Batrachoseps alternatus 469 " " 470 " " 3.1/2 mi. SE Scotia on U.S. 101, Humboldt Co., Calif. March 20, 1955 471 Taricha gumpdra 472 " " 473 Rana aurora 474 " " (tadpole) 474a Anelystma goule lawae 476 Hyla regilla 477 " " 478 " "
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Regulated Mitchelbax Worth, I went to Englewood in 52 1971, as lawyer, filed, 30 arranged claim F2H "" "" 03H "" "" 12H integers "" 30H claiming "" 450H Worth, who sold 5 in 70 1971, as lawyer, filed arranged claim GJF "" "" J7H (01) served " " 20H arranged claim J2H "" "" G2P attorneys appointed E2H "" "" A2H "" "" X2H Worth, 101.34 in actual 32 in 70 1971, as lawyer, filed, 30 arranged claim 17H "" "" 45H arranged claim G2P (plead) " " 12H "" "" K2H arranged attorneys X2H all good J2H "" "" F2H
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EL Karolatum 1955 Catalogue 3\/2 mi SE Scotia on U.S. 101, Humboldt Co., Calif. March 20, 1955 479 Hyla regilla 480 " " 481 " " 482 " " 5.6 mi. N Garberville on U.S. 101, Humboldt Co., Calif. March 20, 1955 483 Ameida [illegible] 484 " " 485 " " 486 " " 487 " " 488 " " Stephen Grove on El River, Humboldt State Park, Humboldt Co., Calif. March 19, 1955 PC 489 Entosphenus tridentatus (limping) PC 490 " " " 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W of Curi Gate Richard Centa Costa Co., Calif. March 23, 1955 491 Bufo lones adult ? 492 " " " ->
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EL Karstum Catalogue Wildcat Canyon, Tilden Regional Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. March 26, 1955 493 Taricha turosa (granulosa hybrid?) 494 " " 495 " " 496 " " "McKay's", 6½ mi. E of Amway, 4175 feet, Stonisleva Co., Calif. June 7, 1952 (4ARRL) 497 Bufo boreas holophilus tadpoles (collected by R.L. Livezey and contributed MVZ) Preserved Aug. 1952. Marjorzo Creek; West side of Marjorza, 1900 feet Marjorca Co., Calif. April 13, 1955 498 Bufo boreas holophilus adult ♀ skeleton 499 " " " " ♂ " 500 " " " " " " 501 " " " " " " 502 " " " " " " BCR LF3 503 " " " " " " cornus - like pattern & color 504 " " " " " " 505 " " " " " " 506 " " " " " " 507 " " " " " " 508 " " " " " " 509 " " " " " "
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[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] 2701, E map file, D [illegible] (389-456) weight all legal sound short (PH) [illegible] [illegible] 2701, E map file, D [illegible]
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ELKodsturn Catalogue Mojave Creek, SW side of Mojave, 1900 feet, Mojave County, Caly. April 13, 1955 510 Bufo boreas holophila adult > 511 " " " " 512 " " " " 513 " " " " 514 " " " 4 515 " " " + 516 " " " " 517 Rana catebeiana adult > -- 518 " " " ---- 518 Bufo boreas holophila todgola. Sentinel meadow, ½ mile SW of Government Center 4000' Yosemite Valley, Mojave Co., Calif. April 12, 1955 519 Hyla regilla 520 " " 521 " " 522 " " 523 " " 524 " " 525 " " 526 " " 527 " " 528 " "
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EL Karstun 1955 Catalogue Bricklung, 1200 ft., Marjasa Co., Calif. April 26, 1955 529 Anidea lugubris (coll. John Burns) 530 " " 531 " " 532 " " 533 " " juvenile (coll. John Burns) 534 Euncea gilberti gilberti juvenile (coll. John Burns) 535 " " 536 Diogthis anobeli's 537 Rara boylei 538 Taricha torosa sierra Marjasa Creek, SW side of Marjasa, 1900 ft. Marjasa Co., Calif. April 27, 1955 539 Bufo boreas od. ♀ (coll. by John Burns) 540 " " od. ♂ 541 " " " " died & died after escaping from aquarium 542 " " " " 543 " " " " 544 " " " " 545 " " " " 546 " " " " 547 " " " " 548 " " " " 549 Rana catesbeiana used for pituitaries, no tags written. 550 " "
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"" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
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ELKarbturn Catalogue Ahwahnee meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley Park, Mariposa Co., Calif. May 11, 1955 551 Bufo boreas hologulus od. -> Tents via Brown Storeman mdr., 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. May 18, 1955 552 Bufo boreas hologulus 553 " " " LT 6.6 x 4.1 RT 10.7 x 4.0 554 " " " LT 8.3 x 2.9 mm. RT 6.9 x 7.0 555 " " " 556 " " " 8 mi. NE Planoda, 600 ft., Mariposa Cr., Calif May 18, 1955 YNP Museum gift 557 Sceloporus occidentalis = added to Yosemite Museum. 3 mi NW of Mariposa, 2200 ft., Mariposa Cr. Calif., May 18, 1955 558 Sceloporus occidentalis ♀ (run over while crossing 1 Aug 49) 2 mi. NE Chiquapin, 7050 ft., Y.N.P. Mariposa Co., Calif. May 19, 1955 559 Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis 560 " " " 561 " " " 562a Rana muscosa tadpoles 3 mi. Ex NE Chiquapin, 7000 ft., Y.N.P. Mariposa Co., Calif., May 19, 1955 562 Rana muscosa 563 " " 564 " "
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Catalogue 3 mi. E x NE Chiricougeni, 7500 ft., Y.N.P. Mariposa Co., Calif., May 19, 1955 565 Rana muscosa 566 " " 567 " " 568 " 3 mi. NW Hobartville, 6400 ft., Nevada Co., Calif. May 23, 1955 568 Bufo boreas ♀ (coll. by Joe Hall Sogahon Creek) 1.3 mi. N, 2 mi E of Lata Richard, Contra Costa Co., Calif., June 1, 1955 569 Bufo boreae dolophilus ad. ♀ cl. RFI 570 " " " 571 " " " 572 " " " 3 Forks Merced River NW of Wawona, Mariposa Co., Calif. April 1955 YNP 573 Diadophis andrilus (coll. by Glen Collison) Cwanto alameda Co. Berkeley, California (Turned into Museum Nat Zool.) June 2, 1955 YNP 574 Pituophis catenifer 2 mi. W of Mariposa on Hwy 140, 2300 ft., Mariposa Co., Calif. June 4, 1955 YNP 575 Pituophis catenifer
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{ "text": "EL Karsten\n1955\nCatalogue\n4 mi. SW Mariposa on Hwy 140, 2200 ft.\nMariposa Co., Calif. April 12, 1955\nYMP 576 Eumera gilberti adult\nWildcat Canyon, Tilden Regional Park, Contra\nCosta Co., Calif. May 20, 1955\nYNPm 577 Deleogrus occidentalis\nYNPm 578 \"\nNorth side Huntington Lake, 6950 ft., Fresno Co.,\nCalif. June 6, 1955\n579 Rana muscosa\n580 Hyla regilla\n581 \"\nKarin Park Meadow, 8000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif.\nJune 7, 1955\n582 Thamnophis elegans\n583 Rana muscosa\n584 \" \"\n584a \" \" eggs\n585 Hyla regilla\n586 \" \"\n587 \" \"\n588 \" \"\n589 \" \"\n600 \" \"\n590\n601 \" \"\n602 \" \" eggs from #601\n603 \" \" O\n``` ```json\n{\"text\": \"EL Karsten\\n1955\\nCatalogue\\n4 mi. SW Mariposa on Hwy 140, 2200 ft.\\nMariposa Co., Calif. April 12, 1955\\nYMP 576 Eumera gilberti adult\\nWildcat Canyon, Tilden Regional Park, Contra\\nCosta Co., Calif. May 20, 1955\\nYNPm 577 Deleogrus occidentalis\\nYNPm 578 \\\"\\nNorth side Huntington Lake, 6950 ft., Fresno Co.,\\nCalif. June 6, 1955\\n579 Rana muscosa\\n580 Hyla regilla\\n581 \\\"\\nKarin Park Meadow, 8000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif.\\nJune 7, 1955\\n582 Thamnophis elegans\\n583 Rana muscosa\\n584 \\\" \\\"\\n584a \\\" \\\" eggs\\n585 Hyla regilla\\n586 \\\" \\\"\\n587 \\\" \\\"\\n588 \\\" \\\"\\n589 \\\" \\\"\\n600 \\\" \\\"\\n590\\n601 \\\" \\\"\\n602 \\\" \\\" eggs from #601\\n603 \\\" \\\" O\"}``` ```json\n{\"text\": \"EL Karsten\\n1955\\nCatalogue\\n4 mi. SW Mariposa on Hwy 140, 2200 ft.\\nMariposa Co., Calif. April 12, 1955\\nYMP 576 Eumera gilberti adult\\nWildcat Canyon, Tilden Regional Park, Contra\\nCosta Co., Calif. May 20, 1955\\nYNPm 577 Deleogrus occidentalis\\nYNPm 578 \\\"\\nNorth side Huntington Lake, 6950 ft., Fresno Co.,\\nCalif. June 6, 1955\\n579 Rana muscosa\\n580 Hyla regilla\\n581 \\\"\\nKarin Park Meadow, 8000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif.\\nJune 7, 1955\\n582 Thamnophis elegans\\n583 Rana muscosa\\n584 \\\" \\\"\\n584a \\\" \\\" eggs\\n585 Hyla regilla\\n586 \\\" \\\"\\n587 \\\" \\\"\\n588 \\\" \\\"\\n589 \\\" \\\"\\n600 \\\" \\\"\\n590\\n601 \\\" \\\"\\n602 \\\" \\\" eggs from #601\\n603 \\\" \\\" O\"}``` ```json\n{\"text\": \"EL Karsten\\n1955\\nCatalogue\\n4 mi. SW Mariposa on Hwy 140, 2200 ft.\\nMariposa Co., Calif. April 12, 1955\\nYMP 576 Eumera gilberti adult\\nWildcat Canyon, Tilden Regional Park, Contra\\nCosta Co., Calif. May 20, 1955\\nYNPm 577 Deleogrus occidentalis\\nYNPm 578 \\\"\\nNorth side Huntington Lake, 6950 ft., Fresno Co.,\\nCalif. June 6, 1955\\n579 Rana muscosa\\n580 Hyla regilla\\n581 \\\"\\nKarin Park Meadow, 8000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif.\\nJune 7, 1955\\n582 Thamnophis elegans\\n583 Rana muscosa\\n584 \\\" \\\"\\n584a \\\" \\\" eggs\\n585 Hyla regilla\\n586 \\\" \\\"\\n587 \\\" \\\"\\n588 \\\" \\\"\\n589 \\\" \\\"\\n600 \\\" \\\"\\n590\\n601 \\\" \\\"\\n602 \\\" \\\" eggs from #601\\n603 \\\" \\\" O\"}``` ```json\n{\"text\": \"EL Karsten\\n1955\\nCatalogue\\n4 mi. SW Mariposa on Hwy 140, 2200 ft.\\nMariposa Co., Calif. April 12, 1955\\nYMP 576 Eumera gilberti adult\\nWildcat Canyon, Tilden Regional Park, Contra\\nCosta Co., Calif. May 20, 1955\\nYNPm 577 Deleogrus occidentalis\\nYNPm 578 \\\"\\nNorth side Huntington Lake, 6950 ft., Fresno Co.,\\nCalif. June 6, 1955\\n579 Rana muscosa\\n580 Hyla regilla\\n581 \\\"\\nKarin Park Meadow, 8000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif.\\nJune 7, 1955\\n582 Thamnophis elegans\\n583 Rana muscosa\\n584 \\\" \\\"\\n584a \\\" \\\" eggs\\n585 Hyla regilla\\n586 \\\" \\\"\\n587 \\\" \\\"\\n588 \\\" \\\"\\n589 \\\" \\\"\\n600 \\\" \\\"\\n590\\n601 \\\" \\\"\\n602 \\\" \\\" eggs from #601\\n603 \\\" \\\" O\"}``` ```json\n{\"text\": \"EL Karsten\\n1955\\nCatalogue\\n4 mi. SW Mariposa on Hwy 140, 2200 ft.\\nMariposa Co., Calif. April 12, 1955\\nYMP 576 Eumera gilberti adult\\nWildcat Canyon, Tilden Regional Park, Contra\\nCosta Co., Calif. May 20, 1955\\nYNPm 577 Deleogrus occidentalis\\nYNPm 578 \\\"\\nNorth side Huntington Lake, 6950 ft., Fresno Co.,\\nCalif. June 6, 1955\\n579 Rana muscosa\\n58 [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]
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EL Karlstrom 1955 Catalogue Kaiser Park, Meadow, 5000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. June 7, 1955 604 Buffalo conours ad. ? 605 " " " " 604 " " " " 609 " " " " 608 " " eggs (a full complement ?) 608a " " 0.2 miles NE Kaiser Pass, 9200 ft., Fresno Co. June 7, 1957 609 Buffalo canous ad. ?> (coll. by Deer Hildy) 610 " " " " " " " 611 " " " " 612 " " " 613 " " " 614 " " " PM & 615 " " " (coll. by Deer Hildy) 616 " " " " " 617 " " " " " " 618 " " 619 " " 620 " " ad. ? 621 " " eggs of #620 622 " " ad. ? 623 " " eggs of #623 624 " " juvenile 625 " " ad. ? 626 " " " " 627 " " " "
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Elk Karstom 1955 Catalogue 0.2 mi. NE Kaiser Pass, 9200 ft., Fresno Cr. Calif. June 7, 1955 628 Hyla regilla 629 " " 630 " " 631 " " shift to other side Home Carol midw., 7645 ft., Sierra Natl. Forest Fresno Cr., Calif. June 8, 1955 632 Bufo boreas od. o 633 " " " " 634 " " " " 635 " " od ♀ 636 " " todgeola 637 Rana muscosa 638 " " 639 " " 640 " i 11 641 " " 642 " " 643 " " todeola 643a, 643 b, 643 c Thamnophis elegans Summit midw., 8100 ft., Kings Canyon Natl. Park Fresno Cr., Calif. June 9, 1955 644 Batrachoseps attenuatus 645 " " 646 " " 647 " "
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{ "text": "[illegible]\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \"\n\n\" \" [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]
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ELK Cordestum 1955 Catalogue Summit Meadow, 8100 ft., Kings Canyon Nth. Park Forno Cr., Calif. June 9, 1955 648 Batrachoseps attenuatus 649 " " 650 " " 651 " " 652 " " 653 Rana muscosa 654 " " 655 " " 656 " " 657 " " 658 " " 659 " " 660 " " 661 Hylo regilla 662 " " Long Meadow 7500ft. 3 mi. N x NE Giant Forest, Sequoia Nth. Park, Tulare Co., Calif. June 10, 1955 663 Rana muscosa 664 " " 665 " " 666 Bufo boreas tadpoles. CCR 667 Bufo boreas adult ? LFH 668 " " " " CCR 669 " " adult > RFH 670 " " " "
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EL Karlatum 1955 Catalogue Long river, 7500 ft., 3 mi. N x NE Giant Forest, Sequoia Natl. Pk., Tulare Co., Calif. June 10, 1955 671 Bufo boreas ad. ♂ 672 " " " miscounted 673 " " " subadult 674 " " " " 675 Rana muscosa adult 6 mi. NW of Glenville, 3000 ft., Kern Co., Calif. June 11, 1955 YNP m CR. RFH 676 Eumeces gilberti Snaggen Canyon, 6 mi. SW Brown, 2600 ft., Kern Co., Calif. Western Toad June 11, 1955 677 Bufo boreas ad. ♀ Batchelder Spring, 5000 ft., 7 mi. NE Big Pine, Inyo Co., Calif. June 13, 1955 678 Sceloporus occidentalis 679 " " " 680 " " " YNP m ♀. RHY 681 " " Lizard lost " 682 " " " " 683 " " " 684 Sceloporus graciosus pin. cl. YNP m LH- 685 " " lost " LH+ 686 " " ♀. RH- 687 Uta stansburiana
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Elkarstern Catalogue Deep Springs Valley, 5200 ft., 6 mi. S of Deep Springs P.O., Inyo Co., Calif. June 13, 1955 688 Bufo (drunea) spaul ad. ♀ 689 " " " " " 690 " " " ad. ♂ 691 " " " ad. ♀ 692 " " " " " 693 " " " ad. ♂ 694 " " " " " 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 " " " tadpoles 703 Scaphiopus hammondi 704 " " " tadpoles Deep Spgs. Valley, 4 mi. SW Deep Sga. Post Office 5000 ft., Inyo Co., Calif. June 13, 1955 705 Cratoglytus wylozini D.O.R. NE edge of Big Pine, 4002 ft., Inyo Cr., Calif. June 13, 1955 706 Bufo lorem ad. ♂
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EL Karleton 1955 Catalogue Rada mdr. near Devil Postpile north monument, 7500 ft. Modera Cr., Calij. June 16, 1955 707 Thomomys elegans 708 Rara muscosa 709 " " 710 " " 711 " " 712 " " 713 " " 714 " " 2 mi. E x SE of Auberry, 3200 ft., Fresno Cr. Calij. June 6, 1955 YNP m. 715 Gamberus multicarinatus ♀ 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Civil Center School, Contra Costa Cr., Calij. June 19, 1955 GCR 716 Bufo lorena ad. ♂ LF 2+3 " 717 " " juvenile RF 2 Porcupine Flat, 8000 ft., Y.N.P., Mariposa Cr. Calij. June 25, 1955 718 Thomomys elegans 719 Bufo canorus todzolo. ? 719 Rara muscosa Arrowhead mdr., Yosemite Valley, 4000 ft., Mariposa Cr., Calij. June 24, 1955 720 Bufo lorena 720 Bufo lorena todzolo (and Hyla)
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[illegible] [illegible] 201, at mag .flo , to make [illegible] " 805 " " 605 " " 400 " " 197 " " 420 " " 517 [illegible] [illegible], by 201, made to 32 x 3 in 5 201, at mag .flo ? & decoration extended 810 [illegible] , industry 32 and w. in 12, H in C1 201, at mag .flo , to flo 815-94 to so word and 817 299 " " " " " 818 [illegible], 919, by 000?, made to make? 201, at mag .flo made into magnet 819 [illegible] and so on magnet, 31 mag , after ?after ?, to reduce 201, at mag .flo , to [illegible]
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Elkordation 1955 Catalogue Tiorja Pass, ½ mi. SE Ranger Station, 9800 ft. Tuolumne Cr., Calif., June 25, 1955 721 Bufo coronus ad. ♀ 722 " " " 723 " " " 724 " " " 725 " " ad. ♂ 726 " " " " 727 " " juv. 728 " " " 729 " " " 730 " " " 731 " " " (4 (½ ovisols) 200 yards NE Ranger Station Tiorja Pass, 9900 ft. Mono Cr., Calif., June 25, 1955 732 Bufo coronus ad. ♂ 733 " " tadpoles 734 " " eggs Heenan Lake, 10000 ft., 17 mi. E x SE Marbleville Alpine Cr., Calif., June 26, 1955 x 735 Thamnophis elegans 2.4 mi. S of Hwy. 4 on Highland Lakes Road 7800 ft., Alpine Cr., Calif., June 26, 1955 736 Bufo coronus juv. 737 " " series of yanking toads 738 " " tadpoles.
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7291 Snoop, wrote good 31 in 4 may 2001 7291, 26 mg. (8), 20 similar. " " " 150 " " " 200 " " " 200 " " " 100 9.30 " " 200 " " " " 200 my " " 100 " " " 200 " " " 200 " " " 250 ( ) " " " 140 Snoop, wrote good 31 in 4 may 2001 7291, 26 mg. (8), 20 similar. " " " 150 " " " 200 " " " 200 22x2 . in P., 32 good, that man 2001 7291, 26 mg. (8), 20 similar. people, straight 250 x looked and believed me, I would be 2. May 2001 7291, 26 mg. (8), 20 similar, 32 good " " " 200 but galley & write " " 250
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ELIKardstone 1955 Catalogue 2 1/2 mi. S of Ellbetti Pass, 8000 ft., Alpine Co., Calif. June 26, 1955 739 Bufo canorus tadpoles → NE side Bigford Lake, 8500 ft., Alpine Cr. Calif. June 26, 1955 740 Bufo canorus od. ⚠ 741 " " " " 742 " " " " 743 " " " " 744 " " " " 745 " " " " { Died in jar prior to preservation. Bad shape } 746 " " od. ← 747 " " " " 748 " " " ♀ 749 " " " " 750 " " series of preserved yearlings 751 " " juven. 752 " " " 753 " " " SE side above Bigford Lake, 8900 ft., Alpine Cr., Calif. June 26, 1955 754 Bufo canorus (coll. Jack Leygatt) 755 " " " " 756 " " " "
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(4) 2 singles, $3 each, and 100 in $ bills $120, as nap. I played across all our (5) singles, $3 each, and 100 in $ bills $120, as nap. Also Go to the corner of J ave. " " " " 140 " " " " 140 " " " " 140 " " " " 140 " " " " 140 " " " " 240 " " " " 240 " " " " 240 of long driving for $50. nap. " " 120 " " " " 120 " " " " 120 singles, $3 each, and 100 in $ bills $120, as nap. Also D (These two) also cover all J ave. " " " " 140 " " " " 140 " " " " 140
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ELKarlstein 1955 Catalogue Charity Valley, 7700 ft., Alpine Co., Calif. June 27, 1955 757 Bubo lvoree todylea 758 Bubo lvoree ½ mi. ExSE of the Niggle, 8200 ft., Alpine Cr. Calif. June 27, 1955 759 Bubo lvoree 760 " " Sentinel Beach, 4200 ft., Yosemite Valley Mariposa Co., Calif. July 1, 1955 761 Bubo lvoree hohchilusa (coll. by Paul Ellers) 200 yds. NE Targa Pass Ranger Stat. 9900 ft. Mono Co., Calif. July 8, 1955 762 Bubo convez todylea 763 " " od. o 4 mi. SE Station, Tuolumne Cr. Calif. 9800 ft. 764 " " " 765 " " juw. 766 " " " 767 " " " Ahwahnee Mtn., 4300 ft., Yosemite Valley Mariposa Co., Calif. July 8, 1955 768 Bubo lvoree hohchilusa 769 " " " Cavit. Center, 4000 ft., Yos. Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. July 12, 1955 770 Bubo lvoree od. o) (coll. new Giuntoli)
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EL Kardstrom 1955 Catalogue Cone 19, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Cr., Calif. July 13, 1955 771 Bufo boreas halophilus 772 " " " " Y.N.P. Glacier Point, 7200 ft., Mariposa Cr., Calif July 1955 773 Sceloporus occidentalis (coll. by Sol Karlin) 774 " " " " " " Precyine Flot, 8000 ft., Mariposa Cr. Calif. June 30, 1955 775 Thorunngoski elegans (coll. by Mark Hijacott) NE side Highland Lake, 8500 ft., Alpine Cr Calif. June 26, 1955 776 Hyla regilla 777 " " 778 " " 779 " " 780 " " Cone 19, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Cr., Calif. July 17, 1955 781 Bufo boreas Glacier Canyon, 2a 1 mi. N x NE Tuiza Pass, 10,500 ft., Mono Cr., Calif. July 17, 1955 782 Bufo corurus ad. ? (coll. by M.S. Ware) 783 " " " " " " jun.
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ELKadatum 1955 Catalogue Faith Valley, 7500 ft., Algerie Cr., Calif. July 19, 1955 784 Bufo boreas todysola 6 mi. W Ellett Pass, 7700 ft., Algerie Cr., Calif., July 20, 1955 785 Bufo boreas todysola 786 Ambystoma macrodtylum 787 " " 788 " " 789 "" Escaped from aquarium NE side Highland Lake, 8500 ft., Algerie Cr. Calif. July 20, 1955 790 Bufo canorus od. ? 791 " " od. ?> 792 " " " 793 " " " 794 " " " 795 " " juv. 796 " " todysola Tayon rdwr., 8200 ft., 1 mi. N Highland Lake Algerie Cr., Calif. July 20, 1955 797 Bufo canorus todysola Tioga Pass, 1/2 mi. SE Tioga Stat., 9800 ft. Twolumne Cr., Calif. July 19, 1955 798 Bufo canorus od. ?> 799 " " " 800 " " " 801 " " juv. devoted Yosemite museum 8016 " " ""
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E.Kalstein 1955 Catalogue Sentinel mdr., 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. July 21, 1955 802 Bufo boreas od. ? (coll. by Paul Elkins) 803 " " " " " " " " Cany 19, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. July 25, 1955 804 Bufo boreas (coll. M.S. Kalstein) 805 " " " " " " 806 " " (coll. Mary V. Hood) Alwahner mdr., 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley Mariposa Co., Calif. Aug. 23, 1955 807 Bufo boreas od. ? 808 " " " " & stomach 808a " " testes preserved Brown 8/24/55 LT 10.4x4.1 mm. 3.0.2mm. RT 11.3x4.5 " " 4mm Warehouse Area Court Center, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Aug. 26, 1955 809 Bufo boreas od. ? (coll. new G'entoli) SO 89.5mm stomach + cdm contents preserved, also eggs & fat body. 1/2 mile S Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9800 ft. Tuolumne Co., Calif. Aug. 30, 1955 810 Bufo carnos 51.8 od ? 811 " " 42.6 812 " " 813 " " LF2 814 " " od ? LF3 815 " " " 816 " " "
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EL Karstern 1955 Catalogue 300' yds. NE Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft. Mono Co., Calif. Aug. 20, 1955 817 Bufo canorus (series of metamorphosed toadlets) 818 " " ad. ? s-v 49.9 mm. s-v. 819 " " " 48.2 mm. " } skeletons 820 " " ad. ? 49.5 mm. " 821 " " juv 30.1 sex ? 822 " " 823 " " Covt. Warehouse area, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley Mono Co., Calif. Sept. 3, 1955 93.5 ♀ 824 Bufo boreas holoedilus (coll. new Gunteli) 825 " " " " " 826 " " " " " Canyon 19, 4000 ft., Yoz. Valley, Mono Co. Calif. Sept. 4, 1955 827 Bufo boreas holoedilus Covt. Residence area, 4000 ft., Yoz. Valley Mono Co., Calif. June-July 1955 74.8 ♀ 828 Bufo boreas holoedilus ad. ? { collected by local 829 " " " " kids and kept for exhibit at museum 830 " " " " Hatchet Hatchy Dam, 3200 ft., Tuolumne Co., Calif. June 1955 831 Clemmys marmorata ad. ♀ laid 7 eggs Yoz. Museum July 23, 1955. Collected by Marshall "Buck" Evans Ruger at Matther Station.
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EL Karleton 1955 Catalogue Ahwahnee Meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Sept. 8, 1955 832 Bufo boreas (5) juvenile 833 " " adult 834 " " " 835 " " " 836 " " " Radioactive 1/2 mi. S Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9500 ft. Twolumne Co., Calif. Summer 1955 Died & dued 10/9/55 837 Bufo canorus ad. ♀ (Exhibited Yosemite Museum) Yosemite Valley, 4000 ft., YNP, Mariposa Co., Calif. Summer 1955 838 Bufo boreas { collector unknown. Exhibited 839 " " } Yosemite Museum. 3 mi. NW of Walnut Creek, Santa Clara Co., Calif. Oct Sept. 27, 1955 exorted live 840 Sceloporus occidentalis adult to NES { 841 " " juv. 300+ yds NE Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft. Mono Co., Calif. Oct. 8, 1955 842 Bufo canorus juveniles (5) 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Civic Center Richmond, Santa Clara Co., Calif. Nov. 13, 1955 843 Bufo boreas ad. ♀
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Elkardtann 1955 Catalogue 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W eirte Cote, Richmond Cenra Costa Co., Calif. nov. 19, 1955 844 7 mi. SE Fayetteville, Fayette Co., Texas Oct. 1955 ERU #250 845 Bufo wallicerae #251 846 fowleri
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Field Notes 1955 Journal
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El Kadarum 1955 Journal Feb. 17 Left Berkeley 4:35 A.M. MV2 truck with Bol- and son John Stebbins, Dick Russell. Used route Walnut Creek, Tracy, Merced. Heavy but patchy fog, particularly on western 1/2 of Sacramento Valley. Arrived Merced 7:45 A.M., gas store. Took State Hwy 140 to Yosemite. Overcast, slight drizzle in foothills. Placoda 116.4. Possible Scaphiognathus localities where creek crosses road 124.3 and 124.9, Lloyds Canal 129.7, Mt Bullion cutoff (to Hwy 49) 139.1. First stop 2 1/2 mi. S of Brucelburg, 2400 feet Mojavea Co., Calif. Checked W and SW facing slopes above Bear Creek. Toucha torosa snail on road bed and I took one & 2 feet from creek. Moisture on slope at this time but possibly too dry in summer for plethodontids. Next stop further down the Brucelburg Grade (149.7) (Copeadora) actually 1.6 road miles S of Brucelburg but official locality written first by Stebbins as 2 mi. S of Brucelburg, 1900 feet, Mojavea Co., California NE facing slope 30-40°. Small creek cascades down to pass thru recently built culvert along and under newly widened and paved Hwy 140. Slope here have been "control"-burned last September. Rock blasted off hillside above (W of) the road. Dr. Gorman had previously collected Ensatina e. xanthoptica here. Russell discovered first Hydromantes drummii and R. Stebbins took another, I took 3 Toucha [illegible] also snails.
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EL Karlstrom 1955 Journal Feb. 17 Torcaza sicensis from a pool formed by the creek. Live and D.O.R. Taricha first encountered near Top of Brideling Grade, about 3000 feet altitude. We counted 46 D.O.R. Taricha over 1.6 road miles between mentioned locality and Brideling. Brideling mileage (151.3) Brideling, 1500 feet, Mariposa Co., California SE slope above French River in area just SW of Brideling Inn. 6 Hydromantes brunus, 2 Oreides lugubris, 5 Batrachoseps, 1 Diadophis. Overcast but some short periods of sunshine. Surface moist and good soil. Rain had commenced Feb. 16 after long dry spell. Taricha out but none taken here. Gnorini's Fork French and French River, 1500 ft. Mariposa Co., Calif. SE of Burg 140 up the stage down south bank of the Fork. 2 Oreides, 2 Batrachoseps! Ensatia. Light drizzle from here into Yosemite Valley where we checked in with Hubbard for social call. Snow on valley floor varied from a few to 15 inches. Intermittent drizzle, low clouds obscuring Half Dome and other high points, cool. Base of Cathedral Rocks, 4160 feet, Y.N.P., Mariposa Co., Calif. 7 Ensatia (3 juveniles) taken on snow- patched 25-30 deg slope S side of valley above (East of) note several Batrachoseps collected at bridge Trading Post; 1 mile WSW of El Portal, 7700 ft., Mariposa Co., Calif. About 5 Batrachoseps live but
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EL Karlsthum 1955 Journal Feb. 17 No sign of otter salamanders even after extensive rocks and litter rolling ups along the small mine treadle built here. Stebbins and Cornin got nothing here in Feb. 1953. This is probable most easternmost locality (authentic) for Batrachosps, although the questionable Yosemite Park (ran Chigoguin?) locality once verbally reported to John Harduckman may have been valid. Stebbins told me that Harduchman never did write the locality down or check it out after given it dry a YNP Ranger. We left Yosemite Valley about 4 P.M. Otter stop at Bridelung where additional Hydranutes (3?) taken. The roadside about 2 miles NE of Bridelung was checked out but no Hydromantes, Stebbins and Cornin never had been able to extend their range northward from Cornin's type locality 0.7 mi. NE Brideling, small Oneidas, Batrachosps taken. Supper stop N side of Monojion. Took Mt. Bullion cutoff to Hwy 140. Overcast sky, cool, moderate winds. Several listening stops for spadefoot toads. Bylas only heard. 8 P.M. 7 mi. E, 5 miles N of Plorida, about 500 ft, Meryjira Co., Calif. Small brook crosses road number of times line. Rora catalbeina tadad and 2 large adults, 1 subadult collected. Bylas (few) out and calling. Eggs not seen. Sky clearing, air 10-12°C. Live adult Bufo boree on Hwy 140, 4 mi. NE of Plorida, Meryjira Co., Calif. Also D.O.R. 3 mi. NE Plorida
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EL Kalstein 1955 Journal March 19 MVZ and Zool. 137 close trip to northwest coast of California. Left campus 6:45 A.M., took ferry from Richard to Son Reford, then U.S. 101 north. Foggy over Bay but clearing, four ships after. Went to Skaggs Spring just N of Geyserville on 101. First two stops 1-1/2 mi. W of Skaggs Spring. Onides florije (5) A., lugubris (1), Batrachospea, Taricha rivuloris (15), T. grandora (large adult ov), Carchnotus multic. (1), Scalog. (5), Eumeres (3), Diodyskoi (1). Six of us collecting (R. Stephens, Wilfred Ward [dein club] Rust Combs, Bob Golden, Don Roberts of Zool. 137 class). Actually, two local creeks at Skaggs were searched. A small tributary creek emptying into Warm Spring Creek had the Diconetodon lowae. Both creeks had Taricha, and it appeared as if rivuloris were going up the culvert under road to reach the tributary. We drove back to Hwy. 101, continued north past Geyserville and then took Hwy 128 (#28 or more) second stop 11 A.M. W of McDonald (see catalog for exact localities) where R. boylei and many Onides lugubris taken. Upper Sisson country has but coniferous growth getting lower on N-facing slopes. Clear skies, moderate breeze. 3rd stop just W of Navarro where Onides, Batrachospea taken. We then came to Hwy I on the coast. Brief stop 1-2 P.M. at
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ELKordston 1955 Journal march 19 Russian Gulch State Park. this is southern known limit of Oacoglua. Stollis saye 2 adutls were collected like^22 Hydr here by Bill Salt. Lab identification came later. We searched stems and edges for both Oacoglua and Dicymoptera without luck. Rosa aurora (2) were collected. 4th stop 1/2 mi. N Rockysent. Amblyst. gracile adult & egg clusters, Bothrodreane, Ensatina, Gerdonius crinulus taken. First Ameides ferrus collected at 5th stop, 6 mi. N of Rckysent. A. ferrus, A. lugubris, "Bota", Ensatina taken. Sugar Gardenville. Overnight camp at Stephen Grove #, Humboldt State Park on U.S. 101. Hydr, 2 longears collected in Ed River. march 20 major stop at 3.7 mi. E Blue lake on 299 above Cresta. Clear, mild weather. Good flow in my creeks, although no real rain for week or so (?) Boomville gaz station operator said no rain for 3 weeks that locality. Physotium adults (14) ad larvae (11) collected along creek. Ameides ferrus, Rosa aurora, Hydr dar taken. No Plattdon elongatus last collecting stop for our car (Ward's) was 3 1/2 mi. S Scotia on 101. Large yard fire. Hydr (7) R. aurora (2) and eggs + tadls, Amblystoma gracile eggs, Taricha granulosa at 2:30 p.m. Home via Gardenville & Napa Valley 10:30 p.m.
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El Karstman Journal April 12 left MVZ 8:30 A.M. for Yosemite Valley. Driving along this trip, initial speedmeter reading 35477.8 at MVZ, tank full. Tracy 9:50, Modesto 10:20. Merced (35604.0) at 11:15 A.M. Hazy sun in valley, mild temperatures. Valley generally dry, no standing water in yortor creeks along highway until I hit U.S. 99 from Modesto to Merced. Placida on Hwy 140 (613.8) east side of town Standing water in gorge (614.6) and a culvert 21.1. Road to Hornitos (630.0) and cutoff to Mt. Bullim (634.4). I stayed on Hwy 140 to Mariposa. First stage (637.6) a small tributary to Agua Fria Creek. Shallow flow in the creek, hillsides dry. One Eumeces gilberti taken here. Mariposa (642.2) SW end of town. Took road toward Warm Bar, along creek. Park area near the Fairgrounds 1.8 miles from Mariposa. Conversation with a lady who lived near the pond (part on her property) revealed fact that bullfrogs were there. She has seen "Toads" (probably Bufo?) around her house. She dammed-up hole near the cumbel rock plant on this road (between Mariposa & Fairgrounds) has been in existence at least three years. Drove directly to Yosemite Valley, arriving at museum 2:15 P.M. (5688 speedmeter) Hazy warm sun continued, same in valley.
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EL Karstens 1955 Journal April 12 the Valley floor looks snow and it is partly on the river bed in the draws. Practically none on south-facing rim. The meadows are much drier than this time last year (see Buffalo accounts). Wolf Den has relatively small footprints on top. meadow are 9/10ths brown, but green grasses are appearing. Weather remained still and quite clear into the evening, much water in the major [illegible] the river is not high, and many small tributaries to it are bone dry. The forecast appears to be one of Yosemite's (California's) driest seasons. Evening check of several meadows in Yosemite Valley. meadow S & SW of Court Center - Hyla active but no signs of Bufo. Thamnophis observed in a pool, apparently preying on Hyla. Air tense. 7:50 P.M. 7.3° C. 1" above dry meadow grass. Evening clear and cool, no freeze. Also checked stream meadow. April 13 Bright, clear cool morning 6:30 A.M. Worked at museum reading weather equipment for field. Set up weather station 9:30-12:30 in Lateral meadow. Dizzy sun after 10 A.M. following clear morning. Warm, T-shirt valley, weather out in the meadow (Gas 3.1 gallons #1.00) check along Glacier Point road 1:15-3 P.M. cloudy sky, cool above 5000 feet. Left Valley 4:30 P.M. after getting 3.1 gallons Yosemite "liquid gold". Speedometer (750.1) Very
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El Karstern 1955 Journal April 13 - brief stop at Bricley Hydromata burne locality. much too dry on surface and under objects. Cloudy dull weather continued into evening but no possibility of rain, moderately cool. Stop at Mojave for gas at 6:15 p.m. 14.9 gallons, speedmeter (35796.4) checked Mariposa Creek, a tributary of [illegible] thereof, which runs SE through the west side of town, one block W of main street (Hwy. 140) Breeding toads present, also adult bull frogs along one stretch of the creek. Air temp. 7:15 p.m. was 13.2° C., mild breeze, still high clouds in sky. Left Mariposa Creek locality 8:35 p.m. and continued on Hwy 140 to foothills. Brief disturbing stops along road east of Glorida. Hyln only heard, no speedfoot toads. Drive straight home to Berkeley after supper stop merged. Crawled home 12:15 a.m. April 26 Left MVZ 7:40 A.M. accompanied by John and Sarah Burns. Speedmeter 36128.4, tank full 15.5 gallons, $4.60. Clear morning Berkeley area. Hills on east side as green as I've seen them. The effects of recent rains are evident in gorge land west of the Socramento Valley. Little standing water in creek beds along road in the valley. Merged 10:15 A.M. cloudy over foothills of [illegible]. We hit slight squalls of rain east of Glorida, hail above 1000 feet.
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Elk Alston 1955 Journal April 26 Patches of snow in draws and under the trees above 1500 feet. Intermittent light showers and sunshine at Morjosa where we made stop at noon. Bear Creek on way to Bridalveil was clear, medium high - but some other tributaries high and muddy. Collecting stop at Bridalveil 2 p.m. Unsettled skies, cool. Ground quite damp from recent rains. Creeper, Tanila Batidrosipes, Eumeces gilberti, Diadophis, Rana collected but no Hydromantes. We checked our stitch of Hwy 140 a few miles east of Bridalveil where heavy seeps forming small pools along road. One Tonika (juvenile) under rock. Nothing else. Snow persists on slopes above about 1500-2000 feet. Light snow falling just before we reached Yosemite Valley. The area has received much recent snow, about 6-10" stands on valley floor. By 4:30 p.m. snowfall picked up. Snow ceased falling by 6:30 p.m. and by 9:30 the skies clear with early phase of new moon lighting Valley. Air temp. 9:30 p.m. = -0.2°C. Quick check of Stevenson and dartical meadows. Ibysa chasing. No toads heard or seen. April 27 Water in jars kept in car froze solid last night. Today clear ad sunny. Fort thaw apparent as early as 9 A.M. Check of Stevenson meter 10-12 A.M. Not snow off has by noon, and snow melted partially in meadow.
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E.L. Karlstrom 1955 Journal April 27 We left Valley late afternoon. By 4:30 P.M. Stoveran Meadow retains only small patches of snow. Sky remained clear thru evening. Margina at 7:30 P.M. About 8 Bufo and 2 Ran collected in creek SW side of town. Even cooled down to air temp. of 10-12° C. by 8 o'clock. Return Berkeley 1 P.M. May 10 Left Albany 6:45 A.M. with Rose Hidy in his Pontiac. East Bay Freeway to San Leandro and Bury. So east. Merged for gas and coffee 9:30 A.M. Crest Valley clear and mild. Some standing water in creek beds and were medium high. Sierra foothills green from quite recent rains, skies clear. Made stop along Bear Creek near Bend Creek Inn on Hwy 140. Streams clear. Raney Baylei seen. Hellgranites (m?) collected by rolling stones in swift water and letting them swoosh into a deej net. Merged River high, mostly white water. (to 12") 6 rainbows, 1 whiting caught with hellgranites and sugar-sugar lures in yurts Indian Fork area. nine others caught in deep pools above Arch Rock Ranger Station. Hidy took an 8 " broach at Valley View. Yosemite Valley water table rise, much higher than last summer. Falls loaded with rushing water, temp. in 60's late afternoon. Night check along Glacier
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ELKaddeton 1955 journal May 10 Point road 8:30-10:15 A.M. Snow drifts above about 6000 feet, over a foot deep Peregoy meadow at 7200 ft. Air temp. 2" above soggy meadow at 9:50 A.M. 1.5° C. at Peregoy mdr. Clear stormy sky. No toads heard or could be induced to till Returned to Valley 10:30 P.M. Toads emerged for breeding Stonecon and Abwohnee meadows. ? and -> at Stonecon. About 20 ->'s (no ?) at Abwohnee. All worked but one adult -> collected NE side of Abwohnee meadow. Air temp. cold 6.5° C. at Stonecon 12:15 A.M. but water temps. clear to 10-11° C. Sky clear, no freeze. 3/4 moon illuminated much of Valley by 1 A.M. Next day clear and mild again. Snow is partly on north-facing draws and slopes. Half Dome has patch of snow at this time; Cloud's Feet still blanketed. Check of Peregoy meadow (necessary to unlock fine gate to get this far) about 10:45 A.M. Clear blue skies, temp. 9-10° C. (air). Melt of snow continues at fairly rapid rate, no toads. Returned to shift max-min. Thermometer from Sentinel to Abwohnee meadow at 11:30 A.M. Toads still in yards at Abwohree. Clear skies, bright sun, temp. about 15° C. (air) at 12:30 P.M. Clear, warm day continued into evening. Returned Berkeley 10 P.M.
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EL Kaldeth journal May 18 Left Albany alone in Plymouth at 6:10 A.M. Clear, mild morning Bay area. Took East Shore Freeway south to Davis St. in San Leandro, then cut east to Hwy 50. Low haze over Central Valley but clear skies and lovely temperatures. East side of Bay area hills still green. Irrigation water in Central Valley at good level, some standing irrigation pools. Rivers medium high water. Mailed 8:50 A.M. Gas 9.9 gals. (36985.4). Stop about 2 mi. E. Florida on Hwy 140. Cattle watering trough and two shallow (to 3") muddy pools. No sign of ovunar eggs or larvae. Stop by bridge (37005.2) where water standing in pool creek bottom. Cattail much deeper (2') ponds. (2 toad) Bullfrog larvae very abundant along with adults. One Scalogerus record. The Orange-spot gloos on 140 (37008.1) and Pomitra road (12.9). A & Scalogerus shut an road about 2 mile N of Morrison cutoff (Hwy 140 to 49) at 11 A.M. Day continued clear and hot, but fewer lizards not abundant along highway. Fished a couple hours between Indim Flot ad Brucburg. Super-Super raised 4 trout, only one looked at it lost. Trout hand fast action of lure, not slow drawing it in after cast. Clarence "Red" Walley (zz?) warning cook Lodge Cafeteria, stopped and chatted. Local men correcting with yellow salmon eggs and worms. I had no luck with worms ad/or spinner. Mailed high but quite clear for this time of year. Drive into Yoz. Valley 3 P.M. Still warm and clear.
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[illegible] 32)464 12/ 32/48 GJ/N
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EL Karadath 1955 Journal May 18 Worked Churchne Meadow 4:30-6:30. Few birds out and caught these. Night check of Churchne, Stonewm, Sentinel Meadows 8:45-12 midnight. Air cooled down to 9+°C but sky clear and star- May 19 Lit, no breeze. Slag Camp 4. Morning check of Churchne mdr. 7:30-8:00 A.M. Air temp. (0°C) slaked early during check at study site. Clear blue skies, no breeze, it may be a swinder. From we supposed to have 90° yesterday. Still, clear, sunny 9 A.M. Use Gloria Point Rd. Chiquagon (96.3) First stop (99.2) black-headed gros- beak along road 55:00 ft., many robins. Second stop (99.6) 3 [illegible], Para muscra todgulos. Bridwell Bridge to mso whr. trail 2.0 road miles. no time to hike into mso mdr. this trip. Small meadow W side of road 1/4 mile by road NE of Bridwell Bridge. no birds. Returned Yos. Valley and went Big Oak Flats road to Crane Flot, then Tiger Road as far as Gin Flot. Arrived 3:15 P.M. Clear skies, warm & sunny. Return Bar Mojave 8 P.M. 12.5 gallons $4.06 (7210). First night stop 18 mi. (road) W of Mojave. Balding evening. Bullfrogs only heard. 10 adults collected for culinary purposes. Doubled back on Hwy 140 to Cathay. Took road to Hornitos, Marced Falls, Snelling, Turlock. Night road check 9-10:30 P.M. dry narrow black-top road elevation 300-1200 feet. Air cool, high 50's F°, but presently warm after hot
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Elkordatum 1955 journal May 19 day. Only large on road was one adult at Bullfrog Taken near Bonito's. About 10-12 live Dipteromyia, 6 Peromyscus, cotton-tail rabbit seen. Pavement more dry. Agricultural graze land along road will force-drive heavy with vegetation. Reptiles probably seldom seek the road at night this situation. Tundra, Prodester on U.S. 99. Plan 132, 33, Hwy 50 Tracy, San Leandro, freeway to Albany. Arrived home 2:10 A.M. June 4 left Berkeley 4:10 P.M. accompanied by Drew Hidy in Plymouth. Initial mileage 37838. Clear but day. Hills east of San Leandro dry & brown. Temperature 95° in Valley late afternoon. Gas Prodester 14.1 gallons (37927) at $4.40. Last time tank filled Berkeley 37700, arrived Yosemite Valley 10:45 P.M. (One gopher snake collected 2 mi. w of Mariposa on 1 July 140 - live adult.) Evening clear and mild. Camped at Cone 15. Early morning sawade dry Scirea chrysolea, black-headed grosbeaks, steller jays, robins. June 5 checked water station Ahwahnee Motor. Clear, cool morning but sun hit Valley about 7:30 A.M. (O.S.) Buffo toads observed. Afternoon trip via Glacier Point Road, then trail to Wama Meadow, an old census locality. Rana and Theroptygis only - not a sign of toads over a meadow area fully 3/4 mile x 200-300 yards width. Some high clouds but mostly sunny, hot, no breeze. Time 2-4 P.M.
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ELKadation 1955 Journal June 5 Brief stop at Beagay meadow. No eggs or tods sugger (N) side of road. max-min. thermeter checked & removed. Little bird life observed but many signs of active rodents. Bullock's wile seen from distance over meadow. Return Valley for sugger. Night check 10:00-11:15 of Churchree mdrw. Clear, mild, still evening. About 7 toods marked, are recognized. June 6 Yosemite Valley. Clear, still, hot day. Worked churchree meadow 10:45 - 12 noon. Tods collected, pictures taken. Air temp. about 85° F. before noon. Left Camp 19 Yosemite Valley 2:30 P.M. (38124) Go stop Cornell Cofe on road to Bass Lake (38170) 11.8 gds. at 4,61. Car loaded up on road climbing up from Auberry. Speedmeter 35209. One Carlnotus multicristus collected. Buntingtn Lake 28238. Warm clear evening. Camped at Deer Creek Camp. Night check 9-10 P.M. but no Bufer. Hyla and scava insassa taken. June 7 Recorded reel #1 Folkwaya Inc. Tape recorder from 5:40-6:20 A.M. Cool, still morning. Temp. 7-10° C. (Case Recording notes). Left Deer Creek Camp 8:45 a.m. for Kaiser Pass. Arrived 9:30 a.m. warm and mostly clear except for high billowy cloud. Collected Kaiser Park mdrws., 8000 ft 9:45-11:30 A.M. Then Kaiser Pass mdrws. Recorded reel no. 2 of cameras Over 2 dozen adult toods collected plus eggs, 1 jew. Rana (+eggs) Hyla. Breeze came up about 1 o'clock.
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Elkodontum 1955 Journal June 7 Deer, song finch (2), gurnees, white-crowned sparrows in Pass area. Returned to Huntington 3:30 P.M. to work on specimens, took mugger, Western townee (2) heard & seen. Motorboat on lake prevented recording it. left Billy Creek Camp in Huntington 8 P.M. Drove Hwy 168 to Fresno by 10:15 P.M. Hot (in 80½) in Valley. Stayed overnight at L.D. Moore's. June 8 Left Fresno 8 A.M. via Hwy 180 to Kings Canyon. Hot morning, clear and still. Excellent highway into Park. Valley floor and lower foothills very dry. Good transition zone not reached until well over 4000 feet elevation. Shrikes, sculp gulls, Calif. woodpecker, linnets seen upper canyon zone along road. Talked with Stanley D. Bechtel, Dist. Ranger, K.C. Nat'l Park at Entrance Station. He reports birds out at night in residential area due at Grant Grove (where I'm writing this). He didn't recall seeing toads in Booring River Canyon while near N into S Fork of Kings River. One of his men is going into canyon then in 10 days. Bechtel promised cooperation in getting toads (or pictures) for me. Write one of K.C. I gave him my name and Yosemite address. Grant Grove 10:30 A.M. Warm & clear. Took Kodakhome $25. Drove west Riviera Vista 50 people facing Ex N.E. toward Ingh County above Kings Canyon. This Granite Lakes area should be checked someday for draft canaries but we do not have the time to push up into this area. We took dirt road heading N.E. to
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ELKadeturn 1955 Journal June 8 Horse Cornell Meadow, about 7600 ft. (4/15.8) Stop at Big Meadow to talk to people living there. Two middle-aged (?) ladies Madeleine Cochran (Col. '24) and Jera Chism (Col. '22, on entomology major then and now teaching grade school Twelve) informed me that in 20 years of hiking this back country they had not seen true Toads. They did know Ibexa and Bona dy common name. Big mdr. for Bona muscosa and Ibexa, according to their description. Continued up rugged we have road to San David Bar 7 Rock Station (4/25.9). Young poachers had no knowledge of beaver. They did say that this country has just been freed of snow in last few weeks. Car parked beyond Horse Cornell mdr. (4/27.8) Lodgepole pine, Jeffrey pine, red fir forest. Wet typical Cascadian zone meadows used for grazing stock. Buffalo louse todaydate taken. Also about a dozen young rainbow trout for our lunch supper. Weather continued clear and hot. Night collecting Horse Cornell Meadow yielded 4 adult toads, 3 Thornhills elegans and more Bona muscosa. Clear, still overcast evening. No toad calls, however. June 9 Clear, mild morning. We camped at site along Big Meadow Creek just W of Horse Gravel Meadow. Maximum-minimum thermometer registered a low of 410 F last night. After breakfast we hiked about 2½ miles NE to Summit Gravel Meadow, 8100 ft., a high Cascadian zone meadow near lookout Peak which sport overlooks Kings River Canyon. Botrichaega attenuata taken due (on altitude
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EL Kolatum 1955 Journal June 9 record for the species of some 2000 ft. Weather clear and warm. Rox and Hydn collected. Black-capped chickadee, mnt. bluebird, Olive-sided flycatcher (probably) - high in fir spruce, loud song. Meadow sparrow not suited for toad breeding. Liked look to Horse Cornell road. Drive back out nearer rough, are love road to Sequoia highway. Arrived Giant Forest 3 P.M. Drive back road up to Long Meadow, a reservoir over at location of Wolverton Creek. Butter Brown ride here. We bird-geared age about 4 miles to Heather Lake in attempt to three stands break way into high country around Table Meadows, 10,000 ft ±. Snow drifts along trail above 8000 ft., heavy drift around Heather Lake which was 3/2nds frozen over. It's too early to work this high country. We arrived at high point above Heather Lake and made a hurried camp at 7:45 due to approaching darkness. Then night with minimum temp. of about -2-3° C. (estimate) June 10 Walked down 8:30 A.M. to Heather Lake but lake frozen. Cannot seen edge of lake. Tried fishing but difficult to get lure into water through thin glaze of ice. Fishing party of two in previous day got limit of brook trout in 3 lakes up here. They reported sightly 20"+ brook trout in Heather Lake. Roger Anderson down below at Long Meadow confirmed presence of such monsters. This is really rugged Hudsonian zone country. Whitebark pine dominant but lodgepole, red fir pines up here. mnt. bluebird abundant. Methode, 3 or 4? Lodgepole ? Lodge pole chickadee, junco.
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ELK Lake Storm 1955 Journal June 10 Walked back down to Long Meadow at 12:45 p.m. Walked meadow for couple hours. Rose adults and Buffor [illegible] taken. Cooler today with drizzle SW wind but clear skies. Clemage, while my spouse, poles at Kaweah campground. Night climb of Crescent Meadow 7:30 p.m. Plan only seen. Doesn't appear to be a good Buffor meadow. Climb of Mors Rock to watch sunset. A highlight of this night climb of Long Meadow 9-10:45 p.m. 8 [illegible] taken. June 11 Kaweah Campground. Female bear raised all kinds of hell last night. She broke open our metal food locker while we were out doing night work in spite of close proximity of our camping next neighbor. During the night she trotted down a cache suspended 6-8' above the ground by nearby [illegible], ate up our #5 worth of Stein's gnud over to steering open the canned goods, broke window in sedan, climbed in and stole out Ford. She just wouldn't close. I got sounding of her grunts while tired 5:15 A.M. Later we discovered her 2 cubs in 50' tall white fir. We would've love been there! Gas 14.5 gal. (4.60) Porterville. Mileage (38857) at 12 noon. Lunch hour. Took road from Owen to Glenville (road poorly marked) then over Crawford into the Lebecelle Hwy 178 over Walker Pass to U.S. Hwy 6 Groceries & supper at Dagdahan after arriving 5:15 p.m. A nice drive up through Upper Sonora into Tranquility of Greenhorn Mt. State Park area but very slow and winding. Very dusty from Summit Lodge to Lebecelle Reservoir. Exhusted highway rest of way. We made a couple
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ELK Canyon 1955 Journal June 11 of very brief log rolling stages southwest. One Eumeces gilberti collected 6 miles NW of Glenville. Other skinkae seen. Very dry under oak logs. Cedar Creek up toward Bearman Park had some water. We hit it lucky weather-wise. Heat wave subdued yesterday. Valley today a high of 80° with starchy freeze, intense up toward Walker Pass area. East side of Gorge had extensive cottonwood wind with redwing blackbirds breeding there. We did not jump force to check for tods. Warm windy and dry bee in anytown. Evening & supper stages here. At dusk about 8 P.M. we started driving roads in search of reptiles. Unfortunately the weather has cooled off past couple of days. Brief winds have kept roads from warming up sufficiently. Blockstone try. 8:20 A.M. about 23° C. Return to U.S. high ceiling. read up Grosvenor Canyon. One adult ♀ Buffon on road. June 12 Slept along highway N of Glenville, Inger Cr. Gas stage line give 13.0 gal. ($4.55) mileage 38882 at 9:15 A.M. Clear warm morning Owens Valley. From Independence we drove up steep narrow mountain road to Owen Valley 9000+ ft. White? Sawbrie in this Canyon McQuistan 1912 caught a Buffon in normal traps, locality vague (Kernsey Pass?). It could have been Owen Valley or even lower. I talked to Vic Taylor who has worked this area for 30 years. He claims never having seen a toad about the Owens Valley area, and he has seen many around Independence. Local information on toads is extremely spotty as evidenced by my King Canyon (Big Meadow) information of last week. Drew and I jerked
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Elkordatum 1955 Journal June 12 & lunch and started up toward Pattle and Bent Lakes. at 11 A.M. Dry, clear windy day. Cool at this elevation. The first large lake up toward Lake is Gilbert Lake but a small 75 yards across lake in 2 1/2 miles by trail above Orin Valley. Elevation 10,000 feet. Some patches of snow on southern exposure, heavy willow growth, droggy at lake margins. No signs of orvons at all. We fished inlet flows and got 7 small brook trout to 6". 1:15 P.M. fished another 1/2 mile to Gilbert Lake, 10,400 ft. Heron near to 3-4' at southern edge of lake. Again no orvons. We fished back to Orin Valley late afternoon, fished margins and clefted margin area. Cool, windy. Stock watering good near Dollie Lake station, droggy lower part of margin. Creek closes into valley from three directions. Vic Taylor, associated with fishing outfit there, told me lower margin area droggy late into summer. We found no orvons. Wild iris, sedges, weak willow growth in margin. Dave Dean Canyon 7:30 P.M. Crossed margin 6800 ft. on way out for Independence Creek rolling swiftly through it. Didn't seem suitable for trout (?) Stayed overnight Dick Gorchava in Bisley after drying next margin time in Big Pine. June 13 Rosey went down on return trip to Big Pine. She gave was had missed a second look in the tube. 11:15 A.M. (38895) Took road N of Big Pine over Westgard Pass. Mostly clear, but, light breeze. Stop made at Batchelder Springs 7 mi NE & Big Pine. Old caloria, springs blue. Salophorus.
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Elkerton 1955 Journal June 13 accidatela (6), S. gervinus (3), Uta stamburina (1) taken. Half day Cnemidophorus seen but they eluded our nettes. Arrived at Deep Spring School (The R.O. of moza) at 1:15 P.M. A lady then directed us down southward through school property to the lake. We identified the lake to the N ad W. No sign of water although presence of Juncus in patches indicated some recent moisture. The Lake is a completely dry salt bed. Finally we drove west pasture with cattle grazing on it about 1/2 mile N of the dry lake. Difficult driving the rutty "roads" but with a low slung station wagon. The spring is from a regular marsh habitat lined with sedges forming extensive clumps. The marshy area measures about 40-50 yards x 75 yards with some deep ponds to at least 3-4 feet depth (see buffer notes). It was hot and dry air until sunset around 8 o'clock. A brisk breeze blew across the valley floor. Drew Widy found a single adult spadefoot at 3:45 P.M. in a water-filled half depression made by the cattle now grazing in awe. I began recording red-wing blackbirds and yellow-headed blackbirds at about 7:15 P.M. Later we collected 14 B. lora, 1 Scaphiopus adult and samples of larvae of each. Night temperatures cooler about 9 P.M. 15.8° C. We drove northward the 6 miles to the school and then took the main road out Westford Pass to Bigginie. She is an approach to the lake from the east end of main road at the more southwesterly end of the valley but our
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Elkordstein 1955 Journal June 13 Information from the lady at the school was that the road was almost impassable. I can believe that often we almost dragged down trying to reach the lake from the north and east approaches. Slight clay road ran Big Pine. Single or B. brown taken roadside just north of town at 10:55 P.M. June 14 Drive into Bridge to clean up and get breakfast. Gas 12.5 gals., $4.70 (5986.9). Clear sunny morning. We circled up Sherwin Grade in Mora County. Slue me MVZ looks from Little Round Valley. From near McGee Creek Rest on Hwy 395, Mor Co. [illegible] a dirt road winds up 2 miles to McGee Creek Park station. I talked with Russ Johnson of San Diego, owner of the station. He identified a Bubo lower I showed him as the kind he had seen near his springs a few days ago. The carrion and hyla were forms he recalled seeing up at higher elevations. If his sight record of lower is correct then it would place the species above 8000 ft. We checked pasturing vendors, the orange for signs of eggs or larvae. No luck. Warm sunny day with moderate breeze. It's possible to drive 1/2 mile further up Canyon. Stream bottom here choked willow and aspen. Returned to highway 2:30 P.M. and drove S on 795 to Tonis Golden eagle at 8000 ft. along road. Place for groceries. Then we drove up dirt (fair slope) road to Rock Creek Lake, 9727 ft, Junge Co. Camp at small lake just below the large lake. Looks like carrion collected but no luck. Night check negative. June 15 Camp at Rock Creek Lake. Recorded bird calls 8-8:30 P.M.
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ELKadatum 1955 journal June 15 last night. We spent 4-5 hours in vicinity of Rock Creek Lake. Fished the creek cascading into SW end of Lake, got nice batch of 9-12" rainbows using strongly nymphed gnatton under rocks in stream. Little good cornus meadow available around Lake. Drew took one & cornus near a foggy side course of creek. Mostly clear skies but windy and cool (17-19°C). No snow left in open area around the lake. We checked two meadows along the way. Flora only. Returned to Hwy 395 3:30 P.M., geared up at garage Tom's Place (39050). Sounds like worm trail in gear box. Hwy 395 to Devil's Postpile via Mammoth. Clear and cool weather. Considerable snow on slopes of Mammoth Park. Red's meadow area clear of snow except for tiny patches my under trees. Camp at Red's ridge. Campground, 7500 ft. Night check 8:30-9:45 P.M. of area W of Satcher Lake, Tomist rdwr, and Government rdwr. (Last ran our cornus). Hydr (fluv) calling. Some flora seen but no evidence of cornus activity. Water temp. 15.5°C. We pond (foggy) area; air 7-9°C. June 16 more extensive check of same meadow areas. Other meadow area around Roger Station rem the Postpile. Clear cool after a fling of hail and rain last night after 10:30 A.M. No signs of cornus. Black-capped chickadees in wilderness along Minnet Creek. (See recording notes for birds). We walked two more meadows along road on way out of Postpile area. Flora only, Thunghis elegans (2) but no frogs. Too early?
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ELK alation 1955 Journal June 16 left Postpole area 2:30 p.m. and returned to Idry, 298, drove north to Leavine windy and warm. Gaz 10.4 gal. 3.85 (39137). Greens. Up Tenza road to Tuzer Rose 5:15 p.m. driving SW breeze, cool but mostly clear. Snow in particles. Tenzu Lake at higher level than I remember it being last summer. made check for birds 5:45-6:30 p.m., set out max-min. thermometer at Entrance station and put Tog thermograph out in meadow area. Bolz House and Fairwood ?, Rogers on duty, promised to daily record high-low in Tuzen. 3 or 1 & seen in study area. no eggs or calling - crouse everyone recent. Waka calling but their breeding just begun. left Rose 8 p.m. and drove directly to Valley, mileage end of Tuzi. 39215. Total this mileage Yoz. Valley return 1691 miles. Camped at Camp 19. June 17 walked at museum morning. checked Abushnee order. station 11+ A.M. Clear, warm, slight breeze. Return to Berkeley 6:15 p.m. after hot trip than Great Valley. someone made trip without fatality. High of 90+ of moderate today but breezy.
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El Karleton 1955 Journal June 23 Left Berkeley 1:40 P.M. driving alone in Plymouth. Clear mild day with brisk westerly winds. Gas 14.9 gallons. (4.42) at Berkeley (395.43). Merged 4:15 P.M. Gne. #7.93. Gas 6.7 gal. (2.01) 39666.4 Valley hazy sunshine, strong winds, warm but not hot. Arrived Yosemite Valley 7:45 P.M. Set up camp at Camp 19. Brief night check of alcohol mdr 10:15 P.M. no toads. June 24 Check of weather station Ahwahnee Meadows 1:40-2:30 P.M. Start for Tuoga Base 4:15 P.M. Picked up book-pusher Mark Hiserott, recent graduate San Jose High School, at junction of Tuoga Road & lower Yosemite Valley. Worked after hearing of my research asked if he could drum along. We camped at Foreigne Flat campground, working area 5 of Creek before & after supper. Evening check 9:15-10:05 yielded tadpoles but no adults. Cool, cloudy evening with air temps. 7-80 C. June 25 (Gas 15.0 gallons Hollbrook Jet on U.S. 395 in Nevada. #5.25. (39904.6)) Morning check at Foreigne Flat. Clear, cool morning. Still no adult Bufo 9:15-9:00 A.M. Sierra creapers, chickadees, purple finches, woodpeckers (sp?) seen & heard around campground. We pushed up to Twelvemile 10 A.M. Meadow clear of snow & brownish. No toads left side of road as we drove grade down into meadow. 4 miles S of Tuoga
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Elkornation 1955 Journal June 25 Pose Ranger Station 10:45 A.M. B. corrus adults, Bora muscoca, Dyla collected. Clear skies, cool, and very windy. We worked until 5:45 P.M. tagging 27 adult and subadult hoods with C690 lead pellets. Tag thermograph serviced. Todzola noted many ponds but no freshly laid eggs at the base study area. Drive to Leawinny 6:30 P.M. then N on 395. Looked sugar Walker Canyon over, checked are postune pond about 3 miles south of Cal-Nevada border. No orrums. Nighthawks (sp.?) 3-4 seen flying over road. Overnight stop at Hallbrook Junction. June 26 Drive south on 395 past Topaz Lake. White pelicans, Calif. gulls on lake. Took good pond wood (finished last gyr, according to Hallbrook Jct. forester) past Heaton Lake to Route 4. Dyla only Heaton Lake, one Thurszaki. Dead adult Bora corrus collected night at Elbert Pass. Clear dry, sunny. Highland Lakes road about 2 miles W of Elbert's Pass (39945.9) Stop about 2 1/2 miles S of jct. Highland Lake Road ad Route 4. This is place Robert Liversey got B_ corrus this spring range northward. Todzola and me yending collected one (948.2). Air temp: 17-190 C., Clear skies, moderate breeze. No adults out or taken sole objects. 2:50 P.M. Next stop (950.1) vast open meadow, buildings, probably a peak station. Seepage streams and flow through down low gradient meadow. Todzola token of smaller size. Probably colder due since more of a bowl effect
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ELKarlston 1953 Journal June 26 due to protective ridge, Snow on N-facing slopes but none in meadows. Barn abundant but no Dyla today. (951.4) 3 P.M. We reached Highland Lake. Clear skies but very strong cold wind blowing over the Lake. We worked NE end of lake. Adult, juvenile B. cornua taken but no young or eggs. The last three cornua broodlets give an excellent idea of effect of altitude and temperature on breeding & development. Some snow patches left in meadow area, larger drifts on slopes. Work climbed up unnamed peak on east side of Lake. Here at [illegible] ft. he collected two more adult & cornua. One definitely swollen with eggs. 5 P.M. We returned to route 4, over Ebbett Pass to Marbleville. Groceries $1.97. Then to Woodfords via Cornice Canyon for Williams, then left to Faith Valley. Pasture ponds & streams flow checked Fail to along the road. No cornua. Supper 7 P.M. at Horse Valley public campground. Evening drive out check of ponds adjacent to road Faith Valley. Evening cold (8-10° C) and unproductive. Barn only seen. Came along road about middle of Faith Valley. June 27 Recorded end 300 feet of road no. 7 7:30-5:30 A.M. white-crowned sparrow, sample birds, etc. Check of 4-5 meadow ponds in Faith Valley. Dyla took only. Large herd of cattle trampled watering ponds but still good breeding water available. Bifurcated toadpole collected Christy Valley, 2700 ft. in large deep pond E side of road. 10:30 A.M.
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EL Koshkum 1955 Journal June 27 Warm clear skies, mosquitoes ferocious! no adults. Rare collected. Brewer's blackbirds nesting in area. Next stop about 3/4 mile E x SE the Riggle, 8200 ft. Dork collected a subadult Bifor braws in a perfect garden hole close to an This is our altitude record for brown in the dioma, to my knowledge, and please browns 9 airline miles north of Elbert's Pass converse at even equivalent elevations. We turned off Blue Lake road to Indian Valley. Fair dirt road (not on old topor sheet) was possible to within a mile or less of the lakes in Indian Valley. A stream crossing gullied deep stopped me. According to the sign this road goes thru to Marbleville. Day 3 p.m. continued warm and clear. We hiked into Indian Valley, across it to an old cabin, then checked a number of canyon draws on E side of Valley. Sagebrush over much of slope, some streams flowing but slight. This appears to be too arid a brown for roads. Hyler and Brown were present in the lake vicinity and at slender meadow ponds just W of the lakes. Koshkums #2 & #3 found 5 across Indian Valley. Supper at lower Blue Lake, a rocky morning artificial-looking lawn. Returned to the Riggle dwality 8:00 p.m. where we collected one adult tool. no others seen and no calls. Search of Chauty Valley and dwality fruitless 9 p.m. but a single subadult found on road 1/4 mile from the pond site on road to Faith Valley. We continued drive through Faith Valley and reached highway 88 9:35 p.m. During drive down West Canon
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journal June 27 Congen we saw two adult peregrins at edge of road. They climbed quite agilely up steep dirt & rock banks. Slept overnight Corderville (40058.1) (2600.) June 28 Gas Cadenville, Nevada. 11.0 gals. (3.60) plus tire charge & lodging $2.00. Fly forest separation on new words left foot the left ankle bubble which kept on speed down last night. Day 295 Leaving then via Targa road to Dome Meadows at the Base. Works as I tried geiger counter method of collecting the ticks marked last Saturday. 3 tagged adults retrieved in short time, air temp. 19-20° C., wind gusts, sky clear 11 A.M. Left Para 12:15 P.M. and drove to Porcupine Flat campground where I dropped off Doris Lizzell. We intended to cover this area and Tommarch Flat before leaving on Friday or Saturday. July 8 Left Conge in Yosemite Valley 5:50 A.M. for Targa Base. Cool, clear morning. Arrived Twin Lakes rdms. 7:30 A.M. Coffee in stove tasted mighty good! Gas 5.0 gals., at Statini. Worked Base 8:30 - 2:30 P.M. mostly clear skies but scattered high clouds later, morning mild for Dome Meadows. The wind came up very strong by 9:30 A.M. and remained high rest of time I was there. Returned to Valley 5 P.M., where I checked Ahwahnee Meadow Station.
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ELK alston 1955 Journal July 19 left Yosemite Valley 5:30 A.M. with Paul Ellis. clear cool morning. Arrived Tioga Pass 8:10 A.M. after breakfast stop Meadows. mild, windless morning with air temperature 17-18° C. Tods already active at surface or emerging from burrows. light wind by 9:45 A.M. Sky ½ covered high cumulus formations. mosquitoes vicious! Togged toads #37-58 with CO60 tags. left Pass 11:30 A.M. and drove directly to Bardaville on U.S. 395. hot, dry day. Hwy 37 to Woodfords, #88 up into Hager Valley 4:30 P.M. Drive directly to Muggle locality on road to Blue Lakes. No signs of Bufo here. Check of clarity Valley pond on return 5:50 P.M. No toads or juveniles here. Tods/ales found dry stream in Faith Valley 6-7 A.M. cooked supper here. Night driving back to Woodfords and Hwy 4 to Hermit Valley on west side Ebbett's Pass. Camp here. July 20 Paul and I drove about 4 miles westward on Hwy 4(?) to lower end Hermit Valley. We finally found the Indian Valley trail (a jeep had been over at this year?) and hiked about 2 miles by trail N x NW of Hwy 4. Anlystoma wendyotylum (4) and Bufo boreas todgedale in pond along trail. Returned to car and drove up to Bigland Lake use Hermit Valley. Check of Bigland Road canyon localities. Direct return to Yosemite via Hwy 395. Continued clear warm Tioga Pass from Paradise Flt 6000 ft. 7:35 P.M.
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ELKadethan 1955- Journal Aug. 9 Brief trip to Teiga Base with Bob Mozell of California Radiation Safety Lab and his family. left Valley 10:45 D.M., arrived at Base 2 P.M. after lunch stop meadows. Bob brought my sensitive Geiger scintilometer which he tried with little success before the "receiver" was broken by jarring it. Returned to Valley 6:30 P.M. after nice outing for both our families - little data for me. Thermograph serviced. Dozens of radioactive tarsing (see species account of our detecting a "hot rock") uncovered. Aug. 30 left Valley 6:20 A.M. accompanied by Dick and David Henterweidt and Paul Elkins. We left Dick off near Enatic Dome at West side Tuslumme meadows, and continued to Meadows for breakfast. Arrived Teiga Base 8:40 A.M. Weather cool but clear and little air movement. Toads probably just emerged this time. Wind picked up by 9:30 A.M. Although day clear and warm, remained weather station yard. A. Togged toads T67-84, four with radioactive Co-60 pellets. Returned to Valley 5:20 P.M. I talked with Don Mullally, U.C.L.A. while at Base this mom. See species account.
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Elkadehem 1955 Journal Oct.7 Left MV2 at 2:45 P.M. accompanied by Bill Hamilton. Stopped Radiation Safety Lab at Cowell to pick up 2 geiger counters and a scintillometer. Finally collected Harold Robinson at his place and headed out Hwy 24 to Walnut Creek at 3:40 P.M. Clear, mild weather. Great Valley appeared quite dry. Supper at La Paloma in Merced 7 P.M. and pushed me Hwy 140 to Fox Valley. Clear cool evening. Spent night at Rangers' Club in Valley. Oct.8 Rolled out 6:45 A.M. and headed after Lodge Breakfast (Country Cleaner "Red" Walling, breakfast cook) to Tioga. Dred poor-well collected on road to Crave Flat about three miles from that Entrance Station. Arrived Tioga Pass 9:10 A.M. B.S.T., clear, cool (48 deg F at Station) with fresh southerly wind. Worked study area almost continuously with scintillometer and two geiger counters for total of about 16 man-hours. One adult & conure picked up by night (two-dissel but no Co60 tag) six juvenile conures and a few thylar young-of-year also taken. Mountain bluebird, junco's, a robin (sighted by G. Robinson) active in area. Red-tail hawk and a snake-skin spotted on way up to Pass (above 8500 ft.) about 9:00 A.M. Left Tioga 6 P.M. for Valley. Night clocks (brief) of Churchline area, Stormy Miller 9:00-9:45 P.M. No Woods (see B. House notes) Oct.9 Left Valley noon after working Museum, Berkeley 6:30 P.M.
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Elk Aldem 1955 Journal Oct.21 Left MVZ 6:30 8.M. in my Plymouth accompanied by John ad Sarah Burns, Jim Anderson, and George Deinsohn. Supper at Paula's Grill on College Avenue in Oakland upon recommendation of George. $1.35 filet mignon wonderful! Day. 24 to Walnut Creek, than south to U.S. 50. moderately cool, clear evening in Great Valley. Gas and coffee stop Merced 11 P.M. Entered Oct.22 Yosemite Park 12:30 A.M. Young gray fox sighted along road above Cascade 12:45 A.M. about 3200 feet elevation. Overnight Stay at Rogersi Club. Breakfast Lodge Cafeteria 7 A.M. Gray squirrels, deer abundant ad active Valley floor. Catellus baccalgi (4-5) along road between junction Big Oak Flat Road - Hwy 140 and 2nd tunnel (between 3500 - 4500 feet). We spotted a mountain coyote on Tioga Road near where the South Fork of the Tuolumne intersects it, elevation about 6500 ft. The coyote quickly eloped out of side away boulders and trees as we approached by car. Day mild and clear. Quaking aspens in full fall color. Very few deer seen at higher elevations. We arrived at Tioga Pass 9:45 A.M. Air long. about 10-11°C. but little breeze. clear azure blue skies - no clouds. A moderate cold wind spring up from the north (first north wind I experienced at Pass) about 10:30 P.M. Considerable difference in air temperature between
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EL Kardamian 1955 Journal Oct. 22 Colder exposed ridge and protected draws. Some snow and rain during past couple weeks (see station weather data) has resulted in moist soil lower meadow area. Slashed gullied edges toid front until late morning (10-11 a.m.), and there was a good 4" of ice encrusting edges of the moving rivulet and the wet bottomland on the west side of pond A. A few thin patches of snow still existed in slashed exposures around the study area. Dora, Mammoth and other peaks have retained snow from storms initiating winter snow blanket. Others in party went pika hunting on west slopes below Mt. Dora at 3:30 p.m. Jim Orderson heard but a single cony. Clark's crow, junecae only bird species observed at Bosse. Beldinge ground squirrels not in evidence at all. no marmots or chipmunks seen. 3 Thamnys trogged in study area along with 3" micratus, the latter along the flowing rivulet, left Bosse 5:45 p.m. for Valley. No deer seen above about 7000 feet along road and relatively few (5-6) until we cruised in Valley. Adult prceyine observed in wood 3 miles SE of Cume Flat, about 6000 feet. 7:31 p.m. Set trap line Churchne Mdw. (9-10 p.m.) and surveyed for food (none!) cold -5-6°C.- clear evening. Oct. 23 Walked around Yosemite Museum until 11 a.m. 2 specimene (see note) of great gray owl were in research room. Return Berkeley mild fall day by 6 p.m.
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Field Notes 1955 Species Accounts Amphibians Bufo boreas Bufo canorus miscellaneous Reptiles Birds Mammals
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Amphibians Bufo boreas
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EL Kadarum 1954/5 Bufo boreas Jan. 10 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Civic Center, Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Visited this area following heavy weekend showers which ended sometime during morning hours. Today the weather has been overcast and windy - cool temperatures as we've had for many weeks. Water temp. 4:30 P.M. 11.5° C., air above dense grass 11.0°C. Overcast, but intermittent sunshine along with cool winds. Ponds high with water. Few Faw Hyla moles out and sporadically calling but no eggs laid as yet. Some Hyla under broad litter, few Batrachoseps but no Bufo, Feb 1 Same locality. Checked very large pond to W side of N-S running SP tracks. Hyla in someones shores. Moles near edges, on vegetation or litter surface flutter out in water. Water temp. 7:35 P.M. 9.50 C., air 2" above water 8.2°C. Air over dry grass surface 5.8° C. Moderately NW breeze, clear sky, bright 3/4 moon. Water level up about 6" from last visit, and this pond probably 10-15 yards wider than in January. No sign of toads or eggs. Air temperature predicted 35-40° tonight, feels it now here. It seems too early for toad breeding. Hyla egg deposition has just begun as evidenced by half dozen egg clusters recently deposited. (See Hyla notes)
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EL Karlestin 1955 Bufo boreas Feb. 10 1.3 mi N, 0.2 mi W Civic Center, Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Set up the soils-type thermograph to record water temps. at bottom of pond 4" water depth (setup described later). Also placed one max-min. thermometer inside the wooden case housing the thermograph. Checked setup at 4 P.M. Also pounded a broom handle into the pond and marked present depth. The pond level is down 1 inch from its apparent high Feb. 1. The large pond W of the N-S running S-B tracks is still high, 116 yards long and about 85 yards wide (E-W). Photographs taken with 4x5 Voightlander camera from elevated points S and SE of the pond. Plus-X, #9, 10, and 12. 1/100th second at F11 to F16 late afternoon sun, some haze, about 4:15 P.M. #11 taken of part of pond on east side of built-up railroad right-of-way, facing NE, the part of pond where food toads seen previous spring. Trailer court in background. Water temp. 15.2° C. at 4:15 P.M. 1" below water surface where pond 3" deep. Air temp. 14.8° C. 2" above dry grass beside pond. Some evidence of additional Bufo reproduction as more egg clusters observed (see Bufo notes) but no sign of toad eggs or adults. A young 12-year old claimed he saw strings of eggs in large pond W side (where I have temperature equipment). I hope he's correct, and they lay here again.
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EL Karstam 1955 Bufo boreas Feb. 10 Richard, Santa Costa Co., Calif. - weather today feels like spring on its way - sunny, mild, with moderate to brisk NW breeze. The pond is fairly clear except for south end where prevailing winds have forced scum. Algae production moderate, no real bloom, but appears to be rising. Aquatic insects (diving beetles, etc.) occasionally seen. Feb. 15 Same locality 8 P.M. Clear skies, cool temperatures. Toads have emerged for breeding. Two high school youths were in process of stoning five adult o>2 on small road N of pond as I arrived. One died during night, others managed to crawl away. Right behind building (manufacturing plant A.T.S. nd Fry Co.) seems to have attracted toads here for feeding. Water is about 30-40 yards from this grassy area. Pond W of Santa Fe tracks is Pond A (where I have thermometer - see page). Pond B is E of road-bed. Russell, Joe Hall, 2 high school boys aided in census of ponds. 2 adult o>2 seen in Pond A at NE quadrant. 24 o>, 2 ? handled at Pond B and practically all were at southern end where water depth less than 10-12" for most part. 2 pairs in complex but no eggs. Pond A water temp. 13.8°C., air same at 8:45 P.M. All toads left to breed. Croaked
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EL Korluthman 1955 Bufro loraer Febr. 15 Richmond - tongue of an adult s> on land 30 yards from NE end Pond A 12.8° C. Air 13.4° C. Substrate 13.5° C. 9:30 p.m. Thermograph operating ± one degree C°. Febr. 16 Returned 12:45 p.m. to check on ponds. Pond B which had high population lost night now has no toads in water. However, Pond A at North end had 6 adults (probably more) in the water - 2 ?, 4 s>. I worked all adults I encountered this afternoon (total of 9) in or near both large ponds (see working data sheets)
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EL Karlstin 1955 Bufo boreas Feb. 16 Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Pair found pond A in angler at about same spot I worked R-1 adult <> on tour ago. Time 1:49 P.M. Light mist began falling 1:45 P.M. Sky overcast and gray, air tense. NE moderate breeze. She rain on bottom when discovered in 6" of clear water, 45 feet from N edge of pond. Reaction to my presence was to just downward into brownish pond weed and algae forming a 2-3 matting over the silt bottom. Within 3 minutes the & forced both to surface were she gulped air, and then they swam forward and downward to bottom 18" away. The swimming kick movements seem to be initiated by the &, but the male follows suit. At 1:58 they moved 6 feet westward parallel to pond edge, surfaced to breathe, and again moved forward and downward a few feet to the bottom. This repeated again until by 2:04 P.M. they had traveled 45 feet SW of original position. <> seems disturbed by my presence, though I am perfectly still 12 feet from him. He has turned to face my direction now both & and <> have eyes above surface. Remained this position 6 minutes, then submerged and swam 12 feet (underwater) NE toward original position. Depth here varies 8-10 inches.
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E.L. Karlstrom 1955 Buffo lorerz Feb. 16 Richmond, Contra Costa Co. scattered grasses, cut stalks, and a tall (4') dry composite. Green grass (sedge?) growth to 20" with up to 10" above water surface. Fair bloom of algae here, mostly covering surface of pond weeds presumptable along bottoms. 2:17 p.m. Pair at surface now 10 feet due south of original position. Single adult also with head ½ exposed 16" SW from pair. Another small adult 2' W of pair. My movement coused one of single individuals to submerge. Grasses, small piece of wood offer support to these tools. Now a second angling pair appears 5 feet from me and 4' N of pair I was observing. I now will watch some of these. First a test of how long they will stay submerged. Single or adult 45 sec. once, then 1½ min. Expelled air from nostrule or it swam downward after being 20 sec. on surface. Pair max. Time 45 seconds but these are disturbed and active. Closed mole swim in unison female, 9 has arms extended forward due to pressure of male clasp, but she does make some breast stroke arm movement. 2:35 p.m. water temp. 14.3° C. 2" below surface. Air temp. 12.5° C. above water surface. Depth at stake 11". Notel made with knife.
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EL Karlstam 1955 Burro Brosas Feb. 17 Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Brief visit here. Valley floor covered with from a few to 15 inches of snow, but patchy on tolus slopes. Berks snow-covered but no signs of very recent snowfall. Saw meadow S of Court Center where I had equipment for about 2.5 inches but bore over. The grasses are matted down in brown tufts due to pressure of winter blanket. Black oaks bore but some dead leaves still clinging. Stoneman meadow heavier blanket of snow, 15" by actual measurement 30 feet SE of main road to Wozzy lake. Small yard near lower end of Valley (El Capitan order, 3950 feet) where Ixyla died early last year, already for water standing at root ½. Rest snow-covered. Burger Elmer Hoyt gave me certain impressions of the winter in Yosemite. He snowpack and water content of snow in high country is higher by 8-10 inches than previous year, and thus close to annual norm frozen on 20 or more years. Valley got rain beginning Feb. 15 but nothing compared to 6" by this date in Feb. 1954. Prediction as to spring & summer run-off hard to make until after March snow survey. Meteorologist can predict available irrigation water within 3% after March survey, according to Hoyt. Hopefully, Yosemite Valley will have more water this summer than last.
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ELKaldtum 1955 Bufo boreas Feb. 17 Hwy 140, 4 mi. NE of Placoda, 500 feet, [illegible] Co., Calif. Adult -> tood crossing the road 8:30 P.M. Clearal temp. 9.2° C. , air 2'' above Dry pavement 10.8° C. clearing skies, moderate westerly breeze. Only live tood seen during day. Road dry as we drove out of Yosemite area through foothills. Rains had fallen Feb. 16 m. Probably too early for general Bufo breeding migration. Hwy 140 , 3 mi. NE Placoda, [illegible] Co., Calif D.O.R. adult locally smashed.
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EL Karlstom 1955 Bufo boreas Feb. 21 Conversation with Vic Levin concerning the fauna of an off-shore island near Chica Cone, Marin Co., Calif. Vic studied microtuz population spring 1953 for Vertebrate Reproduction course. Only other resident vertebrate noted was California toad, an estimated 5-6 adults with one slightly smaller than rest. Toads continually taken in Sherman live traps, but several seen away from grasses in the open. No surface letter. Toads using microtuz burrows of which there are a limited number. Total number of mice trapped 16. Four trips made to island: March 29, 30; April 4; May 3, 1953. No permanent water and no signs of young or larvae seen. There is a sink at NE end of island which, in a wet season, could conceivably offer an opportunity for breeding. Right now would be the time to check in lieu of great volume of water in my Richmond yards. Levin divided figure-8 island into 2 sets of quadrants.. microtuz found only on SW half of island. Toads found [illegible] both sections, but most recorded from trapping EFCH section.
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ELKarlston 1955 "Rat Island" Feb.21 China Camp-island, Marin co., Calif., as drawn from Vic Lewis field report spring 1953. Buffo borea Rhus diversiloba Rocky Beach Antimesia Californica Sinks Trifolium gracilentum A B C D Rocky Beach 8' N E W S Gromus rigidus Silene gallica Amsinckia douglasiana Erodium cicutarium Broderia capitatata 12 foot bank F 28' H I Sink Q Aesculus Californica
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E L Karlsten 1955 Buffer Bears Feb. 22 "Rat Island", 4 miles W of San Rafael, Marin Co., Calif. (small island offshore NE China Camp). Borrowed a small skiff from China Camp and rowed out to the island 9:10 A.M. Clearing skies, sunshine, light NNE breeze. Vis slowed me minutes before when he had taken two traps V and C. Shown traps had been set at entrance to burrows. Traps taken were released at same spot, and Ie says most went right into the burrows. I checked his traps about 9-10 A.M. but can't recall seeing toads out in the open at this time. Air temp. 9:46 A.M. 12.9° C. 2" above dry grasses. There is no standing fresh water whatever and bottom of depression both sections is only wet from dew. The quadrants H & I are covered with a shell mound deposit 20-30" depth, charcoal and ashes found in a small depression quadrant I. Divide is 8'x10', sloping and 14" deep. Now covered with green grass shoots 3" high, dry Amaranthus, a dry & composite. Russell and Lewin dug down 4" on bottom of depression. Unmistakable evidence of fire pit since old charcoal and charred bones 2" below the top sod. The porous nature of this soil is additional evidence that breeding sites would not likely be available to herons. Centipede and new bug found near the depression area down 3" in burnt area. At west edge of banks we found numerous bones in the shell deposit - mostly
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EL Kadelium 1955 Buffo Goose Feb. 22 "Rat Island", 4 mi. W San Rafael, Marin Co., Caly. fragments of avian bones, possibly some small mammals (a number collected). Lewin kept digging in middle of depression, churned fine silt down to inches. Definite fine strata noted. Another shell mound at extreme opposite end AB quadrants. Another depression 12' x 8' x 16" maximum depth. not a fine silt like other depressions but some porous shell deposit. Vic pointed out an interesting rodent burrow at SE edge of this depression. Pile of cuttings noted 1953 in front of hole. It cuts into 60° sloping bank, opening 5" wide 4" high at mouth. Slopes inward and downward 20°, gives in about 8-10" and then forks 4'-forkbin, opening partially occluded by grasses, and dirt berged out to the forkbin at base while sloping down to bottom of sink. Lewin set traps in front of it but never got any mammals or trods. No mice have taken this half of island. Duck hunters have dug a 4' x 8' x 3' pit for a blind in quadrant A. No signs of insect or other life at bottom of pit. Phototypic picture this: 2 brush-eys loafing out, leaves to 2" length. New buds opening in poison oak but not burst. [A]marrhinia to 6" height, other grasses to 4-5". Vertebrates observed were Hermit thrush, 2 Song Sparrows, or ? junco. The thrush shows extreme territoriality as four of us got within 5-6 feet of it. Of course,
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EL Karlstrom 1955 Buffer Boreez Feb. 22 "Rot Island", 4 mi. W San Rafael, Marin Co., Calif. The confining nature of the small island, lack of adequate brush cover, contributes to its reluctance to flee from a brush. Song sparrows also very reluctant to leave brush cover at quadrant C. If flushed, they moved usually to join oak at B, but returned. The point on the mainland due SE of island. Estimated 90 yards. Almost vertical 12-16' cliffs around the point but a shallow beach in 150 yard large cove to NW of the jutting point. 10:30 a.m. current running SW along the SE side of island 10 feet in 18 seconds. Levin claims a swift tidal current operates here. Island wholly den with sandstone and topsoil above, except for two places A + I where slope 40°, rough exposed sandstone. Higher angle (60° ±) den upper 2-4 feet of these slopes. It is quite conceivable that toads could swim or be carried by current to this island and finally work their way up to the top, but circumstances would have to be just right. What the toads are breeding on this pile of dirt and rock is hard to believe - unless the rodent burrows might retain rain water?? The problems faced by this "population" are intriguing. A few nights spent on the island would be worthwhile. Levin suggest use of Sherman mammal traps.
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EL Kalation 1955 Bufo boreas Feb. 22 Vicinity of Tulb Lake, 1 1/2 mi. W of San Quentin State Penitentiary, Marin Co., Calif. Artificial lake nestled in hills behind a sewage disposal plant. Small adult ?? under piece of galvanized tin 3'x 2' x 1/6" thick. Closed temp. 26.7° C. 12:20 P.M. Air temp. (bull shielded) 2" above dry ground 15.5° C. micro-habitat heated up and soil only slightly dange under piece of tin. Full sun, dear sky but moderate coolish breeze. Soil temp 19.8° C. with bull just immersed in soft soil where toad sat. Dick Russell and Jim Anderson found another toad, a juvenile, under flat board 25 yards away. Tulb Lake lies 200 yards NE of this point, a possible food breeding site. However, a close scrutiny of pond edge all around showed nothing but a few waxy bullfrogs and many Conbusia offinis. 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Cerrito Gate Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 1:45 P.M. Chest containing soil thermograph and one max-min. thermometer has been stolen! Sanded area within few hundred yards of pond A but no sign of the operator. Suspect older kids or an adult - probably too heavy for young kids. Damn it! Toads have droid eggs probably within last 24 hours in vicinity of the weather station. Excellent data out the window!! Anyone for a lab problem?
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ELKaldstern 1955 Buffo borax Stages # 10-11 Feb. 22 Richard, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Palustris & moru (1937) late One batch of freshly laid eggs (early cleavage) on an area 4'x6' in grassy over 20 feet south of the extreme N end pond A. Another 5'x5' batch (different female?) at approximately same develop- mental stage lies just W of first group. Fill dirt Concrete slab N 40' 30 yards egg mass. site of weather stat. 16" deep Crude sketch of N end Pond A showing location of eggs. Typha A peninsula of grasses (sedge?) growing up out of the water appears to have been a favored deposition site. The grasses are 8-16" tall, green, to 10" above water surface. Water depth 6-8" where eggs laid but the strings are mostly less than 3-4" below surface due to entanglement in the grasses lying at all angles here. Strings single or double, longest, criss-crossing each other suggesting an actively moving female.
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EL Karlstrom 1955 Bufo boreas Feb. 22 Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Another batch of eggs found in Pond B about 20 feet from extreme SW corner. Over area 4'x5', water depth 3-4". Grasses present here, although area is open pasture-like area. Eggs appear unfertilized, one attacked by fungus and bacteria, the jelly envelopes appear opaque and fuzzy. Sample collected. Feb. 23 Same locality Returned 1:45 P.M. to make more thorough search of area. Richmond police (theft division) have been notified and given a description of missing chest and contents, & left a description of both with watch-men at small plant north of pond A ([illegible]) and the owner of Trailer Court bordering pond B. My searching and questioning shed no light on the matter. Pond A level lower dry 1/2" on stake. Depth to maximum length of about 3/4" but not abundant yet. Air temp. 16.5°C. at 3:15 P.M. Pond 16.2°C. a third batch of recently laid Bufo eggs located among grasses 35' SW of former weather station. Eggs over area 4'x8', water depth 4-6", sparse grasses growing up through water. Eggs not lower than 4-5" in water depth. About 5-10% appear "bad"
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ELKaldston 1955 Buffer brooks Feb. 23 Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. with swollen, opaque jelly coats. Estimated 60% of strings are double strands, rest single. One 2x2' area especially dense with egg strings. Cross-crossed, up to 8 strands deep at one point. I traced out one continuous double (and single some points) strand with my hand. It had a total unbroken length of over 12 feet. Sharp angles around grass stems suggested that ?? ejected considerable terrain on strings as she crossed and re-crossed the strands. Water temp. here where pond 4" deep, taken 1" below surface 4:00 P.M. 16.8° C. Pond B at SE end where eggs observed yesterday. Pond temp. 1" below surface 17.0° C., at 4:10 P.M. Water depth 6" here. Many descending eggs near to surface. Feb. 24 Same locality. Night check here during cold rainstorm. Rained hard over area nearly all day. As I approached the N. Richmond site the rain was literally "coming down in sheets." It eased up to a drizzle about 7:45 P.M., but driving hard SW wind continued. Through clump of three ponds in area. New foods seen in the water, temp. 1" below surface 9.1° C., 8:05 P.M. 4 adults taken in grasses, on path all within 20 feet of ponds. Closed temps. were
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ELKlandatum 1955 Bufo lenaez Feb. 26 Richard, Contra Costa Co., Caly. 7.8° at 7:48 p.m., toad on dirt path 30 yards S of Sanford St. on E side sante Fe raised tracks. Air temp. 2° above wet ground 7.5° E. Another, a ov, collected 10 feet west of middle partition (west side) of pond B on 20° grassy slope, headed away from pond. Choral and air temps. zone or above. Two other adults later (9:00 p.m.) taken near where first captured. One had choral 7.3°C., air temp. 8.1° C. No adults found in vicinity of pond A nor in area at S end of pond B where over 25 were captured Feb. 15. Feb. 7 March 2 Same locality. Night check 8-9:30 p.m. with young Wessenberg. Developing larvae at egg site #1 (see page Pond A) are now stage 17+ (Ballister & Moore 1437), but the loss of embryos seems to be close to approximately 40% at this time. Three normally developing embryos are attached to outer jelly envelope. Defect eggs & embryos (many may have not been fertilized) remain, as would be expected, within the two jelly capsules. All strings appear opaque, whitish and fuzzy even when normal larvae are abundant. This locality harbors a very large breeding population of toads. Weather tonight clear, cool but little breeze. Moon half phase. Air temps.
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El Karstern 1955 Bufo hornae March 2 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W of Civic Center Richard, Contra Costa Co., Caly. - 8-90 C. Total count of adult toads (probably too low) Pond B on east side Santa Fe tracks : 39 o>, 3 f (2 amplexing pairs) Pond A west of Santa Fe tracks : 15 O>, 3 F (3 amplexing pairs) Total of 54 O>2, 6 F both ponds or 60 toads. Storer (1925) states that ordinarily a breeding population of no more than 12-15 pairs will occupy one local area. If there are as many females as males in this area, an estimate of a hundred adults is not stretching the number a bit. Temperature data follows: 8:00 P.M. Pair in amplexus Pond B at N end about 50 yards south of trestle. cloacal both 12.00 C. Water temp. same. Air temp. 10.50 C. over water. Water depth 3 inches here. 8:31 P.M. pair in amplexus crawling out over area of low grass and bare ground, 6 feet SW of wedge pad B near middle portion of it. cloacal 8.00 of O>. Air temp. 2
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ELKadatum 1955 Bulor bnewz March 2 FM Richard locality - and immediately swam again to the bottom which here was 14" below surface. I heard but one mole call tonight, a series of half a dozen notes given when I rang ad I first approached the pond. The moles are not restricted to edges or shallow water, many were seen out in deepest parts of pond (over 3 feet deep some area) but usually resting against some grass [illegible] or other debris. Two positions of moles noted. One, they are spread- eagle and nearly parallel with surface, their backs strongly depressed[illustration]. Others seen resting in a near vertical position, rear end down along with at least one hind leg, as forelimbs laid against grass or other debris.[illustration] This is a food ?? March 7 some locality. Night check here with Dick Russell who was my chief recorder of marked toad data. We worked about 31 adults (16R to 45 R) in ponds A and B. Total census: Pond A: 25 ♀, 2 ♂ Pond B: 18 ♀, 3 ♂ (one collected) 43 ♀, 5 ♂ but this figure probably much too low. Full moon, clear skies 7:30 - 9:15 P.M. tonight. Air temp. probably 16-17° C., water the same (no thermate along). The ♂ & I collected was on Sanford block-top.
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EL Karlstein 1956 Bufo boreas March 7 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Curi Center Richard, Catia Costa Cr. Calf road, facing pond C north of road, and gradually on way to pond for evening. Toad breeding conditions. At 7:30 P.M. the males seemed to be in the ponds, for none observed on land. Difference in behavior of toads tonight. They were harder to catch as they usually dived for deeper water. The full moon plus warmer temperatures may be responsible. Many toads would be spotted with my head-lamps but quickly disappear or swim off as I was busy working one individual. Russell and I circumscribed Pond A twice, working all toads I could grasp. Of 15 toads (or so) cligged the first round, only one were retrieved the second round and 8-10 new toads were discovered and cligged. Here, any population count based on number of toads in hand can probably be doubled. As working data shows, the adults cluster around vegetation in the ponds but many are out in deeper water (3-4 feet) and often in open water. Lower at egg site #1, Pond A, have reached stage #20 (Pollster & More) but oxygen attatched to edges of the outer jelly envelopes. Envelopes are opaque, algae covered. Mortality of eggs (based on examination of 2 feet of strings) is probably in excess of 50% at this time. However, this is not a close done at night.
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EL Carleton 1955 Buffo loreus March 12, 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W of Civic Center, Richmond Cortez Costa Co., Calif - the lodgesee in vicinity of egg site #1 , pond A are hatched out and free of the jelly which is decomposing and algae covered . Recovered 5 R ♂ (see marking record) which had apparently been killed by hide with BB gun . Recovered at NW end of Pond A about 30 yards NW of site where marked Feb. 16th. Another adult ♂ also found dead - but not marked. A few adult layler also had been killed some gone . Otherwise , no adult toads collected this morning 11 A.M. to 12:30 P.M., although two boys of junior high age reported seeing a couple in Pond B. Day warm and fair, breeze moderate. Dry conditions. Pond level down 1/2" from last date March 7th. Eggs (most fertile) collected Pond B, 40 yards from SE end and 15 yards from the fence on the E side of pond. Early gastrula stage. Stringy wound among grasses 4-6' from pond edge in water 8-10" deep, but eggs no more than 4" below water surface. Both of egg strings 3x4 feet. lower Eggs also found in shallow muddy puddle along footpath NW part of Pond B, pole position 2 1/8 S. near hatching, swimming stage but some of the eyes had been dragged over wet mud and were addled. Eggs had been spread over 10 x 2 1/2' area with heavy concentration in middle of patch.
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EL Karolathum 1955 Buffo broeze march 12 Richmond Locality - mother brotch discovered at pole position 1.8 - those just hatched out. Water depth here not exceeding 2". Water temp. 16.9° C. at 12:10 P.M. Air temp. 14.8° C. 2" over water. march 23 Same Locality. Night check here with [illegible] Weisenberg between 8-9:15 P.M. Mild night, clear sky, with no trace of broeze. Water temp. Pond B 12.8° C. at 8:14 P.M. 1" below surface where depth 6". Air temp. 14.9° C. 2" above water surface. Tadpoles at SE corner pond B (reported March 12) recently hatched out and swimming. Restricted to area where eggs had been observed. The muddy area at NW end of pond B now looks standing water, although soil is still wet. It is dotted with dead and decomposing or dried (in yellow) frogs. One group is just beyond nebulate stage, the other hatched-out larvae. Pond B level noticeably down, probably 2-3 inches, with corn, this, often sublimic beginning to be more germinate. Water is less clear than before. Tadze at egg site #1, Pond A have surged out but none were found further than about 15 feet from site of egg deposition. Body length 7-8 mm, tail 9 mm. Some recently hatched
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ELKadatum 1955 Bulfo toads march 23 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Cusit Carter Richard, Contra Costa Co., Calif - tods also picked up indicating another egg group laid more recently. Hyla outnumber Bulfo toad 10:1 this area. Ostracods, crane-fly larvae very abundant (sample preserved). Bulfo toads observed rasping on dead crane-fly larvae in jar. Fewer adult toads out tonight. Census of toads seen or caught: pond A: 3 ♂ → 1 ♀ " B 12 ♂ → 0 ♀ " C 5 ♂ → 1 ♀ (in anglexes) 20 ♂ → 2 ♀ One pair seen in anglexes but I was unable to get them. No toads found out of water, although grassy area dense and evening mild. Adults difficult to catch, would submerge into murky algae-covered vegetation when disturbed by my head-lamp or rippled water surface. Recovery of two marked ♂'s (see data sheets) One ♂ had shifted across pool, under thistle to pond C from A, possibly few hundred yards. An adult ♀ was collected from middle of pond A for breeding purposes. Inflatad lungs, floating open water. A hole 10 yards away.
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EL Karlström 1955 Bufo brevis March 23 11:15 P.M. Interesting behavior of adult toads noted. Placed adult ♂ and ♀ collected this evening in large aquarium with 5-6" water. After a half hour the ♂ began amplexus with ♀. The ♀ responded by attempting to climb up glass wall of aquarium. ♂ vigorously forced her head down by pushing his chin forcefully down between her eyes and arching his back at the same time. Agitated "chucking" accompanied his attempts to pin her down. His hind legs were used alternately to force her forelimbs off the glass. The result when followed by swimming leg movements by the ♂ was to force the pair to the bottom of the aquarium where they would remain quiet a few minutes. He act was repeated 3-4 times in 5 minutes. After ½ hour of amplexus the pair separated but remained motionless near each other. The drive behavior has not been seen in the field, but it well could be the normal pattern of the ♂ subduing the ♀ when they first pair up. (?) March 24 Above pair in amplexus 8:10 A.M. today. Pair is quiet, resting on edge of submerged rock in aquarium. Heads only above the water.
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EKarlatus 1955 Bufo boreas April 6 Richmond locality. Night dark foe. Water temp 16.20C. 1" below surface find A at 9:00 P.M. Air 12.50C. Clear sky. 9 adult on bank 16 feet from edge find A 9.10C. Substitute # the same. Air 1" above 9.80C.
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ELKardetum 1955 Buffor boreoz April 12 Stoneman mdw., 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Calif. Arrived here 3:15 P.M. The entire valley is considerably drier than it was at the same time last year. The falls are full, patches of snow cover the higher rocks and peaks and extend down the draws but the amount of snow is 1/2 of what it was one year ago. Here in Stoneman meadow the absence of water was surprising. There is no snow on the valley floor at all, even up here at the cooler SE end. There are patches at the base of the N-facing slopes down to Camp Curry in the dense forest. Parks A and B, all the ditches on the south side are devoid of standing water. The soil at the bottom of the depressions is moist, but no water can be forced from it when its pressed between the fingers. The annual meadow grasses and sedges are brown, dry and matted down. Fresh green growth is sparse but the blades extend to 4-5 inches above the matted grass surface. The western azalea has closed buds. The black cohns have the tiniest buds on the lower twigs. Stella gaza, red-winged blackbirds are active in the meadow margins. Flocks of robins were working the bottoms of the ditches on the north side of the road, probably for worms and insects in the moist soil. Some standing water is present along the base of the ditch on the north side of the
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Karlstom 1955 Bulfo boreus April 12 road dissecting storemen meadow. The longest pool of continuous water occurs along 40 yards of the ditch. Maximum width of pool is 4 feet, max. depth 4-5 inches to false bottom of matted vegetation. Some small, shallow (<2" deep) isolated puddles are present scattered over rather 50-60 yards of the ditch. Green vegetation and saturated soil at the bottom of the ditch suggest a drying up of once continuous, possibly flowing water. No anuran eyes found, not even Bulfo which should be dry breeding now. Air temp. 1" above matted surface surface of meadow at 4 p.m. 22.1° C. Water temp. 1" below surface in pool 3" deep was 18.9° C. Profile of ditch (not to scale) single block oak main road culvert N <--ditch->
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Elkington 1955 Buffalo grass April 12 night check of several Yosemite Valley toad localities. 7:50 P.M. 1/2 mile SW of Govt. Center. Discovered an area of sinks at this lower end of a long broad meadow. One pond (describe later) is extensive, deep, and appears permanent. No signs of toads or eggs. Byla numerous, very numerous and active. Garter snake (Thamn. elegans) spotted with night light lying in the water and apparently feeding on byla. Due, of course, is a predator on toads as well. Pond temp. 1" below surface 1 foot from edge where depth 4" was 14.80 C., at 7:50 P.M. Air temp. 1" over dry grass 7.30 C. and 1" above pond surface 8.0° C. Some "steam" rising off water. Stormer meadow revisited. Two byla observed in the ditch but no signs of toads around only available water or on the path ways, snake crossing the meadow. Earlier in the day I observed very recent evidence of recent rodent activity - casts of microtus lunatus one under the arrow, [illegible] other microtus runs in grass, gopher mounds and burrows, many vole mounds, some ground squirrel burrows under pines and black oaks bordering the meadow on the SE. The same was true for the meadow south of govt. center. The large ground squirrel burrow at Stormer run deep and probably afford good
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El Kadarium 1955 April 13 good skies. 1/4 mile SW of Govt. Center, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Calif (Mariposa Co.) 11 A.M. Set up weather station at edge of pond in large meadow here. It involved a shift of station 200 yards W of site set up last year. Photographs taken 11:30 A.M. 4x5 Voigtlender camera. Plus-X film pack #1 taken facing E toward Half Dome from 20 feet south of the study pond. F20 at 1/100th. Plus X 4x5 #2 facing NE to right of Yosemite Falls. Taken from SW end of the pond F14 at 1/100th. Kodachrome 35 mm. (36 exposure) #1 taken just inside Park entrance on Hwy 140 of a redbud Cercis occidentalis in bloom. #2 taken of Valley weather station while standing in the pond, Half Dome in distance. #3 facing NE from point 2/3rds distance from NE end of the pond. #4 Clark (?) Range from Glacier Point road west of Paraguy Meadow. Set up a detailed description of pond where station set up will be made next time. Depth at yardstick marker now 10 inches, the pond appears to be over 21 inches deep
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ELKordstern 1955 Bufor lores. April 13 in the middle. Presence of pond lilies gives this particular pond the appearance of permanency. I'd say were choosing here last night but a quick look in the pond revealed no egg clusters. Water is clear, bottom silty and soft. Or flow through a culvert at the SW end of the pond. Practically no insect life except for few water-striders, and no bloom of algae yet. Water temp. 1" below surface 1 foot from pond edge at 4:00 P.M. 19° C. Pond (log) thermometer set accordingly. Air temp above grass some time was 16.8° C. marijona, 1900 feet, marijona co., Colo. 6:35 P.M. one very large adult D.O.R. on blocktop road west of bury 142 through town. This road parallels slow-moving creek, many quite still pools present along wide creek bottom. Algae bloom high, so much air is putrid with its odor. Adult > bend calling 6:45 P.M. but I couldn't find it. An adult > collected away vegetation in stream. Elevated and water temp. 12° C. In middle of channel the colder (12.6° C.) water moves about 1 yard in 2-3 seconds. Heavy weed growth, some scattered clumps of cattails. I worked along this algae-cloaked stream until 8:30 P.M. Adult > foods (about 5) were taken on or near the block-top road paralleling 6:55 P.M.
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ELKADATUM 1955 Buffo boreas April 13 Marizera Creek, Marizera, 1900 feet, Marizera Co., Calif. - the west side of this tributary to Marizera Creek. The stretch of stream is located one block west of the center of town (Baked America, etc.) more detailed description later. I collected about 25 adult or toads, 1 gravid female (not in angulejus). Toward the SE end of the stretch I worked (near bridge) the cattails were thicker and some quite deeper. Many adult bullfrogs sighted here but no toads. 4 adults were collected by hand. A sample of Taddoles taken from near upper end of portion of stream. Todgodes so thick they appeared as a dense black patch over rocky bottom at margin of stream. Alyos plentiful right here, and toad actively frogging. Water added slightly over rocky substrate but moved very slowly where toads present. Groups of toads spread over area 4 x 10 feet but concentrated in two smaller (2x3') patches. Water temp. in midst of group 13.0°C at 7:20 P.M., Air 19.8°C. This spawn could be result of a couple matings. No pairs found tonight in angulejus, although abundance of males indicates that breeding is at possible zeek. April 14 Toads and bullfrogs survived trip. Note coloration pattern of an adult or which looks (see color notes) wetted stripe, is greenish like a B. carinus male.
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L.Karlton 1955 Buffo boreas April 26 Morigan Creek, SW side of Morigan, 1900 ft., Morigan Cr., Calif. 12:05 P.M. Took some habitat shots here with Voightlander 4x5 camera. Plus-X #3 F12 at 1/100th. Facing south. Part of stream where toad eggs found April 13. #4 close-up of toads at edge of the creek. Gravel and rock bottom with scattered patches of silt. F5.6 at 1/100th. Sample of toads taken. Air temp. 2" above range gresses at 12:30 P.M. 10.4°C. Water at edge where toads lay 12.6°C. In deeper water (6") where more toads 11.2°C. In middle of stream where water flowing one yard in 2-3 seconds and 14" deep 10.8°C. Intermittent rain and sunshine at this time. Snow lie at N base of houses. First seen SW of Morigan dry wood at 15:00 feet. Hail and/or rain intermittent between Calhoy and Morigan. The stream here has a maximum width at present of 50-60 feet but stream bed is twice as broad. Maximum depth of water to 14", moves fairly swift (few feet per second) in middle. Pools of eddying water at edges or formed by tributary flow. Vegetation breaks up the stream bottom - scattered cat-tails, mint, a dock (RUMEX) and mostly an unidentified succulent growth forming mats 20-30 feet across and to 20" above water surface. Alder and willow line the stream, densely on NE side, few scattered willow clumps SW side. Algae in heavy bloom where water moves slowly. The stream bottom
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EL Kadetina 1955 Buffo broez April 26 is boulder-stream, a mixture of gravelly soil and rock but rock constitutes fully 80-90% of surface. Red-winged blackbirds singing in over. No adult frogs heard or seen at this time. The toads observed hugged SW edge, congregating in greatest numbers right at the edge where water 1/2" deep or less. Temp. here to 15.80 C. at 12:35 P.M. Those present out from edge tend to face up current (where current at surface runs one yard in 6-7 seconds). So far I haven't observed tadpoles or eggs elsewhere along the 200 yards of stream quickly surveyed. Although silty bottom areas are present, this stream is still a rocky-type foothill creek. Frogs were seen April 13th in all parts of the stream - deep and shallow water - although not active in the faster flowing middle channels. Toad cover in area is extensive. SW of the stream are some fenced fields, a small working yard stream with equipment and trucks, houses, etc. The NE side has heavy brush and sugar maple plus open field areas and houses behind.
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EL Karlstein 1955 April 26 Bufo boreas SW side of Mariposa, Mariposa Co., Calif. Wire fence 7/8 200 yards -> to Knolka 20' along stream bank Road mud hard cover box. Stream Machinery Co. house sloping smaller stream bank willows to 14 feet 50 ft. w.w. w.w. X X w.w. cast tail stackpole house ele -> mapled blm Scottish houses, open fields Center of Mariposa 1/4 mile 20-40' high Alder Grove sloping border line
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"need help" "like, so anyone, anyone to ask us" 25 deg1) MF [illegible]
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EL Kalestom 1955 Buffalo brooks April 27 Sentinel Meadow, 1/4 mi. SW Court. Center, 4000 ft. Pozenite Valley 11:20 A.M. Weather station flooded. Top of heavy lid covering the thermographs barely above at surface of pond. Doug Hubbard made check of station April 20, 1955. Max-min readings 74-20° F. Water level on yardstick 15". Today max-min thermometer is 4" submerged but weather bulbs out of water. Reading 68-23° F. I moved max-min box up to higher ground but partially surrounded by guss hills now covered with 3" of snow. Depth reading 27 3/4" on stick. The flooded thermographs removed for oiling and repair. Tube & cover left me on high ground. 4x5 Voightlander Blue-X film? Almost identical shot taken April 13, facing NE toward Court. Center. 1/200th at F16. #6 facing xNE facing E toward Wolf Dave. F22 at 1/200th, showing the S end of the pond. Indian Canyon Kobschune #6 F14 at 1/50th facing NE toward Air temp. 10.7° C. at 12:15 P.M. 1" above wet bare grass (bulls shod). Water temp. 1" below surface where pond depth 14" 11.20° C. Made several 6' pond sweeps with dip net. Slay bottom of pond. The snow of Monday night followed a rain according to a local resident, and it snowed yesterday. Snow depth yesterday afternoon was 8-10 inches in
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L Karstam 1955 Bubo L April 27 Sentinel Meadow and area all but continuous except for ponds and small pools. It froze last night even inside my car but today the melt-off has been rapid. By 1 PM most of the snow is off the trees in the middle of the valley. Sentinel meadow late snow depth 6-8". About 30% of Sentinel Meadow open area is affected clumps of grass or water. Cottonwoods along Mead River have new leaves just opened eye. Black oaks budding but no opened leaves. Kingfisher (1), Calif. woodpecker, rufous redwinged nut. chickadee, Stellar's Jay active in meadow. Rufous frog or toads studied along block-top pathways and over done soil. Violet-green and rough-winged swallows (couple pairs?) and Audubon warbler also observed. Stineman Meadow, 4000 ft. 1:30 P.M. Snow melt slower here. Rock to 12-14" some spots. Only meadow margins and runoff stream and pools (made of wood) are free of snow. Water temp of major stream 14.2° C. at 1:35 P.M. 1" below surface where depth 10". Temp. of pool 10x40', max 6" deep was 20.4° C. 1" below surface where depth about 3". The flow on N side of road is continuous. Width of stream 8-10' maximum no standing water south side of road, but melt beginning with today's warm weather.
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L.Kalatum 1955 Bufo boreas May 10 SW side of Mariposa, 1900 ft., Mariposa Co., Calif. 11:15 A.M. Quick check of toad breeding site. Todjebs numerous along margins and in deeper slow-moving part of the stream. Stream level same as two weeks ago. Algal bloom more restricted to edges. Aquatic plants beginning to bloom. Older leafed out. Poggies, lupine on rocky slopes in full bloom. Toad sample taken & preserved. Water temp. in water 1" deep at margin where toads congregated 25.80°C. At 11:25 A.M. In deeper parts of stream (no toads) where moving 3-4 feet per second 15.9°C. Air temp. 2" above ground (full shade) 26.5°C. Adult bullfrogs disturbed at edges of cat-tails. Again Rana catesbeiana toads and Bufo toads occur in some pools. Shrewton meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley 8:15 P.M. Check here revealed a & one adult toad, separated by 50 yards, and no signs of successful breeding as yet. Ponds A and most of ditch at BS are dry. Some isolated puddles of water. Flowing see data sheet for water on N side of road but few Hyloa only. Absurbnee meadow this area SW of the Hotel lots see water accumulated in ponds. 21 & toads caught, measured, and released 11:30-12:45 A.M. No females appear to have done little feeding, tend to be skinny and small in comparison to margins o's. Yet calls heard. Hyloa clawing. Sentinel meadow well searched. Not a single toad. see data sheet for temps.
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ELKodatum 1955 Bufo boreas May 11 Dental Meadow 11:20 A.M. Shifted weather station to Chuvahnee mde. Doug Muller's max-min for May 5th was 74-30° F. Water level 26½" at 9 A.M. Today's reading 70-35° F. at 11:30 A.M. Water level 32¼". Water table high in this meadow area with extensive deep meadow pools. However, toads do not select this situation if last night's coverage is prevailing on this scene. I didn't find a single toad out 12:45-1:15 A.M. over middle path, modern paths, grassy areas, or in ponds. The heavy tufted nature of the grass in this area may be unsuitable for toad progression. Certainly water was available here last summer and is now. Where do toads occupying Court residential area to north of Dental Meadow breed? Ready access to Dental Meadow seems to be the case. Chuvahnee Meadow revisited 11:45 A.M. Max-min thermometer placed in weather housing men pond where breeding toads still present. Location is on S or mural River side of road which runs along the south side of Chuvahnee meadow. One pair in complexus, about 12 other (?) worked (see data sheets). Water depth 13" on stake set in pond 6 feet from present sedge. Pond A where most toads present runs NW x SE
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El Kalatun 1955 Bufo boreas May 11 is 10 x 16 yards, grassy with a maximum depth of 15-16 inches. Diving beetles seen. Otherwise aquatic life poor, no algal bloom this pond. Ditch-like ponds adjacent to N side have better algae growth. Desiguate later. May 18 Churchside Meadow. 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley. 5:25 p.m. Area marked out (see crude map) for working study. No adults seen in ponds and no sign of eggs w side of road following superficial check. An adult -> (unmarked) found buried in soft loam soil under a cottonwood slab in the middle of the vast open meadow 75 yards N x NE of pond A, and 45 yards W of single living Populus. Slab 5' x 1 1/2' x 2
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EL Kadatum 1955 Buffy Lorenz may 17 Ahwahnee Mdr., 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. - unknowingly stepping on it and it gave a "meowing" sound. Animal returned & spot worked with a piece of wood thrust in ground. 5:48 p.m. Otter od. -> under a log 10 x 2 x 4" thick, lying in some rotted wood, at soil surface. Closed temp. 18.2° C., Substrate (shadow) 15.3° C. Air 2" above dry grass 24.0° C. Food clipped and released some spot. Appears thin, has fed little. This spot only 10 yards from pond just described. Od. -> spotted in water of this small pond, dived for bottom & returned fully 10 minutes later from working another food, and this one appeared in same position at bottom of pond 8" below surface. Closed 5:59 p.m. 23.0° C. Water temp 1" below surface 23.5° C. Released it in water, Another Food surfaced 5 feet away. Released food approached it (possibly heard few low tremendous notes) and tried emphatically. Same meadow 8:20 p.m. Set up stakes around study pond area. Began survey of yards middle of open meadow. Pair of od 1/2 in small pond 20 yards NW of live cottonwood, are worked earlier today, and second just worked. Byla chasing for oz over all of meadow. Air temp 8:35 9° C. Water temp 19.8° C. Closed of one food the same. Dark by about 9 p.m. Second pond checked located 10 yards SW of main road bordering SW side of Ahwahnee Hotel grounds.
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El Karstium 1955 may 18 Main Road (blacktop) YP 55' concrete drain cleanout. -> To E 53 yds N - tree YP (yell. pine) IC. (cedar) marker stake standing water distance in yards 18 YP Pinus-Incense cedar long deep pond clumped grasses 22 C Downed log 23 yds. long. 10 B <--12--> 23 10 A 26 <-4-> 10 IC cottonwood -> To merced River 20+ yards Azalea E -12- Dammed flood course
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ELKarthum 1955 Bufo boreas May 18 Single to taken live in pool 40' across, roughly circular, no more than 5-6
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El Karleton 1955 Buffa breva May 19 Ahwahnee Meadow 7:30 A.M. Sun just beginning to flood study over azure blue skies. Air temp. 10.1° C. (bull's shd'd) close wet dew-covered grass. Bark B temp. 13.4° C. 1" below surface where water 8-10 " deep. No signs of toads although water temp. is sufficiently high for their activity. Air temp. may be limiting (?) Some locality 5:10 P.M. Switched max-min station to S side Bark B. Also set up tube with Tog and Taylor thermographs inside. Present water temp. 80.5° E. Air 70.5° E. in tube at 6:10 P.M. Byla quiet until about 5:30 after they called intermittently for a short period of minutes. A single adult toad pond A, 10 yards SE of sroy emitted a series of notes from its position 2/3 rd immersed in the water with or so deep. 10-12 notes descending in pitch, not a trill but delivered in rigid order. Called three times. I heard it first about 5:40 from a point 25 yards S of it. The sun descended behind the Valley wall at 6:15. The effect on byla was almost instantaneous as a dozen males began chorusing, moving right out into positions all over pond (or revealing themselves from already occupied positions). No toads heard at this time.
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ELKadatum 1955 Bufo boreas May 23 Joe Doll returned from trip to Sogolen Creek with Bob Hoffmann. Joe collected one adult ? 30 feet from Sogolen Creek under a jutting rock on a dry slope. Locality: 3 mi. NW Hobart Mills, 6400 ft., Nevada Co. Calif. Animal died enroute to Albany. Joe reports having seen but 3 (adult) toads during his past two summers at Sogolen. These were large toads, larger than ? delivered today. Hoffmann corroborates Joe's statements as to scarcity of toads in area. Never even seen breeding nor dove toad tods been found. (Dr. Simons) Rana muscosa are common in Sogolen Creek proper and behind Beaver dams.
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El-Kadethym Bufo brevis May 24 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Centa Carter Richmond, Carter Carter Co., Calif. - 2:30 P.M. This area not visited since March 23, 1956. Pond A has dried up to a point where only 1/5 of original pond area is covered by water. Maximum depth 15-16" largest pool on west side. Heavy sedge + cattail growth, latter for 7 feet. Water slightly muddy. Water temp 1" below surface in water 10" deep (very today) 27.8°C at 3:37 P.M. Air 2" above water, bulbs shaded 21.9°C. Undisturbed toads select surface layers of water probably for optimum temps. Little crogs in bloom. Bufo and Rana toads emerging late this afternoon from under sedge and grass stems. Largest Bufo toad [illegible] body length, Bufo smaller <15 mm. Body length. Widespread numerous dispersion of a toad over all available water suggests migration subsequent to my March 23 check. Bufo and Rana have emerged, are hopping about over muddy areas adjacent to pond. Bozy sun today, sky 1/4 clouded light cumulus cumulostratus type, wind strong from S & SW. Largest metamorphosed toads about 12-13 mm., tail resorbed. Most of these are at N end of pond A suggesting that they resulted from eggs I had observed at this end of pond. One yearling (44 mm.) found in sedge N end.
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(K)ardalians 1955 Burfro brooks May 24 Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Cal. Refuse dump (dirt concrete) toad young here Dry sedges, grasses puddle willow cattails Pond A W side Santa Fe tracks Pond B or E side of same track is shrunk to about 1/3 original size. Entire southern neck (1/4 of original pond) is dry. Tadpoles numerous here as also at pond C NE side of Santa Fe tracks.
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ELKadatum 1955 Buffo [illegible] May 26 Phone conversation with Carter Denting now living at 2433 Waring, Berk. 4, Th. 5-0242. A Zool. 113 student spring of 1952. For past couple of summers he has been working for Montecito Boys and Girls' Campus, packing geese into Sequoia Natl. Park. Reports seeing toads (most likely) in lush vegetation where streams cross path about 200 yards beyond Bear Paw Mdw. on trail to Hamilton Lakes from Giant Forest, about 8000 ft. Sequoia Natl. Park. He suggests contacting Naturalist Floyd Brown at the museum Giant Forest. From C.D. Holligie's field notes June 27, 1912. Confusion exists in my mind over precise locality of Buffo [illegible] taken east side of Kearnye Pass Drugs Co., Calif. Catalog lists Kearneye Pass as locality (would be 11,800 ft.) but field notes show toads may have been taken at Broys Meadow, 6000 ft. after he had packed out from Flower Lake, one of string east of Iwent Lake.
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ELK Aultum 1955 Weather Station check Ahwahnee meadow (Doug Hulbrand) (took date) may 27 if possible. Max-min key #2 Trees "" = 7 "stitching tree" 150 yds Incense cedar Road Main Ahwahnee meadow -> N 10' tall white snow Single yellow pine (down) cottonwood well, this didn't concern me at all! On round chart note jog in my use of scale. 100° = 80°, etc. This way I get more accurate readings. link with air thermograph but shouldn't be necessary to refill after only a week. 2 of each chart in case you tear one. Hammers are YN H's. I came back too late. Thanks! 5-25-55 Max 92.5 Min 38° 6-2-55 90½° 35° Water height 26.75 in 25½"
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Elk Karstern 1955 Buffs Boxes June 5 Ahwahnee Mdw., 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley 7 A.M. Serviced instruments at weather station. Pond level is up. Stake reads 22 1/2" depth. Wyla and Buffs took present Pond B at least. Max-min, (air) 90-39° F. Pond Toy thermograph recording = 0.5-1.0 C° high but I left it as is. Bulbpond appears to have set about about last Wed. (?) # Night check of meadow 10:00-11:15 P.M. Evening clear and mild, practically no breeze. Air temp. ranged 14.5-15.5° C. and evening coolness had not set in by time Dreward I finished survey. About 7 adult O's were too cligged. One recovery of a too marked adult on "Hotel Road" NE side of the west meadow. Movement from original working site about 100 ± yards. Only one toad was recovered in the water. This o' first seen swimming in 8-10" water of ditch SW side of Hotel Grounds. No males at calling stations. Breeding probably thru except for possible late emergence of females. Over 50 O's have been marked since only one F and only one F. She must be one F emergence. I would estimate 3-4 matings Pond A & B from number of toads present now collected tonight. A warm mild evening. Toads probably out feeding on spiders, etc. especially along dirt footpaths. Some toads found in heavy clumped grasses near Pond B. See working sheets for temp. records. (A 47, 149)
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El Karlstrom 1955 Buffalo bison June 6 Abundant Water, Yosemite Valley 10:00 A.M. Clear and hot today. Meadow in full sun. Light breeze from west. Pictures taken: 35 mm. #20 1/50th of F8 facing W x SW toward Pond B #21 " " " same but closer up. Voigtländer camera #1 1/100th of F11 Elua-X dove view or Kodachrome. 2&3 Crowge (2½') of tadpoles in Pond A Algal scum 1/100th F9. #4 facing W x NW down Pond A 1/50th of F11. Water tiny surface ½" where tad photographed 24.6° C. of 10:50 A.M. Drew Widy collected tadpoles - sample of all sizes at NW end of Pond B. More present Pond A. Single mating Pond B? Several Pond A. Max-min 11 A.M. 94-49° F. Present 84°. Wound my clocks on thermographs but left charts. Toy may be running fast. Hulford will service equipment next Monday or so. [illegible] Mustypa picture. Sedges have flowered for most part or 2½ tall. Oaks leaned out. Huntington Lake, 6950 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. 9-10 Y.M. A.E. Quibberton of Fresno State has reported seeing calf. Stands in area of old school which is about ½ mile E of the Post Office Lodge. We checked area out tonight but no signs of tords or good breeding situation. Wyeth (ex.) has brought these
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Elkarsturn 1955 Bufo boreas June 6 buildings and grounds. He reports not seeing any tools on the property. Air temp. 13.8°C., clear, cool, no wind. Dyer(3) and one Rana taken from swampy area ¼ mile E of Will's the Wisp Store & Cafe. Boggy pasture with flowing & standing water.
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E.L.Karlstrom 1955 Buefer June 8 Horse Conall meadow, 7645 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. Sierra National Forest 4:30 p.m. South margin of Big Meadow Creek about 60 yards W of lodgepole pine stand. Tofjels are not dense but sparsely scattered over a surface course 60 ft. long and form 4-12 ft. crowns. [illegible] Fence 3-4" large River adult + fork Flow Buefer tree [illegible] Big Meadow Creek A C B 12" large Ruled moderate slope Lodgepole pine forest
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Elkardston 1955 Buffs Cross June 8 Horse Conell Under., 7645 ft Lewis North Forest, Fraser Co. Early - air temp. 4:45 P.M. 26.1°C. 2" above dense meadow (lilac bloomed) water temp. at A 21.8°C. Temp at B 31.9°C. 1" below surface. A & B pools appear to be separate, B about 2" higher. Tods in both are disengaged, not very numerous (2-3 per foot square average) and could represent two matizes. The flow is westward in A while might account for wide disengagement of larvae. Creek is meandering, varies from 3-4' to 25' across with a half dozen "cascades" of a foot or two each. Approximate flow is a yard in 2-3 seconds between drops. Meadow at this point is about 200 yards E x W and 250 N x S with continuing narrower necks to E and South. Horse warms into the gorse-like while we to 1/6-1/2" tall. Dodecatheon, Ranunculus scattered & blooming. Asphare are half leaved out (leaves 1/2 full size) lodgepole pine stands from all around to this most open meadow but Jeffrey & dugor pines appear amongst the lodgepole. Prior Wilby found more tods (same stage) at C a shallow silty bottomed seepage flow 2-3" deep. Water temp. 20.2°C. Now may one groups of tods found N of site C. Sink holes, ditch like seepage flows have. Meadow boggy. One sink 12'x20' and max. 8" deep so brown-stained tods badly can be seen. There are larger (sample taken) and thicke. Water temp. 31.0°C. at 5:20 P.M. Large Ithyla tods present in this yard D, so far tods from 8-24 mm. Observed and no eggs. Rana muscosa adults abundant along with yearling tods.
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ELKarteton 1955 Bulfer Dunes June 8 Horse Connel Mdw . 7645 ft. Apparently Rana has not bred since we found no eggs in stream or at edge. Main Creek has temp. of 18.2° C. = 9:10 P.M. Night check of same meadow with our night lights. No calling heard from edge of meadow apart for a few hours 200-300 yards away. 2 adult males found on horizontal log siding from an old cabin. Choral of air 18.20° C. at 9:14 P.M. Substrate (dry logs) 11.5° C. Air 2" above logs same. Large for os's. Fairly distinct vertical stripes, greenish-tan ground color. Much rust on vents and densely blotched with black. Adult ? collected 10:20 P.M. Choral 9.2° C. Air 9.0° C above dry log under ? not. N margin of meadow. 10:35 P.M. Adult or on large growth (dry) boulder Choral 14.2° C. Air 1" above rock 14.0° C. This lost trout was caught near the Court Parking station (cabin) on NW edge of meadow. There were no cold water 9:10 - 10:45 P.M. tonight, and no trouts found out in the soggy meadow. All collected were at or near meadow give margin, ad all were up in dry logs or on the rock or the lost one. Some rainbow trout were up in flowing shallows at edge of Creek. We flipped two small over out (<6") and checked guts for signs of tadpole predation. Inspect (carefully?) and debris only. Trout in this situation may take the abundant tadpoles. 5 Rana collected in or near Bufor tad pools were killed & preserved straight for later stomach analysis. Zweifel reported
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ELKadethum 1935 Bufo boreas June 9 Connel meadow, 7645 ft., Seina Nall. Forest – canavus toads as R. muscosa food. Under logs where first two toads collected we took 3 young Thamnophis elegans . Another we sawe size and a larger adult got away. No Hyla seen but a few mole were calling from distance. The scarcity of Hyla toads is unusual since varied breeding sites available. Pond (D) (see map.) had a number of Hyla but 1/6 as numerous as Bufo toad. We covered almost the entire meadow area tonight concentrating on the vergins. No toads seen any under pins in dry stuff where I expected them. No toad eige heard. Breeding here appears thin. Toxopids are at same stage of growth in Yosemite Valley even though we are now 3600 feet higher. Selection for early breeding in montane areas vs well as canvus? Seems so. June 10 Drew and I hiked up the trail about 2 ½ miles to Summit meadow, 8000+ ft. Rana abundant, a few Hyla subadults taken, and Batrachyges under pine logs (see Bat. species account) Small pellets of snow are under trees but meadow clear and lush. Fair gradient here although shallow seep water available to toads. Bufo probably has not guided me into this particular meadow. Photo (Kedchume) #25 taken of Connel meadow facing southward toward some pools where toads present. The creek is just beyond.
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Elkodontum 1955 Bulfer Lorenz June 10 Long Meadow, 7500 ft., 3 mi. NXNE Giant Forest, Sequoia National Park, Tulare Co., Calif. Tohoplas found in seep? pool at east limit of meadow where Wolverton Creek flows out into meadow area open and cleared as by bulldozer preparing to development of this area for campground, etc. 5-6 separate shallow (max 4-5") puddles which probably were originally one larger pool. Longest puddle now 20'x 25'. Water temp. in 14.5° C (depth about) 1:05 P.M. 1" below water surface 32.5°. Tope spread out but most numerous at shallow edges. Wind fairly strong from SW so air temperature cooler today than yesterday. Drew noted this pool yesterday and remarked how it was shrinking. From his boat works at pool edge I estimate vertical decrease of 3/4" resulting in 2-3 feet "total drop". Today I counted 25 tods in the neck of one puddle clearly stranded, their books out of water. Two size groups <12 mm. and 20-25 mm. ocyphori. Larger are at same stage as those yellow brown crawls meadow north of here at green 7645 ft. Bottom of this pool mixed sand + mud, no algal growth visible. Tope sucking detritus from bottom and from surface film. Water a brown-stained color. -1:50 P.M. Survey of meadow. Variety of breeding sites available and toads not highly selective. One slow-moving 2' deep 2" wide hole tods (temp. water 22.5° C.). Else may have worked into meadlet from seepage pools adjacent this meadow is half boggy, half dry sandy ground. togs, midet linnues, myriad forest all available for noticed. We turned all available letter but no toads.
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EL Kalabam 1955 Buffalo Bream June 10 Long Meadow, 7500 ft., Lagunias Nutt. Forks. - There is an apparent lack of divisibility exhibited by adult at this altitude - at least now when peak of breeding is past. Banks of Wolverton Creek have been dammed up for water supply. W end of meadow has an artificial lake 200 x 125 yards. Edge or surging with reeds to '4-16" height. Batch of trout eggs (various hatching) and hatchery out larvae present. Strive of trout eggs over total area 4'x8' but masses concentrated several spots. Water temp. 23.4°C. at 2:05 P.M. Same locality 9:03 P.M. Night check with herilanges. Adult @ edge of reservoir Closed 11.5°C. Air temp 1" above dewy meadow 7.20C. Water 1 foot from edge 2" depth 9.1° C. [illegible] hatching (2-3) but no Buffalo notes. 9:15 P.M. Dead male adult in water at edge of reservoir. Stomach should as if dug a bird or carrion but food otherwise intact. Fungus growth over skin surface. 9:35 P.M. Adult @ walking over dry gravel seemingly toward water in meadow. Closed 9.10C. Air 1" above dry sub- strate 5.90°C. Following a chase on foot for 45 min. we started driving the dirt & curbed rush woods surrounding this this meadow area. 5 more trouts gotten to give a total of 8 - 6 adults, 2 subadults. At the shallow surge pool described earlier today where tadpoles then, we got an adult voracious ♀. Water & closed temp 16.2°C. 9:50 P.M. An adult @ was in water 8' from ♀ but we had no calls from him. A subadult also in water along with a large Rana.
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El Karalton 1955 Bufus brown June 10 Long Meadow, 7500 ft, Sequoia Natl. Park. - She latter yielded first thing for stomach analysis. Feeding on tadpoles? Quiet night read 10:48 p.m. Air temp down to 6.2° C. dry then. Reading not over the meadow since 2 o'clock, one & found in water and other o'clock probably reading for water. June 11 Grapevine Canyon, 6 mi. SW Brown, 2600 ft, Kern Co. Adult female on gravel-dirt road. Clouded 14.45°C. at 9:05 p.m. Dry fine gravel 20.1°C., air 1
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Eli Kedstrom Buffo (lonera) ehaul June 13 Deep Springs Valley, 5000 ft, 4 mi. SW Deep Springs P.O., Inyo Co., Calif. Sedges are tall here to 3-4', rocky soil very black. Cattle have trampled adjacent area heavily so the grass is clumped and matted, left only up to your knees many places. 3:45 p.m. Draw bridge found single adult ehaul. We withdrew a hundred yards or so waiting for dusk and the chance to tape record under-tumbled sounds. No calls but store of blackbirds late afternoon. Recording begun 7:15 p.m. A few Buffo notes were mixed in with the bird calls and a couple of spade-foot moles. Call is B. lonera helophilus like but slightly higher pitched - up to 3-4 notes in a second time almost uniformly spaced. No real Buffo chorus heard. Adults and tadpoles not easily collected. Method for getting adults was to walk along parting the sedges and watching for movement. The dark body against the black soil is hard to spot, and the light vertebral stripe was highly disruptive. Was a decrease of activity as darkness set in with a dozen Texas (probably) night-herons catching flying insects, blackbird, and amphibia calls. Air temp 15.8 C. At 9 p.m.: about 14 adult Buffo collected (were - to 25 seen but 10 left there) along with Buffo and Scapherjina tadpoles.
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Karlston 1955 Buffalo brook June 17 Oluwahno Meadow, 4000 ft., Pte. Valley - 11:30 a.m. Check of weather station last checked by Doug Hubbard Jun 18. max. 98 min. 46. Water depth 20-20½" Note the air temp. exceeds that gotten at Herdbythis weather station by about 3 degrees. (95 Jun 8 Y.N.P.) max-min. 82-70° F. Water level Pond B 16½" Adjusted pond thermograph which was off in timing, a few degrees high in temp. Dyer and Buffalo took as longer, border to net. A good average ride for bottom flora - 2 (6' average Pond B. Clear, worm, louzy today. Sedges & grasses to 3' height. Western aspden beginning to bloom. Oaks & cottonwoods leafed out. June 19 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Carini Carter Richmond), Carter Carter Co., Calif. Night search 9:30 - 10:35 a.m. for toads. One adult D (unidentified) and a juvenile collected Pond A area west side of Santa Fe roadbed. Just water dried up here but some moisture bottom of pond C; water & tadpoles small area pond B. Clear cool night. Members of this population must spread out over vast area for nocturnal post-breeding feeding activity. I covered a lot of ground to find two toads. Small recently metamorphosed toads under old logs pond A.
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El Karattem 1958 Buffalo broom Jun 24 Abutaher Lake, Yoz Valley. Max-min 96-36° F at 1:40 P.M. Present reading 83° F. Clear skies, windy. I raised Taylor air thermometer 20 F to 77°. The Tog water thermometer is quite accurate, running somewhat fast but ± 1° of temp. I got with shoulder's quick-see thermometer. Pond level at 9 3/4". The float in water on grasses although the staked and is still floating. I moved the float out deeper. Pond A 1/3 rd of water area, Pond B 1/2 origin area. Wet bottom margin a deep mat of wet green grass. Stranded Hydra and Buffalo tobs few per square yard. Bird droppings abundant. Half dozen Brewer's blackbirds now in this area. Meriotes operios in marginal matted grasses. Buffalo tadpoles with third legs developed in depression in mud 2x2 x 3/4" deep. Was stranded once as I waddled but flapped back out into the depression, no way to find deeper water. Water temp 29.5° C at 2:15 P.M. No emergent young found edge of pond. Sample of tadp taken. Brief night check here 10:15-10:45 P.M. yielded no adult tobs. Single or Hydra head in area. Cool evening but den, night air charged with campfire smoke. Tall grasses in pond area seems unsuitable now for food location. Yet have seen on putwage at edge of pond. Sweeps (about 20) made of pond B with long handled dip net. Hydra outnumber Buffalo 20 to 1 this pond. Aquatic insects abundant same as are weeks ago. No Buffalo gotten middle of pond. Hydra
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ELKadatum 1955 Buffs Grass June 24 Alburnes meler, Yosemite Valley occupy deeper parts of the pond; food lower at the margins. not a temperature factor necessarily since the Hydr will usually occupy the upper warmer water layers where it is just as warm as the margins. This ecologic segreting inures full utilization of the pond area. June 27 Christ Valley, 7700 ft., Olinic Co., Calif. We canvassed roadside area in Faith Valley a few form miles north of here but found no signs of toads. There is an adult bruesz in Muz collection from Faith Valley taken by RC Smith. Night air temp. Last night at 9:35 P.M. was 6.5 C. No freeze but a cold evening. Both evening & morning clear in Faith Valley. At 10:30 A.M. we drove up into Christ Valley, another long open meadow grazed by cattle. Small streams wander thru flat area. Clumps of willow leafed out and to 15' height line parts of stream channels. Toads found along margins of pond 75 x 60' x 5'deep middle. Water temp. 22.1 C. at edge in water <3/4" deep where a grape congested. Temp. 16.80C. 3' out, 6" deep, where scattered tods present. took & preserved sample collected. mufled sand and gravel bottom. Sedges line margin, as to 10" height. Willow clumps in middle of pond & along margin. Corn dillies (opened 1/2 way) and penurculas in bloom are prominent plants. Air temp (shaded shade) 17.2 C. at 10:55 A.M. Clear skies, warm, no freeze.
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ELKadotum 1955 June 27 Cherty Valley, 7700 ft., Alpine Co., Calif. - swarming mosquitoes & flies miserable as I write. Water semi-clean. Some logs near edge. Turned over but no toads. Pond adjacent to road barred off from pasture so cattle apparently do not wade here. Deer tracks wrong. Rare adult collected and photos. Voughten 4 x 5 camera #4 blue-x 1/100th F10.5 frog pond toward W x SW from point 60 feet away. #5 close-up of tote margin of pond. F8 at 1/100th Kodachrome #1 frog N x NE up Cherty Valley with pond & willow foreground 1/50th at F8. Continued my road to Blue Lake, ½ mi. E x SE of the ridge, 8200 ft., Alpine Co., Calif. Adult (small) ? found in glazed pocket gopher burrow in field of corn lilies. Ground temp. 23.7° C. at 12:25 p.m. Air temp. mouth of 6" deep burrow (shrub shaded) 19.7° C. Sun hits ¾ths of bottom of burrow while is 2" wide at bottom, 6" at top. Ground is moist just under surface but no water can be squeezed from crudly ball pressed between fingers. Open meadow with rocky interior margins & very scattered lodgepole pines. Some boggy small ponds at seepage areas. Abundant patches of willows (to 10') and buttonweed blooming Corn lilies, Grasses & sedges, plantain (?) to 6-8" pasture land. Snow on rocky N-facing slope. Meadow
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Elkaderim 1955 Buffy Brown June 27 1/2 mi. E x SE of the nipple, 8200 ft., Olive Cr. 300 yards wide x 1/4 mile long NE x NW. Gently 20-30° sloping hills border meadow averaging 100-200 feet height. Nipple lies to W x NW of this meadow. 5000 ft. Another meadow seen to W of road cleared. Cactus caucus sized membranous sac filled with insect fragments found in seepage flow. See in gray from outside. I saved what remained after I had punctured it. Could this be an onion feed sack? Water 1" deep gently flowing seepage flow 2 1/2' wide. 35 mm -> ^ 14m <- v 1/2 3/4 mile E x SE of the nipple, 8:14 P.M. Adult ♀ down in another pocket given armour may even kill substitute pestal. Closed temp. 13.50 C. Air temp. Armour 14.0° C. Air temp. 1" above ground 10.5° C. Moderate breeze, sun baked ridge. Burrow 7" deep, 2 3/4" across - a tight squeeze for food which must have locked down in.
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Elkadeatum 1955 Buefer broces July 4 Churchone view, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Caly. Check of weather station. max-min. 88-37° F. 8:20 p.m. I shifted the thermograph tube 10' in toward Shueher pond B which now has water surface area of only 12' x 25'. The depth marker has been stolen but I estimate present level as 4½
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Elkardetham 1955 Buffo toads July 8 Single maternized tood in my Churchose park. Since many toad larvae were present as late as a few weeks ago I suggest that toads have a greater tolerance for temp. and possibly low oxygen, salt etc. Cannibalism and toads' carnivorous habits may also be a factor in weeding out toad larvae. As I approached yard A this afternoon a flock of 8 Brewer's blackbirds flew up from margins of the puddle. Numerous bird droppings at edge of puddle added evidence for avian predation. Sun hot. There were no large number of insects on mud surface. Two adult toods collected in grasses, one near (od. 05) Sedge yard B, the other (od. ?) in grass rear yard E. Deimatic freezing possible due to heavy green cover providing a good 80% shade coverage. All known toad breeding sites apparently dried up this area. The outlook for successful Bufo repro- duction had seemed good Churchose meadow. High "pond" temperatures recorded today when toads present 30.1° C. See July 29 for tood patch. July 19 ½ mile E x S E Myrtle, 8200 ft, Alpine Cr. Cali. 4:30 a.m. Check box of locality where 2 adults collected June 27 of this year. Clear warm afternoon but not a sign of toods or todgates. Corn lillies opened up fully a short xx. Ground surface drier but still moist in low areas and in golden lumious. Suitable breeding sites appear to be present along
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Karlstein 1955 Buffalo, Arizona July 19 1/2 mi E x SE Niggle, 8200 ft., Alguie Co. Colif. - the shallow dirt still flowing creek. Para musca adults present but no Ibyla found. Extensive seneal among corn lilies, rodent burrow opening, and origin of willow clump. No torde. Chanty Valley, 9700 ft., Alguie Co., Colif. 5:50 8.M. A brief check of this pond and adjacent area revealed not a sign of larvae or transformed toroe. The pond is 2/3rds dried up with maximum depth of water about 16". Weed clumps and crooked around margins. Pond and I turned over logs & stones around pond without re- covering a single torde. There was an abundant host of tadpoles in lute jars, and I would expect metamorphosed torde to be present - or larvae still in the pond. Water beetles (Noticeno) numerous. Water brown-stained slightly but no particular heavy odor of wetlone usually associated with such ponds later in summer. Faith Valley, 9500 ft., Alguie Co., Colif. Pond and I discovered larvae in a couple of seepage streams adjacent to the main creek. Water locked up in places, shallow (to 10-12" max. mum depth). Wot temp. 20.8°C. at 6:45 P.M. Some torde along edges of main 20-25' wide creek; probably washed into creek from seepage pools on meadow surface. Difficult to capture more than a few dozen larvae.
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EL Karlstrom 1955 Bufo boreas July 20 6 mi W Elberts Pass, 7700 ft., Owyhee Co. Calif. 9:10 A.M. Tadpoles discovered in a small meadow seygore pond. Kodakhine #10 taken from NW 1/8th at 59. Meadow sure NW x SE 120 yards by 30-40 yds wide. Lodgepole pine - set for association. A small trickling creek were length of low gradient meadow, averaging 2' width but holes to 14-16 " deep. Rora adult numerous. Ambystoma macrodetylum under logs edge of boggy meadow. Pond irregularly shaped 25 x 8' with max depth 8" middle. Water clear but half broken by green grasses to 16" height. Would appear to be a single food hotel. Larvae find legs developed, are large - to 1" total length. Water temp. 14.6° C. at 9:20 1" below surface. Air temp. 1" above damp grass 18.2° C. Hydra present but few in number. Rora adult in pond. Predation on tadpoles? Total toad population may be less than 500 Common morning flower predominant meadow bloom scattered corn lilies. Bottom of pool muck and adsilt. He tadpoles well spread out, it took Paul Elberts and me over 1/2 hour to collect 30-40 tadpoles. They were carried out in a carton. No sign of adults under logs meadow margin. Again B. boreas does not appear to be found at higher elevations. This locality puts bores within 5 miles of Iviey's 1952 corrine locality
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ELKalden 1955 Buffo [illegible] July 20 in upper Hermit Valley at the same elevation. The canyon of Hermit Valley between the two localities appears rocky and steep for the most part, but there may be suitable food breeding sites somewhere along the Mokelumne River. Area quite dry now, should be flooded in late June [illegible] or earlier. Deer Creek, above which the looness toads were found, is a north tributary of the Mokelumne.
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ELKadeath Bufro boreas July 29 Ahwahnee Meadow, 4000 ft. Yosemite Valley Removed last of traps, equipment from meadow 6:45 a.m. max-min 97-39 F. Pond A & B had moist mud bottoms. Turning logs at bottom of pond A yielded 3 metamorphosed toads active on wet mud surface. First sign of successful toad hold 2 years. Length S-V of toads: 13.2, 14.8, 12.6 mm. Recently meta. metamorphosed Hydra present under some logs. Aug. 23 Same locality. Night check 8:15-9:05 p.m. yielded two adult >> toads at SE corner of meadow along the bridle path. Weather had been too corriged. No toads found over ponds A, B, etc. or over open grassland. Mild evening with air traps in high 60's. Toads very active. ELK #808 tested & stomach preserved. S-V length 81.2 mm. Dorsal color olive-brownish dark with dark blotches < 1 cm. length. Venter entirely unspotted. Aug. 29 Color notes on ELK #809, S-V length 89.5 mm. Ovary expanded, eggs < 1.4 mm. diameter. Fat bodies not greatly greatly expanded. Sept 8 Ahwahnee Meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley 7:00 p.m. Check of study area. At pond A I found 5 of this summer's metamorphosed toads. S-V length about 3/4". These are larger than yearling B. boreas I found in June and July at Tioga Pass. A large single
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Elkaderum 1958 Buffs borreus Sept. 8 adult & active in grass 7:20 P.M. nearby deadfall log at E margin find B. Toad collected for experimentatin. Sedges still green and tall (to 3' in clumps) but no standing water. Wild mint (giant hyssop) abundant among sedge clumps and in meadow bottom. Artemisia, western bull thistle also present. On the north side of the road dry open grassland with Lessingia forming dense lilac fields. I collected 4 more marked adults at SE corner of large open meadow. Two were along bridle path and others near a large downed stumps and log. Dry matter open grassy over. Ground squirrel burrows all around the stumps - probable toad retreat. Evening clear and mild - in 70's. F. One marked adult -> RF 3, LF2, -, LH4 found near the stump. No breeze tonight. Smoke large in Valley.
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Elkallatum 1955 Befor losses Oct. 8 Churchoone mdr, 4000 ft, Yosemite Valley. Brief check here with a hard range 8:55-9:20 P.M. along drible path bordering NE. under of meadow. Also along fence and ditch SW of the Hotel grounds. Three of us (Roberson, Hamilton, Me) found no tools out neglected to take air temp. but estimated 55-60 degrees F. Next a check of portion Stoneman Meadow- 9:30- 9:45 P.M. Hamilton and I found no tools but heard a number of active mice in brush. Oct. 22 Churchoone mdr. Anderson, Smith + John, Burns, Kenzohn, and I set out 75 snow-trogs here to make partial survey of rodents. During course of making the set (9:00-10:00 P.M.) I looked carefully for tools as others did. No juvenals founder under logs pond or elsewhere. Not a tool seen. Air temp. was a cold 5.8° C. a few inches above meadow grass. No standing water but vegetation slightly damp from ground fog and mist. Snufree tool activity probably has ceased for this fall.
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EL Karlstern 1955 Buffs lovers Nov. 13 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. U Civic Center Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Caly. Fall rains began today sometime prior to 7 A.M. and probably 1-2 inches fell during the day. Arrived Richmond site 5:30 P.M. Dark and damp with very slightly water standing in puddles but more accumulated as pond water in larger depressions. One adult found collected only on east side of raised railroad bed. Crawled slowly walking over brown ground broken by low grassy patches. Crocol temp. 7.5°C at 5:50 P.M. Air temp. 1" above ground 7.0°C. (bull most?) Light breeze. Length of area about 45 minutes. Ground offers to look a real good swimming hole. Jim Orderson out some evening NE Walnut Creek. He reported no amphibians except a couple D.O.R. B. lovers. Cold out there, too, with air temps 80 C. Nov. 19 Same locality as above. Cold and rainy again. One adult found same area on east side of railroad bed. Crocol temp. 8.3°C., Air 7.9°C., 2" above ground.
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Amphibians Bufo canorus
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ELI Kolston 1955 Bufo conexus Feb. 9 Letter dated today this date received from Robert L. Wierzej, Sacramento State College. Vial #56 (tadpoles) 3/4 mi. W of Carnegie Institution's cabin in Hawey Hall Natural Area, at east base of Mt. Conexus, 10,000 feet, Mono Co., Calif. July 30, 1952.-In a pond roughly 150 yards in irregular diameter, with much short emergent grass. Water range .65° F in shallow edges 1-2" and 64° F in over 6" deep. Elbetta Pass specimens: 2.4 miles (dry road) S of State Hwy. 4, 7800 feet, Alpine Co., Calif.-Small artificial pond 6'x15' not over 12" deep, supplied by seepage from east slope of Weyer Desert Valley. Pond in a small wet meadow grazed by cattle. Many of the larvae taken from shallow (2-3") seepage streams above pond; also sometimes in brook points. Short grass & sedge in meadow and stream. (same locality as 1952 collection). * Above Elbetta Pass is a range extension of = 16 air-line miles from Sierra Pass locality. Wierzej will publish Herpetologia 1955.
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ELKorolation Buffo carorus Feb.9 Taken from Livingy's notes on carorus ?,? and smallest juvenile from South Highland Lake (5 mi. by road S of State Hwy. 4) from yards at south side of lake at base of melting snow pack. Also many kids in more easterly yard, ? from yard directly adjacent to snow pack, ? from runoff yard to east but connected to snow yard (8700 feet) Foliar color notes on above from life (see notelook) Notes on lowerae not copied here. Livingy analyzed 34 carorus from Timbelvic Canege, E base of mt. Cornass. Elev. 10,200 feet. RL #56 X S-U 11.35 teeth 2/3 U-1 Tail 11.19 Total 22.51 Also 12 larvae from Eldbett base locality, 2.4 mi. S of State Hwy 4, 7850 ft. RL #70 X S-U 14.7 teeth 2/3 U-1 Tail 18.66 Total 33.38 Recently metamorphosed young from same locality 15 averaged 11.63 mm. body, one had 1.5 mm. tail stub. Also Bufor larvae lower. 16 from McKays 6 1/2 mi E of Away, Stanislaus Co., 4175 ft. June 7, 1952 X S-U 6.72, tail 7.417, total 14.06.
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Elk Karlston 1955 Bufo carorus April 13 hurried survey made along Glacier Point road between Chiquaquin and Beargry meadow Y.N.P. A possibly good carorus locality is a bog meadow south 200 yards from the road below Bodger pass turnoff. The meadow is open but this may be too much gradient for standing water. About 14" of snow here, melted off at meadow margin. Bearing has a maximum of 25" of snow, but it again lies deep, saturated ground under stand of lodgepole pines to 8 of road. Season opens a couple weeks later this year than last.
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Elkadelium 1955 Bufo canorus May 10 Beargrass mdw, 7200 ft., Y.N.P., Murgina Cr., Calif. 9:45 P.M. Night check along road. Sky clear and star-lit. Air temp. 2" above dry snow surface 4.5°C. Water temp. in surface snow run-off pool 1°C. No toads calling at several localities along road between Bridger Pass and Beargrass. Left max-min. for air temp. May 11 Returned to same locality. Bright sun, light breeze, azure blue skies. Meadow 7/3 rds snow covered but bare over 40-50 feet wide where creek flows down meadow and also under lodgepole pines. Maximum snow depth about 18-20" Min. reading on max-min. thermometer was 29° F. for last night. I housed the thermometer in a weather station set placed at edge of lodgepole pine stand S side of road. Meadow saturated with melt water. Water temp. in melt pool 1½" deep 12.5°C. at 10:40 A.M. Air 1" above wet meadow 9.0°C. (Hull-model) no toad activity. May 19 2.9 road miles NE Chiguwain, 6800 ft., 9:40 A.M. Tributary of Grone Creek. I hiked through drifted snow (to 5-6' depth but other spots clear in open areas and along creek) about 200 yards SE of Glacier Point Road. This is first big herd in road NE of Chiguwain which leads into round the ridge. Small bowl-like enclosed meadow adjacent to creek. Open area 80x100 yards bordered by white pine-sugar pine forest. Sheets of water 40-50 feet across in most level places 3-4" deep, clear cold. No toads out or under
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Elkardstrom 1955 Buffy canyon May 19 large and slobs of work I could turn on 1/2 shad at 10 A.M. Cast skin of Geobrotus found under log, too broken me to take. Ants, carpels, beetles under wetted grasses of brook. (2 mi. NE Chugwam, 7050 ft) 3.3 road miles NE Chugwam. Second stage tree where road makes another wide bend in toward the slope and creek passes under road. 10:15 A.M. Corridor zone meadow, 80-100 yards across and extending general S/E direction for over 300 yards. Meadow fairly open but scattered big towering (to 100+ feet) red fir-sugar pine stands bordering and at least two groves of quaking aspen breaking it up even the central open part. Corn lilies to 4", goose, sedges (?) scattered but to 2" some places. Snow half gone from meadow, remaining is 14-16" max. depth and melting fast. Running stream, shallow, four yards wide running NW direction, a tributary of Crouse Creek. Water also occurs shallow sheets over much of bottom part of meadow. I turned over extensive cover along NE margin of meadow (see Encarta account) but no signs of toads. Full warm sunshine, no breeze. Robins numerous, mt. chickadees, Audubon's warblers out. 11:20 took Kodachrome #17 facing W across meadow (Encarta log) 11:35 A.M. Water temp stream 13.4° C. Air 2" above meadow (bulb shaded) 21.1° C. algae in surface run-off at lower end of meadow. Bova tods in silty bottomed yards in stream.
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EL Karlstum 1955 Buffo canyon May 19 Bareggy Mdw., 7200 ft., Y.N.P. Mariposa Co., Calif. 1:45 P.M. Max-min. (air) 10°-70° for one week. Meadow clear of snow except for timbered margins and along road. S side closing rapidly, stream flow moderate. N side with surface seeps and very boggy. Run-off streams and pools extensive, to 2-3" depth, silty bottom. Air temp. 1:50 P.M. 21°C. Water (surface pool) 22.6° C. Flow in 10" deep channel 10.8° C. Meadow a maze of microtus burrow costs and mule tracks. Tamarack Gin Flat, 7100 ft., on Tioga Pass Road (to 2') Mariposa Co., California 3:30 P.M. Snow cover 3/4 of open area but melting fast. Large pond 50 x 20' formed on N side of road. Maximum depth 8". Ibex (few) crossing but none seen. Probably under edge of snow border bordering pool. Water temp 7.1° C. Air 2' above water 16.5° C. at 3:40 P.M. Robin, Baird chickadee, 1 red-breated nuthatch, junco in Gin Flat area. Road to Tamarack Flat closed up by snow. I had to open fire gate above Carrs Flat to get use line, but road mostly clear of snow. Conditions okay right for emergence of canines.
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EL Karlstam 1955 Bufo corus June 7 Kaiser Park Meadows, 7000 ft., Fresno Co., Cal. 10:10 A.M. Male bird calling from NW loose of the slope up to Kaiser Berke. Clear, warm, still day. Clear of ore or in amphidus female 24.2° C. at 10:15 A.M. F ovipositing, many eggs laid (1/2 complement) sedge water collected over almost entire meadow, flowing in sheets 20 yards away. Still water line 2 1/2" deep dark brown silty bottom. Eggs covered with silt. A third adult → found 6" from mating pair. Water temp. 23.8° C. 1" below surface. Eggs spread over area 25 x 10" predominantly in strings. Difficult to trace out long strings but one 2' of unbroken string followed out. Sample taken. F S-U length 68 mm. →/2 or in dark brown color plate. They with silty background very clear and their calling came abruptly as we approached 20-30 yards from them. Triangulation with Drew bird only partly effective due to the ventriloquist nature of calls. Air temp. 19.5° C. at 10:50 A.M. One high cumulus cloud. #22 Kodachrome taken from N where fork taken F9 at 1/5th 11:15 A.M. Both of eggs while appear to be a full dutch found by bird. 5 x 20" string out but concentrated "aggregation" end. Eggs in water 2" deep at edge of brook 5-6' wide slowly flowing seepage stream while for max. depth of 4-5". Temp. 25.8° C. of water air now 22° C. Birds absent. All eggs collected for counting. No adults around them. Stage of dev: unclear.
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ELKarlton 1955 Bufo canorus June 7 Kaizen Pass (0.2 mi. NE) Meadow, 9200 ft., Fresno Cr., Caly. 12:15 P.M. Male trilling lustily. Air temp beneath shade of lodgepole pine 22.0 C. Air temp 1" above dense meadow margin in full sunlight 24.2 C. I set tape recorder and mike at NW edge of meadow and left it there in hopes birds would commence calling again. #22 Kodachrome of meadow facing due W. 1/50th F11 Vaiglander corona #5 Plus-X facing W some m above 1/woth at F13 #6 " " W x SW 1/100 th at F16. Recording started about 1 P.M. Sky clear but for few billowing high clouds, full sunlight. Gusty breezes springing up from SW. Birds trilling nicely. Mike set 45' from lodgepole pine border. Mike lead runs along a log pine snag to prevent whistling. lodgepole pines O snage recorder 45' snow to 8" deep 2" deep silt bottom 3" deep patches
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EL Korbatum 1955 Bulfo conurus June 7 Mole A is 25' SW of mike, B 15' behind A, and C over to the right. Square of colle unfort but A usually starts out a series after a period of silence. Once the others are stimulated by A then they seem to have counter effect on A and a real chorus results. Air temp. direct sunlight 1" above soggy meadow 24.5° C. at 1:20 P.M. Water temp. where frogs are 31.8° C. Toward end of tape I sounded a high C on my pitch pipe. Vinylander close use of angling tools which were 10' SW of mike. #8 within couple feet of gun 1/20th at F10 #9+10 (pulled two) " F8 ? #11+12 further away (3-4') 1/100 th at F6. Above gun in angling, I out for eggs collected together. Kaiser Pass mikes. Recording (reel No. 2) includes "release notes" of male subjected to aroma of another male. Twice there were 3 males rolling like a toy wrestling team as they formed a watery "daisy chain", movements of an adjacent male precipitate almost immediate attempt at complex leg ovother. Can female coin a pattern for a strong sign stimulus for sex recognition when males mount any food that moves? From field observation I get impression that the usual stimuli: congruability, movement, lack of wrestling or aggressive - movement being a prime factor. What then is selective
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EL Karlstom 1955 Bufo corone June 8 advantage of ? dichromism ? Disruptive pattern? males are much harder to see with their greenish-brown color, whereas ? are readily spotted. One comes back to sex recognition. ??? June 14 Rock Creek Lake, 9727 ft., Inyo Cr., Calif. Made camp at small shallow lake just below the larger Rock Creek Lake. Mucky area adjacent to lake. No onshore active hole. Water temp. 9:15 10.5°c. Air June 15 1" above water 7.8° c. During the night the wax-wn. thermometer recorded a low of 33° c. At 1 p.m. Drew did find me an active young ? corone from a mucky area adjacent to creek entering Rock Creek Lake from the south. Very little wet ranch available around this lake. I took a Rana muscosa in some area as Drew found the corone. Sunny mild afternoon with scattered high light cumulus. Breeze gusty from SW. Air temp (half shaded) at 1:15 p.m. 17.8° c. Further search of the south end of the lake revealed no further stocks. There is a string of lakes S by SW of Rock Creek Lake and there should be good meadow habitat at the margins of those lakes. Where Drew found the single ? there in heavy willow growth, sedges around the muddy pools. Aspen and pine beside the stream. Even looked to be open and dry. The only snow left is in form of spruce particles age under denser pine stands and north facing slopes. Rock Creek Lake Rock Station, 9000 ft. Extensive pasture meadow lake with many side lakes, simulate a salpige stream. No onshore rear. 2:30 p.m.
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El Karstetum 1955 Bulfer conurus june 15 Reda Meadow, near David's Postyele, 7500 ft., Modena Co. Calif. Night search of three meadow areas in vicinity of Reda mdrw. 8:30-9:45 P.M. Boggy area W of Soteler Lake. Water temp. 15.50 C. Air 8.20 C. at 8:50 P.M. Couple Hylo ?'s showering. Hylo todysola, some Rora adults. Tomist meadow, about 1/4 mile N of Reda Meadow Campground is most likely conurus habitat. Silty-bottomed boggy meadow pools, seepage streams. A fine posture. Hylo todysola only - none near average. Also Grt. meadow adjacant to Campground. This meadow quite dry except for small rivulets cut deeply into meadow floor. june 16 more extensive search for conurus above localities. Hylo toda, 2 Thummgis toba from Tomist mdrw. Also Rora. Check of David's Postyele meadow area and others along road or way out. Probably too early for toda. 200 yards NE Teiya Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft., Mono Co. Calif. - Search of area studied last summer revealed but one ad. of toda. He was in a pond located about 100 yards NE of Station. Water temp. 5:45 P.M. 15.50 C. Air 1" above pond 10.20 C. Buller slaked. According to Bob House, Ranger at the Entrance Station, the Pass area has only recently (last 3-4 days) cleared of snowy. The meadow pools are rising fast. The meadows are now 2/3 mile cleared of snow but pockets are to 4'-5' depth some pockets. Pond where Toy steno- graph sat and tonight is 21/2" deep 3 feet N of the weather housing. Gale temp. 7:35 P.M. is 10.9 C
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ELK Lake 1955 June 16 Terra Rose, 9900 ft., Mono Co., Calif. 2" below surface, air temp. 7.5° C. above wet grass. Thermograph in recording pond tank. It swept 41' out from E bank of pond 2-2½" below surface. Drew spotted an adult F which eluded him in wooded pool. We saw two other OD's while putting in temperature equipment. No eggs or caddis. Caverns emergence probably recent here at the Rose. June 24 Forequire Flat, 8100 ft., Mariposa Co., Calif. late afternoon check of area south of Forequire Creek. 5:15-6:50 P.M. gentle sloping grassy hillside soggy with seepage flow from lodgepole pine forest where snow still drifted up under trees. Scattered small lodgepole pine on hillside, no frogs but Perca in pools adjacent to stream. 9:15-10:05 P.M. check of meadow area. Tadpoles found near on table-like area about 100 yards S of main Creek. Mark Hipssett and I found no adults. Air temp. 7.8° at 9:35 P.M. Water 1" deep seepage stream where tadpoles present 12.8° C. Tadpoles well dispersed but seepage flow steady and these could be result of but a few waterings. Dry overnight, no breeze. June 25 Check of same area 8:15 A.M. No signs of adults under logs or out in open. Water temp. 13.5° C., air 1" above wet log 13.0° C. & 8:35 A.M. No additional tad found. Mark collected single Thermophis.
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ELK aridation Bulfer carronae gune 25 Targa Pass, 1/2 mi SE Ranger Station, 9800 ft. Adult ♂ on boggy meadow. clovered 14.5°C. at 10:25 A.M. Full sun but stingy S.W. wind and cool. Air temp. 1" above boggy substrate 11.8° C. bulb shaded. Toads, young tree frogs active out on open ground. Other adult ♂ out, about 4-5 collected, other juveniles. One adult in small 2" deep pool, water temp. 19.5°C. at 10:55 A.M. No calling heard. Recently hatched larvae found at margin of average pool 5' x 20'. Some larvae still attached to jelly. Depth of water averages 41". Temp. 21.5° C. at 11:65 A.M. Pond 8" deep in middle, a steady cool 16.0° C. flower. Eggs were laid over brown silt while overlays sandy, gravelly bottom. Wind but slightly among plants of grasses now only 1-2" tall. Adult ♀ on boggy open meadow in full sun. clovered 18.10 C. at 11:15 A.M. Air bulb shaded 13.5° C. 1" above ground. Substrate (bulb not shaded) 17.6°C. Mark Lysett and I tagged 11 adult and subadult toads with Co60 pellets 11:45-2:15 P.M. Area lies between Ranger Station NE to the large deep pond 300 yards NE of station. Adults hard to locate. little calling which ceases when we walk over. Clear skies, cool
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Elkarslotten 1955 Bufo cerroto june 25 but typicall high winds. Tag strength checked. Lake had dried but scratches can be read? Toads had laid eggs practically on top of the lead extending out from the thermograph mechanism. 2:30 p.m. Eggs with hatching out larvae found in pool 40 x 50 feet, irregular, shallow, broken up by clumps of sedge. Spread over tiny gulds about one 4 feet on a side. Depth < 2 1/2", mixed silt and gravel bottom. Group 2" clear surface in deeper water at late renewal stage, others at edge hatching out. 1/2 C difference water temp. two places now at 2:30 p.m. About 30% mortality on eggs. Dead adult & new eggs. Side ripped open & entrails partially protruding. looks like attack by a bird. Dead 3-4 days at least. Reset and thermograph at 5:20 p.m. Bad temp. 20.8 C. or 69 F. Ill registering low at 64 F. so I reset. Note size of key necessary for clock, one I brought just too small. Sample of eggs & tadpoles taken from in front of station. Water depth 1 1/2" - 4' out from station a range of " = 1". Dense tadpole concentration just N of station over roughly over 3 x 5'. Total of 27 adult and subadult toads tagged with Collett 60 lead pellets. Toes clipped, size measured. slit made dorsal surface of skin above vertebral column to prevent deep cut over viscera. Pellet inserted and forced rather to distend body portion in rear sacrum. Eye scissors, forceps
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ELKordation 1955 Buffo Corvus June 25 used, not a strike technique although I put a match to scissors first time they were used. tools. Most tools were collected as they ducked into the openings of ground squirrel & microtus burrows. Rate of feeding is fast. No more than 4-5 different voles were heard calling, and their trails ceased abruptly as we moved into cover. Feeding a older subadults out feeding during after- noon. Less than 1/3 of all adults were actually in the water. Beckman model Beta-Gamma Geiger counter tried. We retrieved two tools known or sus- pacted to be in area 40 x 40 feet within 5 minutes. One was submerged in silt under water 3" deep; other was almost completely hidden in a microtus run. There is no appreciable "background" in this area. Tools injected with .015-.030 + milllicuries of Co60 were detectable at 5-6 feet distance. A promising technique if tools survive at least into a hibernator period! June 26 Elbert's Pass, 8730 ft., Alpine Co., Calif. 10:30 A.M. Small pool 10 x 30' 40 yards SE of summit marker. Adult G found dead in pool. Bird bloody as if smashed by some sharp rock. Length > 60 SV long - a very large G. Furages covered, dead many days. No signs of other adult this level area. Scattered dodgepole pine in vicinity. Snow patches up under
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Elkarstun 1955 Bufo canorus Jun 26 Trees cut deep on N-facing slopes. Mosquito larvae in the ponds. Ranunculus blooming abundant, corn lilies to 10" but not opened. Grasses to 6-8" green. Willows just leafing out. Air temp. 1° above boggy meadow 14.2°C. Bog temp. 1° below surface 14.0 °C. at 10:50 A.M. Sunny blue skies, moderate westerly wind. Much human litter & disturbance this local area but about melt ponds look good for canorus breeding. 2.4 mi. S of Highway 4 on Highland Lakes road 7800 ft., Alpine Co., Calif. 11:30 A.M. Tadpoles abundant in seepage ponds as Stevens described by Bob Livsey in Feb. 9, 1955 letter to me. Water temp. near bottom where water 3/4" deep 21.2°C. Air temp. 17.5°C. little shade, little breeze here. Sample of tola taken. Farthest developed have very small hind limbs, caddis-fly larvae present. Bottom of seepage pond rotted sedges & grasses overlain by reddish-brown loose silt. Toads scraping detritus, 2 visible green algal bloom. Tola in shallow water <1/2" deep at temp. 27.50°C. It must get well over 30°C. Late afternoon of warm day. Open meadow 100 x 95 yards with seepage flow westward from Bennett Valley. Lodgepole pine border to meadow. Some willows leafed out in boggy areas. Stonefrog frog available for breeding 40-50 yards square. Toads well scattered but still results of very watering. Sedges & grasses to 10-12" height, green lush meadows. Stoneplant 100 yards W of here. No adults out in open, and we
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EL Kadet 1955 Bufor coronus June 26 turreled numerous logs and dug many rodent burrows. Breeding must have taken place about 2 weeks ago. One yearling tad collected in grass near seepage pool. Pool described by hazy as less than 10" deep. Some toads at margin of cold deeper and most majority in sedge filled shoulder (1-2") 3/4 mile from gravel. 1:50 p.m. we continued our work to Highland Lake 2 1/2 mi S Elbert's Pass, 8000 ft, Colgan Cr., Colo. Dense concentration of tadpoles in seepage pockets in meadow. It looked as if I laid the eggs in these two depressions only 3' 4" 8-10" 3' the intervening and adjacent pockets have no larvae at all. Daylight (no x.) <2". Temp. 2:15 p.m. 29.2 C. 1" below surface. Tadpoles total length about 12-13 mm. Seepage flows over sedge and wild onion covered ground. Willows, corn lilies abundant. Willows have between depressions (cattle or horses) to 6-8" high. Toads in smaller depression must number close to 1000. Horses found at a half dozen localities in this area (250 yds. square) meadows but no eggs. Hatched out larvae are very close in size, varying from 10-18 mm. But that range can be found in one group. Average size of those seen down & 14 mm. which is rare 4-5 mm. smaller than expected.
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ELI Karlstein 1955 Buffo canyon June 26 note mean size of throe 2.4 miles S of Route 4. Promoti effect of algae grazing noted here. A heavy 3/4 to 1/2" mat of green (El-gn.?) filamentous algae covers sawgeze area 8x20'. Average water depth 3/4". Two concentrations of feeding toda at one corner have completely grazed off the algae over areas 3'x1' and 2x2'. In addition small patches of toda have found open holes in the algol mat. Water temp. see 1/2" below surface 27.8°C. here where toda congregated. 2:42 P.M. Air temp. bulls sided 11.5°C. 1" above wet log. moderate winds, almost totally clear sky. Yearling toda collected away semi-dry sedges. No adults taken. Highland Lake, 8500 ft., Alpine Co., Calif. NE end of lake along stream outlet. Air temp. 15.2°C. 3:15 P.M. Excellent sawgeze pool at stream from eastern slope and lake area. No egge or (2?) todgodes as yet. About a dozen adults collected mostly away willow clump near the stream. Yearling toda very abundant. Single taken ad preserved. Ad. ov in willow clump closed temp. 23.1°C. at 3:40 P.M. No males taken in pool. This is open country with apparently shallow soil. Scattered lodgepole and white- fir birke pine or best small stony providing SW and W winds. Toda occupying open windows over slight wolly gentle slopes to NE.
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Ernie WED. No sign of the Yosemite Road - other than the tadpoles - at Porcupine Flat between the hours of 10 A.M.-2 P.M. and 6:30 P.M.-9 P.M. on Wednesday. The weather was cloudy & looked like rain. Caught a "water snake" and some yellow- legged frogs (2) which later escaped via the untied top of my bag, Thamnophis THURS. No sign of the Yosemite Road at Jamsrock Flat or on Jamsrock Creek up to the highway. (Came) left to Souloume Meadows. Plenty of good looking food area, however. There are two loops - meadows - that look particularly favorable on the trail between Jamsrock Flat and Hetch- Hetchy (on the south side of the road.) One loop is 108 yds. S. on the trail (S. of the road) and the other is a quarter of a mile S. on the trail. Saw another "water snake" in the 2nd loop, and caught these 3 poor yellow- legged creatures in the 2 loops. The whole creek looks good - for fishing as well as for trails. Saw a clutch of 5 eggs of the Sierra junco - on the ground. Noticed a junco flying at some object on the ground, and investigated. It was this snake gorging himself on a fledgling (looked so that it had just hatched - no feathers,
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"1.5 inches long.) The whole operation from head of bird in mouth to disappearance of bird in snake's mouth took 6 minutes. This was at the sign "Porcupine Flat." Thanks for everything, Ernie. I feel that I've learned things that will broaden my outlook considerably. I don't if I will become a herpetologist, but I might at least be an speaking terms - intelligent - with the next one I get a ride with. Hank Lipsett ERNIE KARLSTROM
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EL Karlstrom 1958 June 29 July 1 Porcupine Flot, 8100 ft, Morgan Co., Coly. Mark Hjerselt remained in this area from Tuesday July 29 to Friday July 1 and made systematic searches for more toads. His note to me states that he found no signs of adult toads at Porcupine Flot Wed. 10 AM - 2 PM, 6:30 PM - 9 PM. Weather cloudy and looked like rain. He caught a "water snake" [Thamnophis] and 2 yellow-legged frogs. June 30 "No sign of Yosemite Toad at Tomarch Flot or Tomarch Creek up to the highway. Plenty of good- looking toad area, however. There are two large - meadows - that look particularly favorable on the trail between Tomarch Flot and Hetch-Hetchy (south side of road) one frog 100 yds. S on the trail (S. of road) and another ¼ mile S on the same trail. Yellow-legged frogs and one water snake collected. Whole creek looks good for fishing as well as for toads. Saw a clutch of 5 eggs of Scinia juncus on the ground, etc...... (see original sheet) I am confident there are probably no breeding toads in Tomarch Flot area or Mark would have found the toad. My search last summer yielded no evidence for Toads there. I still have to find the species below 7000 feet in the Sierra,
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EL Karleton 1455 Buffy coronas June 28 Tierra Base area, mm Ca, Gulf. 10:45 A.M. Truol recoy with geiger counter. One marked tool gotten (RF2) in pocket geyser burrow 20' N of rock in oven where first group of tools marked (T1-T6?). Picked up first at 5 foot distance within 5 minutes of searching. Cloud 17.6° C. At 10:55 A.M. Substitute in 3" deep burrow 11.5° C. This tool probably had been active on surface. Air temp. burrow recorded 19.8° C. Second tool recovered 3 minute later 30' N x NE same rock. Ad. F (LF4 RH4?) RH4 may be naturally missing. A wonderful method! Geiger tube used at .2 mR range for initial location from distance 4-5 feet. Switched to 2.0 mR range for detecting. Tool actually followed as it moved 3-4" below and among a system of pocket geyser (mice?) tunnels. Trapped her between two openings. Cloud temp 13.5° C. Burrow temps same. (RF2, LF2) on surface. Lucini almost looked shut. 20yds. E of rock. Worked over 10:45-12 noon but only upper '1/5th of total study area and concentrated 100± yards NE Entrance Station where T1-7 marked. Tracolor only instrument used. July 8 Same locality. I began systematic coverage of area about 100 yards NE Station at 8:40 A.M. I spotted an unmarked D with head just protruding from Thermoz burrow within 10 minutes of searching. It was unmarked but a concealed D (RF2) 20" away was detected strongly with Tracolor meter 8m away with my miphr today's. Scale was .2 and meter flooded up to
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Elkeldstern 1955 Buffer canorus July 8 1.6 MR/Hz. Directly over (3" above) trail I got 2.4 m/hr. Closed temp. sunshield trail was 9.2°c. at 8:50 a.m. Burrow temp. 8.6°c. Air temp. below shaded 13.8°c. 1" above opening. marked trail colder at 8.7°c. Burrow opening, 2" across and it communicates with other tunnel. Close took way have really come up to surface gain to daily average. So far no frogs observed out on graze or in water. Cross surface temp. in sunlight 15-16°c/ road temp. 1" below surface when 3" deep (pend 10 vs') 10.4°c. at 9:10 a.m. I marked the greater sunning site midway between two openings by placing on upright stick (marked A) they will toy one or later, 9:35 a.m. First sign of swarmed frogs, a @ closed 11.5°c. 4' E of rock(R). Other perched up from concealed position by guger tube. mosquitoes out and annoying since 8:45 a.m. bee on surface of yards ran N being closer when I arrived and light breeze. By 9:30 a.m. the biggest sting Tigger used dragon to whistle, 10:45 a.m. Kodachins #3 & #4 facing NE cover area where most tracks worked to date F9 at 1/2s'th. Taken from 40' ridge above meadow. Tigger like background of #3, #4 one toward E down the draw. 4x5 daylight camera #6 shot from 20' away on one shoulder facing NE x E across meadow. 17 & closure of canorus summer retreat near rock(R) Throwing a miniature scene in a hillside 14" tall
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ELKadethum 1955 Buffs caronus July 8 and 3' x 4' across. Bubbles adjacent one to 4" deep and 2-4 across, > found 8' away in middle placed in hole for shot in first nature looking fashion. F# at 1/100th. #5 Kodachrome on attempt of color coverage of olive from 3 1/2 feet. F# at 1/50th. Took novel. #6 at 3 feet same shot. Toads active on surface 11:15 A.M. & at stake C gazers to low drift armour. #10 Elmo-X weighted shot of geiger meter set above site where toad circled in gopher run. Toad 3" below gauge. F# at 1/100th. & tagged 6 more adult toads in sugar meadow area (F28-33). Check of weather station 12:15 P.M. Clock seem to have run since Jan 26th same it registers 11 A.M. Friday 02 of year. Temperature reading is accurate to 1° F. Sand # is lower. Depth 3-4' out from station is 1 1/4". Toddlers are large and dispersed. Air temp. 16.5° C. Buller shelled at 12:40 P.M. High winds continue but clear skies expect for a few light high cumulus clouds. Little green algae visible in pond. Toads are detritus feeding off plants and silt bottom. Silt is a tan color here, and the black lower stand out sharply. Sedges in pond A are to 12" height regularly spaced four miles apart part of meadow appears half green. Willows show about 1/3-1/2 full development of leaves. Snow patches visible 40 yards NE x E station still 20 x 60' and to 16" deep. No other snow in meadow area, but good-
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ELKartation 1955 Buffy cammis july 8 Tioya bass, 4920 ft., marr Co. zigged patches on lower Dora slope. 2 P.M. I made a quick check of Dora Meadows about 1/4 mile S south of Ranger Station. Toddeles present this area near some steps or smaller than those at pond A in study area. Max. water temp. where tods present was 28.2° C. Closed temp. of one od. & tood in 6-8" grass was 22.4° C. at 2:20 P.M. Adults and juveniles collected. The toods I recovered today showed all good signs of physical vigor, and the dorsal incisions had closed up - apparently healing over in good style. The dead tablets were retained either on the head or dorsolateral part of the tood's body. july 19 Tioya bass locality. 70% of sky cloud-covered of light strato-cumulus type at 11:00 A.M. Air temp. 23.5° C. Bullw shaded. Toods out and active, about 20 toged CO
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EL Kalstrom 1955 Buffy caroux July 20 Elbetto Pass Area, Alpine Co., Calif. Paul Elsner and I made a hurried check of butterfly locality and eggs at Highald Lake. Adults, gruvules and lower tohen. July 27 Twigy Pass weather station, 200 yds. NE Page Stat. No adults seen on surface between station and home at pond A. A cooler morning although sky perfectly clear. Moderate to light gusty breeze 9:15 a.m. Clouded chart on thermogrel. Medium working perfectly. Water temp. Quick recording thermomter 11.20°C. At 9:25 a.m. Thermogrel reads 53°F or within 10±C. Air temp. bulb shaded 12.10 C. Surface temp. of grass in sun 14.0°C. 1" of water where thermogrel lead is laid in silt, about 4' out from housing. Sedge green to 16" pond A. Whole meadow area entirely free of snow and almost entirely green this area. No mosquitoes bothering me this period of morning. Sample of tobs tohen pond A both alive and preserved. Toke now at edges of pond within 4-5' of margin.
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ELKoshim 1955 Bufo canorus July 27 where water depth generally < 2". Ecological separation to a degree of deeper out deeper middle waters. max. depth about 5", Tods are back HL to emergent stage. Reduced in numbers to about 1/4 (?) of original? tad population. Tods mostly mature - not feeding. note. Aug. 2 Tiger Pass study area. Chased themogzel clock 8:35 A.M. Water depth 3-4' out from station house still about 3/4 -1" above bottom, salt but pond level down to 4" within middle. Tad sample collected. Tad mature at 11-12° C. water. Adults just emerged on surface. a quick look but only two seen. one had body temp. 18.5° C. Air temp. 8:50 A.M. 19.5° C. Warm, quite still morning. About 75 yards NE of Boger Station I saw an adult in opening of a ground squirrel tunnel. It retreated, and I couldn't dig it out dry land. No snow left this last patch to melt at this locality for 2 weeks. Ground dry. She trods are still occupying upper drain area for nightly retreat. I read the Geyer counter. Saddle trip back into Vogelsang with Dena Coney with Charlie Gilmore and his wife Virginia. Left TwoLume Park Station 9:45 A.M. Arrived Vogelsang at 12:10 P.M. Hot day but cooler wind up at head of TwoLume Pass. From Fletcher Lake I hiked back up to height of story of Lake NW of Porous Peak. Elevation here 10,500 ft. A large scenic cirque at head of canyon with steep N and NE facing slopes. Told tadpoles found at
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Elkardston 1955 Bufor coronus Aug.2 Upper Fletcher Lake, 10,500 ft., Mariposa Co., Calif. next sege seen at extreme end of the bowl. Third legs have started to appear, take good-sized. Ram tads (this year and last) very abundant in deeper pools. Bufor and Ram larvae not found together. Water temp. where Bufor present 27.6° C. Air temp. bulb shaded 22.1° C. Clouds coming over from south over 1/3 of day by 2 P.M. High winds, possibly approaching storm. Adult tads not found. Larvae probably spread no more than 3-4 meters size in small area. Adult fryes very abundant. Aug.3 Bob Stebbins made brief check of Tierra Rosa area today. He reports emerging tads at study pond A as well as recovery of a Co60 tagged toad (see RCS Aug. 3 notes). Aug.7 Walk party at old mine's cabin above the upper Gaylen Lake, elevation 10,800 ft., Tuolumne Co. Calif. A few tadpoles seen shallow margin of west side middle Gaylen lake 6:50 A.M. No signs of adult tads active in area. Check of the upper Green Lake, 10,700 ft. made July 27 revealed a couple separate batches of larvae at yards adjacent to lake. These were in third leg developmental stage, possibly several weeks behind Tierra Rosa larvae. Again no tads found. Small lakes (or ponds) on east above upper Gaylen were barren of obvious life. Elevation line over 11,000 feet. Open, spread oars.
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Stebbins, R. 1955 Taken for E.L.Kalstone Bufo canorus 200 yds ENE Tiroga Checking Station, Yosemite Natl. Park, Mariposa Co., Calif. Aug. 3 Water of pond at weather station 27.7°C (at depth 1/2"); muck of bottom same temp.; time 12:30 p.m. Air 1/2" above black soil in sun (bulb shaded), 25.5°C; soil thoroughly wet. Soil (wet), 4 ft. from pond edge 30.0°C. Male toad found 107 ft. NW weather station; 75 ft. to WNW lodge-pole clump at NE side pond area; stream 15 ft. to E; toads were clipped - rt. for #3, left fore #2; rt. hind #4 (toads counted from inside out). Lucian on back as sketched; small elliptical opening, purplish in color & exuding lymph upon pressure. Pellet in groin area or left side not fixed in place; could be moved short distance antially(1/2" or so). Many recently transformed toads next to weather station; these were about 1/4" in using about folds of skin s-v. actual length of toad. Wild onion; willows to 3ft. high; sedge in pond to 6" high. Many Bufo & Rana tadpoles. Saw about 1/2 doz. transformed toads other than recently metamorphosed young. Two of these were about 3/4" s-v. (= grading Elk)
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Elkaddtman 1955 Buffo carnuz Aug. 9 Triga Baras study area. Bob Magell of Radiation Safety Lab at Berkeley brought me a new way sensitive scintillator (Corodin Aviation Cogniton) for trial on food recovery. We surveyed the study area beginning just NE of Ranger Station at 2:15 8.m. Light breeze, cool day, air temp. in 70's F. Foods active on surface. Three tagged animals recovered but none while underground. An animal on the surface could be detected for some 10 feet away with about 200-300 c.p.s. registered. Background was near 50 c.p.s. Bob covered the ground in an irregular manner, searching likely gazella were first. Temp. data on T-42 (RF - LF 2+4 RH _LH_) 2:30 8.m. Clouds 29.90 C. Air 23.80 C. Boulders shaded. Substrate just under surface 31.00 C. Animal had been digging about on dry-appearing grass surface. Slit on rock headed shut. The lead toilet headed left upper femoral position {6} but still slide freely beneath skin. Bob {11} got "slides" to 300 c.p.s. over a lone meadow mouse. I dug out a pocket gazella run which ran downward to 7 inches below meadow surface and along a granite boulder. I was unable to smooth the rock while probably was 2 feet in depth at least and measured 14x 20" across the top. Burrow probably too narrow (<1 1/2" some places) for a food. We excluded the boulder radioactive. This could be a real But did not test "hot" Oct. 22.
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EL Kaldstrom 1955 Bulbo corneuz Aug. 9 drawback to our study. Bolr dropped the probe about 3:30 P.M. and ended our search with the scintillometer. Only the upper 1/2 of study area had been searched and this not very thoroughly. The crystal in the package probably was dislodged, according to Mogill. The meadow soil was saturated with water a few inches below the surface. Although most of meadow surface is now dry, there still remains much moisture in the soil. Recovered frogs had not moved great distances, 3 more adult frogs were tree-clipped (only). Weather station checked. Still about 3/4" water 4' out from station. Emerged toads at pond edge but still lower in hollows. Samples collected. Aug. 10 Twigy Bass study over. Arrived 8:45 A.M. Paul Elkins uncovered a hole under a 6' long piece of log. Covered temp. 9.2° C. Toad cold and sluggish but able to hop when released. Air temp. under log 10.0° C. Bull shodled. A second ad. > found near other end of log - both 85 yrs. NE of Ranger Station. Three frogs tagged with berrin dose Co60 tablets between 8:50 - 9:45 A.M. (see working sheets 167-29) Removed Toy water throughout from pond A. Present water temp. 10 A.M. 9.9° C. Air beside pond 13.5° C. No toad lower left in pond but a few hundred tree-frog lower (at the most) Samples
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EL Karlstrom 1955 Buffer corner Aug. 30 of emerged toads collected at edge of pond by David Dorrenfeldt & Paul Ellis, assistants for today. Water level same pond A. Good seepage flow continues. Sedges in pond to 16" height; fruiting structures drying out. 10:30 A.M. Two more adults worked - one with a tablet containing 3 large stinger C<sup>60</sup> soln. (tablet #3 one side /# other - refer to tablet both sheet). T71 worked by cloe-toggling but no C<sup>60</sup> tablets left. Meadow becoming drier and brownish, but water still flowing slightly in rivulet. Simple gentian in full bloom border of pond A. A buckwheat & small composites drying out. Monmouth Park to south has one good-sized group (ice) toadlets on N- forcing slope. Otherwise, the high country is mostly lone of snow, and the streams as Dana Fork are low. 18 toads marked today (T67-T84) and recovering of about four previously tagged. Geiger counter still not available for use as geiger tube in pond being replaced. The toads had recently emerged this morning dry 8:45 A.M. Clear sunny skies, moderate winds (for Ross area) which picked up after 9:30 A.M. Toads very active in grasses and sedges by early afternoon. Ad. #> at 1:15 P.M. (T84) 25 yards W weather station door at 26.8°C. Air 27.2°C.) tall grasses, toad tagging on surface. Favorred site for adults in edge of pond among sedges if there is ready access to ad away from water.
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IL Kordatum 1985 Buffo canorus Aug.30 Tioga Pass -- but not where banks are high. Escape pattern often is for tried to swim out in water, sometimes diving down to bottom like a Rana. However, Buffo does not go far out into pond or do the frogs. 2:15 P.M. check of Dora meadow about 1/2 mi. S of Bergen Station. Adult o's ad f is collected. Few dyla, many Rana larvae in yards but no Buffo. 2:40 P.M. Brief check of a small lake on east side of road about 3-4 miles south of Bergen Station. 2 adult -> canorus only anura seen except for some emerged dyla. Toads found under logs but warm and active when handled. Conversation with Don Mullally at Tioga Pass. He is now curator at San Mateo Marin Museum but finishing up M.S. on Pleistocene distribution at U.C.L.A. He reported finding no canorus at Tuolumne meadows this trip. Suggested California altitude record for B. boreas down? in southern California near San Joaquin -- to over 9000 feet. This I suspected but lack the locality record. Don suggests east slope of Sierra as more likely area for sympatry canorus and boreas. This I have suspected, too, but field work yet doesn't support idea. He claims never to have found a truly dryland boreas at any altitude -- breeding belowin exogated.
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EL Karleton 1955 Bufo canorus Aug. 30 Recognized T-35 (RF3 LF2 RH4-) at 1:35 P.M. this ad. -> return 3 times previous. I couldn't locate the Co60 tablet anywhere under skin. Could be up under parotoid gland. Food taken back to Valley for observation and testing with geiger counter when available. Sept. 1 Re-examination of T-35 toad showed parotoid blocking view of Co60 tablet underneath. Tablet well embedded up under left gland. Toad in fine shape from external appearance. Sept. 2 ELK # 818 ad. -> 49.9 mm., LT 4.7 mm. x 3.0 yellow. B.O. (left.) 2.8 mm. x 2.0 mm. RT about same - not preserved. Sept. 6 Barbara Rosenfeld of Berkeley reported canorus localities to me at Yosemite museum. The snow ponds filled with tiny (1/4"+) very black toadsads at Parker Pass, 11,000 ft., Mono Co. Calif. I showed her preserved larvae of similar age and she seemed positive in identification. This locality is the highest breeding site I have recorded. Date was Sept. 3, 1955 which means toads could have bred here at as late as August. Snow patches remained on side slopes above the ponds, very windy lee - a NE facing slope near the site. Might these toad overwinter? Rana (5) On Aug. 28th she observed larger larvae at ponds NE of Toulaley Lake, 10,500 ft. Vogelsong area. Late emergence for these toads.
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Elkarleton Oct 1955 Bulfo caroux Oct.8 Study area NE Tinja Pass Ranger Station. Arrived here 9:10 A.M. (Po. Std. Time) Brisk drizzle at pass but sky almost totally clear. Present reading max-min thermometer at Entrance Station (moved from entranceway by Refferty and Ekblut) was 48° F. Water from permanent spring seep at upper SW end of study area frozen at edges but flowing. Frost line down about 3/4" in surface soil in moist low areas central part of the draw. Ground temp. 1/4" below surface (from drill) 0.2°C. Saturated soil below 2" below soil surface 1.6°C. Same 8" below soil surface 3.2°C. Fresh cuts made with spade and quick-see thermometer thrust into soil 3/4". Three of us worked the study area 9:30-12:00 N using a scintillometer and 2 geiger counters starting at station end of area. Results negative in tools. Several "hot spots" found various places in meadow. Jerry Robinson and I dug up an area where the soil itself registered some activity but no tools around. It seems fairly obvious that there is radioactive materials in meteorpheric rocks and fragmanta, possibly worked out into the soil. Only 2 juvenile (young of year) tree-frogs encountered all moving those along rivulet banks. Some surface melt of the frozen top soil by 11 A.M. under full sunlight on surface but shaded margins of still water retained surface ice. Entire meadow was golden brown. The willow leaves have turned and are dropping. Water flows from spring upper middle part of area.
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Elkaddatum 1955 Buffer corona Oct. 8 Twiggs base - in steady rd bottom area of meadows saturated. However, in spite of thin and scattered snow patches (to 20' width) on north facing slopes, the ridges are very dry. Turning over logs yielded dry sandy soil only. - Donny Rafferty at Twiggs Base reported seeing adult corona active in Saddleboy Canyon (leading into the Lake) last week (last 30) at 9:30-10:00 A.M. Not seen vicinity of Twiggs Entrance Station but Donny claims he hasn't been really searching. Continued search with counters 1:10 - 2:15 P.M. Special emphasis on dry slopes surrounding Bad A. at 2:15. Bill Hamilton found a real hot spot along flowing rivulet yards W x NW of Station. Normal background on both geiger counters 0.08 m/m. (0.4 x 0.2 m/m.) Spot registered 0.2 m/m. or off dial set at x 0.2. We figured we had a tool but digging resulted in nothing but loose guts of "hot sand." Layer was fragment + small double negatives. Sad state of affairs! Second hot spot 65 yards NW of Station. Three metamorphosed jaws, found in hole up under banks. We dug sod out without finding adult. Again a small portion of the sod checked out hot. Sample collected. Normal background in this area 20-30 c.p.s. (scintillometer) Hot piece of sod registered 3800-4100 c.p.s. With Traverse counter I got 40 m/m. (.5 x 20.) We followed out two of these blind leads, and Robinson found a third with scintillometer. By
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EL Kardatum 1955 Buffo corvuz Oct.8 Turiga Pass - 3 p.m., the temperature began to drop considerably and wind picked up somewhat. Air temp. 15.20 C. 3:15 p.m. 2" above dry grassy area near Ford A. Bill Hamilton Kudochumes #7 [illegible] the [illegible] modern Herpetologist in quest of radioactive toads. #8 & #9 of Kardatum Complete Collector. Voightlander #8 and #9 Use of gaging counter along ditch. 1/100th F12 1/50th F9 - we goofed and used Kudochume reading. The sun disappeared behind ridge (above Gayler lakes) about 4:30 p.m. Immediate cooling effect. I checked out yard at NEXE margin of study area, no signs of toads but one juvenile Hydra scored my margin yard. The only adult corvuz found during 18 man-hours of work in study area was an adult @ T 71 locking a Co60 toy. Jerry Robinson disturbed it at margin of ditch 1' depth and toad swam out into open. Observed 2:20 p.m. 10.2°C., water 1" below surface where 2" deep, moving slowly, 9.8°C. Air 13.9°C. Bulbs shaded. Location 51 yards WxNW of Stotain (weather) which means a movement of 26 yards to NW from position Aug. 30. Maximum-min. air readings taken at Turiga Pass station were recorded. I moved a regular wall thermometer to position near autoway to station. This done so a check can be made between readings new door way (possibly warmer)
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El Karstam 1955 Buffer cones Oct. 8 and the first out on the porch Eckhart survived to correlate the readings for me. On Sept. 2'3 the position of max-min thermometer was changed. Unfortunately Bergen Carter placed it in sunlight. Moffaty made the switch to shaded side of front. The porch readings gotten at the Station will probably average several degrees higher than a "true ground temperature" but general changes will correlate. The search for tagged tools proved unsuccessful. Beckman beta-gamma counter (no er phone), Trivedol gauge counter, and Scintillometer all used. My tools had picked up some radioactivity apparently when I made my trip. The highly sensitive scintillometer picked it up from me, rendering the use of the more sensitive ranges useless. David Robinson used the same counter with better success in the afternoon. The "hot spots" of soil offer some difficulties but those can be followed out and the site eliminated as a tool retreat. The big question is how far and how deep the tools range in their fold movements. Another attempt with the instruments may yet yield results. Oct. 22 Trega Pass. Arrived 9:45 A.M. Manual sets made behind station and along swirlet in study area. Checks made 2 geiger counters, 1 scintillometer covering area F pad A. Air temp. 7.8°C. (6.2) 2" about ground. Soil temp. 2" below surface (worst) 2.5°C. 10:10 A.M.
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ELKahstun 1955 Bifur Caurus Oct. 22 Tioga Pass - 11:10 A.M. Jim Anderson got a hot spot with Tricalor 40 yards N of tree (t). First reading about 170-180 c.p.m. but we get a maximum at a few spots ran soil surface of ~200 c.p.m. I get about 50 c.p.s. with scintillometer which probably picks up the dirt radioactivity from greater area. Microtues burrow led in under shallow bank 3" below meager grass sod surface. Ran lock about 14 inches before diverging into several surface tunnels. young-of-year toads (3) found in the same about 3" below surface. Animal sluggish but could move. Soil just at saturation point or water could be squeezed from it. toaddlets here surface runs opening Not to scale. 6' all sedge area, Sedges to 16". divide varying 2-3" surface level N running water. Ditch 10" deep air temp. in subsoil run about 2" below surface 3.2°C. Ground surface temp. (b.s.) 9.6°C. at 11:23. Warm sun has been elevating surface temps, probably for several hours but burrow temp. may be similar to minimum of last night. The juveniles may not move for this under to search feel to find retreat. Burbs of breeding scintillate ad pools are
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ELKadatum 1955 Bufo canorus Oct. 22 charged with what looks or openings among roots. are those permanent winter retreats for young? If so, why shouldn't adults hibernate in similar places? Anderson, Heinsohn, and I continued a fairly thorough search from area 40 yards N of tree X up the draw in a SW direction. A few worm casts but digging revealed either no burrow ad/or no toads. The surface water is frozen on the SE side of the rimlet especially at edge of depressions (cinks) which are slotted due to a N-firing effusion. Subsurface moisture is available in this area (much resulting from crows of this past weeks). Burns and the 3 of us spent 1 1/2 hours following out what proved to be a blind lead. At about old station
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EL Karstom 1955 Bufo coronus Oct. 22 re-testing and digging until we hit the level 16" below the surface of the meadow. Use a shovel full of loam and root structure tested >1200 c.p.s., with Geiger counter. The hole we had dug tested definitely negative (the normal background of 30-40 c.p.s.) The first shovel load was subdivided into 5-6 sub-samples. One small tangle of roots were "hot" - all others negative, but we could see no tablet so questioningly wondered if this was another example of selective absorption by roots of a radioactive element. Later Jim Anderson shot a mountain wessel with a .22 shot rifle, wounded it, and we began to dig up the granite slabs in ground where last tablet found. The radioactive dirt had been written off as a damnable puzzle. 3:20 P.M. I decided to try the dirt samples once more. This time I got it down to a few spoonful of dirt - and the radioactive slug (not numbered - probably one of first I used) was found lying on the granite boulder where the sub-samples had been laid. Soil saturated with water from point 2" below surface to 18" depth. Congeation is wet loam soil tangled with roots of sedge or swamp prim to a depth of approximately 18-20". At this point we struck a large angular boulder which would be impossible to move. While struggling to capture the injured wessel we were able to peer down a good 20" by prying a large granite to our side. It was sopping wet indicating that the water table
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Elkardston 1955 Buffo cornus Oct. 22 could not be too much lower . the running rivulet lies 25 yards S of this spot nd is only about a foot below the surface here . A high water table over much of this meadow surface could limit the truds to upper levels if they hibernate_ in the meadow area . Fresh cut wood edge of hole nd temps. taken [illegible] thermomter . 7:15 P.M. Surface temp 6.1° C. -2' 8.6° C. "sod line" -4" 4.2° C. -6" 5.5° C -12" 5.5° C. -16" 5.6° C. Sun went behind ridge at 3:55 P.M. Immediately the area chilled . Air large . At 4:16 P.M. 2.8° C. it's down chilly so I made this !! 4:30 Cratter hot spot found 4 feet N x N/E of quirt . Biggest surface count 558 c.g.s. This accounts for origina 2 hot spots I got earlier today. Quiet writing at above point and [illegible] began digging with pick and shovel at edge of the worm spot . tested high here. sod & rock fragments I was only able to dig down through root and soil about 8 inches before encountering the surface of the down-sloping large granite
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El Karlstrom 1955 Buffo canorus Oct. 22 rock (B). Continued testing of all material dug up showed negative response with scintillometer. However, the high count (>550 c.p.s.) stayed above the V-shaped cleft formed by rocks A and B. Four of us had previously tried to lift rock A out without success. We did move it enough to peer under one edge when looking for the least weasel. My guess is that the food and/or pellet are below the edge of very large rock B. It was impossible to dig farther in this local area. The extent in depth of rock B underground. Weasels, microtus (most materials found under one 4 foot square granite slab) and other residents probably have made tunnels and runways under this pile of gigantic slabs. There are shrinkage places where the soil would pull away from the rock would offer good food retreats. There were no burrows or such where the C60 slug was dug up, but rock fragments were present. I suspect Buffo may do considerably more actual digging and enlarging of holes than commonly thought. It is hard to account for the slug being in such compact soil- root tangle on any other basis. But why pellet only found? There was no sign of a dead food, skin, etc. It seems unlikely that any predator carried the slug there.
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Amphibians miscellaneous
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EL Karlston 1955 Batracherys alternatus June 9 Summit Meadow, 8100 ft., Kings Canyon Natl. Park, Fresno Co., Calif. Highest part of the meadow to left (NW) side of trail from Horse Corral meadow. 10:15 A.M. While turning loop at margin of meadow I found a single adult inside a rotted lodgepole pine (?) log 4'x 14". Area here in deep shade from tall canopy of mixed lodgepole pine and red fir. Pieces of rotted log lie in dense duff of rotted wood pines fir needles and some soil. Trap. where salamander dug 10.2° C. at 10:20 A.M. Air temp. 1" above dense duff 15.4°C (dense shade). A boggy Canadian zone meadow 75-100 yards wide, 300-400 yards long irregular in slope but extending roughly N+S by my compass. A small rivulet flows across than the meadow, nonifying in many places. Hydra adults taken. Rana muscosa adults and yearling tadpoles abundant. No signs of Bufo tods although Corral meadows 2½ mi. SE of here has Calij. toads in it. Sedges and gorses to 15" height. Also some juniper which like sedges have herds developed. Veronica demont willflower now in bloom. Lodgepole pine & fir reach max. height 50-100 ft. Rotted log & duff saturated so water can be squeezed out with fingers. Associated forms: centipede, beetle, 2 species of ants, spiders, millipedes (sample taken and preserved). Meadow clear of snow with small remnant patches are under the trees. Search out in boggy meadow and margin opposite one just searched revealed no more animals.
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EL Kardatum 1955 Hydromantes brunneus Feb. 17 2 mi. S of Bruceling, 1900 feet, Mariposa Co., Calif. 9:15 A.M. Dick Russell collected first Hydro. taken this locality, thus extending known range 3 miles southward from Joe Cornice type locality (0.7 mi. NE Bruceling). Small creek cascades down 30-40° NE facing slope here. Area has been "controlled"-burned and appears baldly scarred. Interestingly enough, the Hydro must have been ranging out from the stream since it was found about 20 yards away from the boulder-stream drain, under a rock in the burned-off area. Stebbins got one more Hydro closer to the stream edge in moist rock-to-rock situation. Air temp. here 100 C. Good seepage on slope. Bruceling, 1500 feet, Mariposa Co., Calif. 10:15 A.M. Salamander-collecting conditions fine. Hydromantes also taken here but in numbers (total 13) along with Oureides and Batrachryges. Found under wet cottons, boards, pieces of spruce in litter heaps, rocks. Amazingly (for Hydram.) easy to collect. I took a pair of adults under a flat piece of thin 16" x 28", the ♂ > 8 inches from the ♀. See Stebbins' notes for temperatures. Recent rains have ground area moist. Sky overcast during our collecting. One young Diadoghis collected from under a board. Base of Cathedral Rocks, 4150 feet, Y.N.P., Mariposa
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EL Kalatsum 1955 Hydromantes Feb. 17 - Co., Calif. Search made here for platycephalus but no luck. Patchy snow under fir and pine on this south slope. Heavy patches at immediate base of rock faces. Eucroa taken. Plenty of seep from melting snow but no Hydros. Stebbins collected 2 April 1954 at this very site. April 13 Buelburg, Mono Co., Calif. A quick check here at 5:15 P.M. Too dry for salamanders. Ground under litter is almost bone dry. We had hit it right in February. April 26 Same locality. Recent rains have left slope soaked with moisture, although surface is drying out 2 P.M. today. However, it was damp enough under some slabs of slate for Onedes (4) + Batrachoseps. Dirt yielded water when compressed between fingers. John and Sarah Burns also were turning stones & litter. No Hydromantes during one hour search. Euceces gillberti (2), one Diadophis also taken. Taricha trapped in cistern, alive. A quick search along roadside about 3 miles east of Buelburg revealed nothing but a single juvenile Taricha. Cold seep water dripping off ledges to form puddles along Hwy 140. Slate rubble saturated. Conditions appear ideal for Hydromantes if to be found along road. None taken. Possibly too dry later in spring & summer.
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EL Karlstun 1955 Ensatia eschochtyzi Feb. 17 2 mi S of Bridlung, 1500 ft., moryisa Co., Calij. Common had been first to take xanthoetria here. Stebbins secured another today. Russell and Stebbins also took Hydrornetes browni here on 30-40° NE-facing slope. Bridlung, 1500 feet, moryisa Co., Calij. I took a single juvenil inside the opening of an old mine shaft under a small rock. Quentin S Fork merged with Merced River 1600 feet, moryisa Co., Calij. Stebbins got another xanthoetria here. Bose Cathedral Rocks, 4150 feet, Y.N.P., moryisa Co., Calij. 7 platensis collected on snow-patched S slopes of Valley. Pair of juveniles. March 19 6 miles N Rockport on Hwy 1, maderio Co. Calij. 3 P.M. Redwood forest, due an old slide area for tinder on 50° slope. Heavy deer slode, much downed rotted logs and broke. Oreides foveus collected in rotted wood or under broke. One adult Ensatia some situation, a second under rotting redwood broke. Juvenil Oreides foveus and A. lugubris taken. One Ensatia had a bright blotched E.E. picta like tail; other more duller orange.
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EL Karlston 1955 Ensatina eschscholtzii May 19 2 mi. NE Chinguaczin, 7050 ft., Y.N.P. Mariposa Cr., Cal. Adult found in rotted red fir log just under 4" thick bark. Chorcol temp. 10.2° C. at 10:31 A.M. Temp. of rotted wood 6.8° C. with bulbs slaved in it. The NE side of extensive meadow is now partially shaded with about 25% of sunlight filtering through canopy of towering (150') red firs. Typical Carodim zone, fairly open meadow bordering Grance Creek. Meadow winding, about 80-100 yards across and extending general SE direction for over 300 yards. Air temp. 2" above rotted log (bulbs shaded) 13.2° C. at (about 4" thick) 10:36 A.M. Tree so rotten it is almost leveled to meadow soil. Meadow half devoid of snow. What's left is only 14-16" deep (maximum) and melting fast. Running stream 30 yards SW of this spot. Over-writing Rana cuculosa tadpo in it. Meadow brown, either matted grasses or fine soil shot through with mole voords, micrato burrow casts, all fresh. Insect life abundant on dry rotted log (moisture readily squeezed from greeny wood) - centipeds, ants, beetles, millipedes. Second adult found 10:48 A.M. 40 feet from first in deeper shaded section of log 20' from NE meadow margin. 3" thick Total length of rotted log 55-100 feet. Underside of bark right on top of log. Decomposed wood and wood fragments saturated with moisture. Chorcol 5.4° C. 10:55 A.M. Substrate 5.1° C. Air (shaded deeply here) 2" above wet log 12.6° C. Animal slugghish but righted itself. 3rd between first two again under slab of bark. Chorcol 6.8° C. 11:10 A.M. Substrate 6.2° C. Air 13.1° C.
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ELKadatum 1955 Eratia eschscholtzi May 19 2 mi NE Chiqueria, 7050 ft., Y.N.P., Monzera Co., Calif. - fully sloped but 50% sunlight filtering through trees. 11:20 A.M. I took a Kodachrome shot #17 facing W across the meadow with large yielding salomades in foreground. F 9 at 1/50th. Noted vegetation on way out. Some sparse new growth of groser (sedge?) to 2" in meadow. What appear to be unfolding spikes of corn lily (Veratrum) or the 4" in soggy open area in meadow. Quaking aspen from groves in meadow, are just budding. Conifers include sugar pines, red fir mostly.
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EL Kardestum 1955 Taricha (torosa) survey Feb. 17 2 mi. S Briceburg, 1900 feet, Morgan Co., Coly. D.O.R.'s and few live adults first encountered near top of Briceburg Grade. Cloacal temp. adult ? on damp pavement 9.1° C. at 8:45 A.M. Air temp. 2" above pavement 9.50° C. Another ? found in service 2 feet from edge of Bear Creek leading toward the creek. It's cloacal 9.20° C. Sky overcast trace of a drizzle. While searching for Hydromantes (40 yards, " of road) I came on a pool 12 x 8 x 18" deep formed by cascading tributary of (Bear Creek) entering from west. Slope 30-40° facing NE. 3 adult ? taken from pool and 3 others (apparent to be ?/2) out of reach. Water temp. 2" below surface 7.9° C. Air temp 9:30 A.M. 10.80° C. over large vegetation. Moss-covered tall (to 30') boulders rim upper half of pool. "Controlled" burning for darkened west of the slope on this side of the canyon but much vegetation (especially bordering creek) still persists. Vegetation types, blue-eye, interior live oak, pepperwood, deer brush. Hydromantes (2) collected here. Also Oreides. Common previously has taken Ensatina & Xantlogena at this site. Continuing down Hwy. 140 we counted 46 D.O.R. Taricha over 1.6 speedometer miles. Pairs of last few days must account for abundance. More encountered Briceburg and Big Merced canyon but no accurate census taken.
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EL Karatam 1954 Hyla regilla Jan. 10 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Civic Center, Richmond Cantia Costa Co., Calif. First check of this pond area along S.R. tracks (see Bufo notes for description of area). At 4:30 P.M. the weather overcast, cool, air temp. above dange grass 11.0°C., water temp. 1" below surface 11.5°C. Recent rains have swollen ponds adjacent to railroad bed. Few male Hyla calling intermittently but no general chorus. No eggs seen in ponds. Feb. 1 night check of same locality. A raucous Hyla chorus from all ponds and smaller pools in area. Rains since Jan. 10th have increased size of ponds, probably 6" rise water level and 10+ yards more width. A half dozen egg clusters collected at one end of pond W side of N-S running tracks (just S of small manufacturing plant). One pair taken in complexus, only 2 females collected. Eggs early cleavage. Breeding of Hyla just getting started. Cold, clear night. Air temp. 7:35 P.M. 8.2° at 2" above water. Air temp. over dry grass surface 5.8°C. Water temp. 9.8°C. Noted curious case of a male adult Hyla "inflated" subcutaneously and actually floating on water surface (see sketch). It was helpless when rolled over on rock but
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Ilyla regilla EL Kalatunum 1954 Feb. 1 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. civic center could slowly swim in normal position over surface. Inflated Infl. skin side view x 1 front view x 1 the entire skin area is puffed out over the palms and digits. Eyes appear normal as is rest of skin generally. Feb. 2 kept above animal in jar overnight at cool = 50° F. temperatures, ½" water in bottom of jar. Animal in same condition today. 10 A.M. I tested the inflated skin to determine whether air or fluid present. Withdraw air only from ventral region. Both air and clear watery fluid present dorsally but mostly air. Animal hopped and jumped normally but within minutes began to inflate again. Placed in cold room 10:15 A.M.
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ELKadstern 1955 Hyla regilla Feb. 11 Checked Hyla collected Feb. 1 and kept in cold room. "Inflated ->" oxygen normal and healthy with no sign of former condition. Jim Anderson stated that animal was still partially inflated Feb. 8 but not as much as noted Feb. 2. Feb. 10 Richmond Locality again, no Hyla chorus 2-4:30 p.m. mild, sunny afternoon with moderate to brisk NW breeze. 3 subadult (?) molos collected under a concrete slab N end of large pool. I did then a few low "dr-a-r-ocka" from pozetina 20 yards or so from water. Additional egg clusters seen. One cluster had larvae in tail bud stage, active muscular contractions, and close to hatching. No tods free-swimming yet. Feb 15 Same locality. Egg clusters numerous. In Pond A (see Bufos notes) I found a few recently hatched tadpoles but only at one small area of pond. Collected 8-9:30 p.m. clear sky, moderate breeze, cool. Heavy chorus of Hyla continues. March 23 Same locality. Hyla chorusing 8-9:15 p.m. but few egg clusters noted. Maximum size of tods from Pond A (see Bufos notes) about 25 mm. Body 10-11 mm, tail 14-15. A dead cat in Pond B (there at least two weeks) had many Hyla tods on its surface. One may have been feeding or exposed, decomposed flesh.
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ELKardatum 1985 Hyla regilla April 12 1/2 mi. S of Court. Center, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley Calif. Adult female collected 4:30 P.M. in wet grasses about 2 feet from a shallow pool. Direct temp. 13.8° C., substrate the same. Air temp. (bulb shielded) 2" above wet substrate was 14.2° C. She spawned out but no sign of eggs in the pool 10 x 1/5 feet by 2-3 " deep. Deeper water lies to the west of here - toward the Superintendent's house. Check later. El Capitan meadow, 3500 feet, Yosemite Valley Calif. 5:25 P.M. The pond here is just over 1/2 the size it was last year at this time. It now measures 40 x 60 feet, is 2 feet deep in middle and heavily choked with dead and dying vegetation. Hyla heard calling or I ignored. Numerous egg clusters. Most tadpoles were just hatching out but I didn't see many free-swimming toads. April 26 Stevenson Meadow and Sentinel meadow 9:30 P.M. Hyla (2013) at melt stream former meadow. Many chorusing at Sentinel meadow where considerable more water exposed, Snow to 10-12 inches depth both sites. Air temp. 1" above snow -0.4° C. at 9:42 P.M. Water temp. 1" below surface where a foot deep 2.9° C. Crazy mixed-up Hyla don't know when to call it quits!
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Elkardatum 1955 Idyla regilla May 18 Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Idyla chorus still strong evening and at night in the valley. Today seen at Bentical Meadow, few, not yet worked full hind leg development. At Stonerock Meadow 10:15-11:00 P.M. about ten adults, both ♂ & ♀ out on dirt path and among dry leaf litter. There is a scarcity of suitable breeding pools this locality. My impression is that Idyla got a late start (low water table) breeding this spring due to dryness of valley prior to May. May 19 Ahwahnee Meadow, 4000 ft. Yosemite Valley. Dramatic example of effect of light (and temp?) on breeding ♂'s. I was working around study ponds in this meadow at 5-7 P.M. Little or no chorus until shadows descended over area at 6:15, instantaneous chorus of about a dozen males which either moved to stations in pond or had been set there. I listened for similar effects on any frogs in vicinity but only Idyla heard. Idyla males may be heard calling any time of day but usually only from concealed positions in grass or under objects. Aug 30
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E.L. Karlston 1955 Rana muscosa April 13 3 mi E XNE Chiquapin, 7500 ft., (meadow SE side road) Mariposa Co., Calif. 3 P.M. Adult frogs active in icy stream flow along margin of snow brakes in meadow. They swam to bottom of pools in stream and quickly buried themselves in the mud. Water temp. (flowing) 1.9° C in one pool containing 3-4 frogs. No sign of eggs. Snow covers nearly all of open meadow, to maximum depth about 2 feet. May 19 Same locality. Adults collected in small stream. Snow 2/3 off meadow. One pair in Angeles. Water temp. 6° C. at 2:15 P.M. No eggs seen. Most tried to escape by burying themselves in silt of bottom. Chose deeper pools, slower moving water. June 5 More meadow, 7150 ft., Y.N.P., Mariposa Co., Calif. A dozen or so taken from stream course meandering thru the meadow. Thamnophis elegans adult found with a large frog recently swallowed. No eggs seen. June 7 Kaiser Beck Meadows, 8000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. 10:45 A.M. Frogs abundant, mostly in silt holes or deeper stream courses. Eggs (2 clusters) in moving water 18.6° C. at 10:45 A.M. Air (shaded) 19.8° C. Clusters approx. 2 x 4" oval shaped. Eggs appear undewed or only dewaxed stage. Depth 6", flow 20" across, water moving 1 ft 2-3 seconds. Eggs collected.
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Reptiles
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Chrysemys picta July 23 circledotin data on adult & captured early June by Marshall "Buck" Evans near Hatchery Dam. Turtle in aquarium out on rock porch of Yavate museum. Dark Water saw no eggs at 8 A.M. new Giantoli saw first at 8:40 A.M. Between 9:00 and 9:05 the second was laid. Fifth egg came at 9:25 A.M. 3rd & 4th about 5-10 minute intervals. There was a small amount of water in bottom of aquarium. New added some soil but she laid directly in the shallow (<1 cm) muddy water. Mary & Bill Word got photos 35 mm. with strobe as & laid number 5. About 15 secs. prior to gigance of # 5 the hind legs were drawn forward and under her. The cloacal opening was about 3/4" above the aquarium bottom as egg extruded. motion of egg steady and gradual. Slow movement of tail to side did push the egg slightly, but there apparently was no attempt to manipulate eggs with her hind legs. She did not move forward or back after ovipositing. Head forward & elevated 30° during laying out. At 9:53 A.M. the tail was slowly moved away in an arc from her body where it had been pressed for last 10-15 min.
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EL Kadstun 1955 Damaya marrota July 23 A.M. 9:54 4 slight bobbing movement of hind legs resulted in elevation tail end < 1 cm. during 6-8 second period. RH leg extended poster-lateral at 9:56 A.M. 10:01 2 more bobbing movements by raising hind legs. 10:06 Raised eye over 1 cm. by drawing legs under her. As before, freeze kept still. 10:07 a second convulsing of whole cloaca region with abdomen slightly depressed. Lateral expansion 1 cm. each side of cloaca region. Tail now almost pointing directly posterior. Hind legs symmetrically placed, tips of claws 3 cm. out from edge of copse. 10:12 head raised whole region depressed. Elevated on all fours, cloaca pulled back, swollen laterally. First movements were lateral rocking movements. Head raised or alternately retracted during shivering movements. Egg came 10:15 A.M. while I was raised a full 2+ cm. above floor of aquarium. Tail straight back and slightly elevated. More Kodak news. She pushed tail to one side forcing egg slightly to the right and settled down with tail and hind end almost covering the egg. I was active 2 min. after egg laid and tried to walk away. I returned to museum pool aquarium minus her 5 eggs. A sixth laid prior to 11:35 A.M. when news reported it.
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EL Karstam 1955 clannye marmorata july 24 Size of eggs as measured warner coliger. # 1 35.0 20.7 2 35.9 20.2 Color on offside white 3 38.9 19.8 (tinged gray). Shade long oval 4 36.4 19.9 nearly symmetrical. When 5 35.1 20.7 held to light the yolk oxygen 6 37.5 20.4 as a zerrng ring > 1 cm 7 35.2 19.6 wide situated medially. no Total. 254.0 141.3 obvious germ spot visible. x L = 36.28 mm. Eggs are hard like a hard x W = 20.19 mm. hen's egg. no give when pressure gently applied with finger. Eggs have been in warm room since 10:45 A.M. yesterday where average temp about 25° C. It is now 26-27° at 12:10 P.M. today. Eggs transferred to a cut-down from tin from a small aquarium. Tin 9½" long, 6½" wide, 2½" deep., oval nd 25-30 nail holes punched in bottom for drainage. Eggs taken to Cave 19 for care there. A maximum- minimum thermometer kept in tank. 60 W bulb in student goose-neck desk lamp turned on about nightly and placed 8-10 inches above top of soil. Eggs just buried under soil surface. Pan removed to sunlight at irregular intervals. Aug. 17 Check under light of all eggs. one has dark disc-like structure which moved when egg rotated. All others showed only the zerrny yellowish-orange yolk with no distinct germ spot.
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El Kabston 1955 Chelydra serpentina Aug. 27 Phone conversation with "Buck" Evans at Matter District Ranger Station. He reports seeing pond turtles the size of SO+ pieces with soft flexible shells in ponds at end of May or first part of June near Hatchy Dam, elevation about 3700 feet, Tulare Co., Calif. This may be a clue that the turtle eggs over-winter either after being laid in fall or female retains them too until early spring. Fact that Myrtle, the Fertile Turtle (female under study) laid eggs in July suggests summer or fall laying. Stallbreis 1954:171 reports April-August laying for species. Sept. 11 Myrtle preserved and taken to MVZ along with the eggs which have been kept in shallow can of soil. Check of eggs by transmitted light shows no particular change. Some have good-sized air space but yolk continues to fill up about 1/2 the space (4) space Paul Anderson looked at the eggs. He felt a couple looked "possibly fertile", suggested shifting them to sand. Oct. 27 All kept at lab temperature 20-25°C without special care except occasional dampening of the soil or sand medium. 5 of the obviously un-developed eggs opened, all were spoiled and showed no sign of even a good germinal disc. Two more opaque (due to shell?) eggs kept on sand in 8" wide finger bowl. One shows
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ELKarbstein 1965 Clemmys mormota Oct.27 a fairly dark area when candled. 60-W bulb in goose-neck lamp placed a foot above the eggs 8:30 p.m. Jan.7 Eggs (2 remaining) finally cracked open. One with cracked shell was dried up. Other same as those previously opened. All eggs apparently were not fertilized since no sign of embryo. Finis to this Clemmys investigation!
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ELKadatum 1955 Sceloporus occidentali May 18 8 mi. E Placida, 600 ft., Maysara Cr., Calif. 10:05 A.M. Rolling grassland forced off for pasture both sides by Hwy 140. Grassland broken up especially along creek course by basaltic rocky outcrops. Four (4) individuals seen, one nerved, a young or showing fair territoriality. Dorsal surface of lizard seen is lighter than the gray-black lava deposits although lichen of grayish-green color covers much of the exposed rock surface. Rock surface ran where lizard taken 35.2°C. at 10:08 A.M. in full sun. Air temp. 27.5° C. (brush shaded) Could not gotten before lizard handled too much.
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EL Karstern 1955 Thamnophis elegans April 12 1/2 mi. S by SW of Court Center, Yosemite Valley Calif. Interesting case of a snake still active at quite low temperatures. While searching for Bufo boreas in pond I encountered the eye shine of a garter snake approximately 28-30" long. It was lying motionless in the water with but anterior 3 inches raised up. Dozens of Hyla were calling in this pond and the snake likely was preying on them but no buldge appeared in its stomach region. I wonder if the vibrations from the tree-frogs' vocal sacs might not be transmitted over the water surface to the body of the snake (?) The snake remained still for 5 minutes, probably purposely disturbed by my lens. I left the pond for about 10 minutes, my dead lens faded, and by the time I returned 20 minutes after leaving, the snake was rowling in sight. Its only observed movement had been swimming forward a foot just after I first spotted it. Water temp. 1" below pond surface 1 foot from edge where water 4" deep at 7:50 p.m. was 14.8°C. Air temp. 1" above water surface 8.0°C. and over dry grass 7.3°C. The warmer water undoubtedly enables this form to hunt at night under such conditions. I wonder how far it traveled out of water exposed to such low air temperature.
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ELKaldatum 1954-55 Bird list Oct. 16 western meadowlark flock 15-20 west of Placena Mojava Co., Calif. Fence along Hwy 140. Lark sparrow cave area (2-3) Spnorow hawkos (8) " " Red-tail hawk 5 mi. w Mojavea Denvr joyz(6) Hwy 19 ner mt. Bullim. California Woodgeehers some. Also Yos. Valley 10/17 Fox sparrow (1) on Tioga Road 2 mi. NE Cure Flat. Clark's nutcracker (3) Tioga Pass. Sisina junco (8) Diesta Lake on Tioga Pass Rd. * Nuttall's par-will (2) on road 6:00 p.m. about 3 miles E Cure Flat Entrance Station, Yos. Natl. Park, Mojaveza Co., Calif. Positive identification by red eyes and general slope. Flew off into brush when closed. Stella's joy - Yosemite Valley Calif. road-runner D.O.R. on Hwy 140 near Cathay. Calif gull - Taraya Lake Feb. 17 Dick Russell spotted two shovellera along State 1955 Hwy 140 2 miles NE Placena, Mojaveza Co., Calif. Yos. Valley Hairy woodpecker - below Cathedral Rocks 4150 ft. meadowlarks Shrikes Spnorow hawkos, etc. Red-tail hawk { Hwy 140 to Yosemite. In foothills
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Yosemite Bird List April 24 Peregrin mdr., 7300 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, meripasa Cr., Calif. Robin (5) Brown creeper (H) mountain chickadee (H) Red-shafted flicker (5) Great gray owl (5) April 25 meadow 1/2 mile S Govt. Center, Yosemite Valley, meripasa Cr., Calif. Red-winged blackbirds (10-12) nesting here. Virginia rail (1) seen at night chickadee (H) acorn woodpecker (2) Steller's jay (3)
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E.L.Karlstrom 1955 Great Gray Owl Oct 23. Skins of two adults had been prepared by Doug Hubland of Yosemite museum Oct. 19 and were lying out on desk in research room. Information from Hubland was that Marshall B "Buck" Evans, District Ranger at Matter, had found the pair (one ad & one juv) shot (with a .22 likely) and hung on a fence at Acherman meadow. Locality is 3 mi. N x NNE of Big Oak Flat Road ( Hwy 120) just where the highway leaves Yosemite National Park. NWw about 5 miles N x NW of Crane Flat Entrance Station to Y.N.P. Elevation 4700 feet. Specimens a little rige when Doug got them but he was able to put up a good pair of skins for the Yosemite museum. I tried to call Evans but phone line was out to Matter Ranger station. Sent him an office memo from museum requesting more details. This species considered an uncommon W.V. except for breeding pair spotted vicinity of Astinder Rocke south of Valley in Y.N.P. ( Grinnell ad Storer) 1924 I'm wondering if the pair killed could have been a resident breeding pair(!?) Hubland stated he planned a press release concerning the wanton slaying of these quite rare (for California) birds.
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ELKordation 1955 Great gray owl A great gray owl observed in Y.N.P. Joseph S. Dixon Cardor 46 (5) : 244 . Observed 7400 ft. West branch Bridowail Creek Yosemite Natl. Park June 23, 1944. Bright sunny A.M. perched on top of < 6' high fir tree center of very wet meadow. 2 miles from locality where two owls MV2 25534 and 25535 collected by Grinnell June 18, 1915 Abbott, Clinton G. 1913. Another record of the great gray owl in California 45 (1) : 37 . adult from between Coarsegold and Firegold , about 3200 feet, Madera Co. May or June 1930. Shot by boys and mounted, later donated to San Diego S.N.H. 20 air line miles S of Y.N.P. Measurements given. Byrnt, Harold E. 1920. Edward Garner, a pioneer naturalist Cardor xxII (1) : 32-33 Collection records of Garner include ? (two after later same time ) Quincy, Coly. May 12, 1894. Three owls from same general locality. Grinnell, G. 1914. The great gray owl in Caly. xVI (2) :94 Austin reports two elderly records 1857 "Sacrament Valley" 1890 "hills run Chin", Sept. 26, 1913 6 mi. S McClure, Siskiyou Co. Near # 24484 MV2. MV2 73353 3 mi due S mt. Lyzelle, Plumer Co. Coly low ft Sept 17, 1937 John Sonnenwerth
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ELKadatum 1955 Great gray owl Oct. 23 Notes on specimens Yosemite museum. Mr Evans (Douglas Hubbard) found shot and hung on fence. 1 lb 13 3/4 oz. Oct. 19, 1955 Total length of skin 23 3/4 "; beak-wart = 10 1/2 " Tarsus 2 1/2 ". Mr Evans (same. 1 lb 9 1/2 oz. 24" total, beak-wart 10 1/4", tarsus 2 1/2".
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Mammals
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Elk Astron 1955 Ursus americanus may 18 Ahwahnee meadow W of Canyon 7, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Y.N.P., Mariposa Co., Calif. 5:45 p.m. A ? and two young cubs in stand of mixed yellow pine and incense cedar at border of south side meadow. I didn't see them until I heard a series of guttural exhalations and looked up to see the ? and young 50-60 yards away. The ? "addressed" young up to a pine tree (I couldn't hear any sound but she appeared to motion with her head and they immediately responded) and then advanced about 4-5 yards in my direction, giving a few more suppressed growls. I looked up obligingly and observed from a position 75 yards away. The cubs went 30' up the 4-5' thick trunk of the pine. They apparently tried in about 5-8 minutes and looked down together. ? medium-sized, dark reddish brown. The cubs identical in color but lighter brown than female. Young about size of small chicken speckled. The playful activity of cubs continued after they came down tree. They seemed to climb 5-10' up trunks in slow play. ? was near base of tree and twice the cubs would swing from trunk to mother's back. One ride like a horse-rider for a minute or so. The ? took 2-3 steps and the cub rolled off hitting feet first. One playfully dropped its mother. ? removed yoked. Cubs wrestled each other like kittens at one time, repeatedly climbed tree trunks usually right together. Cubs never more than 20-25 feet from ?
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Field Notes 1955 Tape Recording Data
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EL Karatun 1955 Magnetite Portable tape recorder loaned by Moses Asch, Folkways Records, N.Y. Recording Data June 7 Huntington Lake (Deer Creek Campground), 6950 ft. Fresno Co., Calif. Reel No. 1 About 400 feet of wind calls. Lodgepole pine grove on north side of Lake. Also Red fir, Jeffrey pine.. 5:40-6:20 A.M. Temp. cool 8-10° C. Western soline first woke me about 3:45 A.M. Mole singing from 40-60 feet up in pines. Full moon probably initiated early morning activity, Western wood pewee, mt. chickadee also recorded in background but soline predomiant. June 8 .2 miles NE Kaiser Passa summit, 9200 ft., Fresno Co., Calif Reel No. 2 Almost full reel of the Yosemite food buffer camera recorded 1-2 P.M. 3-4 mole tracks involved (see field notes). Full trail of moles; also the "release notes" of moles as otter mole attempted amphibine. SW breeze but sunny and warm 24-25° C. Hyla rejilla background. Reel No. 3 June 11 Kaweah Campground at Giant Forest, 7000? ft., Sequonia National Park, Tulare Co., Calif. 5:30 A.M. An attempt to record anguished grunts of 350 lb. female deer (Uraus americanus - American black deer) which we forced us into a white fir. She clung there for nearly an hour before we let her down. Her stall during the night: 4 caches of food, one can awindow broken out completely, one mutilated iron food locker, hours of lost sleep. Note cougar's remorse, deer sliding hurriedly down tree trunk ad feeding for other parts. Later we discovered her 2 cuba 50 feet up in another tree - and felt happy we didn't
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ELKadethum 1955 Recording data (2) June 11 get retaliation for our efforts to scare her off during the night. She had been within feet of our sleeping dogs during the night. About 100 feet of tape recorded. Maybe she growled because of a gut ache after her "snack" of flour, bread, deer, peanut butter, marshmallows, coffee cake, canned meat (cans singly ripped open with her teeth and claws), jam, sugar, cereal etc. etc. I hope she got her vice burned after stepping over my jar of formaldehyde! June 13 Finish [Reel No. 3] Deer Springs Valley, 3920 ft. Layton Co., Calif. Recorded 7:15 - 9:00 P.M. intermittently. This is a marshy spring in an isolated valley near the east-central border of the state. Red-wing blackbirds and yellow-headed blackbirds nesting apparently side by side in the sedge of the marsh. Single "chuck" notes or wattle from a red-wing; the harsh trills of the others. The yellow-headed or blackbirds have a border call. The most prominent series of this species were from a single o> perched 5' above the marsh on a fence post. He was apparently putting on a mating display. At least a o> red-wing 4 feet away wasn't intimidated by his antics if they were territorially driven. Texas nightjar (10-12) feeding by 8 P.M. [Reel No. 4] More Deer Springs. There are a few Rufa (brown) spind notes along with a few Scrappings. By 8:30 P.M. there were no more food notes although a single scadebuff tool kept calling from middle of...
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EL Kalatsum 1955 Recording notes (3) June 14 Finished all but about lost 100 feet of reel 4 tonight 8:00 - 8:30 A.M. Campground at lower end of Rock Creek Lake, 9700 ft., Mono Co., Calif. A male California jay and female about 30-40 feet away in a lodgepole pine set near a stirring current. The cascading Rock Creek as it tumbles out of Rock Creek Lake is the roar in the background. It's cold, 6°C. Robins, deer juncos, a few white-crowned sparrows have been heard in the area. June 15 Lost 100 feet of reel 4 at Red Meadow Campground, 1500 ft., near Devil Postpile Mall. Remnant, Madera Co., Calif. About 8:00 - 8:30 A.M. Lodgepole pine forest. Small creek nearby; some large other types of jays. Picked up Oregon juncos mostly but robins, white crowned sparrows, cow-birds in local area. June 16 Reel 5 [illegible] some locality 7:30 - 8:30 A.M. Robins, white-crowned sparrows, juncos, chickadees, western torngers, hairy woodpeckers, purple finches, cow-birds all in the area. High-pitched shrill notes one of the "pocket-squir" (ground squirrel) 3 of which were standing out dry their dinners out in the meadow. Breezy this morning, cool after slight hail and rain showers of last night. Reel No. 6 Purple finch, hairy woodpecker mostly. Thought I heard a mountain quail sound off twice. Recorded 8:30 - 9:15 A.M. Sunny, warmer but windy. Lodgepole, Jeffrey pine hillside.
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ELK station 1955 Recording notes (3) no recording reel no. 6. l must have goofed and had switch on "play" position! June 16 [Reel no. 7] 300 feet Red's meadow. hairy woodpecker in hollow pine snag. Some mountain chickadee, finch. June 27 Faith Valley, 7500 ft., Alpine Co., Calif., lost 300 feet [reel no. 7] recorded 7:30-8:30 A.M. Open range cattle, red-winged blackbird for out in meadow. White-crowned sparrow, purple finch. July 8 Camp 19, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, California. Paul Elders caught a mole Scapous lotnancus sericatus (Yosemite mole) which we placed in a glass aquarium. He angry gestic notes of the mole when prodded were put on tape. When released it took the mole but 35 seconds to burrow underground in relatively hard-packed open ground. July 10 5:30-7:00 A.M. Bird calls recorded west of Graft. Center near base of Yosemite Falls which can be heard as roar on tape. No wind. Western wood pewee, Steller jays, acorn (or Calif.) wood- pickers, solins, flickers are in area. Nest were four fledgling acorn woodpeckers 30 feet up in a black oak tree or they squawked for food. The first bird calls after the mole are mostly of black-headed grosbeak near Central Bridge 5:45 A.M. This termine with sound of movement automobiles in Valley. Clear
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ELKadelton 1955 Recording data (4) Reel No. 8 July 10 mild morning typical of Valley midsummer mornings. I dubbed in some remarks at end of tape using the Yosemite museum Penton recorder. Note following portions of my voice using maganite in field. In replaying tapes I've been aware of the treble pitch my voice comes out as. The animal recordings may all be too treble, too. Reel No. 9 About 50 more feet of tape of fledgling acorn woodpeckers. Follow brief series of Steller jay notes at Camp 19, Yosemite Valley. 9:30 A.M. Sierra ground squirrel (Citellus brevicaudi siseri) in rock slope behind tent recorded as he perched on large granite boulder and "piped" his shrill notes. Rancorous notes of Steller jay follow, note whistler, chatter, etc. of versatile jays. July 20? Reel No. 10 Experimental recording of the "release" notes of mole toads: Bufo (Bufo) exsul, B. buro holophylus and B. conors. Recorded at museum loft on maganite and Penton machines. Toads held between fingers behind forelimbs to get the notes.
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ELK Karstun 1955 Buffo sp. recording data July 25 Experimental recording at museum, Yosemite Valley of the role "release notes" various toods. magnetite portable tape recorder first used. machine noisy and recording my voice too table. ELK #771 Camp 19, Yoz. Valley, Mariposa Co. Calf. Buffo brossa holoikilus Food placed on table 4-6" from hand mike and grasped behind forelimbs between thumb and index fingor. Room temperature 24° C. ELK #747 Buffo conurus NE side Highland Lake, 8500 ft., Alpine Co., Calif. ELK #694 Buffo (brossa) ideal Deer Springs Valley, 5200 ft., Inyo Cr., Calif. These notes are not unlike the weak notes uttered by a few males I got at Deer Springs June 13, 1955, although the call notes of a male are lower Aug. 26 - Use of museum sp. Pentium recorder (non portable) Room temp. same. Note tuner recording fidelity. ELK #807 Buffo brossa holoikilus . Yosemite Valley 4000 ft. Sept. 4 ELK #820 B. conurus from Tioga Pass, 9900 ft. Mono Co., Calif. Food cold at first (6:45 A.M.) but warmed up to room temperature due to hardling.
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ELKarlstrom 1956 1954 Recording data Feb. 2 Reel No. 2 (June 8, Kaiser Base Meadow Fresno Co., Calif). Some good calls of B. canorus although the Magnemite portable machine was recording too level, my voice sounds unnaturally high. Also some wavering of volume level. First 7/3 rds of tape include many good calls involving 3-4 males. I interjected
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EL Karlstom 1956 Recording data Feb. 3 Are we exotic tree-frogs here? Possibly a novel species (pizera)?? RCS suggest a loose comparison with the Cornell "Sounds of the Night" record. Paul Anderson independently came up with acris but noted definite differences. He suggested the possibility of a mole cricket or other insect. Reel No. 10 Experimental recording of "protect" notes. First ~400 feet with Magnemite at Yosemite Museum too treble and noise from machine. #741 ELK B. boreas holophilus Yoz. Valley 746 & 747 B. canorus 694 B. dr. exsul Deep Sags. 200 feet with Yosemite Natural Visiting Association centum recorder (AC operated) will much better result. #807 B. br. h. good near end 820 B. can good warmed up and rate increased
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Field Notes 1955 Co⁶⁰ Tag Retrieving Experiments
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ELKordatum 1955 Co60 toy retrieving experiment Nov. 27 Big Spring Canyon, Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co. Calif. Attempt to evaluate effectiveness of tagging method by searching out tagged toad and salamander with Geiger counter (Tracerlab Bx survey meter) and scintillometer. Used sloping (about 20°) grassy hillside in area where Bob Stebbins has worked Sceloporus for pinned body studies. Stebbins, daughter Melinda, son John helped out. Bobbinio Dead Canyon 12 <-- 22 yds --> grass 25 yds Above area mentally staked out as limits for hiding the animals. Dry dead grasses (cusha etc.) to about one foot height. Small rocky outcroppings scattered through grass - none larger than 1+ foot across and 10-12 " above ground. Soil moist due to downslope seepage following recent rains. Clear sunny skies. Time 1:15 - 2:10 p.m. Procedure was for 2 of us to plant the animals while other some 50 yards away with backs turned. Moved with instruments parallel to each other about 4-5 feet apart. Scintillometer was much more effective in picking up responses 8-12 feet away, but Geiger counter still effective. Results on separate sheet.
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EL Kadstun 1955 C060 (Recovery of toys) Animal +/- mr/hr. Tablet used Rel. strength Time rag. Nature of site, etc. Buffo = 4 110 12 min In soil under a rock. Tarkha = 2 ~ 15 Salmonder moved out of area. Some food 3 Down in soil under 12" rock " Salmonder 3[illegible] [6][illegible] half buried. Salmonder in burrow. Same 5 Buried food 1" soft soil. - 4[illegible] [9][illegible] Salmonder in fragmented rocky outcrop. We were misled first run by working around the spot in triangular area where food had been handled and water from its jar poured on the ground. Hence it took a longer time than other runs. Tarkha had been let loose in grass and was about 5-6 feet out of the area. I picked it up (before seeing it) with Geiger counter after Stedvin suggested that it had walked out of the A area.
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Field Notes 1956 Catalog nos. 847-1008
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Elkdaleton 1956 Catalogue 1.3 mi. N., 0.2 mi. W Civic Center Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Caly. Feb. 7, 1956 847 Bufo boreas halophilus ad.→ 848 " " " ad. ♀ 849 " " " ad.→ 850 " " " ad. ♀ 851 " " " ad. → 852 " " " ad. ♀ 853 " " " ad. → 854 " " " ad. ♀ 855 " " " ad.→ 856 " " " " " 857 " " " " " 858 " " " ad. ♀ 859 " " " → 860 " " " ad. ♀ 861 " " " " ♀ 862 " " " → 863 " " " " 864 " " " " 1.5 miles by road west of Springer Spring, Sonoma Co., California March 18, 1956 865 Centromerus coeruleus 866 Anelida flavipunctatus 867 " " 868 " " 869 " ""
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EL Kaudatum 1956 Catalogue Near Fender and Blake Street, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Co., Calif. March 31, 1956 870 Bufo boreas ♀ (coll. by Timothy Gee) 871 " " → (shedding) " " " " 872 " " subadult " " " " 873 Uta stansburiana 874 " " 875 Sceloporus occidentalis Hwy 466 at Clear Creek, 12 mi. NW of Taftchezi Kern Co., Calif., April 21, 1956. 876 mastigophis lateralis & 3 mi N, 2 mi W Victorville, San Bernardino Co., Calif. April 21, 1956 877 Bufo microcephus 878 " " 879 " " 880 " " 881 " " 882 " " 883 Bufo boreas adult → 884 " " 885 " " 886 " " 887 " " 888 " " 889 " "
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EL Karlstrom 1956 Catalogue 3 mi. N, 2 mi. W of Victorville, San Bernardino Co., Calif. April 21, 1956 890 Bufo boreas 891 " " 892 " " Crystal Creek Ranch, 9 1/2 mi. S of Lucerne Valley (Synd.) S.B. Co., California April 22, 1956 893 Sceloporus occidentalis SW side of Baldwin Lake, 6674 feet, San Bernardino Co., Calif. April 22, 1956 894 Bufo boreas (subadult) coll. by R.M. Eshari 895 " " " " " " 896 " " " " " " 897 " " adult 898 " " " near Metcalf Bay, S side Big Bear Lake, 6150 ft S.B. Co., Calif. April 22, 1956 899 Bufo boreas 900 898 " " 901 " " 841. 902 893 " " 903 893 " " 904 89 " " 405 Forest Have, 5240 ft. in Mill Creek Canyon, San Bernardino Co., Calif. April 22, 1956 . 906 Cerastes multicinctus D.O.R.
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supplanted mutatis mutantis? [illegible] in 2, alterative to (a) in 2, in 2 22P1, 55 lineo - (blue, red)
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Elkardatum 1956 Catalogue Coso Springs Red Rock Canyon, 5 mi. S of Redlands, Riverside Co. Colif. April 23, 1956 907 Gerberotina multicarinata (dardar diet wood) 908 Sceloporos occidentalis Red Rock Canyon, 6 miles S of Redlands, 1800 ft. S.B. Co., Colif. April 23, 1956 909 Phymaceria carnatum Benning Canyon in San Gorgios River, 4500 feet, Riverside Co., Colif. April 23, 1956 910 Para muzzosa Tahquitz Canyon, 1 mile SW of Palm Springs, 500 1175 ft Riverside Co., Colif. April 23, 1956 911 Dyla aniecola 912 " " 913 " " 914 " " 915 " " 916 " " Canyon 2 1/2 mi. SE of Colbyson 2200 ft, Riverside Co., Colif. April 24, 1956 917 Xantusia henshawi 918 " " 919 " " 920 " " 921 " " 922 " "
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EL Karatum Catalogue 2 1/2 mi. SE Caloryn, 2200 ft., Riverside Co. Colly. April 24, 1956 923 Xantusia hendawi 924 " " 925 " " 926 Uta neansi T/2 mi. SE Caloryn, 1800 feet, Riverside Co. Colly., April 24, 1956 927 Uta neansi 928 " " lost (died) 929 Sceloporus orcutti - 2 1/2 mi.? 930 Piturophis caterifer mouth Tehuquit Canyon, 500 ft., 1 mi. SW Palm Spry., Riverside Co. Colly. April 24, 1956 931 Bufo punctatus 932 " " 3 mi. NW 1000 Palm P.O., 250 ft., Riverside Co., Colly. April 25, 1956 933 Ura inornata 934 " " 935 " " 936 " " 937 Dipsosaurus dorsalis 938 " " 939 Uta gervasa (coll. by R.M. Eaton) Tehuquit Canyon, 700 feet, 1 1/2 mi. SW Palm Spry., Riverside Co. Colly. April 25, 1956 940 Cnemidophorus tigris 941 Uta strobilina
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regalato 29 dicembre, ag 0054, modello 31 in 1/2 3201, pe lungo (lo) model intmax 8EP " " 6EP " " 2EP " " 2EP 29 dicembre, ag 0021, modello 31 in 1/2 3201, pe lungo, (lo) concor stu DEP (kach) tool " " GEP ciluro singolar pec alquanto silvestro AEP 002 waginal, ag 0044, modello singolot Heron pe lungo (lo), 9 dicembre, agg n.1) mitting studi 1EP " " SEP singolare, ag 025, .0.9 singol 001 WH in 8 3201, 26 lungo, (lo), 29 trovan con CEF " " MEP " " 2EP " " DEP chiaro, singolar PEP " " REP (mab m.2 gi luo) concor stu PE 43 bed in 1, trov art, nuovo singolot 301 pe lungo (lo), 29 dicembre, aggo singol sifalmo 0PP
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Elkaderim 1956 Catalogue Ambry Crater, 3 mi. W x SW of Ambry, 600 feet, Son Bernardino Co., Calif. April 27, 1956 942 Uma scoparin 943 Callosaurus desmoides 944 " " 945 " " 946 Uta stonaluriona 947 " " 3 mi. N, 2 mi. W Victorville, 2600 feet, Son Bernardino Co., Calif. April 27, 1956 948 Xantusia vigilis 949 " " 950 " " 951 " " 952 " " 953 " " 954 Eumeces gilberti 955 Sceloporus occidentalis; Ahwahnee Mdw., 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley Mariposa Co., Calif. June 28, 1956 956 Bufa larae Bora catolbaini Same locality June 29, 1956 957 Bufo laraze
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Elkardtin Catalogue 300+yds NE Troga Base Berger Station, 9900 ft., Mono Co., Calij. June 29, 1956 958 Buffalo canorus (series of "yearling" juveniles) 959 " " eggs. 960 " " ad. ♀ 961 " " " " 962 " " " " 963 " " " " 964 " " " " 965 " " " " 966 " " ad. ♂ 967 " " " " 9060 tagged 968 " " " " " " 969 " " " " 970 " " " " 971 " " " " 972 " " " " 973 " " " " 974 " " " " 975 " " " " 976 " " " " 977 " " " " 978 " " " " 979 " " " " Faith Valley, 7500 ft., Alpine Co., Calif. June 30, 1956 980 Rana muscosa ad. 981 " " "
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El Karlstein 1956 Catalogue 1/2 mile E x SE of the nizzle, 8200 ft. Alpine Co., Calif. June 30, 1956 982 Hyla regilla 983 " " 984 " " NW end Upper Blue Lake, 8100 ft, Alpine Co., Calif. June 30, 1956 985 Hyla regilla 986 Bufo branez ad. ♀ 987 " " " " 988 " " ad. ♂ 989 " " " 990 " " " 991 " " " 992 " " " 993 " " " 994 " " " 995 " " " 996 " " " 997 " " " 998 " " " 999 " " " mvz 64877 1000 Bufo canorus ad. ♂ (first case of symmetry w/ branez) 1001 " " eggy mvz 64878 1002 Bufo branez subducted ad. ♂ 1003 " " " 1004 1005 " " "
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regulators metallics JEPH the case, about 20 to 32x 3 inch? steel, or something else, no angle align steel $28 " " CIP " " KP hole, no angle? the 0018, what would angle JEPH, or something align steel $28 9 to travel adjust JEPH " " " " KP " " " " KP " " " " CIP " " " " KP " " " " KP " " " " KP " " " " KP preps 304 the tops of the tank (to be screwed and) 0001 steel cup " " 1001 the bottom screws? no angle? 5001 " " 2001
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EL Kardinum 1956 Catalogue NW end Upper Blue lake, 8100 feet, Alpine Co., Calif. June 30, 1956 1006 Bufo boreas al. 07 1007 " " " Error in 1008 " " recording. No specimens. 1009 " " " 1010 " " " 1011 " " " 1012 " " " 1013 " " " 1014 " " " 1015 " " " 1016 " " " 1017 " " " 1018 " " " 1019 " " " 1020 " " "
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Catalog Augustana College campus, Rock Island, R.I. Co., Illinois Oct. 12, 1956 1007 Thamnophis radix 20th Ave. & 30th Street, Rock Island R.I. Co., Illinois Oct. 19, 1956 1008 Didelphis virginianus skull & skin (latter destroyed June 1957)
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Field Notes 1956 Journal
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Elk Gulch 1956 Journal April 21 Left Berkeley 6:50 A.M. in MVZ truck with Bob Stabler and Dick Eakin. Overcast but mild. Walnut Creek to Hwy 50. 3 white pelicans flying N 8:30 A.M. San Joaquin River. Hazy, warm in Valley. Modesto 8:40 A.M. (27824). Hwy 99 south. D.O.R. 'Possum on edge of highway (7839.7) Merced (7858.0). Fresno 10:25 A.M. (7905.) Bakersfield 2:45 P.M. (8001.8) Stop for groceries, supplies Westchester Shopping Center. First collecting stop on Hwy 466 SE by E of Bakersfield. Bottom of sandy wash is moist. Grass green in north slopes, starting to brown on south slopes. Thunderstorm to NE in southern Sierra. 2:15 P.M. 2 Scelogrus occidentalis 3 Uta stansburiana 2 ravine, 1 red-tailed hawk seen. A short distance down highway flock of 35-40 tri-colored redwings, 1 divert, several meadow-larks. Poppies, owl-cliver, lupine, fiddle-neck still blooming favorable exposures. D.O.R. gopher snake just hit (8025.1) 3:25 P.M. 466 at Clear Creek (8027.7) 1 Eumeces gilberti 1 Mastigophis lateralis 1 Ensatina e. crocea
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El Koshsturn 1956 journal April 21 466 at Clear Creek (cont.) 1 Anniella pulchra Left area 4:50 p.m. Water flowing clear creek; afternoon mild with hazy sun. Supper 6:40 P.M. Mojave (8058) We started running road from Mojave on. Better road conditions (less traffic) from junction 466 and 395. An alternate old stretch of the highway parallels 395 for a number of miles. Night temps. not too cool for reptiles (RCS) but we found none. Pavement cool; winds very strong at Mojave at sunset. Camped at Stelbins' favorite site 3 mi. N, 1 mi. W of Victorville along Mojave River. mild, moonlit evening. Bufo microcephalus B. boreas holochilus Sandy areas above river level slightly dampish under the surface. Temperature at night down to April 22 about 10° C. at 6:00 A.M. Breakfast Victorville then SE through Apple Valley, State 18. Junny, warm. Took Crystal Creek Park road due south from Lucerne Valley. 2 Ensatina e. croceata - schenkeri juveniles (a third juvenile was returned after being collected) 1 Geochrotus multicinctus Sceloporus occidentalis On returning northward to Lucerne Valley we collected two reptiles on the dirt road. 1 Mastigophis flagellum 1 Phrynosoma platyhirina
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(this) seems need to set is like m 702:1" was that only being obtained. I am also mindful, but made myself stew [208] perhaps. m.9 oh a request some gosh no images may have given in total and setting and (difficult end) switches been noted all to let me be available on 205 for now also follows a set of 205 already granted (123) utilize of less not too great help if you are, you cannot. your work can fail add to beyond. have to worry to get to [illegible] for us in 1, it in 6 the strongly given through, also. need major goals undercover off? although worth it? insightful helpful level our role was clear. it must align to interact, perhaps all who else could be here? m.9 so a to a '03. think so long at this one, great, follow also should want 22 with personal and those out for their lives but quiet [illegible] e) learning involved - stories & myths? c didles got both before our living hints. interactions involved 1 [cliché] considered our jolly second it brother greater no been job to no utilize yet details
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EL Kardatum 1956 Journal April 22 Estimate locality (mileage record lost) as 35 miles south of Lucerne Valley (town). The red rover log stretched out at edge of road. It apparently was not really warmed up, since I was able to mose it with a leather hose at the end of the heavy smoke stick. The burned lizard was spotted running at a terrific clip across the road in front of me, trail erect as it ran. Bob found it on top of a concrete mound about 14 feet from the road edge. We returned to state Highway 18 and continued up back side of San Bernardino Mts. to Baldwin and Big Bear Lakes. Sceloporus magister (few) seen working on boulders along the highway SE of Lucerne Valley. Also Uta and Sceloporus occidentalis. Baldwin Lake, 6674 ft., San Bernardino Co. We arrived about 11:30 A.M. Lake dry and twisters swirling up dust. First stop at north end of playa. No animals evident save retaining pools for watering cattle. We continued around east and south end of lake. Dick Eakin collected a juvenile B. brevirostris in small spring seep south end of lake. Only food spawn found save area (recently bottled out larvae). at SW end of lake near the rock portion of the westward-extending arm of lake adult and subadult B. brevirostris (4) taken. Continued to Big Bear Lake. Sunny but cool breeze.
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EL Kaldston 1956 Journal April 22 East end of Big Ben Lake, 6750 ft., S.P. Co., Calif. 2 Sceloporus gravis Metcalf Bay, Big Ben Lake, 6750 ft. We drove part way out to lake. Scraped-over area produced subadult and adult toads ( ) when we dug in loose soil at edge of shallow ponds. Bufo boreas From Metcalf Bay we doubled back eastward to road to mm Ridge. From ski area we drove Camp Rodford five rods to canyon to the south and joined road connecting with Mill Creek Canyon. Snow patches along road above 7000 feet. Skies clear but cold winds. D.O.R. (just hit) adult Gambrotus multicinctus on north Forest Home R.O., J-240, Mill Creek Canyon. 4:50 P.M. Stayed overnight home of John Goodson, paleontologist at Redlands University at 6000 foot level, Mill Creek Canyon. In conversation John mentioned presence of both Crotalus mitchelli and Crotalus viridis oreganus in this canyon. Also 3 Trinophidus taken, one per year, on Mill Creek Canyon road 3000-3600 feet - all D.O.R. April 23 Left with John Goodson for Redlands at 7:20 A.M. Clear, mild morning. Ensatina e. [illegible] locality at about 5000 foot level, 1/2 mile above Forest Home R.O. Rana aurora reported from ponds in river bottom. Lichenura collected alive about 3200 feet. Salivadora D.O.R. slightly
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El Kaddem 1956 Journal April 23 lower down. Brief visit Univ. of Redlands where Stedman received 3 Ensatia e. sachsoltzi from John Gordon. Following John's lead we drove SE to Redlands Blvd. Junctin of Blvd. and Rede Canyon Road (435.6 John's car) 1 Phrynosoma cornutum on road (437.5) 8:45 A.M. Cascade Ranch (438.2) search for salamander at spring unsuccessful 1 Phrynosoma cornutum adult at Rock by Dick Eckin. Continued NW to Cascade Springs (440.7), a more mesophytic situation with a sycamore grove nestled in a stream bed along road. 1 Pitophis coterifor large adult. 1 Gamborata multicarinatus dead on dirt roadway. 3 Scelognys occidentalis. I spotted a couple of Cramidophorus but couldn't get near them as they tore into goosewood clumps. We doubled back SE along Rede Canyon Road. Stop near Ranch again but on main road. 1 Phrynosoma cornutum from top of large boulder 1 Botrioderez altervotus in spring seep area. adult Craterius viridis dead and decaying in ditch side of road. Weather clear and hot with mild freeze. Hng 60 to Borning 11:10 A.M. District Warden (Fish & Game) Frank Brundoge helped to get permission to get on water company property up Bonning Canyon. We spent entire afternoon working
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EKarlstun 1956 Journal April 29 N.E. Banning Canyon. 1 Lora nucera Hard of Burnt Canyon above mill Canyon. Drive Water Canyon truck as far as road possible, then hiked steam canyon to waterfall. Bob collected three Ensetra . E. & Idoubei overcast and E. & zackscholtzi lower down. Returned to Banning 6:30 P.M. Afternoon hazy with some cloudiness, card up canyon 5-500 feet elevation. Drive to Palm Springs State Hwy 111. Overnight camp north of Tahquitz Canyon, one mile S.W. Palm Springs. 6 Hyla cinerea Tahquitz creek about 10 A.M. Brilliant full moon, warm (in low 70's). April 24 Up about 7 A.M. Clear, lovely morning. After breakfast we drove NW on 111, then west to canyon. Followed road drawn by Van Sooy to locality where he collected Batrachosoma in mid-March. || Cabazon | Hwy 60 79 99 Broadway X small canyon Quite dry at surface, and no salamanders found this locality. 1 Pituophis catenifer Good site near 1 Uta wernsi stuged rocks 1 Uta stanleyana
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Elkardstrom 1956 Journal April 24 Birds seen: Western Kingbird, mockingbird, mourning dove, linnet. After lunch at Calozym we returned to work up a large canyon about 2 1/2 miles SE of Calozym. 1:00 P.M. to 5:15 P.M. Kodachrome # 526 3 Sceloporus orcutti flowering cactus, # 7 across Coyote Pass 3 Uta merana flying northward. 16 Xantusia henshawi (3 preserved) 3 Sceloporus occidentalis Dry, warm windy day. Good stream flow in canyon interesting association of goose-wood and creoste rush. Wild grape, poison oak, alder in lush canyon bottom. Evodietyon sp.(?), flowering cactus, Yucca some yuca whipplei (spelled) great. A rugged canyon with huge granite boulders. Canyon wrens, black- chinned hummingbird, California quail abundant. Thought I also heard a green-backed goldfinch. Stallins and I took from stream. 1 Rosa muscosa 2 Dyla auricolor Returned to Palm Springs for supper. Road collecting began after 7 P.M. beginning on State highway 74 from Palm Desert on State Rte. 111. Mileage stat (360.3) 1 Phyllodrychus decetitus juven.(361.1) 1 Hicimura roseofusca adult 7:25 P.M. Bright full moon. 1/2 inch olive sand fine gravelly shoulder at 7:30 P.M. 25.2°C, Gravel substrate 26.5°C. We doubled back (362.1) with no
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El Kabstein 1956 journal April 24 further success. Returning on Hwy. 111 we drive northward on 1000 Palma road while take off near Rancho El Mirage. Nrn 1000 Palma P.O. the road heads straight west back to Palm Springs, sandy desert out here on valley flats with the wind-blown sand drifted on to edge of road many places. No success. Bright full moon may retard reptile activity but night air temperatures also have dropped off. Return to our Tolquity Canyon camp-site. 2 Bufeo punctatus from Tolquity Creek 9:45 P.M. April 25 After breakfast we moved out on sandy desert to locality 3 mi NW of Thousand Palma P.O. (Giant Dune) Began search 8:20 A.M. Slightly overcast. Young lizard Uma inornata, few Collisonia out. Air temp 1" above sand (bulls shelled 25.1° C. at 9:00 A.M.; sand 34.5° C. in open situation. By 10:00 A.M. we began to collect more and larger Uma. Air temp 1" above sand 31.5° C. Sand temp. 39.0° C. First Digisaurus collected about 10:45 A.M. when conditions still hotter. Cloud cover gradually dissipated 9-10 A.M. Kadoshure #8 habitat slot. 18 Uma inornata 2 Collisonia 1 Cnemidophorus tigris 1 Crotohytus wislizeni 8 Digisaurus dorsalis No snakes seen. Lack of sidewinder tracks suggests
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EL Kaidatum 1956 Journal April 25 that C. erastes has been active in area. Desert iguana and Uma observed on highway when we returned to Palm Springs at noon. Hot day (in 90'2) with slight haze over mountains. Worked afternoon in smaller Canyon just NW of main Totquitz Canyon, 1½ mi SW Palm Springs. One Crotaphytus collisius seen. Birds included phainopepla, desert song sparrow, Coly.quail. Warm hut sited in canyon. 1 Sauromalus obesus, 1 Cnemidophorus tigris, 3 Uta stansburiana. Road walk 7-8:30 P.M. same route as last night. Too cool. No reptiles. April 26 Left Palm Springs 7 A.M. for Indio and lower Coachella Valley. Hwy 11 to Coachella and U.S. 99 south on west side of Salton Sea. Warm and windy. Kolaschume #9 - 200 ft. below sea level facing west toward Santa Rosa mt. showing old sea level level bench W of north end Salton Sea, We collected sand dune area east of Hwy 99 about 3 miles N by NW from Springs. Winds rise to approximately 25-30 miles per hour kept lizard activity down. 2 humped out Z flusket. Few Uma notata seen, also a few Uta stansburiana and collisius decormids. No snake tanks and few lizard tanks left around side of large dunes. Mesquite and erastes lucido D.O.R. Texas nightbook 2 Uma notata 10:30 - 12:00 A.M. Quick check behind Kern Springs. Unhospitalable body at lowered service station prevented our checking springs near house for Bora ziguis
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EL Kodstrom 1956 Journal April 24 previously reported this locality. Dick Eakin roved I Digasaurus dorsalis subadult 12:45 p.m. Westward for lunch. Gale winds and sandstorms continued into afternoon. Took Carter street route. I D.O.R. subadult mosticophis floriglam 1 mi. N Westward, Imperial Co. Specimen not kept. D.O.R. stujed skunk 4 mi. N. Westward. Skin rolled inside out, probably by a turkey buzzard, but scent glands untouched. We drove Westward on Estelle Road to Obsidian Buttes. Brushish pools around Buttes which have resulted mainly from the bulldozing operation by a gravel outfit (junior for building blocks?) located near Buttes. No birds seen. Visited mud Pats about 3 mi NE of Obsidian Buttes. These supposedly were the source of some salts in Disney's "Living Desert". Only a dribbling of silty water in a small pool 4 feet wide However, crust of mud over extensive area (now dry) suggest considerable gas eruption has occurred. Morning dust clocked by truck speedmeter ~ 23 m.p.h. Wind about 20-25 m.p.h. at right angle to bird's flight. I dead Tringa found dead east side of Salton Sea 1/4 mile NW of mud Pats. Adult 15-16" carpus length. Apparently worked up by wave action. Bob Stebbins knows of no record of
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Elkado 1956. Journal April 26 species in Salton Sea. This area SE of sea is widely supplied with irrigation ditches carrying water from Colorado river drainage, so it is easy to see how the turtles could find their way into the Salton Sea itself. I D.O.R. record Carolina strix about 1 mi. S mud flats (2 6 mi. SW of Niland) dead and rattles cut off. Total length ~ 3 feet. Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge and adjacent agricultural lands wonderful place for bird obser- vations. We observed Avocets, dowitchers, curts, sandpipers, snowy egrets (3), hering (?) gull, woodpecker? mourning doves, shrikes, etc. Arrived Niland 5:10 P.M. Cool, continued heavy dust storm to west. We drove shortly NW on State 111 to Palm Springs. Light rain as we approached Palm Spring 6:30 8.M. Heavy storm clouds over San Gorgito Mts. Continued north after supper Smoketree River. To Twentynine Palms. Sky clear but stiff cold wind. April 27 Cool clear sunny morning. Drove westward to Indean Cave in Joshua Tree National Monument. Kolodziej # 11 ground "woodpecker" freng w. #12 of Bobcat Rock beside blooming creosote bush parking area Indian Cave. # 12 of Hyge avenue inhabited Indian Cave (F7 at 1/25 th) looking up granite chimney. Water in granite pot-hole. Stevens paint work placed here a year ago when Hyge washed live eroded off. No marked canyon
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El Karlstuen 1956 Journal April 27 tree-frogs found among 3 captured. Dylan todylus recently hatched ~ 1 cm. length. Birds: Rock wren, Gambel quail (5-6, > black-tailed ground squirrel, ? Phrynosoma, (2-4) green-backed goldfinches. Kodachrome # 13 & 14 Bullion mts. from highway leading north to Amboy. Cercote-Atriplex association. Amboy crater lava outflow. 1 Diglossana 1 Uta scoparia 10 Collisonura 3 Uta stansburiana - are taken 1935 feet on crest of order cere. Population probably followed Atriplex + Cercote (?) through a draw on south side of mtn. Absence of large lizards. No chuckwallas spotted. Overcast most of period 10:15-1:15 with mild breeze. Clearing around 1:30 p.m. 1/5 of sky cloaked with potently cumulus - stratus clouds. Continued west on U.S. 66 to Barstow, then 66 and 91 toward Victorville. Mojave desert area windy ad cool, overcast most of afternoon. 3 mi. N, 2 mi. W Victorville, San Bernardino Co. 6 Xantusia vigilis 1 Eumeces rubricaudatus 1 Sceloporus occidentalis Fairly fresh sign of Sauromalus and Sceloporus vigilis on rocks east of highway, but overcast, stingy cool winds kept all surface activity down. I found the Xantusia under blocks of felled
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EL Karlstrom 1956 journal April 27 Cottonwood and the Eucalyptus and Sycamores at base of a rolled stump. All bugs sluggish. Air temperature in low 50's. 5:00 P.M. Continued north on U.S. 395 to U.S. 495. West to Mojave for supper, than into Bakersfield where we stayed with Jerry and Geri Gorman. April 28 Returned to Berkeley 1:45 P.M. After drive from Bakersfield. Cool weather continued. San Joaquin Valley appears as if recent rains had hit area.
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EL Karstian 1956 Journal June 28 Left Albany 5:15 A.M. with family in Plymouth. Merced 8:30 A.M., getting hot even by this time. Yosemite 11:30 A.M. clear and hot. Afternoon at Museum. Snow depth data from lower Boyt Admini- stration Bldg. Brief night check Strawberry and Churchme Meadow 10-11:15 P.M. Hydracaula adult found and numerous tree-frog tadpoles nearing metamorphosis. no toad larvae seen or adults. One calling male bullfrog Churchme Meadow, probable escape from Churchme Hotel pond where several had been intro- duced. Evening cool and clear. Merced River exceptionally high as is general water table Valley floor. Much standing water along roads and trails, lush vegetation. Overnight stop Camp 19. June 29 Left Valley at noon for Tioga Pass, lunch Tuolumne Meadow 2:30 P.M. Tuolumne River forming large flood lobes over broad meadow. Much snow on perches and down slopes. Tioga Pass 3:15 P.M. Snow depth along road near the Pass height of car. Many and Bill Hood reported depth here of 10 feet a week ago (near parking lot south of Entrance Station). Dora Meadows still 3/4ths covered with snow. Birds House, larger Tuolumne Meadows District, estimates a melt of several feet [illegible] few days. From my experience of past two summers, the season is about three weeks later than 1954 or 1955. Cornus out and breeding but only vicinity of study pond where standing water available.
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ELK Aridatum 1956 Journal June 29 Tioga Pass - sunny afternoon but strong cool breeze. Sky clouded up eastern 1/2 of sky late afternoon. Collected '9' adults, recently laid eggs, and a series of "yearling" trout at the pond edge. Single C-60 trapped adult -> recovered on surface, first detected with scintillometer, then seen. Other marked crawdad (no radioactive tag) recovered - see B. Currie's account. Heavy melt-off in meadow. Left Tioga 6 P.M. supper briefing, than north via U.S. 395 to Bridgeman. Drove north past Sierra Pass road (State 8 & 395) junction its relatively new State Hwy 89 westward past Heaton Lake to State No. 4. Glenn to Woodfords. Information County Road maintenance station, 3/4 mi. south of Woodfords, as to accessibility of road between Lower and Upper Blue Lakes. Foreman reported it took about 2 weeks instead of usual 4-5 days to get road open to Lower Blue Lake. Heavy rains caused icing of snow piles. We drove State No. 88 SW to Blue Lakes Road. First stop Faith Valley, 7500 ft., a locality where I collected broods larvae a year ago. More found this time. Bero muscosa adults (2) collected. Clusters of eyes (to re-emerge stage) in slow streams. Next stop at woods side pond Christy Valley, 7700 ft - Bero's trouts more abundant than I've ever seen them, breaking edge of small pools and larger pond. Hydra regilla adults collected streamside
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EL Karlstrom 1956 Journal June 30 found in meadow 1/2 mi. E x SE of The Niggile, 8200 ft. Toads collected here last year - none today. Continued to Lower Blue Lake. Snow drifts along road in Lodgepole pine forest. Road impassable beyond a point 2/3 length from SE end of lake. Only vehicles to make Upper Blue Lake were 4-wheel drive jeep-type command cars. I hiked road over much snow about 2 miles to NW and Upper Lake 3 p.m. Day has been clear and mild with light freezes, ice floating along edges Upper Lake. Heavy erosion on east side, much snow around lake. Heavy melt at NE end has streams flowing over wide surface area. Heavy willow growth. Collected eggs of Bifro crenux, adult (28 and subadult B. borers (4-5), a single o B. crenus under log with three adult borer males. No other crenux found. This is first recognized case of sympatry between species. Alex Colbourn (now of Calif. Fish & Game) had collected a male of each species at Upper Blue Lake but they were both called borers at Stanford museum where I uncovered the fact. Single Hydra also collected. Returned to car at Lower Blue Lake 6 p.m. Watered the angihlas for return trip. Some good-looking finds near west side Carson Pass. Returned home via Jackson, Stockton, Tracy. Arrived Albany 2:30 a.m.
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Field Notes 1956 Species Accounts Amphibians Reptiles
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Amphibians
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Bulfo cornuc June 29 Tioga Pass study area, 9900 ft., Mono Co., Calif. Photographed study area 3:15 p.m. Voigtlender 4x5 camera Blitz-X #1 1/200 at F20 facing N.E. down study area from point 75 yards from station. #2 of study pool (same exposure) #3 facing NW across study pond. 1/100th F=24. Tremendous amount of snow for this date in the season I estimate 4/5 of study area surface has remaining snow cover, on N-facing ridge drifts are to 8-10 feet in depth as revealed by streams cut faces. Study pond has snow broke along E edge but mostly free of snow. I heard out Bulfo both calling 3:30 P.M. (D.S.T.) but no heavy crowsing, sky 2/4 clear with some filmy clouds to east. Bright sun, gale winds up to 30 m.p.h. gusts. Latter makes it difficult to hear amphibian calls. 2 adult males on bare fairly dry ground lee side of change B. albiculus albiruncia 60 yards SW of weather station. Air temp. 14.50C. 1" above ground clearer of we took 15.80C at 4:46 P.M. Both males - no toes clipped. 3rd adult male found to feed from other two. Apparently basking in full sunlight (sun at 30° angle horizon) clearer not gotten since he moved away under a log. Ridge here with pines is an "island" situation between fields of snow. Hibernation site under logs (?)
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EL Karlstam 1956 Bufo cororus June 29 Tirga Pass, 9900 ft., Mono Co., Calif. Study pond double size (length) noted last year. Water flowing very slowly through it. Rain in anglesuz 15 yards E weather station site. In water 3/4
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EL Karlstam 1956 Buffo carorus Tinga Bass June 29 Some juveniles so small I mistook them for spiders also present at edge of pond. I collected a sample of juvenile toads and few [illegible]. These animals are probably part of batch I recorded here August 1955. Growth is very slow first year. I have no evidence that these could have over-wintered in pond. Late August ad October checks showed no more tadpoles in pond last year. Voightlander Blue-X #4,5,6 facing E across study pond, 4:30 P.M. I returned to study pond area with the Scintillometer. One animal picked up by instrument about 25 yards N x NW of weather station site at NE corner of study pond (RF2, RH4, LH4) adult >>. Background noise between 40-60 c.p.s. (counts/second). I got a reading of 80-90 c.p.s. from toad 3-4 feet away and saw him just about the same time. Reading go with instrument just over him 2000 c.p.s. (fairly weak - just over one m.|hr.) Toad appears as healthy or other untagged moles gotten in area. The C60 tag lies directly above me, slightly to right side. It is loosely held in that position presumably by connective tissue. However, it was easily moved about under the skin by slight pressure of my fingers. I kept toad for observation. Second adult >>(RF3,LH4,RH4) 5 yards from
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EL Karlstrom 1956 Bufo carorus June 29 Turgs Base - first, I cannot find the C60 tag although this toad is "hot" registering about 1000 c.p.s. with scintillometer. Incision healed but some discoloration left around area. Toad appears healthy. A third tree-clipped adult o> recovered (RF 184) but I must have goofed on recording this animal on my data sheets. No record of this tree-clipping. Also found at NE corner of study pond. I found no adult toads outside of the ridge toe (rear tree "X" my map) and at the study pond. Carorus of toads at pond or in it: 8 od. F in angulatus, 2 unattached. 8 " o> paired above plus about 15- unattached males. Odd those males rear tree "X". Total 10 F+2 , 2B o> or 36 adults. Numerous "yearling" juveniles at pond edge. Snow melt water in cross near study pond not used for breeding - probably too cold at 5-7o C. Study pond will eggs in it down to 15o C. at this time. I also found one Hyla o> in angulatus with a carorus F. No other tree-frog adults seen in or along pond, but males calling intermittently from sites in grass.
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EL Kardatum 1956 Buffo conuue June 30 Upper Blue Lake, 8100 ft., Alpine Co. Calif. 40 yards NW of lake edge at extreme north end of lake. Eggs found first in shallow (tr 3") sees 10 x 20 yards. Eggs over are 3'x 15", mostly in two puddles not more than 1 1/2" deep, 1/2 to 3/3rds of eggs swollen and grayish. Air temp 1" above water 17.8o C. Water 1/2" below surface 23.6o C. at 4:03 P.M. (D.S.T.) Bright sun, cloudy sky but brisk NW wind. Vaughlder Blue-X #7 facing E over a pool where eggs discovered. Peaks in background, a jutting peak. Discovery of these eggs confirms sympatry of conuue and loreae at this locality, as indicated by two adult birds in Stanford collection (both had been cataloged as B. loreae). Adult -> found under log 16' x 8" along with 3 adult -> loreae and unattacked gravid & brood. Water flowing, to 2" depth under log. I took a photograph (Vaughlder 4x5 #8) of site facing SE toward lake. First known sympatry of conuue lack of active conuue this afternoon suggest a small population. Conditions appear right for this siurnal beast to be out breeding in numbers. I sroaged the willow seeps and checked ponds, under logs, etc. for a good hour. Two adult -> loreae were out in the water near the lake edge, but about 26 others were collected under logs. Conuue breeding site typical for species - shallow and
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EL Karsten 1956 Bufo canorus June 30 Upper Blue Lake, 8100 ft., Alpine Co., Coly. - silty. Also located 40 yards from edge of lake. Broods were concentrated near edge of lake, and breeding probably occurs along the grassy margin where streams enter. This could represent ecological separation in preference for breeding sites. However, I would be surprised if some hybrid moties do not occur at this locality. July 30 Paul K. Anderson reports canorus breeding at west side of Saddlebag Lake, 10,051 ft., Mono Co., Coly. on July 29. Some recently hatched embryos. Adults also seen along stream area between Emness Glacier and Saddlebag Lake, about 11,000 feet. The breeding stage suggests a later season. Paul says that there was lots of snow around Saddlebag, chunks falling into the lake. Still some snow along Terga Lake, too, and patches in Pass area.
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ELKadstern 1956 Bufo boreas Richard Feb. 7 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W of Civic Center, Central Costa Co., Calif. - Dyla first heard along railroad tracks again SW of Albany Hill about two weeks ago. Gerry Robinson and I made a check of Richard pond sites 9:15-10:15 P.M. tonight. Weather warmed up past four days. Air ting. Tonight varied between 8-10° C., no freeze. The ponds A & B are small lakes after excessive winter rainfall. We quietly approached pond B from N end where a ditch of water almost extends to Sanford Street. No toads heard but Dyla in loud chorus. Adult toads out in water. One ♂ croaked 11.5° C. at 9:20 P.M. Water temp. 11.8° C. Air 1" above wet grass at edge of pond 9.6° C. We began a census of pond B, covering 2/3 area of pond border and over shallow south end (pond about 125 yards length) approx. count: 46 ad. ♂, 4 ad. ♀ and all in anglexia. No toads out of water. None toe-digged, and we did not dig any toads tonight. Pond A likewise high with water but less spread out since it lies in a deeper bowl between raised railroad beds. More toads seen here along borders of entire pond. Estimate 75 ♂, 6 ♀ all adult and all in the water. One smallish but breeding size ♀ found unat- tested. All other ♀'s in anglexus. No calls heard. Greatest concentration of toads at NE
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EL Karlstuen 1956 Buffo lunea Richmond (cont.) Feb. 7 edge of pond where shallow water (few to 10-12") fails to cover sedge and grasses. Here seemed to be a toad every 3-4 feet on the average. Two pairs in complexus. To count the toads and check for dipped toes I picked them up and then tossed them out toward deeper water of pond. Returning to this area of concentration after an absence of 3-4 minutes I would find again as many toads in the shallows (where they couldn't have returned). The animals habit of diving for the bottom when disturbed means almost every other toad is not picked up when one dives a light into an area. There could easily have been 200 adults in pond A alone. I did not see eggs where complexing pairs found, although 1xyla cluster (only one found) in pond A had embryos in free-swimming stage. Toad eggs probably available, but it would appear that Buffo breeding is just getting underway. Sexual dimorphism checked when pairs found. O's are more greenish on the average whereas F's tend toward grayish g.c. and possibly more large spots or reticulative. O's smoother skinned and have greater degree webbing trail feet. Some pattern and sex dichromism about 3/4 pairs looked at, but it couldn't be relied upon in all cases. Three toads, 1 F and 2 O's removed
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(this) hunched (or it stuff). This wobble valve has to get fixed before salt coming the other way at all. Squirt off. It's tough. I guess you have to do it. What else comes up? Explains one way out you not liking a sort happens my looks for nature, yeah, haven't this right breath with the tolerant of our self at familiar, long for long then a story, H-2, if I make me style again). Wobbles sit in short queue, no more Lula Jones etc. (familiar and little gets powerful talkable value method, it's my friend to who you liking the one that will give Linda this sort. Are we not high a spiral too make A long in subtle 005 real real clean any goodly on your age can far but I (hung on for) subtle style wobbles, being gotta find myself an expert look at boy in down to talk, did-dare off-hand you treat gutter this or similar stuff but maybe growable. Long away like Lula, wildcat Louis, closer square off on thing won no a 60 getting the sort of looking honest that it? alterno a 60. Whitewater in shape good one off but golden ring, they not be hands up? I think now-and-then are the matter, and again taken at future to, find, to behold
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EL Karlstam 1956 Bufo boreas Richard Feb. 7 and A where they had been two-digged March 1955 (see data sheets). Feb. 8 Amphelorus pair kept at 16-17°C in cold room. One pair produced spawn in our last night. Eggs resulted and high % fertile, used for Zoology 1B. Series of adults (all in amphelus) were run against the standards I set up for systematic analysis of dorsal types. Fresh material corres- panded closely to Richard preserved toads previously analyzed. The method agrees well. Dorsal dichromia again showed up. Of special interest is the lightening of the green ground color of the moles when they are in amphelus. Become a yellow green, several shades lighter than those moles kept in some aquarium but not "jacked up" by mating close with ♀'s. William Prema for reported this lightening ("graying") phenomenon in breeding Rana torosa (?) males. The light color is lost within 5-10 minutes after male separated from ♀. Some of the dorsal melanin may also be contributed to deeper layers, but the obvious effect is the change in ground color. Feb. 28 Pair in amphelus again kept at room temps. in lab. Female still retains eggs. No noticeable lightening of ♀'s green color. Laid of retention in ice box (3-4°C.) could have dulled their urges?
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EL Karlstom 1956 Bufo boreas March 3 Richland locality - arrived here 5:15 P.M. Day clear, sunny but with cool winds. Water level even higher than previous (Feb. 7) visit. East and south margin of pond A surveyed. Hydn lodgole2 to 18-20 mm. total length but sense. Toid louae have hatched out, and maximum size about 14-15 mm. total length. The tode are so scattered that a half dozen hatchers would be expected - yet numbers of tode not high. The rise of a few inches in pond level and some cold snaps might account for the lack of reproductive success to date in pond A. Interestingly enough, I found no egg strings at all. All corous were from swimming stage ( mm.) to 5:35 P.M. larger. No adults seen. Water 16.5° C. Air. 12.5°c. Continued search of switten rock of pond B. Shallow sedge area had 3 groups of fairly recently laid egg strings (embryos to debastula stages). One group strung out over a roughly circular area 8½-10 feet across - may be from one female. Water shallow here with a maximum depth of 4 inches. Eggs at varying depths from ½" to bottom. Water temp. 15.8° C. 1" below surface. Air above water 11.0° C. at 5:50 P.M. No hatched-out larvae seen west & south edge pond B. No adults out on land yet, although RR embankment has aboded this pond area for
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EL Kadiatin 1956 March 3 Richard locality - close to or four at least. Sun actually sets at about 6 P.M. (S.T.) I found a single adult >> in the water west edge of pond B. It's movement under the mat of algae gave it's presence away. cloacal temp. 13.5 deg C, same as surface water layers. This was only food discovered 5:15-6:00 both years. One adult Hylo seen, several heard. Breeding probably continues, but today these birds show their nocturnal ways.
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ELK andatum 1956 Boone Colorado Bufo (canarensis) March: letter from T.B. Moslin at Colorado dated 27 Feb. 1956. In reply to my questions regarding habits of Toads Colorado, Moslin reports all are montane, above 7000 feet, and the habits are almost identical to B. canorus (which he has seen in the Sierra). Active both day day and by night. Eldora specimens nocturnal at Rainbow Lakes, 20 or 30 miles to north, were collected during the day. See letter for more remarks on problem - and remarks concerning Blue Lake locality label. April 3 RCS turned over to me some B. boreas from southern California. Od. 07 7571 RCS 3 mi. N, 1 mi. W Victor- ville, San Bernardino Co March 24, 1956. 3 toads received from Timothy Gee (undergrad in Zoology) ELK 870-872 from Los Angeles. Color notes separate sheet. Litter collected 9:00 P.M. March 31 following showers 6:30-7:30 P.M. 4-5 toads from L.A. River.
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1956 Bufo boreas boreas April 12 Notes from letters T. Paul Maslin at University of Colorado. 27 Feb. 1956. "In regard to the species in this area t the toad is strictly a montane form not occurring below 7000 feet. Its habitat is almost identical to that of B. b. canoris but the largest specimens are often found in the woods surrounding swampy meadows and beaver ponds. I have found them active both by day and by night. The specimens from Eldora were all nocturnal and actively hunting when they were collected. But the specimens from Rainbow Lakes some 20 or 30 miles fart farther north were collected during the day." to RCS 7 April 1956. re: additional specimens sent by Maslin. "This material was collected by students/... and look as though it had been in formalin too long. There are 12 (actually 11) specimens from the warm spring which is located on the Warm Springs Ranch, 10 miles southwest of Fairplay, Park Co., Col and the elevation is about 10,500 feet. All of these speci- mens were collected during the day sometime in the mid- dle of September. The other lot of specimens from Rain bow Lakes were also diurnal and actively feeding around the periphery of the lake. "If your man wants more specific data on how to reac reach the warm spring I can supply him with a map. It is difficult to find."
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El Karstina 1956 Buffo boreas April 21 Mojave River 9:40 p.m. Bull-dozed area adjacent to cotton delta along the river. Calls of B. microcephalus brought me to this area, some 75 yards in width. Tall cottonwoods border the river on both sides. Hylo clamis active. Bob Steblins took a couple of & microcephalus up on dryish sand. Bull-frogs abundant river margin. Small adult ? boreas in puddle 2" deep left by bulldozer. Choral was 14.5°C.; water 16.2°C air 12.8°C. At 9:45 I heard the tremulous notes of an other ? bores. It turned out to be 10 yards from the first. Again the notes are similar to great notes but softer and more melodious. Color a grayish-tan very similar to muddy silt. Other male gravel, smooth-shined. Same to large size (about 85-90 mm.) In several occasions I saw male bores within a foot or two of male or female microcephalus, but the size difference was striking. However, at 10:15 I sounded out a calling grunt of the latter species. No bores notes heard here. In the zone 45 feet from danger (to 1 1/2 feet) main stem I found a ? boreas tightly clasping a large ? microcephalus. Water 2" deep, a shallow slow-moving overflow area for main stem. Sedges scattered, to 14" height. Water temp., 15.7°C at 10:20 p.m. Choral of bores 14.8°C. Air
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EL Kalstein 1956 Bufo boreas April 21 12.1°C. Pair removed to bottle. Now I discover & dead and bloated which account for her great girth. Later I removed the ovaries provided another living microcephalus & but the larvae was not inclined to close her. Both left overnight in a gallon jug. The ecological separation of larvae and micro- cephalus must be on a temporal basis; certainly the species are utilizing the same breeding water. However, I found 3 pairs of micro- cephalus in impoundment but not a single adult & boreas of the nine I collected. Both Bufo utilize similar breeding water – shallow, slower moving river margin or puddles and ponds on an scraped-over middle river area (X on sketch). cotton woods [illegible] main flow 75 yards Earten leaves 6" high Bullfrogs tend to favor sedge at stream margin but some found alongside Bufo in shallow water. Hyla chrys is nervous but males not seen since they call from flowing or standing water within sedge cover. No eggs or larvae seen tonight.
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Elkarsten 1956 Buffa brooz April 22 Southwest edge of Baldwin Lake, 6674 ft. San Bernardino Co., Caly. We arrived at the lake (presently a dry playa with numerous tire tracks raising the dust) about 11:30 A.M. First checked out retaining ponds at N end, then skirted the lake shore dry dirt road to south and southwest. (Joe Goodman of Redlands College indicated to PCS that he'd taken brooz here. One small spring seep yielded a juvenile toad collected by Dick Edwin quarter mile distant a larger pool yield recently hatched out larvae. Water depth 1½" where eggs found. Eggs spread over area 2½ x 1 foot. Air temp. 24.1°C. at 12:20 P.M. Water 1" beneath surface 26.8°C. Sample taken. This pond not over 3 miles deep and about 40 feet across. Dry lake shore 50 yards to NE. Larger roadside pond near to SW neck of Lake. 50-90 yards x 35 mil probably 2-3 feet deep middle. Dick Edwin found 2 subadults 110-50 mm. 5-V) in oozy mud under section of dry 2 feet across. charcoal of ore 23°C. Substrate 11.5°C. in rodent burrow opening. log 6 feet from water's edge. Air temp. 19.1°C. Strong, cool coastal wind; blue skies scattered billowy clouds 12:35 P.M. Big Bear Lake. The upper part of Big Bear Lake is separated by an earthen dam. Water is limited to shallow ponds several acres in extent but maximum depth under one foot. Air Temp. 16.5°C.
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EL Karlstrom 1956 Bufro larrea April 22 Big Ben Lake, 6750 ft., S. B. Co., Calif. at 1:45 P.M. Water ranges 23-25° C. 1" breadth surface. On the south side the ponds are separated from the scattered yellow (Jeffrey, too?) pine stand by 150 yards and probably a similar distance to the north. Sedges green at pond bottom, to a foot height. No frogs or spawn found, although extensive ponds seem suitable habitat. Water extends 300-400 yards E and W and a maximum of 100 yards across. I covered about 150 yards of pond edge. Adults and subadults dug out of soft earth near ponds upper part Matcalf Bay on Big Ben Lake. June 29 Ahwahnee Miler, 4100 ft., Yosemite Valley, Calif. 9:50 A.M. Visit has bright warm morning. The water table is very high. Estimate of depth where I had my 1955 depth-measuring stick is 4½ feet. High water table results in extensive deep water on south side of road to the River. Sedges and grasses thick and lush, height to 4-5 feet many clumps. Study ponds A & B now continuous ponds of water. Log at SE end of pond A completely submerged. Hyla tadpoles abundant, may just about ready to emerge third legs well developed. No Bufo toads observed either last night or today. Adult ? (spawned out?) found active in deep grasses. Closeal 25.6° C. at 10:05 A.M. (C.D.S.T.) Air 1" above substrate 26° C. (bulb shaded) No breeze, but clear day.
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ELKordstine 1956 June 30 Upper Blue Lake, 8100 ft., Alpine Co., Calif. NE side of lake, 1/2 nd distance of lake from upper (NW) end. Two toads jumped in lake from edge as I approached along road. Basking adult O> 23.4°C. on wet soil full sunlight. Air temp 1" above substrate 18.8° C. Substrate 25.8° C. Buller giant under soil. Water 1" below surface 16.0°C. Where toad jumped, snow along nearly entire border of lake but patchy on this exposed side. Margin of lake still frozen in places. Westerly winds now have piled up ice at lee side of lake. Heavy melt and earth slides have torn out wood many places NE side of lake. Heavy stream and surface run-off slope below The Needle and willows, give over NW end lake. Poi in angulus under trough 6' x 6" half buried in bog. Closest of O> 16°C. Air temp (buller strided) 1" above wet grass 17.8° C. 4:25 P.M. Trotter ad. O> 6" from poi'. 30 feet from edge lake. Temp edge of lake 14.5° adjacent to small (12'x15' x 6') snow patcher. Temp 1" below surface 6' out in water 6" deep (possible breeding site with sedges) 18.4° C. Two adult molde found in water at lake edge. Another log 16 x 8" ten feet from one just described. Adult O> B. carinus with 3 O> larve are unattached & loose (gravid) First known proven case of sympastiy for two species. How symastic con you get ?! Air ad water temp same as
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El Karlstrum Bufo boreas June 30 Upper Blue Lake, 8100 ft, Algine Co., Caly. recorded previous log. Water flowing, to 2" deep under log, 18.5° C. Vaughtlander #8 closeup of site facing SE. The first boreas I found were under a log 8-10' x 1' lying 40 feet from edge of lake, no less than 17 adult toads in water to 1½" deep under log. I collected whole group. Two other adult toads found in water about 6" deep at lake margin. Later I found 3 subadults in surface seep among low willow growth about 50 yards up from lake. Boreas exhibit its lack of diurnality even at this elevation and under existing cool conditions and high water. 25 of 33 toads were found under logs, including one pair in anglefuz. Air temp. 1" above wet meadow were 16-19° C. from about 3:15-5 p.m. in area. No boreas eggs found. Lack of additurs (usually no diurnal) causes a puzzle. This might suggest that boreas out-conjects canorus in this local area at least (?)
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EL Kalstein 1956 Hyla crucifer April 23 mouth of Tahquitz Canyon near Palm Springs, Riverside Co., Calif. 9:40 p.m. my first encounter with this species. Chorus heard from about 250 yards from our camping site outside of Palm Springs. Warm, still, moon-lit night (full moon). The stream tumbles out here into numerous pools to 3-4 feet depth. Adult calling from mud banks, 3 miles from still water edged pool 8 x 16 feet. Hyla fresh water. A smallish mottled grayish hylid which gave a good bright eye-shine in my head lamp. Air temp. 20.3° at 9:46 p.m. Water 1" beneath surface 17.5°C. Call a short inflected rasping blast and each lasting about ½ second. More of a "whining" tone than Hyla and uniform in trial quality. From a distant male it sounds more like a short squawk. Different pitches from different individuals. One may call repeatedly, about 12 calls in 10 seconds and then be silent another 15 seconds before beginning again. Another variant is a lower br-a-a-a-a which sounds like the frog is not warmed up. Favorite calling station appears to be stream mud banks, forcing water. Escape by diving into pool and swimming quickly to bottom and then to edge of pool. 3 miles calling from margins of a deep pool, artificially dammed up for a swimming hole. Pool 40 feet across, probably 5 feet deep middle. One pair incomplete. I sought to escape into bushes. It's better cover of overhanging bushes to large extent. Hardly captured about six.
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El Karlstein 1956 Bufor microcephalus April 21 Mojave River, 3 mi N, 2 mi W Victorville, S.B. C. Bob Stobbs found a couple of adult females up on dry sandy surface some 30 yards from running water in the river. I worked downstream from cage site to a large flattened area where the river bottom had been scraped to build cage on earthen levee. Small ditches and pools over an area 75 yards across and extending for hundreds of yards. Bufor braeus, B. microcephalus, R. catesbeiana and Hyla regilla all active. The soft trill of microcephalus lasts about 8-9 seconds. Terminates abruptly. An extremely rapid note, soft and ventriloquial as I write on adult is a foot from my leg and quite undisturbed. The irregular black spots on the gray-tan ground & color offer quite disruptive. No nasal stygie whatsoever. Cloacal of this ♀ 16.3°C at 9:57 P.M. Water 18.1°C in puddle 1½" deep 8x10 feet length and width. More males heard calling from NW (?) side of river. One pair in angulatus and one dead ♂ caught by male braeus (see B. braeus notes). When held, the ♂ microcephalus vibrates without any loud trill. Vocal sac round to oval, whitish. Angulatus pectoral ad like braeus. The eye shine of these toads is reddish and not brilliant like some other anurans.
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Elkaddston 1956 Bufo punctatus April 24 mouth of Tahquitz Canyon, 1 mile SW of Palm Spring, Riverside Co., Calif. 9:25 P.M. We started to make camp for the night and first heard the long sustained trill of this toad from about 250 yards away. Locality on some creek about 100 yards further downstream than where I collected Hyla arenicolor last evening. Calls ceased as I approached a wide shallow place in creek. No more than one or two males had been trilling. First eye-shine I got with large net on adult on a small exposed granite boulder. Air temp. 21.2°c. at 9:35 P.M. Water 1" beneath surface 20.0°c. Brilliant full moon. Another toad seen 6 feet from first, also on a small boulder. Stream 45 feet across, boulder-stream and no deeper than 8-10" at any one place. Second toad wouldn't respond to my efforts to call him, so I collected the ovovip. These were only toads I saw along a hundred yards of stream. Hyla arenicolor called from above and below the toads, but tree-frogs were not in immediate vicinity. Rather open situation where toads found with relatively gentle sloping banks and less stream edge vegetation than places I observed Hyla
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Elkardeterm 1956 Utah stansburana April 21 Hwy 466 SE x E Bokenfield "15 mi. SE Bokenfield" - see Stibbins notebook Lizards abundant over rocky outcrops but difficult to noise. 2:15 P.M. Hot sun filtering through thin cloud formation. I noted two in osa plus one adult => Sceloporus occidentalis. Stibbins & Eakin noted a single individual of each species. Area studded with granite outcrops. RCS reported an old locality reputed to Grinnell by Lyzells of a gecko "15 miles SE of Bokenfield." This area could be the locality but none has ever been taken here, according to Stibbins. Bottoms of sandy woods moist. Some daisies, Phedina, a mint still in bloom.
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El Kadatum 1956 masticophis lateralis April 21 Hwy 466 at Clear Creek, 12 mi NW Tahoma, Kern Co. 4:25 P.M. Snake lying on top of light gray granite boulder. 4'x3' and 10" above grass surface. Top of ridge 90 feet east of small flowing creek. Animal undoubtedly basking in exposed position to get benefit of late afternoon hazy sun. Ovacal temp. 26.5° C. Rock surface 30.8° C. Air 24.2°C. one inch above rock (bulbs shaded). Snake active adult over two feet long.
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