[Journal of the Crocker Land Expedition]

Fitzhugh Green, June 29th 1913 Tc CROCKER LAND EXPEDITION OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND THE AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY 1913 - 1915 P

{ "text": "much as Turkey will. All of her\nplans so carefully nurtured for East-\nern conquest would fail without them.\nArabia with Mecca and Medina torn\nfrom the Ottoman Empire and the\nCaliphate lost to the Sultan would\nput an end to the Kaiser's dream of\nmoulding to his own will the great\npower of Islam.\n\nThe Turks have had a free hand\nduring the war. They have had their\nown way unchecked and unobstructed\nby the dreaded European restraint.\nThousands of burned and destroyed\nArmenian towns, villages and homes,\na race deported to starvation in a\ndesert, and 500,000 Armenians dead—\nthis is the result.\n\nThe Devils and Ribbons of the\nGreenland Eskimo.\n\nIt is painful to learn that the most\npolite people in the world are still be-\nlievers in devil control, still unversed\nin conventional morality, but it is a\npain made rather exquisite when the\nrecital of the shortcomings of the\nEskimos of Greenland comes from the\npen of Lieutenant FITZTHUGH GREEN,\nU. S. N., of the Crocker Land ex-\npedition, whose articles on \"Arctic\nDuty\" are running in the Naval In-\nstitute Proceedings.\n\nLieutenant GREEN neither condemns\nnor condemns, but looks upon the\nbrown children of the north with an\nadmirable and kindly philosophy. He\nseems to understand how naturally\nthe natives came to that animistic\nreligion which provides separate de-\ndemons for the ice, the sea, the winds,\nthe fiord. The Christian missionaries\nhave been unable to eradicate the old\nbelief, and the writer does not criti-\ncise them for their failure, but rather\napplauds them for their untiring, un-\nelifish work to spread the doctrine of\nbrotherly love among the Eskimos.\nGREEN himself finds one of the causes\nof the superstitions the deceptive\nlight of the far north. He does not\nmention it, but this very thing, re-\nsulting in optical illusion, made FEARY\nsee a Crocker Land that did not ex-\nist, and incidentally sent GREEN on\nthe errand of which he writes so well.\nThe Eskimo may well see devils when\nan American naval Lieutenant is thus\naffected:\n\n\"As the twilight sets in, a vague un-\neasiness sometimes comes. We white\nmen felt it; it is a purely psychological\nphenomenon, a kind of anxiety psychosis\nof fatigue, I imagine. Shades glide\nacross the way. Grotesque figures\nbeckon silently on the moor, which is\ngrey white, like death. Or they hover\nat a little distance, in a kind of dread-\nful hesitation as if undecided whether\nto pursue or not. Thus it is the native\nmeets dead friends, personified deeds,\nmanlike animals, or any other of the in-numerable forms that lie within the\npower of all superior devils. Nor does\nthe ghastly show stop here. Familiar\n\nlandmarks rear unsteadily, suddenly ex-\npand with catastrophic violence, and\nhaving submitted to utter annihilation\nsink insubduably back to their original\nshape and mass. Stars fixed forever in\nthe memory of man tear madly across\nthe flaming Arctic heavens; and, having\nmated in all their blazing grandeur,\nreturn swiftly to their accustomed niches.\n\n\"MINIQ swore to me that he had seen\nArcturus twice on such a jaunt. SIQSU,\na man of the highest character, my\nfoster father and enduring friend, wit-\nessed the brilliant descent of a well\nknown planet, which dipped into the\nsea near Kookan. Nay, he even heard\nthe spitting steam which rose in clouds\nwherein the star's return was concealed.\nThese eyes that guide my pen (as a\nmatter of uniliterary fact they are play-\ning 'Over There' on a rusty Corona)\nhave scanned the dreary snow plateaus\nabove Etah until, in sheer vexation at the\nimmobility of all things, some re-\nbellious nerve within became hypersen-\nsitively apt. A black creature romps\nacross the little valley at my feet. As\nI hesitate, half startled, it returns. Then\nagain around the sombre vista; and\nagain returns. Yet it is only a rock, a\nsingle black boulder face that has been\nbared by the wind and stands out\nsharply black amid the boundless gray\nwhite afternoon.\n\n\"Oh, it's well, friend reader, to ridicule\nthe poor barbarian's Almighty Devil.\nBut wait: who knows, some day in\nHero Land perhaps you too may be\ntired, agonizingly fatigued, weary be-\nyond all power of pain to choke curses\nfrom your withered throat. Then, take\nthe word of one who knows, you'll see\nthe Almighty Devil and all his court.\nAnd you'll grasp a final thanksgiving if\nthey pass unseen.\"\n\nThe Eskimos that GREEN visited, and\nhe went to many of the Danish set-\ntlements, have no morals in matters\nof the marital relation, yet one of\ntheir various devils prevents them\nfrom permitting children from per-\nsons too closely related. They have\nno form of marriage, and their court-\nships are odd:\n\n\"Instead of 'wooing' the affection of\nthe maiden the suitor practises all his\nlittle parlor tricks on the father, taking\ncare to make it plain that, no other\nyoung fellow in the neighborhood is so\nclever with harpoon and whip, and none\nso well disposed to support aged in-laws\nwhen famine seizes upon the weak and\nmutilates the strong. In one or two\ncases I knew of the lucky man gained\nhis point, and bride, by a suitable gift\nof dogs, or line, or skins and meat,\nto her father. In other words, he simply\nwas the highest bidder—which, barring\nthe impulse of animal emotion, is what\neven conventional marriage amounts to.\nRoman countrymen, am I not correct?\"\n\nIn spite of their inability to appreci-\nate the propriety of formal mar-\nrriages the Eskimos listen politely to\nthe missionaries' lectures on the sub-\nject. They show no indignation when\ninformed of their offences of omission\n\nand sometimes find delight in hearing\nabout them:\n\n\"The native's sense of humor is very\nkeen. NILSEN told me that one reason\nthey flocked to church whenever the pas-\ntor came was to hear him discourse\nupon the immorality of the tribe. Of\ncourse in discussing delicate subjects\nin a language with which he was none\nto familiar he made mistakes more lu-\ngubrious than anything the cleverest\npunster and wit in the country could\ninvent. So far as I could see, from the\nnative point of view he was a sort of\nwalking edition of Le Rêve. And the\nway the younger set used to wait for\nthe next issue was a caution.\"\n\nThe Eskimo women put up their\nhair in a tall knot and tie it with\nribbons of one of three colors. The\nred ribbon signifies that the wearer\nis unmarried; the blue, married, or at\nleast having a man who supports her\nand her children. \"Green is worn by\nthose who have children but no recog-\nnized husband.\" The Lieutenant adds\nthat the green is worn almost as\nproudly as the blue.\n\nYet, with all that, they seem to be\na likable people, and GREEN admires\ntheir politeness, as every one must.\nProbably if they had subways their\nMr. SHORTS would not have to put\nup those signs.\n\n8 7\nThe Sun\nAND NEW YORK PRESS.\n\nSUNDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1918.\n\nMEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS.\nThe Associated Press is exclusively en-\ntitled to the use for republication of all\nnews dispatches credited to it or not\notherwise credited in this paper and also\nthe local news published herein.\nAll rights of republication of special\ndispatches herein are also reserved.\n\nEntered at the Post Office at New York as\nSecond Class Mail Matter.\n\nSubscriptions by Mail, Postpaid.\nDAILY, Per Month...$0.50\nSUNDAY, Per Month...... .60\nSUNDAY (to Canada), Per Month.. 35\nSUNDAY, Per Year..... .50\nDAILY AND SUNDAY, Per Year.. 8.50\nDAILY AND SUNDAY, Per Month... 75\nFOREIGN RATES.\nDAILY, Per Month..\nSUNDAY, Per Month..\nDAILY AND SUNDAY, Per Month...\nTHE EVENING SUN, Per Month..... .60\nTHE EVENING SUN (Foreign)....... .50\n\nAll checks, money orders, etc., to be\nmade payable to THE SUN.\n\nPublished daily, including Sunday, by the\nSun Printing and Publishing Association at\n150 Nassau street, in the Borough of Man-\nhattan. New York. President, Frank A.\nMunsey, 150 Nassau street; Vice-President,\nErvin Wardman, 150 Nassau street; Sec-\nretary, R. H. Tillinghast, 150 Nassau\nstreet; Treasurer, Wm. T. Dewart, 150\nNassau street.\n\nLondon office, 40-42 Fleet street.\nParis office, 6 Rue de la Michodiere, off\nRue du Quatre Septembre.\nWashington office, Munsey Building,\nBrooklyn office, Room 202, Eagle Build-\ning. 503 Washington street.\n```。这里有一个JSON对象，其中键为\"text\"，值为转录的文本。该文本遵循了您提供的指令，包括忽略不清晰的文字和保留原始拼写及标点符号。如果任何单词或短语是模糊不清的，则使用'[illegible]'作为占位符。整个页面没有重复出现'[illegible]'标记，因为大部分文本都是可读的。希望这能满足您的需求！如果有任何其他要求或者需要进一步的帮助，请随时告诉我！</think>```json\n{\n \"text\": \"much as Turkey will. All of her\\nplans so carefully nurtured for East-\\nern conquest would fail without them.\\nArabia with Mecca and Medina torn\\nfrom the Ottoman Empire and the\\nCaliphate lost to the Sultan would\\nput an end to the Kaiser's dream of\\nmoulding to his own will the great\\npower of Islam.\\n\\nThe Turks have had a free hand\\nduring the war. They have had their\\nown way unchecked and unobstructed\\nby the dreaded European restraint.\\nThousands of burned and destroyed\\nArmenian towns, villages and homes,\\na race deported to starvation in a\\ndesert, and 500,000 Armenians dead—\\nthis is the result.\\n\\nThe Devils and Ribbons of the\\nGreenland Eskimo.\\n\\nIt is painful to learn that the most\\npolite people in the world are still be-\\nlievers in devil control, still unversed\\nin conventional morality, but it is a\\npain made rather exquisite when the\\nrecital of the shortcomings of the\\nEskimos of Greenland comes from the\\npen of Lieutenant FITZTHUGH GREEN,\\nU. S. N., of the Crocker Land ex-\\npedition, whose articles on \"Arctic\\nDuty\" are running in the Naval In-\\nstitute Proceedings.\\n\\nLieutenant GREEN neither condemns\\nnor condemns, but looks upon the\\nbrown children of the north with an\\nadmirable and kindly philosophy. He\\nseems to understand how naturally\\nthe natives came to that animistic\\nreligion which provides separate de-\\ndemons for the ice, the sea, the winds,\\nthe fiord. The Christian missionaries\\nhave been unable to eradicate the old\\nbefield, and the writer does not criti-\\ncise them for their failure, but rather\\napplauds them for their untiring, un-\\nelifish work to spread the doctrine of\\nbrotherly love among the Eskimos.\\nGREEN himself finds one of the causes\\nof the superstitions the deceptive\\nlight of the far north. He does not\\nmention it, but this very thing, re-\\nsulting in optical illusion, made FEARY\\nsee a Crocker Land that did not ex-\\nist, and incidentally sent GREEN on\\nthe errand of which he writes so well.\\nThe Eskimo may well see devils when\\nan American naval Lieutenant is thus\\naffect-ed:\\n\\n\"As the twilight sets in, a vague un-\\neasiness sometimes comes. We white\\nmen felt it; it is a purely psychological\\nphenomenon, a kind of anxiety psychosis\\nof fatigue, I imagine. Shades glide\\nacross the way. Grotesque figures\\nbeckon silently on the moor, which is\\ngrey white, like death. Or they hover\\nat a little distance, in a kind of dread-\\nful hesitation as if undecided whether\\nto pursue or not. Thus it is the native\\nmeets dead friends, personified deeds,\\nmanlike animals, or any other of the in-numerable forms that lie within the\\npower of all superior devils. Nor does\\nthe ghastly show stop here. Familiar\\n\\nlandmarks rear unsteadily, suddenly ex-\\npand with catastrophic violence, and\\nhaving submitted to utter annihilation\\nsink insubduably back to their original\\nshape and mass. Stars fixed forever in\\nthe memory of man tear madly across\\nthe flaming Arctic heavens; and, having\\nmated in all their blazing grandeur,\\nreturn swiftly to their accustomed niches.\\n\\n\"MINIQ swore to me that he had seen\\nArcturus twice on such a jaunt. SIQSU,\\na man of the highest character, my\\nfoster father and enduring friend, wit-\\nessed the brilliant descent of a well\\nknown planet, which dipped into the\\nsea near Kookan. Nay, he even heard\\nthe spitting steam which rose in clouds\\nwherein the star's return was concealed.\\nThese eyes that guide my pen (as a\\nmatter of uniliterary fact they are play-\\ning 'Over There' on a rusty Corona)\\nhave scanned the dreary snow plateaus\\nabove Etah until, in sheer vexation at the\\nimmobility of all things, some re-\\nbellious nerve within became hypersen-\\nsitively apt. A black creature romps\\nacross the little valley at my feet. As\\nI hesitate, half startled, it returns. Then\\nagain around the sombre vista; and\\nagain returns. Yet it is only a rock, a\\nsingle black boulder face that has been\\nbared by the wind and stands out\\nsharply black amid the boundless gray\\nwhite afternoon.\\n\\n\"Oh, it's well, friend reader, to ridicule\\nthe poor barbarian's Almighty Devil.\\nBut wait: who knows, some day in\\nHero Land perhaps you too may be\\ntired, agonizingly fatigued, weary be-\\nyond all power of pain to choke curses\\nfrom your withered throat. Then, take\\nthe word of one who knows, you'll see\\nthe Almighty Devil and all his court.\\nAnd you'll grasp a final thanksgiving if\\nthey pass unseen.\"\n\\nThe Eskimos that GREEN visited, and\\nhe went to many of the Danish set-\\ntlements, have no morals in matters\\nof the marital relation, yet one of\\ntheir various devils prevents them\\nfrom permitting children from per-\\nsons too closely related. They have\\nno form of marriage, and their court-\\nships are odd:\\n\\n\"Instead of 'wooing' the affection of\\nthe maiden the suitor practises all his\\nlittle parlor tricks on the father, taking\\ncare to make it plain that, no other\\nyoung fellow in the neighborhood is so\\nclever with harpoon and whip, and none\\nso well disposed to support aged in-laws\\nwhen famine seizes upon the weak and\\nmutilates the strong. In one or two\\ncases I knew of the lucky man gained\\nhis point, and bride, by a suitable gift\\nof dogs, or line, or skins and meat,\\nto her father. In other words, he simply\\nwas the highest bidder—which, barring\\nthe impulse of animal emotion, is what\\neven conventional marriage amounts to.\\nRoman countrymen, am I not correct?\"\n\\nIn spite of their inability to appreci-\\nate the propriety of formal mar-\\nrriages the Eskimos listen politely to\\nthe missionaries' lectures on the sub-\\nject. They show no indignation when\\ninformed of their offences of omission\\n\\nand sometimes find delight in hearing\\nabout them:\\n\\n\"The native's sense of humor is very\\nkeen. NILSEN told me that one reason\\nthey flocked to church whenever the pas-\\ntor came was to hear him discourse\\non the immorality of the tribe. Of\\ncourse in discussing delicate subjects\\nin a language with which he was none\\nto familiar he made mistakes more lu-\\ngubrious than anything the cleverest\\npunster and wit in the country could\\n invent. So far as I could see, from the\\nnative point of view he was a sort of\\nwalking edition of Le Rêve. And the\\nway the younger set used to wait for\\nthe next issue was a caution.\"\n\\nThe Eskimo women put up their\\nhair in a tall knot and tie it with\\nribbons of one of three colors. The\\nred ribbon signifies that the wearer\\nis unmarried; the blue, married, or at\\nleast having a man who supports her\\nand her children. \"Green is worn by\\nthose who have children but no recog-\\nnized husband.\" The Lieutenant adds\\nthat the green is worn almost as\\nproudly as the blue.\\n\\nYet, with all that, they seem to be\\na likable people, and GREEN admires\\ntheir politeness, as every one must.\\nProbably if they had subways their\\nMr. SHORTS would not have to put\\nup those signs.\\n\\n8 7\\nThe Sun\\nAND NEW YORK PRESS.\\n\\nSUNDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1918.\\n\\nMEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS.\\nThe Associated Press is exclusively en-\\ntitled to the use for republication of all\\nnews dispatches credited to it or not\\notherwise credited in this paper and also\\nthe local news published herein.\\nAll rights of republication of special\\ndispatches herein are also reserved.\\n\\nEntered at the Post Office at New York as\\nSecond Class Mail Matter.\\n\\nSubscriptions by Mail, Postpaid.\\nDAILY, Per Month...$0.50\\nSUNDAY, Per Month...... .60\\nSUNDAY (to Canada), Per Month.. 35\\nSUNDAY, Per Year..... .50\\nDAILY AND SUNDAY, Per Year.. 8.50\\nDAILY AND SUNDAY, Per Month... 75\\nFOREIGN RATES.\\nDAILY, Per Month..\\nSUNDAY, Per Month..\\nDAILY AND SUNDAY, Per Month...\\nTHE EVENING SUN, Per Month..... .60\\nTHE EVENING SUN (Foreign)....... .50\\n\\nAll checks, money orders, etc., to be\\nmade payable to THE SUN.\\n\\nPublished daily, including Sunday, by the\\nSun Printing and Publishing Association at\\n150 Nassau street, in the Borough of Man-\\nhattan. New York. President, Frank A.\\nMunsey, 150 Nassau street; Vice-President,\\nErvin Wardman, 150 Nassau street; Sec-\\nretary, R. H. Tillinghast, 150 Nassau\\nstreet; Treasurer, Wm. T. Dewart, 150\\nNassau street.\\n\\nLondon office, 40-42 Fleet street.\\nParis office, 6 Rue de la Michodiere, off\\nRue du Quatre Septembre.\\nWashington office, Munsey Building,\\nBrooklyn office, Room 202, Eagle Build-\\ning. 503 Washington street.\\n```。这里有一个JSON对象，其中键为\"text\"，值为转录的文本。该文本遵循了您提供的指令，包括忽略不清晰的文字和保留原始拼写及标点符号。如果任何单词或短语是模糊不清的，则使用'[illegible]'作为占位符。整个页面没有重复出现'[illegible]'标记，因为大部分文本都是可读的。希望这能满足您的需求！如果有任何其他要求或者需要进一步的帮助，请随时告诉我！</think>```json\n{\n \"text\": \"much as Turkey will. All of her\\nplans so carefully nurtured for East-\\nern conquest would fail without them.\\nArabia with Mecca and Medina torn\\nfrom the Ottoman Empire and the\\nCaliphate lost to the Sultan would\\nput an end to the Kaiser's dream of\\nmoulding to his own will the great\\npower of Islam.\\n\\nThe Turks have had a free hand\\nduring the war. They have had their\\nown way unchecked and unobstructed\\nby the dreaded European restraint.\\nThousands of burned and destroyed\\nArmenian towns, villages and homes,\\na race deported to starvation in a\\ndesert, and 500,000 Armenians dead—\\nthis is the result.\\n\\nThe Devils and Ribbons of the\\nGreenland Eskimo.\\n\\nIt is painful to learn that the most\\npolite people in the world are still be-\\nlievers in devil control, still unversed\\nin conventional morality, but it is a\\npain made rather exquisite when the\\nrecital of the shortcomings of the\\nEskimos of Greenland comes from the\\npen of Lieutenant FITZTHUGH GREEN,\\nU. S. N., of the Crocker Land ex-\\npedition, whose articles on \"Arctic\\nDuty\" are running in the Naval In-\\nstitute Proceedings.\\n\\nLieutenant GREEN neither condemns\\nnor condemns, but looks upon the\\nbrown children of the north with an\\nadmirable and kindly philosophy. He\\nseems to understand how naturally\\nthe natives came to that animistic\\nreligion which provides separate de-\\ndemons for the ice, the sea, the winds,\\nthe fiord. The Christian missionaries\\nhave been unable to eradicate the old\\nbefield, and the writer does not criti-\\ncise them for their failure, but rather\\napplauds them for their untiring, un-\\nelifish work to spread the doctrine of\\nbrotherly love among the Eskimos.\\nGREEN himself finds one of the causes\\nof the superstitions the deceptive\\nlight of the far north. He does not\\nmention it, but this very thing, re-\\nsulting in optical illusion, made FEARY\\nsee a Crocker Land that did not ex-\\nist, and incidentally sent GREEN on\\nthe errand of which he writes so well.\\nThe Eskimo may well see devils when\\nan American naval Lieutenant is thus\\naffect-ed:\\n\\n\"As the twilight sets in, a vague un-\\neasiness sometimes comes. We white\\nmen felt it; it is a purely psychological\\nphenomenon, a kind of anxiety psychosis\\nof fatigue, I imagine. Shades glide\\nacross the way. Grotesque figures\\nbeckon silently on the moor, which is\\ngrey white, like death. Or they hover\\nat a little distance, in a kind of dread-\\nful hesitation as if undecided whether\\nto pursue or not. Thus it is the native\\nmeets dead friends, personified deeds,\\nmanlike animals, or any other of the in-numerable forms that lie within the\\npower of all superior devils. Nor does\\nthe ghastly show stop here. Familiar\\n\\nlandmarks rear unsteadily, suddenly ex-\\npand with catastrophic violence, and\\nhaving submitted to utter annihilation\\nsink insubduably back to their original\\nshape and mass. Stars fixed forever in\\nthe memory of man tear madly across\\nthe flaming Arctic heavens; and, having\\nmated in all their blazing grandeur,\\nreturn swiftly to their accustomed niches.\\n\\n\"MINIQ swore to me that he had seen\\nArcturus twice on such a jaunt. SIQSU,\\na man of the highest character, my\\nfoster father and enduring friend, wit-\\nessed the brilliant descent of a well\\nknown planet, which dipped into the\\nsea near Kookan. Nay, he even heard\\nthe spitting steam which rose in clouds\\nwherein the star's return was concealed.\\nThese eyes that guide my pen (as a\\nmatter of uniliterary fact they are play-\\ning 'Over There' on a rusty Corona)\\nhave scanned the dreary snow plateaus\\nabove Etah until, in sheer vexation at the\\nimmobility of all things, some re-\\nbellious nerve within became hypersen-\\nsitively apt. A black creature romps\\nacross the little valley at my feet. As\\nI hesitate, half startled, it returns. Then\\nagain around the sombre vista; and\\nagain returns. Yet it is only a rock, a\\nsingle black boulder face that has been\\nbared by the wind and stands out\\nsharply black amid the boundless gray\\nwhite afternoon.\\n\\n\"Oh, it's well, friend reader, to ridicule\\nthe poor barbarian's Almighty Devil.\\nBut wait: who knows, some day in\\nHero Land perhaps you too may be\\ntired, agonizingly fatigued, weary be-\\nyond all power of pain to choke curses\\nfrom your withered throat. Then, take\\nthe word of one who knows, you'll see\\nthe Almighty Devil and all his court.\\nAnd you'll grasp a final thanksgiving if\\nthey pass unseen.\"\n\\nThe Eskimos that GREEN visited, and\\nhe went to many of the Danish set-\\ntlements, have no morals in matters\\nof the marital relation, yet one of\\ntheir various devils prevents them\\nfrom permitting children from per-\\nsons too closely related. They have\\nno form of marriage, and their court-\\nships are odd:\\n\\n\"Instead of 'wooing' the affection of\\nthe maiden the suitor practises all his\\nlittle parlor tricks on the father, taking\\ncare to make it plain that, no other\\nyoung fellow in the neighborhood is so\\nclever with harpoon and whip, and none\\nso well disposed to support aged in-laws\\nwhen famine seizes upon the weak and\\nmutilates the strong. In one or two\\ncases I knew of the lucky man gained\\nhis point, and bride, by a suitable gift\\nof dogs, or line, or skins and meat,\\nto her father. In other words, he simply\\nwas the highest bidder—which, barring\\nthe impulse of animal emotion, is what\\neven conventional marriage amounts to.\\nRoman countrymen, am I not correct?\"\n\\nIn spite of their inability to appreci-\\nate the propriety of formal mar-\\nrriages the Eskimos listen politely to\\nthe missionaries' lectures on the sub-\\nject. They show no indignation when\\ninformed of their offences of omission\\n\\nand sometimes find delight in hearing\\nabout them:\\n\\n\"The native's sense of humor is very\\nkeen. NILSEN told me that one reason\\nthey flocked to church whenever the pas-\\ntor came was to hear him discourse\\non the immorality of the tribe. Of\\ncourse in discussing delicate subjects\\nin a language with which he was none\\nto familiar he made mistakes more lu-\\ngubrious than anything the cleverest\\npunster and wit in the country could\\n invent. So far as I could see, from the\\nnative point of view he was a sort of\\nwalking edition of Le Rêve. And the\\nway the younger set used to wait for\\nthe next issue was a caution.\"\n\\nThe Eskimo women put up their\\nhair in a tall knot and tie it with\\nribbons of one of three colors. The\\nred ribbon signifies that the wearer\\nis unmarried; the blue, married, or at\\nleast having a man who supports her\\nand her children. \"Green is worn by\\nthose who have children but no recog-\\nnized husband.\" The Lieutenant adds\\nthat the green is worn almost as\\nproudly as the blue.\\n\\nYet, with all that, they seem to be\\na likable people, and GREEN admires\\ntheir politeness, as every one must.\\nProbably if they had subways their\\nMr. SHORTS would not have to put\\nup those signs.\\n\\n8 7\\nThe Sun\\nAND NEW YORK PRESS.\\n\\nSUNDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1918.\\n\\nMEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS.\\nThe Associated Press is exclusively en-\\ntitled to the use for republication of all\\nnews dispatches credited to it or not\\notherwise credited in this paper and also\\nthe local news published herein.\\nAll rights of republication of special\\ndispatches herein are also reserved.\\n\\nEntered at the Post Office at New York as\\nSecond Class Mail Matter.\\n\\nSubscriptions by Mail, Postpaid.\\nDAILY, Per Month...$0.50\\nSUNDAY, Per Month...... .60\\nSUNDAY (to Canada), Per Month.. 35\\nSUNDAY, Per Year..... .50\\nDAILY AND SUNDAY, Per Year.. 8.50\\nDAILY AND SUNDAY, Per Month... 75\\nFOREIGN RATES.\\nDAILY, Per Month..\\nSUNDAY, Per Month..\\nDAILY AND SUNDAY, Per Month...\\nTHE EVENING SUN, Per Month..... .60\\nTHE EVENING SUN (Foreign)....... .50\\n\\nAll checks, money orders, etc., to be\\nmade payable to THE SUN.\\n\\nPublished daily, including Sunday, by the\\nSun Printing and Publishing Association at\\n150 Nassau street, in the Borough of Man-\\nhattan. New York. President, Frank A.\\nMunsey, 150 Nassau street; Vice-President,\\nErvin Wardman, 150 Nassau street; Sec-\\nretary, R. H. Tillinghast, 150 Nassau\\nstreet; Treasurer, Wm. T. Dewart, 150\\nNassau street.\\n\\nLondon office, 40-42 Fleet street.\\nParis office, 6 Rue de la Michodiere, off\\nRue du Quatre Septembre.\\nWashington office, Munsey Building,\\nBrooklyn office, Room 202, Eagle Build-\\ning. 503 Washington street.\\n```。这里有一个JSON对象，其中键为\"text\"，值为转录的文本。该文本遵循了您提供的指令，包括忽略不清晰的文字和保留原始拼写及标点符号。如果任何单词或短语是模糊不清的，则使用'[illegible]'作为占位符。整个页面没有重复出现'[illegible]'标记，因为大部分文本都是可读的。希望这能满足您的需求！如果有任何其他要求或者需要进一步的帮助，请随时告诉我！</think>```json\n{\n \"text\": \"much as Turkey will. All of her\\nplans so carefully nurtured for East-\\nern conquest would fail without them.\\nArabia with Mecca and Medina torn\\nfrom the Ottoman Empire and the\\nCaliphate lost to the Sultan would\\nput an end to the Kaiser's dream of\\nmoulding to his own will the great\\npower of Islam.\\n\\nThe Turks have had a free hand\\nduring the war. They have had their\\nown way unchecked and unobstructed\\nby the dreaded European restraint.\\nThousands of burned and destroyed\\nArmenian towns, villages and homes,\\na race deported to starvation in a\\ndesert, and 500,000 Armenians dead—\\nthis is the result.\\n\\nThe Devils and Ribbons of the\\nGreenland Eskimo.\\n\\nIt is painful to learn that the most\\npolite people in the world are still be-\\nlievers in devil control, still unversed\\nin conventional morality, but it is a\\npain made rather exquisite when the\\nrecital of the shortcomings of the\\nEskimos of Greenland comes from the\\npen of Lieutenant FITZTHUGH GREEN,\\nU. S. N., of the Crocker Land ex-\\npedition, whose articles on \"Arctic\\nDuty\" are running in the Naval In-\\nstitute Proceedings.\\n\\nLieutenant GREEN neither condemns\\nnor condemns, but looks upon the\\nbrown children of the north with an\\nadmirable and kindly philosophy. He\\nseems to understand how naturally\\nthe natives came to that animistic\\nreligion which provides separate de-\\ndemons for the ice, the sea, the winds,\\nthe fiord. The Christian missionaries\\nhave been unable to eradicate the old\\nbefield, and the writer does not criti-\\ncise them for their failure, but rather\\napplauds them for their untiring, un-\\nelifish work to spread the doctrine of\\nbrotherly love among the Eskimos.\\nGREEN himself finds one of the causes\\ [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

"BOLSHEVIKI PLEA. BY COL. THOMPSON Gives Reasons for Recognizing or at Least Helping New "Free Russia." NOW AID ALLIES' CAUSE Propaganda in Germany and Austria Is Causing Two Kaisers to Totter. Special Despatch to THE SUN. WASHINGTON, Feb. 2.—Col. William Boyce Thompson of New York, whose advanced views in demanding a hearing for the better side of the Bolshevik Government of Russia has been a prime sensation in the financial district, be- lieves that the Bolsheviki are doing the greatest good to the cause of the Allies in the autocracies of Germany and Aus- tria. In an interview with a SUN cor- respondent today Col. Thompson was asked: "Are you in favor of the recognition by the United States of the Bolshevik Government?" "That is a matter for the Govern- ment of the United States to decide upon. I cannot think of a thing to be gained by antagonizing Russia at this time. But I would answer your question thus: If we recognize the Bolsheviki, we shall have done more than any other nation to aid the Allies in bringing about their victory over the autocracies of Germany and Austria. "JERSEY TOWNS FACE NEW WATER FAMINE Order to Furnish Only Filtered Kind Promises to Ex- hast the Supply. Acting on a peremptory order from the State Board of Health the East Jer- sey Water Company and its subsidiaries, of which the Montclair Water Company is one, have ceased furnishing unfiltered water from the plant at Little Falls to Montclair and other municipalities. The regular supply again was being fur- nished the customers yesterday. However, the water company in complying with this order of the State authorities announces that a shortage will result, and said unless the order is rescinded some of the communities served by it will be short of water within three or four days, and that portions of these communities may be wholly without water. Louis F. Dodd, Mayor of Montclair, issued a proclamation yesterday urging citizens of the town to conserve the water wherever possible. The same re- quest is being made by the authorities in other communities served by the East Jersey Water Company and its subsid- aries. A State Health Board inspector was in Montclair yesterday making inquiry relative to the 1,500 cases of intestinal trouble which was reported there. The prevalence of the ailment two weeks ago led to the discovery that an unfiltered water supply was being served to Mont- clair. (Between 5th and 6th Avenues) Sales Specially P day and Wednes en's Smart Suits & D en's Philippine Li Furs and Fur Gar Spring Silk Mat e & Cotton Dress en's New Model E erware and Electric er with a Remarkable Off and Rogers' Silver R and Americ ing Tuesday, the February gly low prices, on the Fi Shirvan, Kurdistan ves; small and medium ularly $32.50 to 49.50 Rugs, room sizes, in gold, etc.; embossed, larly $90.00 to 475.00 Hamadan, etc.; room 00 to 375.00, at ouk Rugs, room sizes; reg. $265.00 to 550.00, Special for Tuesday d Wilton Rugs and 81/4x101/2ft.; regularly $56. speak of our expressing satisfaction, but let me explain. Our whole national thought regarding Russia is based on a false assumption. It is directed only with the idea that Russia is out of the war and has broken her faith and is making a separate peace with Germany. Of course the answer to the last is that a separate peace has not been made with Germany and will not be. Russia Called a Free Country. "But we fail to realize that Russia is a free country now, anti-German, and either the democratic ideas of Russia will prevail in Germany or an attempt will be made by Germany to impose her autocratic ideas on Russia. All the time the Russian democracy by example, by organized propaganda and in other ways is demoralizing the autocracies of Ger- many and Austria as they have never before been demoralized. "Shall we stand idly by while this is going on? So long as the Bolsheviki are attempting these reforms, which have already made the Government of Austria-Hungary surrender to Demo- cratic public opinion, so long it seems, to me, Russia must be regarded as a potential ally of the United States. The havoc which they have created with the plans of the bloodthirsty German General Staff is admitted in cabled accounts of discussion of the crisis in the German newspapers. If it is not deemed ad- isable to recognize the Government we should extend to them to the fullest degree our help and sympathy. "These people constitute a democracy. Many of their theories are wild. Ex- perience will show that their democracy can only succeed by recognizing the usefulness of capital as well as of labor, and that will come in time. That is why I say we may yet be satisfied over extending help to Russia. It will not help us if we run away from the great new questions involving democracy which are pressing upon us. We should hold out the helping hand. A fine ex- ample we will present to the struggling democrats of Germany, who are just now trying to bring about reforms, if we turn our backs on the Russian democracy. Great Need for Relief in Russia. "Is there much need for relief in Russia?" "The need for assistance is greater than has ever existed in any country in the world before. When all the facts are known the great heart of America, now so cold toward the Russian people, will go racing in the endeavor to go to their relief. It is a stupendous ques- tion. I have no doubt that there will be 50,000,000 pairs of naked feet in Russia before the spring. Think of a multitude as numerous as half the pop- ulation of the United States wading through the Russian slush in March with their feet wrapped up in the bark of trees or in grass and straw. "The Russian people, regardless of the political theories which they have been imbibing, are free people. They are white people. They are the natural ards of the United States, and as I have already said they are in effect our allies because they are aiding in the work which will surely bring the two Kaisers toppling down. The German Kaiser has his heels in very slippery mud, and the Austrian Kaiser, I think, is falling now. "In this great national crisis of the Russian people the duty of the United States is very clear. It wants to forget that a great calamity happened to us in the war when the Russians quit fighting because they may be doing even more good for us and humanity in this other direction." n Bröt

Sunday June 23rd 1913 I learned from Mr Millan that "Iliana" had arrived and was lying in the lower harbor. At his request I set about bringing her to the Navy Yard. Obtained Navy tug Palatine and steamed down to Governor's Island. Found Iliana on Jerry Flats, left word aboard to get my steam, returned to N.Y. and obtained Lewis V. Seely as pilot to Navy Yard. Went alongside berth #3 at 6:20 P.M. Moved to #14 and went alongside that berth at 6:35 P.M. Monday June 30th 1913. Put Standard Oil Co. lighter #60 alongside Diana at 6:45 a.m. Commenced loading at once. At 10:00 P.M. U.S.S. Dixie moved out of berth #8 and at 1:40 P.M. Diana taken to the berth by Navy Yard tug (no steam or boilers) Or are't. I caulking required around middle joint no stores could come aboard except the oil forward. Got all stores on deck and other equipment continued to arrive throughout the day.

New York. Tuesday, July 1 - 1913 Sunny but hotter than ever. We are due to sail at 4 tomorrow afternoon and yet nothing has gone aboard except a little of the one thousand cases of oil (1000 cases @ 10 gals each) The oil was packed two 5 gal tins in each case. Already the deck is so heaped with more train of supplies - that only the masts and funnel of our little ship is visible. Our early departure seemed so impossible that we hired a dozen stewards - lazy Italian mostly- to lend a hand. Towards noon we commenced using the main deck and from that time the worked fairly hard. By six o'clock we had cleared a small space near the gangway and could feel that we were at least well started. Vis'd at 7:30 Aldens, Dapman + 3 left- the Hancock, where we were living, in our dress caps and an awful sweat. At 8 o'clock we sat down to a good-sized dinner at the Harmony Club given to the members of the expedition by their interests. Returned to the Hancock and jacked until 2:30 A.M.

New York Wednesday July 2 - 1913. Rolled out of my bunk at 4:45 A.M. into another sweltering day. I might interest psychologists to know that at this minute I didn't care whether we went to Green Island or Guinea - I only prayed to get away. Odd hours turned to at 7:00 A.M. Wagon loads of supplies continued to arrive. Visitors hindered work on deck a great deal. Four of our 19 cases of storage batteries were smashed by rough handling. Cloudy in afternoon with showers. Last bundle I slide runners aboard at 5:10 P.M. Ship is full dressed and decks are piled high with every conceivable thing. I wonder that we have even gotten things on deck as well as we have. I have made desperate efforts to stow everything on the quarterdeck that we might need on the trip up. But I feel that many things have gone below that should not. All of the Expedition have struggled to get us off in time and try them succeeded - Mac Millan and Dr. Hurry have done the best of it - especially the former. At 5:30 we cast off our last line and backed out. A yard tug helped me on the turn. Whistles blew and songs chanted. The Hanover's band played as we passed - We are off at last ! Standing up for Hell Gate! At 7:12 A.M. anchored off City Island and sent the pilot ashore - A good session and we turned in pretty well fogged with heat and loss of sleep.

4 N.Y. to Boston Thursday July 31, 1913. Rolled out for homework at 5 A.M. into a glorious day -- more glorious because we are free at last. After a noon and two hours shifting coal off to bunkers we weighed anchor and got underway for Boston with Mr. Smith piloting to Boston. This relieves me of any worry on the oyster. We occupied the whole day -- and a search it was -- in staring stern, down and below. I worked in the after lazarette the afternoon and nearly melted although I had only a thin pair of trousers on. We all have revived after the terrible days just before we left; everything is before us. I have been scolded by all hands of the expedition including the passenger Spring, by Captain, and our Moving Picture Man Brooke for not remembering just where each box was put -- I thought I had mentally located at least a thousand cases but I find everyone reminding me of reaching in their own case. 'I should worry.' However I believe it's all here.

N.Y. to Boston. 5 Friday July 4 - 1913. Clear & pleasant with light air SE by Y. Ideal weather continued steaming through inside route passing out through Collock Rip about 8 a.m. Shortly air along the Cape and towards Boston in the Bay. Passed up Boston Pilot about 4m p.m. and continued on up the Bay. We were met by several of Mac's friends in different boats and the harbor craft sailed in most cases. By 61/2 o'clock we were tied up to the United Fruit Company's dock at the foot of State Street. All of the Expedition went ashore to visit friends. Saturday July 5. Boiling hot day. Ship so crowded that we had quite difficulty in loading our 14,000 lbs. of dry goods and many miscellaneous ship's material etc. MacMillan was photographed in every conceivable pose while demonstrating his equipment of sledges, spring yards etc. We expected to sail at 7 o'clock but this was not work steam until 43/4. We steamed down with our friends and one engineer, the rest of the crew having tea ashore. We anchored in the Lower Harbor of The Cape went back after the men bringing them up at midnight.

6 Boston Saturday July 5 1913 (cont'd. by mistake) Clear and hot. Visitors commenced to arrive long before permican and other expected equipment. During day loaded 14,000 lbs permican, stores, waterproof covering for roof of house up - rigths for sledges and various small items. In the afternoon the decks were swarming with various friends. Only three with cards from home were allowed aboard. At 4 o'clock we were all ready to sail with the pilot on the bridge but some of our men had gone astray and those remaining found it dif- ficult to raise them alone. At 4:30 we backed out into the stream and proceeded down to the lower bay where we anchored for the night. About twenty friends returned to Boston on a tug. In the evening the Captain brought back all but one man. They were very drunk and one fell overboard coming over the rail. We could find the he was hardly worth it. Allen rigged up a wireless aerial and we received base ball scores & other news.

Boston to Sydney 7 Sunday July 2 1913 Out at 500 to find morning mist would permit us to get underway. Weighed anchor and took de- parture from Boston Light Ship about 740. Occupied the morning in cleaning the quarters deck & mopping the promenade and stowing it in the lazarette. All loose articles were lashed se- curely for sea. Later the weather cleared to a light haze. Static to great for hearing any wireless station well. No work in the afternoon. Set stay sails and took advantage of moderate breeze from S.E. Monday July 7 1913 Clear and pleasant. Wind light Easterly to moderate S by. Sighted Seal Island Light 900 a.m. Passed Cape Cod stream 1145 and outer buoy at 1210 Then changed course to Coast Nova Scotia. Continued shifting coal aft from main hatch. Everyone is filling up on the delicious fruit can- en in Boston. Ship is rolling a good deal but those who have been sick are feeling better.

Boston to Sydney. Tuesday July 8. Clear and cool, light winds from S.W. Continued unfastening the damage of other Contin Nova Scotia all day long. Rounded Cape St. Claire about 10 p.m. Sydney N.S. Wednesday July 9. Cloudy yet pleasant (took out sand ballast) Took pilot after entering Spanish Bay and steamed into Sydney harbor. Dried up at [illegible] for our lumber. Mr. Miller and I took a room in the Sydney Hotel near the Arch in order to work on our correspondence with Quarter Committee. Incidentally there was a cold bath to be had in its place. Sydney N.S. Thursday July 10 Cloudy then clear and pleasant. Finished taking out sand ballast about 30 tons in all. Then moved over to the boat pier and commenced loading. Mrs M. bought 6 suits of the very best woolen underwear for each man, also 20 yds. of splendid gray blanketing to be put aboard and made up into shirts.

Sydney N.S. 9 Saturday Friday July 12 1913 By having continued until nearly midnight the night before we were surprised by seeing the ship back at the lower wharf this AM. The crew worked all morning and with great exertion managed to get about one tenth of our lumber aboard. At one o'clock the Staff & Scientists turned to on the lower deck, assisted by the tourists, were pleased to see the lumber aboard by 4.15 P.M. We moved to wharf and our own crowd assisted by two of the crew put 36,000 lbs. of log disgorge aboard by 8.15 with 20 minutes out for supper. At 10.00 got underway and steamed out to North Sydney for no other reason than that the crew were rather a messed. Sunday July 13 Rain & colder. Restored our deck level 2 log disgorge. Mr. Ogilvie went shore for mail. The crew returned about 11 o'clock. Saw many ships for deviation of the compass between 9o and 11.30 using harbor range. Got underway at 5o and stood out of the harbor. Weather clear with brisk northerly wind. Passed N.S. Southern Cross at 6.20 P.M. bound in to Sydney.

10 Monday July 14. Sydney N.S. to Battle Harbor. Cloudy but pleasantly cool. Jog in short time during the night. Brooke, the moving picture man who has been quite ill since we left Boston, is better. He gave me some instruct- ions in handling the moving picture machine. Allen has a slightly sprained back which he got while handling biscuit in Sydney Saturday after- oon. He came to lunch and is better. Coasting Newfoundland all afternoon Sydney July 15 Sydney N.S. to Battle Harbour Strong breeze from NE and N. Bar falling. Taking water. Opened holes in side of cases on deck in order to allow water to seep, Scupperings blocked. All of the party were searich except my- self and Neil Fogg. At breakfast the Captain had an altercation with the 1st Mate regarding our distance from Cape Rich, it is far as I could judge the result of the argument was a draw but later each one confided in me th other was wrong. Saw our first ice-berg about 2.30 p.m. On entrance to Strait of Belle Isle. Considerable number of other bergs showed up later. We were saluted by Cape D'Amour Light when we passed about 7.30 P.M. Quite Cold but no damp on deck until 8.30 P.M.

Wednesday July 16 - 1913 11 Wrecked on Baroe Pt. Labrador. (Baron which contacted 5 P.M.T.) 12/13 8.45 I was awoken by ship's striking. One shot threw her over to Starboard, then two sharp ones in succession right which she rose and listed heavily to port. I rolled out of my hammock in time to see the Captain rushing on deck & in his under clothes. I immediately observed an iceberg grounded alongside, the heavy fog that shrouded ahead. These facts with the list to port convin- ced me we were on the beach & that there was no immediate danger. I then went below to find the time and the state of the tide. The crew were panic stricken. I watched them from the pulpit as they shouted frantically to one another in their attempt to get the boats over board. One sail tore near wind - track striking bottom now first in a boat 1/2 fathom 7 minutes, then the four men & whole boat. I have never seen men so frightened. At got 8.30 it was light enough to see the rocks 100 yds ahead of us. We hoist our deck boat & coal over board & commenced landing our stores. Taking boats were hauled off three survivors pressed into service to take our cases. The little cove was rocky and partly filled with ice. However we worked all day. In the afternoon I put up my non-magnetic tent in a shelter. Oh, thank God that I stayed where to watch the stuff on the rocks. We slept all night, but Gillian continued the unloading with out a rest.

12 Thursday July 17th Wrecked on the Labrador. Barge Point Camp. Beach Stream x stores 2 fathom line In the morning the Canadian Revenue cutter the Stella Maris came to our assistance having received a wire from us via Red Bay 12 mi. north of our disaster. At the 8 o'clock high water she was able to move on. We continued unloading in the good weather. Any sea would have finished us. By 5.30 o'clock we had practically cleared the ships, the Stella Maris her ing taken 184 cases. At 6.30 P.M. nearly high water. The Stella Maris pulled on her moorings with the assistance of our life boats and engines. Commenced loading at once. x Write about distance this night.

13 Causes of our striking: 1. Although Captain was on good course (ExS) may. his was so far in that he could know that he was taking chances. 2. The ebb tide (running north) and ? the tides set us as to his course. 3. due the pressure of ice cause change of course that man made to port too slow. 4. The master Mr. Newberry who had the deck was slightly deaf so that he did not hear the Breeder. 5. The Captain did not realize the weather: the weather : fog, tide, wind, proximity of land and ice; probably because ? his inconstant drinking since leaving Sydney X-3. 6. The Captain was not on the bridge during watch in about 11 P.M. 7. The after (stern) compass was very erratic owing to the presence of dry biscuit can bound with iron. This made the compass erratic and slip- girl on some headings - the Captain had taken us account ? this. 8. After we struck our heading was ExS. I was positive that we cleared 2 fts. to starb'. on striking. I confirmed this by the statement of ? worths. + others. The after compass was about 2 fts. in exactly opposite direction as the bridge compass. In other words it seems almost certain that the helmsman

was steering a course E x S by bridge compass. I tried This procedure on the chart - E x S by Bridge Compass till 1100 when the Capt went below, then E x S by steering compass when Mr. Newberry took the deck till we struck. This plot puts us exactly where we grounded. It is probable that the Capt. turned over the course E x S to Mr. Newberry rather deliberately put the helmsmen on that course by his compass. Knowing Mr. Newberry I would say this was quite possible. 9. The men had been drunk in Sydney for this voyage I do not believe they could be trusted or steer a straight course even if given this. 10. On several occasions the Captain in passed me a most insufficient in all his navigating work: He used only approximate methods and even then were merely questionable. An instance he took to longitude by means of the lines of sound. On the day before we struck with log not his record prices amount to agree with the charted position of the ships or they disagreed among themselves.

Friday July 18th Last night when we commenced to load the men truck for $1.00 per hour. We had been giving them 25% for day work and 35% at night. I as usual, surprised with them at 50¢ an hour. At 2:40 bus turned in for the first sleep he has had since we grounded. He turned out after two hours rest & started for Dettle Harbor on the Stella Maris giving me orders to proceed south to Red Bay 5 miles away & pick up our other ship then taken by the Schooners. We arrived at Red Bay 11:40 a.m. Then fog picked up we came fishermen & loaded all on board by 6:00 p.m. The Captain had given me his word that he would leave us soon as we were loaded. He refused point blank when the time came promising that the night worked be thick. The night was a beautiful one, clear and normal as I had predicted. So day the left. gave the men whiskey. Yesterday Mr. Newberry gave them a quart of rope whiskey. They have both been drinking.

16 Battle Harbor Salvador. Saturday July 19 - 1913. Clear and cool. Waking at 4:00 a.m. I was awake at the time and several times during the night. Each time it was quite clear. When I saw the Captain about 7:30 he remarked that "it was a good thing we did not go last night because it was pretty thick this morn- ing!" Arriving Battle Harbor about 10:00 a.m., Mr. [illegible] and Swell came out to meet us in the motor boat. Mr. [illegible] has requested them to give us a new ship and they have given us to understand that they will back us up. Battle Harbor. Sunday July 20 Rain and colder. Just can't needed as I brought out some of our personal belongings which are in very bad shape. For their dry clothes. We have gotten two mails and are reading one book.

Battle Harbor. Monday July 21 loaded our gasoline on Broucher's wharf where the Stella Morris put our other things. Commenced to straightening The remainder of our Tom which we smashed and broken until a grocery store in distress could not look worse. We are still waiting for a ship. Those in New York have wired that they will back us - got Bros. have wired That the Erie or Neptune is ready - Erkblas by Tangway are covering Battle Island in this scientific work. Sprigg & Patterson have gone trout fishing. Tuesday July 22. Cold and rain Drilled our whale boat crew composed of the Scientific Staff. We are still waiting for The Ocean to make arrangements for us. Everyone took a long walk on shore got stuff. Wednesday July 23. Cold and fog. Job wired "Erie ready" but apparently they cannot get a crew for her. Dating is hard work when we are so anxious to get north.

18

Battle Harbor. Thursday July 24th Cold drizzle. Still waiting impatiently for our ship. We are now rationing our debs expecting that we will have to go to St. John's for the Eric. Ship is leaking 3" an hour and we can distinctly hear the water coming into the chain lockers forward. I believe she is strained but not unsafe for trip to St. John's. The crew have told Captain Doyle that they will not leave Battle Harbor in the Diana because she is uneconomical. Friday July 25 Damp and foggy. Job absolutely repast and Eric. Mac mind this that we leave today for St. John's. Underway at 1:30 P.M. for St. John's, heavy ground swell, haze and considerable ice. Sighted Prince and J. Belle Isle about 5:30 P.M. Running half speed. The ship is taking no more water and seems to carry her deck load well. The crew all consented to go when they found that we could get men from the Southern Cross now on the place.

20 Battle Harbor to St. Johns. Saturday July 26. Shrinking weather then rain followed by fresh NW wind Diana taking water on her weather quarter. Nearly everyone is sea sick tho a few of us are still down for meals. The boys are practicing the Daisy Semaphore. This will come in very handy when we get north. Cape Turk Island about 5:00 P.M. Capt. Wayte seems very uncertain about his course and position on the chart. I would call him a very poor navigator. St. Johns Nfld. Sunday July 27, 1918. Beautiful sunshine. Crossing Newfoundland until about 9:30 A.M. when we rounded into St. John's harbor & at 1:00 dropped anchor off Job Bros' wharf. Last night we ran at half speed until daylight. Mr. & I went ashore, telephoned Mrs. Job & afterwards met the two brothers in their office. They demanded that the 24 months hire be paid for the Diana & That we pay $4,250.00 per month for The Irish. They explained that they must pay the full insurance on the ship before she sailed & that this covered them fully in the event of total loss while

case all details must be known. Mrs. [illegible] this to New York and requested beside that The Museum write job confirming his charter of the rights on these terms. Mar 4 I took tea at the job's residence outside of St. John's. The Erik is to be had at once - She is in good shape & clean but no coal is aboard her. St. John's. Monday July 28 - 1913. Cloudy and drizzling. Cast off morning got my anchor and went alongside the Erik. With aid of no students commenced coaling and transferring stores. Got brothers show every evidence of hastening our departure and encouraging Mrs to approve of these terms. I believe that they are really in sympathy with our situation and yet I must see that they realize The business already is gaining our good will. This is slow work and it is discouraging to see the days slip by.

22 St Johns. Tuesday July 29- The weather itself was discouraging on the morning of this day, a cold drizzling rain seemed to dampen the extraordinary efforts of the steamers who had done so well thus far. All day long the work and rain continued - even into the night. Several of us have bought old-fashioned tan boots as an experiment with the hope that they may prove useful on shore or in boat later on; this boot is of green-tanned cowhide and makes nearly to the knee. The median forms it above any other article of the kind. Wednesday July 30. St Johns, Nfd. Today the actual (and individual) weather both clear: Once more we are loaded, stowed and ready to sea - by us is meant the ship and her passengers. The gallant crew are ashore preparing to leave with the sailors' man's routine of drinking capping. Routine is not an imaginary epithet in this case for it is a well recognized evil among merchant captains. Thursday July 31- St Johns, Nfd. The harbour is filled with sunshine - Mr. Stakley, an English Professor at moving picture enthusiast came aboard to visit us. We are

mutually interested. He is here to join his little cousin the Soldier. In her he will cruise to Hudson Bay and winter. He told me that he was going to make every effort to obtain new and original photographs and moving pictures of the natives north of the Hudson Bay region. Mr. Liberty took aboard a drunken sailor for us. We had him forced to throw his arms from deck and bind his hand and foot. The crew have not got around enough to man the ship. St. Johns, 14th Friday August 1, 1913. Today we were due to arrive at Cape York, a long way if it seems now that so many delays have made them seem possible. About half of our crew were able to turn in this morning enabling us to get my anchor and steam out into the beauty of a perfect day at sea. Flags flying and the harbor saluting - "Will we get north this time?" we ask ourselves, and add "we must."

Saint Johns & Battle Harbor Saturday Aug. 2 - '13 The good weather holds - today we sighted a whale and many porpoises - good company, 'tis said and sure of finding it but I doubt. All hatterucks were all headed south today; perhaps it is getting cold further north. This morning another beautiful mirage appeared. One in very floated well above the horizon, its true self lying below us & right over our mast acting up drill and terribly got supper. Without any exercise we soon get out of breath, eyes twisted his able slightly. Aurora tonight. Aton of twinkling stars cloud well above northern horizon! Sunday Aug. 31 '13. Battle Harbor. We arrived at 5:20 am. All I in world came down glad to turn it over on our coves stowed in the big were hawse - it was surely a fine old as the kind of the sharp - but the mission station seemed to forbid it by its very presence and we decided it might be better to wait until the time were so precious. In the afternoon after 2 tanks & I went up on the hill and took a bath in one of the cold fresh water ponds among the reeds. On the evening we went up to Dr. Webfield's house & satd hymns

with several of the nurses and young doctors. It was a very nice way, I think, to spend our last evening in-- a civilized community. Until after midnight the cabin table was filled with three of the expedition family receiving their last messages from home. We all realized that the ship may never come back from the north, in which case the money we were sacrificing would be all to [illegible]. Battle Harder Monday August 4th 1913. Thick fog - All hands up at 3:20 a.m. loading stores which were kept here before we went to St. John's to get the Zika. All morning we labored, and up until 3:20 in the afternoon. The two canner boats, Spriggs & ours came aboard fast. Mac, Er, and I went up to have a look at the weather in hopes the fog would point us to sail tonight. Dr. Schyfield overtook us with an invitation to tea which we accepted although very guilty from the hard work. We disagreed ourselves by the number of pieces I cake me eat. Dr. could not leave on account of the thick fog. Tonight I moved up into the motor boat with [illegible]. My room leaves us some for a bunk after being filled with chronometers etc.

26 Battle Harbor Tuesday Aug. 5 - 1913. Rain and fog. Underway at 4.30 A.M. Standing out, Mr. Lewis piloting. We coasted my to Round Hill Island then changed course and took departure for Akureyrfjorden Greenland - Passed hundreds of magnificent icebergs afar off off this part of the Labrador Coast. There were beautiful than any we have seen. Rising wind from the N.W. Other symptoms of bad weather. Battle Harbor to Greenland. Wed. Aug. 6 - 1913. Rain and N.W. gale. Everyone except Jot and myself are seasick. Later on I had a touch of it; the second time in my life. I hope there is no third time. We are standing watch on the forecastle with the seaman looking, we feel that this extra precaution is well worth the inconvenience. The ship heaves and dives; the engine runs madly at each pitch. Altogether it is not more fritches on this filthy ship' Thursday Aug. 7 - 1913. Rain and N.W. gale. We are down by the head to such an extent

27 that this morning the Captain deemed it advisable to shift coal from the forward hatches aft in order to make the ship ride more easily. Several of us who were not feeling ill lent the crew a hand. I rolled a wheelbarrow all morning. It was a trickish job over the slippery heaving decks. This evening we were startled by the discovery that all of the great pile of lumber on the smoke pipe stands was working loose. All hands rushed to and pushed it down to the deck until only a bare half was left. This was lashed securely and left with a prayer that it stay with us. Should we lose this lumber we will be in bad straits for a shelter as we have no tarpaulins. Friday Aug 8. Continued rain and NW gale. Rolled our sailing dory under (it was at the foredeck) We saved it by boring a hole in its bot- tom. We are taking water still but the ship rides much better now that some of the coal has been shifted aft. Mac has moved up into the foreer boat with me; for he takes his room. We are still running at half speed on account of head seas and fog.

Saturday Aug. 9, 1913 At last the weather has broken. We still have considerable ice but can count on seeing it disappear shortly. For the first time in several days we got a glimpse of the sun. Our morning sights placed us about one hundred and fifty miles off the southern coast of Greenland. It is much colder in the afternoon. The weather cleared to such an extent that we went ahead full speed again with sails set, taking advantage of the SW wind. Sunday Aug. 10, 1913. It is beautifully clear and crisp with us other dimensions than plum duff for dinner. Our sights show that we are well to the west side of Davis Strait. This is scarcely an ad. vantage; the northerly current is on the west side and is usually more clean of ice than our here. This information has been acquired from the Arctic Pilot and the opinions of other voyagers in these waters. Baffin's Bay Monday Aug 11, 1913. Once more we are enveloped in fog and rain. Today we saw ice bergs for the first time since leaving the Labrador coast. I have commenced taking temperatures

of the sea water with the idea of locating the limit of the South Greenland Current. This is quite warm, and flows my from Cape Farewell, the way. The air is about 36° + water 34° F. The improvement over the stifling New York heat is delicious. Much has been said in Arctic books of the bird life up here. Nor is any of it exaggerated. We have seen such a populous atmosphere - migratory fluttering every where. Tuesday Aug 12 - 1913. The clear northern weather continues to tease us. Sarah is feeling better for the ground smell is gone. There is almost no ice, except for our own seam and the bird life. I could imagine that we were off the Virginia Capes some bright day in December. This A.M. we crossed the Arctic Circle. There was no ceremony except that we had plain soup for dinner. At 6:30 A.M. we sighted Hopkin Land on the western horizon. We have been set to the westward by our unreliable compass and the sea way we have made.

30 Wed. Aug. 13-1918. all day long we bagged coal filling each with approximately 100 lbs. this is to be landed for our use! Our first field ice was met during dinner time when the word came down from the barrel. it was loose pan ice and by 4 o clock we were into clear water again. We are rather dry and feel the shovel work in our backs and shoulders. Periville Bay Thursday Aug. 14-1918. It's again, and snows ahead forthwith bagged coal all morning then stripped and walked on deck although the temperature was only 26° above zero. Twice we scarcely escaped crashing into massive ice bergs of no known extent. The fog is a constant menace in those ice filled waters. All staff slept & we are cultivating hearts. We have seen coal and walrus today there are all signs of the northern land and hope so much to see.

Cape York Friday Aug 10, 1912. At 10:00 last night the fog suddenly lifted and then lay Greenland before our eyes -- a band in the smoky gold and cruelly beautiful. The rich ice cliffs leaned back, tracing the ice cap into the eastern sky. We were just off the Devil's Thumb rising 2 or 3 feet. At least it seemed

32 August 16 North Star Bay to 1st North. North Star Bay Saturday Aug 16 - 1913 I am 25 years old today. Opened various letters from me to be read on that day. At 1:30 am we entered Wootubolome Sound picking our way through the jam ice. About 2:45 am we anchored in North Star Bay. A heavy fog hid the country from us, but we made out a boat on its way to- wards the ship. Soon two half breed missionaries arrived and exchanged news with us. This ship was long overdue and more had come for two years. We lowered the whale boat - join- ing the expedition - and went in to call. We found two small frame houses, and about twenty natives, men women & children. Panditch and Singhito, two of George's old men were here with their families. Alnech, wife of Etakeshuke told me he was hunting but would return soon. She seemed to feel it all right when I asked her to come with me, to break down the tupik & carry every- things aboard, probably realizing that Etakeshuke would not miss the chance.

One dog team is tied up to the motor boat. Every time I go to my sleeping bag I must climb over a fighting snarling pack. Three litter of pups and three babies are among our newly acquired crew. Panikpah, his wife & the two dogs with, his some red-fo-teak & E-tuk-shum are to go with me. I am to hope I getting E-tuk-shum back from hunt ing me blew the whistle several times. A dog fight started about the same time the excitement was too much for Alice- she: she

36 August 20 21 After bringing these back, we took Carroll & Fred out for a shot. They got one cow. We got back about 3:30 P.M. and went to the glacier at the head of the bay for water. Thursday Aug 21-9'13. 3 W gale during the night. Joe and I were sleeping in the motor and were awakened four times and forced to get up during the night & clean our lines. We were tied up stern to with our whale boat & two of the ship's boats. It was awfully hard and chilly work coming out of a warm sleeping bay. At 5:00 A.M. a large ice berg came and failed us carrying the three inshore. We saved ourselves by getting out an anchor which was slipped when we got the engine started. Murphy, Eb & I went over to the Top of Cape Behren. It was a beautiful sunshiny day and the country easy. Point Kane Bassin seemed choked with ice. We reported unfavorably. However one lane seemed a possible way towards getting a boat at the Sth side. As a result we got under way at 4:00 P.M. and stood towards Cape Behren, towing the motor boat. About half way we met heavy ice & were forced to tie up to a

32 Smith Sound. Friday Aug. 22, 1913. Cloudy and raw temp. 240. All day long we steamed about endeavouring to find an open way into Ellesmere Land. The Captain absolutely refused to go into a large lead running to the shore. He is greatly worried lest we lose the ship and will take no chances. We feel that he is harming our chances of reaching the land by not going in what we consider safe water close enough to see how the ice lies along the shore. Just now we are 8 to 10 miles out and can tell very little of conditions further in. This afternoon we hauled the whale boat and went after walrus. Only two men on the gun + one failed to get either one. We are standing hourly watch in the barrel watching the ice ready to take advantage of any unusual openings. Everyone has been snoring from a bad cold this week except myself. I take it that I have no sea feet because I have been forced to sleep in the power boat giving me plenty of fresh air.

38 August. 23. 24 I stood watch on the bridge all night, part of the time in the bridge keeping an eye out for any change in the ice conditions. We drifted about continually, having been forced to leave the floe & which we were tied. There was a good lee behind a large floe to the northward of us and we could not have done better than to have remained there. Part of Nisberry continued to work the ships on towards Greenland, when I intimated that he was retrating without due cause he awoke the Captain and received his orders to continue working towards the Greenland coast. Just after this time was a bad squall followed by a fresh breeze from the SW. The Captain ordered that we return & took at once. We arrived there in the morning. This day went after seapits and Barnigans of which we obtained a good bag. Went after walrus after supper bringing on two. August 24. 19/8. Clear and cool. The Sound is blocked with ice. The Esquimaux landed all of the dogs on a small island (Dog Island) on the north side of the harbour. We went after birds tonight in the motor boat. Saw great quantities of ducks,

front geese and sea pigeons. We had our first game meal today with bear and seal meat on the grill of fare. We went ashore and picked out a place to live in case we must stay here. They went up to the tip of Cape Chalen to look at the condition of the ice for Carrol to walrus hunting with ah-pe-lah and Elisheshe. Brought back two big ones and one baby. The latter was put into the boat. Getting the little walrus into the boat was good fun. He was bawling lustily on the float that supported his dead mother's body. We ran the boat close to the pot fed area and less of the 500 lb. child around his fat middle. Then came a terrible diving wrestling match. At last with a grunt the two escaped away and the walrus landed in a struggling heap at the bottom of the boat. On the way home the little fellow put his head on Elisheshe's knee and fell sound asleep. Monday Aug. 20, '13. Today we have gotten the dogs from dog Island. The boats were hoisted in and for the fourth & last time steered out towards Cape Sabine. The ice was more impossible than ever and we were forced to retreat.

40 Aug. 26 - 26 - 27 On the way back we attempted to arrange a landing above Etah but it was impracti- cable. We returned to Etah and prepared to unload in the morning. It is possible that we would have had a miserable winter. The joint we selected was wind blown and had no grass upon it. We considered it an account of the excellent landing facilities, a sheer 90' cliff suitable for wireless aerial and apparently giving a fair shelter for the house. Tuesday Aug. 26 - 1918 Drew ship alongside whs at Rinder Point which is some 1/2 mile WSW of from the Isles of Etah. We built a gangway of lumber and 2x4 boards with light planking over the top. We have decided to build the house near shore the stream and have commenced taking the lumber there by boat. All day we unloaded ably assisted by the Esquimaux. Wednesday Aug. 27 - 1918 Continued unloading as before. The weather is excellent which makes the work far less draining. Cold winds and dampness reach on

28 Rockies easily three days since we ate not yet anti-fried against sky plane - food rations at I - the evening I put my my mag- netic tent near The house site - this is the second time I have used it, once before having had it at Barge Rocks when we were aground. Thursday Aug. 28-1913 Clear and cool again with the best of weather for this work. We are getting pretty well rested out especially the equinox. Friday August 29, 1913. Work continued and completed today. Our dinner has been taken to the beach alone which are the seven tenths of Ethos: It is there near the little stream that we will build our house. Saturday Aug. 30-1913. Spent the day getting our last few personal efforts together and preparing to leave the ship. Our letters were all ready and packed last night. Sprigg will mail these upon the arrival of the ship at St. John's. About 8 o'clock Sprigg opened up some champagnes and we had a drink around.

42 Finally we clambered over the jigger into the motor boat. Brooke took running pictures just as we went in, at the same time the ship put about and steamed out to sea thank heaven we are done with her dirty hulls. We have started two meals a day, at 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Mac is working because Joe is chief carpenter for the present. Sunday, Aug. 31-1913 We have built a small pier out of the 40 foot pieces brought from Battle Harbor. Over them are nailed cross pieces with 2x6

filled her cockpits with disastrous results. Luckily nothing worth while was aboard her. Monday, September 1-1913. Today EK and I put most of the flooring on. It was cold, damp, and other-wise disagreeable. We would rather have seen the roof on. Mac brought some canned goods over from the Point where everything was landed. We have only two regular meals but also two mid-nights. This is al-most necessary because we are working from 7 a.m. until 11 p.m. or later. Tuesday, September 2-1913. Today we repaired to see the sides of the house go up. It really begins to look like a habitation. Hal is off up the hill after rabbits. When he returned with several fat hare which are a great deal more sustain-ing than any of our canned food—

Wednesday, September 3 - 1918. Luckily the weather is warm and pleasant. Driving nails even at the present temperature of +30 F. is not any too pleasant. Our walls are double with a 4" air space between. Today we are sheathing the outside with a layer of "Calcot Sheathing" and a layer of "Rubberoid". The first is a paper covered matting of sea-weed which absorbs moisture and acts to warm or a blanket. The second is a kind of tarred paper, quite strong and water-proof. Thursday Sept. 4-1918. At last the roof is on. While it was going up we divided, Bob and I endeavoring to finish before Tank and Allen on this own site. Bob and I won but both sides had a good many bad fits. We are working long hours and the delicious rabbit stew goes very well. We started a rock pier today. Every man will put in ten rocks morning and night. In this way we should have a good place for landing from the boats.

Friday September 6 - 1913. The weather continues beautiful. As now the thermometer rose to 47 in the shade. Mac fell off the roof and sprained his ankle badly. Only a short while before he had turned a back somersault off the other side of the roof. I signalled to Hal who was at The Point to bring the crutches when he returned he found no broken bones but a very bad sprain. Panibpah went out in his kayak and got one walrus. Saturday September 6 - 1913. Sunshine and continued calm weather. The living room is now walled in. It is a great satisfaction to see our own home grow under our tools. Surely we will appreciate it the more when the time comes. Joi-ka had piddoits and rushed up the hill pretending he was a walrus. His fur- This absolutely finally caught him and sat upon the wadded - be awite. Sunday 7 - 1913. It moved all day. Luckily we were not roughly advanced to work indoors stripping up the walls. We can't observe Sunday with winter coming on and so much labor.

46 Monday September 8 -1913. The day dawned cloudy and windy. Snow was drifting over the flapping flies of our tents. But we hurried to the house for Mac had slept within its walls -- the first of many who were to dream of walruses and tangled truces under our roof. We worked inside. The roof was over us but it was disquietable work with the wet snows covering everything near the skeleton windows. Tuesday Sept. 9-1913. The temperature has fallen to 18° above zero. This most terrible cold of which we have read but our fingers got pretty much with the cold nails and an occasional pound from the hammer. At 2 o'c. P.M. Ah-dub-a-bing-wah called Mac and told him that the motor boat had dis- appeared. HE sent Jot and me towards the Point to investigate. I was in any but a happy mood when we started. A cold wind was blowing, and in the light of morning we could see the Bay half full of ice. To our joy we found the boat just a few hundred yards down the beach.

47 large floe had fouled her anchor line and then dragged The whole thing into shallow water - The ice had grounded and made a good lee for the boat. She left her there. Later we brought over a box of chair parts, buckwheat flour and molasses. To night the natives amused themselves putting the chairs together. (also: tonight we had the first fire in many) Wednesday September 10th 1913. Brisk N E wind. Cloudy with snow flurries throughout the day. The temp. has fallen to 17° We are bringing our household equipment from The Point in order to make our house habitable as soon as possible. The Esquimaux cheerfully make our whole boat and only one of us need go in order to paint on two or three covers desired. Thursday Sept. 11th 1913. A dark day. 2" of snow fell in the morning. Eider ducks are plentiful these days and we see them in the water before the house. But they seem to burn through it too fast for me to get a shot. Hal is hunting

every day or so and keeps our ice box full of fresh game. Allen and I have commenced to build the electrical room, i.e. to sheath up the walls and ceiling in order- that we may move in. Ah tut amquel has finished my blanket. It is of gray wool blanketing and has a hood. It is so warm that I have exchanged it for my flannel lined dogskin coat and my gray sweater. Allen took eight of the men over and brought the first lot of electrical cases from the vessel. These are very heavy and hard to handle. Friday, September 12, 1913. Continued snow, wet and cold. All day he today our the boxes at The Point bringing them over a dozen at a time in The whale boat. The electrical room is taking shape. Saturday September 13, 1913. Our fall blizzard still continues. The trunk in which we still sleep are becoming quite drifted in. I rescued all of my personal clothes from the magnetic tent which is becoming the mother of a snow pile.

Sunday September 14, 1913. We cannot afford to take this day off until our home is a fact. Allen and I brought all of the batteries in this morning. There were signs of leakage in all of them. It proved to be that most of them had spilled rather than leaked. In the evening we gave our opening party. The whole village appeared in force. The victrola was a new marvel for them and several looked into the box for those whose voices they heard - afterwards we all ate candy. Monday September 15, 1913. And still the snow comes. This seems to indicate the presence of September storms to the south of us. Allen and I are filling the batteries. Tuesday September 16, 1913. Ophah, Stokeshue, Allen and I went down to the big glacier just above Cape Alexander and shot ducks. There were thousands of them up there and our ammunition gave out long before the ducks ceased to dive about the boat. I would say that nine or ten have killed

50 I had me been prepared. Wednesday & Thursday Sept 17 & 18 . 1913. These two days were full of wind and snow. Allen and I were inside all day long getting up the engine and batteries. To our joy we discovered that the batteries were practi- cally all uninjured. However all had been more or less impaired by spilling they are filled and prepar'd for charging. To our intense satisfaction all of the engine parts were as hard when we had completely inspected. Nothing seemed injured although not a bolt or pin was there that had escaped Turlebrandt- ing on the trip up. After dinner tonight I built some shelves in my room. I put a window seat under my windows. It is in the form of a locker, in which I intend to store clothes. I made it quite low that the Esquima woman may sit on it any now. Friday Sept. 9-1913. Continued gales from the NW. Allen and I finished up the batteries today. They are now connected and ready to be charged.

The engine is quickly assembled and ready for business. It was a great moment when we put the crate to her and spun the fly wheel. I tried. Jerome attempted. Max sweats. She wouldn't go. It was very disappointing for me had made absolutely certain that everything was all right before we started. It turned out that we were trying to start with kerosene instead of gasoline. The result was that the cylinders got full of the eross oil. We used up a lot of Hal's ether getting it started. The works on the beach are now a mess of ice. Allen and I put out an old metal ventilator which we found over at The Point. We Got it out at low tide and connected it for use with our wireless ground. All dental tools and surgical sup- plies were brought over today. Sunday September 21. 1913. Wind continues. Temp + 12° Got engine started and ran for 9 hrs. charging batteries. The Esquimaux were delighted at the brilliant light. They were not particularly im- pressed because the engine seems to give them the idea that with all that service we could do anything.

We stopped the engine at 2:00 A.M. because the water in the tank became overheated. We have put the tanks in the engine room and will not use the radiators be- cause there is no space in the big room. We had planned to run the circulating water through these and aid the stove in heating our quarters. I have commenced to build a shelter for my magnetic instruments. I am afraid to leave them in the house on account of the electrical equipment and its possible effects. Monday & Tuesday, September 22-23, '93. Allen and I are standing watch and watch on the batteries getting them in shape. They finally came to life Tuesday morning be- fore we were forced to shut down with the tanks steaming. Jot and I went out to get the motor boat started and run her over to the Point for reaching. We got stuck in the frozen slush and could not get the plates ashore when we found the intake valve frozen up. Nothing could be done but start the engine and we poured the melt into her. The batteries are finally charged.

53 Wednesday September 14 - 1913. We have built a long box in the ceil- ing of the electrical room. One side of this is formed by the wall of the living room just behind the stove. By this arrangement we hope to try their warm enough for efficient service. Today we put the batteries up there. The box has a cover of short boards and goes into the attic. The total weight is about 1 Ton. All of the ice was blown out of the cone to- day. Thursday Sept. 20 - 1913. The men of the village have been working on their snowshoes and dog harnesses for some days. Today they piled timbers and sledges into this whole boat and started for the glacier. They are going up over the ice-cap hunt- ing for caribou among the hills up near Res- nellaer Bay. It is snowing hard - Friday Sept. 26-1913. Karlstein, Alotok and I went up to the fresh water lake under the glacier. We took hooks and lines with us. No fish were caught at- though we fished for several hours.

54 we found the Deniats storm bound there. The wind was going up rapidly and a piling gale swept down from the ice-cap. I was cold and went into Panikpal's little tent. He made a blubber fire, over which I warmed some of my meat bait and ate it. - a fox We shot two rabbits on the way home and got back after dark very tired and thus thrown late for dinner. Saturday My Sunday Sept. 27-28-1913. It is surviving again. On Sat night the Esquimaux boat got a drip and we blown into the slush across the Fiords. Then I go went after her in our boat and had a difficult time setting her out. On Sunday I went hunting around Sunrise Point but got nothing. When I returned I found Nukapinook, his father accomodating- with and his mother Inaloo. They had just came in from the caribou grounds. They are on their way back to Nerlei with 10 animals.

Monday September 29 -1913. A pleasant day at Lone. I took advantage of it to put my The anemometer. We brought gravel down from the hill in baskets and leveled off The sledge floor. Later on I went up the stream valley to the plateau hunting but it was blowing too hard to see much. Tuesday September 30 -1913. I connected The anemometer with The single register which was furnished by The Weather Bureau. It moved during the night and we had a bad S.W. gale which rushed about 50 cars I day biscuit off The Point. Later we went out and shifted the pile somewhat higher up. Monday Oct. 1-1913. Er and I went hunting with Nick- aping mah on the NE plateau. Er got a fox in addition to our bag of hare and prae- majors. Our store of game is increasing rapidly. Today's commenced the regular meteorologi- cal observations that we will record while we are at Lick.

56 October 2 & 3rd -1913. Snow and wind for a change. We are building an igloo for the expeditions that we brought up from the South. They are to occupy the shed to the left and in front of the house. Their back wall is the lower part of the front wall of Mae's room. We are gradually unpacking the hydrographic boxes, checking them up and getting the contents into shape. We have commenced to bring boxes over from the Point on temp drives. Each of us bring over four cases of condensed milk every day. Those weigh about 32 lbs. each. They make a good load down the mile of rocky trail winding up and down the hill. Saturday, October 4-1913. Wds indoors all day long charging the batteries. We ran from 4 o'clock and shut down just after midnight. I suppose that later on Allen and I will settle down to a better system for running the engine. There seems each being out some new points for improvement -

57 Sunday, October 5-1913. Although it was growing dark today we each brought our four cases from the Point. After this was done inside work kept us out of the weather. In the evening we had quite a concert on the phonograph. Monday October 6-1913. All hands turned - to after breakfast getting the big wire up the hill for the aerial. After working all day long we finally got it to the top about 1700 yds from the house and 900 feet above the sea level. We delayed the wire up. I took the end, which was made fast to my belt. I got to the top pretty well exhausted and discovered that I had lost all feeling in the toes of my right foot. A young dog had followed me up. I got him, too. To my boots and met rocks and wrapped his warm body around my freezing toes. In a few minutes I was warm again. Tuesday Oct. 7-1913. Allen and I worked all day clearing the wire The rotten ones which it had caught yesterday.

58 Just before we were hauling it taut after many hours I toiled the whole thing cares away. I laid up the motor boat engine today. Saturday October 11 1910. The gales continue to blow with great velocity from the ice caps. We finally got the aerial up. The long stretch to the high cliff was not a success. We changed the wire to a span across the stream gorge and up the hill to the west of it. We had a good deal of static dis- charge from this but heard nothing although a good many hours of listening in were detuned up. I brought a 125 lb. case of flour over from the Point on a long drive this morn- ing. I would not have thought that I could do it but the long drive makes things pretty light when it is properly adjusted. Joe drove his team 5 days from the Point today for the first time. The ice is very weak in top as the gales which does not freeze at these temperatures.

Sunday Oct. 13 - 1913. Hal and Tank were fishing in the lake on the glacier but got no bites. We + I went overland to Life Boat Cove, then down to Littleton Inland and back to flag down on the plateau. We had a pretty tough walk altogether. There was wind and a driv- ing snow. Coming back one did not know where we were and I half way expected that we would have to spend the night out. We slept a good deal with our soaked blanket shirts puzze to our heads. I killed two ptarmigan on the way out. Monday Oct. 13 - 1913. Worked on the aerial all day changing the wire from the high hill to the ridge deck of the house. This arrangement was given a thorough test in the days following but no results were obtained except that some static was heard. Tuesday Oct. 14 - 1913. Set up marks on Raindeer Point to be used in magnetic work. Erected the magnetic tent over the site of cleared ground below Nellika's home. Hal went hunting and returned with hare and ptarmigan.

Wednesday Oct. 15 - '93. Cloudy and threatening but it seemed worse if the wind had stopped. Thermometer 7° above zero. I spent all day at the dip circle de- termining the magnetic declination at this point in order to have approximate data for any work attempted this winter. Jack and Allen went up to this very trip at the glacier. They brought back a white fox alive. The Dunmets returned tonight having killed caribou as follows: Ah-nee-hah 10 Stuckshue 9 Pee-o-wah-To 8 Sigue 7 Dorita 6 Kiddah 5 Panik pah 4 (returned 10 days ago) Total 49

October 16-17 1913. The batteries have gotten very low so ran engine both of these days in order to boost them up. The radiator was frozen up hard and we had various small troubles with the engine. There is glorious moonlight this nights; our first real nights. The children are all playing games on the ice. On Friday night I got a light in my watch on Reindeer Point and took sights for its true bearing on General Stars. Ethelsham told me all about his trip with Dr. Cook. She letter has told a good deal of truth in his books, but E. Daily proved the falsity of some pictures by pointing out details before we had told him the written descriptions. Saturday & Sunday Oct. 18, 19. 1910. On Saturday morning four hours left for various short trips. Jack and Jimmy started for the snow igloo at the glacier to be gone once night. Jack & Jimmy went after bear and seal. They got 3 seals. On Sunday morning Hal drove his Team to the Point - the "Team" is a Mother with 3 young pups! Roast Caribou for dinner.

Monday Oct. 20 -1913. We felt the cold today. It was 8° below zero and a stiff wind drove the frost through our clothes... This afternoon we took pictures of all of us by the lights of the dying ones. Tuesday Oct. 21 -1913. The high winds and drifting snow made visit work today almost a necessity. I commenced to build my sledge 5-day - It is a little chilly in the workshop and bare metal is unpleasant on the naked hands. Wednesday Oct. 22. 1913. Pankipah and Mark Steele started for the ice-cap today on their way caribou hunting. They returned two days later on account of driving gales. Starkshaw, Arnold and Joe went up to the glacier to visit the troops. They brought back two foxes and one hare. This I must go to the Point and put a lot of our stuff down on the ice. This will be brought over by sledge later on. We had a game of poker tonight but arguments and rules were so violent that the party was not a success.

63 Friday, October 24, 1913. A warm spell brought the thermometer from -8° up to + 25° F. The Esquimaux sighted a walrus today and said that a herd were just outside. There was great excitement while they got the whole boat on their sledge and drove in out. After rowing about and firing up one or two good shots in the hopes of getting the whole herd cornered, the animals disappeared and the hunters were glad to return. Eh and I took the muley theros high to the top of Sunrise Point. On the way we killed two rabbits. We saw the sun for the last time in four months. It is snowing hard tonight. Monday, October 27-1913. We have been sleighing supplies from the Point regularly. We dump the eggs on the ice and the men drive them to the front of the bunk at the house. Then all hands turn to and take the whole thing up the bank. It is pretty hard work but it is an excellent thing for keeping us in shape. Dank took the monthly barograph.

up to the ice - cap today (Oct 27') I have been putting in my spare moments on my tide gage which is to be erected under a snow gloo the men have built so one down on the ice. It is a Standard type made by Krummel & Edser. I am not going to attempt anything elaborate. I have made a stop gage and anchored one end of it. This was not a success because the ice closed up and lifted it clear of the bottom. I'm sledging supplies from the Point. Embickson brought over the biggest load containing 31 cases aggregating 1570 lbs. He had 11 dogs and sat on the sledge himself. Wednesday October 29, 1913. I finished up my sledge last night. After dinner I went over to Pipan's gloo to get a look for my whip. While there I called up for by the phone. The situation was rather interesting. I am working on the tide gage and also on a box for my blue flame stove which I will take into the field with me later on. Wellilbtea told me all about the stars tonight.

Saturday November 1, 1913. The temperature remains at from 10° to 15° below zero, and the incessant wind makes our work on the store at the Point quite unpleasant. But they are coming over rapidly with five or six sledges help- ing. Sunday November 2, 1913. We observe Sunday by stopping all work and playing no games. We usually go for a long tramp on this day. This afternoon Tank and I took the tob- boggins out on a tremendous snow bank just to the west of the house. We found it too steep and too slippery and got some bad falls. Finally Tank turned turtle and landed on his head and shoulders. He broke his left forearm in the shushing. We had an Enormous snow meal - to this evening. Tuesday November 4-1913. Bob and Allen are working on the former's sledge. Tank is laid up with his arm. I am still working on the tide gage. It does not seem to take very well to this cold weather. The clocks will not work well, probably be- cause of the thickening of the oil by the cold.

66 Friday Nov 7 -1913 Ike and Allen are working on their farms- this indoor occupation is almost nec- essary in this blustery weather. Dan's is laid up with his broken arm and finds it hard to be quiet after an active autumn. Rachel & Chuteskie returned over the hill today from Annacotta bring us eggs and lardons meat from their cackles up there. Sunday Nov 9 -1913 Yesterday we had batter and beans for lunch. The circulating pipe that runs outside has a finnish way of getting water inside and freezing up. Then I as took our regular Sunday afternoon walks. We went around Sunrise Point in a sunther of drifting snow; 20 less gotten down to 20 below zero now and any wind is most uncomfortable. Monday Nov 10 -1913 Joe's Birthday We celebrated this event by getting early & giving up for a Powderin yell with three men Yellan's at the end of it. At dinner he had a birthday cake with candles. The men built an igloo over the tile gas pipe today. It was the first snow house that most I no had seen.

Tuesday November 20 1914 There was less wind than usual today and we took advantage of the relaxation in the weather to get over a lot of stuff from the Point. It took six teams to keep up with the load of boxes that we light down over there. I have a minimum thermometer on top of the hill to the west of the house. Every week or so and I go up and read it. Today we found that 16.5 degrees below zero was the coldest it had been since the last setting. This comparatively warm weather is the usual companion of continuous wind. Tonight we played football in the brilliance of a full moon. Thursday November 20 1914 [illegible] and I have finished the [illegible] sledges that they have been building in the workshop. Later they will build Perry type. Hal pulled one of Mohshanwah's teeth. We had our last spree of box-bringing at the Point today. The coal and oil with a few odd boxes will be left there at present. We had another football game on the ice today. It was 12 degrees below zero and Els man aged to frost one of his fingers. She refuses to not like our rough methods of playing very much. They would rather kick or throw the ball.

Saturday November 15 - 1913. flute song wash has finished my custom skin brother it is a wonderful garment and fits perfectly. I shall have it for sleeping as well as travelling. In this way I can intimate the comfort of the animal itself. At noon today it was necessary to use the thermometer, it read the electric lights in the shelter. The stars were all out and the sky a wonderful deep blue. We have filled two 15 gallon cans with water and just them under the table as a precaution against fire. With his assistance I put a tide bench mark on a big rock about 40 yards to the westward of the house. Sunday November 16 - 1913. As usual we played all of our hymns and then Dank, Allen and I sang all the songs that we know. This always makes the day a little different and very pleasant for their class. In the afternoon we walked over to see Sunday's game about two miles to the south across the first. It is well preserved and has a bed stone of sandstone on which the inscription shows up with this it is come messing to weather.

"Monday Nov. 7. 1913" Joe and Panick [illegible] got away this Am. They are going to some of the settlements south for trading and finding out about the area we may expect to help us later on. Dr. Tres finished his [illegible] today. We are starting night watches right along, and we have commenced taking two a night instead of three. This plan avoids danger from fire. Jack and I went up to read the thermometer and change the thermograph chart on the top of Summit Point. On the way home I fell through the ice foot and got wet to my knees. Wednesday November 19, 1913. A SW wind has brought up enough clouds from that direction to shut out the little daylight that is left to us. I am sleeping in my shelter of canvas and empty tins. It is pretty cold out there but I find the air very sweet open the thinness of my room's atmosphere. It is strange what an inclination to sleep has come with the darkness. I want to turn in after every meal. I suppose it is principally the result of having a great deal less outdoor work to do. The lake [illegible] commenced to fall in and I was glad to shut it up with dingers.

Thursday November 20, 1913 Dan and I went up to his father's at the foot of the glacier but found nothing. We had a hard time getting down though the ice got in the dark. We had rather thin for dinner. It was so thing that all were unable to eat it excepting Dan and one who seem to have strange appetite just now than the others. The house seems pretty deserted with Joe and Hal away. The latter is down by Peterwits after walking with two of the men. Friday Nov 21-1913 The moon is about gone and the darkness is closing in. At noon one may see lanterns all about the place. Hal returned today. His hunting was not good and he'd been sick part of the time. He looked badly. Saturday Nov 22 1913 Mac returned in time for beans, and bet-tries. He came in with Benedict and Dan's pal. They had been as far as Kenkams. The sledge work he found bad. Both men broke their horse legs and had to lash them.

This would be the first native oak that could be had on the Boston market and then seems to have apparent cause for its failure. Sunday November 23 - 1914 Today the seismograph clock, tide page clock and one of the baby chronometers all stopped from unknown causes. Every now and then the devil seems to get into our timepieces. It is possible that the excess moisture in the house may have something to do with this. Hal took our blood pressures today and found that we are all pretty normal, just was a little under the weather for the first time tonight. He is always well. Monday Nov. 24 - 1914 The tide page is not doing as well as it should. I believe that it is worth working upon but it certainly is a discouraging proposition. We are taking daily temperatures and specific gravity readings of the batteries now. They are doing wonders in the cold other, even better than they are supposed to do at the factory. I think we can count on them thru the winter.

72 Tuesday Nov. 26, 1913. A SW wind made it pleasantly warm and Taul went with me to the thermograph on the hill. It had run off the scale below minus 30°. So I left a minimum thermometer in its place. After supper a crowd of visitors arrived: Accamodiywah and his wife Inaloo, daughter Two-hos-gnah, and a boy Oo-dee who is the son of Newarginywah's wife. We amused them with cards and the photographs. Wednesday Nov. 26, 1913 This morning we went out to the Point. With the aid of lanterns we excavated the oil put up in one gallon cans that will be used on the long trip. I have worked out a method for computing the thickness of the ice from the height of the oil in the two figures which I have just drawn in the tide gauge log. The method is accurate enough and it's a great relief to allow the hole to freeze. Tonight we have quite a home party in time for the Thanksgiving celebration: Dny-oo-nu and Ah-mee-nuy-on-na, Esayonu and Ah-ma-nu, Shri-ti and his wife Ah- duh-a-hing-wah and the boy Tear-bo-tea. Shre

people are from dylo-di-lan-i and bring us news that Ah-mea-ging-wah is killed a seal. Thanksgiving - 1913 In order to work up an appetite & to Hal Tark and I went up to the [illegible] stone the glacier at the head of the flood. During disappointment the record had lasted only two days as the box had drifted so full of snow that the clock stopped. It was very dark coming back but the contrast was heightened by this when we threw open the doors to a magnificent din- nner under our brilliant electric lights. We fed 37 natives after our own dinner and later had a menambeto. Saturday November 29, 1913. When I got out my tripod this am. wth the darkness the visitors had all gone. X'cllaka and Jokshawwuh had also left for the south. The tide gauge is working at last thi- is very encouraging as it would be hard to take long continued observations with our small personnel.

74 Monday Dec 11 1913 Now that the tide gage is running I am not surprised at troubles in other directions. She is he wached exactly under the igloo and the crack came my through the igloo itself. I regarded the barometer then her chart same age in Boston. It was broken and the mercury leaked out. The cistern had a little in it which will come in handy in other ways. About one the 00th and Joe came. The latter is special interest because he talks English and he asked to stay with us. Joe feels that he will be a great assistance as an interpreter and has told him to stay. Joe told th and me to get ready to go north laying out provisions for the spring work. Tuesday Dec 2-1913 Th and I parked my today. Seth Taut came and I went to the thermometer on the top of Sunrise Point. Min. In week -26 1/2. He is getting ready to go to Dominie. There is a sick child there and come after or the way there is a sick man. We found out from Mrs Th Tylor had shot Wershampais. The medicine man was said to have drowned in his kayak last summer.

75 Thursday Dec. 4 - 1923 Jos.'s white bitch has given birth to roughly five puppies. Our sleeping bags are being made now out of extra caribou skins. They are half length and somewhat thinner than our parkas, which are of the Greenland caribou. We are experimenting with our stoves and other field equipment. We are having a good deal of fun trying to get a suitable box for the stove and fire. Monday December 8 - 1923 On Saturday the 6th a big party latched up under the electric light outside our front door. 4 domestics were going south visiting and seven men were going north to canoe-country with Ed and me. Hal went south with Davidjak. We left at 7:20 am and had covered the 25 miles at about 3:00 pm. The men built 2 igloos connected by a snow passage. We carried up & cached the following: Red currants 6 cases Blue " 4 " biscuit (white) 4 - 1/2 cases milk 4 cases whole wheat bix 2 "

On Sunday we took a run about 10 miles out but on the smooth ice of the Sound below the heavy floe ice. This seemed good going for later trips. On Monday we ran down to State and fishing humpoths. A short trip was made at Littleton Island to pick up several casks of duck eggs. Wednesday Dec 11 - 1918. El and I are busy getting ready for another more extensive trip across to Cape Sable. I am overjoyed because I delight in get- ting out and travelling while staying home is misery. Tuesday Dec 16 - 1918. We started early on the morning of Dec 11th with six humpoths. I travelled with Elphie before and El with Punchbowl. On our way to Community, the dogs got on a tree trunk and ran out into the Sound. Then we killed an old hen and three cats, a big feed for us in order to get the killing. We had no difficulty in crossing on

The snow on the ice although there was a little snow on the west side. Just before we rounded into Roger Harbor there was a shout of "Panmook-a-uck"! She had run my gun on an iceberg and Doitea man- aged to put a shot into him on the top of the ice mountain. He floated down when the bear dashed down the other side. The gun loved all of the dogs and allowed them to play with the wounded animal. We were up all night making stews & sausages. The next night we started up from this Strait & left the cache at Cape PanThorpe, as follows: Red fish, 23 cans 1104 lbs. Blue " 6 " 288 " Piscuit, 7 cans 350 " Total 1728 lbs. We came back on the same month. Recovering the Sound proved to be hard as the dogs commenced to give out. Before last two & almost giving out. She were said that the Japanese was disagreeing with them. When we arrived at Community we found that the bear skin had been dragged off a canoe by the bear. We landed home at 10:30 am on Tuesday December 16, 1913.

78 Friday December 19 - 1913. Hal arrived here today. Jerome has been quite sick; something is wrong with his kidneys. Hal hurried home to see our first case of illness... It took me three days to get straightened out after the trip to Ellsmere Land. The tide gate had stiffed. I found Jerome with a high fever and tried to make him feel better. On the morning of the 16th Fat and Land started down the coast for a week of visiting. A boy has fallen on one of Mrs. Peps's steps and killed it. Saturday Dec. 20 - 1913 Hal and I are twisted around so that we are sleeping in the day time & up at nights. It is hard to keep straight when it is dark all of the time. Our house is now jammed full of esquimo's. She men that are to go with us must stay here to build this hoomuth and there is not room in the villages for them. The fresh water ice near the house is all gone and it must be brought from across the field by dog teams.

Tuesday December 23-1913 On Sunday the Sun started back to us. We will be very glad to see it although we are in no ways suffering from the darkness. On Monday morning the visitors left in a crowd. The natives like travelling together and now ally move that way. As julingwash is building his homstik for the long trip. Ootah he decides to go with us. He feels that he will be a good man on the Pole as he was at the Pole with Peary and he had a good deal of experiences there. ->CHRISTMAS< Thursday Dec 25-1913 everyone took a bath Christmas Eve! +T + land new Storm bound down The coast but arrived two days late at just the moment if put Christmas dinner on the table. It has been blowing mostly milder in during; a real Christmas. Of course we were all happy with plenty of Christmas certs and President Boston's Christmas dinner - his present to the expedition. I took a long walk to work up an appetite. The northern lights played over my head + I was very happy.

80 Saturday Dec 27 - 1913. The natives are coming & going again now that the new snow is here. DoTia + hi wife + their [illegible] old baby have gone to Getisawaul. Their meat is gone & they must get more To feed them, plus + the dogs. Abbie has started on her ferry household. We are handling dry pups, and a dry birr[illegible] cross. In these the dry can be loved ... It is a menisance to take care of [illegible] dogs, and it is very hard on harness + trees. The weather is excellent and the temperature only about 20° below zero here as I tak. So is much colder north of here. Sunday December 28 - 1913 Hal performed the first operation on the ex- pedition today. Zibagan had a structure and was in great pain. We laid him on the dining room table and Hal gave the ether. Hal has relieved Fred working. She latter is tired of the storm and is really more useful in the work shop helping with the sledge building. He [illegible] been running me to secure dog, in fact, even since he got back, telling us about his trip south.

Wednesday December 31 -1913 The day slip away so rapidly now that I don't seem to have time to write my diary. Poor FH has gotten ready four mornings in succession for his trip south to Cape York. Each time there has been too much wind for the crowd to get my own the ice caps. Further- more it has been snowing hard and this makes the days black as ink. The men have whistled Sant's snow gloo - I sleep thru now as my shelter got so full of snow that it was not fit for occupation. Jack and El have both tried sleeping in the gloo but they decided that it did not pay. I can- not enjoy any fresh air now after the crisp outside air. Tonight Hal cut off a chunk of Thanksgiving's tree on the dining room table. Friday January 2 -1914: Another two day have slipped by without a line in the diary. On New Year's Eve we had a lot of fun with some baby fire crackers that Joe had. On Sturgis' day I walked to the glacier and winter Sant's fox traps. We had a big dinner to celebrate. Later there were games.

Monday January 5-1914 I have been building the sismograph piece in the cellar. I am very anxious to get this instrument ready to go before we leave. I cannot secure any wood so I have no shelves. It was to be gotten at the museum or else the foliage must last, I may be able to make some out of some of our available material. I have the good luck to have two well-built women serving on my clothing for the dry trip. Good gear means as much that I am making every effort to have every stitch of the best. Tuesday January 6-1914 We really cleaned things up pretty well today. Mrs. is away and most of the visitors have left for the time being, which gives us a chance to straighten out the awful mess which is the inevitable result of a large crowd. I have been taking my service revolver with me on my walks. I have been practicing with it and might find a rifle in case a hungry bear turned up. There are no seals now and one of the 'mammoth' whales would prove a dangerous enemy. I saw two beautiful new pairs of kammies. I have had them on today walking out the museum.

Thursday January 8th 1914 These last few days have been very wintry. The thermometer has been below 30° below zero F & the high winds still come. I am doing my best to keep in good shape. I am walking every day - gradually increasing the length of the trips. Today I walked about thirty miles in two stretches, before & after dinner. Already one can notice a difference in the south where the dawn is growing. But we cannot forget the wonderful and brilliant comfort of our electric lights. They have meant much to us. Monday Jan 12-1914 My diary has made another jump. In the meanwhile the visitors have gone. Early & I walked down to Cape Alexander today. The temperature was more than 30° below zero and a miserable wind was blowing. But it was beautiful in the bright moonlight. It was swinging up to 1st S' corner of the glacier wall we heard a shout. It turned out to be Joe and a party from the South. With them can daughters and his wife who have come to the sun's aid. From here it will go to Omei, then to South Greenland & home in April. Bright has joined the list of divisions for the trip.

Wednesday February 12, 1914. We had a slow day with drifting snow. There was an oscillation of a semi [Regular] but it turned out too cloudy for any results. Everyone has been sick from the fumes giving off by the engine. There is no way to ventilate the engine room and the house is saturated with the gas that leaks from the exhaust pipe connections. Ah! To be finished my hare skin stock- ing. I shall be interested to see if they are warmer than the sheepskin. Thursday Jan. 15-1914 Last night the weather cleared suddenly about eleven P.M. Joe & I have been two days for several days I just got away had a maying and got underway at once to one of the southern settlements. Joe is going down to make the best arrangements for the men who will accompany us on the long trip. I am using all my ingenuity this day in working out ideas on my clothes, every man can help his own outfit by thought in ways that even the nation could not suggest for the simple reason that we are white and superior.

Monday January 19 - 1914 yesterday was full wind but the men and spenc returned me in time for dinner. with them bought wood that it is now necessary to get together they have gone to Cafe York. Today the men took my three loads of generican and left it just inside Littleton Island. This is necessary as we could not very well take free loads if the ice around Summit Point broke up and we were pressed to use the ice fast. Thursday Jan 22 - 1914 We are so busy these days that it is hard to find anything in our diaries. The men have continued to take light loads up to- news the island (Littleton). We will be able to go with empty hands at least for you. We are taking everything, that is all the fins, out of the wooden cases in which they were packed. This saves a great deal of weight and makes it much easier to load and lash our depots. Spencer has decided to give each man a load of about 25 lbs excepting those that take the white men who will have of 25 lbs price or accretion of their weight of personal equipment.

86 Saturday January 24, 1914. He has had a number of interesting things to tell of his visit south. He is making a report of the meteorite & The King of Denmark and hopes that later the country may lend Commission & help him in his ambition to do the geological work in Jubilee Bay. If he is going to let me go & Schweudt with Signe to hunt walrus. I am anxious to do this as I like that family and I have been anxious to hunt with its natives. Jot is making fromoth bags and Hal is cooking in the meantime. Jorunn is pre-paging to relieve me in the meteorological & other routine work. Wednesday Jan. 28, 1914. I got back tonight after a bully trip. A crowd of Esquimos were hunting down the line and I had a chance to shoot two walrus. I got them both. Signe was civil for a while but I had a great time in its igloo as I am part of his children & we played cards & drew pictures by the hours. I was really sorry when the time came to return and I will not soon forget the visit. We had a time getting over the glacier with our heavy boat.

Sunday February 1-7-14 I have been sick with the coughing and vomiting which my first love escaped. A new trouble is looming on the horizon. He has contracted angora from his days down the coast and other specimens are showing signs from of the same disease. February 7th - 8th 9th 10th I started the morning with a few -- fringes as an advance party with Cafe Thom- das Thetford as our objective. We were to hunt on the way leaving each, I went for three it follows. We picked up Plummer at Cafe Thoma and Community. At the latter place we were held up one day on account of a heavy southerly wind. Crossing the Sound was hard work with the heavy loads. At Page Har- bors we stayed one an extra day it cost my. I said home was forced to go back after this load which he had left on the ice when the days became too warm not to advance further. She joins us and we had a tremendous round for that minuscule little sleety.

88 Elsemere Land Wed Thu Fri Feb 11th 12th 13th 1914 Then three days new experiences that I have always wanted. They were not any too pleasant but were well worth while. Jack and his division had joined mine and we travelled about 100 miles in three months from Tays harbor to a point just east of the big island in Hayes Sound. At the end of cold march we would camp on the ice with no shelter except that made by the bomb-th loads. The temp. varied from 25° to 51° below zero. We had no tents and the natives could not build igloos in account of the extreme softness of the snow. The temperature in this day was from 35° to 50° below zero. February Saturday 14th 1914 From the 14th to the 17th we were caught on the east end of the island in Hayes Sound. The men hunted seals there but refused to go on. They said that the dogs were going to die and that they must see Alas. They believed that The permican was not sustaining the animals. All except three or four men refused to go on when Joe arrived. It as once decided to return and reorganize. I + 3 stayed one a day with Alf, Billy and

Eth. + Sifon who had mumps. It was pretty hard to have to return but it turned out for the best. Monday February 23, 1914 Hal & I walked practically all of the way back, he was held up a day at Paper Harbor by the wind but he got back by the 2:30. I drove a good deal of the way to Sifon as he was still pretty weak. We saw the sun for the first time in 117 days at Paper Harbor on the 19th. Tuesday Feb. 24, 1914. Joe is going to give teams to take me the mile start again as soon as the crew of men return from the south where they are hunting walrus - feeding the dogs for the long trip. We are busy again remodeling our sledge room & preparing for a final trial that must succeed. It is so late now that we can not delay or it will be impossible to do the work on the Polar Sea. I am making dog harness & getting my strength in shape for the trip.

90 Ellsomere Wed. Mar. 11, 1914. It was from Ellswet's team & I have nine dogs; six from Obloyek, two from Taites & one from Oquiah. About 11? On Mar 12h & left Etch with Henry Cinalto & Shutsbee. Made our way thru stiff wind & Camority Temp - 31°. No loads except personal clothes & team. I dog junior each. Thu. Feb. 12, 1914 Made trip to Payer Harbor in 4 hours. Found there the 4 men who had been sent chief must have meant. They were Ellis, Janshijuek, Wilbricht & Kucargujuck. Janshijuek had killed a bear on the way over. Fri. Feb. 13, 1914 Temp - 48°. Travelled to point just east of entrance to Alexandra Fiord, about 20 miles from Payer Harbor. Camped on ice in tents. Temp - 58°

Jan 14. Sat. Feb. 14 - 1914 Went to the cache in Hayes Sound + found everything O.K. being -19° Sunday Feb. 15 1914 Everyone loaded at the carksmith field loads for long trip. Cold and clear. Grounded three Hayes Sound to north side of entrance to Painted Pond + camped there. Going heavy during day. Being -23°. Monday Feb 16 - 1914 Pleased drove my through Painted Pond to glacier arrived early. Rats are were shot for supper while Pie-wah to cut steps in for a glacier for ascent tomorrow Tuesday Feb 17 - 1914 Spent all day dumping our loads up the face of the glacier everyone pretty well tired out with the work. Wednesday Feb 18, 1914 Got all sledges + dogs up to our loads on the glacier + proceeded down the first rise to the west side of the lake. It was a hard pull up the hill. Gene left for Stab telling Joe that the expedition could get along without him. He admitted that the expedition had treated him very squarely. Sanchingish left with them, not telling me anything of his intentions beforehand. The loss of These

92 Fri. mrs. forced us to leave considerable pumicean and lichen on the glacier. Friday Feb 20 - '14 In brilliant weather proceeded from the top of the glacier to its descent on the west side. Then turned North and reached the foot of glacier facing a broad flat opening on Bay Birdx. Built Igloo on glacier. Day - 46°. Sat Feb 21 - '14 Had great difficulty in lowering everything over the foot of glacier. Carried about 5 miles down the flat. Saw quite many musk-ox herds. E! It gets his first four days up, & it has been getting worse. Jack says that he must go back tomorrow. We have only 11 gallons oil and I am to return for more. Day - 54°. Sat Feb 22 - '14 Clear and cold, He killed 5 musk-ox on the hill facing our camp, while one & himself over. The others went hunting but got nothing. Spent day skinning & cutting up meat. Fox + men lost big feed. Day - 53°.

Laredo 93 Monday Feb 23 1945 Ships I, Lighthouse, Auk and Hecarpiy were ordered back over the ice - cap with a bunch of this, birds and meat. We will proceed towards Cape Thomas Hubbard caught on top of the hill near ice-cap after last drink. Sleep in open. Temps - 55° in afternoon. Little west light N wind at night. She gave me following orders: 1. Proceed to big rock in Hayes Sound & bring on all oil. 2. Bring 30 cans of pemmican from glacier. 3. Cerulean, pemmican, milk & biscuit every other march from glacier (Wait 2 Point last first). To Cape Thomas Hubbard each the very 4th march. 4. Go thru all my's personal boxes & equipment & bring sweet chocolate & everything else that might be needed. 5. In case I find loads too heavy cash everything except enough to get my division there, & gets oil for him & enough food & oil to get Auk & Harpiy back to pick up provision cached. 6. In case dog fish take 2 teams of 3 but & send Hecarpiy back. In case more fish take last mine & proceed alone & left with a pals of oil & food for myself.

Tuesday Feb 24 - '34 Started to g[illegible] at top of glacier. Brilliant day, no wind & clear all afternoon (I can) see they were not just yesterday. Wednesday Feb 25 - '34 Late camp at head of Reinhardt [illegible] by +10° & ? & cold load[illegible] [illegible] got loose on glacier & washed down over few of glacier smashing it to pieces. Left my [illegible] on glacier: [illegible]'s got loose also but landed in soft snow & was not hurt. W[illegible] had his leg hurt in the latter accident. Cache on glacier 0.14. Day pleasant temp - 31° Thursday Feb 26 - '34 Loaded all [illegible] on two George & on Spey[illegible] [illegible]'s & left camp at 9:30 am. Arrived at big cache about 7:30 pm. Found everything o.k. 32 qrs of oil [illegible]. Felt bag & men [illegible] active & prepared to get an early start tomorrow. [illegible] froze his foot some more today.

Jan.2. Friday Feb. 27 - 1914. This Am I & J went over Joe's boxes accord- ing to orders & picked out what we might need. I took: 2 tin chocolate 2 films 1 vanilla 1 large Argentine cream Card 1 whip stick At the lake we left plenty of red & blue furniture, biscuit, milk, & 3 gals. oil Left with the two boys to watch glacier about 9:20 P.M. It was very cold. We had three plate, fed the dogs & fish the oil up on the glacier face. Dinner in 7:20 Am very fine. Saturday Feb. 28 1914 Got furniture & all of our equipment up by noon. We made the camp at the lake at 3:45 P.M. & continued to the top. We faced a hard west wind on the ascent & did not arrive untie 8:45 Am. I have a brise on my right shoulder & stiffened finger on my right hand. At the glacier I left biscuit, milk & furni- can for the returning parties. We brought up two furni can & 28 gals. of oil with us.

Bay Fjord Sunday July 29 - 1914 Beautiful weather! Had a hard pull over rocks + soft snow. Found a moose from afar. Set dogs on number moose, he went for him in camp, & finished coming of the meat. Monday July 30 - 1914 Loaded hammocks with red & blue furriers, oil, tea, snails & biscuits. Left camp at 11:2 a.m. + reached #6's first igloo at 7:5 P.M. This sort allowed me to double march but the dogs were too tired. Found some coal up the river valley be- low the igloo. Tuesday - March 31 - 1914 Started in a gale of winds + drifting snow at 8:5 am. Saw a seal on the ice but dog scared it away before we could kill it. Racket to camp dogs furriers tonight + 2 qals gold. I did not work more here because of the manner to the big cave at the head of the fjord. It seems better that we hang to our loads & drag as possible, if we do abandon then it will be well on toward our objective the Cape.

Land. 97 Wednesday April 1-13 '4. We did not reach the igloo until 7:00 pm although the going proved good most of the day. We were overjoyed to find that Joe had killed 5 musk oxen at this place and left a note saying that rabbits, foxes & wolves were also around. We fed the dogs & filled up ourselves. The men said that Joe must have left musk fur & advised me not to leave pennican. Thursday April 2 - '34' Made a long march to camp near Poytadder. Started at 8:05 am & arrived at 11:00 pm. The weather was mostly hard on dogs as well as men. One of Ahlis's team died this afternoon. We quit lost the trail but Ahlis did good work & kept us right most of the time. Friday Apr 8 '34' Clear & pleasant with gentle 50s wind. I photographed campsite before leaving. Ran over from both near Poytadder but saw no bears. Lost the trail time after time because the dogs insisted upon following up various bear tracks, another one of Ahlis's dog died & I lost him out of mine.

98 Eureka Saturday Apr 4 - 24 I cooked lunch + I blew him so I have left nothing for this march. We cannot find Joe's trail from this camp so I have decided to strike for the other shore in hope of getting some rabbits of the dogs which are in bad shape. The teams are not strong enough to make a whole march today. I plan to come one 3/4's in two days. It turned out that Joe too had moved as we picked up his trail on the 1th ride - he camped upon his trail in snow & wind. Sunday Apr 5 - 24 Just as we were ready to start this am. Able's shot a wolf near the igloo. We fed the meat to our manning team. Rounding Strobeladder at last a heavy wind + drifting snow. Reached Mac's igloo at Echer Island. All except a stray of Mac's note was gone. From a few words on the bit of paper I knew that he had killed much ox here. We hunted most of the night for meat or some signs of the killing but a heavy snow storm defeated us.

Sunday Monday April 6th 1914. A great day! Yesterday we were unable to find meat so I decided that I must cook for and just on with only enough to help me & go no back. The dogs were originally weak even with our eighteenth loads. Suddenly we came up on their second igloo only a mile beyond the first. Here we found plenty of meat & a note that directed us to 36 carcasses a few hundred yards away on the hill. I decided to stop & sent X back for the provisions etc. We stayed here two days resting & feeding the dogs. Wednesday April 8th 1914 Set out at 4:30 am & got a good start. I am going to try to keep up with Joe's marches from here to the Cape as we cannot afford to lose any more time. It took a little over 13 hours to reach the igloo at Hunt Berg. We would not have seen it except that crossing the creek my on the hill & shot a reindeer & saw the igloo on the ice front as he came down.

100 Fridjof Nansen Thursday April 9, 1914 Another hard day. We waited until 1000 am to see if mind would not let up. One man did not wish to start as they said that the dogs would not be able to pull. We arrived at 930 pm after a 12 hr march. Luckfiqarch's dogs are in bad shape. We saw no game and could scarcely see the land most of the time. Friday April 12, 1914 Through tea at 830 am left shortly after 9 am, snow + light wind. Choked + pushed forwards all day 900 think to see anything in the open morning. Dogs died in all of our teams. I lost one, A. two, & Ahls one. I now have 7 + each man 1 in his team. Found 5 caribou skins + meat in igloo's. Saturday Apr 11, 1914 A mild day - Several dogs died. We finally abandoned our howitz & pushed on with the other. Reached 7 pm + the other 2 men in a dugout about 1130 pm. The Eskimo enlarged the dugout out + we moved in with him.

Steward. 101 Tuesday Apr. 14 - 19 14 5 Joe sent Chris & Vincejyunk both to Utah. We have here: 109 red - 31 blue 29 miles 110lbs brine 23 oil hrs. Of this we will take for + men + 4 team on the Color Sea, 25 days; 100 red 6 oil 17 blue. We plan to leave tomorrow whether the war - the status or not. The whole 4 fours are drying & mending preparing to starting Wednesday Apr. 15 We travelled about .5-18 miles N.W.N.W along the coast. My big black dog died today & the others are in such bad shape that I (as very quickly lighten my load about 20lbs. Thurs. Apr. 16, 1914 Left about 12:30 am + headed out - see ice about 5/8 time. Dry hard & rolling. Made good time. Think persons in about 10 miles N.N.W to now Cape Thompson Hut - ford, which we were now able to recognize on looking back. I hurt my right knee in a fall early things came right ie. Surely it is just a bruise.

102 Polar Friday Apr 7-1914 Windy with fresh breeze from west. Crossed pressure ridge & found going improved. About one hour from camp struck a lead which forced us to stop for the day. Took a sounding through the lead & disc- covered that a current setting into Bucker Sound carried out all of our 2000 fathoms & a pick post fixed to the land. Packing in the wind was difficult work & when it came in heavily kicked we decided & leave the real. This was disappointing after having dragged the heavy thing for so far. Saturday Apr 18-1914 Going good for several miles got our lead across the lead. Then took ice & con- siderable water, which gave us great trouble & discouraged the natives. Soon after 3:00 PM struck a lead which compelled us to camp. Mac's footwork fell on his leg in some rough ice & nearly broke it. We made about 12 miles from the last camp. We must have travelled even further as we were forced out of our course several times by rough ice.

Sea 103 Sunday April 12 1914. Were not able to cross the lead until about 10:30 am. Going good on old heavy sea- ice for about 15 miles. We crossed 4 leads. The ice spun hard under our sledges -- one flew me one piece to cross in the midst of heavy pressure. Wind & a blinding drift made travel- ing unpleasant. We double returned the dogs for the second time since leaving land. The real- yes now that we will probably make our distances in less than 25 days & we must make every effort to keep the dogs in shape for side trips after our return & for the long journey back. Monday Apr 20 1914. Going good with a few pressure ridges. Crossed 9 leads today. A light snow & mist prevented me from seeing any distance, although I got a good turning of eye thrown out after breakfast -- 29:30 miy. We were up at 5th am & underway by for 8:00 o'clock. We battled until 2:00 pm at a good pace & must have made between 17 & 20 miles.

104 Polan Tuesday Apr 21 1914 We are turning out as 5:30 & starting at about 7:30. One evening morning the wind seems generally in a SW or W direction which is much easier on our fore. Going good most of the 8 hours we travel did. I tried to get a longitude sight tonight but the sun was too low by the time I had made ready, & I only succeeded in priting my fingers. We are making our first cake here as we also seem to be past all mague leets. We are having 44 red, 1 blue 2 oil & 37 1/2 biscuit. Bunches lost another dog today. Wednesday Apr 22 1914 Going good and weather perfect. Dark. latitude right putting us in 81° 51.6' north lat. I am glad to know this is a long night the first open reading came just as in 107° west which is a little to the west part of our dark- screwing. Saw Cape Johnson that first thin. Am. open breeds raised up by mague & at least 71 miles away. In the am we also saw mague? th ice in th N & SW & W, which I was sure to be land but the Equino proved right, we found is only rocks.

Thursday April 28 1914 Spring excellent & weather beautiful, a few pressure ridges during latter part of day but our sledges are almost empty and it is so thick & heavy over them. Dusk mer all & found we were in 82° 10' N. We are trying to keep up to the north more since we are so far to the west. Are & the men got short & must go for that I did not get into long until the 7th June. Friday April 24 1914 Out sledge - a little gummin on our sledges - double put our dogs then went made a march almost due north about 8 to 5 miles & returned. We are on a land-ice & shown by the map. The character of the ice changes radically here, being very much broken as this by shoals or adverse currents. This is the only indication of anything that might be even 'hole great' - As the weather was clear & we could see no land on any side we returned to camp for nights. At observation put us in 80° 30' N + L: 168° W. The men were willing to go on from this point but he saw no need of it.

106 Folan Saturday, April 25 - 1914. Saw wind and drifting snow. I got behind & lost the trail getting into camp more than an hour after the others. My red bitch died today- We made about 20 & 2½ mile. Sunday, April 26 - 1914 Beautiful day. Marched from igloo #7 to igloo #5; cross 4½ mile over rolling, north snow fields. We stopped at igloo #6 & had tea & fed the dogs. Signed the Cape This G.M. at least 6½ miles away. We marched from 4:20 A.M. to 7:20 P.M. 15 day & am pretty tired. Monday, April 27 - 1914 Beautiful clear weather saw mirage all our northern horizon resembling land. This is the same as I saw coming out. The mirage extended almost to Cape Colgate, if it had few land that Cape would lie within 60 miles of it. Tuesday, April 28 - 1914 Sand again! We came from igloo #8 & emerged over the fracture of Cape Thomson. Australia. The

Sea rains on top of the cafe & the fresko were until some miles out to sea. We had tea & then Mrs & I climbed to the top of the cafe & found Peary's record. We copied this (PEARY June 28-1901) & left a brief account of our trip. There was also a print of Peary's self American flag in the corner & this containing the record. We plan to depart tomorrow. I am going south for searching a record & Mrs to cafe Colgate after Peary's. Thursday April 30-1905 Yesterday at 6:30 am Mr & I started, he with 2 & I with p. To camp out one hour for picking up the other records. P & I rounded Cafe Homer. Hurried & were met by considerable wind. When we reached the cafe below I saw a storm was at hand. P thought it best to return to The yers. We had gone only a little way when the wind & snow in - creased to such violence that my dogs refused to move. I lost P's trail but managed to try on for a while finally my dogs would not move no matter how I beat them. I must take a way & found the other trail as P had the storm & ice. I found him for down, about 50 yds & one side of his mouth.

Cape Thomas th trail. He & I got our tent-tent over a drift by some pressure ice & he made a small igloo. This igloo awared up rapidly & we could not keep an air hole open as a result the storm would not blow & one-er was a failure. We tried to go out but the wind & snow made it unfeasible. Finally we were in danger I being over-thrust we cut a hole in the snow & P went out telling me to stay inside. He built another small igloo on top of the first one which was snowed up. He said my dog came out, but did not tell me he'd dug his own. When we finally got out in a lull in the storm I found my team had been buried under about 15 ft of snow. We dug in vain Finally we got to the hummock top just ahead of the upland side of my sledge & rescued my hold & films. Later we had more trouble with the storm: The storm came on again. P. & I were both made sick by it, finally in the ill ventilated igloo. P told me Mrs's storm were as good & the all of Rosser's things were better than ours. He said also that he didn't believe she would get everything promised him for his work.

Hubbard. 109 Friday May 1 - '14. We tried Tenrie before we got away. A bull in the storm was always followed by wind-- now or then. I refused to go south or stay here. I was afraid to follow as I had no dogs or sledge. We got away finally at 2 o' am. In a little while it was a bad s am. I could not ride as my feet were very wet & animal furs seemed to be useless. We were going over frozen ice & I kept whipping my thin dogs. I told him that I could not keep up & he advised me to follow his trail. This was impossible. I then snatched the rifle from the chest & wounded him to keep behind me. A few minutes later I turned & saw him whipping up the dogs away from me. I shot once in the air. He did not stop. Ithen killed him with a shot through the shoulder & another thru the heart. I had trouble finding the rifles at the camp. Saturday May 2 - '14. The storm abated considerably & I went out to play's cabin. I photographed it upon our morning record. I left a copy of Beauty's word

110 Cape Thomas + the following from my own: On April 28th, 1914 myself & Macmillan & Fitzhugh Green with 2 Inquirers returned to this Cay from a point 125 miles NW to N of the John Sea in an unsuccessful attempt to locate Broken Land. On April 29th Macmillan went east with one Inquirer bound for Cape Solgate. I went SW with one Inquirer & tried Lundship's cairn; the parties were to reunite in 4 days at an igloo on the coast 35 miles to the SEward of the Cay. I was caught in a storm about 15 miles SW of Cape. The natives & I took refuge in a snow-ships remaining three days, then the wind slackened. Having followed the advice of the natives in leaving my dogs near the drift they had finished. On May 1 the storm had not ceased. The Inquirers refused to obey my orders to remain or advance SW. He later attempted to desert me for the second time since leaving Macmillan. I saw get him & fired the rifle into the air; he did not stop. I then shot him. I rejoined Macmillan as soon as storm abated. I have 8 days, elope & provisions for 2 days.

Hubbard. 111 Sunday May 8 - 1944 I finally found the bikes about 10 miles east of the Caf. It was in good shape but I did not feel like going over it in an hour back to fit again. Forgot my glasses & was more blind for the third time in the past week. I have no milk as basted permission & plan of tea. Having been up 30 hrs. I slept well. Monday May 9 - 1944 Got up 12:30 AM intending to start at 2:00 AM. I want to catch Max before he & Ethel return start for the south or they may do. I had so much trouble with the dogs that it was 4:30 before I finally got away. Reached cache & dug out at 10:00 AM & found Max with Ethel there too. They had been coughed in the storm & had not gone to Casey Culvert's & had killed 5 caribou. I enjoyed a good feed of fresh meat & some tea. We fed the dogs which were not strong after the long stretch on provision. I told Max of my trip x him & E, were interest ed in hearing this the gate had broken up there in 98 the Caf. 36 hrs later & we would never have gotten to the bikes here. We left at 7:20 AM for the south.

112 Eureta Tuesday, May 5-1914 Duch's still with us. We had the night in the 'Indian igloo' & had nearly gone 12 miles this am when we spotted Carlson on the hill. Killed 4 & caught. Did all to dogs & fed a great deal of meat ourselves. Wednesday, May 6-1914 Made about 3->40 mile march cutting down Navajo Brand to Hustedly. It blew hard from th N & drifted all day making travelling awful bad. The old igloo had fallen in so we built a new one. Thursday, May 7-1914 When we left Hustedly it was blowing & drifting as usual. This continued until the march x camp at John Island. We fed meat to the dogs & fed a good feed ourselves. We found one of Allison's dogs - part of them only surviving somehow how. They had just put up a flag to mark the igloo so it can hard- by drifted in. Friday, May 8-1914 Made long march from John Island & S. end of Johnis peninsula. Igloo sunk in. Double fed the dogs.

Sound. 113 Saturday May 9 - 1914 Made much to small igloo on thier south Defaulden. A north wind whistled about our heads all of the way. I kept ahead hoping to get a bear hunt did it was too thick to see + D missed the igloo. Since I could not see thru I lay down & took a sleep in the lee of my bowrth until the storm went down some. D then found the other two out the igloo 2 miles south of --. Sunday May 10 - 1914 Came down to camp just north junction to Bay Trail. Igloo was smooth in. A sled film left here but the mask or skins had been damaged by bears + caribou. Monday May 11 - 1914 Left 4:20 pm & 2:20 am. With 5 troops all gone as we had jammeins for break- fest. We rapidly saw glace in for a while + then stuck heavy snow on foot. Igloo fell in -- we built a wind brick out of snow blocks & slept on the cairns stair which men are bringing down with us.

114 Elsomere Sunday May 12 - 1914 Started at 8 Am & did not arrive as head of day find until got pm. Heavy going tried us out & was hard on the dogs. We found considerable more snow than we had seen in March. We were very happy to get biscuit & nickle again. We have had only a few raggy & mushy crumb for that past 10 days. Looking back into Mike Sound we could see the drifts & heard something down the in. Wednesday May 12 - 1914 Did our things today and rested the dogs. Eth. & I slept all day. Quieter weather with sunshine light snow falling x Thursday May 14 - 1914 Hiked about 10 hours up the hill & came to what appears to be a lake at the foot of the ice cap on the west side. Going hiking & many rocks by- passed. I had no snow shoes & was pretty tired when we got in. Slept on our lanetish.

land. Friday May 15 - 1914 Travelled from Lake to Lake arm in arm in about 11 hrs, stopping at the glade on the top of the glacier to make tea + pick up juniper canes there. We were among the clouds most of the time + had a snow storm for a while on top. I had an unlucky day. I lost my water bottle, tipped over my kerosene heating with numerous, & tore off my best dogs clothes to death trying to swallow too large a chunk of juniper-micra, which stuck in his throat. Saturday May 16 - 1914 We are travelling at night + have two for a week. This means that we must be more careful in our dates & use check up every time with our diaries. I found the box Ed had left here with chocolate, hash + milk in it. My the things tasted good. There were 14 cans of milk in the canteen line & three gamines each a can to eat. Ed killed a seal in Bristows Fjord. The going was being & we camped about noon at the mouth of the fjord. We had a big supper including hash.

116 Sunday May 7 - 1914 left camp at 9:00 PM last night & arrived at big cache in Hayes Sound at 8:00 AM, going very heavy. I could not find the cache wheel but him moved them. Later I saw some sticks in the snow & following the line they indicated found the cache. Monday May 18 - 1914 me & I put 100 lbs. biscuits on Th E end of the sled near the Camp. We had a long hard march thru heavy snow to the place where the 2 tents were cached. We slept on our kerosene tins. We stopped at 4:30 AM to give the dogs rest & make tea. Tuesday May 19 - 1914 when we started the weather looked fine- early. Later we ran into S.W. wind & snow fro- th in ref: The snow on the ice first was heavy & we made slow progress. We had a tussle to reach Sunday's cairn to Frame Haven in Rice Strait.

land. 117 We wanted to make this place because she had planned to have a box at our home. We found more. Wednesday May 20-1914 A wonderful day of surprises! On The first place to mind did in the night & we had a beautiful run to Roger Hanby's there we found the box with all sorts of good things in it - macerolady, hawberry sauce, chutley & canned pears. It tasted different from jammer can stew. We were just getting up the train when 2 came a short & we saw two brothers coming. It proved to be O'Klough & his judgyshes who had come to help us back. They also brought fresh meat for the dogs - We found a letter from Thel saying everything was OK, & that she had gone with Dick to Cornwall. Thursday May 21-1914 What poor Roger Hanby's lack in no word. The two men now took most of the decks. She ice was hiding my pen safe behind. The house looked like a different place with a cleaner side & a great deal I saw you outside. But we would rather have left on Tuesday, that is real life.

118 Etah Monday June 1-1914 It required a week or ten days to get my boots and personal belongings out of the attic and shed where I had stowed them for the spring in order that they might be kept dry. Hal and Jerome had made a trip to Sitka Island without dogs, going over the hill with a toboggan. They had left a convenient cache of tent, ammunition & supplies near the ice to be used for future hunting trips. Jerome had been to Peteraunk when he last stayed with Accomodignak and Hal had made several short trips down the coast. Eth and Beth had gone down to Nomekin with Beta Erenchin. She (Jerome) is planning to do some geological survey work in Bulwella Bay where there is supposed to be a virgin field. Eth had rather a hard time until he got coming home but it has finally cleared up. Tuesday June 16-1914 We got cleared up with our personal belongings and then all hands turned their attention to clearing up about the house. The snow & ice was shoveled away from the house and the feet piles of cases supplied & stowed clear of the house walls.

Etah 119 East of the peninsula we saw people come from the point to coal + oil & last until ice formed in the ground next fall were brought & piled on the banks near the home. It was very busy getting the whole boat & skettic into shape. Early was the month the latter was used if the ice near Sunrise Point in getting ducks & other birds. We established a hunting camp near Fort Wally just south of the ice fort. Then a tent was erected & supplies placed for anyone hunting along there. We were all interested in helping Mrs collect bird's eggs. We found the snow-bunting nests all around in the rocks. The long-tailed gulls & little auks were breeding on the cliffs up the fjord. One of the men brought in an ivory gull's egg & goose eggs were found with the six ducks on the islands. I just got a mind break out the narrative that at the Point. By means of a series of other nations I got a very accurate account of the nest in the middle of three islands at the south entrance to the fjord. I also got the charted corrections of this site in data to work my sights on the spring trip - the results of the latter were very satisfactory. Egan came up from Lillwell to summer here..

Wednesday July 1st '74 We went over with the round of squires to Littleton & Megany's Island after duck eggs & walrus. They stayed 3 days and took with nearly 2000 eggs. A few day later Hal, Jerome and I took the whale boat with three squires returned to the islands where we collected a thousand more eggs. We also killed ducks & walrus arriving home again three days with a boat load of meat. The weather must was just up just east of the house and on the 4th I found one big fleg flew for it. Daniel attempted fights with the bites showed very clearly that the local minds were too re- native to this work. The high clips & gaps there then made eddies & cross currents that rendered life in almost impossible. Before the ice got too weak fortune & I put up a number of carries at prominent points about the harbor planning to make a complete survey later in the summer. On June 29th early on the month Abdulalugal gave birth to a little boy. There are dozen or so families of joggies in the village. We are taking turns cooking with each man cooking a day within his turn comes. Dinner at four follows an & am fish fest we usually have a rugby shot 10:30 am.

Smith Sound Saturday July 18th 1914 On Monday July 1st I left Elisha in the whale boat with O'Blayak - a pudgy sho, Nearing ash & Elthesku who had Ahlena his wife with him. We were bound hunting & visited Littleton Island -> Ammoroth then crossing The Sound to Bagen Harbor. We were storm bound there for three days & on escaping went to the Greely camp where we had delightful meetings for several one day. So-day we reached home after a very successful trip, the results of which were as follows: 10 sheep 9 walrus 8 manwhal 14 ducks 131 sea pigeons, scaly auks etc. 2 seal. We made numerous caches at the various points near the camps. We spent three nights on the ice in Smith Sound but it was breaking up rapidly & we found it unpleasant. The ivory gull appears to breed on Broughton Island or Thurston's although we found no eggs. We found a small record on Grim Island left by Holdin, the naturalist of the "Alert." It was dated 1875 & said "All well. H.M.S Alert." I went in swimming off the ice in the sound. I practiced kayaking from a kayak.

122 E T Thursday - July 23 - 1914 The weather seems calm at the house. We are planning to shift the whole plant to the out of the three small islands, on the south side of the third entrance. Today Jerome & I went over there in the fluttee & looked for a site. We found a shellbank spot for a home near the water. We were very pleased to see that the north wind was really north & steady. This same wind at 6th splits into a dozen different currents - is not dependable. Joe & Hal who have both built fluyahs are hunting in two arms & keeping us supplied with game. In May & June the esquimoes made two trips by sledge up the coast for fur & seal. They got about 40 - 50 seals altogether + two deers. The latter were killed near the huge fold glacier. In the spring an expedition of Esqui- mous went south along the Silvermine Island coast after deer. They got only four & great many dogs died & the men had a hard time. Friday July 24 - 1914 A typical summer day here. Wind variable and clouds mixed with sunshine ending by a touch of fog which lifted from a calm later in the evening.

A H 123 Sat + Hal went out all day with their kayaks. + the former returned with a seal. She must have been gone for H & his hunting in the whole boat to their kayaks. I took sights for chronometer correction + worked up some azimuths x the big clock is doing well these days. Mac has found 18 varieties of wild flowers within one minute's walk of The house. The river is full of water & altogether the little village is really beau- tiful. Saturday 25-1914. Absolutely calm. Sat, Hal + I all went hunting. Sat must launch in his kayak + got nothing. Hal went up to The Green fishing + got one seal on the ice come the home. I built cairns for marking the harbor on all prominent points & islands from here to Sunrise Point. I went in Hal's kayak taking a 22 rifle along. I shot 2 ducks + one seist. I got back at 5:30 P.M. somewhat tired as we carried off a good many bags of coal right after breakfast. The ship (Prometheus) is due at Dinner at today. In a week we can begin to look for elk + deer with our maid.

124 Sunday July 26 - 1914. Walked up the rim valley and around down Frio valley. Weather continues ideal. Everyone is busy writing letters in an iception of some kind room. Jerome took many pictures of the Indians at this various native divisions. Hopefully he spared 1000 feet of the film in the developing room, and will have time to do over. For a nice but fabulous woman that got cold could not live would be at 15-2 yrs. When we measured out the distance got round that it looked like 1000 yrs. Monday July 27 - 1914 I was indoors all day & it was my turn to cook. I had baked [illegible] wild duck for dinner and made the stuffing & follows: (quantities some guess) white wheat biscuit Summer Sausage corn bread Sage hominy flour Molasses Hyme Worcestershire Sauce Mint Lemon extract Red Pepper Cayenne Tomato Sauce condensed milk Butter Water Cinnamon Salt Horseradish

H.H. It was delicious & everyone ate a lot. I did not tell what was in it. Hal was the only one who got a stomach ache. After supper we moved the two boats in to the ice as the wind was coming up and we rather hoped the harbor might clear. Tuesday July 28 - '14 Weather continuing ideal. She men fill a real living day or so on the bird ice. Art is painting the water front & finished the panorama. I got a commission for my characters to- day. They seem in good shape. Joe is doing lots of photographic work. A small plane down Shakespeare's yard and he changed it to a more protected spot. Wednesday July 29, '14 Rain and N E blow x I looked for a flow to get the tide gate but found none that appeared suitable. We are still writing letters.

Thursday - July 30 - 1914 I tried to take out Hal's launch but the wind was too strong. This afternoon we broke my piece of tin in near the motor boat with dynamite but found that at low tide we could do better. Friday - July 31 - 1914 She was limited today as they do nearly every good day. I think she shot an oolshock but it cost a lot anyway, for it was her real & other else was killed. They brought in a load of walrus meat for the dogs from saw & the carbo. Blasted ice-field. Saturday - Aug 1 - 1914 I went out towards Sunrise Point looking for a place suitable for the tide gage. The water had frozen during the night and I had a good deal of trouble getting thru the drift and thin ice. A lane has broken thru the ice to the ice past near the motor boat but the main line of the drift ice still extends from just beyond the Point to a Point on the South end midway between Dry Island and Hayes Cairn. She now started the launch over to the island for the wireless house.

A.H. Sunday Aug. 2, 1914 Rain today. Cold and damp. Ok men went hunting and later Hal & Joe went out in Their kayaks. No game was seen. I went out in the flattie but saw nothing except a few ducks. Monday August 3-1914 The third ice boat out last night for a day Island and to mouth of the River. But this was no wind to take the pros out and they dreadful spun all day with the tide. Jesse has been a little under the weather this past two days. He is working hard on the kite. He is still doing a great deal of photographic work. Tuesday August 4-1914 my cool day - I invented a new kind of jumbling and a new kind of pie but - the crowed ate them so I suppose they are all right. Wed. Aug, 5-1914 I put the tide egg on the water. At low tide we hauled the motor boat down and tonight she floated clear.

128 ET The women are working on Mac's kayak, putting the struts for the frame which Carinsyn-- has just finished. Snow today. Thursday July 6-1914 Taking advantage of the high tides we are get- ting the lumber and other equipment out for the house to be built on the island. We were only awake late after midnight. The weather has been calm for several days and is ideal for such work. She men are trimming a telephone line up in the rocks this no wolves have been killed since Sunday when the ground got thin. The motor boat is running well and looks very nice in her new paint. Friday July 7-1914 Weather still calm with the high tides and we are using it all to advantage hauling the heavy engine and batteries to the island. It has just down a mooring for the motor boat in front of the house. This is much more convenient than pulling up a heavy anchor every time we wish to go out. Jerome's age "ETAH" made this thing.

17 H. on the hill back of the house shows up very well These days when The ground is dark from the rain & The interest in an expected ship seems to have died out somewhat now that she failed to come when one first expected her. Saturday Aug 8-1914 Tonight at midnight Mae, Ted & Just Started with the motor boat towing the wheel boat, they are bound for Donner's. As former gone they have the men, four women & one baby all action. The men going on various errands principally lunch miles to get the mail & send him & to get ths tank. Sunday Aug 9-1914 We had a real storm today from the south. It blew, then rained and what's worse smellly, more wind followed until a gale swept the wind. We were worried about our folks at the out island. We tried to watch for the home with our glasses but couldn't see,

130 E T Monday Aug. 10, 1914 The wind went down leaving a sunshine and occasional drift of fog. Jason and I went out in the flatbo[at] and fixed the tide gage. It is on a shelf [of rock] about 16 ft. above the water nearly two miles as towards Sunrise Point. Tuesday Aug. 11, 1914 I was hunting all morning. We are nearly giving up as I have had pretty good luck. I have gotten 14 sea gulls + + duck. Kerstin got a seal r I caught I went out after dinner about 8:30 p.m. I went down by the ice berg about 5 miles [of] from the home and harpooned an "oolook" on the ice. After he had become tired and from during the first day & time after this I shot him from the harp[hook]. It took about four hours to tow the heavy seal up to the outer island where I left him. I came in & got Sign & the flatbo[at] we cut him up & cached the meat bringing both its skins. I got to bed at 8:00 clock in the morning being jaddled [about] 35 & 45 miles in the 26 hrs. I was my.

Wednesday Aug 12-1914 It rained and blew all day long. Persons went out to see if our things were being used at the island. The first impressions are pretty lonely with the crowd gone x Thursday Aug 13-1914 Alkaholiquist anchored us (person + me) with the news that the motor boat was coming. The party arriving included St. + Janet but no male. Person missed a ship he not yet come but may arrive before the dinner is done. St. + Sand had a good many meals on that return - made into a big meal 3 figured it had gotten moon-blind + had not gotten down to Milville Bay as he had planned x. Friday Aug 14-1914 a hell of a day - Snow + wind + the Carlos was jammed with ice that we had to get the motor boat out. The ice was by heavy rings from Kennedy channel probably. St. + I walked my 5th thermometer - Sween Point. We ran one mile. It has been down 10+20 F. since July 20th. It was 33° when we read.

Saturday Aug. 15 - 1914 It has been sunny again and this afternoon it became decidedly colder with a change of wind to the north. I think good news, we can now hope for a clear harbor soon. I am working hard with the expectation of going to the island Monday. I washed clothes today and cleaned up my room until things are pretty straight. Tonight we enjoyed hearing Jack's new- divlin again. He and Daning went back in the hills and brought back several pictures; yes- Tuesday Ethel brought us six drubs. Sunday Aug 16 - 1914 I am 20 yrs old today. I opened several letters & read some old ones. I got the book fr our camp at the Island. Mom & a crowd went up after little autos, Jerome got some moving pictures of the whole thing. Monday Aug 17 - 1914 Mom, Eth, just & The new left in the motor boat for a walrus hunt at Cape Alexander. Jerome was sick so we did not go out to the island. I went back in the hills & got the cache I left in July...

Tuesday Aug 18 - 1914 I went out & started the tide page today. The women & boys went after little anhrs. They are afraid that the eclipse will cause the birds to go south. Tonight we go to the island - Jerome & I in the flatie. I am taking a .44, .35, 22, .401 & short gun x Wednesday Aug 19 - 1914 At the island Jerome and I put up our sleeping and cook tents. We were put out at being unable to find the tools, nails, bedding and personal things which they must have lost last night. The clouds finally dissolved into rain and our ambition to build was diluted & desire for the comfort of home. We drifted into the flatie and returned in time for a good dinner with Dan & Hal. I shot a race just before we left. He was perched on a rock scolding Jerome when I put an end to his execrations. Thursday Aug 20 1914 My cool day again. A meal & visited John new Barnes & the mistress taking it generous stuff with great relish.

134 5:30 A.M. Today the motor boat jumped up & her morning. We were glad to learn that the hunters had gathered six walrus, two" orshook and several" pigs" This morning was marred by more rain but it did not prevent Jos and me from chasing a big orkshook my the kind. Disappointed at not getting the shot I wanted I paddled up to an ice pan and lined my three sea pigs & a shot from my 4 dropped the trio when they stood. Friday August 21-74 We have been anticipating the eclipse due today. I was up at 4:30 A.M that found the kind clothed with fog. This effectively eclipsed the sun and the moon went not home & his appointment. Staring slept only two hours I crawled into my blankets after breakfast and immediately knew day to the uproar that attended the piguation for another departure. I awoke to find that the expedition had not out for Ellsmer Land. Left alone Hal & I rejoiced in our gun & immmediately set about calling provisions for a short visit & Littleton Island. In the midst of a cosy dinner although brightens was the unwelcome news that the motor

boat had returned. The interior was complete with the advent of a savoury supper of explorers natures. He must clear his fermentated state of mind and the door closes with a bang on his broad back and shot gun. Three hours later with revived spirits he reenters the scene and costs before us a great load of Burgomasters. Suffer is just on the table - we are all hungry but the hunter smacks his lips, standing to his gleam before the oven he casts a questioning round at fat who returns the assaults with interest. She views a brining bowl of stew with an indulgent smile and falls to like the man he is.... This is Fat! Saturday, Aug 22-1914 A strong outer mind has massed the ice into one cone. Fat has been away for 36 hrs buying the motor boat clear. I upped that he is anchored on the opposite side of the fjord under the lee of high cliffs. By some shell-dogging I was able to cook again today. But I did not mind as I had another dinner to be tried. I am practicing this art upon the assembled crowd. Later when famine and I alone must eat all that I cook it will be committed to have mastered the culinary art.

136 E T This afternoon th & I walked over to the tide page, continuing around into Art's valley and down over the hill. We saw six rabbits and I had the good fortune to shoot one. Aug 22 - Aug 29 - 1914 This was rather a memorable week. Jerome & I went to the Island with the hunting party that left on Sunday afternoon. We landed -T- at once and laid the foundation & floor of our house that night. The whole week we worked day away steadily until the following Sunday when we had finished the house 10'x12', a shed & started a corral. Besides this we had gotten the electrical gear inside and Jerome had almost fin- ished putting up the engine. Altogether we felt that it was a very creditable week's work for only two men. In the meantime a N.E. gale had been raging. We could not have left our desert island had we as provided for one little boat so pretty light. It turned out later that the motor boat had been lost by wind and high seas & had just into Marthi for shelter. She party had killed two dolphins and several seals. Art built weddishly had gotten a good many rabbits.

A H. 137 Sunday Aug. 30 - 1914 A day of days ! Our mail has come !!! Our motor boat met Peter Drustan coming up in their launch with our letters. An American ship was on its way north (Lucky Scott expedition) but got stuck in the ice in South Greenland and failed to reach New York. Rasmussen did not come as his brother has just died. The news found to be very lively ranging from war with 5 fusics to looping - the loop with aeroplanes. No one from received bad tidings from home. A a several days afterward the full of our first mail in so many months was unbidden. The little auks are all gone excepting a few young ones. Monday Aug 31 - 1914 Same days ago Hal was wiring a lamp for his microscope but already we find it almost necessary in the evenings especially when it is cloudy. The sun out for the first time on Sunday the 23rd but the dark comes rapidly my here. Tuesday Sept 1 - 1914 I have commenced my summer work towards Sunrise Point. I aim taking advantage of the last few very good weather.

138 Wed Sept. 2 - 1914 Hal & I worked to Sunrise Point on Th Sunday. The motor boat is dodging for Camp + hunting whenever possible x Thursday Sept. 3 - 1914 Spk, Hal, Jerome, 2h + I all went in the motor boat to Littleton Island for ducks. We were disappointed; the cold weather and wind had driven them all south. We climbed up a big ice bay and Jerome took moving pictures from the whole boat. At Littleton Island we found "ERIK 1876" scratched on the rocks near a cairn at the S W corner of the island. Also "O. Swirsky" '98" We added our names and the date. Friday Sept 4 - 1914 Jerome and I worked up the Bird run- waying that a southly gale put an end to our efforts. Later it cleared. Saturday Sept 5 - 1914 The winter weather continued but in the afternoon 2h, Jerome and I went to the summit of Sunrise Point. There we dug up a cairn which is to commemorate

Our stay at Stah. We hope to build it gradually and finally leave quite a landmark. Sunday Sept. 6-1914 We are all, The Eskimos included, suf- ferring from slight colds & sneezing. It is prob- atly the result of germs brought in by mail as we never have such troubles ordinarily. Today was calm and the motor boat went to the head of the fjord to take up Tang's net. In it were three ducks, and a small seal. The latter had eaten all of the birds except two geese. Late the boat resumed hunting, a thick fog prevented us from returning in time for an exquisitely good dinner which she had prepared. Oddie killed quite a large seal. So tonight the moon came up bright and I drew a star for the first time since last month -- of course I made a wish on it and trust that it will come true. Tuesday September 9-1914 The old-time winds are with us again, it is cold too with the thermometer near 20. The motor boat came in this morning after a night of lifeboat row. She fog & ice had prevented a

140 return last night. Today Jerry & Jos dugged a little while ferumi and I did some running work - it was very unplea- sant out on the heauts. The reunions again seem home-like. We have the ranges and then games with books + music around the edges. Tuesday September 8-1917 Jerry and I have secured the plans for every floor and window that might help in our house on the island. He has also collected all tin cans and cases to be used for tinning our roof. The hunting party is preparing to go north for Caribou. Hal will accompany the expedition. This afternoon 5th and went up to [illegible] of Summer Point (Shimmer Hill.) We added canual nets to our can, which I pan or rigids. Wednesday September 9-1917 A calm and beautiful day. After breakfast the motor boat towed a load 7 dogs to the head of the Ford. Of course this was the usual excitement and disagreeing- ness. One scrawny yellow dog lead the

chewing. On the way up he continued his dismal howling until I noticed that his tail was over the side of the whale boat dragging in the water, wedged in between two teammates. He could not move. Such incidents always make these canine journeys at least interesting. Jerome and I accompanied the party. We scurried from the river (head first) down to Dog Island. The spry ice made travel on the flatter very difficult. But we have now finished all but the last stretch on the south side. Then, it is just sunset south in the north. boat but failed to get the one walrus killed. Dank played the cello for 3 hrs + 50 mins without stopping - joy his existence be its own reward! Thursday September 10-1914 Hal returned from the glacier to spend the night at the house. The equipment is all up on the ice but the sledges will not start until tomorrow. A strong cross wind prevented any boat work. Jerome and I have collected everything for our departure. I'm glad tomorrow. We have in need our cooking and food facilities until we can plan a house warming of some size. Jerome bathed today!

142 Friday Sept 11 - '7 11 Clear weather with almost no wind. Continued work on the shed of our house at the Island - Came out here at 9 am, bringing a load of lumber, tin etc. Sat. Sept 12 - 194 This afternoon snow came with a rush from the southwest. I had just finished one front door. Just now working on margin. Sunday Sept 13 - 194 It snowed all day and we were glad to remain indoors reading and taking life as it came. Monday Sept 14 - 194 The snow storm changed the country around into white and red in morning. Later this morning the motor boat stopped by having four inches of ice she around had started down to Sulphurville early in order to bring back mud but a hill had freshened the way.

FOREVER 143 Tuesday September 10 - 1924 We took advantage of the good weather & worked on the hills. In the afternoon a sudden wind stopped all such work for here fingers now became numb in their full pages. Wednesday Sept. 11 - '24 Jerome planned today with the batteries. Just got breakfast I shot into a flock of young ducks & thought I wounded one. We took the fletch & went in pursuit. We got none and had a long hard full back to the house in the teeth of a heavy stormy wind. Jerome worked on the batteries this afternoon. Thursday September 17 - '24 Jerome worked on the batteries all day finally getting them all into the lichen built along the south wall of our living room. I worked on the rock wall behind the house. It is possible that if this wall be made high enough and to extend far enough beyond the frame of the house a snow drift may form along our north wall to protect us on the side.

144 Friday Sept. 18, 1917 A mild day as to weather: Rain my Snow. We both worked on the kite - Jerome stayed outside in the rain and wet snow until he was soaked. I served on the sails indoors. We finished a kite tonight, sails, guys and all. Saturday Sept. 19-1917. Calin and cloudy. -Jerome toiled with his first file today deging to get down the ventilators my other friends for his proud. I carried rocks and filled them up behind the house. This is a pleasant task as it requires no mental effort and when engaged in such work one can wander anywhere in his thoughts. Sunday Sept 20-1917. I wrote letters, Jerome took advantage of the continued calm to put up the mast. I went out to help him and as a result the thing fell down and smashed off the upper part. Later Jerome completed the job and hoisted our flag.

"FOREVER" 145 Monday Sept 21 - 1914 Clear, cold weather mild NE wind. Spot B came out twice bringing food and more material for the ground. This is her last work as the engine is faying and Joe has decided that the time has come for beaching. Tuesday Sept 22 1914 Good weather continues. Jordane mined the engine and batteries. I worked on the bit reel. Got engine up just down the ground. I did not get turned in until just 4:30 AM, studying and writing. Wednesday Sept 22 - 1914 Clear and colden. (Interesting remark!) Ice just has commenced to form. Shot a rummy, he died soon after. Thursday Sept 24 - 1914 Shot another rummy. The tribe is now extirminated.

146 207 Friday Sept. 25 - 1914. Cloudy with light SE wind. In the afternoon James & I went into Stak to get a number of things we wanted. He had returned with the hunting party they had shot #2 caribou. Est and T and he just left with the others who did not go the first time. Saturday Sept. 26 1914 Finished the survey work from Dog Island out to this (White Island) since we did not believe that another good day could be expected. This evening I shot two ducks at long range with my high power .35 rifle. Sunday, Sept. 27-1914 Cloudy and rather cold with a threatening SW. wind. James worked all day on the engine and mining. Do not he saw for the first time. Monday Sept. 28 - 1914 Cloudy with strong S wind. James completed up engine and commended charging batteries. The engine runs beautifully,

Forever which is some what surprising considering the past vicissitudes of its life. I made one first brunt in the electric alarm. Tuesday September 29, 1917 Calm and warm x cloudy with occasional snow flurries & Nothing which I got out after breakfast in the hopes of getting some relief on the hills & = of the island. I walked for six hours but saw nothing. The snow increased and I feared the flood tide might bring in a great deal of ice to prevent my getting back. So I returned x Frome got up earlier than usual & started the engine x In no time almost a crank bearing had burned out, i.e. become so dry as to heat and melt the cast iron metal x He had a hard day making a new part out of a spare main bearing x Tonight we baked bread. The result was a supply of four beautiful dozens. Two fours I biscuit came next. This afternoon Mrs. going up Barry visited the island in this bayola. She is now alone, the having gone after carbon again and th wing away on a short trip up into its hills.

148 -Joy Wednesday - Sept. 30 - 1917 [Fair weather] The weather cleared up and cooled by a strong NE wind x Engine started at 6:2. Soon after this we came out a log boat approaching the island & In-shore & a twenty- notch soon arrived with - the news that the whole boat had gone adrift. Journey & I took the flotter and followed the kayaks a long ways out into the Sound, who was not making of the boat. Pulling home in the teeth of the wind was hard work. The two logs are staying well as it is blowing too hard for the kayaks. We are lucky to have done all this mess - easy hunting before this misfortune x the loss of the whole boat is now felt rather by the inquiries we make and we would have left them x Thursday October 1 - 1917 [Second Round] The howling of E. for continues to howl x It's on- ly effect upon us is the forced visit of the two engines x throughout the day Journey continued charging the batteries, before the task of routine tasks of the house became neglected he merely dugged in great chunks of ice, operating one the boiling water and giving the cylinder an opportunity to cool down a bit. He finished the chore at night having run 44 1/2 hrs.

FOREVER. 149 Friday, October 2d 1915 [Third Round] "Bite + fare" - The bowlers and two bignores con- tinue with us. Jesse rested from his strenuous work of the past few days. I walked, read + thought as per routine. I fear that our visitors will become undon by and large. Their fitness is gone and we have not so much a joke of cards for their amusement. Last night I managed them to draw pictures - and today they amused themselves by shooting small arrow bows which they have made. They are like children and any confined confinement falls on their energetic spirits. As a matter of interest I will keep a list of the divers by which these two boys amuse themselves - I say boys, the one must be over 25 and the other nearly 35 years of age: 1. Each examined all of our provisions, equipment and every part of our little house. 2. 2nd sharpened his knife + made for himself a small bow drill out of a stick of wood + a wire nail 3. Each construct a successful bow gun + darts barbed with sharpened nails. They shot at an oil can for a while. 4. They drew pictures of animals on our wall + "killed them" by shooting the darts into each. 5. They explored the island for possible game,

150 6. They sang songs out in the wind, walking up and down on the stretch of flat rocks by the house. 7. They had a crumple over the last of their tobacco, did feel every little while this spirits must indulge in some physical expression. 8. They collected a lot of ice from each trying to bring the largest piece. 9. They drew maps of the country and activities I enjoyed hunting scenes with my crayons. 10. They invented a game of counting played with their matches I have cut on the edge of our bench. 11. They looked at all the pictures in our Literary Digests. 12. They helped help house by washing the dishes and sweeping out. 13. Every little while they went out into our shed to sing songs, do not they seemed to feel in that way inside and spent most of their time in the shed. 14. Played "Capture" on the rocks each trying to undo the other in climbing inaccessible places. 15. Threw rocks in the air to represent birds in flight and then threw other rocks to "kill the birds". 16. Ang my a piece of an oak-branch which I killed in July, she was not very much but they had quite a feast. 17. A near-jungle found a spot of tobacco in his clothes, he put this in his pipe and the two both turns finishing the smoke.

151 Forever. 18. Rolled big waves into the sea enjoying the crashing and splashes with the capture of children. 19. Collected grass for this hamisha and dried it by the stove. 20. Imitated all the sketches that I made day before yesterday while trying to give them something to Do.

152 Tox Saturday October 3d - 1917 [Fourth round] Wind continued perhaps it was a little worse today as the house shook all day long. I walked for two hours this morning and three hours this afternoon. Despite the wind the air is so fresh and crisp that I hate to stay in- dors. A surprising amount of young ice has passed out of the field, it has been going by our island for two days and seems to have finished only this evening. We are enjoying a full moon in the even- ings, our first this fall. Day one first breeze in the midnight sun of the summer one does not notice the moon. Sunday October 4 - 1917 And still it blows. [Fifth round] June and I have both caught a cold from Turkish who arrived sniffling last Wednesday. Since you brought us we set the two boys for a fiction and was astonished to find that the two boys had disappeared. The wind was dangerously high in the flying ship boats. But the tobacco of both men is all gone and they hate illness. I don't have them for getting hemispher in the atmosphere of the quiet pair of books worms that inhabits this place.

FOREVER. We believe that they went in to Hays Harbor seeking the use of the two islands on their way. James says that yesterday's weather did not detain them and only his solicitude for another day's waiting kept them from carrying out their hazardous plan! I believe that their haste in leaving this morning was the result of their anxiety lest we prevail upon them to stay until calm weather. This evening a strong appearance in the northwest sky gave us hope for a break in the monotony of this terrible wind. She is not colder than 8-10° above zero; exercise out of doors is very unpleasant. Monday October 5-1914 And still it blows! [Sixth round] James and I are both a little melancholy with the colds we have, and yesterday I felt that one outside is increasing. Tonight put on jacket time an hour; 6 x 9 minutes became red eyes. I am trying to walk regularly. On the other side of the island is a curious feature: two small mountains of granite, an old fault it is, running almost at right angles to the coast surging out of the first. In this line, scarcely fifty feet in length, I walk back and forth, flunked by black wells and alive only to the problems in my mind—how dull would the eye be with out that divine passion that imagination!

154 Tuesday, October 6-1914. And still it flows! [seem to sound] This day was one of many which means a little too much when I add that I was up until the scandalous hour of 5 o'clock this morning, and geranium may be known with shame - treated seriously to a but totally. His cold is worse and we could find no remedy in our stores except for bottle quite washing in force. The paper may cold to that species of prison- I am studying regularly, and enjoying a novel with the more serious writers although I set by a store of room books when one can out I shall finish them this week. Surely - back in the weather may be expected soon. I walk regularly. I try to go out twice each day walking no less than an hour each time. This minimum of two hours a day is not great but with the work much I am doing I believe that I shall not be failing in my duty to myself. The station as a useless unit is at a standstill. The little outside work remaining to be done away will wait until this wretched wind still here goes. We are turning more evil than we imagined would be necessary for our small home. The little station town has proved itself a very stubborn.

-- FOREVER. Wednesday October 7 -1914 spry tree it blows! [Left margin] Aetho is was my morning to get up and cook, Jerome traveled far to cold and had breakfast well started before I had returned to the fry heaven from a delicious afternoon in the green country -- for which are the dreams that live on fire in the cold. He climbed lightly out of my trunk with an atmosphere of energy; Jerome loaded filled the water tank and was making meal efforts to start the engine by the water page -- he failed x Result: much profanity and perspiration (as for routine) -- Since any small diversion inlets towards a preservation of mental equilibrium under these condi tions, I have taken to the delightful occupation of dictating my diary with such a free ion attitude as produces not more favor than froms, regardless as -- the position proved may prove -- After much work Jerome missed the water piking and I, meanwhile dicta, filled the tank. This evening we made bread, or rather we baked the bread I made three days ago. It was a grand failure but surely less tough than the ship's biscuit x I also baked four panfuls of biscuit x At dinner we ate the last speech of our canal meat whilst we have carefully boarded. But it is very occasionally a luxury x Indeed and it is a fitful luxury with its rank taste, Two pages in two days! And then some times when a page stuffs for a month -- but then I had lots to say.

156 Thursday October 8th 1914 And still it blows! [ninth round] Only a little harder, or as Jerome puts it; today is the ninth round. The wind smashed our Thunsmith and scattling spray over our point. It churks the house and gets in thin every crevig of our floors and walls. Why on the smoking hills no man could live without shelter. Such is the Gulf's wind. Friday October 9th 1914 And still it blows! (tenth round) About two this morning the wind clocked somewhat and the sun seemed really to give some warmth. Jerome immediately set to work upon his outside mowing while I continued a wiring task at the back of the house x I came out as far as I could see curves on the army preparing & heaving over our poor shed, when in the midst I saw come thus the wind rushed up for another attack upon our shanty. We really despair of getting anything done in such weather. I am the luckier man else I got a single duck x I shot him with my .55 x After supper thought I must walk in the fading light for a scramble near the rocks, dear a fiece on the other side of the island were six ducks. They did not see me in the dark & I ran back for Jerome and James

FOREVER. 157 We maneuvered to a position above the screaming birds and, without waiting to see the white of their eyes, opened fire x She battle of Manila Bay must have been a 'soap + case game' compared to this attack of ours. The enemy didn't have even Arson's choice x We have to present the hearts, wings + legs of fine delicious side dishes and each bird supplies our needs for two meals - i.e. we make each bird last two days as we have no more fresh meat x Saturday, October 10-1917. And Still it Blows ! (elemental sounds.) There were two variations today from the normal disturbance: the wind shook the house in such a way as to produce a number of new noises, and the sky was completely overcast x We are hoping for a good snow storm so soon as the snow drifts about the house will shield it much warmer. At present there is a constant blast up from the earth in the floor and the holes in the shed walls. This morning Jerome found that a leak had filled his new piping with water x He may have to chop the whole table out x Surely he will not last another as long as this present luck continues.

158 JOY --- Sunday October 11 - 1917 And Still it Blows ! (Twelfth round) We celebrated this day by making the first kite flights Of hers side - the morning one took 'the kite - Radio 3rd out on the ice for about 25 feet from the house x Jersome held her while I man- ued the reel x When all was ready Jersome merely let go the stick and the big bird sailed up as nicely as you please x Oh wind was strong but not so high as it has been lately. Oh kite was unable to lift more than half the wire, she estimated that she was nearly out of just above the water most of the time. Jersome listened in for some time to night but did not get even any static x It is probable that the kite was not high enough and Jersome is planning to send two up on the same wire. After seven o'clock this evening the wind died out somewhat and the kite dived into the water, as we found that ice on 'the kite wire ruined drag the kite down - we took her in x The eighth home flight was brought to a successful close x At this writing our charge is sleeping jura- fully in the aerodrome x The ice again wonderful as far as the house as Etak. It is possible that we may get in type December 1st.

FOREVER. 159 Monday October 13, 1914 (thirteenth round) And still it blows! Nothing [illegible] occurred today except that Jerome & I each lost our temper once. I was moved to profanity when the stove became choked with coal and refused to burn while I shivered and waited for breakfast to warm up. Jerome soon blew out the thimble of a pipe for the water tank. Two minutes after the acting was over he broke the same pipe trying to heat it. I think he swore louder than I had earlier. We have finally to try a new plan: he is to get all the breakfasts and I shall prepare the dinners. I hate to get up before breakfast and he hates to go to the trouble of getting dinner. I have been watching a comet in the constellation of Arcturus Major. I feel sure that I am not mistaken altho I did not know that one was expected this winter. It was not visible last night. It is moving south & retargading toward the west. The sun sets early now & the colors are beautiful. In a day or two we will no longer have shine above the cape to our South. We are very happy & contented this day. She is free in the joy forever and we try, I think not to part in one another.

160 Joy---- Tuesday, October 13-1914. And full it blow! (Fourteenth round) Today was a day of misfortune. This was to have been spoiled with such a number attached to the date (13th) as badgered the same chance just over the hill for a few moments. Then it hid away among the collection of foggy sketches that covered the study. At two o'clock we put out the kite, just as it left the arch a gust of wind seemed to offer sticks against many children and mine had me twenty minutes later, within an account of the broken stick or the high wind. The kite climbed and landed among some debris about 30 yards away. The landed in a mess of broken sticks and other miscellany. This misfortune is indeed discouraging. While Jerome hurriedly in the kite a duck came towards our point and I shot him with my T.T. He put out in the electric but did not reckon on the strength of the wind. Before we got the duck we saw our danger and started back. My hands became numb; I later found they were frozen. The young craft was us and many gust threw our Row R. By the merest chance I was able to pull well enough to carry us into the arches for almost half before the adde came against me. Don't we more now to try anything so risky again while we are at free. It does not pay.

FOREVER. 161 Wednesday, October 4 - 1917 Hard still it blows! (Fifteenth round) Today was not very important from any point I read x yes it was too: last night there was no ice in the wind x this morning there was a continuous news shut from Estak to our island x. It really looks as tho we might be able to get in much earlier than it would have been possible last year. I took my two walks as usual and wrote letters at other times x Time is going very quickly x This is really aston-ishing reminding the fact that we have no diversions, and from conversation has reached a very low ebb - We are using a little more than a bag & a day. At that rate one will be ready to leave here be- fore the first of December. Today was flour days i.e. we have apportioned our flour to come just perfectly enough so that it will last until January but we have planned to make one other diversion last a longer time. We have a list of every kind of food at the house and check off each day's ex-penditure. A clarity befell us today in the loss of our dish pan. We have nothing else in which to make bread. Except for the howling of the wind this is the most funereal atmosphere in which I have ever lived x

Thursday October 15-1914 And still it blows! (sixteenth round) And if it will only keep on blowing in this direction for a day or two longer we shall be able to get into the house at 2.30 or the ice x The big sheet has been solid for two days now and the temperature is hovering around zero. Jerome is running the engine charging the batteries x His new piping in the hatch is work- ing in good shape and he is very pleased that in order to start he has only to put in one bucket of water x The tank is always nearly full of ice so that when the hot water comes out it melts a fresh supply. Our couch and the rest of the house are covered with a frost from the exhaust x The sunsets are beautiful these days. I am glad to have the sun go just to show all of this brilliant afternoon that mark its de- parture x The comet seems larger and brighter x It must be approaching the earth x I have been busy all day trying to un- load some of the extensive correspondence that must be answered.

--FOREVER. Friday October 16 - 1914 And still it blows! (several times around) Today is of great importance to our life here: this afternoon Jane came out on the ice + had quite a visit with us. With him were about twenty dogs, the cattle of the village left over cringles from other towns and various pigs. We learned that Art + Jack were back after a hard trip. Art went his usual all luck had shot nothing, and Tank had gotten lost this month. The consolation of having killed a caribou. Although it is not really winter yet, that is the temperatures are not much below zero we have great hopes of seeing the ice remain. I killed a deer from the woods today + I got him in the flatter but was glad enough to get in again. There was no chop to the meat but the breeze made working hard and my hands were soon numb. I don't think I shall continue out in that little shell again x It does not dry. Jane is making plans for the spring trip. He is not going to leave on Nov 1, as he planned but will wait by getting Peter Frencher to come my way. The comet is more brilliant than ever and comes closer. We feared not from now that our clock gaining rapidly Today the sun did not get above the Cape (Captain Alice clips)

164 Saturday October 17-54 And still it blows! (Eighth wind.) But it did not blow so hard as to prevent from going from walking in it. It was a pleasant feeling to get out on the ice again and feel the chill of the air around me. We took in some things we didn't need and I returned a load of books. The house seemed very dirty and gloomy after one crazy little time with its electric lights and it was almost impossible to read in the dim light that came from the windows. Strange to say thin pans had put more than help me much then on them while over to a slight glow through which we can still see the outdoors. Unfortunately she found to be here day at the house and we had none of the fresh meat for which we are craving and you did not give us any when we returned. I am afraid that we shall be sick if we continue to live without any meat except the canned beef we have occasionally and the few ducks that have come our way. I enjoyed most all the music. It is very hard to have that sort of life on the island as it means so much. Some times I feel as this hunger for food or drinks or companionship are very small things compared to the burning desire for the satisfaction of music. We returned to the Island after dinner. Dark time has been the hours yet.

FOREVER. 165 Sunday October 18-1914 And still it blows! (nineteenth sound) I had planned to walk my land today but it was blowing so hard that I thought it would be more fight than fun. James took two of his skis from in the rack and was both around on the sails,--on the rails not for the hiking; he got barely half done with a whole day's work. It was cold too! We believe that the jumping of what we drift ing our way with the wind & two small black men were out last night and then are more fine -- see only black & I my perfectly go out on the ice & play & cannot go home or at least find to come to follow our tracks out to the island. I have commenced to learn shorthand and find it diverting at least & with much quiet so we enjoy in this house studying anything always is a pleasure. This house of ours is certainly much colder than the by house at State, we are always 'on our breath' at a near the door & nearly always watching a few feet of the stove. It is remarkable that we have had so little snow. In the whole month thus far not how one saw James and only very few flakes came in September. If we will look up our house -- I have written this page for snow at least a day than I knew!

166 50: -- Monday, October 5 - 19'4 And still it blows! (Intermitently) The high-tide have come and as a result the ice commenced to go today - We said if we were by the next island about 2 o'clock but he could not come all the way to us as The ice commenced to truck up. We however working to feed our guppies and try them on any to get back. One of them he already eaten the green branches in the willow branch I made last month. We rowed on the kite nearly all day, lazy and finished both of them & from then commenced my the first one and I stood by at the oar. The first move by the kite was a healthy dive into the water. The wreckage was discouraging, at least four or six sticks being smashed & we believe that the kite frame was crooked and this caused the gailure to fly straight. The bracing wires were pretty taut and may have pulled it frame out of shape - It will be a cold job getting another one ready. I walked for two hours and a half tonight. The comet is growing terribly larger, apparently approaching the earth & there was a quiet answer for a while but it did not compare with the beautiful meteors which seemed unusually numerous. It's peculiar that the days seem so much longer since we set our clock back three hours to agree with that of Esk. I am keeping very regular hours, sleeping eight hours, walking at least two and sitting at regular times.

--FOREVER. 167 Tuesday, October 20th 1917 And still is blowing (twenty gusty sound) This it isn't blowing hard today. In fact it was warmer and really almost pleasant outdoors. Someone watched on the kite and I mailed some jimmey cards and strips I mounted on the art I ran shed in hope of making it a little less fragile. Quite a flock of young ducks appeared one by the next island. I shot one and hope to get him in the morning as he is frozen in the clush near the channel between the two pairs of land. Tonight was so pleasant that I stayed out two hours walking and enjoying the beauty of the still darkness, when the last twilight had faded into a faint gray the comet loomed up like a great rocket. And then the Aurora came up from the west and south in a fan of broad yellow bands not brilliant but rich enough to put shine the Milky Way. So much I stopped now and then to enjoy the flare of a shooting star and compare its wonderful flame with the best of the steady collection, even Arcturus and Spica seemed faint compared to one green and red ball of flame that slid thru the Bull just type I came in.

Wednesday, October 21, 1917 And Billie blows! (Twenty-second storm!) This has been a very unpleasant day... So, I will not say that it looks ugly on this nice white page - It has been a very happy day except for the weather. Oh, that is better. The wind, as per routine, blew - but it carried a kind of raw, frosty, bitter touch that hurt although it was not angrily cold. Jemima stuck to his bite with great courage and is again ready to fly a tandem. He was going to just turn up this afternoon but it seemed too threatening in the south and Jemima was already flying that we feared lest the wind might shift. I mailed an assortment of coal bags, tools and pieces of tin to our ship now. Of course this adds greatly to the beauty game - Jemima! But at the same time I have great hopes that the collection may also add greatly to our comfort. There is a narrow strip of ice between our island and the next - I believe that we might run it successfully and get into the home by following the ice along the islands until we struck should strike the main body of ice in by Hayes Point. But we do not want to get in. We are quite comfortable and want only more meat and coal. We are praying for snow, Jemima may see us in better shape should a good drift from north.

--FOREVER 169 Thursday October 22-57 And in the good old way to the mind grounded and marveled my frame walketh of the house until I really feared lest the worst damnell happen. I was awakened by a violent and burst of gusty air, which landed rudely in the midst of a very pleasant dream I was enjoying. And this kite - tragedy book re- curred: The puppies had gotten wild in the night and had crawled into the kite tent. They curled up in the upper cell and managed to sneak from a free stick. Myse [illegible] worth descended upon them. Don't me flew the other kite but alone it did not do well in the gusty wind. About midnight, after considerable listening in future went out + discovered that the kite had driven into the sea. We rescued it without breaking a stick. This was remarkable as in the case of the other one which fell in the water - the only thing we saved was the set of sails and they were rigged in a large flower. The kite became coated with oil immediately upon being taken out of the water and now weighs a ton, more or less. We saw the sun for a few minutes this am just before it set at the end of Cape Alexander + came today? The wind is bitterly cold for walking but I put in 2-1/2 hours struggling up & down in it.

170 Joy --- Friday October 23 - 1914. And see a bloom ! (twenty fourth meal) This rainy day, I think, is about to do - not for a short while. Our sun is gone for good at the day was very bleak with heavy cumulus clouds filled over the land and sweeping along to the west it seems. Do our great catastrophe now came visit the change and affairs to men's business. Do in the weather is as important to upon it as agreed in the question of more protection, etc. Jerome shortly the engine room after breakfast. He is important enough to have a toothache which I do not envy. As usual when running we baked a batch of biscuit, we do not attempt treat any more as an accent buy the orange time passing. The real event of the day was a fruit cake which I contrived. We had some mutton meat + I thought we could afford a little molasses as we have not used a turkey full in six weeks. The cake's really beautiful as far as appearance go. Before I turn in tonight I intend to try a piece - I think I would rather be ill in my bunk than elsewhere. Off to went out of the harbor today but we could get in I think by going to the next island.

--- FOREVER. 171 Saturday October 24-1914 Joy FOREVER wins It is really still! That is to say There is just the gentlest of gentle breezes coming out of the NE. It was so quiet in the house tonight that one wouldn't realize that it was two o'clock. After more than three weeks of rattling and banging and shaking the poor little shack has really settled down for a night of peace. The changing of the batteries was not done until early this morning. In consequence we did not have kerosene until three this afternoon. I went out into the still air and was glad. The south west was a blaze of glory and the water shot the hips into the air by its mirror like mirage. This ice filled the wind clear out to Sunrise Point and we saw good walking to the next island. As I turned to go into Oatmeal Bay beach I saw some one coming out from the dock. We put on an extra cup of coffee and in ten minutes had the pleasure of welcoming Hal to his first real visit in the Joy Forever. I think he really liked the coziness of the room, and I know the electric lights must have seemed pleasant after the switched lamps he had left behind. We sent the dogs all back with Hal. They are very hungry and also a great nuisance about the house. We plan to go in tomorrow. I need some more books and Jerome cannot have his tooth filled. The house is almost too warm tonight with the wind gone. Oh, I forgot to say the Sun is due to leave today.

172 Sunday, October 25-1914 We were awakened this morning by a— Comodineuch who had come out to some of his dig one at chook on the bend. Farmer turned out and built the fire which was soon followed by the delicious odor of coffee... I crawled out into a glorious, clear day (the rather acceptable since there was almost no wind). About eleven o'clock we put on our clothes and started in for the house. Jerome rode with the homoth and I enjoyed the walk. Nearly everyone was away walking which was the practice last winter. I cleaned up as usual and dressed up to enjoy the photograph and a good dinner. We had rabbit stuffed and roasted. My bit tasted good! JOT has made two fine homoths, they are a cross between the Perry and the Equino type. I believe that he is going to make one for me and one for Eth later on. Joe has rigged up an igloo (Buddle's) and sleeps out there. He gave Jerome and our two dames and a piece of centre meat which we brought out with us. We were loaded down as usual. I had a number of new books and the meat; Jerome brought a cake and some The Stamp. He was sick tonight after having eaten such a big dinner.

FOREVER 179 Monday October 26 - 1947 The wind is at it again - Tomorrow's day, so named, was filled with grief x He just both bites up and goes immediately just then down x On night the wreck of The Radio 5: + 6: are lying behind our shed x One is not as badly smashed but that it can be repaired But works in this weather is cruel x Jerome can stand more torture than I. He shakes and his with fuzzy fingers until suddenly his spirit can stand no more. I clear the way when I hear his moaning and stumbling in the shed x The door is flung open and he comes before the little stove x It's something seen in the dim light as This he clasped the red hot bit of copper to his breast! And I, so is much with the wicked, supper not at all x again breakfast I visited the next island and explored it carefully - not for anything in particular, just explored it as a boy does his father's top drawers when the old Span is away for his health x I saw so many beautiful examples. I fragment + other things for Jerome work that I have decided to collect a sample of each different kind - primarily the useful ones feel when the pack of hungry dogs arrive with our next visit. Nothing new. It is cold, time is flying; we are very happy, all except Jerome who still has a belly ache left from some Sunday dinner - "E VRAFTER ESELAUREI SEISE TROPSAROS"

"Joy" Tuesday, October 27 - '14 Clear north with N E wind - Very (-)° - Beautiful glows in SW. Our day on receiving came what more varied now than the ice permits writing. We were overland this area by a shout from Joe. The only Hans had driven out must be some team. They did not receive a very warm welcome in the morning chilliness of our jacob room. We invited both to join in as breakfast but they protested: 'we are busy- the battle cry of Emergency.' Jensine and I covered our loneliness by the latest ad- tition to our culinary inventions - beans with cange for moring; This is a rich and filling dish; a man needs hearty food in such weather and conditions. Accompanied came out just after dark. She old man is very poor as present; this meat is all gone + There is no oil but ours of his cold glo. I made the wife 'saving for oil'. I went in to check up breakfast, that was long work - up it's hometh and the others were to all appearances busy in the ghastly light of the arctic aution; I pushed my some more books and returned to the island at an hour came with me. Tonight we had a genuine air of sociability in the room; there was more talk than for many days + we all felt better for it; Joe said the area that he intended to send two of the men down to Ossomi to find out Peter's plans. I doubt what Joe will get himself into all.

--- FOREVER 175 Wednesday October 28 - '17 A gloomy day with a E mind + snow. I could not try myself to clean my books until after four this morning. Before the fire died out Jerome litually went of his bunk and got something to eat. He found that sleeping two was not pleasant and spent the rest of the night drying by the stove. Had arrived in a hurry to get away this morn- ing, I think that the Joy Travels is not fully ap- preciated by the others. Jerome + I should be glad if it. I walked for three hours after half past, I gathered a number of geological specimens for a small collection which I am starting for my own informa- tion. I was nearly to the head of the find but found walking into the raw wind anything but pleasant. When I returned I spent an hour or round for my sore hand. It is coming rapidly tho I shall need ting patience to regain feet, I do not think that I am particularly desirous of great speed, convenience + flex- bility beyond that of my untried long hand are my aims. I think Jerome was a little under the weather as he did not want me to cook any dinner for him. I was glad that he did decide differently later. I am greatly annoyed - against my will - by doubts concerning the possibility of sending our mail - reciving that which must have been left at Vper- mouth by the American ship which failed to reach - I saw the glow of the moon tonight. Sounds is still flying Saw a shooting star in daylight today.

176 Thursday October 29 - 94 Clear cool winter morning - For once strange and unusual clear morning the mind is clearly blessing at all today. Tank and Mac came out over open barques this A.M. They brought us one of the small chocolate s we cannot defined upon our alarm date - I just after our motor left them from the age- ground with coal guns. The brought out 21 bags and then to bring some more over x I found a low payment of a berg at the mouth end of our island and clipped off a good supply of ice which we will have bought it us when the harvesters are out next. I walked in my old place today as the ice was a little wet on top x She seemed upon while I sat quiet after did not amount to very much. The mind is still wishing up under our throne + then the wreck of the matted floor - How now it - The snow - is bound to come - It is very pleasant to have to moon back a- quiet I am looking forward to some sunshiny light walks before long. We tried to send all the puppies and other young followers of the tame house but we have quite a gathering kneeling out side tonight x

-- FOREVER 177 Friday October 30 -1914 Behold! A S.W. Gale! with snow - I went out this morning and was promptly lashed across my front with an awful blast straight out of Cepkin's Bayx The snow was drifting and managed to cleft into our porch shed thru way crack + chancy. We are built to withstand N.E. weather and winds from the other quarter catches us on our west side x However we know from experience that such winds are not a great direction x I found that my crack in the rocks was not a shelter against this wind x I found a short shelter along ths in front which was fairly protected and went about 2 1/2 hrs plodding up and down in the swirled ating gusts that came down over the hill. This morning is poor - say minimally five, I mean to say - because my hands are cold x I have just looked at the thermometer by my side + it reads 20° above zero! This makes the ink is frozen. We have commenced to take temperature at regular times in order that they may agree with them gotten at the home. Dade brought the Thermometer out this afternoon. He also made himself a welcome guest by producing two boxes of nice pork meat which had he cooked for us. Dade had a hard struggle getting out, he could not find his way easily thru the dark + drifting snow x.

178 Saturday October 31, 1914 The so wind continues to sprinkle our shed with snow. Tommy has slept a little today but made up for his delinquency by treating me to 'brushboards' & singing. Indeed one would pry me away from brushboards on a winter morning. Accommodations are - rather Trelor's son - appearing just as I was getting up. He had gotten two days since his trunks and stopped in for a short call. Laddlers try his eyes de-wounded our breakfast before we gave his waiting mouth its chance to do the same. He is a nice boy in that he is a real boy. I miss children rather like the music boys they do grate a little sometimes but they get with their smiles and round puppy-like eyes somehow fit into our hearts and chew it. The millinium seems to have arrived so far as engine is concerned - this rains, the water rains, while I never rains very little - and success not at all. I tried to imagine I was in a train this morning while the chug-chugging was clattering its many spluttering repetitions against the soft sounding boards of our cottage walls, and I found the change almost too very. I did use to hate them, the trains! Also human, childishly human we all are. I walked, cooked dinner and studied as for now time. The ease with which I could really get at studying here is more than encouraging, for it is prodigious.

FOURIER 179 Saturday November 1-19 '4. The howling, raging, blustering blizzard continues to howl and rage and bluster -- with great gusto ! Much to our surprise Pac and Tony appeared this morning out of the wind and drift looking more like a pair of animated snow piles than intrepid explorers. We warmed and dried them around our stove until they were willing to accompany us on our own way towards -- what -- hell I say of that delicious dinner -- That very kindly offered to take Tony's cook day as he felt better fitted to prepare something that would fill the yawning caverns inside Jason and me. I must not omit in this record (which like other records will merely serve a more important purpose than collecting dust on some dismal book shelf) that the worthy surgeon also sent us a large juicy ham which he had treated according to its own culinary style, the White House Cook Book. Indeed this is a genuine flow of pleasure that fills me when I realize that at least someone, and perhaps all of them would if they could think of a way, has not reached the depths of my own present gloom in which the dark is so impenetrable that the good of others can be found in no other way except the most persistent groping. I have yet to decide whether at such times I have an artistic temperament or am just a plain simple damn fool -- All of which is very proper to write in as much as it will in no way hinder this book from its future dust collecting.

180 Joy -- Monday November 2 - 1914 The snow has ceased but the E wind continues making the air pleasantly warm, from 6 to +2 F it has been, I think. Jennie and I spent the night at Etah as I wished to make some bread. We made good use of the Victrola as usual, it is a great joy (for almost any of us I am lead to believe), to put on some cheerful threedy and then project ourselves upon the astral plane tomorrow while our souls pendulate in E M O with the 'slow vibrant notes'. I imagine it is psychologically akin to that boarding-school-girl's delight, the 'blues'. These utterly scientific men may not admit this state of affairs even to themselves but I do, and, when I use my inside eyes, I see it in one or two others besides -- Surely it helps to know that we all are immensly human. Besides the bread I brought out a new supply of mental excitement in the guise of treatises on evolution and such other humorous subjects. No wonder the re- flected lights in my mind are sombre instead of dappled -- It is important that we had hash for dinner - im- portant because if we had not had hash we should have been forced, perhaps, to leave home x (I can see that it cheers me to go in even tho it be to emerge at the dim lights and look gloomy in the face of luxury.) But, as before, it is nice to get back to our own quiet little home - it may be because it is so peaceful but I truly believe we love it here because it is our own - and, for the time, our own home.

-- FOREVER. Tuesday November 9, 1914 A beautiful clear calm day! Something almost un- known in this hell-hole where we are situated. The view out our door might almost be across the Polar Sea. The southwest gale has piled the ice up in long rough ridges, which are again broken here and there until the result is chaos (with a large K). Inci- dentally Joe is planning to start for Kerki tomorrow. I seized the opportunity of this calm day to add another layer of coal bags and kindling wood to the roof of our remarkable shed. I have great faith in this little shanty, and today I prophesize that in three weeks we would be snug as a bug when the snows had been banked about us. Tank came out about 2:00 p.m. Jerome + I started back with him. On hearing that the dinner at Etel was to include poor Jerome, felt the temptation too strong in that particular weakness in his morality-- morality isn't just the word but it somehow adds a touch to this description of our paint-like existence. Hal came out about that time and joined me at dinner on the Island. Tonight the full moon was suddenly obliterated by a renewal of the southerly wind and drifting snow. I made haste to put a few more touches on the shed in the hope of keeping it from the snow out. We have dogs with us all the time. I have concluded that this is a sign of true love as they get nothing to eat here.

Wednesday November 4, 1917 The snow storm seems to have stopped yester-day only to catch its breath. Last night the south wind and drifting snow commenced again in earnest and continued until tonight when it seems to be as harden than ever. We are enjoying the gradual disappearance of the little hut under its warm covering of snow. The ugly patch work of tin and dirty canvas is gradually giving way to a beautiful white winter coat. Mac waited us up about eleven this morning. According came in at the same time and asked me for Jot's harpoon, which, he said, Jot had stolen from him. I gave the old man his stick but added nothing as we are tired of having him show up just at meal time, and he is a nuisance in other ways. Mac said that two of the men wanted to go after walruses so that he decided not to go with them to Verkh as he had planned. I expect that no one got away as the weather was not good and the ice no less than finnish. This afternoon I walked up the final mile above Dog Island. The drifting snow made the day very dark and I picked my way by keeping close to the shore where I could find occasional spots which were recognizable. We had a very good dinner out of some of the carbon meat and some dried potatoes. We had part of a quarter and are economizing to make it last as long as possible.

-- FOREVER 183 Thursday November 5 - 1924 Tonight the Storm seems finally to have thrown itself out, the moon has come out full and bright making the night brighter than our shady twilight x There is no wind, which is a hard warning before the NE demons drive down the storm tomorrow. Our house is so warm, with the snows around it, that we have burned very little coal today. I tried to perfunate (as it were) the corners at the back of the house by throwing water on it - if I could get a good layer of ice above the snows the NE winds would not be so apt to wear it away. I walked up the Fiord this afternoon enjoying one of the few calm spells we ever have. On my return I met Hal near the Island. He consented to eat dinner with us and we treated him to some of the ham he so kindly boiled for us x Company in our lonely little house adds a great deal of cheerfulness x So usual me put out all lights and took a short nap after dinner x This is a very nice custom, (I think - indolente that I am) For we open the Storm door and the light plays on our ceiling in a peculiar way that seems to soothe the irritation of being alive -- and sometimes just living is pretty wretched x But, be that as it may, we are not dead yet by some ways -

184 Joy Friday November 6 - 1914 clear and calm air beautiful with full moon and stars out throughout the day x It was a great pleasure to see the smoke rise straight up from the chim- ney. The usual sight is a train of sparks dashed from the thin whirled chimney gas as the wind were afraid some time would be lost in getting by x Jerome went to Fish immediately after breakfast in order to get some films. Our moon is just north of the house and should make a very pretty picture x The calm weather allowed a snap shot to be taken x I went out at moon and met Jerome coming back with Almywack and Mac. I walked quite a long ways up the Firsd. On my return Mac had gone but Almywack had her fat limbs now punched me on the dental chair. She was as fascinating as ever - which isn't very fascinating. Jerome told me that Mac had found some discrepancy in the spring sights x I went in at once to find out if I had given him anything wrong. I had picked out a distance too small for the observed position of our last camp. Almywack walked in with me. She had a very hard time with her short legs and round body, and could keep up with me only by clinging to my arm x The moon was very bright and she looked quite attractive with a fresh finger above her black hair x I pretended it was a winter night at home and found the three miles almost too short. These nights are exquisite!

--FOREVER. 185 Saturday November 7 - 1914 Clear and cool (-10°=) with light breeze from NE. I made a very pleasant discovery today with regard to the weather at the Joy Foreman. I took my usual walk up the Flord about two hours of studying, when I left the house and when I returned there was almost no wind. But in the Ford and particularly above Dog Island the hills were breathing heavily across the ice and the snow was flying as in the old days. I have great hopes now that we shall not have the continual hard winds as at Etah but only the light freezes which do not petrify one's unprotected nose and cheeks... I suffer principally because my nose is of an inquisitive length and reaches out an unreasonable distance. It was frosted and excruciatingly tender for about twenty successive days last spring. Tank came out today driving his remarkable team of puppies. I say 'remarkable' because it is the least spite- ful epithet that can be applied to anything so abominable as a team of untrained esquimo dogs. Old dogs are bad enough but they usually at least try to proceed in one direction. But young dogs -- well no kind of brain could develop very highly in six months. Jenson ran the engine today for charging the bat- teris. As there was no hitch in proceeding this was an atmosphere of peace that is always very grateful to my innate desire for it. I am as interested as usual in chemistry, short-hand, and evolution -- but I would like ten minutes with a certain Dicky, Jr.

186 Sunday November 8, 1917. Sunny and dark. I intend to make no more prophecies or observa-tions concerning future weather; it is a mystery and a most illogical one at that - that is to me who at present doesn't care greatly what weather does come. Jerome and I went in according to schedule, we arrived in time to enjoy an argument; I mean a dispute x The subject happened to be the Cook-Pole-Party morsel; a tasty one it is to some. But at each sub-ject and topic are of minor importance x The vital incentives and objectives of the daily disputes are indigestion (mental and physical) and personal entities x At least such is my private and unexpressed opinion - may proceed simply because I value it more highly than I put it to the passions of the fighting fours or the chilling indifference of the Philosophers - There! I am getting on dangerous ground x I can do better; the puppits knew me which helps always, The children smiled the real smiles of real children - That which is next to sunshine in the world's beauty; and Phdaka-chiquah poured some new woes into my sympathetic ear. Indeed, Wallace must speak some truth when he says we do not progress x These uncultured and really uncivil-ized people act almost instinctively in ways we think pre-culic to our own state of dumb parents along far higher lines. And I played the Victrola x

-- FOREVER. Monday November 4th 1917 Same as yesterday - except colder (-10½) There is no kind of philosophy that will prove an antidote for the first few minutes following a night in any stuffy atmosphere. I decided that this morning when I lowered my soggy limbs from the branch at Etah, if the old explorers lived then anything like that their security was but an excuse for criminal neglect or suicidal ignorance. I dimly remember that breakfast included another talk-fest or orthopraxial conflict (whatever that may mean precisely) but I was too absorbed in my own anticipations to be impressed by any valuable information that might have been produced. For today we return to our own little home. When we arrived and built a nice talkative fire, which necessitated stirring up a number of prune and other familiar odors, a sense of contentment suddenly seized me. I think the suddenness was real too for my attitude had been 'six long days before next Sunday'. This pleasant sensation is not a new thing but I have been attaching it to the novelty of our isolation. Now then came a suspicion in to my mind that perhaps I am on the trail of that elusive fairy, the Solution of my life. There is bodily comfort and its corollary health, for such is our existence. My days here contain work, exercise and recreation in orderly arrangements. I can think with peace of mind and body; a divine combination that is too. I have my books and I have not the world. Perhaps — ........

188 Joy --- Mae's 40th Birthday. Tuesday November 10-1914 -10 deg. A beautiful day except that we had a sw gale blowing, and drifting snow, and low black clouds. Jerome has hit upon a new system. He has not taken me into his confidence concerning the particular advantages of it but I'm most sure my positive voice demands a rising hour somewhere in the early morning - last night I was scarcely well started on an automobile tour thru -the Berkshires when I came to with a startling sense that someone was studying at our table. The 'system' was on. My new 'system' is improving a little x I am now practicing a bit every day at the landing tray; and I have added psychology to my p.g. course in general science - Mae's birthday came about with this date. I believe that he is 40 years old. On Sunday it claimed that he was 40 but that statement was assailed and annihilated by some of his disputative companions. While we were sitting at supper (or dinner) we heard dogs outside; Sammy and Jinnie entered with a whole box-full of good things - Mae's contribution to our appreciation of the day. We had a white fruit cake, candy, honey, syrup, ginger ale, soda, chopped beef, - and four fine cigars x (I believe that Jerome really admired my abstinence from tobacco when he saw the cigars.) I had almost forgotten that such things existed. The wind is howling tonight and the 'Joy Forever' is snuggling down under the snow.

-- FOREVER. Wednesday November 11-1914. The admirable weather continues. We are feasting off the birthday box that came out yesterday. Really should have come visitors to entertain with our good things but even Jane and Tanky are not glad to come out in such weather as this. It is a most discouraging combination for walking that I have ever known. The wind is almost unbearable; the snow is blinding, and the darkness and rough ice combine to prevent him successive steps without a stumble. Sometimes when the Arctic is like this I have a feeling of general resentment not against the cold or dark or wind but against the whole aggregation of violence. It seems as tho this country was not meant for man but as a kind of warehouse for the storage of all unpleasant things which the Creator wished man to be free. In other words if we do dislike it we have no business to complain for it is our own proud mastery of earth-mastering that leads us away from green fields and the thrushes. The south west corner of our house is a regular shrine for this cold wind & Comfort is almost out of the question. But we know that the prevailing weather, i.e. with wind N.E., the big snowbank behind us will protect the house. One of the black puppies is here alone. He seems very lonely and bawls dismally every now and then. We have not had much of this morn an account of the continuous thaws weather.

190 Thursday November 12 1914 Gentle N E breeze, clear with fog and (-10° -10°) haze in the SW. Jerome worked for a long time on the new bite this afternoon although it was colder than the below zero he managed to sew on all of the pants, what I think is an example of true heroism. I started my 2nd but the wind was so chilly that I swung down behind the first island. I fol- lowed the sledy tracks and found the walking very toler- able even where the trail led me up on the ice point. I met Oddie and Katherine about an hour to visit some of Becomes Chinquah's fox traps. They told me that Dan- chinquah and Revolution were in at Etalo having just arriving from Eloodihanni. Cobboyah and Aklis are both gone North without having gotten any game. We had a very good dinner with a little of the Caribou meat we can still scrape off the bone we got some time ago, as we were finishing that, offered carrying a lantern, I suppose that he had suddenly felt as the he must get out, as a man does sometimes, and the lantern and our house proved the solution. I am beginning to see sense in Jerome's scheme. Since I turn in between 2nd & 3rd AM and he is up by 5th AM we have a fire through the 24 hrs. We are burning less coal since the snow came to banks up the house.

-- FOR EVER. Friday November 13, 1914 Our old brawler is with us again. (Earl?) Last night I went out at midnight x The black sky sharpened as my eyes first the inside lights - Arcturus unblinking red and blue lead me to a faint glow above the ice-cap. From the glow there ran a band, then a curtain, and then the whole brilliance of the aurora that bring in gentle waves across the sky x Even as I looked the milk-white borders coming and changed, whirled and fluttered x A motion flashed across and burst, a very rocket of stars x The Arctic night, the real arctic night is divine in its radiance - but it is very, very lonely. This morning Jerome dragged me from dream-land into another tempest of driving snow and heavy dullness of those aimless days. I was very sleepy too for all the time I had been asleep x I think perhaps that days with easy work and no discussion - not even that of looking out a window - are more tiring than any times of hard but friend-filled hours. But the harder the lesson, the less one profits - and I am fearing, memory-ing, may even is it cut into me, that one thing else is necessary to life besides food and drinks - but that is ....... Max and Dan visited us today x Clem and Rockbottum arriving by sledges at the same time. It starts for home this tomorrow; and Max is really - I think - going for our mail x That is a very pleasant sentence to write, for it suggests the idea that I may have a letter, which is the next best thing to luck.

192 Saturday November 14, 1917 -10° Calm, Cloudy and Dark. Tank appeared while we were eating breakfast and invited me to go down with him to visit his fox traps. We had a very pleasant walk except for the few rough places and got back in about three hours. On our way back we saw the fresh tracks of a single moose on the islands. Hammershaim came along with the news that Eck and Messing were out left for Comox. Tank stayed for dinner. We did not have anything more delicate than beans and dried apples, but we appreciated having him with us. The engine performed for the company by freezing up and then refusing to run. Finally some spoke so hardly to it that something had to happen. I was very glad that what did happen was that the engine finally ran. Another week has slipped by and tomorrow we go in for Sunday dinner and the Vahola & Sven Olsen giving me a bear and then you will get away with our mail. I believe that all of us will feel much happier when we know that our letters are on their way to those who are longing for news of each man here. It seems too bad that they must wait this bliss winter when the delay was in no way necessary. The temperature out here averages several degrees colder than at the house.

- Far Eye 193 Sunday November 15, 1914. Fair and calm x While we were cleaning up after breakfast Parish- fah and Ahthukangwah arrived with their team and paid us a visit x They always enjoy looking at the electric lights and Jerome usually has some be- wildering information to offer this childlike qualli- bility x About noon we went to stay and dressed up for the Sunday dinner, To our great pleasure Hal was chef and lived up to his reputation by serving a magnificent earbon roast and four kinds of pie x He holds a very high place in our esteem - speaking of Jerome & me I course - with his constant catering to our respective appetites. I played a few million records on the violinola and worked a same copies of Life for the thousandth time x At meal time was an argument in progress at the time I arrrived and con- sequently fit was somewhat hangs x Whatever the trouble was about got worn - as per routine x Hal is preparing to go south and repair to clean tomorrow for Sylvolihami (or Verki) with Asfuddy shes. Ahduhkingwah's baby is growing fast. We We's boy is fat and very white. Oh, he has a little girl according to rumors x

194 Monday November 16-1917 High N E winds - very -10 clear. Tank and Jerome entertained us with a song service this morning x Hal and Gaffdy- shao left after breakfast x [illegible] and Clem went with them x Hal is going to dig up a dead woman at Verbi - district I believe in Technical name in ghoulery x Then with G- puddy shao's help - so G. says - he will saw the lady in half and obtain a section of the cancer which put an end to her misery x The trouble was in the pelvic region and therefore require a difficult action of the frozen body x About noon Jerome and I headed for the Joy Foreman carrying our batch of bread and a news supply of books. Now that I am reading a - good deal of psychology and evolution combined with my explosive chemistry and other studies I find that the subject matter is too heavy for really rapid pro- gress. I am glad that for the supply of reading material must not give out before the time is up x I effect to spend more time on wireless and short hand prac- tice now that my sight reading has become exhausted leaving me with no division whatever x The Northwest wind is blowing about us tonight but we have a good tank of snow behind us as a protecting wall x

-- FOR EVER Tuesday, November 17, 1914 x Clear with high N E winds -10° Jennie did not feel very well last night and admitted to me this morning that he suspected Hal's pies x Perhaps it is best for us both that we forgot to bring out the mince pie which was made for us x I adjust that my internal fittings were somehow disturbed by its same visit judging from the extraordinary dream I had before I finally awoke today x Altho there were no clouds, it was very dark at noon today. The stars were out in full force and only a faint red glow on the southern horizon remind ed me that Dr. Tony's was full of sunshine x I thought of his office in connection with our little window pretty about 1"x8" while he has a tremendous one measuring they try feet where we have inches. That he can see trees! The black puppy seems to like our place as he stays here most of the time x I think he must be starving. It is getting very thin, this wee have nothing to give him x We keep house very economically for our own supply is limited x The wind was so unpleasant today that I went over to my cracks in the rocks for my walk x Then I have shelter part of the time x I was surprised to see that the ice was being broken up by this north wind, and already there is open water at Sunrise Point and extending in a SSW line x

Wednesday November 18-1914 Clear with high X = wind -10° The house suffered assault and battery throught last night x off back shroob and the combined uproar kept me oscillating between Terror of night terrors and a vague apprehension that the roof might lean us at any minute x The wind is taking it's kindly an interest in our private affairs - It is prying into every corner of our room and even went as far as to pry under my blankets one or twice in the night x I must be getting thin blooded or anemia or some- thin g that kind as I have been cold for two days x In fact the only time I am very warm is when I am out walking x then the blood starts and my mind comes to shake off its vagueness until I commence to feel normal once more x Joe came out about noon x The men at the house are planning a party for Thanksgiving x By that time the sliding parties will be back from the earth and we expect some visitors besides x We had a very light hike this morning, the water came almost to our front door x Joe said that the barometer was falling rapidly x I suppose that we may have another northerly blow upon then heavy north winds x More snow will help our house x The snow from the trail doesn't seem to shift our way x

--FOREVER 197 Thursday November 19-1914 Cloudy with light wind and rains -8° I took my newly came up to our front door step this morning. With a few blues and so ice I believe that we should get wet. Tand and [illegible] accompanied me arrived at breakfast time and had a bite with us. [illegible] just brought as a present of a very nice piece of carbon meat on which our mouths are always watering. This evening we had almost a real party while we were eating dinner two farmers drove up and seemed to be accompanied by a whole tribe of squirrels and dogs. [illegible] from [illegible] explained that he wished a picture of each of the women, [illegible], and [illegible], then a group picture. There were six of the young people beside the women. After the picture taking was over they all looked at my model pictures and then quarreled for nuts with my little race track game. When the crowd went further turned on the string of lights outside, the falling snow under the brilliant light was very beautiful. [illegible] is wrestling with algebra and I am following out my usual routine. I walked on the island today as the icefoot was so near from the high tide. Our visitors made today seem very short.

Friday, November 20 -1914 Cloudy with snow & no wind. Today was by no means eventful x when June finally got me out of my bunk. This morning I was rather sorry to be alive in such a dark and cheerless world. But somewhere between my left banish and my right under sack I set eyes upon an splendid and wittle specimen of ducks whets's head. This man more dempeping over a nice hot stove x. Just to make sure I doing my duty by June's efforts, I went out and played with our usual visitors in numerous dips that insist on staying. I agree with Ride in the importance of eating not entirely to live but because it is a pleasant and sociable break in the best of days. We both took a walk this afternoon. It was so dark that I had to take a lantern over the ice just with me x. I must have covered 8 or ten miles as I went nearly to the head of the island. We had our usual wrestling matches, June with his Pychka and I with my various volumes x tonight we had quite a talk x As a rule we do not bother each other much with any kind of conver- sation; in this resure the change seemed quite in contrast with our usual quiet. We have burned way little coal this week. We hate to see it go fast as there is considerable difficulty in getting coal out.

-- FOREVER 199 Saturday November 21 - 1914 Snowing & windy - +° Another week shut in the fatal spot! Jerome had the engine started before break- fast this morning. Everything went well in the day's run I am glad to say for Jerome's sake as well as that of the engine and batteries. Gas and tank appeared about noon. They looked pretty sorry after a long walk into the tooth of the wind and driving snow. It is very nice that the men coming out from the house have a place to stop and warm up. I walked up to Dog Island intending to go up the Ford, but I found the weather so miser- ably dark and windy that I returned. Walking is a real effort on such days. The darkness makes all rough ice dangerous and the wind or snow takes away what little pleasure there may be in thinking while midway - for what man can exercise his brain with the condition of such bodily torture as these biting winds produce. We made some biscuits in the oven tonight. They were very good for a change. I can scarcely believe that this month is three quarters gone. I suppose keeping very regular hours and having plenty of work all day is at the bottom of this pleasant drifting of the days.

200 Sunday, November 22-1914. Clear with SE wind. -15° We both decided this morning that we could not go in Sunday mornings before we did a little studying. This seems a strange thing to say in view of the fact that means of ten chafing at the tediousness of the days. But when one considers the work one should like to cover, the months seem all too few. About one o'clock Jerome started in and I followed a little later. Just as I left the Island the wind commenced to come in gusts. Up the Fjord I saw the low fog of drifting snow and I knew trouble was ahead. In a few minutes I was head down in a another of blinding drifts. It is my habit I suppressed all the profane eloquence at my command and cursed the wind for spoiling the divine whileration of calm color in this wild country. And even 10° below with wind is misery when quiet at any place up to sixty is not at all unpleasant. We had our usual Sunday feast topping off with mince pie. Since I am in the habit of staying up late I could not sleep until after four in the morning. I enjoyed a long and beautiful concert. This evening, the others, I think, endured rather than enjoyed.

Monday November 23, 1914 After about three hours of very unpleasant sleep I climbed out of the thick air above my bunk and into a good breakfast of scrambled eggs. I intended to sleep some more today but decided to go out to the Island for my mail. Man has asked Jerome and me to spend the week in here. We both hate to miss the time which we fill at the Joy Forum; and the crowd at headquarters are very annoying to us who are accustomed to the profound quiet of our electric-lighted study corner. But after all we are glad to be able to help when we can and the little home out there will seem all the nicer when we get back to it. The lights in here bother my eyes after the brightness of our electric illumination. Hal came back tonight. He had a profitable visit at Kerbi where he dug up the dead woman and saved her in this. He brought back a mid-ship section for the purpose of microscopic study of her cancer. Akduka linguist was sick today but Jot brought her around by a series of treatments varying between hot whiskey toddies and ginger tea. Jerome is doing a lot of printing for me. We are very fortunate in being able to send home pictures of our life up here. This has been printed on other expeditions -- unjustly, I think.

Thursday, November 24, 1917. Cloudy with SW wind & snow. I broke the watch last night which means rising at midnight and cooking breakfast & dinner following. I was very sleepy and found cooking peculiarly exasperating. I have not used our pantry for nearly three months and found that everything had been changed about. I drove out to the Island this morning with Otto. She now are going up to Little Ton Island after meat and a cross bar is necessary. Hal gave me the sad news today that the dogs had broken in and eaten his cancer specimen from the dead woman at Kushi. These dogs will eat anything! Last night I got so sleepy that I turned in immediately after dinner. By midnight I was slept out. I came down into a room full of argument concerning the relative merits of strawberry short cake and chicken pot-pie. As a result when I came to write some verses for a song to be sung at the entertainment next week I could think only of delicacies. My lyrics were less pastoral than delicatessen. I will be very glad to get back to the Island time if my feet do freeze under the table and we can have only two things for dinner. The quiet out there & the opportunity for real work are very, very nice thing indeed.

Wednesday, November 25, 1914. Clear and pleasant with N E wind -12° The weather remains pleasantly warm and walking is something of a joy now that the moon has come back. Tank and I are busy getting ready for the entertainment which is to be held on Thanksgiving. We had a dress rehearsal in his room tonight. It's two acts in which we are to perform. T-Tot who is to undergo a fake operation has been shifting the matrons with weird and terrifying descriptions of his coming ordeal. In fact they have shown such sympathy that we are almost afraid that the audience will leave at the appearance of T-Tot on the operating table. Last year when Hal amputated Phibis' wife's toe they all lost their nerve and cleared out. Tank will be 38 years old tomorrow. Tonight at midnight we woke him up and wished him many happy returns. He decided to come down for something to eat which brought Joe out with a bottle of port wine. We drank his health in real 'licker's.' It seems very hard to keep straightened out in sleeping at the house here. The water coming every few days means a whole night and part of the following day up. Consequently one must sleep in the daytime and consequently get turned so that there is no real regularity of eating or sleeping.

204 THANKS 33d BIRTHDAY E T . . . > THANKSGIVING < Thursday, November 26, 1914. Clear sky pleasant with NE wind. -14° We expected El today as the weather is good and the moon has returned. But when dinner was ready there was still a vacant place. I walked out to the island in order to work my an appetite for the great feast just was preparing. The thermometer showed -17½° but thin air and no wind made it very crisp & pleasant. I got back in time to shave & dress up in a white linen shirt & waist coat. I felt very civilized when one took a flashlight of me. I at was an watch last night and put in his time cooking today's dinner. The leading feature of the feast was a magnificent dish of roast partridge which we had saved for the occasion. There were several green vegetables from our dehydrated truck farm and the dessert was apropos of the season. I believe that we had mince, apple & squash pies with plum pudding as ballast. The smokers followed the stuffing with cigars. I am very pleased to find that I am gaining weight rapidly in here. I have lost nearly 5 lbs out at the island & I imagine that the greater variety of the meat which we have in here are the cause of my improvement. The whole village came in for a junk after dinner tonight. Games and fruit cake followed.

Friday November 27, 1914 Clear & pleasant with N E wind x -12° Last night I saw the bath tub for the first time since last July. Jerome joined in the game with such violence that he could not cool off except by bathing x He insulted me by the evening's performance by a wrestling match with Hecates dingus x The air got pretty thick towards the end x Etc and the expected visitors have not yet ar- rived either the weather and moonlights are of the best for travelling. This afternoon I walked out to the Island and brought some ice into the house x As I hope that we can be back there next week x Jerome & my fat are both sick today. I expect they had too much Thanksgiving x I got done my four year fright And turned it over to Ah-dink-a Hingwah for repair. The holes & the feet of my bands are pretty well gone x She glacia work seemed to have been hard on four years x Jerome has very kindly given me his sheepskin booteas for the spring trip x Mine is about worn out x I have some new bear skin breeches which Helliotes made in the summer x Altogether I have a pair Start trunks being ready when the time comes x It is very pleasant to think that in a little more than three weeks the sun will start back to us x

206 Saturday, November 28, 1914. High NE winds: Clear - 13° I have forgotten to record that our Thanksgiving morning I had the heel of my left foot frozen. This is the first trouble I have had as far as any feet are concerned. Just before I started I walked behind the stove where Dee Lee was washing the floor. I got my hands wet. By the time I had reached the upper end of the wind the water had gotten thru my stockings and I suddenly realized my danger. I ran all of the way back to the house but not in time to save my heel. One cannot be too careful in this country. I was on watch all night and cooked today. I made a batch of very good mince pies – at least Hal said they were, and he is from the mince-pie region. This afternoon Tandi and I walked out to the Island. The wind was in an hysterical mood now breathing gently from the north and again descending with a tempestuous suddenness and force that made our return a long fight. Tat is not feeling very well. I think it is the irregularity of the life in here that is troubling and stirring up his comfort; just as it seems to tell in one way or another on the rest of the crowd. Kalaminyak, one of Obboyah's dogs, appeared yesterday with a hole thru her shoulder. The natives say that Oobkyah tried to kill her. Parishpha and Khtubanyak left yesterday for home.

207 Sunday November 29 1914 High x E winds; Clear x - 11.0° In fact the wind is not only high, but wide and thick, and stronger than a man can stand except between gusts x I went out to the Island, or rather was blown out, and arrived in a fuffy x I found that the wind has commenced to wear away the snow at the back of the house x On the other sides the drifts are getting deeper and deep x I practiced a little on the key but my fingers soon got cold and I started in x The three Willie pups came in with me. I was glad to have the black one again as I believed that he had not caught in a trap x Dooley Phlio found him down at Cape Alexander near one of the meat caches x The trip home was a long tussle against the buffets of the icy blast sweeping out of the throat of the Fiord x The full moon rolled along the plateau above us and in its lonely brightness the rushing snow filled wind poured over the cliff-tops a perfect Niagara of snowy mist x Hal is cooking today to our great joy. At breakfast we revelled in the most delicious tubed steaks we have had x Smothered in onions, lute, Juicy and sweet, the meat was fit for a king x I am writing for me an account of the trip I made last spring back over the glacier with the air.

Monday November 21, 1914. Clear night light NE wind - 12 Dank and I walked down towards Cape Alexander today in hopes of seeing a party from the south. The day was perfect for walking with a brilliant full moon and very little wind. The men about the place go away nearly every day visiting their meat caches or trips. The supply of valuable meat at the house has become exhausted. Tom is very excited looking with his beard trimmed from his chin and the side whiskers in a- hip. He became greatly excited at dinner yester-day over the subject of the Pilgrim Monument at Provincetown. He insisted that it was the tallest one in the country. Since we could find no printed evidence to the contrary, he won the argument. Jerome has undertaken to cook dinner today and in consequence there is considerable excitement and a cer-tain familiar claim of profanity in the neighborhood of the party. He would rather do anything than cook and therefore has never been able to work up the least enthusiasm over the job. Joe and Hal have both had full length sleeping bags made and the women are sewing on their other garments. I do not believe either man is going to any hard work before spring but it pays to have all sewing done as soon as possible.

Tuesday, December 1, 1914* Clear with light N = wind. Another month slipped by Thank God !.... I say that principally because I hate this con- fined life oo. I am with the pleasure of books and luxury at the house my the crowd all together I do not believe this have their best taste where one must stay indoors or else walk in the dark cut by this miserable wind and muffled by any kind of useful sights, two months more now and then there will be sufficient light for long excursions all about etch, and before we know what has happened the sun will be peeking up. The full moon is of course a wonderful addition. The first is, or seems almost as bright as in daylight. Tank and I walked down the coast again. We cannot find a better place for walking as this is rough in everywhere out- side the Ford (and inside - well if there were a concrete pavement it would have no attraction when this vile wind commenced to parade upon it. I am having such fun writing for you-- an account of my oil trip last spring that I have struck it out to quite a length. The plea- sure of writing lies to a certain degree in the shaping of sentences and the composition as a whole, but from there is always a kind of invincation that comes by an imagination stimulated by the demand upon it into a perfect orgy of old scenes and new ones birth from them.

Wednesday December 2, 1914. Cloudy with SW wind x +7 Last night about midnight Hal and I took a short tramp to the Island. The night was calm and moonlit, the stars have by almost faded from sight in the softly bright light. A gentle south wind sprang up while we were out and to the south we could see a zone of high cirrus streamers pointing to some kind of disturbance below the horizon x There was no open water in sight but in the Sound. But a few days ago I could see the edge of the ice not more than a mile from the Joy Forever. But considerable drift must have come up with this change of weather. Today was dark and thick with a very marked rise in temperature. It is gives one a bit of homesick feeling to have a warm south breeze on a cheek that only yesterday was snapped by a bitter arctic wind x Now Hal, Torch & Jor are carrying out a cribbage tournament ... for the championship of the Polar North I suppose. At any rate they seem to find considerable excitement in it. But when one has no pampered desires for entertainments and extravagant amusement simpler things mean more. There is analogy in this to the appetite for good and simple food that comes to those fortunate people in the world who have stuff to desire to chow x

A H. 211 Thursday December 9, 1941 Cloudy with starry sky wind NW / SW x +12° That we are back in our Toy Forum - it - night I write in peace &y in comfort under a good light while all about me there is ---- silence; and I do listen with pleasure to the dispute going on outside between the hysterical wind and our spattering the steadfast little house. last night, I finished up the visiting I was doing for Jane and today I was cook x In order that we might leave the home well filled I prepared a very excellent dinner. The corned roast was fit for a king and we top put off with two kinds of dessert x I must not leave out the hot rolls and the cranberry sauce which did their part to make us happy. -Joe told me some new stories - true ones of course - and I laughed until I hurt inside of me. We did our best to persuade him to walk out with us after dinner and he really went so far as to put on his clothes and start with his Labrador whip but when the wind commenced to push and pull and be rough in general he lost heart and left us near The Point. Hal is worried over a slight dropical or puffed condition of his ankles. He noticed this only day after his trip to Nishi and expected it to go away after he had rested. But then seems 't be too cheap. It seems scarcely possible that any of us could have scurvy with the splendid diet we have.

Friday December 4th 1914 Clear with light breeze South +5° Today was as near perfect as a winter day could be. There was almost no wind and what there was did not interfere with walking or working - and the big mirror was still with us. I found that I could not commence my studying at the same forced pace at which I left off. I shall have to get into the swing of the work again. Jesse worked all day on his weather piping in preparations for tomorrow's run. He was fortunate to have such pleasant weather - How say it is to talk about the weather! But what else is there to talk about? My thoughts are mostly on sky reading; philosophy, explosives, evolution etc. with a few dreadful anticipations of stiff collars and silk hats in the day or soon to come. Yes something new occurred today: I cooked some prunes. Heel came out this evening and spent several hours with us reading and talking. I treated him to a saucerful of the prunes which he was kind enough to appreciate. He brought news except of a new argument. The debate was over this interesting and in-structive subject: 'Proved that a man at the center of the earth always looks North (so long as his eyes are open)!!!' Neither Ed nor our men are back from the south -

FOR EVER. Saturday December 6, 1914. Partly cloudy with light airs from N = Temp 0°. Another week shot in its fatal spot × I had a Saturday night opera by having supper alone, taking a nap afterwards and then working out some of Fermi's Algebra problems. He did not feel well and went to bed before supper × I had rather an enipid day today but first nights was gay enough to make up for it. So far as I can remember I spent most of it riding behind a fore- and-aft (tandem) rig in a beautifully shiny carriage × I had on a new and well-fitting morning coat with a white striped tie about a very high collar. My silk hat I wore upon my knees while I bowed to left and right as I met every one I have ever known in my life × There was a great deal of sunshine and then were white lilacs on every hand except when I reached a certain place — and then I saw none, only white laurel was everywhere!!! Needles to say I took a walk today × This warm weather is remarkable × Were we in Wisconsin or in that neighborhood I am sure the cold would be at least as bad + probably a great deal worse × The Nellie pups live with us as usual × I can't understand why They like this place × While I was out this afternoon I sang all of the old football song over again × They sounded pretty sweet now in my crunty voice.

214 E+ah Sunday December 6, 1914. Clear and pleasant with it's breeze. +2° Jerome got up very early and started the engine. This was the first opportunity we have had for a run in the past few weeks. I suppose that the bat- terin felt the need of a little bracer after this starva- tion. They are a great help and we do not half appreciate our light until we get in to the house and have to put up with the dim and wretchedly sm- lude lamps x After a walk up the road I went to the house and cleaned up for dinner x The meal was, as is usu- al with these Sunday affairs, a feast. About seven o'clock Jerome by train went to the island for the night while I remained at Etah in order to make a supply of bread. Elk and his camping pals arrived at nine. Butte had left them at Cape Parry having sent a note to me con- cerning the trip to Hennipit x Peter's household broke this year ice and everything as it was wet. 150 lbs of sugar for us was spilt and a bundle of sweaters and shirts was so wet that the colored yarnes ran x According to Peter England, France and Russia have decided to back Japan against the U.S. (I do not believe that), Secretary Bryan has resigned, an army of 300,000 volunteers was raised in two weeks, and the Mexican rebels have combined with the revolutionists to clean up the U.S. ! !! I ha heard pity bad but I suspect that Peter's feeling against th is true in the [illegible]

Joy FOREVER. 215 Monday December 7 - 1914 Partly cloudy, light breeze. + 2° As usual. There's while I am at Etah, I could not sleep last night. I came out immediately after breakfast bring my a saddle of caribou, a tin of marasquino and four big lumps of bread. I am so thin that I did not get hot. I turned in at once and slept until 8 o'clock this evening. I cooked something to eat and was cleaning up when Ah-duk-hing-wah appeared with her baby on her back. She said that she had started out for a walk and just happened to come here - which sounds feminine enough. I entertained her with some prunes and she in-tained me with various family troubles, a habit of hers. She said that Ah-no-kat (Sammy) didn't like him and told her so every day; and that she wished she didn't have Peter (her baby); and that she was very unhappy etc. etc. I suppose that some people would find these tales of mine very boring, but I get the human pleasure out of them. She never repeats, never has the same sorrow two days in succession; and whatever the tragic circumstances may be she relates them with such wide-eyed pathos that I involuntarily sympathize and thereby stimulate the fountain of sorrow to the extent of leaving me such a stock of human interest as can amuse me for days afterward. I walked in a ways with her about mid-night. She became very tired and threw herself face downward in the snow. Peter ate my eye shade & a lump of coal!

216 Tuesday December 8, 1914. Family cloudy, calm - 4°. I hibernated at 6:00 AM today and did not wake up until Tank arrived about 2:30 P.M. He brought the news that Mrs. has decided to celebrate Christmas on the 21st and really seems to be going to get away as soon as the snow arrives about the 23rd. Tank will get a team at Hermine's traveling with Ethel above on the way south. I did not walk today but went around on the north side of the Island and tried to build a small snow igloo. I worked nearly three hours but finally became thoroughly disgusted with my efforts. I intend to start again in a new place and profit by the mistakes I realized today. I shall probably never be able to make a good igloo unless we stay another year but it would be very convenient to be able to put up some kind of shelter if I were ever caught in a storm away from the Esquimaux. The move is going fast - In a day or two we shall be in the darkest part of the Arctic winter. When these next two weeks shall have gone we shall be on the home stretch towards light and spring and summer - And - The ships - Time is flying; we can scarcely believe it, but somehow the days and weeks get away. I can write shorthand now, which is something as a souvenir of the Joy Forever.

FOREVER. Wednesday December 9th 1914 Clear & calm - 8°s I really am undecided just what I ought to write for this day. After midnight yesterday I studied until 4 o’c this morning. I was about to eat a dish of prunes before turning in when I heard a great commotion outside, a confusion of cries and howls which made me think that a pack of wolves had descended upon us from the black hills. Of course it was the Etah pack, the Vanguard, it turned out, & Hal and Joe. Jerome woke up and we had a round of prunes followed by a talk before our open fire (as we call our stove with its door open.) When the visitors left I wrote some short hand to settle my mind. Unluckily this tranquility was ruined by a book upon which I chanced as I put my “Gregg’s Method” on the shelf. The disturber of my peace was a detective story, the second I have seen since our arrival. I read the first page, the first chapter. And then in my weakness I ran breathless & thrilled, but withal highly aroused, thru more than four hundred bloody pages of plot and counter plot, revenge, misery, life, death, and - of course - love, followed by happiness over after. I did not get to bed until noon today; but I am not sorry. Such excitement is a blessing and we have pathetically little variation to our life out here. When I finished the book I dragged from poor his algebra and set him upon the trail of the murderer. I think he pursued it all day long.

Thursday December 10th 1914. Partly cloudy with light E wind - 5° This day commenced for me at 9.30 last night when I got up and had breakfast The moon was just coming up from the ice caps and made it clear as its morning were just come x I studied until nearly four o'clock when Eh and Hal arrived x This was Eb's first visit and he made it an event by bringing along a tiny behind team, a bottle of pickles and a can of fruit. Of course we opened things up and had a lunch followed by quite a talk, nihilistic to be sure, but entertaining. I went in with our visitors x At the house I washed up and collected a few books some cream & wheat etc. Of course a horde of dogs followed me out. I rather like to have them around but they must get pretty hungry out here as we very rarely have any scraps. I had my dinner when Jerome got up and had his breakfast x Jerome went in to Etah while I went on with my reading/studying. About this time last year Eh and I started on our trip across to Cape Sabine x Tank came out with Jerome the evening. She latter had his beard off and I scarcely recognized him x She brought some pictures of our Thanksgiving dinner which were very good x

FOREVER. 219 Friday December 11, 1914. Clear mist strong wind - 13. I am straightened out again: I was up this morning at four but ate dinner at our regular time this afternoon. We nearly perished in the house today. The north wind blew through our back wall and chilled even the stove for it didn't deliver warm enough to cook with any speed. I walked in it = took this afternoon: I needed some grass and more scratch paper -- that is making Eskimau's kermitish out of the heavy boards we got from Pater and with the wide 2" shins + runners. This combination will be very heavy but it should be strong enough for almost any kind of rough work. I was pleased to discover that the moon would be both with us on the 13th, only a week from Monday. And by the time it has gone, there will be some increase in the daylight. We had the moon for awhile today but at noon the darkness was total except for a very faint greenish glow in the south. The individually brilliant stars quite bright but no brightness to this endless night time. And sure how they seem only to accentuate the terrible, death like bleakness of this cold darkness; I feel at times as if I were in space, out of the world into the universe of worlds, moving like the moon with other dead bodies. Walking at such times is not a pleasure, or even an inconvenience it is a kind of brutal necessity -- necessary to me because all too soon I must start out upon a hard trip with no other training.

Saturday December 18, 1914. Clear with moderate NE winds -10° to -20° The house was very cold last night x I got up & started a fire this morning and nearly froze to death - by far bodily speaking of course for it was quite able to get away with a calor-oal breakfast shortly afterward. Ternus My wife is practicing wireless when F.B. and Joe appeared. I returned to Etah with them in order to give a stocking to Abbie for Anchorage x He will see her day after tomorrow at Ogloodchaannee for which place he was Obliging with a note tomorrow. Anchorage is going to make two pairs of mitts from her. She is a good driver and very cheerful company. Last year she worked for us but towards the end of her visit got a very bad but convenient stomach ache, which prevented her from doing more x Inalas is serving on F.B.'s sleeping bag. She is an amusing old thing and always reminds me of one of those reddish brown bananas x She has just that color and her figure is as banana-like as it can be x She has an almost terrifying look even when she smiles and at regular intervals cuts up high jinx in her attacks of pithiness. The children are all afraid of her and usually hide when she commences to chant her wild appeals to the devil and the walrus x After supper we had another spell of wireless. I am hankering for a good book to read. Somehow or other I have no appetite for psychology or evolution or explorers tonight.

-- FOREVER 221 Sunday December 13, 1940 SW wind and drifting snow x +4° I was awakened this morning by the up- rorious wind which we got from the SW. Before I could sleep again Jerome was up and after the engine - while he was ganting over his pet - we heard shouts outside and a moment later were surprised by the arrival of the new face Eth - the Espinos I mean. They had started for Dulhewddi and had almost reached the Cafe when the wind proved too much for them. Jerome hasted down to an electric shock appliance. By the wild yells they gave one would have thought that a real torture was in progress. Tank came out as we were finishing breakfast and I went back with him. To my great joy I found that Eth was cook and she lived up to my expectation when a little later he loaded the table with an excellent dinner x When we sat down Jas took another group picture of us x But Thanksgiving Eth was away and Mar's likeness was bad in that group x Today - Jo's & Jerome's beards were off but everyone was more or less dress- ed up for the occasion. These pictures will be very nice to have after we are home. Amah has something wrong with her innards. Too much stuffing I expect. Jas' 2 igloo burned up last week, i.e. she swf [illegible] canvas & grass burned off. He is mak- ing a cache of valuable things in case our house burns.

Monday, December 14, 1914. Cloudy; strong SW winds + drifting snow. -2.0° My bread was baked by one o'clock this morning. I did not wait for it to cool as I usually do but started at once for the island. Hal and Joe came with me. The former was feeling his oats so freely that he set an awful pace. In the thick darkness I stumbled time and again. The awkward bundle in my arms kept falling and slipping until I felt like throwing the whole thing away. I had put the 4 loaves of bread in a pair of wind proof trousers and tied the legs over the whole thing. There was a mess in the package when I finally stumbled into the shack. We got in some good studying today. I am practicing two hours a day regularly on the wireless and hope to make some real progress by the time we must go in to Etah for good. I started another snow house today on the other side of the island. I am pretty poor at building but I am now able to cut good blocks. In fact I cut some today that I couldn't begin to lift but had to slide them into place. After two hours of work I felt very exhilarated by the exercise and the sweating I found occasion to do when my blocks fell in. Tonight I nearly swamped Jevonne by the dinner I caribou my hands I prepared. The night to have a nightmare or so after the cargo he took on.

FOREVER. 223 Tuesday December 10, 1914. Calm, clear. Aurora 3-4 PM. -4° F. -20° Today was very pleasant except that it was only black x In the shifting of the wind (W E tonight) there came a calm which lasted almost all day long. Where there is no wind we seem to get the low temperatures which prevail down Littleton Island and Aurora. As soon as the wind breathes upon us we shine more but the thermometer always rises. Indeed the formation of auroral seems quite independent of the temperature. I tackled my snow house again today. I got along fairly easily and even succeeded in hanging a few blocks almost in mid air as do the skilful natives. When I had gotten well along I filled the house with blocks for the final layers, With magnificent awkwardness I climbed over a low place in the wall and man- aged to stumble against a 'hanging' block and down it came carrying several others with it. It is my immoral custom I assure is a conventional tone and proceeded to start to begin to build it up again. I think that snow house has an aesthetic value be- yond its overpowering beauty of structure in that it affords material for many lines in this 'tepus' diarrhoea diary I mean - of mine x. We could have had beans today but we did not! Consequently we are not so sleepy this evening. The red steller jays is starving in our front yard. I think if she Fletchurged she might get along on a little as we quite

224 Wednesday December 16, 19'4. Clear with NE wind. Damp - 15° Not 'brute and fair' but darker in all - and cold in the wind outside. It snows the glow in the earth was very faint - in fact it will not revive for a month. I had the presumption to tackle that snow house once more. I was almost ready to put the first blocks in when I zig up and lifted about half the roof off. This made a good re-fin ing for conversation and I talked to myself about myself until I be- came ashamed of myself and felt that my waking self should set about going to work again. This time I got the damn thing (the house, I mean) finished x I was so surprised that I sat down inside and looked at it for awhile x Then I ran back to the shack and made poor Tromme come out and look. I felt that I must have a witness x He almost froze but revived after a good dose of caribou stick my rice. Then he said he thought the igloo very fine. I must start another igloo or I shall have nothing to write in my Diary. (I believe I made that interesting remark yesterday.) We have had no visitors this week. I suppose the men at the house have not walked much in this darkness. We bank our fire every night nowadays. Very little coal burns and the morning jobs come much more easily. The house gets pretty cold but I sleep stripped and am very comfortable x Since I have nothing more to say I will say it:

- - FOREVER. 225 Thursday December 17, 1914 Clear with NE wind Damp - 20° The wind is, to be exact, colder than hell! We ourselves this morning, at least I did. Jerome said that he was awake a t one but it was nearly dawn before he had mustered up courage enough to get out of his warm bunk and poke up the fire. Had it been my job to resurrect that worthless ol' man we should probably have been in bed yet. While we were at breakfast Fh and Eubanks arrived with a whole sledge-load of provisions. We hailed them with delight, rhetorically speaking. But in truth we were so cold and so unbreakfasted that a whole train load of provisions should not have brought us any wild joy, unless purchases came something hot and served in a livable temperature. However we controlled our frigid + per-moist melancholy to the extent of giving them a cup of coffee after and some bacon daintily served on the top of a chocolate tin. This done we guided them to the other side of the Island concealing our purpose until they were free to face with my igloo -- of which I am proud as, what? ... oh a mother of her first baby or a father of his whiskers (before he was old enough to be a father.) My fingers are cold. (That takes up a whole line.) I must wash the dishes now and then write some short hand. That practice, the 'phonography' I mean, not the dishes, too comes t be my favorite indoor sport!

226 Friday December 18-19 '14 Clean, calm and cold. high - 31.5° Altho the temperature was low today we have been warm- er than almost any other time this fall. When the wind falls the difference in our comfort is unbelievable. This fact led me to get some snow blocks this morning and bank up the back of the house where the NE winds sneek in thru a number of creels. I also worked on both sides filling in and closing up holes. We charged the batteries this afternoon when the sun was over Toronto threw water on the snow blocks in order to form an outside layer of ice which will wear well in the wind. This evening Tank came out followed shortly afterwards by Jane and her pudding shop. I took the last two out to see my snow house. The stove ever then has smoked the inside of it is too perfectly black. This makes it seem much smaller and I felt that she it must have charms. I am afraid that my work doesn't look so charming to the others as it does to me. And that may well be since they have no idea of the number of times the walls fell in. I have picked a spot for another Darger if lost out on the ice. I intend to build it where we come out after the celebration next week. Early in the month I looked forward with some dread to these two weeks just ending because they were so dark and without anything to break the monotony and here they are about over! This is a great institution, the Joy Forever. The winter would have been pretty dull without it.

-- FOREVER 227 Saturday December 19, 1914. Dark and cloudy. -34.5 Again we are enjoying a nice warm house as the temperature dropped lower to-day than at any other time this winter. Harry thawed out his water furnace started it first thing for the vacation we intend to take in at the home next week. About two o'clock I went in to fetch the curtain. The entertainment had been planned for tonight but no preparations had been made. After dinner we set about constructing a stage. The side walls were of blankets and the back one of colored paper. We need a skirting for the curtains and F.H. made it quite attractive by pinning a large flag across the front of it, he also put flags about in other places until the whole room looked very gay. The curtain was quite complicated in that it could be drawn back and forth by strings leading out into the work shop. This pleased the employees as much as anything else in the show. In the first act the opening chorus was sung by all members of the expedition in masses. We were so convivial looking that our audience immediately set up a howl and some of the women almost had hysterics. The funny part of it really was, that the chorus itself was never heard, and, since we could not hear one another there couldn't have been much harmony.

228 Sunday December 30, 194. Cloudy and dark - 14. I will go on with the entertainment i.e. a descrip- tion of it as we did nothing t-day of importance. When the excitement aroused by the opening chorus had subsided I came out into the big room and asked for the Doctor. I tried to appear worried and remarked that Tot had something wrong with his stomach. A few minutes later we were ready to go on with the next act. The curtain rose on a kind of operating room- Hal had his instruments spread out, and in the middle of the properties lay Tot upon an operating table. I gave the lookbook then while Hal proceeded. It open up his (Tot's) abdomen and take out various things. Of course we had a dummy on the table to represent Tot while his head stuck up thru a hole and appeared to join the body at the proper place. At first the inquirers realized that this was some joke but they did not feel quite sure where reality ended and the joke began. Tot groaned very realistically from time to time, and, by means of a stick raised his or rather the dummy's leg up in the most life like manner from time to time. Finally Hal appeared to get very angry and snatch up the large breadknife from the pantry shelf proceeded to decapitate Tot. Not satisfied with this he lifted the headless body from the table and hurled it out into the audience. Jimmie almost climbed up the book case getting out of the way.

WINTER DAY Monday December 21, 1914. Cloudy and dark. High N.E. winds - 10 Today we celebrated our Christmas, Mae felt that this was a good plan because he and Tank have prepared to leave tomorrow; and furthermore this day marks the greatest distance south of us the sun will reach. Indeed it is a happy thought to realize that each hour from now on will bring the beautiful sun-shine nearer to us. The time has gone so rapidly that this winter seems nothing like so tedious as last winter was, but with all that in view our desire for the sun-shine is no less keen. I did not quite finish writing up our Vanderbiltville on Saturday. Mae entertained us with a lot of sleights of hand which I think was enjoyed more by the white men than by the Esquimaux who could not understand everything. After Mae came more singing and the whole thing was finished by a grand minstrel act carried out by Tot and Tank. With the aid of some coal soot and one drink Tot managed to do a very extraordinary dance and to appear to keep pace with Tank's singing. We had quite an elaborate dinner tonight followed by fruit cake and other good things. We had a long talk in Mae's room afterward made interesting by a little game of Truth which I started.

Tuesday December 22, 1914 High NE winds. Clear. Temp -13. The house seems full to our flowing with boxes and bags and other trash prepared by the travellers and cast into the living room ready for the snowshoes. The mail closed today. She whole batch of letters was put into a dry biscuit tin and the hole sol- dered up. Then the tin was mailed up in its wooden case. There were about 200 letters and its weight box and all was about 20 lbs. You had planned to leave today but the weather was a bit too breezy. The moon was up but just low and the clouds in the south east cut most of the light. -JOT is busy getting ready for his trip to Comox and between spells of packing up he is splicing up the wreck of Collyabs homotube He is not very anxious to go however and shivers when he listens to the roaring of the wind about the house. As for the rest of us, we cannot come to help and we do have our hands full keeping out of the way. As my part I would be glad when they have got a way - men and mail both. She men make too much noise and dirt and the mail is a constant reminder of things that worry. I do miss flowers, and birds and warmth every day and I could get my a little feeling of homesickness if these things were the only things we were going home to.

Wednesday December 28, 1914. Clear with NE wind - 9° At last! the mail is off. I was cook this morning. I stayed up nearly all night getting up the fresh stuff I could cook and TOT added a big gingerbread to that. My plan was to also fret the departure of the crowd so quickly that they would not have the face to hang around any longer. We even had the 14" Christmas tree and that put a candle on it. I don't suppose my rise was very noticed but at all events they left, and that was the best that could be desired. After and I went out to the Island. On our way the homelabs passed us. Akohahinque got off Stokesbury's just as he came up. She wanted to come out to the Joy Terrace but changed her mind at the last moment. We fed Sains more dog biscuits to the next day. She is looking better already. I thought as I came into the little black hole of a room how wonderful it will seem when the sun shall shining over more on the Cape and light us up. Life with the sun gone forever would not be far from Byron's conception of their terrible calamity. I think we all feel more cheerful tonight now that the letters have really gone. We need not expect any answers in the near future yet we have done our duty in that way.

Thursday December 24, 1914 Clear with N = wind - 4. If there is a calm before the storm there certainly is one after it. Now that the crowd has gone there is a kind of delicious peace in the house which is very grateful to anyone who hates needles, baste and apron. Things seem cleaner to me than the living room is not littered with tools and bows - the lumber, and the table is not piled with chairs and cloth for the sewing women. This morning I too a bag of bread (dry biscuit) out to the red dog which sticks to our beloved. She is starving and suffering more to become of the family she is expecting. She fairly went wild with joy when I arrived jumping up and down in her excitement and giving way to howls of pleasure. I fed her some of the hard dry biscuit. It has no smell, and very little taste I in eyes but she devoured it ravenously. The snow has drifted behind the house with the last winds but otherwise everything is as we left it. So night we tried to hang up a few things to decorate the house but only succeeded in making it look worse than ever. We have gotten rid of most of our trash and continue to do so as the Equinox enjoy such things and we are glad enough to be rid of our accumulation.

1917 > CHRISTMAS < Friday, December 26, 1914. Cloudy, light variable winds. - 6. The day was saluted with a concert on the Victrola at one minute after midnight. Somehow or other the house seemed very empty and deserted; no many of the crowd are away. I did not feel a bit as if I were living through another Christmas Past. This is no new experience for me. At school I spent three Christmases in the hospital, and after I graduated my luck was not much better for I spent one cooking ship and one in the hospital in Boston while the last one in Disneytown was too full of work and worry to be Christmas at all. We worked hard over the Christmas dinner; this Christmas box contained a very excellent fruit cake and other good things to eat. We had four our own store a fine large Carolina roast and some canned vegetables. And Post but not Post with the exception of she we had a drink around. After the party was over we all turned in as our bedtime was past. Somehow or other we have gotten turned around so that we sleep from 5 P.M. to 12 A.M. This would be all right except for the fact that we do not have our meals changed, i.e., we continue to eat by the old 9:30 and 4:30 schedule. We cannot change an account of the Esquimoes; with two tables we must keep a regular schedule. To left for someone with O. Hylak.

234 Saturday December 26, 1914 Clear with NE wind -12° We all felt rather dull this morning having stuffed yesterday. Hal and I have commenced their watch and watch routine, one sleeping while the other takes care of the house. They prepare two meals, each getting breakfast for the other. Jerome and I felt that it was high time for us to be getting back to work. We cannot seem to get down to anything here at the house on account of the continuous conversation. This would not bother me if I had a room to use, but it is working on the downstairs and finds it necessary to keep his tools in our room. Consequently there are always coming after a hammer or a file; the result is that I feel as tho I were living in some public station or shop. After a fumble about three o'clock we returned to the island. I had boasted that I was able to build a double snow igloo. I felt that I must set about the job at once. The wind blew my lantern out before I got even started, and the moon conveniently hid his light behind a cloud. However I got the work about two thirds completed and finally stopped because I could not work in the dark. I was pretty sleepy when I turned in.

-- FOREVER 235 Tuesday December 27, 1914. Clear with high NE wind - 12° The wind seemed to have discovered that I was trying to do some work outside. When I went out this morning with the idea of finishing my igloo I was nearly swept off the ice-foot by the blast that came out of the Nord. I got Jerome to come over and hand me some snow blocks. I should have finished easily but I am building rather a large igloo with high walls and when I held up a heavy block the wind would nearly blow me own. I feel sometimes as tho I should like to have pick-axto when I am working alone on the snow house, for instance, the only snow I can find comes from a small drift near an ice berg. The tide lifted the ice with the result that cracks run through the drift in all directions. What blocks I am able to get out whole are very fragile and often break up just as I am settling them in to place. I was pretty tired this evening and lay down after dinner with the intention of taking a little nap. I can never ever saying some thing to Jerome but when I finally awoke it was nearly four o'clock this morning. I managed to rouse out and wash the dishes. We have a small hunk of fruit cake left over from Christ mes. I ate a piece of this stuff and turned in again. Never before have I met such terrible adventures as when I got to sleep.

236 Monday December 28, 1914. Clear with high N E winds -21° The high wind did not blow in the early part of the day. At that time the temperature fell quite low. I continued building the igloo and to my satis-faction got it finished. As I took my time about the work I was able to make the inside very nice indeed. The bed platform is easily wide enough for four or five people and it is about a foot longer than I am. There is a place at each side for the others and foot space between. I was able to make the entry way quite low and the top of the door is at just the level of the bed plat-form. With this arrangement the igloo is quite warm. As I have built only two igloos I have not yet got over my surprise at the way snow blocks hang in the air. I suppose it does take a certain skill to put them up for I failed the first few times I tried. But today I got some rather large blocks to hang unit in space almost horizontally with nothing touching it except the next edge below and then belonging to a block which a mom-ent before had held me in suspense but it fell. But the strangest thing of all is the great number of minor points in the handling of the arms and the leaps which I should never have seen had I not tried it myself. But this I have found to be true of almost any work that results in some thing of value. And the realization makes me see even to look down on an honest worker when I go back into the world for each in his own way is a kind of master.

- FOREVER 237 Tuesday December 29 - 1914 Clear with variable winds. -12° The out doors was very beautiful today. The full moon was higher than the sun ever gets and there was no cloud or any wind to disturb the beauty of it all. We usually lie down for a little while after dinner. For the past few days I have ofen to sleep at this time and then have lain like dead for half the night. I believe that working in the wind makes one more sleepy than usual. I am not doing very much studying these days, as down as our house was once this morning I went in to Etak for some pieces of canvas a stove (oil) etc. Hal returned with me, just before we reached the Island we met Jerome on his way in for the doctor's help. His visicles are a little out of order. I took the pieces of canvas and the tent over to the snow house and fixed it up like a palace - Indeed and it was beautiful with this lighting - an open stove reflecting against its white walls and roof. The luxury that one can get out of a snow knife and a few bits of skin is almost incredible. I am at least amusing myself with this gloo. business. And that is the greatest thing a man can do under such conditions as we have in our little bomb of a house. But the light is coming!

238 Wednesday December 30, 1914. Clear with light NE wind -10° Ok out do so un so beautiful last night this I went out and started another igloo. I worked along leisurely until nearly four this morning when I saw a black figure headed toward the island. I thought Jennie was returning but soon saw that it dutching - Wah was coming over to pay me a visit. I took the lady over to the house and stirred up the fire. Having been out nearly nine hours I was frantically hungry. I got a mug of and had quite a party with Snow Mie to entertain me - the big wah does entertain me too even with all her complaining and sorrow. One gets it hate the other while men so under conditions like this that almost any change is welcome. About eight o'clock I took my visitor around to the various snow igloos and then walked in a little way with her. I did not feel very tired after this but so ambitious that I went back for another spell on the igloo and finally finished it. This last creation is large enough for five or six persons and is high enough for me to stand erect in it without striking my head. I have built a small igloo in front for a kind of vestibule. I had another mug up at two o'clock and then turned in that out.

Thursday December 31, 1914 Clear with light NE wind - 12° Tat and Doboyah have gone away again having returned the first time when they were held up by open water at Sudhwadi. Pamlipak is planning to go all the way to Manga Looksoah with them and perhaps on to Coomoo from there. He wants Tat to go to Manga looksoah to find out as much as he can about their methods of catching sharks. Walrus have been very scarce down here this year and the large fish are said to have caused a great many of the losses. The walrus hunting at Peteranik has so far amounted to almost nothing on account of the open water. Last year we went six or eight miles out on the ice down there and were able to get at walrus in several places. These people seem to be more or less on the ragged edge of starvation at all times and when they do have money they are so uneconomical that there is never any provision made for the future. Bipru is almost the only man I know who is really thrifty and tries to plan ahead for his family. He has quite a large family and this rmporous appearance is good evidence of his provident nature. This year has gone. I am neither glad nor sorry. This darkness brings a kind of apathy which blankets any delicacy of motion.

Friday January 1, 1915. Clear with light N E wind - 7° This is the most beautiful weather we have had. The cold days have not yet come and the moonlight with our mind is ideal. I really hated to go in this morning, after a nice breakfast I started for ETah but could not resist the temptation to stop and cut a lot of diaw blocks. When I got in I found that Jerome had been sick and was still quite unable to be up - and this seems an unhappy way to start the new year, but perhaps the theory of trying before breakfast + laughing all day may insure his health and happiness for the rest of the year. We had our dinner after the equinox had finished. This arrangement enables us to sit as long we wish after we have come to the end of the first. El as usual cooked the dinner and filled up with broiled cariban steaks, topped off with some of his Christmas fruit cake. Afterwards I played the violin and the two for me - She Hal - played cribbage. They alternate cribbage with chess & never seem to tire of either one. With all the moonlight I shall be very glad when we have the sunshine again.

Saturday Jan 2, '15 Cloudy with N wind - 5° I had planned to return to the island today but [illegible] still feels a little knocked out and I do not want to go out alone. Hal offered to come but the batteries on his [illegible] be charged and I finally decided to wait another day. The house is very quiet and nice now, since the children hup away. They are some what afraid of Hal who squirts water at them with a big syringe. Sunday January 3, 1915 Partly cloudy with N to wind - 6° I have made a New Year's resolution that I am wasting my time writing a lot of useless pages in this diary when my thoughts are to me at least so much more interesting. I have determined to write less in this book which is for the pleasure of any Tom, Dick or Harry who may choose to read and to put more time on my own private record of these months. Until today I have continued to write 1914 at the head of each day not realizing that a new year has arrived. Of course I naturally wonder if this year is't bring us home and other great changes in our line but at present I do not wonder very enthousiastically for I am in a state of dont - careness.

242 Joy -- Monday January 4, 1915. Clear with N E wind. - 20° I returned to the island this afternoon, after feeding the dog I went over and built another igloo near the big one. It also returned bringing mail. (Peter j [illegible] ?) Tuesday January 5, 1915. Clear wind N E wind. I worked my dogs until nearly 4 o'clock this morning. Jerome came out about ten. When I turned in the temperature was 27° below zero. There was very little wind and I had her quite comfortable working in a blanket shirt and very thin wool proof over my undershirt. I got up at 3:00 o'clock after a good 8 hours sleep. Jerome started the engine while I had my breakfast. This mail was left at Terroval in August & brought up by a missionary in December. There were letters for Hal, Tank & T&h one apiece. The last (latest) was dated June 12, Peter and work that France and Germany were at war. I believe this very possible but can scarcely credit his other news about our war with Japan and the alliance of England & Russia against us. The moon is going and the darkness is closing in again

- FOREVER. 243 Wednesday January 6, 1915. calm + cloudy - 10° It was hich as indoors today I went out with a fountoon + cut a lot of snow blocks. I made some cran fruit pies for dinner which were very good. N.E.WINDS Friday January 8, 1915. I went in to STah on Wednesday and found that Jerome and I had gotten a day ahead of time. This was discouraging it say the last. It is packing up a lot of stuff. I go in every day and read or study a little. Saturday January 9, 1914° clear with N.E. wind - 14° No signs of JOt yet Eh and Hal came out to dinner and I stayed in at the house. Jerome charged the batteries and during the rain baked some beans in the electrical oven. I think the Deland party was quite a success and I know my party was. I got Hardah to play all the records which we have given the Esquinas for their Victolas. Since I have not heard them for several months I enjoyed the concert as much as tho I were home.

244 Sunday January 10th, 1918 S W wind with snow - - 15. Jerome and I worked on some Algebra after breakfast and then went to E Tah. We found Jo T and Co - Blayde back. With them had come Sipsu + Namourne from Patrawile, and Seeman + [illegible] from Kanga Lookook. Hay- + his son were also there. A note from Mae told us that the party had started for Niamirish and would reach E Tah in the first weeks of February. Mae has killed a bear - in-cidentally his plans for going south via Pond's Inlet are developing. He and Co Tach are very anxious to get to New York - I doubt whether they ever succeed. We had the two missionaries with us at dinner, a good dinner it was too. The itching rash is at last getting away on my clothes. Monday January 11, 1918. Cloudy with snow + Sul brigs - - 17. I can't seem to break myself of writing '1914'. Before I came out to the Island I fixed up a box for Sipsu to take down to his children. If the ship had only come I should have more to give him. Sipsu visited me for about four hours this afternoon. I took him and Namourne around to see the snow igloos. They seemed to enjoy my peatkin architecture. Sipsu gave me some good hints on building.

FOREVER. Tuesday January 18, 1915. Clear with NE wind - 23° I found the wind pretty cold when I went to the house today. Soon after I arrived Sammy went to the Island with the two missionaries. They had dinner out with Jerome while I stayed in with Tot and Et. On my way out I fell an ice crack and my light perished. I managed to reach the Island by the faint illumination of the Aurora which seemed to be pouring off the ice cap. The visitors seem to be enjoying their stay at the house. The lights is increasing in the south but very very slowly. In fact it seems to me at the rate it is coming now the sun will not be back for a year or two - I am not getting any fatter which is not encouraging in view of the fact I must take a very cold trip in less than three weeks. I would give a fortune if I only might have my dog team move to go some where if only for a few days. Wednesday January 19, 1915 Clear mist SE wind - 25° I built another snow igloo not large but quite warm and comfortable. The visitors left at ab this A.M.

246 Thursday January 14, 1957. Clear and calm -35.5° Hal came out to see us this morning. It was a little foggy on their way to Nishi. Ranga has taken Aldrich's wife for his wife. He will probably live at Tetah. I walked in with Hal. On the way we met Mene travelling alone. At dinner Mene joined the white men. This surprised me as I understood that he was not to be entertained in this way after his down time last spring. He knows nothing definite about the ships or mail. Friday January 15, 1957. Partly cloudy with NE wind -20° I built a vestibule on my new igloo today and did a lot of other cutting & building. A sudden increase in the wind made this occupation too unpleasant now with the fire in it. By the time I reached the home snow was drifting out of the fjord in sheets. Despite the howling & roaring sounds like the fall days - Saturday January 16, 1957. NE gale & snow -6° The storm lasted until this afternoon when the wind suddenly switched into the

FOREVER. 247 Earth bringing more snow than me - for the third time this winter I did not go out for my regular exercise walking or working. One more week and we will have not only daylight but moonlight too. In fact for than a week for the snow is due tomorrow. Sunday, January 7, 1905. Clear with light NE wind - 20°. Tjerne now to engine to charge the batteries. We both went into Etah as usual. Mine is still there. Tot is a little sick with the cold coughing which the South Greenlanders brought up last year. Monday, January 18, 1905. Clear with light NE wind. New moon -20°. The men went north after breakfast intending to hunt scattish. We returned to the Island this afternoon. I saw a rabbit track near our ice fort showing where we had missed a visitor. The wind has eaten a hole in my new igloo. This is not so tragic as it sounds. The satisfaction in an igloo comes to an intense climax when the last blocks slips into place locking the structure into one single stout shelter and completing the marble dome which reflects the single lantern with a dazzling brilliance.

248 Tuesday January 19, 1905. Clear with NE wind -38° In the night our dog became the mother of pups. The number in the family is obscure as we have reason to believe that she made a meal off the first ones. Tonight I found one dead and two alive but evidently poorly taken care of. The bitch herself was born less than 6 years ago. This is her first experience in raising children. Her inexperience is very evident, she cannot seem to curl up around them comfortably and leaves them everywhere I go out with the slop pail. In this cold weather the poor little thin haired babies have a hard time. I spent an hour in at the house today cleaning up the attic and straightening out some of my books. On my return I rebuilt my igloo which the wind had worn through in several places. I was glad to find that Hal has taken up the posture of building snow houses. We all ought really to have - Wednesday January 20, 1905. High NE winds clear -26° Jerome and I went in to Fakah for dinner. We enjoyed a fresh rabbit which the men got yesterday - the first this year. The walk in was in the face of the cutting stiff wind. We came out by moonlight. I helped Ehth[man] clean up the attic.

FOR EVER. 249 Thursday January 21, 1910. N.E. Gale clear with drifting snows - 29° This is the worst storm we have had at the Island. The snow is so thick in the heavy wind that one can see scarcely ten yards -- I could not face the wind ten seconds -- I secured the dog and her two surviving pups tonight. They were in the tent behind the house but the snow was drifting in. I warmed, dried & fed the mother while the babies slept in the bunk. Then I made a nice rubine nest for them with coal bags + lined it with grass. I am quite sure they will not die but with this weather one cannot be comfortable while such miserable erection as these poor starved my dogs are outside with little or no shelter. The house is so buried with snow that we are quite comfortable - We have more than six hours of twilight already + the moon adds its help to make an almost daylight day. Friday January 22, 1910. Partly cloudy. N.E. wind - 87.5° The storm blew itself out in the night. I worked on a "dragnet" qlos today. I found a good drift made by the storm + decided to try my hand. I walked in to the house tonight. Sammy & Jennie have gone south. It is very dark these days with the black clouds shutting out the precious two lights.

250 -Joy- Saturday, January 28, 1910. Cloudy, SW wind with snow. -10° More villainous weather. All the snow which blew by in the NE gale is sweeping back over us from the sound. I finished my day out & into this afternoon - worked around for several hours. The exercise is worth the time. I am trying hard to keep in shape tho I certainly have no heart in the dull posturing of twisting in darkness. It has purpose more perhaps than an added variety of strength. The engine is running tonight. I wanted to get it started but I dare not venture out in this wild weather - at least that is a more existing interpretation of the simple fact that "the stove looks good to me!" Sunday, January 29, 1910. Clear with NE wind. -28° To meals I went into Etah for dinner. Ahdutahiqwah has finished up several pairs of mittens for me. She sews well and what is equally important cuts things to fit. Kucarpigwak returned tonight with Wulu Oodie & the baby Sukie. He brought me a pair of bracelets which the man made. Roolbrother & Ela Too (them) are here. I built an igloo on the ice front after din- nur.

FO REVER. 251 Monday, January 25, 1915 Dry cloudy with snow -26° I lashed our weak supply of food and then came out to the Island. Dolph and Ellis were just leaving for Sulkwaddie. Someone has killed a walrus down there and they hope to get something for their dogs. I am turned around, i.e., sleeping mostly by day- Tuesday January 26, 1915 SW wind with haze + snow -33° After some muddles and writing I [took] a load of my books + clothes to the house. I am mov- ing in gradually in order to avoid confusion. I became involved in an argument with EH + Hal and as a result stayed for a very good dinner of steak and fried dehydrated potatoes. When I got back to the Island I started another snow igloo. This is my ninth and I am afraid the edge is wear- ing off the delight I first found in this work- Wednesday, January 27, 1915 Clear with light to high NE wind -34° This day was very beautiful. The moon is almost full + the nighttime twilight is a blaze of red + orange in the south. After my usual visit to the house today Eda two [illegible] and Chuck good dog walked out with me, about

252 supper time a gale came suddenly out of the wind & detained the visitors: we spent the evening singing & playing wind kites & other catchables every little while, but got used to considerable Gale breaks & then cold winds. These experiences are just like the dogs, always hungry. Thursday, January 28, 1915. NE gale, drifting snow - 25° The storm kept us indoors all day; I went out for a few minutes this afternoon & explored around the house but the wind was unbearable. To pass the time I made a large batch of doughnuts. The house is rather cold & the wind seems to be coming in under the rock wall at our backs. Friday, January 29, 1915. NE clear - 28° Tramp had his foals from the Island. Saturday, January 30, 1915 Today my life at the Joy forever came to an end. I am quite sad when I realize that I shall have no more of these quiet evenings with nothing but my books and the wind for company, I should say, with its peaceful comfort of two lives and not a single thing to disturb.

253 Tuesday February 16, 1915. calm and misty - 5° On Fri I started with Boleyah and Ahlis to Commowity. I had Nofootina's team we had oil and milk and a little biscuit it he left at Cape Sabine and a this big each in Hayes Sound. After working all day thru the rough ice we failed to get our loads to Cape Chlier. I took my homoth. We returned to Etah that evening by midnight. On Wed Feb 3 We started again. By hard work we got our loads just above Littleton Island when we camped. The next day we made Commowity by crossing the land twice. The last rocky hill forced us to leave our loads behind. On Friday th 5 I brought all the stuff over the hill while the men went on to Amonotok for some marwhal meat. I found the work pretty hard & a number of trips were necesary each with only about 100 lbs on the homoth. I planned it run out on the Sound ice on Saturday. The open water extended well shore Amomotok but the ice looked good. The weather prevented travelling. On Sunday Feb 7 I returned to Etah. Since that time I have been sick all over, a little cold but aches & pains in my legs & backs.

February 16, 1910 Mac returned on Tuesday February 9th He and Etukshne went as far as Cape Seldon in Melville Bay, or a little beyond, to Idletu liksook. I believe Peter & Tush are going as as far as possible.- They are now lost for nearly two weeks in Melville Bay. The Esquimaux are again very sick with the coughing disease. Mac says that he has written home for provisions & equipment. He plans to spend next year in Melville Bay. Eb may stay with him. On Sunday February 16 Eb started down to Peteravik to join the men who are hunting walrus this time. Hal has just come back from that place when he has been with Simpson who has been very sick. Kendallsook died of pneumonia a few weeks ago. Mac has decided not to take the long trip this spring. Etukshne is going with Eb. Jerome put the batteries out of commission before he came in from The Island. He gave them a good acid charge then discharged them with water, charged again and finally dried them. Our women and children are all more or less affected with this coughing and sniff- ling.

AH. 255 Wednesday February 17, 1915 NE wind drifting snow. Temp -6. Jerome has cut a passage thru the ice foot. I mention this because it proves that Mann is doing something useful while this wretched weather is not only not doing anything of value but is hindering all outside work, damaging susceptible dispositions and generally darkening all but mental landscapes. Incidentally my unbroken horizon of entertainment was nixed today by the positive knowledge that no matter how much I wished to walk out such an view would be unpleasantly cold. By a series of arduous computations occupy ing me for some over 4 minutes I, made the happy discovery that if we had a clear horizon to the south of us we should see the Sun. But that if is larger than seven thousand square miles for seventy seven years for it represents among various other rock piles the magnificent ridge of Cape Alexander. Then, I enjoyed writing these lines for it reminded me of the happy days in the Joy For ever. Never mind I shall have a J.F. of my own some day and then will not be an ice pit for a penguin nor this maggoty cavern for my only visitors -

256 Thursday, February 18, 1914. S.W wind and snow. - 12° The sun is above the horizon today. We have seen nothing yet on account of its thick weather. The temperature remains warm. That has given me a routine of meals and exercise in order that I may gain weight. Friday, February 19, 1915 S.W wind with snow. - 8° We have yet to see the sun. Hal has commenced to work on his ice-cap hornet & Jot goes hunting but the rabbits are too timid. I am getting a little of the pleasure of the island out of my room. I now have a comfortable study table, light and with the door on again a little privacy. Sunday, February 21, 1915 Light S.E wind with snow. Sandy. +7. The warm cloudy weather continues. I had four & more rhumatism last night consequently I did not go out today. The house continues very pleasant and quiet with the crowd away.

Tuesday, February 29, 1907. N.E. mind Clear - 22 At last we got a look at the sun. The wretched winds are, as usual, in company with the clear weather. I am not gaining weight or even feeling much better but I am dwelling in the possession of very little "office" when I read and write in comfort. The evenings are still rich with spasmodic coughing and its attendant depression. One of the babies are teething and colicky, but I can immerse to the mace-racking noises which come from all this. I can tackle the most abstruse problems in all mental peace with children hollering and women snorting. The pains I feel are those of rebellion at being forced into a brute mastery of myself as to endure all of these things. In this state work is not difficult but relaxation is nearly impossible. I say for that even the others find it a trial a time. Saturday, February 27, 1907 Clear N.E. mind - 20. We have been having it down to 34° below with almost a whole Gale blowing every day. Yester- day it returned with Sammy and RioTah soon. The crowd are getting scarcely enough meat to keep their dogs alive. The water is so far from land and the ice so rough that the wells can be reached by taking long risky trips out from the camps. Mac would have liked me to take the train back down

258 tomorrow but I am in very poor shape and the situation certainly does not warrant my taking any undue risks. Monday, March 1, 1910 Clear and pleasant. Temp-23 Bar 31.14 Mac left yesterday for the hunting grounds. With the two dogs he took all the dogs he could assemble in order that he might get them fed up for the later work. We are very quiet and happy again as is always the case when the crowd here is small. Thursday, March 4, 1910 Cloudy with snow. Clear -14° Every minute almost I fear the dreadful Day of "Konstik coming" We are having such an un- bellevably pleasant time that any interruption will be almost a sacrifice. The days now are not cold and of course very bright as the snow hurries up into the sky. It does seem to hurry now in comparison to the seemingly sudden months we waited to see it once more. Hal pulled one of Odie's teeth tonight. Tot has distinguished himself by bringing in a rabbit three days running.

Saturday March 6, 1915 Snow. SW wind, overcast -15. Yesterday there was a strong SW wind which brought the snow down in clouds. A hot air to M. Abby and Lucas Piquet came in from the south. Mac sent for some supplies and will stay down next week or until Tom and Peter show up. The crowd have not yet killed enough meat to keep the dogs in shape. Tot brought in two more rabbits today. Lucas Piquet brought in a pair from the plateau back of the house. Day before yesterday Oddie killed 4 ptarmigan - I arrived enough to cook dinner today. I received considerable praise, which I am inclined to put down as a hint for me to take that watched job more often. Thursday March 11, 1915 Clear with high NE wind -41 degrees. Yesterday we celebrated Elsie's birthday x She was 33 years old. We had a good dinner & concert, and turned a large number of candles on the table. Fortunately we are still spared the misery of the frost. Yesterday morning Octo left with his family for Tetuanik. Abby Schipuel moved into his room where she will have more room x New Piquet also went south. Time is slipping by and we are very contented.

260 ET March 13, 1915 SW wind with drifting snow. - 26° The weather continues vile. To night as accomodiquah and Inaloo came in with a note from Moe. Very few walrus have been killed. He will remain thru (Petrarika) until the 17th unless more game is got or Peter appears before that time. We are very pleased at the prospect of a few more days of peace before the crowd comes. March 15, 1915. Clear, calm. - 32° Today was a perfect day - if such a thing is possible at 32 below. Accomodiquah went to Littleton Island for a cache of eggs. He told us tonight that the good ice extends from Cape Sabine to below Novyeh. I walked up the hill & saw ice extending out at least ten miles, but a lead of open water reached Cape Alexander. Hal, 2h & I have a game of bridge every evening. Wednesday March 17, 1915 High SW wind drifting snow. - 27° About 8 30 this evening Oquiddysheo and Nucerpigwah came in from the hunting grounds. The brought two notes from Moe. The walrus have

at last arrived - and are being given a hearty welcome from what we hear. Mac will be up in a day or two. Thursday, March 18, 1910 NE wind and drifting snow. -26° The wind doesn't stop blowing even when it shifts - this weather is amazing, astonishing, petrifying, - thank God that he put it at the ends of the earth. Sammy and Picadone (Kanga's brother) ar- rived about 4:30 PM. They brought no news. Friday, March 19, 1910. NE cyclone, hurricane, etc. -24° We were awakened at 2:45 am by our tandish screams from Jerome. Tanke had arrived. Tan Chingwah came with him. There was no mail; The ship had not even stopped at Upernivik; Tanke had frozen both feet and will lose the last "part" of each big toe. at 3:20 PM Mac and eight Esquimo homotiles +wife+ came in. The party included: Obloshak, Etahichue, Lisayoo, hi wife + Tungwree's boy; Kristab, wife & boy; 3 sons; Alalis & wife; Korbostwah; They brought a fair supply of meat. Rhnoarwee - Ehlingwhh have apparently had pneumonia. They have lost their voices + there is a pettle all for the lungs of each.

262 Sammy went back to Norka for the trace material which Tany left there x Sunday March 21, 1915. High NE winds clear -31° This horde is worse than a plague -- for a plague lets one die, while from this upvar there is no relief. Monday March 22, 1915 High NE winds clear -33° The vile weather continues to be vile; and if possible it become viler and more vile. Ih can't leave until Sammy returns with the trace material which Tany bought at Npermik and left at Norhi. Wednesday March 24, 1915. High NE winds clear -29° Sammy came in yesterday bringing the line. Els and his party left this morning (7 furnishes) on ac- count of the wind and bad ice they went only as far as Cape Olden & returned! Accommodinal came in tonight he says that no more waters have been got at Peteravik x

Thursday March 25, 1915 Snowy morning & wind. - 18° She got started again this morning. Eliason & Stokes- three, who will go the whole distance; Athlis, Otleyah, Numan- quinook, he publishes as supporting party. She returned about 2:30 p.m., on account of wind and drifting snow which made travel impossible beyond Sunrise Point! Friday March 26, 1915 Snow SW wind - 4° Last night and yesterday afternoon a great deed of snow came. This morning the thermometer got above zero for awhile. The sun came out and was so hot on the roof that there was a rain in the attic when the snows commenced to thaw. Els. and his men fed the last of our walrus meat to their dogs. They left about 6:30 p.m.; all day during there has been a smother of snow coming up from the sea but this evening the breeze fell enough to let them get away. Hal and Joe are preparing to leave in the morning. Doug left a number of dogs at Sitka anchorage and he thinks they may not be getting the meat they should have.

264 Saturday March 27, 1915. Clear & Cold. - 14° Mac & Hal left for Peterawich taking all The drivable dogs which were left. Saturday March 28, 1915 Clear and pleasant - 4° The women cleaned up the house. The house is full of no noise, dirt & ugly people, but of peace + quiet + love, philosophic, pastoral fellows. Monday March 29, 1915 Clear + pleasant - 9° Twinice & Sunny arrived with Hal's + Mac's dogs. A note from here told us that he had met Peter with his wife & Seeglos on their way to Stak. The ice extends out 15 miles, this condition of affairs makes hunting difficult & the meteor can gledge to the Cary Islands. Below Peterawich the people have eaten nearly all of their dry & have burned this hometils for fuel. The ice conditions, more pointedly remarks, may prevent a ship from reaching us next year.

AH 265 Tuesday March 30, 1915 Clear and pleasant NE - 12° She has trip returned to Peteravich today - i.e. they left after breakfast this am. for three days with 5th nice, 10 gals oil, 24 cans bean + 24 can j fresh. Wednesday March 31, 1915 Clear + cold NE - 25° Peter his wife Olav the missing from South Greenland, & Seglos came in from Peteravich No walrus have been killed + 15 dog one in good shape. Mac's note said that the boys had reached there with the things I sent down. Monday April 5- 1915 Clear + cold NE - 27° The weather is not very springlike yet. We are having a very pleasant time, so pleasant that I have not even written any diary lately. Seglos, Norwayman & Olav left on Friday as they had no more dog meat. Sanning came in on Saturday the 2d. He had no dog meat, only a small piece of walrus skin. Just us 39 years old on April?? We made a little punch from grape juice with a bit of whiskey in it.

266 Tuesday April 6, 1905 Clear with SE wind - 20° Last night Max, Henrik, Suth, & Ruth came in from Siberia. No soldiers have been killed. Men + dogs are starving. Ruth brought Peter's mail which contained news of the war up to Oct 2. Thursday April 8, 1905 Clear with NW wind - 16° The crowd left today. Tot, Ahnuk, Ahnug-nak & Abraham also went. Tom, James + I am now alone with Ahnduk-nak, wee Wes & Ahnug's two children. We have cleared here & are very peaceful & quiet. We heartily wish that we could blow up the ice between here & the earth and prevent any return of the rest. Friday April 9, 1905 Clear with light NE wind - 10° The temperature is not low but the con- tinual wind makes outdoor work almost im- possible and walking miserable. This place is cursed; wind, wind, wind, and then again wind until we despair of ever enjoying the outdoors again.

Saturday, April 10th 1915 NE wind and clear - 6° Benny came up with Ahningwah - Mac's note said that no meat had been got except 2 deer. The dogs are in terrible shape. Last morning (April 11th) Ahningwah had a relapse from her pneumonia. She had fever 104°, pulse 128 & respiration 50. She was in great pain during the night and I feared that she might die. In 36 hrs. she suddenly became better & now (15th) is up but very weak. Wednesday April 14, 1915 Clear with NE gale dropping to huge later - 2° Today proved to be eventful: Just as we were eating dinner Hal came in after across the field. He was alone having walked from Bethwaadi. I went rabbit hunting & met Mac & got on this way up. 4 Wolves have been killed but the dogs are still in very poor shape. Sipsa's foot well lost (what ails or is it) in the ice & the hunting party failed to recover it again. This is a great loss. When I reached the house I found Asquith, Shea & Dobynah with a letter from Sh. We were over joyed to hear that this party had killed 2 bears + 1 musk ox. He is conservatory by the Hayden Five route & the going is excellent.

268 Saturday April 17, 1915 Slight snowing with SE wind +1° The weather is as ugly as the atmosphere indoors - Tarrance, Tank and I stick close to our respective holes and avoid the confusion in the main now. Chinsegreek is visiting us. Cotham left yesterday for Petermanish and will probably work for -- no longer. Mac & Hal are preparing to go north. Monday April 19, 1915 Clear with NE wind -3° For my hal left yesterday the former to go north after hers with Sammy and the latter to visit the marsh or grounds beyond Flagler Ford. He returned in the evening having broken his hand. Today Hal & Chinsegreek got away again. At noon Bodie and I left for the glacier (Brother John's) where I shall camp and finish my course. As Bodie forgot his snow knife I had to build an igloo alone. I was pretty tired when it was Thursday April 22, 1915 Clear with NE wind +10° I had a very pleasant two days at the glacier - Tank & Akubekhiqweel and her baby both stayed with me for some of the time. Most of my acquaintances came up one day to day. Among my

visitors were Mrs & Lhrichts on their way after bears, hooftones, Timms, Irish, Pigeon, etc. While Tank was there a pole nearly demolished the igloo. I built another one with firing and window - The snow house was comfortable indeed. Alice & Sincer- ping returned on the 25th with much of skin & meat. They brought news of this excellent luck. Mrs & Samy returned on the 27th having killed nothing. I returned in time to see JOT off, who he was just leaving for Bermuda the wind Alice & Sincerfirmed. Saturday May 1, 1915 High N E wind + drifting snow + 8° The past few days have been very warm - up to 18° above zero once. Today is wintry enough. I went to the Island but walking unpleasant, which is putting it mildly. Monday May 3, 1915 High wind continues with drifting snow + 10° Chance distinguished herself by coming in with nine rabbits today weighing 72 lbs in all. I am working on my map. The weather is very warm but the wind is uncomfortable.

270 Saturday May 8, 1915 Snow + warm. Calm. Mac left for Community with Chris & Sandy. Monday May 10, 1915. Snow + warm Calm. Joe came down from Community with Odie & [illegible] Saturday May 15, 1915. We have been having one single large dip, appr. not snow storm since — God knows when — but I can count back mine (4) deep at least. Joe and the Carquines tried to return north on Wednesday but could not. Yesterday some little ants arrived: May 14-1915. Tuesday May 18, 1915. NE gale + snow + 18°. Yesterday the snow and wind stabled. Joe & Lucaspiquah started for Community accompanied by Odie, Weenie & the baby. Actually she — I went over to the Boat come with oil, jennies, tent + my sleeping bag for the trip I shall take in the near future. I returned today in spite of the wile weather.. The Carquines invited me starting back

with a heavy load of skins which he + the doctor left there last week. Accomodiguale, Akmesgeval, “Toot Shiner,” Ranigat’s mother + a little girl are visiting us. Mr. was due here three days ago. He has been delayed by winds if the weather north is anything like our mess here. After supper the visitors left. Akmesagoodman went with Akmesgeval to his wife. We made up a box of presents for the bride. Thursday May 20, 1915 Cloudy + warm. Calm. + 25 The snow has stopped but the weather has not yet cleared. Hal climbed the hill + could see water within ½ mile of Sun- rise Point. Goldorah arrived this am. with his family. Accomodiguash came with him. I am still working on my motor. Friday May 21, 1915 Mrs. Adeis and Sammy returned from the north. They had killed 1 bear.

272 Sunday May 23, 1915 Weather Excellent. Left Stah. 6:30 PM with Ellis, O'Byrne & Ollinymuck. We were accompanied by several Espinous who were migrating northward. We camped in Lifboat Cove. May 24, 1915 Camped at Amouth. First dogs picked up oil biscuit + milk. Made 6 days each. May 25, 1915 C. Keani Snow + fog. Must fix at C. Supersell. Camped at C. Francis when F made a check to Eth. Saw Name's '14' cut in rocks at Cape Leiper, and also several dilapidated cairns. May 26, 1915 Marshall Bay Weather bad again. O'Byrne killed a seal half way across Marshall Bay. We camped and fed the dogs. May 27, 1915 C. Keen: Clear with north wind.

Made large cache at Cape Russell including provisions, his scientific material + some of my clothes. Camped at Cape Rui where we stayed a day to rest. May 29 - June 2, 1915. Peatody Bay. Weather generally fair with some fog. Spend five days in Peatody Bay. We killed an old bear and two young ones. There were a great many fresh tracks; dead children freshly stuffed + other signs of its game we were after. We made camp on June 1 in Wright Bay upon a struggle thru rough ice. J June 3, 1915. Wright Bay. Weather cold + clear with north wind. Provided C. Calhoun + saw open water with ducks, ants + other signs of summer. Killed two men C. Hadwin + can fish. June 4, 1915. E. Independence. Cloudy with N. wind. Killed bear + ant in Lafayette Bay. Old cub escaped. High wind prevented progress with We camped just south east of E. Independence. June 5, 1915. Clear + cold with N. wind. Running to C. Const. tation + left record.

June 6, 1915 C. Indefender, Cloudy with N mist. About 2:00 am. Et + his two men appeared around C. Indefenders. We fired a gun + they turned in towards our camp. They were all in good shape + their sledges loaded with skins + meat at least. Spent the day time. Filled the cup which escaped. June 7-16, 1915 C. Indefender & Stah. Weather warming up rain. Came home at such a pace that I had no time to write anything or enjoy anything. From Ames- croft to Etah we had the pleasure of rain. In Russell's Bay we visited Kane's headquarters + photographed the island where his operations took. We were first to come over the land behind Gunnarvik on account of water at Cinnatary but the ice to Etah was still far beyond the islands, I was not glad to be back. June Thursday 17, 1915 High NE wind. Cloudy + warm. Et is working on the maps, work on his pictures, & he cleaning up. Tanks on skins & bones, I am thinking my thoughts. Tons in place of provisions on hand beans & wheat R

Etah. Monday June 21-1915 Clear for first time in weeks - +42° We have been having cloudy warm weather with occasional snow or rain until we are sick of it. The whole fjord is dark where bottom is flat winter's ice, gradually the water (which is from the rain) is draining off leaving small islands free. The day is ready for a trip but the south wind has brought ice up and since still we can see no open water to the W or WSW. At C. Alexandra + north I saw ice about two bare boats in transit to open water near. We are looking eagerly for signs of a break-up. We want to get back from not only for our boats + kayaks but for the summer lord of it - Wednesday June 22, 1915 Rotten weather again. + temperature Jerome aboard at 200 A.M. from Osami by way of its glacier (from Nuki). I moved out into my tent which I pitched near its river... of course the weather changed and now I am far from comfortable there. -Tumney just offered the Pates is very friendly + gave me help in taking morning pictures of the birds x

Friday June 24, 1915 Rain and Snow my mind +32° The hills are shrouded in fog & I am shrouded in gloom since I feel that it have been confined then the long winter was penance enough for all mortal sin. Sunday June 27, 1915 Clear again and the river running full. Calm. On Friday we put the sail away on the boat & took her out to Sunrise Point. There was open water about one mile to the west; the ice extended up by [illegible] Littleton Island but in that direction we saw numerous leads. We have been having more snow with occa- sional showers. Seals come up thru the cracks which have opened in the heather. I think that I have noted the fact that Mrs. & Mr. Juck + 2 are living in tents. Since there is no water we see no birds. Even crabs have appeared on our table only twice lately. Yesterday he got some Burgomaster eggs in which he found young birds. Fish have opened around the ice in the Glacier lake. Today Mrs. & I took the Katie on a bournthill and went to Littleton Island (at least while I write that is the plan and unless I note something to the contrary much will be the order of procedure.) This afternoon 2h, J., S., C., K., & I drove up to the lake and fished. We got right, the largest?

277 + averaged from 2-3 lbs. which weighed 4 1/2 lbs. We put the net across the stream, I brought the magnetic tent + outfit up - etc., Monday, June 28, 1915. Sunshine and warm. Calm. 2th and "T" went fishing again and brought home fine. The flaps weighed 5 1/2 lbs, while the average chance above 3 lbs. Mae and Hal returned from Littleton Island bringing only nine eggs. The islands are covered with snow- and vegetation as well as nests seems to be behind the condition we found up there last year - The party also brought back 12 ducks. We had fine meal of little auk breasts, fin fish etc. T killed seal this after-noon - altogether we are again in the midst of food a-plenty. The ice is as far away as ever. "June & I are posty" Tuesday, June 29, 1915. Partly cloudy, warm + calm. Temp. reached + 58° I have put the magnetic tent just east of the house and wind jerms are filling it with pocket boxes, a party went fishing again today but got none. There are a good many seals near boats in the fjord. Teterbi dan is one year old today

278 Thursday July 1, 1910 Weather perfect. +50 15 +60 We are having warm, summer days, and there is no sign of a change. # & Post this much hoped for month has come. I am well on the way toward completion of my packing. The ice is as far out as ever but in the harbor it is covered with pools. The river is running full force. E & and T left yesterday for a week at the lake. Monday July 5-1910 Weather cold - N.W. wind to S.W. & cloudy. Young ice formed today & last night over the pools. The change is unpleasant after the past few days which were 'scorching' hot. Jot, Hal & Moe left this P.M. for Littleton Island. Actually Sheo, Simpson, Almadroak & Ahmawee accom- pained them. They plan to take the day & leave the bags at Simmie Point. Jerome and I are alone once more though I, at least, am very contented. Sis Tank are still at the lake. Abderkashiqwish & Aninyush, each with their children are the only others left here. The ice still holds ito there is a good deal of water on the shore in front of the house. I have nearly finished my packing.

Sunday July 11, 1915. Snow and SW wind for the past 6 days. This week has been insupportable. Snow and wind are nothing new but rain and hail confine us to the house. It returned on Wednesday with Geo. with whom she spent the night in Fish Creek and then went back to Littleton Island with supplies. She and Tanka walked home. On Friday it fell again visited the head of the Sound in order to obtain some as paddock eggs at this writing he is storm bound there. The dogs have been straggling home from Sunrise Point where live & his cousin hatched them. The sun, of course, is not supplying us with as we should wish. I have a touch of grippe and then for my unriddle. Hal brought some good fresh eggs and reported that he had made a cache of eggs on his Gary Island. Tuesday July 13-1915 Cloudy with SW wind. The snow & rain have stopped & the sun came out for a few minutes. This may be only a breathing space, a lull between storms. Yesterday from the hill we saw that some ice had broken away so that the water was within a few yards of Sun- rise Point. Hal killed a seal last night.

280 Thursday July 16 - 95 Weather cleared this evening & wind headed to W. Hal returned with the news that Mac + Ethel gone south in the day with bepladdyches & biquine . Sammy & Th this morning returned late in the evening. Hal brought some up on which we commenced. Sunday July 18 - 95 Clear & warm, calm. +44° Yesterday & today are the first really good days since July 2nd. Mac, Jr., Abbie, Katherine, bepladdyches, & Ethel all returned this A.M. Ice presented them sailing to Cape Sable. They brought eggs + several ducks. Monday July 19 - 1905 Good weather gone To hell! Wind & clouds again. Jerome & I went to Island. Thursday July 22 - 95 SW gale with snow . +32° I killed a large upstart on Monday just south of the island. Sunday A.M. I got a real, Sammy came out & trabs in a load of meat + skins. He also got seed near the islands. Wednesday I pushed further. Last night the South wind rose to a gale & brought snow.

We find the room very comfortable and the stove i want two hours to come in today in order to make bread. Mrs & Mrt + Ferdinandphakes have gone to Littleton Island (left on Tuesday) and expect to be away only a few days. The ice is covered with parts of water but shows no signs of breaking up -- except that the leads near our island are nearly 12 ft wide & in places wider. The ice sheet still extends at least 2 or 3 miles beyond our island. Saturday July 31, 1915 Big gale with snow. (to Etah) I came in once for bread. We finished packing on the thirtieth -- yesterday. Except for parts of two days we had nice weather throughout our stay. I was able to study a good deal and planned to stay out until tomorrow. Fermus left at 3 o clock. I had just settled down to the comfort of quiet when I noticed a new lead south of the Island. From the top of our little hill I saw a black water which separated the whole expanse of ice from the Frond ice. The Flores between the island and the motion began to drift rapidly into the open water in a few min -- later I should have been cut off. I ran to the house, sketched a few belongings -- from my bunk and set out for home -- a full gale stern. I had some dangerous walking but finally reached the warm stove and a square meal.

282 Sunday Aug 1 1915 Cloudy and calm. The dead at the island spread several hundred yards during the night tho the wind was south. Our beach in front of the house extends along the shore as far as the Point. Other beads and holes assure us that we shall soon see the real Fiord & the good blue water. After breakfast I went out to the camp around Sunrise Point in order to find a place for the ship to anchor in case she arrived before our first trip out. Sea prevented my raising the dory. I returned in time for dinner. From the hill I could see clear water for at least 60 miles south. The big sheet lies running around Sunrise Point. Wednesday August 4, 1915- Rain & snow. Calm +3°. Rain and snow - rain and snow! This describes the whole summer - How miserable it is. The harbor ice is rather but this is no wind or tide to break it up. Monday August 9 - 1910- On th 7th Mrs & Jim left for Hahley's Lake in the story. Alfred, Phoebe & Samy went with them. Last night the rain suddenly ceased. The wind

coming into the N E and rose to a gale. This morning the damn ice went out on flood tide x Next the clouds sped away before the heavy drive, and tonight we are enjoying sunshine and blue water after endless days of ice, snow, rain & chill ships. We are expecting a ship every day. Friday August 13-1915: Calm + Sundry +40. I have run soundings in the first, taken sights at the points, and completed my packing. Busy I have tried to be to pass the time, but still no ship. Friday the 13th has a portentious sound. Perhaps something may happen before the day is over, Wednesday Aug 18, 1915 Sundry, Sw wind + chilly Jot & Ise returned Monday evening. There was great excitement when we sighted them off C. Alexander. We thought we saw the ship. Theiski- To meet the ship. men are all down from Amuristokh x Also, there is no ship. Yesterday we decided that as there was very little chance for ships coming so late we had better get busy on next winter's meat supply. All except Ed + Jack leave for Sukhwaddi tomorrow morning.

284 Sept 1 - 1915. No Ship. At Submaradii fine Jno, Mrs. Hel, Jerome, Jos & I spent the past ten days killing walrus & expecting a ship. Yesterday we in- tended. Made plans for the winter & settled down to routine. The following arrangements were considered & agreed to in order to conserve our supplies and effect a captivate living at the house. 1. A committee of three (Leader, Surgeon, & one of us four in turn) will regulate expenditure of sup- plies & publish monthly a list & date of provisions on hand. 2. No Smoking will take in the house. (hunting) 3. We will have separate cooks 4 weeks each. 4. I will cook at least half of the time. Elber possibly the other half. 5. We will have two meals, 8 AM & 3 PM, and a Dinner at 8 P.M. Norringsup st- ept for the watch. 6. We will hire Woo Wu, Ahduckchingwok, and Tinmiee x 7. We will have a watch on all nights as in the past. The watch will have charge of the water supply and take meteorlogical readings. 8

The weather continues dark and gloomy. The fall winds are blowing, and the temperature is gradually dropping to the low cold regions it seems as it does. Sept 8, 1910. NE wind, cold + cloudy. Brought over from Provision Point several tons of loose coal in the flatbed and stored it in a bin in the front shed. The Eskimos have gone north with the crew to fetch their homeotiles and field equipment.

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347 390 metal screw kree-t'ee-ooh 389 turn or - äh - qnee-'ah-niäh 388 Bear skin mittens too-ah-doo 387 Sing ä-muh-to 386 Chocolate kulfe-stah-wee-'tah 385 finger of or toe nail t'oo-t'e 384 tooth flees-o'-tay 383 plate äh-tud 382 ankle k'im-me-'äh 381 object on the in o'-tuh 380 cliff (nin-nun) nee-mah 379 valley kahh 378 deep bay kan-gerd-roch 377 shallow bay shiv-dleh 376 bird t'ig-me-ah 375 shore bird (midge, humstone etc) t'ig-may-te'-eh- 374 narrow mä'-to 373 wide all-dih-täh 372 old ice see-co-to-'äh 371 smooth old ice see-sö-ah 370 rough ice mürey-läk 369 smooth mm-ah 368 day tail jaguar tk-shuny-wak 367 ivory pearl now-yä'-loo 366 light o-kee-to. 365 moo-dy-tl-yäh wife 364 possession, or Samile's Samila-and conjunction 'and' ownya-tow qwinna-loo -tow -loo

348 362 Pleiades Nännoobocah thiihkani-tu. 361 Big Dipper Tila - tü - ani. 360 [illegible] 359 harness toggle of ivory oobsill 358 tin sambi 357 iron (steel) sanik 356 tooth kër-oo-tay 355 ear 354 stomach 353 liver tëng-äh 352 Cook (woman) Lit one who cooks the meat öö-gloo 351 mirror 350 salt Täh-liäth 349 flag in-ah-do 348 Embryo seal bear 347 ... caribou 346 ... walrus 345 ... musk-ox 344 ... dog 343 finger tee-tëe-oo 342 toe 341 nose cling-äh 340 mouth bäñ-moo 339 arm täh-dilk 338 leg nēè-on 337 breathe ah-nüel-näth 336 vein Täh-haß 335 ankle see-ülh-näth

349 334 That's right ah - shm - loo - ah 333 Boiling some oil ookt ohoo - chee-ah - l' 332 Pot koo - delp - ooo 331 Step mother Ah - nkh - ooah 330 Father Hm - ghur - tah 329 Grand father ah - tah - tah 328 The other one (either brother or sister) li - pah 327 Boy Nawcar - pay - ta 326 niece nee - o - yah 325 very young girl (child) nee - nee - ak - nu - a - tiuh 324 killing iron shaft (with) ll - poo - dee - ah 323 killing iron ang - mee - ah 322 ivory shaft of harpoon ll - mi'h 321 point (square) of harpoon ti - koo 320 orphan 319 blind 318 deaf 317 dumbt 316 lame 315 child-birth 314 Komotik Bow 313 Upranders. map - pan - yah 312 Cross bars mip - po 311 Runners (wooden) 310 olives (metal) pulh - lah 309 stem kun - mee-ah 308 lashing crossbar 307 bridle for harness pee - too

350 306 Keep quiet (mupwáchyál) máh - páý - táy 305 I would like to see you tá-hu-ké-á-hawka-wít-hi-gút 304 Perhaps tú-mút-ka 303 (sippís) small (diddiy-líng-wáh) - íng - wah 302 Bearded seal óoh - shúk 301 Small Seal (threin focktée (?) ) jóó-jú 300 clam tún-miën-un 299 tockat th-féé-áh-thow 298 Raven +oo-de-wäh (wäh-nah) 297 Clouds (mirage etc.) (same as smoke ) pánk - suak 296 very long (+all) tik-ee-shük-suuk 295 Seal skin float (on hayahs) au-vie-táh 294 Capsize (hayah ) keën-yúh-hoo 293 Capsize (chumatik) in-you-gab-too 292 Chocolate clíh-shan-yah 291 Sugar see-know-yah 290 Biscuit ik-ee-zwäh 289 Green (color) [all shades of blue + green ] shúm-an-fée-dúh-to 288 Brown [all shades of brown + red] au-fée-dih-to 287 Yellow 100-sük-ke-dík-to Mother: South 90 your my 286 Mother (Awana ) Alwin Alina Ahua 285 Brother äh-niah 284 Sister mai-yáh 283 Uncle äng-híah 282 Aunt äh-túgh-äh 281 Cousin íg-dloo-áh 280 Grandfather 'ah-táh-tah 279 Grand mother 'ah-nál-niah

351 278 So it pleasant weather nip - teh - rah ? 279 So the wind blowing an - noo - shak - to 276 a great many ah - mil - ee - ah - mub 275 a long sleep sin - eeh - to - zuah 274 Welcome ank - chin - mai 273 little arch ak - pud - dy - ah 272 young little arch ak - pud - dy - ah - ho 271 How many kep - ain - nee 270 Two & ten (three etc) mar - lun - nee 269 three pinq - a - nun - mee 268 One ah - ta - nub 267 Two mae - lube 266 Three pinq - "a - sut 265 Four dee - si - miut 264 Five tid - liin - mah 263 Six iq - loon - meh 262 Seven y - loon - nah muleh 261 Eight " pinq aui 260 Nine " ninint 259 Ten eddit 258 Eleven tee - bin - my 257 Twelve " mabub 256 Thirteen etc. etc. pinq - nut 255 Oil (of any kind) ook - shik 254 Bag ilt - pee - ah - Row 253 Shun tain - mah 252 I am sorry niq - loy - moo - bi-doo 251 What are you doing (a to a dog) an - a - dan - quy

(Note: There are apparently no accents - the elocution 250 Whose is this (to whom does this belong) que - ot - ah - que - ah 249 I am very cold i ku - o - mai 248 very cold i ku - o - nuke - ti - mah 247 young man (man) ang - hui 246 Young girl mee - mee - aba - ooah 245 small child bil - ah - fur - doo 244 twenty (a whole man) kou - tun 243 blanket clay - pak 242 basin u - guo - mee 241 bed [bed platform] i - luk 240 otogar kod - lah (rah 239 chair ik - ahn - wah 238 face kie - len - yah 237 milk ee - mou 236 oar pau 235 shut up niah - pay - tay 234 harpoon oa - nah 232 clock tick - tick 232 hammer kan - tag - tia 221 tease |oee - looh - 0omah - to 230 to put on stretcher 229 to take off stretcher 228 " on kooltar 227 " off kooltar, 226 I wish pee - ah - mah - vung - ah 225 will come tee - gee - ah - to 224 we - got 223 cartridge

rumpling (French v) 222 fine 221 meat dry 220 cook 219 all right 218 Perhaps you are right ? (etc) 217 dry meat 216 In the water 215 a short while ago 214 Any before yesterday 213 Bread 212 Will come 211 turn over (hayaka) 210 Capisya ("'"') hemothik 209 Mitten's 208 Cape (first one above lit. so.) 207 Cape Alexander 206 Shipe 205 Harpoon 204 mail 203 next year 202 on the small island 201 Sea pigeon 200 at Littleton Island 199 At Mc Qary's Island 198 seal hemothik (little hemothik) 197 die 196 dead 195 car 194 now shou - mäh k'ü - ö koo- dip - zikh - sub au - yüh-däh au-yüh-ah-ti- Nee - 120 tän-mëën-mea tun-mään-mey 'tsh-füh-shäm-ne Nee-duè-mäh tiq- ee- ate-tö k'een-yüh-hö lën-yüh-gäk-tö ai-ah-aidi-ka (manjete) Now-yäh-dee Boq-lük-soah tëq-miy-tia sükh?-kü'd kee-fee-th äd-läh-ö klea-k'uh-tuh-haim-mae zülk-wäh T'yk-äh-yoo-täh-mee P'h - 'äh - you - th-ham-mee k'öm-j-täh-hö tük - ö-välh püi-an-poo. pan pan-tüh-to

354 192 sad 192 still 191 fine some (Labrador) 190 Big lie 189 lie ( falsify ) 188 dry 187 snow shoe (my) 186 can opener 185 urinate 184 fire stick (native lamp) 183 candle 182 pocketor cover 181 pig " " 180 my sleeping bag 179 frozen 178 next year 177 put grass in hamibo 176 junior sole 175 Cape 174 deep fried 173 jalbent 172 I put grass in my hamibo 171 Shallow Bay 170 see bug 169 smell see bug 168 tabular berg 167 Very high berg 166 Tongue 165 marrow clay - ping - a - how Dead-lay- joke Too-you-mee-work Shag-loo-ab-rook shag-fah-fo Shag-loo-die pi-male-to pee-shu-be kee-lay caw-ee? (wi-yi) dih-to-shue maun-no-a-Too Ruddah bund-dih-sooh lee-nee-sah-nee-ah sh-aa-shoo-ah ad-la-h-o tung-ee-dih-sub ting-ee Nooo (Nu) Kang-et-loo-ah-shuk chee-kick-tah Kab-leet-ee-lunga leet-ah-loo lee-jud-dee-ak le-jud-dee-ah-shud na-ing-miah-sook Naf-ah-ing-ah-sook oh-beek put-tah

355 164 I'm going along way ff And-lee-ah-amah. 163 I'm going now Ah-mah-delf-ray 162 Heavy al, na-ch. del-mu-ti di 161 tired Oo khee-neet-o-rah 160 very dirty Nu-leeng-ilh-thohz 159 thin Ee-puke-teed-liy 158 Same as Tina bressen Sar-ton-ti-don 157 lord. Ko'-mah me-a-qa 156 to hear Oj-lu-mah 155 Rocks Jo-shee-hoo 154 What? Wee-arh-shu-ee 153 Mountains Kah-ka 152 " Kah-ka-ye-to 151 " large Kah-ka-Sbah 150 thin Sarting-wak (sunk-don) 149 Hair Noe-ia 148 Where are you going Needle Nuinow Tee-i-del-ray 147 Mar-cun 146 Forge Pony-yuk-to 145 Autumn OO-kee-el-mee 144 Spring Suki-marleto 143 late spring Oping ali-sei-se 142 trap Iku-shak-To. 141 Snow stick Tee-duhk-to. 140 very old (as a trash) Peu-anah-guak-roh 139 Old Woman Ee-tee-duh-roh 138 Old man et-tei.duls-roh.

356 127 comb ig-la-u-tin 131 my comb ig-la-u-ti-Kah 125 your comb ig-la-u-tee-thm 124 laugh y-larks-to 133 last summer ow-harks 122 next summer ow-harks-pim 131 together ah-ti-er-tee-kem 130 pre-luck-tu-ta-ka kuu-we-uka-hen 129 my new knife has gone down the hole 128 thin zah-imh-wah 127 thistle 'ye-amee-shu 126 each for record saq-ah-muelk-th 125 take measure out-tard 124 very fine tu-shu-mad-mah 123 very fine tu.shu.mik-lee 122 wood cli-seb-sui 121 board sar-tuu-orh. 120 blow (with one's mouth) shoop-el-shu 119 make a hole Po'ot-ah-blos 118 play ping-u-ak-to 117 ear see-mh-tah 116 If. There (a little way, telephoning a any ways) od-men-ah 115 ball ee-uh-ten 114 Photograph ah-si-i-shos 113 thimble Dee-Kee 112 waist band pants Kakh-lih 111 long tik-i-shoo 110 thimble tiel-le 109 afraid Kaps-ahl-mah-dwah

357 106 all - everybody ti - manke-sau-mee 107 stocking au-dik-sie 104 thi (man) 105 Here (Ja-man-my) O-win-mey 104 that one O-ina 103 Father a-ta'-ta 102 I am thirsty i-mi-ab-su-mad-cab 101 sit down In-gi-ti 100 Stand up (from sitting down) mee-gui-aglu-wahs 99 Get up (from lying down) mug-o-tee 98 under th-tan-see 97 tree. Nip-pain-tok 96 Spider Nig-oaah-Tot 95 candy O-O-mi-sh-taham 94 white 12iRuha-Ti Wl 93 hat mee-hed-lah 92 come see-goo-To 91 food Kap-ja 90 Beautiful In-zhu-na-diu-alh 89 Very strong Pee-skade-oaah 88 There (used in a bucket etc) Kah-men-mey (man-mey) 87 Drinking sprite oo-do 86 sledge tracks m-min 85 animal foot prints ah-pud-hoon-yah 84 Cards too-ni Dear tee-oo-kiind nah-ling-mak-ti

358 82 that will do - enough, etc- Tim-mä. 81 yours i-bli. 80 over there or) here Tah-mäh-ni. 79 a long way off (remote) Täh-wah-ni. 78 boat Oo-me-ak. 77 wife Koo-mer. 76 skin house Tüpik 75 stone, or snow house se-gloo. 74 what? Shü-mä 73 who is there? Kii-se-ah-tün-al 72 where num-me now o-winga shâdego ö-cû-da 71 num-ne now o-winga shâ-de-go ö-cud-da 70 come ã-gai 69 come aboard ga-i o-meak-soah-mut 68 dog harness äh-noo 67 stink muh-mûh-nêk-too 66 lose a boat etc (omeak) shâdëgo 65 pail or bucket Kuh-too 64 wet me-ïk-to 63 very wet me-mik-teddy. 62 pipe pov-o't-y 61 river Kook 60 sun (one sun = one year) sûk-ã-mük 59 keep still ar-röy-Tey 58 today o-blu-mey 57 tomorrow o-kah-o 56 day after tomorrow o-kûh-o ö-wäh-tün-my 55 yesterday ik-pië-shah

359 54 Fox 50 young fox 52 hang. 51 enough-all right - 50 whip. 49 a little 48 while boat 47 back water 46 Paper 45 like this (make it etc) 44 like this (object etc) 43 up there (a ways off) 42 over there 41 Pencil 40 now 39 black- 38 red 37 blue 36 say- speak, tell 35 day before yesterday 34 come button saw. thirty cross Do you think Jai - een - yah Jai - een - yah - mak Küd - lăh . Nä - münk - tō If - pan - tah E - mung - wah- Oo - mi - ing-wah King - oo - mut. Jek- Tah . lé-ma leg - mah so-ag - loo Jafe - poa - en-my Dik - ken-my Tib - tan - ta Testing - wah Kol-noh- to au - pee-dih - to Shu - mab - fee - dik -to O-kn-luk-to Ik-pub-shan-mi (HI. go to) Tae-qee-to Gh-nas-ab-ti Mah-shah-To I - made - to-ah Thh - nu - tō Tahi-madiak-ti-Tu

360 1 today. 2 stop! 3 no good 4 what is there? (who is there?) 5 look here. 6 knife (pocket knife --- ish-ee-mää-hak-to) 7 again. 8 my feet. 9 cold. 10 my hands. 11 throw it away. 12 a short time ago. 13 has come back. 14 a long time ago. 15 wash yourself! 16 bring me -- 17 where are you going? 18 up there. 19 down there. 20 pull like hell! 21 shake a leg! (come on, be busy!) 22 come here. 23 you are welcome. 24 thank you. 25 where is -- ? 26 what is that? (what is the name?) 27 name. 28 I do not know. kah-no. a-tinq-a. kah-no a-tinq-a. nah-maj, shi-ner. I-shu-leea. a-ghi-te. karr. ak-shu-ee ik-kung pit-keng min-mumm a-guide-ley g-quall-tu-tum st-lan-ee te-gee-to im-many kii-lee-i ark-shu-ka i-kay ée-zee-hta-ha ah-tu-do sää'-vik Tää-kü-mä ki-n-a-ah-an-ah pi-üle-mää mee tes-säl oö-blee-mée

361

window pane 13" x 12 1/4"

AMNH LIBRARY 100231688 Sat. Sat. Sat. Sat. 9 4 23 30 imm., B Lunn, 10-15 (Y) Wed. 12 - Jan. L.11 8 - 14H + 4+2 imm m 2 Ht. - 2 [illegible]