Catharacta maccormicki: Dec 5 Arrived at the denery at 9:50. Sat near nest 204. Both off nest. R.Y-0 walked back to nest wings up, and after a minutes pause sat on the egg. Left.Y-0 stands and watches me 10:01 Shua flies over. L. gives challenge display, a second time as the bird circles 10:12 L. is sitting 10:14 Shua flies in. L. gives 2 syllable challenge + stands. Rt. gives same call while sitting on nest. The bird circle - gets no recognition on the second circle; on third L. puts bill down + give muffled call, raising head as he did as he sits. 10:15 another shua, L. stands gives brief call half raises wings then folds them, stands; sits. 10:20 p. 350 copulating. Bird with Al. hand on left tarsus is male. He mounted several times. We not successful. The ♀ turned head up + jabbed at his bill + breast when he mounted, jabbed 3 or 4 times finally turning head aside + straightening up as she pushed. This knocked the off. It is possible that courtship feeding is a necessary prelude to copulation on part of ♀. It seems to me in retrospect