Antartica field notes, v1468

Maher, William J.

Unknown

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

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Maher, W. J. 1960 - 1961 Catalogue #1636 - #1779 Antarctica

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Maler 1960 Catalogue Nov. 1 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. 1636 ♀ Pygoscelis adeliae wt. 1450gm. Juv. found dead 1637 ♀ Aptenodytes forsteri wt. 47 Brood patch. 1638 ♂ " " wt. 52 1639 ♀ Cathartes macrourus? wt. 650gm Toots 5x1mm 1640 ♂ Pygoscelis adeliae wt. 1375gm Juv. found dead (incl. R.F.(ll2)) 1641 ♀ " " wt. 4700gm Toots 38x29 1642 ♀A " " wt. 4900 gm (found dead) Lgrm 35mm 1643 ♂A. " " wt. 5300 gm (found dead) Toots 40.3x27 1644 " " wt. 1075gm Juv. found dead. Nov. 4 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. shel. 1645 ? Pygoscelis adeliae (found dead + partly eaten by steed) Nov. 7 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. 1646 ♂A Pygoscelis adeliae wt.? Toots 44x21 Shells ovroundnut 1gfd 35mm (found dead) 1647 ♀A " " wt. 3862 (found dead) Nov. 9 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. shel - 1648 ? Aptenodytes forsteri wt. 56 lb. Brood patch 266 gm Fat: VH Storm. Shel - 1649 ♀ Pagodroma nivea wt. 307 T.18.4x14.0 Contour Fat: H Storm empty 16.4x13.6 Fat: VH Storm empty (would fare) WT. 302 Own 4 mm Saved Fat: VH Storm empty 1650 ♂ " " WT. 263 T.16.4x13.6 Fat: Exc. Storm empty 1651 ♂ " " WT. 276 Fat: H 4.2 mm Mould Contour Fat: VH Mount contour WT. 301 T.16.4x11.6 Storm empty Fat: H Storm empty 1652 ♀ " " WT. 307 T.16.1x12.0 Fat: H Storm empty 1653 ♂ " " WT. 255 T.15.7x11.7 Fat: H Storm Saved 1654 ♀ " " WT. 285 T.16.5x12.0 Fat: H Storm Empty 1655 ♂ " " WT. 260 Juv = 6 mm Mould 1656 ♂ " " 1657 ♂ " " 1658 ♂ " " 1659 ♀ " "

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Maly 1960 Catalogue Nov. 9 (cont.) Del 1660 ♂ Papodroma nivea 1661 ♂ " 1662 ♀ " 1663 Catharacta maccornucii: wt. 1385gm brood pated Nov.21 Prionis Preuper, Cape Hallett Antarctica. 1664 ♂ Papodroma nivea WT. 259.5 T. 16.8x11.6 Fat. H. Storm empty 1665 ♂ " 1666 ♀ " 1667 " 1668 ♂ " 1669 ♂ Catharacta maccornucii WT. 1350 T.25.9x11.2 (pup) 1670 ♂ " 1671 ♂ " 1672 ♀ " Nov.25 1673 ♀ Leptonychites weddelli (catering?) TL=237 1674 ♀ " (pup) TL=158 Nov.23 1675 Pygoscelis adeliae egg - Complete clutch: 1 egg Nor.26 1676 Pygoscelis adeliae egg. WT. 39.3 grams. (Nov.25) 1677 " Nov.28 1678 " 1679 " 1680 "

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Males 1960 Catalogus Nov. 27 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. 1679 Pygoscelis adeliae, egg; 2 egg clutch 1680 " 1681 " Nov. 29 1682 ♀ Catharita maccormicki WT. 1725 gm Ova 1/4". One ruptured. 1683 ♀ " 1684 ♀ " 1685 " 1686 " 1687 Pagodroma nivea, 1 egg (probably 1 year old) 1688 " 1689 ♀ " 1690 ? " Dec 2 1691 ♀ Pygoscelis adeliae WT. 3990 gm Skeleton Nov. 29 1692 ♀ Pagodroma nivea WT. 229.0 Ova 6.8 mm Skim empty Dec 2 1693 Pygoscelis adeliae egg found frozen out of nest. bb 1694 " Dec 6 1695 ♂ Pygoscelis adeliae, wt. 1696 ♀ " 1697 ♂ " WT. 95.7 Died in egg "hi" peck hole Yolk sac 17.5 gm Dec 5 1698 ♀ Pygoscelis adeliae WT. 4.2 Kilos (Shel)

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Maker 1960 Catalogue Dec 16 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. (5/1016) 1699 Skull upstil found in skerary Dec.19 1700 ? Catharacta maccormickii wt. 87.7 right side head 1701 8 Pygoscelis adeliae wt. 219.7 gm Dec 22 Cape Hallett Antarctica 1702 8 Pygoscelis adeliae wt. 143.6 gm 1703 8 " " wt. 85.8 gm 1704 8 " " wt. 80.0 gm 1705 8 wt. 97.5 gm Dec 25 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. 1706 8 Pygoscelis adeliae wt. 623 gm. Dec 26 1707 Leptonychotes weddellii Skull. found in porgauney. Dec 29 1708 ? Catharacta maccormickii wt. 79 Young chal of pair 308. Died the day after being brought Jun 7 1709 8 Catharacta maccormickii wt. 198 date T.1526 1710 ? " " wt. 61 some yolk sac 1711 " " wt. 373 Fat. Light. Jun 10 1712 8 " " Fat bird. wt. 869 still warm, when found. Note: Chal of nest 332 dead Join 17 1713 8 509-81966 Fat heavy. Several body mould--see note 1714 8 Catharacta maccormickii 993 gm. Males. Fat Heavy Jun 20 1715 8 Catharacta maccormickii 570 gm Fat none (Cretchen)

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Meber 1961 Catalogue Jan 6 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. fauna no. 306 Found dead. 1716 ♀ Catharacta maccormicki. WT. ? Fat. Crippled from birth. Jan 13 Cape Adare, Antarctica: Broad path. Moult. ex. nests. 1717 ♂ Macronectes giganteus WT. 4100gm T. 9X4 Fat. Mod. No brood patted to ? 1718 ♀ " " WT. 4750g Moult - Sam. natia Houset. ex. nats. Sperm: good + for prog. 1719 ♂ " " WT. 4100 Fat. none T. 13X8 Houset.-Sam. Sperm scant 1720 ♀ " " WT. 4925 Fat. Mod. T. 13X9 Jan 23 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. 1721 ♂ Catharacta maccormicki. wt. 220 T. 1X3 Jan 28 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. 509-81972 Found dead. 1722 ♀ Pygoscelis adeliae WT. 4000gm Jan 24 1723 ♀ " " wt 3710 Cell. Pro. Hallett 1724 ♂ " " wt 1750 1725 ♀ " " wt 2615 1726 ♀ Oceanites oceanicus WT. 40.0 Broadpath - large? Jan 25 1727 ♀ Pygoscelis adeliae WT. 2725 < 1 mm 1728 ♀ " " WT. 2106 1729 ♀ " " No. 509-81975 3400 Ova 4 mm. cel. Jan 24 1730 ♀ Pygoscelis antarctica WT. 4000gm Jan 30 1731 ♀ Pygoscelis adeliae WT. 4575 81991 Ova Exp. 3. Fat. L. 1732 ♂ " " 4100 81992 Fat. L. T. 19X8 1733 ♂ " " 3900 81990 Fat. L. T. 18X9 1734 ♀ " " 4325 81986 Ova Exp. 2 - Fat. L. 1735 ♂ " " 4225 977 T. 24X6

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Maly 1461 Catalogue 1756 ♂ Pygoscelis adeliae wt. 3950 T: 14×7 8/1984 Feb 2 Cape Adare, Antarctica Catharacta maccormicki: wt. 1275g Feb 1 Cape Adare, Antarctica 1757 ♂ Macronectes giganteus wt. 4800 T=11×9 Feb 6 Cape Hallett, Antarctica 1758 ♂ Oceanites oceanicus wt. 334 T=4mm Fat: Mod. 1759 ♂ " wt 38.1 Fat: Not Feb 7 1760 ♂ " " wt 38.0 t. 3mm from Fat N-V Feb 8 Cape Hallett, Antarctica 1761 ♂ Catharacta maccormicki wt. 1428 T=11.9×9.3 Fat: Mm Pair 204 L. Y-0 1762 ♂ " " Storm Krill 1450 T=11.2×5.4 Fattled Pair 206 R. R-Y 1763 ♂ " " Storm Supply. 1300 T=9.5×4.8 Fat: N-V Pair 42 Unbanded 1764 ♀ " (Could see mates on all 4) 1375 over 3mm Fattled Chick 102 from 307 1765 ♀ " wt. 1019 Fat: N-V See mates Feb 13 Cape Hallett, Antarctica ♀ Catharacta maccormicki wt. 1400 over 4mm. Feb 16 Cape Hallett, Antarctica Broad patel present. 1766 ♀ Oceanites oceanicus wt. 40.0 g Fat: N-V found dead Feb 19 Cape Hallett, Antarctica 1767 ♀ Lobodon carcinophaga wt.? Skull tabulitorn Stomach saved. Stomach 1768 ♀ " wt.? Total length 71 inches (Coelom winged bird, Stomach filled (see diet)) 1769 ♀ Catharacta maccormicki wt. 985. Feb 22 1770 Catharacta maccormicki wt. 527 died (2-3 days) the date

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Make 1961 Catalogue Feb. 14 Cape Hallett, Antarctica 1971 ♀ Carharati maccomichi wt. 1446 Like Mar 6 Cape Hallett, Antarctica 1972 ♂ Pagodroma nivea wt. 276.0 Fat VH Storm: E 1973 ? " " 128.0 LC. Sound dead 1974 ♀ " " 195.0 VH 1975 ♀ " " 264.0 VA 1976 ♂ " " 212.0 Storm: fresh bent, mazed 1977 ♀ " " 178.0 Heavy Jan 13 Cape Adare, Antarctica 1978 Hydrurga leptonyx Skull 1979 Leptonychotes weddellii Skull

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Maher, W. J. 1960-1961 Journal Antarctica

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Maker 1960 Journal Oct. 31 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Arrived yesterday Oct. 30 at 12.40 P.M. I should before proceeding with a description of this station make a few notes on the trip down line day by day. Oct. 22. Sat. Left Travis Air Force Base at 10:30 A.M. via Mats. Flew to Honolulu, landed at Wilkam Field near Pearl Harbor. Actually landed at the civilian air strip nearby + topped for 15-20 minutes to the MATS Terminal at Wilkam. The flight took (10-10.5) hours. Landed after dark so that I saw nothing of the islands from the air. Honolulu was hot & humid, should have brought short-sleeved shirt + light pants for the stay. Left on next leg of journey the following day at 2:30 P.M. (Oct 23). Took a picture of field as we boarded or a couple from the air after take-off. The flight to Christchurch, New Zealand took 24 hours. We made 2 stops, at Canton Island & Fiji. Both stops were made after dark- so that I have no impression whatever of what the islands were like.

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Hobey 1960 Journal Oct. 31 (Cont.) Canton was completely lack. Soil appeared sandy with much crushed coral about the base. No trees seen except 2, one on either side of the entrance to the Terminal building, coconut palms. Ate a meal at the mess hall, $2.50, chicken rice. Spent about an hour. Flight to here about 9-10 hours. Fiji, four to 5 hours from Canton. A large commercial airport. Terminal building so new & modern. Fijians in white shorts & skirts served no coffee in the lounge, at 15¢ per cup. I walked about outside. The sky was clean & dark. I haven't seen a sky so black & so transparent so that it gave an illusion of depth, in years. The flight to Christchurch from these lands about 8 hours. It became light about halfway there. We hit N.Z. on the N.E. coast of north island. Views of the island were fragmentary because of a partial cloud cover. Saw more of South Island. A high beautiful perfect

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May 1960 Journal Oct. 31 (cont.) volcanic peak piercing the clouds. I took several pictures of this, a rugged range of snow capped mountains, which gave way to a beautiful agricultural area, the Canterbury plains. It was late spring in N.Z. and the fields were all new green, the trees just leafed out. The prevalence of Lombardy poplars planted in the hedgerows gave the area a very pronounced north temperate aspect. Landed at 10:30 or so at Christchurch on Oct. 25. In crossing the dateline near midnight we had somehow lost Oct. 24 entirely. I'll have to figure this out sometime. There was no customs inspection of baggage. Our ship records were checked and we did fill out an entry form, also changed some money at the prevailing rate of $2.85 per pound. USARP has an office 150 yards from the terminal. Met Eddie Doolale the USARP representative & Betty Wood an assistant. They had made hotel reservations at the Gainsborough Private Hotel and after we had eaten

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Yale 1960 Journal Oct. 31 (cont.) A lunch at the terminal and gotten our luggage they took us into town to the hotel. I spent 3 days in Christchurch and left on the evening of the 28 for McMurdo Sound. The interval was spent walking about Christchurch which is a beautiful city, visiting the University & the University museum. The latter contains a very superior section on natural history. Habitat groups of N.Z. birds very well done. Also a section on N.Z. palaeontology. There is an excellent addition exhibit also of Maori material. At the University I met an invertebrate Zoologist Frank (?) Knox who is Department Chairman. Bernard Stonehouse is newly arrived on the staff. & had a good talk with Dr. Robert Falla of Wellington Museum was on campus & I met him briefly there. Did my Christmas shopping at a gift shop at the Terminal. This shop had the best selection of New Zealand material I found anywhere. They

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Mably 1960 Journal Oct. 31 (cont.) offered to wrap + ship everything for me. We were summoned to the plane at 8. A.M. on the 28, this loaded aboard + started at 10 A.M. This was the shortest trip I have ever had. After a long warm up + run up of the engine, the pilot gave it full power but just as we were getting up speed he cut the engines, we topped back + were informed that this had been a malfunction of one engine. It was fixed shortly but as we were about to board word got out that all flights were cancelled because of McMurdo weather. Several globe- meetings already off were all turned back + they kept coming in at intervals through the day. Dome had been out for several hours. We were finally off at 10 P.M. At a 2000 + some miles to McMurdo + this took about 10 hours. I was aboard a Constellation super 6. Loaded with VIP's, gentlemen of the press, Admirals etc + about 4 USARP people. Landed at McMurdo at

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JOURNAL Oct 31 (cont.) 7.30 A.M.-a beautiful clear day. Temperature was a few degrees above zero with a breeze blowing. George Toney the USARP representative met us and whisked us off in baggage to the base several miles off. We traveled in a snow cat. VIPs were flown over in helicopters. McMurdo is hectic - the only word for it. There were reputed to be 400+ men in it before the last batch of planes started flying. It is built on a hillside above McMurdo Sound, actually on an island, Ross Island. Met Ardo Meyers in my Barrack. Last saw him in June at Barrow. Curly Wohlschlag is here - he is in charge of the Bio Lab here. Had a good chat with him to get some items of equipment. In afternoon walked over to Scott Base - the New Zealand base located 2 miles away - with Ardo Meyers. Chatted with some of the men. Saw my first Seals, also Weddell seals with pups. Photos of base & of Mt. Erebus, + Weddell Seals.

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Maker 1960 Journal. Oct 31 (cont.) Departed McMurdo at 9.30 A.M. on Oct 30. Flew via C-47 (called by another name in the Navy.) on shice. Dato accelerated take off. Had a good smooth flight some 3 hours for Hallett, perfectly clear rummy at Hallett. Runway is about 2 miles from the base on the bay ice. Dr. Falla was on the flight, also Orion Reed who will be here studying Seas. There is no use attempting to describe Hallett at this point. It is magnificent; that will have to suffice for now. After forcing luggage into sleeping quarters (a gamesway) & laboratory (a gamesway) went for a walk through the penguinery & shenary with Orion Reed, Dr. Falla, Don Douglas Keith (Wise (an N.Z. entomologist)) + one other chap. Saw part of a movie "Meet me in Las Vegas" or some such nonsense after supper. In late evening saw 3 Emperor penguins waling past camp Dr. Falla + I walked out to them. Stock

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Males 1968 Journal Oct 31 (out.) no pictures. 16 others were standing in a group 14 mile away. Went to bed at 10:30 P.M. that evening. Spend the morning writing up the above field notes. After lunch walked out to the s[illegible] + spent about 3 hours pottering + observing + wandering about. Picked up 2 dead penguin chicks on the way in which seem like they would be good specimens. Nov. 1. Hallett Station. Found that the bio-lab was out of bounds all morning because of some tents being conducted there + walked over to the S[illegible]. Spent one hour watching them + then finding I was quite cold I walked over into the penguin colony + joined Mr. Faller + Collin Bailey who were checking for penguin egg. Returned to base with a penguin + a penguin skin I found + then returned to s[illegible] for a second hour before lunch. After lunch skinned a young adelic penguin I had found the yestertoday: Male

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Hale 1960 Journal Nov. 1 a rock to dry skins on over the stove. Then began skinning an Emperor penguin. Don Douglas did m 2 of those we corralled the yesterday evening. Keith wins checked them for live. The skinning took all afternoon & evening with an hour or so out to write letters & let the blood in the carcass clot. Callin Bailey skinned one bird & I the other. Nov. 2 Hallett Station, Antarctica. Wrote up above notes & walked over to Stenay. Spent 2 hours there & catched a ride back at 12 with Gordon Cartwright and Charles Trainor. After lunch cleaned the 2 penguin skins & salted them. This took the bulk of the afternoon. After supper put up the penguin skins I picked up yesterday. A little too dehydrated but it made a fair skin. Nov. 3 Hallett Station, Antarctica. Spent morning writing letters and other rds & ends. In afternoon watched from hillside in Stenay from 1:30 to 5. After supper helped Keith were re erect the net frames also circled over to Stenay to pick up my camera which I had left

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Mahey 1960 Journal Nov. 3 thsere. The day was completely clear + warm. I was able to write with bare hands on the alllacks in absolute comfort. This warm spell - the last 203 days - has started some melting. Bubbles have formed in camp + in low spots in the pengunery. These freeze at night. A beautiful almost full moon one the mouth of the bay. Nov. 4 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Spent the morning in the Skuary, stood To the base by 1 PM for lunch. Took a little over 100 feet of movie of Shaw. After lunch walked out 4 section of robery on slope near cape. Took some movie (250'), spent an hour counting penguins coming into the robery. A shour + beer drinking bout in the evening effectively stuffed all work. Day was again clear until late afternoon when a breeze sprang up + at the same time the wind shifted from S. W. A few clouds moved in + sky was broken by late evening. Nov. 5 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Spent the entire day in camp. In the morning writing notes + near lunch time

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Maler 1960 Journal No. 5 I shinned the last of the young penguins of last year that have been brought in. I was set to go to the station after lunch but we diverted to cleaning out the stored material in our sleeping gameaway hut. This consisted of a large pile of rolls of roofing material which were carried to a nearby hut for storage; the remain of a bar dating from when this was the recreation building; and a large iron boiler. Before supper then I shinned + sheltonized one adult Adelie & spent a large part of the evening repacking the 2 emperor penguin skins for shipment. I think I finally have ate waterproof (relatively) packing. Also performed a little experiment. I took the skin off the adult Adelie in one piece (same shipper 9 feet head) and put it out on the snow for the skuas. By late evening they had cleaned most of the fat off it without doing any damage to the skin. By the next morning (so I write this) they had it virtually all clean with a very few nicks in the skin to show for it. There it may be possible to enlist the skuas in cleaning penguin skins with

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Mable 1968 Journal Nov. 5 some supervision. Day was wery, still & overcast. Nov. 6 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Sunday. Walked out to the large mesa the berg 1/4 mile off camp & photographed a & Weddell Seal at calf. Took both movies and still slides. After lunch walked one Towards cape, took a few feet of pictures of penguins arriving at the colony, & picked up the partly eaten remains of an adult penguin. John Schenetti (?) arrived on the plane & hi, pom Douglas, & Dick Littell (USARP P10) walked about the nearby & the sundry taking pictures. Finished cleaning that penguin carcass & read a bit in the late evening. Nov. 7 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Monday. Spent the latter part of the morning in the Sundry after first writing up notes & doing a few odd & ends. After lunch returned to the Sundry & remained until about 4:30 when I returned to the lab. After supper skinned out a penguin and put the skin - made out - out to be cleaned by the sones. By inspecting it every little while I found out a few-

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Male, 1960 Journal Nov. 7 things about this technique. Foremost I thumb in the necessity of having the skin & fat impregnated. They began tearing the skin a bit but only after it had become hard, whereas at first they had been damitly cleaning it up without hurting it. I dock the skin in for the night so let it soften again before putting it out. The day was mild & partly cloudy. A little breeze made it chilly towards and afternoon. Nov. 8 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Rumor that a plane expected today would be the last one inspired a little writing hinge which I feel all morning. In the afternoon I repaired to the observatory & watched for 2½ hours. It was snowing lightly, in fact had been all day, but a wind sprang up about 3:00 which chilled to my ardom & that of the seaus also. I left about 4 P.M. Finished cleaning the penguin cleaned (+ torn) by the seaus; slinned a second & put it out. In half an hour they had Torn a gaping hole in it. The trouble this time I think was that I had anchored one end of its skin so that when pulling on it

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Mabey 1960 Internal Nov 8 the skin would tear the skin rather than just moving. It would if the skin were lying free. We will give it one more try with the modification. Nov. 9 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. 7 Emperors penguins were sighted just off camp in the morning. Several of us (Ron Dunglas, Keith Wiri, George Meyers) went out & photographed them. I took both movies and [illegible] plates. We then drove one bird to camp & then sacrificed it. George Meyers wanted the blood and I wanted the carcass for a skeleton preparation. Immediately after lunch Collin Barley, K.Wiri and myself took a weasel & drove over to the petrol ciff across the bay. The bay off of the camp is covered by rough ice so we took the road to the airstrip which is situated at the inner end of Edisto Bay & cut across to the ciff. From there. The trip was an easy one, the ice at this part of the bay being smooth & only marked by a few drifts. We reached the cliff at a point near where Keith said that Dr. Fells had seen a few birds. Here we spent perhaps 3 hours climbing about. We found a number of nests or occupied cavities & took 14 birds. We went along the cliff

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Make 1960 Journal Nov. 9 For a mile or so + explored the foot of the glacier at its N-end. Returned to the base at 6 P.M. After supper weighed the snow petals, skeletonized one adelie, shinned a second + shinned & partly skeletonized the emperor penguin. Stayed up until 2 A.M or later listening to the electron returns from the static. Nrr.10 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Up at 8.30. Walked to the comm. shack + found out that Kennedy had indeed finally won. Altogether the day was barren of accomplishment. Before lunch I walked to the cape about a mile from the base. Keith Wise accompanied me. We visited one large sea cave some 30 feet high, 80 wide, and 50-60 feet in b the rear. This was located on the far (N.) side of the first promontory. We walked on to the second one where the cliffs make an almost 90° turn & descend into the falling snow. This section of the cliff produces a beautiful echo + we amused ourselves like idiots shouting at it. Returned to the base at 1 P.M. The rest of the day my accomplishments were - scraping & salting 2 penguin

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Mike 1966 Journal. No. 10 Skive, skeletonizing the adult shear found dead yesterday. I read in Murphy's Oceanic Birds for a while. No. 11 Hallett Station, Antarctica. Began trapping and banding + color marking shears. Brian Reed demonstrated the noose method described by Eklund. We worked right from the doorway of the bio-lab, put a noose of nylon parachute shroud line that baited with ham chunks from the meatball. Worked at this until about 4 in the afternoon and got a total of 20 birds color marked. The records are kept separately from the shear app. account, at back of book). Collin Bailey and Keith were helped in the morning; Chuck Trainor helped me after lunch. Skeletonized 3 Snow petrels in evening. No. 12 Hallett Station, Antarctica (Saturday). Trapped + banded shears in morning with assistance of Collin Bailey. Noticed again that the interest of the birds in the procedure tended to dwindle + that most of the profitable trapping was done in the first hour or so. We got 11 banded by lunch. After lunch went to the observatory to watch. I found 2 of the color marked birds near

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Makers 1960 Journal Nov.12 when I have been watching. However, I found confusion still when only one pr member was marked. Decided to go over this tomorrow by hand a few. adgacent pairs. Put up 3 Snow petrel skins in evening. They are horribly fat. Nov.13 Hallett Station, Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Collin Bailey and I spent the morning at the sluey mousing + marking lenses. Unfortunately the attempt to catch specific individual birds was compli- cated by the fact that a cloud (1-2 dozen at time) of skuas converged on the bait so many that territorial bird usually could not keep them away. Never we trapped several bird that were not of the pairs I have been watching. I returned there after noon + watched. It turned out that we had both members from pair marked + one member of several others. After supper Keith Wise, Don Dangle+ myself returned + tried to catch some of these unmarked birds. We spent an hour or so + did mark at least one we wanted but again this was complicated by outsiders coming in to feed. Put up 3 snow petrel

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Males 1960 Journal Shrines in evening. Nov.14 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Morning spent putting up one snow petrel skin. I spent the morning in dress in order to have a conference w Bob Titus our scientific leader at the station regarding our sleeping quarters. It turned out that he was not up so the conference did not come off until after lunch. Following this I went to the skway and watched for 2 hours. It was quite cold + a stiff wind made it uncomfortable so I left at 4 P.M. in order to put up another petrel before supper. Cut a third one up in the evening. A fine impromptu beer party then, developed in the bio-lab & I left at 2 A.M. or a little after so it was breaking up. Nov.15 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Up at 10 A.M. with a slight headache, though even at that I was in better shape than Keith une a Colli Bailey both of whom I found it necessary to go back to bed & sleep in the afternoon. The wind was blowing pretty hard a steady 20-4 25 mph with gusts to 40. I saw

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Make, 1960 Journal no point in going to observe skuas in that wind so brought in the last 5 snow petrels To them. I spent the day reading "Logbook for Grace" by R.C. Murphy. The birds remained frozen until after supper so I decided to let them go. Wind died during the evening or after the movie (20,000 figures under the sea) it was clear calm out. Let's hope the radio communication improves or we get that last plane in! Nov. 16 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Bryan Reid found some skuas eggs in the slenary late last night. This then sparked a survey of the slenary yesterday. We covered the N. half of the slenary in the morning; after noon we spent 2-3 hours discussing our projects, areas of joint interest and so on, then from 4 to 6 PM finished up the survey of the main slenary. The few nests scattered through the penguin rookery were not looked at. In the evening I skeletonized one Snow petrel & put up 2 more skuas leaving 2 more to go to finish the batch. Still no radio communication. But there was a rumor at midnight that a "pig" was

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14 able, 1960 Journal Nov.16 forming & there was hope that we would soon have communications. Nov.17 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. The morning was spent organizing my notes on the airca next round with Brian yesterday. After lunch I made a round of the airway, writing all of my allotted (5?) 85 nests. Spent the early evening organizing the resilient nests. After the movie, "Crazy Horse," I shinned the last 2 Snow Patrols. A large flight of snow patrols was witnessed in evening & even minutes counts were made of these. The day was warm + mostly clear with a few patches of clouds in the afternoon. We are down to 3 feet of hard + 2 feet of soft ice on the runway. Radio contact was established w/ New Zealand sometime in the evening & we hope to contact McMurdo before morning. Nov.18 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Made a round of the airway in the morning from 11 AM to 1 PM. After lunch I wrote up the resulting notes & returned to the airway.

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Maker 1960 Journal watch for a couple of hours. The weather was clear or relatively calm. A thin layer of cirrus clouds came in in the afternoon. The movie was "The Violent Men" with Glenn Ford, an above average S--tleitha. I finished R.C. Murphy's Logbook for Grace in evening. Radio communications were no better today. Rumors of contact with McMurdo were proven false + contact with New Zealand was broken. The ice about the shoreline is deteriorating so that the concern is not only in the airstrip but whether or not we will be able to get to the strip ourselves. The record radio blackout in this region is rumored to be 9 days. I believe we are now in our 6th day. Nov.19 Hallett Station, Antarctica. I cannot remember the day in detail (this is being written on the 22). I made a sound of the sherry before hand, after writing the resultant notes. I wandered about the penguin rookery locating pairs + nests, paced off the distance between several of the antenna poles in an attempt to locate the

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Makey 1960 Journal mistake and pains with some reality. Nov. 20 Getting Cape Hallett, Antarctica. There was a trip to the snow petals projected for the morning but no one else was up at 8:47 when Samuel at the Bio Lab so I went to work + skeletonized, or rather finished skeletonizing the emperor penguin killed a while back. The camp was thrown off kilter by an incident occurring last night. At 10 P.M. the show was interrupted by an announcement that a plane, the famous last plane, was arriving at 11:30. There was mad packing + scrambling as there are 8 people here waiting for the last plane. All were packed & we saw them off for the airstrip at 10:30 or so. Several of us then retired to the mess hall where a few minutes later, communications announced that the plane had turned back. Much disgust. I went to bed, John Baron went out to get the group. They returned by 12:30, had a meal & showed movies until 4:30 A.M. so the camp was not a quiet till 5 A.M. I made a round of the pantry

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Make. 1960 Journal Before lunch. In afternoon Brian & I stopped + landed a few skuae. Wrote notes + read in evening. Nordl Cape Ballast, Antarctica. Left camp about 9 A.M heading for Pivio Becepie. I was traveling with Don Douglaey, Brian Reid & Colin Barby came with jio in order to get so close to the rider petrel cliff- called Tombo Ramparts. We dropped them off 2 miles from the cliff + drove to the moraine at S. end of the glacier, between the 2 cliff areas. Here is a small skuaery & I wanted to obtain a few specimens. Spent 2 hours more, closer to 3, trying to moose some birds. They did not respond But I finally got 2 which we drapatelet with twibne in a plastic bag to see which we slipped over the bird head. Meanwhile Don got 2 other by throwing rocks at them + a) breaking a wing + b) sta stunning one with a blow in the head. We climbed partway up the cliff towards its S. end, the same area we visited last time. No success. We then returned To the N. end + climbed to top of shelf

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Maly 1960 Journal by going up the back slope. Total distance was close to a thousand feet I wound say. We found some active marts & saw a few petrels about the top. Finally got 2 birds & on the way down we got a second 2 more in the same burrow. Returned to base by 6:45 PM. Nov.22 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Woke up at 10:00 or 20, wrote a few notes in the morning & made a round of the scenery after lunch. Spent the evening in some carpentry work (shelves again) and went to bed early enough. Radio communication is still out, a C-124 flew over about 3 PM and got a weather & runway report, but had no word on a plane. Nov.23 Cape Hallett, Antarctica: Awakened this morning to the announcement that a plane was 10 miles from the station. The camp was galvanized to action. The 8 or 9 people waiting to catch the plane were up & packed even before it landed. Keith twice had to get his return. A large quantity of mail was brought in a carton & shortly

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Journal after everyone departed. With the departure of the 6 after bodies in our filthy danceway but we got busy & cleaned house. The floor scrubbed revealed a gray deck paint underneath. We even got new linoleum which had come on the plane to replace our old cats. Colin Bailey dug out some white paint & we gave the plywood panel which subdivide the danceway a coat of flat white. I made a round of the scenery from 4-6 P.M., painted my share of the painting (2 panels) & went to the show "The Lake" a very disappointing film. Nov.24 Cape Dallett, Antarctica. Thanksgiving day. I slept in until about 9:30 the A.M. In spite of good intentions I worn a holiday mood and did not feel like working. I did catch up on some note writing before noon & made a round of the scenery from 2 to 4 P.M. Attended a party for an hour or so & then did some more painting in the danceway. The rest of the ship group had put a colored cost on the partitions & I did my allocated 2 quest before dinner. The

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Darnell cook produced a fine meal actually but I was not in a festive mood & just regarded it as a good meal. Came up the notion of killing a seal & will do it tomorrow morning. Saw the show this evening, "Jumping Hell" or some such nonsense. I must stop going to there ! Nov.25 Cape Nallett, Antarctica: I wook up about 8:30 or so. Colin + I get ready & drove out to the seal sem resting on the snow near one of the bergs off shore. Then Colin who has killed many of them at Scott Base when they use them for dog food, volunteered to kill a seal for me, & had been persuaded to make it a cour + prep. We circled the groups of bergs and parked by the big berg with the ample seal had turned out to be a cow and pup. We walked over to them, 100 yds from the wreck. Colin put the point of an ice axe through the shell of the & which shuddled + died instantly. She bled profusely from the mouth & nose as she did so. The bleeding was copious + prolonged indicating that the heart was still & beating the the animal was in all probability completely

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Journal Makay 1960 Page 25 Unconscious. The pup did not die as readily + required a second blow. I walked back to the weasel + shoved it to the seal, backed it in position to pull the seal to shore. Before putting the rope on I decided to get a total length measurement. I gave Alan the end of the tape + held at the head of the seal, went one + grabbed a flipper, saying something like "Get straighten" out "when the ice began to tremble + there was a roaring sound behind me. I turned + saw the tall berg which must be 100 feet tall crumbling + falling to pieces before me. Colin said "The berg is rolling over" but the same thought had already entered my mind. The next impression I had in of a great dome of water mushroomed up to 30-35 feet in height. I was still standing, rooted my mind racing. We were standing next to our weasel. The weasel would not float. The mountain of water suggested that a wave might sweep over the ice or that the shock wave might crumble the ice ahead so + pulverize it. In the case the weasel would at least be a temporary refuge- we could not outrun the water either.

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Nov 25 So I stood completely immobilized & said "what do we do." Colin answered "Pem" & took off. I followed. Colin was wearing crewpone & outran me handily. Remember being envious of this + also I found that the steel tape was balled up around my hands effectively immobilizing them. After 100 yds the futility of remaining became apparent. We stopped & saw that the water had mostly filled back in the hole + that the berg now lay quietly on it's side. A shock wave in the form of a large ripple on the ice, perhaps 3 foot amplitude, swept under us + moved on to the shore. My leg felt weak. We walked back, cut the throats of our seals put a line on them + pulled them to the base. Our escape had been witnessed from the shore & we are both credited now with the antarctic speed record. Both slain seals were shimmied by 1 PM. Colin helped me with the & + shimmied the pup. I spent the afternoon getting the fat off the skins. The bulk of this was done by 5 PM, the skins however, need a final cleaning before I can salt them. I went to bed at 9 PM.

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Males 1960 Jammel Nov. 26 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. I cant recall the day in any detail even 24 hours later. I knew I was busy most of the day with the seal business. I made a round of the shenery in the afternoon & spent the evening cleaning some of the skeletal parts of the seal. The glacier sea water for the next time Nov. 27 Cape Hallett, Antarctica - Sunday. Up fairly early, I wrote a few notes then went to work on the pugical skin & shenned out the limbs. This took me until 3 P.M. I then spread out the skin To let the shenae get to them, the large skin being so stiff I could not work at it the w temperature was down so that working bare handed was uncomfortable. Made a round of the shenery from 6-4 S.P.M checking mostly nest which needed it. In late evening picked up 3 clutches of penguin eggs. Nov. 28 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Made a round of the shenry in the morning after first cleaning up some back notes. Returned to base at 2 P.M. Spent the afternoon shennning the limbs out of the large seal skin. The day was warm & sunny and has been the past couple of days.

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Mabel 1960 Journal Nov.29 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Today we made what may be the last trip to the petroley. We were all up about 7 + after the usual [illegible] were started by 9 A.M. The trip over was uneventful, the ice is still good through the road through the rough ice leading to the air strip so holly melted in place. One stretch was covered in 2 feet of water + I detoured around that rather than tried the ice underneath. Colin & Brian were dropped at Prior's Plateau which they wished to ascend for soil samples. Don Dangles and I drove to the N. end of the cliffs. We were to climb them there + meet the other 2 somewhere along the top. The climb the time was quite easy, we used campore and circled back up the snow field where the slope was easier. We spent a couple of hours scrambling our way along the top of the cliffs- looking for petrels + finally meet Colin & Brian at the highest point of the cliffs. All of us then descended the back side of the cliffs to the sheney in the moraine where we ate our lunch. We left here about 3:15+ arrived at the

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Male, 1960 Journal. base by 4 P.M. Drove doubling over as we arrived & the wind began picking up. By late evening the wattle was threatening. The day however had been warm & clear & still. A beautiful day. & the country along the top of the cliffs was magnificent; this was the finest day we had yet. On the descent we tried to slide down the snow slope but it was too soft for a continuous slide & all I did was get the seat of my pants wet. Nov. 30 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Wrote up skerry notes of last 2 days & also petrel notes from yesterday. Finished cleaning young seal skin & salted it. Bought in 2 seal skins & salted that also. Made round of survey between 5-6:45. Finished upskin after supper. Day was overcast & warm. Snow falling gently in morning, large puffy flakes. Wind came up in afternoon. Is now blowing a sharp breeze & rising. Dec. 1 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Stellar a gale all day. When I get up at 8:30 the wind was blowing about 30 mph with quicker squalls into the 40s. It continued this way until late in the evening with occasional lulls.

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Males 1960 Journal I noticed when I went to bed that the wind had died, about midnight. It was cloudy all day & visibility was placid. The temperature was about freezing. I remained in all day. Put up the 2 petrol sheds first thing, they did up nicely which was surprising, but I did leave the shell + eyes in the smaller one. I wrote notes in the middle of the day + attempted to compile all my band notes. In late afternoon + evening I put up 4 skua skins collected a while back. In late evening went out with Don Douglast tried to shoot an antarctic petrel. We walked out among the bergs a quarter mile from shore. I had 2 shots at petrel, both of which spiled nothing; though I did last one for what satisfaction that gives. Dec. 2 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Made a complete round of the slenary before lunch. In afternoon checked pairs in penguinery and compiled skua notes. In evening put up 2 snow petrels. A calm warm day. Someone said that it reached 33°F yesterday. It certainly was a change from yesterday's weather. This is second time the temperature has risen above 32°F

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17aley 1960 Journal the other being a 38" record on Nov. 30 Movie "Man without a Star" appropriately misbat. Dec. 3 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Saturday. Another clear sunny day; calm. I made a round of the slevary between 1:30 PM & 4:30 P.M. a complete round this time. Also took a few kodachromes of the birds (Ball #7). I put up 3 snow petals in late afternoon & evening and did up the Sleva notes. 7 Emperor penguins showed up in the morning, & Tom Ballard & I went out & took a few pictures... Dec 4 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Sunday. I wrote up a few notes in the morning & made a round of the nests in the pengiuny. The afternoon was futtered away- party in wandering about the pengiuny, party in reading Sladen's paper & party in Talking. Spent the evening reading. Dec 5 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Monday. Watched by nest 204 for 3 hours in the morning; 10 A.M. (P.M.) & from 2:30 & 4:30 in the afternoon. I then made an abbreviated round of the slevary and was in the base by 6:15 P.M. The evening was spent writing a few notes & reading. Finally finished "Pebble in Arms" - Rest

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Make 1960 Journal a little of Julius Caesar before going to sleep. The day was warm + still. A little cloudy in the morning but it cleared off before noon. Dec. 6 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Spent morning (10AM to 1PM) in skuaery watching at my usual post. Returned after lunch & made a complete round of the skuaery. In evening put up one skua + wrote up my notes. Day was overcast in morning + part of the afternoon. A few flakes of snow fell about 10AM but it cleared off. It was warm + still all day. Dec. 7. Cape Hallett, Antarctica. In the morning I put up the last of my skua skins + processed the skua of which Donald wanted the shield & wings. Spent afternoon in skuaery + checked all penguin skua next on way out, x on return. In evening skinned 3 penguin chicks, a pretty job as I found the skin so thin as tissue paper + I tore all 3 of them in the process. About 1/4 a pelt, "Drum Beef" or something. Dec. 8 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Presalted small seal skin & packed in

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Maka 1960 Journal plaster bay. Walked to shrnacy + watched for 3 hours or so. Returned to shrnacy after lunch + made a complete round which lasted until 6 PM. Salted about seal skin right after lunch. Another warm, clear, still day. Ice has now become so rotten that it is unsafe to walk out onto the bay. This in particularly true among the big bergs where one berg by turning about in the past 2 days has cleared a large open patch of water. The ice in this entire vicinity is rotten + wet looking. In other places it is safe to walk alright; the main difficulty being in getting from the shore to the main ice. Open water is now within a mile, just past the first cape where the large sea cave is located. Dec. 9 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Relebiled Snow petals in morning Went to shrnacy + watched from 11 to 3 had a brief lunch and returned to shrnacy from 4 to 5:15 then made a partial round of the shrnacy + returned to the base. In the morning I wrote note. Day was exceptionally warm & still. In late afternoon the crater discharged into the shrnacy from

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Maka 1968 Journal the large alluvial fan was the qub greatest I have seen. Several springs appeared on the skirts of the fan & the Spa war more afterwards then before. While I watched water partly surrounded the mound I watched on. A high 4-5000 feet ceiling came in in late evening. Dec 10 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Saturday. Spent afternoon in scenery watching from 1:30 to 5:45 PM. Morning spent reading Timberger's paper. Read in evening and attended one of the three movies shown; "Prum Beat"? something. Another clear sunny warm day. Dec 11 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Sunday. The day was overcastor and a little breezy. It looked for a while as if we were in for a storm, but as the day wore on & the breeze neither increased nor shifted direction it became apparent that we weren't towards late evening the clouds began to lift & shifts of sunlight played on the mountains across the bay. I stayed in all day. In morning I read & slept, & after lunch I developed 2 rolls of black & white film. In evening read some & recorded Gethron's third

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Otahis 1960 Journal Dec.17 piano concerto on tape + a few shorter piece from records in the service building. Dec.12 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Made a round of shenry in fore morning, from 10 to 12 approximately, after lunch I cut up fencing wire. Found that it was 30 inch width so made 15" joining strips of it. I watched in the shenry for 2 hours in the afternoon. In evening developed a roll of black- white film, saw "Carmen Jones" at the local cinema, and afterwards writing my notes [illegible] morning was sunny, clear but after noon it became partly cloudy + in the evening late it began to snow. John Baron, the mechanic on the base, a man of 57 or so had a mild heart attack at noon in the mess hall. I was not present at the time + did not hear about it until yesterday. The attack is a mild one & according to Colin Bailey is usually referred to as a "Coronary embarrassment". Chances of recovery are good. Dec13 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. The day was cloudy & gray with

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Maha, 1960 Journal Dec. 13 a few large flakes of snow falling off or during the day. I spent most of the day in the laboratory, though I did go out & fence in nests 307+308 cubicle are located in the top of the book. That seems to be the only real accomplish- ment. News that a ship was expected in spread through the camp in late morn- ing. I bought 12 christmas cards from Brian & got them ready during the after- noon. Dec 14 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Put out 6 fences in morning. Two were put about nests in penguinery & 4 m shrub. In late afternoon 4-6/17 (113-5) from a round of the shrub. Brought in a pipping egg & hatched out. The day was mild but partly cloudy. Late in the evening it began snowing rather heavily but the wind was still & the snow fell gently. I went to bed without having anchored my fencing adequately. I almost forgot it most Dec 15 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. important event of the day. At 8:15 A.M. a helicopter arrived & a few moments later a second one. The screeble State Island was in our vicinity. But

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Because of ice he stayed 25 mile or so out, far beyond our sight. Yet it was good to know there was a world beyond our cliffs, & we all stood about gawking at the helicopters and the 6 or 7 people who came in with it. They were complete with an official photographer who remained behind to get a picture of the helicopters departing & then went out with a mail bag & John's gear. The purpose of the visit was to evacuate John Baron, one of the Seabees who had a coronary embarrassment on sent Monday at noon. I hadn't seen John since the accident. He looked better than expected. He could talk but with some evident difficulty. His right arm which was supposedly partly paralyzed was strong enough that he could give a firm grip when I shook hands with him. The coming of the copters' I think affected all of us to a certain extent. It served as a reminder of the outside world & again our resolution, [illegible] not overwhelmed so. I think there was an improving in homeboundness in the station. Dec 15 Cape Hallett, Antarctica.

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Maker 1960 Journals. Dec. 15 The day has been spent anchoring my 6 cage. I obtained some 5 gallon tins & other containers from the dump. Three of the enclosures were then held by anchored by wiring them to 3 each of these containers filled with rock & sand. It seems that I hope that this should be sufficient to anchor them against any fale were likely to get. The other 3 were anchored by large rocks spaced about their periphery. In the evening was "masterman of Lake Abalone" centrally the worst picture ever made. Dec 16 Cape Hallett, Antarctica: (Friday) Round of shnecy in A.M from 10-12 A.M To be more precise. After lunch & writing up the notes I went out for a couple of hours of penguin movie photography. Spent several hours in the evening working on my steel cage. For this I am converting a large crate, 10 x 4 x 5 feet which I pulled up from the shore by means first thing in the morning. The movie "Top of the World" was a real bomb, the worst ever, that since had been in Alaska when it was being filmed I was glad to see it.

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Mably (1960) Journal Dec 17 Cape Hallett, Antarctica (Saturday) I made a round of the stency in the morning + spent the afternoon + part of the evening working on the skua cages writing notes. Dec 18 Cape Hallett, Antarctica (Sunday) Slept in late this morning + did not get up until 10:30 A.M. The day was overcast + breezy. Snow fell intermittently in large puffy flakes. The wind from the S. suggested an arriving storm but the day wore on + it did not materialize. I had intended to read during the day but instead worked on the skua cage + finally finished it up. The 2 chicks (Modoc + Gretchin) are eating up both a lot of time + a lot of food. I made a trip over #307+308 + weighed the chicks in the late afternoon. Dec.19 Cape Hallett, Antarctica (Monday) All of us got up late today. Don showed a movie from midnight to 2AM-"West of Zanzibar"-not too bad. Anyway we were all up quite late to see it. Made a round of the stency in afternoon weighing the penned chicks that were out + some of the newly hatched unpenned ones

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Male 1968 Journal Also penned one more to nest; the nearest shua next, no. 323. This is a one chick nest but in situated close among the penguins & I thought it would be an interesting & handy one to follow. Cut up one shua chick + a penguin chick in evening. Dec 20 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Made a round of the shuany after lunch + weighed all of my penned chicks in the process. In evening finished up skeletonizing a penguin adult begun weeks ago + skeletonized another which has been sitting out front since a box for about as long. The shua cage was moved into position by our front door with the aid of Pat Lee & George Allen + a fork cift. Modoc & Gathlin were put in the cage for a while and seemed not to mind the outdoor temperature. In a few more days I hope I can leave them out there Dec 21 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Round of shuany after lunch, then wrote up note in evening. Spent some time measuring feet & flippers of chick remains found at nests. With this I hope to be able to give an average weight for chicks of different foot & flipper sizes. In checking in Sladen I found that he did not

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Make 1960 Journal publish any data on the growth of these 2 parts; since I began compiling data on this myself. The picture "the fog tugs" was fairly good. Another gray overcast day, however, it was still v again the storm has not materialized. Several of the guys have reported seeing a seal in the wee hours of the morning. Daugler says that penguins were popping out of the water, apparently to escape it. It is possible this was a Leopard seal. Dec 22 Cape Hallett, Antarctica: Made a round of the slumy from 11 to 1. In the afternoon I began snowing - in fact it began about noon but got heavier a little later, I was still mild to heavily overcast. I walked along the N. shore to the cliffs, climbed up above the highest penguin group + sat + watched for a while. This was the first time I had been here in a month at least. My routine has become deadly and this change was welcome. On the way I collected 6 penguin chicks, all small, for specimens. Wrote notes in evening. The movie "Desire" was enjoyable. Dec 23. Cape Hallett, Antarctica - The slumy round was made from 10 to

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Maker 1960 Journal 12, and after lunch I make a round of the meat in the penguinery. Put up 4 penguin chicks before supper. After supper (in addition to going to the show) I wrote up my daily notes. Again froze an overcast day with a few snow flurries. Towards late afternoon the wind began to pick up & in the evening was blowing briskly, not yet a full gale but a heavy wind of 20 mph in gusts perhaps up to 40. Dec. 24 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. The wind continued to increase in force & was blowing a minor gale on this day. I only resolved not to make a round because of the blustery weather & because of the approaching holiday. I did write my notes & yet still tried to manage to keep busy indoors. We had moved the entire place over to the quarters for a Christmas Eve party. Donald & Colin spent a good part of the day decorating the place and also making candles for Christmas. The latter became something of a major indoor activity & mixed melting down white candles, coloring the wax with black printer ink & casting the new candle. All of the 23 & part of the 24 was spent in this activity

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Journal the results were fabulous. Posh created a "Christmas tree," a cone of yellow & green wax layers which will have wool sticks [illegible]; & Don a volcano - a broad cone of many colored layers cleft in a large funnel. My major activity during this was to individually wrap the skins & snow petal specimens. After supper, before the party I made some (poor) eggnog & finally put on a pair of trousers & a tie for the occasion. The interest in the party was heightened by several events which took place earlier in the day. The Dr. decided, after we announced our party, to have a tree decorating party of his own on this afternoon at one P.M. This lead to an unfortunate outbreak. During the party the Lieutenant had to issue an order, regarding the use of the radio set & several men who have resented his tendency to turn them closely exploded; one threatened to hit him & a couple of others said some interrupting things. The lieutenant so reported as being used some unfortunate language himself. A second fight broke out in the mess hall as an aftermath to this

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Mahey 1960 Journal The one involved George Allen + the Chef - adam Czarnowski. It wasn't much of a fight, + soon over but both incidents served to heighten tension in the army. The party went well. It lasted from 8 to 11:38 or so when a movie was proposed + all adjourned to the movie hall. Dec 25 Cape Hallett, Antarctica: The wind increased in force during the night + blew with gale force most of the day. The sky was clear however- we had the first sun in days. All of us slept in late. I didn't get up until noon or so + I brought some coffee in. To the others an hour later + they were still in the sack. The rest of the camp was as sluggish. I saw few of them until supper time. Dec 26 Cape Hallett, Antarctica I made a round of the shirey in the morning + of the penguin colony nests in the afternoon. In the meantime I had also shown my left hand to Colin Bailey. This was swollen on the outside + in the pinky + had been for some days. It was increasingly painful to move + had begun disturbing

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May 1960 Journal me at night. He suggested I see Dr. Kelly after my return from the shway when the hand had swollen further he more or less forced me to. To make a long story short the Dr. decided it was infected & that it had to be opened. The operation was done at 7 that evening with local anesthesia & was finished in time for me to see the picture "Light Hand of God". The operation was painless but tiring, largely because I was sitting in an icon folding their during it & because a messine tourniquet was put on my arm to reduce blood flow. The latter was a most uncomfortable device & I was hugely relieved when it was taken off. I was as relieved in fact that I took it off while the Dr. was finishing the bandage. The hand throbbled during the evening but not badly. Dec 27 Cape Ballett, Antarctica. I woke up at 8:30 or 20 after a refreshing sleep. Don Douglas had given me a sleeping pill & then plus the colisine (?) raspivin the Dr. gave me allowed me to sleep all night. There was no pain at all in my hand when I woke. The hand was healed, irrigated & rebankeded in the morning. I am supposed

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Makes 1960 Journal To take Fuzzy with it so I confirmed my activities vs watching penguins swimming along the shore + a stroll through the penguinry in which I picked up one shorn egg incubated for 37 days + the head of a mummified seal. In evening in desperation I cleared up my back log of food items I had under my desk, perhaps not the right sort of stuff to handle in my open act. Dec 28 Cape Hallett, Antarctica A complete round was made during the day. After heating my hand in the heating pad for an hour + having it re bandaged I went around the nests in the penguinry. After lunch the nests on the far side were visited. This took most of the afternoon. The hand was re heated + soaked in corning during the show + bandaged. Afterwards. I wrote notes until midnight when we had a supper. Afterwards someone proposed a movie and we went saw + saw "Lasseron" with C. Wilde + G. de Carlo Terrible! The day was warm + sunny + calm, a really beautiful day.

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Make 1960 Journal Dec29 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Cannot remember the day in detail though I am writing this on the 31. Several hours were spent heating the hand both morning + evening. I did not make a round of the sherry though Brien Yash notes on the hell- side book when he was over there. In afternoon, picnic it was a warm still sunny day I went & took 2 rolls of picture, 35mm; one color & one black + white. Dec30 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Made a complete round today during the afternoon. Morning largely spent soaking hand + writing notes. The hand was soaked again in the evening, the last time, thank-goodness, for several days at least. The day was still overcast. Snow began falling afternoon & fell until late evening large puffy flakes. There was no wind. Dec31 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. New years eve. By afternoon no word of any party had been given out so we Briogants decided to push one. Brien & I saw Trites who agreed to throw one in USARPs name. It turned out to be

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Makey 1960 Journal the finest possible under the circumstances. Two movies were shown in the evening & while the first was on Brian, Douglas, Titus & myself got the punch, eggnog, & etc ready & the party got underway right after the second movie, about 11 PM. The punch was monotonously strong it was flavored with lab. alcohol & I who flavored it put in too much. I thought this might have adverse effects on people but the contrary was true. One drink + people were gone, the party started in high gear + progressed rapidly. At about 11:40 the climax occurred. Chuck Rogers attempted to move the table containing the food + drinks. Two legs collapsed sending everything & to the floor. The crowd stood in shocked silence. I don't think I will forget the emotion charged scene of 20+ people staring open mouthed at a huge lake of 4 gallons of eggnog - the same of punch + various & eatables, glasses etc. I nearly had hysterics but poor Chuck was subdued for the rest of the evening. The mess was mopped up before midnight

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Male, 1960 Journal by a crew brave then & after a noisy interlude celebrating the new year (broadcast over the ham set) we went over + made more punch. The party lasted until I don't know when. Slept at 4 AM, played some music for a while & went to bed. At 8 AM I got up & returned to find Sheldon + Joe Deacon holding down the fort. Joe had just swept most of the paper out & was making noises like he was going to mop up but he soon staggered to bed & I likewise after a codeine pill + 2 aspirin for my headaches. 1961 Jan 1 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. I got up a second time at noon, still whoozy from the night before, had a breakfast of ice cream (this was the communal meal about noon at the station) + went for a short round, all checks were weighed + nests with eggs were all checked. Notes written up in evening: Jan 2 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. The band is acting up again. I woke at 5 AM or so with it paining & was unable to go back to sleep. Inspection showed no infection & the Doc decided the pain was result of straining the joint

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JOURNAL At any rate be put the (wrist) into a splint. A wonderful development. I spent the afternoon watching nests 331 & 308 & again after the show I watched the same nest from 9:40 to 11:10. The day was warm, calm & sunny. A Weddell seal was seen on the beach near camp this morning. Jan 3 Cape Hallett, Antarctica.. Make a complete round during the day. In morning after taking care of Modoc & Stretchen I weighed the chicks on this side & after lunch weighed those in the shaney & made a complete round. Wrote notes in evening. Also finally straightened out food notes of G & M. These were confused by the fact that Don fed the bird for several days. I have now taken that one for the extent of keeping records - weighing everything & leaving just cutting & skin. My hand has taken a turn for the worse. At the advice of Doc Hallett & Bailey I exercised the fingers during the day. The result has been that the hand swelled & began throbbing badly all evening & night. Jan 4 Cape Hallett, Antarctica New complications on the hand. - LT

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Maker 1961 Journal. Brothered me all day + in the evening I was again put on the hot moist bandage routine. I got little accomplished slept a 3 hour watch at the nests 331+308. Jan 5 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Spent most of the day in bed resting the hand. This done on doctors orders. [illegible] suggestion. I spent the morning up while the hand dried out from last nite. The heating pad + bandage were on it all night + it looked a wreck when unbundled in the morning. After lunch however it was put back on & I dozed away the time trying to read. What a day. I did get up for supper but that was all. Jan 6 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. The heat treatment had done little for the hand. The Dr. bandaged it up + offered the opinion that there might be a fracture involved. I am to go out to the Eastwind & have it x-rayed. In the evening he sprung a surprise on me. If no concrete diagnosis results from the X-ray he wants to send me to NZ on the boat. What a blow. The hand + arm still bother me. I did make a round weighing my chicle but that was about all. Jan 7 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Today I did a complete round of

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Make, 1961 Journal the denary in the morning. The afternoon was spent watching nests 349+11 over in the skies. The hand showed the first signs of improvement at last. Pain is decreased considerably + I was able to move the arms easily + with no pain. This is welcome. Word came through late in the day that I am going to Cape Adare on a one day trip; also the Dr informs me I may be sent to U.Z. for treatment depending on diagnosis. Jan. 8 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Sunday. Collected penguin remains from nests Got all of the chicks weighed and also went around + collected all penguin remains I found at the nests. The accumulation was considerable as I haven't done this in a week or more. In afternoon also measured + recorded the bulk of the days catch. Also unfortunately aggravated the hand a little but I think it was worth it. The hand in general shows no big improvement anymore. I have 2 more days until the ship gets here to regester a real going otherwise I'm sure the Dr has decided to ship me out regardless of the diagnosis. Jan 9 Cape Hallett, Antarctica Im Bailey measuring chicks With the aid of John Bailey I spent the morning measuring all my back

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Maley 1961 Journal Dog of penguin remains + fanned up a few pellets after lunch. Spent about 4 hours watching at nests 308+331. Jan 10 Cape Hallett, Antarctica: My hand continues to improve though not fast enough. I have been lucky though in that the ship has been delayed + will not now show up until the 12 of Jan.--Thurs. Meanwhile the swelling in the hand has gone down noticeably + most of the pain is gone from it. I make a complete round, weighing all chicks before noon + a complete nest round after noon. I watched at nest 204 for a while afternoon just the birds seem spookier now than when mendating Jan 11 Cape Hallett, Antarctica The only accomplishment of the day was a four hour watch in the snow from 1 to 5PM. In late evening, also, I visited several nests in the snow + on this site also. Jan 14 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. The Eastwind, USCG icebreaker arrived near Hallett on Jan 12. Their helicopter landed at 7:15 PM. + Derby gave Tom Ballard who had the closest time in the pond

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Maken 1961 Journal Jan 14. down pool the price of 18 dollars. I had packed up in early afternoon & they made a visit to the sawery to weigh the 4 penned chekka over there. In morning I had visited the penned chekka on this cide. I was sent to the ship on the first helicopter along w George Allen & Pat Be. All 3 of us needed x-rays for some reason. Dr. Kelley came aboard late, & pronounced the hand unbroken & uninfected. Cecil Bailey & Douglas came aboard later & all my gear was brought. The ship finished unloading at Hallett & we were underway by midnight. At 5:30 or 6 AM the ship was near Adare. The captain meanwhile had induced me to shorten my proposed visit to 12 hours from the original 24. Accordingly Don Douglas & I were flown in on the first helicopter. On the way in we flew over the rookery at 1800 feet & I obtained a series of black & white shots, vertical, from which I hope to make a movie map. We landed at 7:30 AM Ridley heads is large, 4 times larger I would say than Hallett heads. The objective I had in going here was to get a census

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Jan 14 of breeding skuas to get an idea of how skua numbers VIZ a mis penguin comp- ared with those at Hallett; also idea of tuning cycles to compare w. Hallett. I took the S. half of the beach + Don the N. I walked the beach to the bluff, climbed it up a broad shelf, a possible skua nest area + returned in a line 200 yds. Nor my first traverse results were astonishing. There were no breeding skuas at all though many non-breeders. Don came back with the same report. Another traverse through the central portion of the penguinery produced the same results. Then w. Pr. Lershol (Sp.? Don + I climbed up the hillside. Here we found our first nests widely scattered located on outcrops. We climbed gradually from prospective nests to prospective nest + reached approximately 750 to 800 feet elevation. From here we so no signs of skuas above + instead of continuing we proceeded along the face of the bluff scanning down for more nests + descended along the N. edge for large hillside colony. Pr. Lershol had previously climbed pathway up + along an area V. of this one we had covered + found no

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Mabuy 1961 Jan 14. Journal neats. Hence we concluded that the shores were nesting in small numbers in case of the cliff were nest sites were provided by the topography. I felt we had covered 2/3 of the cliff area not inhabited by penguins fairly well & that even considering that we had thus only gotten 20% of the neats a pop. of 50 nesting pair was indicated. I was wrong as we shall see. Anyway we descended the cliff & sat the tent had a can of fruit. Donald & I shot 2 great fulmars after lunch & I went off on another traverse through penguinery where I spent the next couple hours. About 6:30 we saw the ship approaching & soon the helicopter arrived. The above is a brief resume of what was done at Adare. The following are a few- impresions. The Adare rookery is immense compared to Hallett. The area of beach I would judge to be 4 x that at Hallett. There are several large ponds on the beach which reduce the total area inhabited considerably. Penguins seem more densely & evenly distributed there are no large habitable areas for penguins as there are at Hallett except along the beaches themselves. I noticed

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Maker 1961 Journal Jan 14 along the N. beach near the point that a wide area here now full of penguins was obviously inhabited at one time. Never- the-less overall density is greater than Hallett. Also, the penguinery extends up the hillside in places to + on the top of the cape. The height of the cape is some 1000 feet. Not all of the hillside is inhabited, perhaps 50% of the total. There is one colony on the slope alone a 400 foot cliff which the inhabitants have to reach by a long lateral track over a snow patch. The only birds we saw other than Shinse + Adelie (+ a few storm petrels) were Giant fulmars. These were first seen at the cape as the boat-ship crept in towards the beach. A dozen or so, one white phase, were seen then. Don Douglas reported seeing 75 on the beach at Adare. Later in the day when I went over there were about a dozen. Two Elephant Seal, a young male - a female were on the N. beach - both were in moult. A great amount of kelp lay on the beach, particularly the N. side. This is in contrast to Hallett where I have seen

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Maker 1961 Journal Jan 14 none though Douglas says some will come in when the ice is finally gone from the beach. One interesting feature was the ice buried in the beach along the N shore. Great blocks 10-15 feet in diam were cast 60-80 yds from water's edge & were buried in gravel. This may have been caused by the great Chilean earthquake of last year, which caused tidal waves felt even at Hallett where it took out the ice in the bay when it was 18" thick [illegible] is interesting historically in that Borghemund (sp?) & Cressetley both wintered here the former being the first to ever winter on the continent. There huts are still present. B. built one & P. two others right beside it. One of Cressetley's is intact but packed with snow & ice. The second has lost its roof - is consequently empty of snow & Borghemund's had lost its roof & one wall. There is much debris & snow about the building, all quite interesting. This included bottles of prune juice (still good), bullets, shotgun shells, cans of tallow, boards of bacon, molasses, & heaps of charcoal briquets.

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Journal Jan 14 The Captain, the information officer, & one other member of the crew came aboard when we were taken off. The ship put off at one for Hallett, at 12:30 or so we were 7 miles off the beach & the helicopter was loaded. Because of lack of ice pans however they were not allowed to fly until we were only a mile or so from the beach. Again the pilot allowed me to take a series of shots. Light was dim but I hope the pictures do come out? Today has been wasted. I wake up at 10:30, fed the alene & after lunch read my mail. That's the only pilot accomplishment. This evening word came that Brian Reed had discovered a shrubbery at Adare, presumably on top of the cliff, and had found 120 nests. So end our perfect day. Adelie penguins were on the average a week ahead of those at Hallett. They were also much more aggressive & inclined to attack & flipper one at a time from distance of 15 feet or more. Lt, jg. Tom. H. Ballard HU-4 DET 73 USCGC Eastwind FPO NY, NY.

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Maker 1961 Journal Lt Ballard was Helicopter pilot, interested in Biology; requested picture of Roaberg. Jan 15 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. A complete (almost) round of skuing was made during the day. All chicks were weighed, penguin remains collected from nest areas + a round of all nests in penguinery was made. Pets on this side - in penguinery; other than penned ones were not checked. The day was warm + sunny in morning + afternoon became breezy in late afternoon + clouded over in evening Jan 16 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Snow was falling when I got up large white flakes drifting straight down. There was already an inch or so on the ground + buildings. The morning was spent cleaning up the mess of penguin remains brought in yesterday. A round of the skua nest in the penguinery was made after lunch. The wind was coming up by this time + for the remainder of the afternoon I developed 3 black & white films including the aerials of Adare + Hallett which came out well.

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Maler 1961 Journal Jan 17 Cape Hallett, Antarctica The day really spent doing little. Wind was blowing in morning the velocity had dropped & It gradually died out during the day. The only real accomplishment of the day was finishing up the egg I had Collected. Blew all remaining, packed all in cotton & sealed them in a small box. Book: A NARE Antarctic Antarctica Outpost by Phillip Law & John Beckmann Oxford Press 1957 Jan 18 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. I clear sunny day. A complete round of the slavery war made in the afternoon & all chicks were weighed, those in the penguinery before lunch. In the evening Modoc died; his death "shocked" the camp & full military honors were prescribed but not actually carried out. Jan 19 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Snow was falling heavily when I got up this morning. Small pellet-like flakes that were coming straight down. It had been falling for some time so there was an inch or so on the ground when I stepped out. I put up Modoc in the morning & 2 other chicks I had had frozen in the evening

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Mole 1961 Journal Because of the dark overcast + snow which fell all day I didn't do any of the picture taking I had intended to but netted handed some shine chicks in the shenry + brought in the younger of the 2 chicks at 72. This chub is about a week old. Jan 20 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Ketchen was killed + damned in the morning. Her autopsy is summarized in the app. account. The most impressive feature was the fact that both of her tibia had broken spontaneously & were partly healed, though all her bones were very fragile. She was a she it turned out. A round of the shenry was made in the afternoon + a more shins put up in the evening. Jan 21 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Snowing heavily in morning, with a slight breeze blowing. It looked for a time as if we would get a real blizzard out of it but it soon let up & snowed lightly off & on all during the day. Weighed all of the chicks in the field + collected the chick food remains from the nest on this side. Those on the other side have so little few food remains or pellets that I can let them go longer without collecting. Slept out the adult of nest 35, which

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Make 1951 Journal Clean up the back log of sllemming with the exception of the giant petrilo & one bloody penguin. {U.S. Wx Bureau 24 M. Street Climatology Washington , D.C- Dan Lee Foster 3 pictures of Adam Loudonville, Ohio Jan 23 Cape Hallett, Antarctica: Wind came up suddenly after tuesday evening. It blew all night at perhaps 25-30 miles per hour. It was cloudy & some snow fell. The least most of the day, though the wind died during the afternoon. In late evening it was calm & clear. I spent the day indoors sllemming the giant fulmars from Cape Adare. Two were shelted (the head of one went to Douglas) and two were slammed. Jan 24 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. A clear sunny day-at least in the morning- It became partly cloudy after noon but remained relatively calm & warm. All of the permed nests were visited before lunch & chicks weighed. After lunch I [illegible] made a round of the "upper" half

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Journal [illegible] Jan 25 - Cape Hallett, Antarctica Clear, calm day. Checked "bottom" Half of sheney in morning, banded 24 more chicks which humana leaves a few still to be banded. Took 300 feet of movie film in afternoon x also did recall spent some time watching a Leopard Seal on an ice floe even fish some 25 feet of movies, if it. These were taken at some distance and will show least were distortions. It began snowing about supper time. Jan 26 - Cape Hallett, Antarctica. It was snowing heavily in the morning when I stepped out. The snow continued, though at less intensity through the day. In the evening the wind rose to mild gale proportions & the snow again became heavy. The only accomplishment of the day was the skimming of 4 penguins, 2 ad. & a well grown chick. The former were salted. Jan 27 - Cape Hallett, Antarctica. The snow had largely ceased by morning

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Journal but the wind was still blowing, a steady 25+ mph with gusts to 35 or 35. Snow flurries fell intermittently during the day. Pete Martin brought in a Storm petrel killed against the scene building in the evening of the 26. I checked the antennae about to have no hope there would be others but found none. The penguin chicks were all bobbled up + because each tried to get into the wind shadow of his neighbor their bubbles became long streamers running with the wind. On the slope of the hillside the horizontal stripes resulting were striking. I spent a little time taking O.L.W. pictures. Checked a couple of my enclosures. They were looted one + the chicks had gotten out. The nearest one had a penguin trapped in the wire - an adult - which I brought in so its leg was badly wounded. This was balled later + shinned in the evening. In the afternoon I balled 2 penguin chicks + shinned them out. The wind died about midnight - or at least died down. Pete Martin reported 3 leopard seals swimming along the N. shore in evening.

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Male 1961 Journal Jan 28 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. The day was clear, sunny, a slight breeze was blowing in the morning + this continued all day. I spent the morning scraping a penguin chick slime & finishing putting them up. A complete round of the slurry was made in the afternoon + 14 or 20 chicks were banded. This seems to wind up the banding almost. One chick I did not band was one which flew off at my approach, the only flying chick I have seen so far. Jan 29 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Sunday. Made a round of my enclosures cleaning out the snow + putting the chicks back in - at least those which had escaped. The day was cloudy + a breeze sprang up in mid afternoon. Light snow fell. Jan 30 Cape Hallett, Antarctica Not much accomplished today. I weighed and measured a series of 10 full sized chicks (penguin) + killed (to help of PSD) 6 adult penguins. Shinned out the chin- strap penguin + three of the adult adelie's. Jan 31 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Shinned the last 3 adult penguins + scraped + salted 2 of them. There is a road block in this program in a shortage of salt.

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Male, 1861 Journal The day was sunny with a 154 20 knot wind blowing. I made a quick round of the shua nests on this side & walked over To the Shruery, primarily to get photos of some of the chicks in B&G. In late evening walked along N. shore checking for Chinstrap penguins &/o Leopard Seals. Saw one Weddell Seal swimming along the shore. The wind was still blowing about 20 mph. Feb 5 Cape Hallett, Antarctica Sunday. I haven't made an entry in several days I see. No matter nothing much has been happened. I have shinned out, scraped & salted the batch of adult penguins killed. Made one round of Shruery weighing penned chicks, picked up another 50 lbs of poy stern remain which await processing. Yesterday afternoon which was still & sunny I took movies of penguins swimming. The first good day in some time. Also Brian & Colin arrived back from Adare about 6 A.M on the 4. Most of the camp stayed up until the ship came many because they were going out to visit the dentist. I retired at 8:30 a 7:00 AM

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May 1961 Journal The camp was pretty quiet most of the next day. Feb 6 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Sunny but windy day. Wind of 15 to 20 knots blowing. Make a round of the outta penguins during the day. Put up two Wilson's petrels shot by Don Douglas. That's about it. Feb 8 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Don't know where the past days two are gone. I shot members of several pairs I watched earlier in the season. This was done on afternoon of the 7. Spent part of evening + this morning skinning + salting the skins. Make a round + weighed penned chicks in afternoon. Brought in + killed chick (02 at nest 307). This chick has been crippled for a week now, inable to stand or walk. Feb 9 Cape Hallett, Antarctica Beautiful still clear day. The number of penguins continues its precipitous decline. The number of skuas also seems to be declining; more are seen out over the ice in Port Moulton Bay. I took movie of skuas feeding on a penguin carcass (which I supplied) + also waited on north shore hoping to get shot of perceiving

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Maker 1961 Journal penguins to no avail though it was so warm in the sun when I was out of the wind that I had a nice nap instead. Copied my slurry maps in afternoon Feb 14 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Continued measuring meter next distance in the slurry with the help of Joe Descent. Spent the morning working in Bruno North part of the slurry + got most of it done. Afternoon was spent mostly talking but I did check the pots on the side + weigh my two remaining chicks. The week end was a lost one. Saturday night was a party for Bernie Pope a Seabee who is leaving on the amel for McMurdo Sound. Sunday the place was pretty living over but everyone managed to make it up by 2 PM for the N+D* softball game between Civilian + Navy. The cook broke his arm in the first inning - by a fall while running the bases - but this barely slowed the game. Five innings were played, score was Navy 79, Civilian 19. N+D = Note + Direction

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Maley 1961 Journal Feb 25 Address of '. Belsy B. Krieg's 4611 Sherman Street Denver 16, Colorado Forward Seal skin to this address. Kriegales gave me 5.00 for postage Mar. 6 Cape Hallett, Antarctica. Finally made the trip by helicopter to the petrelery. The trip was set up for 4 days ago but the wind storm which came up that day prevented the flight. Arthur Ford USGS Geologist, Brien Lied + myself were the participants. The trip was originally scheduled for 5 people, then 4, & finally at take off the pilot cut it down to 3. Brian, Don + myself drew straws & Donald lost out. We left here at 10:47 & were allowed 4 hours on the ground there. The Doppler returned at 2:30 & pick us up. We were landed on a level spot in at saddle behind the Sippo- towles Remparts. Details of our camping are given in lagodious account & seems account. Returned to depot base by 3 P.M. Took some black + white pictures of the base as we approached & several of snow petrel chicks in nest

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Maker 1960 Journal cartes Mar.8 Cape Hallett Antarctica. Things have again taken a turn for the worst here as far as the unloading program is concerned. Yesterday the 9 they started bringing in fuel drums by helicopter. By using 2 helicopters, anyone of which carried one drum and one two, they managed to get about 300 drums ashore in one day. Rumour heard that method of unloading all the fuel scheduled to be left here - 4 years supply - is aim to get enough for two years ashore + 1000 drums, + then depart. Today things did not proceed as well. The flights were fewer, only about 200 drums or less were ashore. Flights were suspended in the middle of the day when snow began falling + visibility was reduced. Boats could still not be gotten ashore because of the swell. In late afternoon the barometer began falling + about 5 or so the wind began to blow in an hour it was once so beastly quicky, by late evening it must have been 40 knots or quets to 50 or 60 It looks as if all hopes of landing fuel

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Maker 1961 Journal will here & be abandoned for the day. Signed 6 petrel chicks on the 7th field then 45 day 20 flat albatross on the 8. That's about the extent of my biological efforts. April 11 Berkeley, California. A brief resume of events subsequent To the last entry follows. On March 10 A.M. we were informed that we should report on the icebreaker late that afternoon. All of our gear was then packed. A bender was acquired & the crates were handed. This plus numerous last minute details took longer than expected and it was not until late evening that we all said our last goodbyes and were carried to the landing area by barge. The last unloading was being accomplished by bringing M boats up to the top of the bank. A bit of shore fast ice which projected mbs deepwater there made an adequate dock. We embarked on a boat with all our gear & were taken to the Edicts. The ship did not depart until late evening the following day March 11. I stood on the fantail & watched Hallett fade mbs the gloom, a simple light gleaming faintly was all that was visible at the last.

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Mable 1961 April 11 The trip north was rough. Icebreakers are none seaworthy I conclude for the first 3 or 4 days to ship rolled & tossed badly. It was so rough that I could not sleep and most other passengers were affected the same way. All assumed a haggard look three days. Meals were served standing on paper plates. The sea did moderate finally the last 3 days vs New Zealand were very pleasant. Charles Feeler whom I last saw in Barrow several years ago when he accompanied me to the Dawn Line on an overnight trip was on board. He was the navigation officer. We arrived in Lyttelton Harbor on March 17 late afternoon. Ed Goodale of USARP met the ship. Keith Rice was along with him. I departed New Zealand on April 5. Originally scheduled for departure on March 31 but delayed by the plight of the icebreaker in McMurdo Sound. The Edisto was sent back down to retrieve a barge loaded with aviation gas which had broken loose. Weather conditions were such that the attempt was abandoned. The admiral however decided to remain on hand until it was out of trouble.

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Maker 1961 Journal April 11 When we left on the 5th. The admiral remained behind anyway. Illness of a Russian scientist at Byrd station make a flight to the continent necessary and he remained behind for that. Also as of that date the Edicks was still down there - near Cape Adare struggling north with one screw damaged. I presume it has gotten broke alright as no word has been seen in the local press. The flight to Honolulu was made with a one hour stop at Canton Island. We landed about 10:40 on the same date we left N.Z. The flight took about 24 hours. Spent 24 hours in Honolulu. Much cooler less humid than last stay. Fixed car? Donald Douglas drove about a little so I could see something of the island. Flight to California took 10 hours. Landed at Alameda Naval Base. Dick & Halma & Dave Mullen met the plane. Fin.

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Maker 1960 Aptenodytes forsteri Oct.31 Notes from Robert Thompson, Hallett station chief. Oct 10.- Emperor penguin captured near spit. Oct 13- Emperor banded. #66405 Oct 25- 61 Emperors penguins counted near spit Oct 26- Over 30 Emperors near spit (end R. Thompson note) Oct.30 Total of 32 passed station today. Ten were in a group at 11M and drove up to station. Two seen late afternoon out by pressure ridge. Four in group stralling past station at 9.30PM + 16 more in group at a distance at the same time. Oct.31 Three Emperors walking along the sea side of the adèle rasberg were caught & corralled in the evening. Later the beeps saw some more & went out to band some. Two more were cooked - a total of 5. A total of 24 were seen later in the evening of which Don D + [illegible] Bryan banded 17. Nov.3. None seen since the above. Nov.9 7 Emperors showed up today. They were standing in a tight group at 9.30AM

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Aptenodytes forsteri about 300 yds off of the camp. Judging by the snow they had been there for several hours resting. We photographed them + drove one to camp where it was killed for a blood sample for a skeleton preparation. At 11:30 the penguins were lying down in the same spot at which we left them. Dec 3 - 7 penguins showed up near camp at about 9 this evening. The group contained what might be some sub-adult birds, 12 individuals with none of the yellow + orange on the head + neck, though the salmon pink stripe on the bill remained. Four of the birds paired differently through an interesting ceremony. They would stand close, usually facing, head their heads + necks down simply + trumpet with the neck + head in this position. The trumpeting had an open brassy tone, like french horns blown at a high pitch with a contour like + volume . They would then throw their heads up + sometimes both would flap their head + neck back + about in an apparently amiable manner. They would then stand straight necks partly lifted + the neck inflated. After a moment they would repeat. I got pictures of this. Trumpet sounds like Cran

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Made 1960 Aptenodytes forsteri Dec 4. Two emperors seen off camp in morning. One thine all afternoon. In evening 2 were standing lunched ten feet apart a few hundred yards off camp. They remained there without moving & were still there when I went to bed about 11 P.M. Dec 6 1 emperor seen Dec 7 5 reported by Dan Foster in A.M. 2 seen late 7 in evening. Cataract. Dec 8 8 emperors present in morning.

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Malls 1960 Pygoscelis adeliae Oct 31 Cape Hallett Station. The following are notes on penguins from Robert Thompson, the station chief here some last year. Sept. 10, 1960 first few adelie penguins returned to spit. (2). Oct. 10, 1960 - 5 penguins Oct 11, 1960 - penguin count 11 Oct 12 - " " 21 Oct 13 - Adelie count 131 at mid-day. Penguins observed in steady procession approaching spit from around Cape Hallett. Est. over 300 by evening. Oct 14. Douglas returned (End Thompson) Oct. 31 First egg reported by Gordon Cartwright. Nov. 1 Check through rookery by Dr. Fella, C. Bailey + myself in A. 11. revealed 10 eggs seen by all of us. A big influx of Adelie is still going on. They are running by hundreds every hour from around the cape over the ice. Nov. 3 Penguins still seem to be arriving in reduced numbers. according to Bryan Leid there are also some, 24, beginning to depart.

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Pygoscelis adeliae Nov. 4 Watched arriving penguins from sheer slope near cape. Results tabulated as: 3:45-4:00 | 21-5-3-6-19-10-21 | 85 4:00-4:15 | 13 | 13 4:15-4:30 | 34-24-2-4-30 | 94 192 Rate of 256/hour. At the same time 3 were seen walking back out to sea from the rookery. Five other apparently started out but turned about + came back in with some new arrivals. Dec 5 First penguin chicks were found on this date. Jan 24 Shinned gosling #1713, general body moulting occurring, at least quills of new feathers were growing + covered entire body. Important point was that chin + throat feathers & papillae of new feathers were not pigmented while those on head of similar age were burning with melanin. Feb 6 Penguin number took a big drop last night. They have been declining steadily but a noticeable difference observed between yesterday + this morning. Those that remain are mostly chicks + few ad. DSP found dead with white eye rings.

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Pygmaelio adelie Feb 8 Penguin population has continued to decline very rapidly these past two days. Number now remaining perhaps 10% of original those seen in colony are mostly chicks. Very few carcasses are seen about, I saw 2 or walk thru colony to point of haul & 1 on return. Feb 11 Pop. continues to decline 20-3000 birds a generous estimate of population today. Chicks continue movement to shore + out on to ice & hence away. Reports of a Leopard Seal along N. shore in early afternoon. While watching penguins along N. shore noted another sick chick. Blood in water & didn't move so waves washed around it was swept out into sea one but struggled back - disappeared shortly after. Carcass of young seen in water at same spot, partly eaten. This is third sick chick seen. Two have been brought in by camp personnel. Symptoms have been, sticky mucous around eyes & mouth, "bubbly" breathing, listlessness. Inside the liver seemed spongier than normal + heart lighter in color with areas 1/8-3/16" thick, in heart muscle very light in color giving sections a mottled appearance. Storm & rain

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Maly 1960 Thalassornis antarctica Dec 1 This species was seen here for the first time this year today. A 30 knot gale was blowing since the night before from the SSW. The birds were first seen about 18PM when a flock of 60 or 70 was seen just off camp in the middle of Echota Inlet. Another flock of 30-40 birds was seen later. smaller groups of 5-15, or 20 were seen about later. I suspect that these birds were breaking up into small groups and then regrouping into large flocks so the total number about about was probably under 100. A few snow pitches were with them.

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Maley 1960 Oceanitic oceanic Nov. 6 Hallett Station. One of the Hawaiian keep reported seeing a Wilsons petrel last night flying in camp. He described it well, 'small, dark, erratic flight pattern. Nov. 21 On visit to cliffs across the bay saw no live wilson petrel but found the carcasses of 2. One a fully fledged young bird was found with its head sticking from a small burrow the mouth of which was no more than 3x3 inches. Don Daughles found a downy young among the rocks at another point. Both of these were high up on the petrel cliffs near the top in fact + among the snow petrels. Nov. 29 Saw one bird at the petrel cliffs today Flying about one section of the cliffs 4-5 hundred feet up from the bay. It was quite attached to one small segment of the cliff face. Also saw a fresh tuft of one days nest in the shrubbery. Duing reported finding fresh pellets with Wilson remains in them. Dec 1 Several seen late in evening flying singly-low- heading toward open water; 1c ME. Dec 4 One flew over roohey, low, heading out to sea

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Oceamites oceanicus at about 3 PM today. always Dec 8 One flew through patrolling at about 5 PM along hill slope, low to slope rapid mete flight. Dec 13 Watching from door of lab at 12:10 to 12:18 AM during which time 15 Wilson petrels went by, all were heading NNE toward open water. They were flying singly & low- thought once 4 were seen at the same time in a widely scattered group. Dec. 21 While on the sheer slope above the line of the bush I saw a Wilson petrel on 2 occasions flying back & forth along the slope. This may have been the same bird. At any rate I had the definite impression that the bird might be located along the slope somewhere but when watched it eventually flew out over the bay.

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Mabey 1961 Macronectes giganteus Jan 23 The four giant petrels shot at cape Adan were slimmed out today. Two were old birds (one sawn heel and went to DSD) + 2 were slimmed. 1717: General body moult. Broad patch present replacing about periphery Tail not moulting though covert, upper, were being replaced. Primaries 4,5,6 were coming in. 4 was smallest. <2 inches. (Primaries counted from outlook in). 7,8+9 were new. 1718: General body moult. No broad patch. Primaries 3,4,5 growing. 3 smallest. Remendes already replaced. Central 2 Tail feathers already just coming in. 1719: General body moult. Broad patch present replacing at periphery. Primaries 6,5,+ 6 coming in as above. - Chelated. 1720: General body moult. Primaries 3+4 coming in - Remendes replaced. Toppeaul fully grown.

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Male 1960 Catheracta maccormicki Oct 31 Note from fabrit Thompson, New Zealand station chief at Hallett. Oct 13 - 3 skuas, first sighting. Oct 24 - 8 skuas Oct 27 - 11 skuas. (end Thompson) Oct.29 Scott Base, McMurdo Sound. Saw 3 skuas at 2:30 PM. Flew along coast landed 100 yd from dogs near base. One more came by & joined them an hour later. Later while observing seals 1/4 mile away saw 5 skuas. I presumed the was the same group + one. Keith Wise and another entomologist saw one skua on 3 different occasions on Oct 28 at Cape Crozier. This first one of year in McMurdo area. Oct.31 Hallett. Spent 2 1/3 hours in blaney. Skuas sitting about in pairs. Quiet. Twice saw pair take wing & fly off into & perhaps across the Pengunery. Saw one bird return & regurgitate food for its mate. No ritualized ceremony. The both appeared to briefly choke in a pose with neck arched up

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Catharacta maccormickii Oct 31 (cont.) the very brief and not seen in detail. Much ground announcement with varied wing display. Call associated with it is very nasal compared to pomarine. Must get a good description of this. Nov. 1 Arrived at skuaery at 9.15 A.M. within 50 yds of me there are 8 sitting or standing, 2 are associated as pairs the rest are isolated. Strange skua flew over, 1 single + pr gave Challenge. Stand up wings swept up + back heads raised + mouth opened wide. Call. very nasal: i i i i i i typically on same pitch, falling at end. tone reminds me very much of the red compressor at home. The call can rise + fall in pitch as delivered, can be uttered only 2 or 3 times, or continuously for many seconds. Has a wheezy or aspirant quality, particularly at the beginning of each syllable. Chase. Have seen 2 of these since I've been here. Two birds flying fast one closely pursuing the other, slips close perpendicular movement avoids both so fast this no swoop or pass possible - on second chase both flew out

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Mala 1960 Catharecta macrornicki over mist One in glide up reminiscent of upglide Other secured along cliff here didn't see details. 9:40. Single bird swam over slurry 2 pios + one single stood + challenge. The 1st lands. Other single bird comes over also challenged by one pair. 9:50 Caught one p.s. in last second of a chokling. One obviously begging, & I presume m (f) the sort of posture bunched with neck extended & head tilted up. Other standing taller & mouth parted as if trying to regurgitate. 10:00 left slurry 11:30 returned. 19 Slana from one point near narrow end of slurry: few obviously paired, one group of 3, not single. 11:35 One p.s flew - one directly Towards bare, other circled area of territory once then headed towards bare. 11:40 One shava putting on snow, eating snow. Took half dozen bites into snow & swallowed with open mouthed chewing they see for smell stone.

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Maha 1960 Catharacta maccormickii 4 Nov 1 (cont.) 11:50 Wild chare 2 birds flew from cliff-circled twice, amicably, one then landed near another bird on cliff. Other left, I didn't follow it. About 1 minute later bird who had been on cliff—drowned one of pair—flew 3 feet to rock & clashed. Tuck up, beat down—uttered a choke call diff from announcement call. Other— lighter—bird flew off. Three pairs, including above show— dimorphism in color—One is smooth coffee w/ cream (darkish) brown—other yellowish—splotchy—in aspect. [illegible] 11:55 Brown snow 30yd away. Picking at something on ground. Separated one set ate snow—poking bill into snow—to get mouthful. One approached other in a begging pose, neck sleeked, arched, mouth closed, soon discontinued no other gave no sign. Separated. 12:55 2 standing together. One walked 3 feet then into food begging choke arched appearance in back of neck. Other approached + went into same pose for few seconds then stopped. First stopped. They separated & left. 12:20 Left.

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Malis 1960 Catharata macconnicki Nor.2 Hallett Station. Arrived Skerry 10:15 Tosh vantage point 25 feet up slope near narrow end of skerry. From here counted 31 skuas mostly pairs from a line run out from an alluvial fan about middle of skerry to its narrow end. There are some pairs on the slope also, the meeting area extends another 100 feet up the slope from where I sit. 10:35 - 2 arriving birds greeted by Challenge displays of pairs over which they flew- 10:45 Skua lands near second one. Greeted by Challenge display and call. Stands next to "B" stands erect, Gathers approached with neck raised "bowled" B - skuas in back of next just as I saw raised a little "B" walks slowly off at attention. "A" follows slowly gradually brings neck down & begging choke. The 2 stand together for 2 minutes so. "A" with head down (behind B) B firmly walks off slowly A paced in and down a coked pathway. A sits down 11:00 Spotted pair courtesy feeding. One begging following "B" walking. Stopped on a snow patch. B brought up a morsel which A ate. Continued begging - poor as described above. Male unwell

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Catharacta maccormicki jalo at 'B's bill. B then stood tall & choked up another moorl which was eaten. B walked off few feet & sat. A. ate some snow + eat. 11:10 One bird just delivered challenge call on wing. Did this with wings almost horizontal in what appeared to be a normal glide postion. Continued call as it landed then right out challenge stand. Joined by second flying bird with called, then stood, finally separated. One flur off, second flur + landed again. Same one bird land on ice hammock 100 yde out on bay + give challenge as it landed. No other bird about. Another pair too begging as I wrote above. On big ice few yde. from shore. One too begging, pohing at mouth of other. Other bird down trying to renguited, turning + raising head to avoid first bird. Both stopped. 11:30. One member of settled pair at Narrow end of Solenay closed another out over bay ice. Actually chase so as to close gap between then glided around + returned. No suggestion of upglide or ritualized boundary display. 11:45 In right beneath eating something together Pont lenow of steroa recomplicated or not. Howwery both grabbed at + gave a momentary tug

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Hali 1960 Catharacta maccormicki after which they both ate their meal. One left. Another mewlet. Two birds close - a few feet apart - flew + called, glided in circle + landed 20 feet apart nearer the bluff then before. Both in challenge as they landed One flew 20 feet to a 34 bird. Both challenge. Second 2 now eating 18" apart. Nov. 3 Hallett Station. Arrived Station at 1:30 PM. Pair in a little begging sequence. Heard them before I spotted them. They are well camouflaged. Again one, &? begging other, standing upright, non naturalized. But both down once then back upright. Both discreet. Few minutes later another pair was seen also begging. The one being unimportant flew off. First pair in repeat. Both standing, one walked towards other put head down + brought up food w no preliminaries, other ate it & just then repeated then separated. Low grunting noise accompanies the ales abulant whine (like dog vabs like long tail) 2 to hard vs 1 till which bird is making noises or even if

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14abu 1960 Catharacta maccormicki Nov.3 the noise are coming from the pair being watched. Another pair who went through the ritual. Material brought up was a black oily looking stuff. Both ate snow afterwards. Sat. P1 sitting close near foot of slope. Strange bird came in across rilet made low pass stone, arched around+came in for second then 3rd pass. circle 50 yds in diameter. They made 4th pass- shelled right back for a 5th. Landed 25 feet away. Heard more each time he went on - cant tell if he hit - he did- because he just did it again + hit rock mated with marble level + went off with leg hanging - made 2 more circles + Deviated on last circle, he didn't come as low. His swoop seemed aimed always at one member of pair + always same one. P1 responded by challenge call but only one, the struck one raised wing in challenge display. All is quiet now. The pair has walked 10 just to slope + site yard apart - attacked into alone where he landed 40 feet away. 2:10 Single bird flies in. Not much challenged lands at S. and sherry gives challenge

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Catharacta maccormickii. Nov.3. display after landing. Set. A second bird come in a while later- challenged by a couple of pairs lands 15 feet from above, give challenge display after landing. Earlier saw a pair land, one before the other, both in challenge as soon as they landed. Was that to each other or the shawny in general. One thing, challenge is given in head down & head up; in head up position the body is tilted back in facsimile of strut of pomarine 2:20 An observation which confirms above. Bird landed near another, both in Challenge display. I noted that tail [illegible] was elevated slightly as in strut (stubby Tailed these) & head back. One then folded wings & was in perfect strut posture, held that. Both also slowly circled each other one raised wings again & then folded staying in strut. One they got challenged by Rock piper nearby pair when they got too close - responded in land. One of pair lunged at other & moved off but stayed 2:30 One bird in choke. Pair near S. tip of shawny. One bird in low choke call (seconds!) & in posture head down bill open tail end up

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Catharacta macroura Nov. 3 so that body is in line [illegible] like so, calling turning. Finally [illegible] sat on bowl occurred a second set. With sitting 10 feet off did nothing. Seemed to work feet back in a backwards scraping motion 2073 times as it settled, this with breast in bowl. Check. 2:45 One pin in begging [illegible] that arch comes at base of neck & is distinct break in line of back. Other bird walked off. Accompanied to beg call me me me in rhythm 1 111 sort of jeez gas me wal lijn togther. Several challenges observed are with tot bird borgyntel [illegible] sometimes fluffed a little. 3:05 Another chole. One member sitting still, looking to get away. Blittered me me call at regular intervals over 2 second apart. Other bird would answer to same call at times but now moved. Looking bird finally sat. 3:10 A pretty flutter off. Several pairs have flown off since due been here. Sometimes only one leaves more often it seems they total go. 3:15 One bird natural. Challenged by 2 single birds, alright say? Was one who at once stands quiet. 2 to mate? It preens

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Cathereta macconnichi No.3 3:18 Another bird arrives & lands is ignored. announces after he lands. At the same time one lands next in another above me. bird on ground announces as it lands then stops. another bird then announces. 3:20 P.M. 3:15 record. # which had been present all along seen sitting as if incubating uttering a very nasal i i i call intermittently pointing bill down ? as it did so. Old bird preens. 3:35. C. which strutted before. Umbarked bird walked toward rite. assumed strut posture tail up wing pointed down part tail Q etc. other streets & give challenge move off. Both quiet a moment then umbarked repeat get into strut then still holding tail up lowers head & begins right in front of old bird which turns to avoid her. Continues for a minute or so. Male bird (banded) begun uttering a different cry e i e slowly & intermittently at first. Then rapidly repeated. Then mounts female. F remains standing firmly squats. Male remains on flapping wings calling stops repeats who boggins wagging tail from side to side but everything stops right there. Set off

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Catharacta macrorhyncha. Mr. 3 3:45 While writing above pain above me goes at St. Heard cop. ay first male was already mounting calling e e e e hoarse urgent quality to St. Female remained standing suddenly turned head up & gabbled at this month rising into street posture at same time - This forced him off. The bird street then relaxed. He hopped on again & was forced off again a mwa time. Not completed. 3:50 A left beneath me. One member present. Second (banded) returns first (unbanded) recognize distant challenge (neighbor does) but goes with leg posture as runs 10 feet away. Walk & flutter over to meet O legs again eagerly. Mets bring up mireal which is eaten. 4:00. Same ps. unbanded bird just flew off. Banded renascent setting. 4:15 Number of pain returns. Mite challenge as he bands. Neglecting pain then challenge. Mite walks over to him & the Unquete a stirred with no preliminaries The lone a dialogue of e's exchanged singly both in upright choke. Both then set quietly. 4:30 Bird came in high. Bird on ground challenged. Circled dropped down landed next to challenger who went mts arch much

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Catharscta maccormicki Mr.3 begging posture as he touched down then ran to him with wings spread & immediately ate something he had regurgitated. Another bird came in a moment later, same section. And on ground challenged & begged as it landed. Arriving bird regurgitated in a moment other bird ate. Arrival then flew 30 feet to neighbor bird which challenged then went with street. beg posture - He walked off slowly gone no recognition. Bird followed fly finally sat 4 feet apart. First bird landed by sat 20 feet away. 4:45 One bird in choke. Call e e e mutter with a muted, moaning "begging" "angry" quality repeated at about 1 second intervals. Skook turned about on one spot. Head down, neck shortened. Finally set. No sign of mate. A p.sitting close by. 4:50 P. left below. Unbanded bird has returned - banded bird challenged (could 1 or 2 neighbors) at as it circled & landed. Banded stood quietly, sort landed then sat. Returned bird landed 10 feet off then walked to 5 feet from site & stood. 5:00 PM - Lift Senary

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Maker 1960 Catharacta maccormicki 14 Nov. 4 Nallit Station, antarctica Arrived Skuary at 10. A.M. Prior to leaving Camp I saw a pair of slender copulati on the ice, 100 yds behind the mice hell. ? or ? who stood, ? called copulation call. ? reached up + poked at his beak 2 or 3 times without nearing up + unseating him. (former possibly a stunt indicating still antegomestic feeling towards prospective mate - displaced.) He finally hopped off. A few seconds later I saw that they were at it again this time ? was sitting. ? was successful 2x judging by spasmodic sag of wings so they appeared to make contact. Side wagging of tail just before contact seen. Meanwhile back at the skuary. Flare camera set near 3 skuero. The two setting 1 foot apart & a 3 & 7 feet away 10:50. ? copulated at 5. end Skuary. Complete. ? remained standing in what is best described as the hunched posture. Norgonta lead with drawn [illegible]. As ? made contact she again opened her bill + reached up at his mouth 11:35 Single bird has been setting 30 feet from me all along. Another bird came, circled low over it & made

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Catherweta macconnellii Nov. 4 a low throaty noise (say å å (aon"a") in bed of moutl not throat wit- mouth (look) wowed say thr 3-4 time in about 1/2 second as it went by, Our bird reported by full challenge (the first 2 times, then simply stood second 293 times, finally after one worry part. (paces only 2-3 feet from starting bird) It flew + followed around on a circle passing other bird so that it landed just. One challenge and landed other landed + gone some cell still uttered more rapidly increased tamps until it became the i i i i call of the bow in greeting. At same time dove raising head+ breast to assuming a strut. Occupant attached- It cheated. (Lord, another strut), occupant attached, gone full challenge (more of this) Bird now sitting 3 feet apart. Previously one member of another pair - the pair of which moves were taken who left bag Barn before returned. Sat for long time then it went to mate assumed bag pose (moores) mate eventually moved off + choked, second bird walked over, lay stood, then sat - Home of this.

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Male 1960 Cattarausta macormicki. Nov. 4 11:55 a few minutes later when a strange bird flew over only the occupant gone [illegible] challenge display. Second bird simply flew & called. 12:40 P.M. one bird in close - cholo call (a die said) like dog whining, short little syllable > > > blees. Anyway 5th bird came over stood right adjacent & gave full challenge. No other bird in sight then there were 2 birds challenging from hillside, 50 yds away. And A choloed & pointed this posture very bumbled at head down. Bird B stood gave full challenge call without wing lifted. One partial challenge call a couple of other times. Bud & not. Bud Beat. While watching penguins arriving now, cape noted 2 skuas flying around together, just circling about, gliding and flapping. Later noted about to flying & circling over Willet Cove - strong breeze was then blowing. Have not made a note up to this time of the flying behaviour it is difficult to report: guest flying from what may be territorial defence chase & what may function in courtship. A time the flying birds remind me, very much

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Catharacta maccormicki: Nov. 4 of Bannen, the way they hold their head + its contour + the way its wing are used + held. This may be ritualized flight → I must note more of this in the future. Once heard a sharp shock wave from one albatross pulling out of a fast dive. Two were flying then. Typically when doing this the 2 birds will fly about staying fairly close, occasionally one or the other will drop to within 20-3 feet of the other, from a position above but these are not "perch" or the feet are not dropped. This is also the way Pomarine Skuas, checks were playing about together, they fall at Bannen. Nov. 7 Hellitt. Arrived at Searay 10:15. Took up position in same place used last time, a prominent mound towards alluvial fan. Observed a bird flying together, made a curve over slope, wings horizontal, over slowly then flew out across cone & penguin + did 2 more dives together then repeated. One flew back + landed on slope above me. Prot edge + S- (#1) one bird in choke call é or in hoarse + made light in the throat. stood with breast + head down tail + flankquaters elevated then sat down. repeated 3 times, mate walked about

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Malay 1960 Catharacta maccormicki Nov.7 stood but did nothing. Both then sat. Noted a third bird - member of pair rest home on core side (lr r) land on the pro territory was challenged + responded and but with head deftly definitely held so that bill was almost in neck folds like so [illegible] etc. Two birds, possibly pr1, possibly 1 each of pr 1+3 (N. of me) back 15 feet apart making incipient chalcing movement - noise suddenly flew up + towards each other, all bird full breast on + came down challenged + separated apart. I moved parents #1 territory so I believe latter assumption correct. A pair divided together one slowly came down + circled, low, one landed, the other kept flying in 20yd circle at 6-8 feet height passing over it. This bird made no response but stood with neck up - head on chin. A third bird landed, was challenged once both stood. As flying bird came over again the third one challenged at the second stood. Flying bird then flew low over the entire territory was challenged ad nauseum eventually flew out towards penguinery. Choke her 2 neighbours Sight Chase (done) territory defense this a good illustration I hope

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Maber 1960 Carbarata maccornichi Nov. 7 Another companion flight. Two flew about wobbery skewing together. Involved a chase when one fell behind on a turn - no pass but a glide up together both get going fast, set their wings & ghled. Body is sleeked & wings held as that distal part & slopes back a little the reminds one very much of raven. Anyway (also path of glide is just slightly upright than horizontal - not an upglide.) One bird landed E of me 25 feet near a sitting bud, chattering + both sat 3 feet apart. Other bird landed upon slope 70 yds away. 11:30h two bluffing long mutual calling. Both [illegible] in portion, foot counts of tail not fluffed. Call é é or éá, éá very silent there. One bird very minutely did this continuously for minutes or more Other bird kept stopping raising head + looking about 11:35 Same pain in copulation. Removed standing. Made it 3 times. I remained aboard throughout Friend head & jabbed at his bill about 3x in process. It in continuous cop. call, & gave low guttural growl each time he made it "rrrrrr"

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Latharida macconnelli. Nov. 7 11:50 P# 2 which had been sitting quietly got up + flew toward penguinery. 11:51 Cop. ps above flew off. 11:55 bird landed near second - 8 feet away immediately ran toward it in Food seeking pose & v. sequentiel. Second at t flagged snow (monie of lattis part of this). Both then ate snow. Bird which seques seems to bend bill in snow very emphatically. Arrived back at 2:14, left about 20 to 1 (12:40) all time above in 40 minutes slow. 2:20 Complete nest shake display by birds beside. away on bottom of slope. Hard them in chick call. Both standing head to head & calling for half minutes but A took steps forward. Bowing around 90° so they were: B then sat momentarily in this level, stood, shook then walked off for aastyre. A then sat in level stood sat again - staggered both times tremend. B 2 feet away chucked + then sat. Wing announcement 2:30 Saw a flying bird announcing briefly sat as it came in for landing - did "V" glide for 15 feet so then fluttered to landing still in challenge call.

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Male 1960 Catharacta maccormicki: No. 7 One p.m. when quiet bed a feeding display left the slavery (2:40) Copulation 3:00 Cop. of pair N. of meat lagoon edge. Male standing for 2-3 minutes calling ë ë ã ã ñ ñ n nasal quality intermittent, increasing tempo sometimes, accompanied by raising wings would then become rapid + was cop. cry. Q stood languidly in hunched posture but not quite that submissive & mounted a couple of times. Briefly, Q sat once, stood at standing chirder times. When he mounted for good she sat, purred intermittently during act. Raned tail + seemed ready to complete, Q didn't seem ready, dropped off ~ they challenged each other 2 quite (more of last, one approach) Copulation 3:15 P.1 (n 2?) copulated - movies. 3:30 P before quiet flew off headed up the bay towards landing strip. 3:46 - returned together Cop 4:00 Another cop. the difference was the fact that the Q was seen in food begging (the not known if complete) a minute or 2 before the male started his intermittent Cop call + build up (flehed) Left post at 4:15 + walked about the slavery. There seems to be a larger

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Muley 1960 Catharacta maccormicki Nov.7 number of birds about then there were several days ago and the birds seem a little more cautious. I found I could get to within 6 feet of some birds before they would move off, walk off rather than fly. As yet the birds haven't manifested any hostility towards me except an occasional challenge that I think is directed towards me. Nov.8 Hallett. Arrived in Steaney at 1:45. Stopped a few minutes on edge of penguin rookery where 2 pr. slnas are located. Established myself in some spot in rock Steaney. In one (see map left) 20 feet apart. Strange slnas - color my bonded landed near one. It didn't challenge or respond. Second of a got up, stood tall & walked over to where they stood. Head tall & shimmied wing carpal, slightly raised chest right out. Looked red fresh. Outsider in bundled for second retreated along to first pair member. Finally when Second got to within 2 feet it flew off. No vocal sound on either part 2:35 Bird (balled) flew by w penguin egg held in beak. Land upon ice logs from shore. Joined stone by a bird from the slnas. Challenged it as it landed.

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Malay 1960 Catharacta maccormicki No 8. Second bird peeled egg & began eating, they bared & taking slips alternately. Finally bird (unbanded foot) walked 3 feet to small ice cake & began eating snow. Both then sat side by side. 2:45 The same pair seen in pain feeding. Banded bird regurgitated once for other bird which was begging. It then arped hill in snows few times, other time. Stood & flown off. Second followed a moment later. Witnessed one copulation of pair over near slope in which the 7 stood up & gave the challenge display just as the 7 reached clirning. Effectively unneated the old boy. [ p. 12 ] Copulation of pair just S. of my spots over by edge of cone. Several interesting points about this copulation. It began immediately after the 7 fed the female. He at once went to cop. calls, got himself well wound up, spread wings & mounted. Female sat down until he made contact. He remained on her & made contact 2 times while she stood. She sat again for the 4th round. A remanments continuously. 7 gave the chirring note just before & during contact.

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Catharsita macccormicki Nov.8 One aspect of & during cop. I hadnt & practice in copulation m the body by barely raising wing carpet a hair. Later, Sals noticed that the begging bird has this flattened appearance when begging. I begin to think that the dumping of bill down in context with lower neck & breast has a signal function. Bird looks, like: when it doesn't. Have seen birds do this sitting when stronger flee one. Sometimes then stands & starts challenge with head like this than raising head in challenge call- Check all this One last display. A bird landed on ice 10 feet from edge of slurry. One once went in to regurgitation pose & second bird then went into begging pose. Both stopped & challenged a bird overhead (Leaping, bird first) & resumed. Nov.9 On the terminal moraine of the glacier across the bay there were 5 to 6 pcs of shrews located. These do apparently a well defined slurry hole so we found nests & even one dead adult bird. The area occupied covers perhaps 2 acres. The birds here must feed very heavily on whitem pelt

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Catharacta maccormicki Male, 1960 Nov. 9 as they were the commonest remain found + meat ranged To pithe Bones We found one nest cavity completely lined or ringed with their bones. Also found a couple of snow petrel remains in the area. On the bay ice in front of the skua we an area a couple of hundred yard square I picked up the remains of five snow petrels (+1 wing in skua + one juvenile to head partly gone) I would resume from this that the skuas are feeding on the young chicks which must emerge from their burrows after the bay ice freezes in the fall. Nov. 12 04?? Curved skua 1:40, took up old post. Pt to S. of post made up of PT Red + an mumbled bird is a wide red. band on one leg. 2:10 Pt. wpulated NE of my portion about 20 feet away, both unmarked or banded birds. & definitely flattens herself down-ment when begging. Begging initiated by F &/a (both blue) triggered by the male beginning to regurgitate. After regurgitating F & had eaten she remained with head + body horizontal. F began intermittent begging cry increasing in frequency intensity. As it we he began spreading wing. Finally 25

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Catharacta maccormicki Male 1960 26 Nov. 12 hopped oz. I had a stern view. 9 flutters self by spending wing a lot, including scapulars as she looks [illegible] from rear. She again gave low-guttural nerve at contact. 87 was fluffed up in body feathers through performance. Maintained cop. cell until towards end when he gave it only occasionally. Contact 4 to 5 times. loud 2:20 Two birds in new lead swooping dive flew along glacier front circled back flew + gilded together, then repeated, one landed on hill one continued out landed next to another slope for Wnt bump slope. Copulation 2:22 Copp. alone. Bird flew on ? in full challenge, 9 in challenge all only 2:40 PT Red mate flew off. 3:05 One skua flew to Skua 7 penguin egg in hill - landed up slope. Cupulation Pm W of me in Cop. 37 or 820 feet apart. 9 flew + flew, she begged be regurgitated then began cop. cell. broke off walked off 6-8 feet + cloked (Kolechion). I walked away. 9 followed finally they copulated. Set. Male walked + cloked once then sat. Copulation Copp. of 2:22 only lone been sitting on snow path. I got up chold 10 feet away, sat in bowl

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Catharacta maccormicki Nov. 12 3:15 Group of shaws flew low over. Both announced. I started close call. I got up - began walking to him. She sat left from him. He continued, she got up walked but looked at very expected call as she approached. He moved that + she sat in nest. & they sat. (Bl + white picture.) A moment later they challenged once again the D gave full challenge, female only call. At a more distant territory the pair was present. A third bird landed. Both displayed at him. He stood his ground + walked off as they came toward him. Finally flew. Some of this is the posture he assumed when he displaying birds be adopted to Upright head + neck tall + feathers sleeked, Body gave aspect of attention stance wings at carpal joints held out just slightly. He oriented his body so that generally, except when they forced him to move he was facing them at 45° & he even sidled away from them oriented that way on unless they molested him. Saw no "turning away" of head.

5 = 301 4 = 12 3 = 42 2 = 230 1 = 204 3. ?n. 2. (230) 1. (289) 4. Willett Cove 1. Rot. 4ft yw-0n 3204 2. = 4ft. yw-BL 3230 3. = [illegible] yw-BL 3=42 4. = 2 4ft Blue (illegible) unmarked 3 12 5. Single unmarked land (meter band on left leg.) [206] - 301

Catheracta macroura Arrived skuzzy for observation 3:35pm. At Yw-Or at mound. Left Yw Or joined at 5 minutes late. Latter then walks & spots N of me - is swooped at by 4ft p230 ( < 1946) 3:50 Left Yw-Or leaves toward roobery. Flew back to mate on mound a few minute ago. Has been out of sight on far side of mound. p230 - p2 announces. Only 4ft Yw-Or raises wings Shew flew one, it something, egg I think, in bill - being mobbed by 4 others - they followed him 'til he landed on bill & mobbed him on ground also. Noted individual to W of me - give challenge. Definitely put bill on breast as he began display then raised head as he raised wings another time he stood so if to challenge put bill on breast & then stopped. 4:12 A good aerial display. Two individuals flying, gliding & diving together, one landed on slope high, second landed near a bird which displayed & chased it. Attempted again then another, a third bird flew up, they circled out & glided together. One then landed below the other finally landed right to another line

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Catharacta maccormicki 2043 Nov.13 4:15. Lft Yw-01 returns. Pt Yw-01 display no head bob, then respond to challenge display. Just noticed also that pair #2 has left. (4:15) 11:20 Unmarked bird flew from one Pt Yw-01. Lft Yw-02 sitting 20 feet D. Pt gives no response. Bird returns second time Pt gives head bob + puts bell down [illegible] Like the (port of?) makes no sound other bird doesn't return. Lft no response at all. B.12 [illegible] Pt 4 (summary) Lft Blue + unmarked Copulated on ice of cone 50yds from shore near a penguin body they have been defending + feeding on. (I dropped at t here the S.) Lft blue returned to territory sat a long time, mate finally joined at (both challenge). Lft Blue flies out + chase bird from penguin returns to ten. 4:45 Lft Blue + mate fly out + chase bird at which lands at penguin. Lft Blue first makes pass at other bird 100yds out & returns. The pt did this once before also ~ chased for 100yds or so no pass.

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Make 1960 Catharacta maccormicki Nov.13 4:50 Lft Yw - On walks past Pt Y-O 35 feet to position N. of me 30 feet, near small snow path - give occasional chink call, makes as if to choke then sits down 5:10 Pt Y-O - flies 20 feet & lands 20 feet from Lft. Walks slowly towards Lft. takes time, swander, poles to feel at ground, picks up bits of feather etc (7 shell) at 7 feet Lft gives one little call &h. Lft sits 18" from Lft [Fr 230] 5:25 Lft Y-O returns lands on Cone side of #15 mound 5:27 Saw a food tug on snow slope. Heard the begging call then noticed the tug - both with wings raised as they pulled, the food broke & both at once at their part (assuming both got a part). 5:35 left slowly. Unmarked shear sitting N. of me 20 feet during most of watch left once & returned a short time later w. a penguin egg. Dropped Landed on snow patch, put egg down & bit at it 2x in his beak before brushing through. Then ate contents & sat down near me again. Nov.14 Arrived slowly 1:40 P.M. Bird approached Bird 5 (or more) were seen to fly in and

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Hailey 1960 Catharacta maccormicki Nov. 14 land, he was carrying a penguin egg in his bill which he proceeded to eat (the egg). The egg was frozen hard & he smashed. It to pieces ate it in chunks. This bird was here yesterday afternoon, is single as far as I know - he was seen brought in + ate a fresh penguin egg yesterday. Thus more than one other shell on his territory that may be his. Lft Blue is on territory (4), he was absent yesterday evening. Lft Yw-O 50 percent lay snow path 1:55 Lft Y-Gr + Lft Y-BL arrived, challenged after landing, are now 1 foot apart, one sitting, one standing. Rt Y-O. All white pictures qft in bill down display. Given without sound when another skua came by about 12 feet up. 2:15 Lft Y-Gr + Lft Y-BL standing one (but end aluminum band) regurgitated other (look on band) ate piece. Standing 2:17 Lft Blue + met on Ten. Suddenly fly off penguin 60 yards out chase of pair which had been feeding there. 2:32 Lft Y-Gr + Lft Y-BL flew off towards penguins. Y-BL was last to leave Y-Gr had already left. Penguin egg one band (301) already caten at Coast 3 penguin eggs R 12 B 204 R 230 B 204 Bill down 4k Y-Gr Red band on left leg + (but end aluminum band) regurgitated other Lft Y-BL Red band (left leg) [illegible]

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Catharacta macrorhynchi Make, 1960 Nov-14 2:40 (4P A V) land well. Y mate, regurgitates, then walks off 10 feet uttering shake call occasionally, shakes momentarily rests. Partner stands without moving. Mate finally walks over slowly + sits 3 feet from it. 2:45 Pt Y-O moved 12 feet east. Van been here alone since dawned. [301] #5 sitting band moved once be at egg, 2:55 Just witnessed a furious fight. Involved bird Both - Br. o mothers saw them already engaged to yde from bee on ground. Both Br. was down & the other bird had a good hold on it with its bill. A third unmarked bird stood by - the one announced a few times to passing birds but otherwise simply shooed 10-12 feet from the fighters. They fought savagely using feet in alternate shewing motion & bills. Or was held down in 2 or 3 long intervals by the other, who appeared to have a hold of Br's neck for head. Once I thought the unmarked bird up with it - he spread wings out & down, spasmodically as if he had just made contact. Possible? Birds finally up - all 3 challengers other 2 vs Queen - Queen adversary shook again + been flew cleared off by other unmarked penguin. Wing

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Male 1960 Catharacta maccormicki 33 Nov.14. & feather lunker in place. Feathers seen flying in fang. Third bird flew a minute late. Fray lasted 10 minutes. Lft Blue gondid met co-mate the above. 3:10 Y-0♀ moved 20 feet from nest, out, then left shugy when I wasn't looking. 3:15 Pt Y-9♀ returns land near nest then moves 30 feet away & sits. Mate gets up (few minutes later) flies to have it. No challenges stands, mate sits. Pt O-Y finally flies, mate leaves a moment later. 3:25 bird flies past w penguin egg in bill. Left above watch at 3:40 & left shenary at 4 PM. Post mortem noted. - A triangle Pt Y-0 was seen presumably with his mate, a third bird landed with by them. All 3 challenged. Challenging continued for several minutes sometimes together, at times Pt Y-0 & stranger, alternating. All 3 then sat. Stranger finally departed. Lack of hostility vs stranger, i.e allowing him it vs remain & showing no attempt to drive it off was puzzling. Nov.17 31 Shuas were seen bathing, preening, and resting near a small melt pool on the

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Catharacta maccormicki Nov.17 Willett Cove 100 yd off shore from Bonne Bleuie way Sam 2 sweeping & diving together, one made 20-3 passes at the other forth then landed at adjacent nests, some 20 ft apart in shrubry. Nov.18 Pt. O&Y. showed interesting reaction to my presence near nest. It was standing 30 ft W. of nest I was walking past nest towards it. The bird walked & ran from me backing & raising wings, finally flew. This very reminiscent of Lomarina, what I regard as important distraction. Saw 2 birds at a distance in act of courtship feeding. Was attracted by the call being given by the begging bird (C & D porcuna) It was the same begging call given by pom. chicks when food begging, shrill high pitched ngi ngi ngi ngi ngi. This actually is very similar to normal begging call & latter can be derived from A (vic vena also) by lowering pitch, adding a "ubeezz" component & dragging out each syllable begging & Food beg call so also usually uttered one syllable at a time & each independent entity not phrased as the full call is.

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Catheracta macroura Nor.18. Call given by one slena when I disturbed A while incubating was as follows. The bird gives a whinnying call which often starts with a low "u" and then ends in a high pitched whinny, like so "u" later the bird dropped the "u" and gave only the latter part of the call, comes in pitch, 4-6 syllables "u" "u" "u" "u" "u" "u" guttural with a high pitched component at the same time, the bird warbles between the 2 extreme & usually ends in a high tune slightly drawn out. A rather elaborate description probably worthless & taken from member of pr 78! Arrived slavely 3 PM. One Y-0 off rest joined with at mound remained 3 + 4 minute then 2 RT Y-0 flew back began incubating. 301 percent sitting, alone. 3:20 RT 0-y returns & lands by mute. Immediately begins to arguegate. My morning to get movie camera stopped them & they both set down; 3:30 RT 0-y flies off. Saw an interesting list of behavior. In distant p. On ground, one pr challenging third bird member of neighbor pr I believe. It receives wrap as if in challenge, thrusts head forward the ways they do in starting an attack.

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Cathartes melancphalus 36 Make 1960 No. 18 + Station drew head in & folded wings raised neck & went into "bill down" pose Turning head away from opponents at same time. They challenged & ended in bill down (neststone did not sure of role). Bird sat where it was. Other bird 10 feet away & believe associated with it didn't move. An incubating bird gave interesting challenge - began in head up bill down (then opened bill) gave challenge call & finally raised head & called. All done in smooth sequence while remaining sitting on nest. Wingpenea raised. 4:09 Rty-0 left nest + flew to Lty-0 on mound. A third bird had landed next to Lty-0. The bird flew a both Y-0s challenged, Left Y-0 sat stone, Rty-0. Stands there. 4:11 Lty-0 flies to nest & sits near it. Rty-0 still standing 4:13 Lty-0 gets up, walks 2 feet to nest + settles on it. Rty-0 standing on mound. 4:25 Rty-0 eating snow on side of mound. 4:32 Rty-0 gone. 4:45 Lty-0 landed 9 feet from nest Rty-0 began shelling the mate walked slowly over from 15 feet away sat in bowl 3-4 feet from

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Maher 1960 Catherata maccormicki 37 left Y-B. Left Y-3l began eating snow + act. O the got up overalled up. Left y-o no sign of Territory defense. Muffled call in descending pitch m'm m'm m'm, accent on first like saying m but keepint mouth closed. Then food begging call. (Note: we now.) Saw this pair copulated & kept uttering a similar sounding copulation call. He might have made that done while female was laying. Be gave "churn" or "chortle" if you will of satisfaction each time he made contact. Left 5:20 P.M. Nov.19 Ten sleeve at a small melt pool on sea ice S. of shuang. The birds were bathing, preening and resting. After lunch threw a snow petrel carcass out the door, in 10 seconds a bird landed & began eating. He was then chased off by a second who supplanted him. The first bird then circled about + flown at the second bird striking it so It came over the repeated 5026 times Posture of second bird interesting as bird A approached it crouched, erected its tail raised scapulars & kept head down like 20. [illegible] Bird (never noticed) side front (the tail being erected)

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Catharacta maccormicki. 38 Make, 1960 Nov.19 in the manner before Walked through pungumy locating nesting shuas. Saw shua land near edge of small penguin clan. One ran Towards him chasing, the shua retreated on just as far as chased didn't fly. Shuas regard pungumy as common hunting ground. No hostility to other birds hunting. Witnessed left Red hunting one colony 200yds from his nest. Other shuas hunting about area went unnoticed. This is in context again by jaeger which when nesting display to other jaegers even away from territory. This of course not true in regard to food steal. Hobbing is seen frequently in evidence when one bird gets a hold of a bit of food + fighting + for assertion of dominance is frequent at larger food stores or source. Nov20. Contour feathers in nest 35,1 egg Contour feathers 1 egg nest nest. Noticed down bits & I believe cont- our feathers in other nests earlier, but made no note. Do in future Bathing 27 Shuas about their ponds, sea ice in front of Bonge ice fall. Nov22. Same shua lay an egg while

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Makey 1960 Catharacta macrorhyncha making last round. Bird was noticed standing hunched in nest bowl. I thought it sick as it seemed inflated in feathers ruffled up. As I watched I saw something drop from it Cloaca, I stepped nearer + it flew, when we spied the egg covered w/ copious mucous. This was pr 25 + the bird which laid egg had red band on left leg (thermoplate) + no aluminum band 10 birds at bathing place on ocean Nov. 21 At Precipice this day. There is a small moraine on the S. side of the glacier, a small area of rocks & rubble in piles & ridges which remind one of mine tailings or areas in the strip mine country of Illinois. The moraine measures about 100 yd across & perhaps 300 yds long at its shaped and might be 7-8 acres in area. Don Douglas counted 12 nest sites + territorial pairs in his wandering one. It trying to scare birds to my noose. He did not cover the moraine top of the area so the total population might have

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Catharasta maccasumucki been 15-18 pairs Total - I moved 2 finally on the ice before the shrewy & Ron got 2 with roches. All were killed in a titlene in a plastic bag which was put over their head. It worked very effectively. While trying to moor birds I had one grizzled character defend the bait as a territory. He would not eat himself but tried to keep others away. The interesting thing was seeing him announce on the wing with wings held V & a long glide calling as he did so. Earlier this or another bird did the same thing near the glacier, a "V" glide which however, ended by the bird landing on the ice - There the only 2 real genuine "V" glide announcements I have seen. Nov. 23 Pair 25 has produced an egg which is abnormally small. It is approximately 1 1/2 inches long & proportionately wide. Lack of defenesseness of birds with 107 shortly after the second egg is noticeable. Today one bird which had an egg now simply left it at my approach with no reaction. This makes detection of early nests some-

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Maleg 1960 41 Catharacta maccormicki Times a little difficult r is a general rule. Their defeniveness seems to rise gradually as they incubate. #230 had feces a build about nest site. #78 - one member of this pair bombarded me with a shot of a vile smelling bile - salt secretion when at the nest. This only one that has shown this defense. I hope to be only one. Nov. 24 Sketch from memory of shu laying an egg. Nest 330. One adult present with an egg yet the bird flew off with no comment when I approached Nest 3 - this pair live for some time - week or more but located some distance from #3 site. Hence abrupt change in record for this pair In general the birds are getting more +more defensive + aggressive as they incubate. Many are absolutely non-defensive when they get their egg at first to the complete finding the nest as artless the records in which paragons suddenly

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Catharacta maccormicki 42 Mauy 1960 Nov.24 found to have 2 egg I notat a large number of birds, 50 or more, about one melt pool near first glacier, S. of Bonnie Ice Fall. Nov.26 Nest 74 Noted down + contour feathers, about the nest Nest 36 Noted also contour feathers about this site also Nest 5-2 also had down + contour feathers in bowl + about it. This nest also had a more elaborate lining of penguin feather, some contour + tert feathers, than I have noticed before. Observed an interesting bird yesterday while skimming the seals. Plumage- wise it was fully adult though it did seem a little slight in build in comparison with some others. At any rate I just noticed it because it was giving the chick begging call & was observed in the typical chick hunched posture. It was standing by another, adult + both were near a piece of shubber. The adult B* announced & responded to the beg call, did the turns & the adult finally drone it off. The same bird was observed again several times in similar situations-

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Cathartes macrourus: Each time it gave way to a bird desiring the food it was picking at. It never was seen give a challenge display but in each instance reverted to chick behaviour & was displaced from the food. This is probably abnormal behavior such a bird could hardly defend a territory or mate normally. I wonder though. Nov. 27 P. L.: Down feathers were about site when one was sitting. It seemed pretty attached to the site & an egg may be forthcoming N.-1 egg. Down scattered among rocks about nest site. Next 1 with 2 eggs (second one new today) had down & at least one contour feather about nest. D- had food down about nest site also. 235 - 1 egg - " " " " " " 209 - Down feathers about site up slope from the cavern. 77 - Φ egg. Down present about site. Witnessed one attempted copulation on hillside, and one copulation on small, snow patch during round. Also I remark seeing a pair in copuli yesterday. This is getting rare now in the shivery as eggs laying seems about to end soon.

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Catheracta maccormicki: I noticed one bird give an aerial "V" announcement. It descended as it did so + then fluttered to a landing. This followed a brief chase. Other bird did not land but flew on. Nov. 29 Observed a penguin near nest 339. Standing next to the incubating bird + peering at it. He was also tentatively policing his bill at it in a fashion somewhat hesitant + curious rather then hostile. This continued for some minutes, the shua getting more + more angry + taking several pokes at the penguin. Finally the shua left the nest + fluttered at the penguin which went away. The shua returned to the nest. Two nests on foot of a mound with a colony of penguin entrant. At 7 PM when I arrived to make rounds I found that the fresh pond in the shurry had been constituted. The area was completely dry yesterday. 28 shuao were bathing + standing in it. At shurry across bay. Brian counted 9 nesting pairs present there, 5 w/ 2 eggs, 2 w/ 1 egg + 2 w/ 0 egg. We collected 3 birds + 2 clutch of 2 eggs. The shurry

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Maley 1960 Nov.29 did seem less crowded than the last time. This may be due to the fact that we broke up some pairs by collecting 4 birds then + also to the departure of some more breeding birds. Brian says there are no birds in taped end of shrubbery; however I did notice a pair defending nest. there when we were descending, but that part of shrubbery probably held less than I thought it did last time + the map scaled from that trap should be adjusted accordingly. The birds over here are depending on Wilson's Petrel + Snow Petrel for food. Chiefly the former, as judged by the remains observed about the nests. We did see one pork chop bone indicating that they savange over by the base + also a few penguin remains. Several pairs are located along the top of the cliff. We saw perhaps 3 pairs each with one or more scrape but no egg in the section we covered. Birds were seen flying along close to cliff face pathway down. No reason why they couldn't nest there also (though) we saw no sign that they did. Dec 2 While walking around I noticed R.T.H., [illegible]

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Catharacta maccormicki: Dec 5 Arrived at the denery at 9:50. Sat near nest 204. Both off nest. R.Y-0 walked back to nest wings up, and after a minutes pause sat on the egg. Left.Y-0 stands and watches me 10:01 Shua flies over. L. gives challenge display, a second time as the bird circles 10:12 L. is sitting 10:14 Shua flies in. L. gives 2 syllable challenge + stands. Rt. gives same call while sitting on nest. The bird circle - gets no recognition on the second circle; on third L. puts bill down + give muffled call, raising head as he did as he sits. 10:15 another shua, L. stands gives brief call half raises wings then folds them, stands; sits. 10:20 p. 350 copulating. Bird with Al. hand on left tarsus is male. He mounted several times. We not successful. The ♀ turned head up + jabbed at his bill + breast when he mounted, jabbed 3 or 4 times finally turning head aside + straightening up as she pushed. This knocked the off. It is possible that courtship feeding is a necessary prelude to copulation on part of ♀. It seems to me in retrospect

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Catheracta macroura Dec. 5 Now, that when the Q does this bill jabbing in copuli she usually dumps the male + when she is fed first copulation has manually been successful. Check this! 10:25 L? stands, gives 2x call at passing bird. 10:26 Shna, low (2 feet) right through territory. R? in challenge call; L? in full challenge. 10:29 Bird flies over low (12 feet) R? on nest gives full bill down. L? nothing. 10:30 Same bird back, R? in bill down, L? in brief challenge display, another circle; L? in bill down, R? nothing; another circle + neither gives any response. 10:35 a copulation, by pair in Spa. Q setting, jabbed a few times at ? during the process. Blood up & uttered "gratification" call as male-male contact but appeared to toss him off at the same time. 10:46 L? gets up, stretches left side, gives challenge to bird flying over. R? in challenge call from nest. 10:45 R? 42 - unbandd has been standing 4 feet from nest on mound, banded incubating. Just noticed banded standing 1/2 feet from nest, facing

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Catharacta maccormicki Dec. 5 away + forcing bits over its shoulders. Sometimes I could see what it was, white flecks of something, sometime not. It seemed to take an instant to locate an object by some conditions. It did this for a minute, (favoring its right side), stretched, and then sat down again on the eggs. Unbanded stood nearby peering; did nothing. 2:30 has been here since my arrival. One or nest with mate sitting 12 feet from the nest. 2:04: L is situated 15 feet NW of nest. This has been his station all along. 11:02 Two slams swooped to within 10 feet of p. 204, neither made a move. 11:10 Witnessed a nest relief ceremony in p. located between I + J. When first noticed the darker member of pair was standing facing away from nest & was forcing objects over its shoulder. Light member was in choble posture when just seen + then sat on the nest in exaggerated fashion, squirmed from side to side. Dark kept up the forcing for 3 minutes or more, slowly moving until he was 3-4 feet away. It favored its right side. Light got up once, turned about 60° and sat + wriggled again. Light repeated this a minute or 2 after dark stopped forcing.

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Catharacta maccormicki Dec 5. Pairs now stands 4 feet from nest. 11:17 While writing above L.2041 gone challenge display to passing adult. 11:19 Non-moulting 230 gony, was present 304 minutes ago when a they Adelie penguin inspected it. 11:24 Light member of either previous pair again shifted its position on nest. 11:27 Unbanded 42 walks slowly down mount to nest giving an occasional low cell a a a 1e m with an a sound in St. At took a position behind and 4 right of Banded who gets up + steps forward. Banded goes through courting ceremony, picking up, billing, and tossing white objects; some of which it seemed to have trouble tossing. Unbanded sat, fuzzy, got up and sat down again several times. Banded flew off. 11:36 Mate 280 to back, landed several minute ago, was challenged by R. y.0 on nest. Didn't respond. 12:08 Copulation is still flourishing. In on edge of pond have just copulated and also pr. 350. In latter case one bird returned to second who begged from it. A long-meated begging routine on part of three birds. Copulation followed. Former case was seen more

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Catharacta maccormicki. Male 1960 Pec 5 clearly. & jabbed bill at male a few times, leaning slightly as she did so. Male kept place and contact was made once. Femind standing through it. Male off at end, female might have done it. He went into momentary challenge but she remained in horizontal position flattened, and remained again. She gave "gratification" call when contact was made. 12:21 Banded 42 lands 20 feet from nest stands up, gives i.e.e cell a few times. Unbanded responds, got off nest, spread wings walked to banded holding wings up, neck forward and body & neck feathers raised. At food which banded had regurgitated without my seeing and returned to the nest. Banded picks up the crumbs and sits down. 12:45 Member of pr. 31 who has been sitting alone all morning stood up, picked up a pebble, then stood a while and finally ate several more. 1:00 PIT left denning. Situation undated, except that 230 mates gone. R. 204 sleep on nest. Sun in out.

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Maker 1960 Catharacta macarmikii 52 Dec 5 armed back at slavery at 2:30. R 204 percent, one member of 230, + one of 42 2:38 Unbanded 42 landed 4 feet from nest. LT in L? Y-0 who iron the nest. 3:00 PM Banded 42 gave 2 Ee cells, stood up, walked a foot or 2 + stretched, wing straight up, then flapped then 2 or 3x exercising + finally fade off. Unbanded then half flew over + sat on egg. 3:07 LTH of 230 landed. R-204 announcer called, LTH 230 announced. 3:10 R Y-0 walked to L Y-0 stood by it, then put head down by its abdominal area in the aerial view-left shows. The upper figure is the incubating L Y-0. L finally got egg walked off 3 feet, wing flapping + peened. R - sat on nest. Kedchrome slide sequence of date: 3:16 L? Y-0 flew out over Willitt Cove, returned & landed on mound 3:38 L.T.H., 230 just took off + flew to both pond. 3:58 Unbanded 12 standing by nest giving soft E E E E E cells. Commencement of egg cell particularly when this warming up, but more gentle less assertive. Left Blue finally & this uttered at while the bird was study

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{ "text": "Cathartes macrourus\n\nDec 5 with bird up + when he past down in\ncholc position. Bandel finally got up off\n4:35 quit saw and [illegible] relief at\nnext \"L\". Incubating bird flew straight\noff to Spa. Otter in cholc position set down.\n4:40 Bandel 42 returns - lands 20 E an\nbefore, marketing bird comes right past, flies,\nbeeps + is fed. Bandel noticed soft call\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]\n[illegible] [illeg [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

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Catharacta maccannichi Dec 6 Arrived at Steney at 10:05. One mends 204 percent, incubating. 230 is present, one sitting 20' E as usual yesterday and one of 42 in incubating. 19 Shuas at Spa. 10:08 15 penguins came along. Chased Shua 245 off nest. All stood about nest area for a while, now moved towards egg. They then walked off in a bunch. Two of them were seen bending over & peering at the egg. 10:13 Mate of 42 is back. 10:33 Pt Y-0. returns from Spa site at the usual place 11:00 Status quo as far as 204, 230, & 42 are concerned. In 204 & 42 percent, one of 230. all sitting quietly. 10:50 Group of 13 penguins arrives just beyond 205 & 206., chase Shuas off nest. Have been standing there ever since (11:05) During Shuas away as they attempt to come in & nest. Some have looked at the egg but so far made no move & brush them. 11:12 There has just been a nest change at 42 - Bonded bird now off nest sitting & gets from it. 11:30 8 penguins still about the nest (Other leaving 30 feet away. Penguins soon

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Mala 1966 Catharacta maccormicki Dec 6 bored but untractable, one is lying down, other stand hunched up; but they will not at close come in. 11:35 4 penguins now lying down though one stood up when shua made another approach. There are now 10 penguins, the sleeping one has rejoined the group & one other I must have missed earlier, 11:50 Nest relief at 2:05 - 16mm picture of it. Now 19 penguins at that nest. They are moving out & heading this way. Earlier, about 10:50 I recorded a shot pa nest relief at 2:06. 11:52 Lena finally sat back on nest, penguin all left; now by nest 12, bird has stayed on nest however. 11:55 Penguin finally moved off over williet one after standing about nest 12 for a couple of minutes. They took off abruptly & join a hurry as usual with them. The status quo is same at my 3 pairs except that the Banded 42 has departed. I did not see Peter at 9:00. (12:15) R D.Y (a R-Y) relieved at 2:05 above is on shore of Spa 12:28 P.Cop. in "island" of land in S. snow patch? New pair?? 12:35 Banded 42 returned, landed 30

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Catharacta macroura Dec. 6 fut E of nest (as yesterday), unbanded came over & was fed. Banded then flew To Spa, unbanded, walked back to nest. 1:15 RTH, 230 arrived. Mete gave chilling call. Confusion! Mate of 204 (L.Y-0) arrived, landed on mound. Mate of 230 abruptly present 15 E of nest. Hence arrival R+H, I have no guess. He had color marks on one wing Black Green I believe. Hence R.Y-0 has been on nest all morning. Left at 1:30 my time (1:17 actual time. My watch gains about 10 minutes on the hour). Dec. 7 Arrived alway 2:15 P.M. Time approximate as my watch was stopped. P, 204 present R-Y-0 or nest 230 - ad. incubating 42 ad circulating, unbanded. ♀ 206 Ad pre. " 205 " " " 2:40 Banded 42 long, 20 E of nest, Persion, Standing at at 2:45 feet 4 Spc. 2:52 L.Y-G returns lands on mound 40 W. of nest 42. Peers 3:00 Mated 206 returns lands 12 feet 3:05 Mate 205 returns - Rita banded 206 on ground one lands & announce, stands

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Catharacta maccormicki Males 1960 Dec 7 4 feet from nest. 337 bird trying to oust incubating bird has been stand by nest for 5 minutes at least calling. 3:15. Incubating bird at 337 finally stands up & walks away, Annemarie to passing bird then flies. Other bird who gave up trying to get off the egg & has been sitting 3 feet away, walks over & sits. Mate 205 gets up & flies off at same time. 3:30 205 effect a change of incubation duty about 3-4 minutes after the above entry - the banded bird has just returned his bathing in a puddle near the nest. 4:07 Brown Pied came previous at 3:55 or so. Everything upset. At 3:50 incubating 230 had gotten up & a few moments later had flown. Mate was about to sit, in fact made several starts when Brown scared them off (2-17-6) In return it mate returned from a bath, preened & sat on eggs. 4:12 Five penguins came by 337. Bird remained on nest. They didn't molest it. 4:25. L. Red just flew by from Spa. Flora came + landed at nest. 4:30 R.O.Y returns from Spa to 206, Lando

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Catherecta macacornida: 10 feet from nest & green. First Spia Callburge Call as it lands. 4:40 Mite of 230 has left within the last minute or two. Both 42 + 204 pro are both present. 4:42 230 just returns from both lands 40' NE of nest - 204 in brief challenge call. 4:47 Green Spa in attempted cop. Filmed some fit. 4:50 230 returns again, this time from access core when he went about 5 minutes ago- 5:15. Pro 230, 204, 442 are all present, as are 206 & 205. Now pair by Spa present. 301 percent. This bird went through shake to motion, above, for just a few seconds a moment ago. Leaving anyway. Dec 8 Annulled at 11:35 204. L. Y-O on nest when jarred. R. Y-O replaced it after I had disturbed them. 230 L.T.H. on nest. Got off when I came but returned. RTH present 42 Present didn't get off when I came, unbaked off net. 43 Birds + around Spa. 11:47 RTH. 230 flew off towards pensummary ,

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Maken 1960 Catharacta maccormicki Dec 8. 11:58 Eleven penguins standing (one lying) on edge of Spa. 12:20 7 penguins have walked around Spa and are now at its south end. The other 7 split off and walked out ontoullet cone. 12:28 Unbanded 42 who had very gradually been shifting his position from an original 15 feet from nest to 40 feet over the last 15-20 minutes, walked slowly to nest. The incubating bird (banded) at once got up, stretched wings vertically walked few steps forward. Unbanded set. Banded spent 2 minute tossing invisible items & white flecks back one shoulder then flew to Spa. 4 penguins walked by me about then out into cone. One chased 12 off nest & then left, alone, across cone. Two more stayed by Spa & are now walking this way. The 2 penguin walked between nests 2040- 2302 on out. Neither one paid any attention to them. 12:58 R.T.H. 230 returns from Spa land 20' W of nest. 1:00 R.T.H.230 flies off towards penguins 52 slaves on Spa 1:22 Unbanded bird lands at 31 near cone

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Catharacta maccormicki: Dec 8 L.y-0 announces as at land. It returns scarce after landing. Rt y-bl (RTH.-230) returned from Sp. Bream. Returned about 1:20. 1:30 L.y-0 has moved to 18" of settling bird; has been making occasional low noises as if he wants to incubate. 1:47 L.y-0 moves over format, giving low & m calls. Sets down when I move to get camera. Rt y-bl. plus 50 yds returns + lands on head 70 feet from nest. (1:52) 1:57 single 31 returns from Spa- land near me, suddenly she 20 feet + fight with another bird. Wry flopping- beaks & feet were used. Feet in downward paling motion. After several bouts they stopped. 31 went into to bill down display. Other bird did the same & held it for several seconds, body flattened & uplifted as if about to set down. Then they both stood. While writing above heard copulation call. This was being given by the intruder. 31 stood. When he tried to mount which held. 304 Time 31 just stood & turned bill up to her she flattened up. Pore muddy. This hammer seemed to stop the other bird. They now sat 2 feet apart.

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Cathartes macrourus Dec 8 60T bird in Spa 2:05 left shining Dec 9 Arrived during 11:20. 11:25 Unbanded relief, banded at 206. Stands making the soft "m m" noise, puts head down once & banded gets off. Then stands for 2 minutes tossing small objects right & left one shoulder. Frosts right. Announces to passing bird briefly & now sits 3 feet from nest. P. 204 is present (P. 230 also), only P. one member of 42 in present, said- ating. 11:32 A roaring aerial sweep of 2 birds, one of which then landed high on slope & the other after lagily circling or gliding along slope flew across one towards bar. 11:40 40 scream in Spa 11:45 A fight at nest 212. Two birds on one, + a fourth standing. The 2 were apparently P. 212. They both had hold on the 3rd bird, one on its head I could see & the flopped about for 2 minute or so. Third then broke away & flew. P. 212 then went for 4th bird who departed. P. stood close together and announced loudly for a minute or so. 11:50 Bird 212 finally sat on eggs. They have been standing & announcing occasionally for several minutes.

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Catharacta maccormicki 11:55 A strange shrew lands 25' from nest 206 - R-y flies over at once, grabs stranger who at once flies off. 11:57 RTH, 230 flies to fight 100 gbs west on cover. 12:06 p. 362 begins food begging. I interrupt by whistling so I can get my camera ready. Also interrupted by other shrew + announce. They don't resume. One goes 6 feet S + starts choking. Another bird with a TH band sitting few feet S of these flies at once + closest bird. TH then sits. 12:07 Plot thickens. Seems to be a pr located at 362 + the single male content banded above (31??) The choking bird above etc. One of another pair walks over, sitting bird in bill down display - test elevated. Bill is way down + neck brought forward & like so. Pretense!! Bird stands still in the pose starts announcement singing. Head puts full announcement on. A complicated exchange flowed. One pair fought, One bird driven aside other 3 in triangle announcing. One pecked at head of 3rd. Separated with 2 pr sitting 3 feet apart. 12:15. One P above pr in 362 I believe they seem to prefer one particular rock pile to sit near.

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Catharacta maccormicki 12:19 L.Y-0 announces - # non-melating bird. 12:21 All shuas suddenly leave Spa. Two penguins have decided to tug it. I'm sure through the other belly wraps 2x but it is too shallow + by 100 runs through the water. Making great splash. At 362, one ad near + the banded bird clicked & above remain 12:30 The 2 penguins spent 10 minutes standing by 362 preening. Then hurried past me to cone, apparently attracted by a group of penguins passing by. 12:40 Pn F. Unbanded seen feeding Banded (at H. + an alabodon) Banded begging. Unbanded lump up large white bale which banded eats, continues begging but unbanded moves off. At 362 there are now 4 birds sitting ao 2 pro 2-3 feet apart. 12:42 L.Y-g. (R.Td) lands 6 feet from nest site. (Here L.Y-g has been incubating all morning). After a moment he walks to nest stands in choke position & calls the little incubation cell. Other set up at site. Relieved but stands, no ceremony, preen. In contrast to incubation request. Food request differs in shorton; is likely to be like

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Male 1960 Catharacta Dec 9. -- --- or -- --- or -- --- A low pitched call & a plaintive, high pitched thin little call of 3024 syllables uttered rapidly drum together. 12:53 released 230 has left. 1:02 " " arrives again, lands 30' W of nest near mound. 1:12 released 230 departs again. Marked 206 returns, made give challenge call as he glides over, + again with bill down as he (on it) lands. It gives full challenge after landing at site 4 feet from nest. 1:21 One member of 362 standing with rope up regurgitating, mate standing 4 feet away. (Pictures!) Brings food up at which mate mechogona, recharged (picture) eats I forget what happened then. 1:32 Second pair 362 gets up begins feed but beg is interrupted one gre 6 feet away chooses. Another bird comes down snatches on the butt & lands near me, 31 (?) the pair then walk Vegeta & annume. 31 sits quietly. Is now sitting as it just pair 362. In meantime non-marketing 204 has disappeared. L40 LTH - 230 arrives back.

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Catharcto macacrimidi 1:42 L. 284 present. 1:45 Not relief at L. relieved bird unbent his to 362 + announces 4 one member of second pair. (Believing bird is banded alluded as above who chased 362 chalcing). One member of pair 362.b present. It eventually keeps from "L" bird in full fold bag, test erect next arched. "L" walks into Spa + drinks then ignore 362. 1:52 Bird lands between 31 bird + 206 - 31 gets to spot runs four steps in sto direction, complies. It flies 31- 206 then in mutual challenge. Not relief at 205. 1:57. Relieved flew immediately to pool near next, drank. 1:58 In 362 - reel 362 - one bird in beginning cop cell, standing; other remains sitting. Stops, sits. Our reason of confusion about what is occurring at 362 is presence of other birds. This seems to be a favorite meeting place along edge of Spa, possibly because of the ridge of large stone. At any rate there seems to be impatient courteous activities among several pairs of birds + always stops about to confront one, anywhere from 10-15 birds. There is however, one pair that seems really settled + the

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Catharacta macroura Dec 9 Will cell 363 2:06 next relief at 206. Banded banded at nest (or seemed to) membering get up + walled off - no ceremony banded eat. 31 get up walled towards relieved bird. regurgitated food mass. Believed 206 ran over + ate food. The 2 just stand there. 2:10 after above 31 walks few steps away, neck up, slim, taut walk, stops puts head down + makes as if to eat. 206 stretches doing flies circles to Spa lands. 31 flies circle the other way, land back on territory + goes into choke, alone, interrupts to announce to passing bird. then stands 2:13 206 back at next preening. 31 has disappeared. 2:15 31 returns from Spa, chokes 362 on way one. 2:17 362 in brief migrant choke ceremony. (Choke cell, even itú (e-you) very france, subulant, + high pitched.) 2:32 - 362 in challenge to other birds near by. One regurgitates food right in the middle of this, Other syncope st. Another bird comes closer + is chased by one. Bird which regurgitated ate food, both sit 2:37 One of 362 in choke. 31 flies on +

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Cathereta macconnelli Annamee. all 3 annamee. 362 sets. 31 stands walks off 3 feet 2:41 31 flies 10 feet from 362 stands utter beginning copulation call for minute, low intensity, then sits. 2:43 One of 362 in object teasing ritual. Spontaneous, no prelude + other just sits as if it was done. Walks off 3 feet a third bird comes over in food beg attitude Mate gets up + walks over. First bird annamee 40 34 who flies off. 362 both at 2 feet apart. 2:45 Egg incubation call by L y.o. intermittent- 2:48 362 or rouge. Same bird which walked off before repeated. Began chasing sitting birds nearby. Walked up to them slowly head up but not extremely so. Just the walk + pose made some birds fly. With others when he got close he would open bill + thrust at them soundlessly + without real threat, they would fly or at least move. One however returned at angrily + our bird fled. Mate joined him + went about likewise. Both then sat. Now (2:52) m bird chole ceremony then sat. 2:57 Infused? Two birds on 31 Ten. One in up ccel, beginning perusing

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Cathartes macrourus: Maker 1960 Dec 9 second jules I walked away, neither slowly nor rapidly, just steadily. Cop. caller would call then flutter run 2 feet to catch up, stand & cop. call then repeat. Then moved off and went into shade - call & posture for a minute or so. (Picture!) Then stopped to rest. Other bird was embedded 206, kept walking & sat 23 feet from that nest. 3:00 4a - just arrived, fixed times today. Landed 20 E as usual. I first noticed when heard begging call as wrote above. Due. bird wraps up wacked when giving call "......" ".... "...... this contains introductory note + little notes in series descending + getting more rapid as descended vocalize as à ééiï "......" "......" like so. Fed & banded returns to nest - took 2 pictures not sure if banded was the first one fed in above. I don't think so. Depart 3:10 for lunch. Arrive back 4:00 PM PT 204 or nest gets off & announces. Returns to nest. Mate not present. 230 only incubating bird present 42 Papagayons 20 E P nest. 31 Percent

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Catharacta maccormicki 301 present 206 l.pres. Banded Inc. 205 l.present. 12 P. present. 362 present. 4:12 L. Y-gr. 230 returne from Spa lands at his usual place 30' W of mut. 4:20 31 giving dake call + chelung ë ë ë ë repeated every seconds, hill open. He is alone, + 25 feet S- of usual place. 4:32 Bird lands 15' from 206 unbandes at once flies at it. It takes off as unbandes lands. Previously several birds had flown over within 2 feet of unbandes & been ignored. 4:37 Bird lands on 31 territory. He flies to T lands + announces. Bird flies unbanded 206 flies over, circle one Spa + lands again. 4:44. L. Y-G. Gone 5:00 Noostrel at 206 - Banded flies at once to Spa. There is no doubt (?) that the hill down display is low-intensity announcement. Saw- one bird of 362 - setting - do this to bird - then when bird came few steps closer standing + challenge beginning from the portion Stone-

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Maken 1960 Catharacta maccormicki Dec. 9. house idea that it indicated subspecies or inferior status in some way doesn't seem borne out by this encounter involving a settled bird & a bather - ie and non-tautond strange stranga. Also fact that birds see this birds flying overhead suggests the same thing. 5:10 Fight in water of Spa. Both fly- Chase in large circle then both island in Spa. Suggests hostile nature of flights seen: Left 5:15 Dec 10 Arrived 1:30 PM. Spa contained 42 birds Pt. Y-0 on nest. L. Y-0 percent. C1 230 percent 1. TH incubating, RTH standing 35' N.W. of nest. P1 42 percent unmarked on nest, banded 20'E. Bird 301 percent. B1 206 percent. 12 pr percent unmarked incubating. 31 in on territory as is another after eleven who into Yavond 204. 362 sh percent. 2:04 Banded 230 & 301 return from Spa. Lands at usual spot peers. Mate gave few notion of greeting. 2:08 R. Y-0 gives brief challenge call 5-6 syllables while sitting. Bird excited tail made did so. 272 206 unmarked, sitting 3 feet from nest post

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Catharsa macroura: announced to passing shrew. Ended one 16 mm roll w/ few feet of shrew in aggressive upright near spa. Curious about 362. There were 2 birds there earlier, one walked off in aggressive upright chased a few birds off, then while I was writing he appeared to try to cop with another bird. Mystery is solved. This was its mate. They then stood 20 ft of old site which was occupied by 2 birds, one of which was not banded like one of "L." as I wrote above. 362 walked back to their original spot, "dashed" briefly + sat. (monica) 2:27 bird came out of Spa landed on edge. 3 other shrews near. Our birds got themselves mts. Upright, aggressive walked slowly to one which flew, then turned walked slowly at 2 others which flew. We then sat. None of bill jabbing seen yesterday. 2:37 RTH 230 flies & lands 3 feet from nest. gives m m call 2:50 31 lands near me on Territory stand. Unmarked 206 (♀) begins walking slowly toward him. He with neck + head sleeked down. She in normal appearance. At this start forward beg. As she gets to him she seems to puff neck head feathers point head down a little + turn head away so as to keep left of people vs him

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Mak 1960 Cathartes macrourus Pee 10 Then suddenly into beg posture 2:53 R.Y.-0 - gets up off nest & flies 30 mate 15 feet away. He finally goes to nest 30 recorded & sits. She goes to Spa, returns a few min. R.Y.-0 comes moments later, walks to him, then flutters on way off nest off 10 feet to stand. 2:00 L. Y.-0 utters 2 ZZ calls. Wants off? 3:24 Nest relief 206, marked as relieved by unmarked. (Tossing recorded on 16m.) 3:43 R.Y.-0 flies off toward pungunung. Mate 42+ 230 gone - went while Don Douglas came & met it (Came 3:20. Left 3:42) 3:4# Bonded 206 returns from Spa. Creeps 4 feet from nest. 3:47 L.Y.-0 on nest gives call to passing bird 4-5 calls, erects tail. Should also note cracking of body feathers part of challenge done at times seen 4:10 R 204 back from Spa, 230 mate back while I counted 362 4:05 Pn 362 moved & just off mound to way. 31 flew out & chased both away. They moved back on mound 4:26 R.Y.-0 returns & lands on mound 4:29 Bird walking out of Spa Vewardas second in upright with head thrown up a bit & bill weomp at 30'. Called 14th

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Cathartes macrourus up to second bird then opened wings & went right into calling. It then gave beginning of cop. call, other bird sat & it deserted & sat. This elevation of head stummation to challenge is now 4:32 Saw pair feeding at distant nest. Heard begging call. Introducing note a will with in quality. (i.e. two which seem 'im'. you can't you fool but the bird can. & ii in iii notes only 3 or 4 r on same same pitch a little lower then first note & rest in descending series. This was landed member of pair which then walked back to nest & sat, mate flew off. (Recent Group of 4 which includes F.) 4:40 Water now flowing past mound rest did yesterday afternoon about this time. This channel was dry when dammed Dec 9th. 4:45 p.362 walked 10 ft N. One chased a bird by spreading wings, fluffing feathers & flinging. Grabbed bird which squealed, struggled loose & flew. Other bird in upright walked over to another spread bill soundly & other bird flew. Head not moved bill simply parted. Finally chased third bird, both, and pronounced. This last on film 16 mm 4:52 Mates of 204 + 230 both return from Spa.

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Catharacta maccormicki 5.00 banded 42 has returned 5.15 Nest relief at 204. L.Y.-0 gets off quickly when R.Y.-0 stands by. L.Y.-0 in pebble freezing for half minute & a minute. Interrupted once by announcement. Then flies off toward penguins. 5.30 Prio 204+230 are present. P.42 non-marketing bud absent. R. after shan near 204 is still present & has been there all day. 31 present as are 206,205+12. 301 in absent. 5:40 Relief at 206. Banded relieved unbanded. Banded had to "Mew" for several minutes before its mate got up. (16mm) Mate flew off after moment preening. Mousing. Interesting that presumed R of this pair 204 have not done freezing ceremony but male each p.r. have. After relief unbanded walked towards 31 who suddenly fan far feet to bent regurgitated (35-5L less of the format relief below). So ate, drank a fair sip & flew off. 5:45 while photographing 31 heard day call. 42 Banded apparently feeding & unband. Unbanded begged several times from banded stuccoed apart 20 Ernest. Apparently headed already fed male didn't regurgitate. Unbanded went

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Mally 1960 77 Atheracta macromelica Dec 12 h 230 @ 3:20 PM LTH present 60 feet W. RTH circulatng. 3:47 LTH swooped one, was announced to by extra bird + 204 both members, came back in + landed, announced. 4:09 LTH just arrives from Lpra. 5:25 P present. LTH setting 15 W

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Catharacta macroura 79 Maker 1960 Dec-12 P. 206 3:20 P. present. 4:50 Banded R. 0-7 just wheeled Unbanded who left with no voicing. R. gave How-all a few times - unbanded got up, announced for a passing bird & left. Also see 38+ 31 (entered under 30) 5:25 P. present. Banded still circling.

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Catharacta maccoombe Pea 12 1:205 3:20 P. present. 3:38 R.+H, walked to nest, was sitting 2-3 feet away. Began giving a call like the beginning of the cop. call e i i e (each syllable has a 1-2-3 contour + is not just e i e) at any site. but got up at once + flew 20 feet, landed preened. 5%25 P. present - statistics

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Catharacta macroura: Dec 12 #301 3:30 Present. 4:25 Seen walking a little (seems to have a limp). Then flew to Spa. 4:31 301 returns from the Spa; preens. 5:00 This 7(30) flew + landed 15 feet from ♀ (unbanded) 206 when she returned from Spa. She walked to him, he to her, both in upright. He seemed very slender. She begged (30+4) She regurgitated a large bolus. They had one tug on it & then she ate most or all. A moment later she flew to Spa; 301 gave their call alone. 5:25 Present.

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Catharacta maccormicki 84 Maker 1968 Dec 12 Extra bird which has been sitting 15'E of 230+204 in present. 3:42. A 350 mm in courtship feeding, one degged strenuously from the other, and was fed. A third bird landed near nest both announced 3:45 & (banded member) have given copulation call, mounted 2x [illegible] female - Female seen to grab up at his bill + he dismounted. Not complete. 4:36 16 penguins have just chased 203 off the nest. 5:25 Extra bird present, has not left this P.M.

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Catheraea macconniei Dec 11 "Shetland Sanctuary", R.E. Perry Faber & Faber, London (?), 1948 (?) (Deals with great Arctic alba). Dr Novatti, Jorge Corrientes 1248 Buenos Aires Republica Argentina (Stunned man, name given to Brian Peel from St. Lopez, Argentine observer at Tucumano) Oliver Austin article on banding please reference to Hallett. In "Bird-banding"

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Catharina meccormick Dec 16 chicks unconcern open bell defense e scape Dec 17 chick behavior chicks apart chicks out front, apart note difference in behavior chicks + gaggas On around today noted several times that the Santa chicks do not run away when I disturb the parents. They sit & regard me with apparent unconcern, will open bill defensively if I put my finger near them. This is of course in marked contrast to the gaga chick behavior. Notes on behavior of chicks when I was at the nest. Nest 22. Older chick lay quietly, head down. The younger was quiet also but held head up & looked about alertly. Nest 27. One chick in nest, one 3 feet away. The younger one was nonchalant, unafraid. The older one was more quiet but not as limp as at nest 22. Nest 53. The 2 chicks were away from the nest, the elder about 25 feet & the younger 12 feet from the nest. The older one lay quietly but but my finger when handled. The younger one was uninhibited by my presence looked about called to parent. Nest 36. The younger chick looked alertly at me called into deeper nasal chick squawk. No sign that it differentiated me from parent in that I was recognized as a threat. The older chick on the other hand reacted by lying head down & being quiet.

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Coitruata maccarmick: Dec 7/ I have had the 2 shrew chicks - Modoc & Gretchin on the floor of the lab while writing my journal. This is the first time I have observed them together like that for any length of time. Modoc is definitely aggressive towards his "sister". Typically he would right her, stand up high w/ neck stretched & breast thrown out a little & utter a 5 5 5 guttural but juvenile call which sounds like a chick version of the challenge. He would then start towards Gretchin, who on hearing him & seeing him call would start running with shrieks of alarm. They were justified. Modoc pecked at her as hard as he could whenever he caught her. Gretchin however was fast enough that she was only caught a couple of times. Often she would hide from Modoc behind cans etc. as if clearly recognizing his threat. Earlier they have been fighting in their box, & when they were on the cold vegeta, Modoc would peck at it's fast & pull strongly on it. Two plus the observation at nest 308 yesterday where the older chick was seen behaving the same way towards the sponge, convinces me that these chicks are hostile to each Maley 1960 Gretchin Modoc Modoc challenge Nest 308 chick aggression

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Catharacta maccormicki. other to a far greater extent than the pomarine chicks. The interaction between the chicks should be watched, especially when a third chick is brought in. The establishment of a peck order would be significant + necessary when food is limiting to means that the available food would be used to ensure survival of at some bride rather than to partly support all of them. This of course would be essential to a semi colonial, flocking bird + superfluence in a territorial one as the longest parasite, or the pomarine. In bred hostility of one chick to another would also be important. Would result in death of one only if weight advantage allowed it. In time of advent, this would occur + ensure survival or give minimum chance for survival to one chick. In this app. the hostility seems manifest even when chicks are well fed or none are. This not true of pomarine chicks. Thus the fusion of to shan rearing only one chick could be selected for in this way; not by the parents clobbering the young as Murphy suggested. Dec 28 One obvious thing should be noted down. There is still a shortage of food among

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Catharacta maccaroni the scenes. There have been no blizzards so far and mortality among the penguin chicks very low & the adults very defensive probably even defending carcasses of dead chicks in the nest from predation. Peter Martin has seen skuas attempting to kill large healthy chicks but they were unsuccessful. The birds being about the nests half in number, another indication of food shortage. The death & disappearance of some chicks from company, also seems to suggest this. Dec 31 The eaten carcasses of a penguin chick placed out doors attracted approximately 55 skuas. The size of this turn out suggests again a general food shortage in the area. Jan 1. On Dec 27 28 Modoc became weak in the legs. He could stand but with difficulty, walking was very difficult for him. I thought at first it was slipped tendon disease but the legs didn't slip out of joint in any way characteristic of that condition. At any rate on the 29 we gave him 4p for vitamin cpill. He showed no improvement on the 30 but on 31 he was standing & walking about better & today he is more improved. He doesn't move about much yet however.

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Mahey 1960 91 Olattharacta maccarmacki Jan 2 I cant be sure that the vitamin affected a cure. Don Douglas says that some chicks last year (of a used in bio-lab) also lost the ability to walk for a day or 2 but regained it shortly. Both chicks were given 1/4 vitamin pill on 29+ again on Jan 1. Additional notes on food shortage for shrews. Carcasses of penguin chicks in penguinery are eaten almost entirely down to hind limb, pelvis, flippers & some skin occasionally the head & beak is left. I have the impression that more food is becoming available only in the last 2-3 day This coincides with the growing creche tendency in penguin chicks thus allowing the shrews to get at carcasses. Shrews denied them. Last week P. Martin reported shrews attacking large healthy penguin chicks & dragging them away from colony. They were however unable to kill them & the chicks got back to the colony. I believe he saw this more than once. Jan 3 Pete Martin reported the following observation. At nest 332 near which he is expecting an antenna. A strange adult shrew came sweeping along

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Catharacta maccormicki clove in + grabbed the chick of this pair. A few- a few feet when it was hit + knocked by one of the parents who preceded to "beat the shit out of it" according to Pete, + it was driven off. This chick is crippled; its right leg projects out at a right angle + cannot be brought under. It has been this way from birth; but I didn't realize it until yesterday when Jack Cunningham pointed it out. Jan 6 Ten shena eggs have been brought in from the field unembalthed + blown so far. of them 3 showed signs of having been fertile. One with a small embryo well rolled + 2 with large near term embryos. The latter were not blown but were given to Don Douglas. Jan 8 Observed a shena attempting to kill a penguin chick. When first seen the shena had the chick 8 feet from a colony, penguin chick by the head - the chick broke loose + ran towards the colony, the shena flying grabbing it again by neck + their at down with a twist of its own neck the chick then 4 feet from colony again got up + made it to safety.

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Catharacta maccormicki Jan 2 Watching at nests 331 & 338. I am setting boyle for both nests. I arrived here at 2:15 so that period unfortunately that I did not bring my watch so that times will be very approximate. The light colored, banded, 331 is incubating & has been since I arrived. It with is eating a penguin chick (187g) from me. Just a moment ago he chased one bird away. He did 2 previous T. O.S., one a ground announcement to a bird 20 feet high, second a long chase for a bird that swooped down & "bugged" the nest. 4:00 pm Banded guest relieved. Came from feed trees then flew lands near me & challenged. Banded watched me a long time, then flew to a spot in the snow 30yds beyond nest & fed from a penguin chick carcass. Finally at 20yds from nest now watches me with first one eye then the other. Not 308 Chick finally got fed. Alert picking at a penguin carcass next to nest. Several times flew into badger's enclosure but left again after seeing my attention. Finally fed it by regurgitation, chick pecking gently at its thick bill until it regurgitated. Still pulling at carcass. Guest saw 308 or kill a penguin chick. Occurred only a few feet from their nest. The penguin

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Castracata macaronnichi. Dan 2 chick was only 5 feet or so from its colony. I didn't see whether it walked or was dragged here, the latter I think. When I first saw it one adult had a hold of it & was tugging away from colony. Penguin resisted stubbornly, called. No penguin nearby paid any attention though adults were standing there. Sees get hold on both of neck, squealed, twisted getting itself on top of penguin. Penguins speed during this, looked like Dracula in the last moments. Chick finally dead & some began pecking at it, opened gut cavity first & started eating. Pete which had stood by during this came over, begged & was fed. They had several tugs over pieces of gut. One bird (the killer) then took a piece to the chick. It was fed again a moment later. Later bonded 301 walks over to penguin colony. One adult penguin drives it off. It had been standing some modest immediately above. Suddenly flies off across Willow Cove, heading for Spa, but I lost sight of it at about our Spa. Only 308 also flew over cove straight toward Spa. Chick 308 jumps, feet wry gues challenge Returned to base lab. at 5:20 Examined carcass of penguin chick as I

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Catharacta maccormicki: Jan 2 left. There were 2 large bruised areas on its neck, one on each side, great at junction of head + neck. Skin broken slightly on one side + a little bit of external bleeding. Head not crushed. They had eaten the intestines out of the carcass + temporarily abandoned it. 9:40 PM returned to watch at nests 331 + 308. In 308 flew to nest at my approach + both landed near, now active. Banded 331 not incubating lands behind me, unbanded is incubating. 9:42 One adult 308 flew out by small f. colony near nest. Other flew into enclosure, stands at the floo out. Disturbed by my presence. On way out I spotted a large penguin, chicks with deceration on video of head + neck as seen on the bird killed above. Seems apparently to kill penguin chicks, which are healthy ones as these all appeared alive. 10:20 Banded 331 flew from near me where it has been for 40 minutes at a place 35 feet from nest preens, etc. 10:26 381 Banded suddenly flew to nest just 2 feet from it. Unbanded seems incubating but starts picking my objects in front of him + tossing two right + left over

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Catharacta maccormicki Jan 2 Shoulder after 3 minutes. It gets up & landed sits unfouled in pebble flooring. In 2 minutes the this arde over penguins looking down, broke new me. 10:35 One adult of 308 sitting outside of enclosure. Chick crouches quietly 10:40 Unbundled 331 flying on carcass 40 feet behind me - same one as this afternoon. 10:45 Saw one adult in enclosure. Second joined it. Chick was feeding on something traced up by first adult. Second seemed to take a little. Didn't diagnose. First adult left flew landed near penguin colony. Second also left moment later. 10:55 One adult 308 in series of classes. Went for out over cove, had, strolled me, followed mother passing adult out, came on bow- one came again, around landed by enclosure. Feds on p.carcass. All the time with no announcement no passes hostility etc., Adult's heat form is his matter. 10:58 Some bird just fed chick again. Flies out in a moment it is feeding on penguin killed this p.m. 11:00 Mate comes in, has been sitting 50 yds off. Didn't join in defenses. Then moves away & slowly flies back to where it came from. 11:08 331 W. flew off across cove. 11:10 left.

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97 Catharacta maccormicki Jan 4 Annued & watch pros 331+ 308 at 2:45PM. 331. Un. marking. Banded sitting 10 feet away. Flew + landed near me, challenged + sat 20 feet away. I am 60 yds from nest. 308. One adult sitting 10 feet from nest second 40 yds from nest. 308, 2:50 Both adults sitting near endowes, one 25 feet on E, one same distance on west. 3:00 Dana flew over 60 feet up. 308 ad, I saw it half hearted challenge posture in wings, flapped up yno call. 339 landed pat full down; that was all. Bill not put straight down but one to ponds right — well something like that. 3:07 Bird flew over 20 feet up. Banded 331 quick full challenge 3:09 Banded flew over near me + lands at nest. Sits / preens. 3:11 Stena over 25 feet up. Banded full challenge marking challenge while sitting + turning folded 3:17 Banded Stands by nest in New Call portion hill spenny & cloopy. Inc. gets supply flippers off, lands near me, 15 feet + challenges. 3:20 Bird over 20 feet or less / Un. challenge. Ad 308 ad who challenges. Feeding on penguin chick has been for 25 minutes.

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Catharacta maccormicki 98 Male 1961 Jan 4. 3:22 Bird swung my 15 feet a tower. Both 308 up & chased, flew out a far in Elcho's Aero to sign + swung back. Slight sight of them then a several times flew one. Unb. 331 lands 20yds W of moor challenge. 3:27 1 Ad 308 lands into by nest. 3:27 Unb. 331 has penguin egg, flies, lands E. of nest, walks out on snow + proceeds to open egg; then picked up walls to nest 3:30 Bird flits on a 25-30 feet my, ignored though looked at. 3:33 Two Ad swoop ray 15 feet. Unb. 331 flew circles low + lands. Ad 308 & moor challenge. One of them ad turned flies back over 308 in challenge. This was apparently a chose possibly of 364. As 33 Ad came back. 331 also challenged on grounds. Preceded this with bill down positive, head neck brought down in almost a bowing motion than swooping sub challenge. 3:37 Bird flew near 15 feet, 308 Ad challenges. Unb. 331 Lands 25 feet from me. Another Adatt 25 feet up over 331, Unb. Challenge. 3:45 Bird flew over 30-35 feet my. Unb. 331 challenged: needed to bill down. To one side. Occurs to me that overheadness may be so bad can they one eye on bird displayed to. Leading circle 3:47 One adult in 308 enclosure. Chick large but not fruitfully by picking at bill, Ad re-arranges. Second ad

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Meker 1961 Jan. 4 from near nest flies in land, eats some of food, chick ate, believe just also eats for the ad leaves first + around a moment later 3:52 Ad one 35 feet up. link 331 challenger. Ad has another egg, inhabit it pecks at several times announcedly eats. 3:57 link 331 puh-up egg, walk 20 feet in then flies bygone nest + drops egg at this near nest home. link. conference lay. Banded gets off nest flitter. To egg fits it is apparently open. eat, link walks over again, both eat. Band. returns to nest. 4:04 link 381 bidding beyond nest . 4:07 one ad 308 still sitting near nest - other ? 4:31 Ad near 308 flew to enclosure. Fed chick, eat down in enclosure, poor atents + press. The chick shave none of frantic hunger of pomerine chicks. Very Gentle in begging. Ad regurgos. Chick eats Ad seats what was left. 4:34 Ad left enclosure with 4 feet E. 4:37 Ad 308 flies in from far away. Willett Cove, lands near nest press. From Gya? 4:42 Still preening + flapping. Very likely be her batted, 4:51 Ad 308 who had been here all along walk in+ begin feeding on carcass 4:57 Preening 308 this circle how once Penguins out over came climbing following an adult which flew over at 30 feet or so. Turns after (50) gels, lands- press, Mite continues eating from carcass.

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Catharsia macacrmichi Jan. 4 5:00 Ad flies over 30 feet, circles 308. Fading announces at first round, gives bell down on second. Ad then flies over 331 Unbanded announces. 5:05 Feeding 308 flies circles out low & back over 331 meet at 3 feet. Band gun Bill down and approaches. Thomas had back apparently in challenge as it pursues over. 308 Pericetes about them, misses, really not sure if tried to hit. Almost lands in endsome but drop over out outside at last minute. Tank. 5:12 Enemy 308 still at it. 5:15 Adnea casephera fed chick; other adult still preening. 5:17 leaves, lands near big, gives bill down by passing adult, female flies, rider then follows the fly almost to E. Ace sign. Turn back (no supply) one flying low one unb. 331 (w. of me) who announces. 5:32 Unb. 331 flew over penguin colony between 2 nests. Both 308 flew, one landed & challenged other circled back & landed E. first when Unb. 331 challenged as he landed. 5:37 Unb. 331 flew over p. colonics low, hunting. Swing very low over one cormorant nest. Swinging over Staked onnect who gives Bill Down display. #1 Unb. lands near penguins 5:44 Ad 308 flew over middle during colony- Unb. 331 flew straight along middle of colony, with 308 followed. Not

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Catherads macacornicide: Jan 4. Sunday patrol announcements greet boundary patrol through 13.35/42 next gave brief challenge call Jan 7 Arrived 1:50 349. B. Incubating. Unbraked 40 feet away 11: Adults both present 10 feet from enclosure. 2:06 Truck driven by George Allan arrived. Did not disturb the birds at all as near as I could see. 2:16 Truck passed me on way in. Again birds remained where they were. 2:45 Ca 18 flew in circle & landed on slope. 349 both gave challenge call (only) so they went on. Next 11. One ad setting 10 feet from enclosure I haven't seen the second adult since shortly after being here. 2:50 11: adult flew off at some time second adult glided in, circled & landed 10 feet from nest. Club in loud call, song After Second ad. returned & lands 2 minutes later, announce, both stand.. 2:53 One adult flies. Other, after a moment flies into enclosure, feeds chick. Second ad returns lands in enclosure gives challenge call as it lands - First lamp up more food - They have a bag. Second eats few more morsels

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Maly 1961 Catharacta maccormicki. Jan 7. both then fly 20yd to edge & drink, or seem from under edge, or climb on ice + eat snow. 3:00 One flew back to welcome site next to it. Other sits near ice. 3:05 Chub 235 is fed. 3:15 Mate of 18 arrives. Feeds chick. Bird which has been sitting with the chick gives low alarm calls but comes over & eats, some regurgitated food. 3:20. Two birds away down in first chea, one in lead w food in bill. From 3:07, lands, while other flies off. Mate comes on, challenges then eats part of food. 3:33 U. 349 flutters to mound, challenges queen then in a few minutes flutters down starts walking toward nest. Suddenly flies N. along slope. 3:51 Chub of 38 just fed. 18: One adult arrived, other present. Arrival startled then began to give little alarm calls, soon changed to squeal call? & soon both then into new posture side by side, one finally returned itself & then the other so it was then facing outward at first. They straightened my after 2 minutes ago. One now sits, one pree. 3:58 Unbanded 349 arrives lands

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Maken 1961 Catharcta macconnelli Jan 7. next challenge. B announces to [illegible]. Then flutters to mound & preens. 4:08 Unb. 349 finally finishes preening, site Member 11 who was by edge of ice began walking, pushing, stopping etc. gradually approaching nest. Twenty feet away however at flew off 4:19 Unb. 349 floats next, gives full call then well behind nest & gives incubation call; is ignored 4:23 Dots of 11 lands. 349 unb. gude callenge, 11 now preening 30 feet from nest 349 unb. still stands by nest, now well off 3 feet & sits. 4:40 Club 38 being fed 4:45 Member of Blands (15 feet from 11 enclosure) & 349 both challenge, the incubating call only the call. Then [illegible] member 11 near ice flies over lands by route, challenging to town by it. 4:57 Unb-349 again standing in new posture near nest giving low- e e e e e calls. 5:03 Relief of 349 took place about here. Unbanded had to sit a while before banded finally got off. Now preening 4 feet before nest. 5:15 Band 349 flew, banded IV & finally turned W. toward punguery.

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Catharus macrourus Jan. 7 5:16 Mate #11 meet of lone flower while Durate above entry it is nongore & was present a minute or 2 ago 5:18 11 returns lands in enclosure & challenges, stands, chick doesnt go to it. Mate outside starts walks pathway around then regurgitate. Bird in enclosure flies out & eats some of food other bird meets some both challenge or pearing bird; both stand. 5:28 One of 11 in enclosure. Chick chased it around. Other flew off. This one left enclosure now sits 16 feet away. Question: Does one of the birds do most or all feeding. Chick didn't beg from first bird to enter enclosure but did from second. Also bird while outside enclosure was fed outside by mate. Nest 38 One adult was acting as if it was going to feed the chick; other stood 5 feet away in full view--all practice giving new cell (of all things). This just sort of juggled out but contributes to question above. Nest 235 Chick also one adult comes over, chick begs, adult refuses moves away, second adult comes over chick begs adult move of chick following bring, my few drops chick quiet a moment then begs again finally adult bring up food other ad. comes over eats some. Both adults fly away.

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Catharacta maccormicki Jan 7. 5:49 Second ad.11 flies off reason cone. One adult returns a few seconds after followed by second which announces as it lands. A moment later (after writing above) there is only one by enclosure. It enters enclosure regrubbed p.23,28, + fed, fool try for a moment. 5:52 Lift sherry Jan 9 Around 3:00 pm at 308 & 331 331 Adult. Due, Banded watching from 20 feet away 308 One adult standing on one can supporting enclosure. Give alarm call and stand. Other ad. not in sight was present as I came up. 3:07 Ad 308 just tried for a p. check. A medium one 8 feet from colony, had grabbed at. Adult penguin made lunge, chick broke loose + dashed into colony. 3:08 Second ad. 308 arrives from across willett cone, Lands 60 yds from nest first ad joins former announces as it approaches. 3:28 One ad 308 gone again other by next enclosure feeding on club carcass. Second adult had been sitting beyond nest holder by penguin fled to first ad announcement after landing begging feeding on [illegible] carcass. 3:32 Banded 331 makes grab for club being fed. No resident by several feet from colony

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Catharacta maccormicki: Jan 9 adult makes lunge & it backs off. Makes a lunge toward very young chick being brooded at edge of same colony. Ad lunges & stares, chick backs off 3:40 308 One ad walks around enclosure, feeds on a second carcass, mate eventually flies over & joins it. Finally one flies off across core. 2:42 Ad slows flying from core passes low over 308, circles territory & flies back across core. Sitting ad. gave no notice. Do this at nights? 3:52 Morning 308 ad now present preceding chickadee. Probably from 308. 3:58 Creeping ad returns from W side territory lands by nest then flies in. Feeds chick & flushes out on can. Other ad. flies with enclosure stands present not, chick doesn't beg from it. This ad. leaves next to only one of cans. 4:10 Banded 331 walks over to penguin colony - lunching with neck withdrawn, body elongated a "sneaky" look, gaze at something is chased by ad penguin & decoy. Sets 15 feet from colony. 4:22 Ad of 308, the one standing on can & beside one who fed chick, that suddenly lands at edge of colony some 20 feet from me grabs a chick by neck & tugs it away a foot

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Catharacta maccormicki Jan 9 7.2. No adult Penguin recated. Since then billed chick. Fell onto neck twisted around & got one foot on chick, then put one foot on head of chick & held it fixed beak & peck again at chick. Dropped neck & twisted & squeezed see about 200 turns again placing foot on chicks head to hold it. Blood ran out chicks bill, one eye pulled out, bleeding from cut fixes on neck. Sina kept its weight on chick until it was about death then stepped off. Began opening belly while chick gave few last movements of sleep. Started tearing at anus. Mate doesn't pount it but sets by nest can. 4:46 Same bird flew to enclosure fed chick flew back to carcass. At this, mate finally stro joins at at carcass. Seeks ad feeds, just stand 8 feet away & watches 4:56 Both 308 flew simultaneously from carcass. One landed beyond nest in snow began eating snow & sat; other flew on our core - toward Sea. 4:58 First 308 ad returns sits by enclosure, 5:13 Band 331 suddenly flies to nest, lands 1 foot away challenges Umb. responds in challenge call delivered sitting twice improved from body slightly. Band sits. Undecided finally gets up, flies at one circles territory borders me. Band sits 5:15 5:45 Umb 331 lands 25 feet E. of me, eats screen

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Catharacta maccormicki masses of krill lying there. Walls to p. colony 12 feet from bin pick-ups a lump, walnut size, of brail, head for another bait when a penguin charges or he flies. Lands on far side colony stays there 2 minutes, perhaps feeding, then flies across the core. 5:55 308 p. sitting by nest. One adjacent to skeleton one 30 feet off. 5:57 Ad 308 nearest nest flies to snow & gets some. 5:59 Link 331 returns circles low over ten. Lands on island + announces to albatross flying over at 25 feet. 6:00 left. Jan. 10 4:10 have been watching near nest 204 since 3:20. Ad. 31 + chick in present. The chick has been wandering about most of the time giving the beg. call in plaintive manner. Twice it haggard adult + begged to no avail. Once it went to stream of water & broke. Jan 11 12:55 p.m. arrived albatross near nests 11 + 349. Link 349 is incubating, chick stealing 20 feet away 11 Sohad standing 10 feet from nest I am in territory of 29 and watch in fact I find I am 15 feet from their chick which is flattened down watching me.

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Malu 1961 Catharacta maccormickii: Jan 11 banded 29 stands 40 feet away, silent. Unbanded near chick giving alarm call. Bell down to alena overhead. 1:10 just moved 29 chick to 40 feet away, see nest site. Wnb. has shut up—almost 1:15 banded 349 is gone. Ad. of 11 both out within 6 feet of enclosure. 1:27 Shmaflies over at 8-10 feet to 11 both challenge 1:40 One of 11 is gone. 1:43 All seen in aerial dare, lands on nest gives bell down, challenge call, bell down then flutters out to brief alarm call. Other ad. still gone. 1:55 Ad 11 returns from direction of Sea Bands. Mite gives challenge as it does so; 1 responds with a challenge. 1:59 One ad. 11 gone. 2:07 B. 349 is back on mound, sets preens. No nestlees. As number 207 approaches & swoops at him once. 2:17 Both of 11 are here one in directly behind + a little below other quest seen when both challenged. 2:19 Shma over at 7-8 feet on ad 11 in bell down. Another a moment later, gets some reaction. B. 349 gives same display to alena over at 11 feet.

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Male (1961) Catharcta macroura Jan 11 2:26 Ad 11 flew off N. along shrub. 2:28 " returns, drops down, challenges, sits. Mate doesn't answer challenge 2:30 Band 349 making slow advance towards nest. Umb. however gets up. Walks 2 feet to chick stands there 304 second minute, peck down as if feeling. Then walks back to nest & settles on egg. Perhaps B. only heading for chick It is only a foot from him. B. sits: 2:42 B. 349 walks to nest, heard one or 2 "incubation call" B. then sat by nest. U. male no more to get up. 2:56 On ad.11 flew into nest. After a moment moving about ahead of the begging chick at regurgitated + chick ate. Second ad. then joined in. Second left flew & ate (after eating some?) took adumb. First second, at some other chick finished + remains sitting in endown. 3:09 B. 349 stands by nest gave spp. call. Umb. smuggles down on egg, B. sits. gets up again a moment later again gave inc. call & again B. umb. just sits & B. also sits down. 3:17 Umb. stands for a moment but sets down again on egg. Band standing next to nest. Band then sits down next to Umb. seems to peck against it & Umb. smuggles on egg. 3:26 Band 29 returns, obviously from Spa. Mate challenges as it lands.

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Catheracts inaccornwili. MaKey 1964 Jan.11 3:30 challenge a quater Unb 29 flies to mate, 40 feet. Band challenges as lands, [illegible] Unb responds after landing. Challenge really seems to serve as greeting & reinforce reinforcement ceremony. 3:45 11 ad who has been sitting on roadway flies & nest, stands nearby & preens. She here & it went up in a tiny dip, and first noticed at dropping down next to nest. 3:52 Ad 11 now sitting on ground next to road. The ad. in nest enclosure hasn't moved. 4:02 Unb 349 as standing by nest feeding chick, B. is mentating. Walked over & checked this. I didn't see the change take place but believe it was a moment before this, i.e. when Unb. got up to feed chick. Unb. then flies around stands a moment & leaves. 4:09 Ad 11, the one outside nest flew off N. along road. 4:23 Was Band 349 sitting on egg? (4:02 above) 2? [illegible] had now on nest seen struggling on egg just after above entry made, the bird on egg seems see below Extremely light colored in the banded member. 4:34 Unb. 349 returns, bands, challenges. Band in call challenge cell. Unb. preens, [illegible] 4:23 entry. 4:53 B 216 on slope in mutual [illegible] New all 4:56 Unb. 349 Buttress walls front, Stops 1/2 feet off one call Challenge plus overhead, gives reciprocal low one cell. New call Both 349 standing, in New cell puttin' O

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Catharata maccormicki: Jan 11 Robert Tatus saw a chick killed by a skuua yesterday (Jan 10). He examined the chick immediately afterwards & says that the chick was a healthy one with a full stomach Noted a skuua eating freshly killed, still warm penguin chick. Examination showed it to be healthy looking fat, with a medium full stomach. Hottest feathers were just emerging. Jan 13 Cape Adare Two sets of aerial photos were taken of the adare colony. The first few at 500 feet were too low; the second at 1800 & 1900 feet - this was the majority & included a complete coverage. The latest air photos made on the return were done at 1300 feet. Walks along S. beach at Adare in morning gave 138 adults present in groups of 8,4,34,17,22,14,35±,2,±2.. In late afternoon on the same route I got 132-groups were 5,10,4,7,80(±). Douglas on trip along beach in afternoon counted about 80. On on trip back through the penguinery I noted only 16 skuas 3 of which were near the huts. There are then few skuas in the penguinery

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Catharsis maccormick: Journal 114 Male 1961 Day 13 though many are seen flying back & forth over it. The area between the colomna is so reduced that more hunters must congregate at the edges to a greater degree than they do at Hallett. Another impression I had was that there were far fewer remains of eaten penguin chicks encountered as one walked about; in fact almost none were seen. I make no count as I had nothing to compare with at Hallett least 1/5-4/10 as many per unit and seems appropriate Shua nests were finally found on the slopes above the penguinery. this is list of what we found: 2 egg shells 1 shell, 1 cold egg 1 nest in one egg ad.Druabity 1 nest, 1 egg 3 shuar seen sitting in nests at distance. DSD noted one + found it empty. 1 Ad. on nest, one died 2-4 days old. 1 Nest in a pain puncent, not visited. 1 Pr together one sitting on on nest. Not visited Map. possible 8 nests or pain about 4 nest.

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Catharects macaroni Journal 1/5 Male 1961 Jan.(3) Two pairs had an egg & one pair a very young chick. Before making such conclusions I must add that today (Jan.14) Reid radioed that they had found a shrug & had already counted 120 nests on top of the Cape at Adae. So make I should quit. However it seemed to me at the time that the shrugs were nesting on the billecks below 200-250 meters in sparse numbers. I thought we might have gotten at least 1/4 of two percent or make a 1/3. We covered 1/2 to 2/3 of the cliff not inhabited by penguins. Scanning the cliffs at penguins failed to show any areas at slens dropping. But these might not show from a distance on the rock out crops they picked. Briane recent Camp reports all this however.

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Catharacta macacornicula. Jan 18 Modoc died suddenly today. He showed the same symptoms showed by Gretchen earlier, but while she urinated alone he died quickly. He was apparently healthy in the morning & had the run of the lab for an hour or 2. Don took a picture of him on the cage in the afternoon. At 5:30 I noticed he was panting, gasping would be more accurate & he showed no depression to stand. When prodded he raised himself part way but with difficulty. At 6:30 I found both legs stretched straight out behind him - he couldn't do anything with them. He defecated a few times & the droppings were remarkably foul-smelling. They most resembled the cooke canned tomatoes & weaker in consistency after several days soaking. He was dead by 7:30. Gretchen by contrast seems in good shape she is alert, vocal (very!) and has a good appetite. She still can do nothing with her leg however. Jan 20 Addendum. When skinned Modoc was found to be quite fat. Subcutaneous fat taken off the skin weighed 62 gms. There was a large amount of fat in mesenteries. His bones were weak & brittle & the body seemed dehydrated. Present opinion is he died of a Ca deficiency. This was strengthened

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Catharacta maccormicki Jan.18 by Gutchern fate. Yesterday one of her tarse was bent considerably, in fact broken, apparently spontaneously by her weight on it. Gutchern was put out to nembulat on morning of 20 when it we decided there was no hope of her recovering one of her legs even with increased Ca in diet. Jan 19 Chick 31 when handled brought up a large mess of maturated krill. Stomach content of penguin chick. It looked like. In considering fate of Modoc+ Gutchern I am inclined to think that krill must be an important part of the slana chicle diet. Perhaps their main source of Calcium. Modoc + Gutchern have consistently refused to eat it. get adult shruces such out build lying on the ground in the colonies + also eat shruce content of chicks killed usually. The chicks+ adults still get few bones to eat once the pchils are well along in size-- Other possible Ca source is pebbles which the chicks seem to eat extensively, both Penguin + slana could be castet by salt spray, condensation nuclei, (known or blown on to spit from newly formed salt ice. Pretty unlikely that enough present I think However. Jan 20 Gutchern was autopsied this A.M. Both tibias had broken + were healing (bent), one tarsus was

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Catharsis macconnichi. also broken. No lesions apparent in bone. This seems to clinch the Ca shortage idea. All her bones were very fragile also, splintered readily, had a porous texture. I should mention also that I checked Modoco liver, lungs, heart for any lesion like aspergilliosis there was nothing all looked healthy the lungs however were not bright red they but very brown in appearance. Jund4 Noted two chicks running today in usual cheek crouch except that their tails were elevated - something like that. However, does adult elevate tail in situations where they are perhaps feeling defensive as when hired at etc. Note this in future.

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Main 1961 Catharacta maccormicki Jan20 Arrived 1:43 31 Paired w chick. 206 Thumbed almost present + chick. A second Ad. with 31 is I believe the RC? of 206. 205 present near nest site. Their chick 30 yds off. 301 percent also pair (2) present seen their chick. In 204 present + chick. Shortly after I arrived chick 31 There was a mass of krill. One adult ate it down when shortly after he threw up more the other adult came over with intentions of eating it but first adult bolted it instead. 1:56 Both 31 adults announce low flying (15') show. 1:58 31 chick + Marked 206 announce & papang show. Ad in challenge. Chick in chick challenge 1e to wings folded. 2:00 Strange pair landed near 204 both challenging then stood. One withdrew flew after a minute so. Other remained a couple minutes then also flew. There was no other challenge though one gave several bill down display. 2:05 Low show 206 Ad, 31 chick + 2nd Ad in challenge. 2:23 First one then second 31 Ad flew off + landed 30ft S. Chick is over near 206. Circle challenge 2:30 31 Chick challenges low flying show 2:32 One of 31 Ad left within last 2 minutes. 2:52 Left. 31 Ad had walled back to nest area. 206 hunt krill 5 minutes then

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Maley 1961 Catharacta maccormicki: Feb 1 Mottled skins were noted several times today. There are birds in which the body feathers particularly head neck & breast have uneven coloration as if they are replacing the contour feathers. Those I have noted have been around campor in penguinings not in sherry. I just noted one on the day of the stern x have been noting them occasionally some. 500 chicks On recent round when I saw the first flying chick I make a observation I should record. As the chick flew down slope & then up an adult dived on it & stayed right on it (the chicks) back, feet down as if trying to force the chick down. After on same round at nest 321 when the chick got up ran one adult did the same thing flew to back of chick & seemed to push it down perhaps to induce it to crouch (?) F&T Tercels &s etc. To Falcons when they have nest I believe, but why? Feb 4 Next 500 chick can almost fly got feet 6 mile a loss off ground & when I chased it 11 - chick out of enclosure.

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Catharacta maccormicki Feb 2 J.-Chub regurgitated food-penguin meat & adult penguin feathers. Feb 6 Several more moultting adults noted during day. Chicks apparently more freely among territories largely commanulated by adults. Because of my presence a herd of 4 gathered on territory 31 none of the respective adults followed them or took any defensive action. This a frequent observation though this is the largest herd I have seen. One exception at nest 11. Chub can fly, alighted on 349 territory one adult attacked it, grabbed it on neck then decorated. Chub in "gape" defense with hissing zirga zirga call. adult attacked it second time chub then ran off. This attack may be because 11 chick so much larger than 349's who is a late hatchling. Incubant at Spa. A standing got into "regurgitating" pose (whatever that is); in other words stretched to neck and about to regurgitate. One adult showed great interest started towards it then as food was brought up several mobbed it on the spot. Feb 8. Molt of Dumas collected on Feb 7. 1761- Replacement general or ventral tract capitulated & very sparse (1012) on back. No flight

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Catharacta maccormicki: Feb 8 feathers or coverts. 1762 (p.204) Replacement on Ventral track near crop area where track bifurcates, capital track stopped sides. No replacement on back - also around edge of breast patch. No flight feathers in counts. 1763 (206) Ventral tuft at bifurcation few on underside of neck, one pin feather, lower back, few on head. No flight feathers or coverts. Also around edge of breast patch. 1764 (42) Heavy replacement on ventral track one entire length. Mild on dorsal track & heavy in capitate tuft. No flight feathers. In counts involved Band #15 of above. 1761 = PM 34883 1762 = 657-61018 1763 = 617-07521 1764 = 617-00149 (New band put on chick) ad challenging blindings chick Pain 308: Chick flew when I approached landed on 331 territory, Adult - unbanded- of that pair landed in front of it & challenged chick hunched up + ran back to territory. Feb 10 Decline Shorebirds seem to be declining though not nearly so precipitously as the penguins. As far as I know & no chick has fledged in sense of being of any sort independent from parents yet. Also adults are still staying with chicks. Decline then

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Catharacta maccormicki Feb 10 must be due to departure of non-breeders or the failure. Scanning out over the bay from V. shore yesterday I was struck by the numbers of skuas seen flying about over the ice even at a great distance north. Some were seen feeding on bodies of penguins presumably chicks. Occurred to me that with the departure of the chicks & no effect & high mortality among them the skuas around tend to depart with them. (Follow penguins all winter?) I have seen skuas quite often in past 10 days to 2 weeks feeding on chick carcasses along shore (in wet) but have made no specific reference to it. Survived chick 102 from pair 305 killed on Feb.8. This chick developed well until almost pledged when legs became weak & he could no longer stand. I noted on the 8 that one leg was bent out deeper so killed the chick. Bones were extremely brittle, crumbled at slightest squeeze of sphincter; body debilitated. same chrestro noted in demming Hadow + Gretchin. Feb 11 A few items picked upon skua record. 1: Calvis + legs of chick 2: Wings of chick beginning to w. primaries 2 under 5 long. Both these items found

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Catharacta maccormicki in killbide skerry are from separate chicks one from nest 52 area & the other from nest 36 area. Not necessarily from that mate however. Black primaries on wing already fading to brown color. 3: It should givelle + banneras of, chick from nest next 3. Wilson petrels. Running feathers r/or feet of fresh ones at 4 different nests. 3 on killbide one on level. 2 Snowpits - Tail feathers at 2 left places. Feb 14 While in skerry this morning measuring nest distance noted 1 chick setting with 5016 adults on a mound. This one of Snow pairs. Also at nest 300, 2 flying chicks were sitting in company with one adult. Feb 18 Walked north shore in morning. Und 40+ knots. Skies, sitting on lee side of ridge. Noted 2 of this year's chicks in lot. Both banded. Afternoon visited nest on penguin side: 364 A present defensive 331 Unbanded adult present, chick present, Less begged - gave begging cry when sighted adult 307 One adult (or pair - not sure) chick not seen 308 One adult, dark one, chick present

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Catharus maccormicki Feb 19 Pair 305 not present, chick not present 339 Pair present chick flying 363 Pair & chick present chick not flying Notes on Adare survey from Bruce Reid dated Jan. 25. 255 pairs of shuses 220 pairs with either egg or chicks No egg no chick = 35 2 chicks 12 1 chick 194 1 egg, 1 chick 4 2 eggs 3 1 egg 7 total chicks 222 " egg 17 Grand Total 239 Brian thought turning about the same as (Hallett), thought fewer 2 chick roots. Feb 27 Chick 361 or 57 was fed by adult. In begging from adult it assumed the hunched position with however the wings raised up & beat simply at wrist something like that. Chick runs toward ad with wing moving back & forth, limpness of "hand" gives it movement a "rowing" motion. Outter streaks call uttered by 2 flying chicks closing & diving at each other. Adults utter same call in this other situation

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Meln 1961 Catharacta maccormicki: 127 Feb.20 The afternoon there were 30+ skuas feeding about carcass of caheating seal at hydrogen shack. None were young of year. This true all the time the skuas fed on seal scraps - no young seen. Feb.22 √ 323 Adult present, chick present √ 364 1 adult, chick present - not flying √ 331 No adults present, chick dead for 2073 days apparently. 307 Banded adult & chick present on here. A territorial defence vs another, skua was seen. √ 308 - nothing present. √ 305 Non banded adult & chick present. A territorial announcement seen. √ 363 - One adult and chick present. chick not flying √ 339 Chick present & at least one adult √ 327 Chick feeding Brian reports a chick feeding on a dead adelic penguin at bottom of Lelluke colony. Feb.25 No chicks have been seen yet feeding on the seal remains Feb.28 One chick seen sitting with adult banging about near hell, just I have seen down this end of camp,

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Mahe 1961 Catharista maccormicki. 128 Food Fresh Bull regurgitated Mar. 1 - Caught chick E in shuiny. It regurgitated [illegible] seen frequently, a mass of fresh skull, apparently ad. please offshore during [illegible]. Arthur Ford of USGS from Armb saw a alena 200-250 miles from pole, heading South. Mar. 2 A chick (E) regurgitated a mass of 6 small fish (5 inches long ±) Bruce liking of Stanford gave me the name - Pleurogramma ?? I think! ! Mar. 5 Four young and 8 adults were seen at top of bush near nest site 331 Chick 363 can just fly. Mar. 7 A Salmon banded adult near nest 327 showed signs of wing moult. 4th primary from outer end on each wing. One showed definite gap that the wing a distinct notch. This first only sign of wing moult seen so far. Mar. 6 Shuiny across bay visited this day. Beltoto collected gelled following: Ping pong ball Snow Petrel Wilson " Adelie Penguin Fresh remains Total 1 34 10 3 1 48

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Maker 1961 Catharaita macconnelli: Date from sleney from earlier visit supplied by Brian Reid (Nov 29 - count of pellets) Wilson Petrel 244 Snow petrel 86 Adelie 27 Slenn chicks 7 Total 364 pellets * Snow Petrel count includes wings + gulls + pellets - hence no egg-related as far as is concerned. Brian noted snow petrel wings not brought back + included in count above of Mar. 6 meat: Wilson Petrel 4 Snow petrel wing pairs 14 leg pairs 5 Single leg 3 Bodies 4

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Maly 1960 Wing colours code of shiner. Nor. 11 Wing Colour. No. Remark Rt Red DM 34870 Recyp. Lft Red DM 34874 " Rt Blue DM 34868 " Lft Blue DM 34883 " Rt Yellow 657-61008 New Lft Yellow DM-34864 Recyp. Rt. Orange 659-61003 New Lft Orange 659-61004 New Rt Green 657-61001 New Lft Green 658-61002 New Rt Rd-Yellow 658-61006 " Lft Rd-Yellow 658-61005 " Rt Rd-Gr. 658-61007 " Lft Rd-Gr. DM-34913 Recyp. Rt Rd-Bl 657-61009 New Lft Rd-Bl 657-61010 " Rt Rd-Orange 657-61011 " Lft Rd-Orange DM-34882 Recyp. Rt. Bl-Rd DM-34863 " Lft Bl-Rd 657-61012 New. Nor. 12 Rt Bl-Or 657-61013 New Lft Bl-Or 657-61015 New Rt Bl-Yw. DM-34873 Recyp Lft " 657-61014 New Rt Yw-Rd (Lft) DM 34823, (Rt) FWS 647-26203 Buy Lft " (Rt) FWS-617-00024 (Lft Rd) Recyp

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Mela 1961 Citrusaeta macconnicki. jan 19 Band No. Chich. No. (flat No.) 657- 61033 30 034 206 035 328 (4 328?) 036 12 037 2 038 26 039 339 040 22? 041 22} 042 302? 043 302) 044 328 (or 29) [illegible] 045 305 046 327 047 204 or 230 048 205 049 31 050 300 Jan 21 657- 61101 307-RM 61102 307 LM 61103 323 61104 308 Jan 24 657- 61105 11 - 106 26 107 36 108 235 109 76

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Maler 1961 Catharacta maccormicki Date Band No. Nest Hbr Chilk Jan 25 657-61138 330 139 41 140 1 141 B KOK 142 30 (01232) 033 143 232 144 C 145 348 146 N 147 38 148 361 149 18 Jan 27 150 3 151 214 152 71 153 154 155 354 156 247 (182) 157 347 [illegible] large check near 230. 6/31 158 364 159 H 160 161 321 162 163 73 164 331

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Male 1961 Cathemeta maccannidii 629-61/193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200

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Male 1961 Catharata macconnicki: Color Pictures Bl + White Jan 24. Roll # 14: first 18 pictures largely of P. antarctica taken this date. Seven chicks taken in order then are: 235 (2), 78 (1), 209 (2), 359 (2), 77 (1), 75 (3), 72 (1 & 2). Two pictures of two penguins follow. Two adult chicks 331 L&Y. - Two penguin chicks (? 1 ?) - Roll ends roll - on Jan 25. Roll: Alfred # 1 Bl + W. Jan 30. First part of roll of penguin chick Sunday during blow. Pictures of 331 chick on Jan 30. Jan 31. Finished roll. Chicks 39, 331 pictures 349 chick 1 picture + series of ad. honoring, challenging etc. One picture each of chick ♀, 11, 19, I, J. (No 11 may be before 349 chick difference in age should make it obvious).

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Mabey 1960 Deer band recoveries. Nov.20 FWS 617-00144 (found twisted in skua nest 232) " 617 00149 (found in skuaing on string -near [illegible] Oct.31

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Maly 1960 Liptonychotes weddelli Oct 29 Scott Base, McMurdo. 7 & seals with calves on ice along sea side of pressure ridge near Scott Base. Each & with one pup. Several born within a few hours I would say as their umbilici were fresh & the placenta also looked fresh. Near each & was an impression in the snow melted in 8 to 10 mile deep of the seal. They apparently had lain there for several day without moving before giving birth. Spots of mire in depression indicated that they had not even moved or moved slightly for this function. The seals were aware of our presence but most put up with it. One came yowards me but stopped 10 feet off. One flid moving with flippers held against side & tail off these exactly in the manner of a giant inch worm. Oct. 31 Saw one Weddell seal in evening on ice 1/4 mile offshore from camp.

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Meley 1961 Hydrurga leptonyx. Jan 30 Several (2) sightings of 4 leopard seals have been made in the past week & are recorded in the daily Journal. Today's observation are worth separate treatment. I was awakened at 2.54 today by one of the aerographers who had seen a leopard seal eating penguins. Here is what had happened. He was standing a few feet from shore near the Bio fleet. The ice was packed in pretty tight, leaving a narrow band of open water along shore. There were penguin adults & chicks swimming & on the ice. He saw a number of penguins get out of the water in some disarray then suddenly the leopard head appeared 30 feet off shore grabbed a penguin standing on the edge of a low-lying ice flow & disappeared. The penguin was grabbed around its middle. The flow was 12-15 feet higher than the water. The seal was not near to eat the penguin; later, the seals head again emerged with a penguin in its mouth. Kreiger thought this was a second penguin taken. The seal disappeared. It was when Douglas & I were called. When I arrived it had already taken a third, a chick. It was not seen to take the one but simply emerged with it in its mouth. For 15 or 20 minutes the seal played with the carcass, rolling over & over, leaving it floating submerging & reappearing to grab the

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Pagodroma nivea Oct 31 Pallett station. First snow petrel seen at 3:36 P.M. It was flying high & along the ridge behind camp. Flight was direct with almost continuous flapping which I understand is typical of the bird. Dr. Fells saw one later in the afternoon across the bay at the site at which they nested last year. The bird landed & entered a nest cavity, emerged a few minute later & flew. These are the first seen this year. Nov. 3 None seen since above. Nov. 4. Several Hawaiian men live on a fundage construction detail reported seeing some snow petrels today. They were seen in mid afternoon, in 2 flocks & about 15 in the first & 15 or 16 in the second. Flying high from Pallett miles across bay. Nov. 7 George Meyers & Keith Wise made a trip across the big bay in the afternoon. They reported seeing "a couple of dozen" snow petrels about one segment of the cliff. Meyers reported seeing one bird go in & come out of a nest cavity. Nov. 9 Visited petrelery in afternoon, the section of ciff we visited was pt about a mile long

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Malg 1960 Lagodroma minor No. 9 according to the map, at its N. end it was estimated to be 300 feet high but for 2/3 of its length it was 500 or more. The rock reminds me of N.Y. palisades + may be agree with them but its important characteristics as far as the petrels are concerned is the fact that it is very much fractured + crumbling, thus forming numerous cavities for nest sites. The birds were in evidence flying about the face of the cliff + as one watched it became obvious that there were great numbers of them. They could be heard squawking from the cliffs in a call that can best be described by saying it is similar to Donald Duck. It is a grating, low-pitched roar (the best I can do) It was emitted by single birds when we were near the nest or by a bird when its mate - or another bird joined it. We found a number of nests. One that I saw at 3 in a burrow + a w one bird. Three were shallow, about 1-2 feet deep; the birds were easily taken. Two were quite deep - 4 feet + harder to get at. One of these had been blocked in snow + it was evident that the petrel had cleared out the snow to get in. The birds remained in their cavities when

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Maka 1960 Pasodroma nivea. Nov. 9 disturbed, tho they had opportunity to fly off in some instances. They spet an orange colored oil when approached + handled + most were soiled with this as we were also. The quantity they produced was amazing - 2-3 ounces from some birds, one or a produced none to a few drops. No egg were found. The bird seemed more active on its feet than I expected. One member of the first pair found stood on its feet while we photographed the pair + caught it mate. Another pair - beyond arms reach in its burrow stood in the back + climbed out of sight, or tree 40. It was noted that one bird used its beak to get a purchase but they definitely stood for long periods + were able to use the feet with which to climb. Nov.10 Table a walk in the Ata to the cliffs at the cape. This is a mass of congealed lava, 6700 ft above. It is crumbling & Cristalated at the top, estimated at 45-500 feet high. Three snow petrels were seen along the cliffs. One was seen to land + was greeted by the squeaking of another. The call of the species was heard 3

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Mabey 1960 Pagodroma nivea Nor16times while we were then coming from the cliff face. It looks as if a few pair probably nest there. The limiting factor here seems to be the nature of the rock. This cliff just doesn't offer the numerous nest sites of the criffs across the way. Nor.13. One seen over the base in evening late probably about midnight. Nor.14. Collin Bailey returned from climbing the ridge behind camp and reported numbers of snow petrels about the top of the ciffa. Nor.16 #1659 moulting heavily on head - few contour on breast & back. Filbert Island was visited by a party consisting of Keith, Mary Charles Frame, + Peter Dell. The island is 1 mile long + 3/4 mile wide at widest. It is situated in the S. end of Edisto Inlet. It is cut off from the bay proper by tongues of the Annah and Manbank glaciers which meet on the middle of the inlet. The island is fronted by sea ice on its N & W sides & by the Edisto Glacier on S. & most of E. side. The party visited the N & NW side of island. Only snow petrels were seen, perhaps 10 or 12 all told but Northern run near Filbert Island T.W.

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Papadroma River The cries of many were heard in the radios. Keith had the impression that there were half as many as at the cliffs erected previously but still a fair number of birds. In evening at 11:30 PM, the Radiosonde Balloon was released. Petrels were seen about it following strip. Pam Pougherty says they frequently do this. In about 3-5 minutes watching I saw 1, 2, 15, 1 birds fly over coming from the E- heading across Electro inlet toward the petrelery. Nov. 17 At 11:40 AM 4 or 5 were seen flying E high over station. 12:25 5 more were seen as above 3:40 PM 3 were seen flying E towards Hallett Ridge on one side, a 4th was seen along ridge. This ridge to some 1000 feet high & petrels are seen there along the top with fair frequency. From their age when seen flying this it seems that the birds normally fly at about 1000 feet altitude but occasionally I have seen them come in fog or late evening over the station. A large flight of petrels went on, in the evening, heading W. towards the petrelery. They were first noticed at 6:15 by Peter Martin, flying high.

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Maker 1966 Pagodroma nivea Nov.17 Two 10 minute counts were made with results: Time: 6:20 - 6:31 Birds: 2, 13, 53, 14, 5, 14, 40, 16, 6, 30, 52, 1, 19, 21, 14, 40, 28, 12, 33, 21, 10, 14 16. Total 471 Rate: 2826 / hour Time: 7:35 - 7:45 Birds: 5, 32, 6, 24, 2, 2, 17, 2, 46, 2, 44, 9, 1, 55, 12. Total 259. Rate 1554 / hour Some were still going over at 8:30 but no count was made. None were seen in a 2 minute check at 10:30. At Midnight (11:35-11:40 to be exact) 11 were seen (8, 2, 1) all again flying high & heading west Nov.18 11 AM 9 Snow Petrels over camp, high -> E. 12:17 4 " " -> E 12:42 - 12:45 6 SP -> E 5:00 - 5:20 PM. 3, 13, 1, 2, 6, 7, 4, 1, 5 = 42 6:15-6:20 4, 14 = 18 18 12 36 216 Visibility poorer this evening some high airmass layer present.

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Papodroma nivea Nov. 21 Visited Prioro Precipice today. There is a series of cliffs extending for about a mile along the W. side of Echiet's Inlet. It is one of a large cliffs on that side of the key the other one being referred to as Towles Camparta. These 2 plus the cliffs on Felicite Island are the only main snow petrel habitat here. They are other cliffs on the E. side of the key but they are of volcanic material like cape Nallett and like it do not seem to provide many nest sites for the petrel. To get back to Prioro Cee. I checked the S. most portion which proved to be suitable petrel habitat, climbed a bit about the central portion visited on previous trip here & traveled the full length of the N. most portion. Snow petrels were not in evidence most of the time. We saw only one or 2 in our climb & found none in burrows tho- we must have explored a dozen active nest sites. Very few were seen at other portions of the cliff. The birds simply were not present. On our last visit they were visible constantly in number.

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Pagodroma nivea flying back & forth along the cliff, audibly from the nest cavities. The birds very far were seen. Most of these were about the top of the tallest part of the cliff at the N. end. We climbed up the back of the cliff where the slope make a climb feasible. The cliff is about a thousand feet high at this point, and must be 110 1200 feet high at its highest point. The profile of the cliff is as: > so that there appears to be more nest sites high up then come down. We dropped down a ways from the top & found a number of nests, 2 with birds which we took & strangled. Nest sites were numerous, all used - what in more they showed much more sign of past use than those I saw low down on the cliff. There was a heavy incrustation of dropping on the rocks about tentatives. This formed a brownish white layer very much like pack rat droppings on rocks & pka. Dead dicks were common, one nest yielded 6 from previous years. We found one old unhatched egg. Curious usually show signs of current nests actively but again the birds were largely absent. We

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Maker 1960 Colours band Pagodroma nivea Nov.21 descended by the back slope, a comparatively gentle one, steep but easy walking. There were many boulders scattered about & we found that the petrels petrels were meeting here also. Found 2 in one burrow which we collected, also saw a number of other burrows. Brian & Colin visited Toulles ramparts also + found similar conditions. i.e many unoccupied burrows + a few birds present. They collected one. Nov.29 Trip to petrelery again, + again to the cliffs called Prior's Precipice locally. (I hope it remains local). Sampling again was along top of cliff on both E & W sides of it + extending for half mile along it. Douglas estimate he inspected 70 nest sites. Estimate I saw 40 or so, a total sample of over a hundred. We found a bird in nests one of which Dr. captured. I scared one bird from its nest + saw another enter a burrow from which I scared it a little later. Colin+ Brian saw no birds at all in nests. Birds were definitely scarce than last time. We saw 4 or 5 in the air total in the entire day. Old dead chicks were found again but

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Mabey 1960 Pagodroma nivea not collected. Don found 2 chicks probably from last year which seem good enough to skin. I was there. Also we found old egg. Brought 3 entire ones back with me, One of which cracked & the other 2 were blown. One of these seems to be only one year old & was apparently infertile. The other, several years old contains an embryo & feathers which is now macerating (I hope). Brian has measured the eggs where 3 he brought back. They are: 55.6 x 40.4 Cracked Mabey 52.8 x 40.4 Entire " 54.3 x 39.2 " 53.1 x 40.7 Entire Reid 50.8 x 37.5 Cracked 56.6 x 37.9 [illegible] It was evident that the birds were almost entirely absent. What is more. The absence of sighting of the birds flying over in the past week or more probably indicates that they are not regularly present about the breeding sites as yet but all or most nests had obviously been visited Dec 1 Flock of 80-100 snow petrels flying low over camp. Wind strong from S. Birds heading into the hot moony W. Scores Bay.

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Makey 1960 Pagodroma nivea Dec 8 Eight petrels seen at 5:30 PM flying W. at 100 feet height. Dec.7 D.S.D. reports 50-75 petrels flying high to West at 1:45 AM. this date. Dec 5 35-40 petrels high at 3:30 PM → W. Dec 12 At 10:30 AM Don Penglase saw a large flock of snow petrels, 50-100 birds, our flying around the cape. Mar 6 Three mile trip to petersley today. The party consisted of Brian Ford, Arthur Ford of U.S. & S.T. Mipref. We were transported across the bay by a helicopter from the Edicks and left there for 4 hours. We left there at about 10:15 and were picked up at 2:30 or 2:40 PM. The copter landed us in the saddle behind the precipice N. of the glacier across the bay. Brian & I climbed the precipice from there + worked our way along the top applying down the face in likely places for nets. We also searched on the back-side of the cliff where rocks looked suitable. Results are summarized as follows: 1) Only 2 adult petrels were seen, both flying along cliff 2/3 of way down. 2) More than half of the nests were empty. We looked in quite a few before finding a chick. We saw a total of 6 live

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Papodroma mura checks & 1 dead one. Five of the former were collected (actually thought I had 6 but only 5 when I got back). All were on verge of flying most with some down still attached. None made any attempt to fly when disturbed. 3) Most at least majority of chicks still have fledged. 4) Chicks defecate out entrance of nest. Must move 2 feet or more from position in which they usually sit. 5) Chicks exercise before flying. Brown saw one flapping wings on ledge. Caught it & found it had moved a couple of feet from its nest. All chick 6) Still being fed by adults. One chick regurgitated bit of fish flesh & a length of vertebrol column (saved.) Others produced large quantities of orange oil. Former were definitely being fed & others I presume being fed on krill. Can't see how they would produce orange oil if just living on their reserves. 7) Adults & chicks can walk. Saw chicks bird landed on feet & taraw then walked 16 steps on foot only across snow & scrambled up on rock. Very clearly shown. 8) When one bird seen approaching a slime flow near to mate but kept on after looking the place over. Seems to prey on

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Maly (461) Pagodroma nivea petrels as shown by remains found in snowy. See Skua account for this. From Brian Reid: 149 nests occupied. - all others in recent dropping - chick collected 6 nests w chicks on back side 4 collected Chick preening on ledge [sketch of a bird on a ledge] walked up from nest to shelf to see some just points in snow. Retreated back when Skua swooped over. Petrel chick could be caught this way. Presence of half-grown chick in snowy indicate they can't do take chicks out of nest - some nests quite vulnerable - more open cavities Brian found a clean skeleton of a snow-petrel chick in small nest cavity 2 feet 9 inches in from entrance in cavity 4½" high 9" wide. Inaccessible to Skua. Cannibalism? ???

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