Field notes, v1414

Koford, Rolf R.
Unknown
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley
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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from CLIR https://archive.org/details/fieldnotesv141400kofo
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MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY REPRINT LIBRARY
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Koford, R. R. 1974-7 Catalogue #1 - #33 75 (Calif.), Mexico
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Koford, Rolf 1974 Catalogue 20 mi. E., 1 mi. S Tecate, Baja California del Norte, Mexico ~1000 m. 11 Dec. 1 ♂ Peromyscus maniculatus 108-70-20-18 = 16 gms. testes 6 x 4 mm. Caught in brush. 2 ♂ Peromyscus truei 212-108-23-23 = 27 right testis: 6x3; left tester 7x4, caught in the brush 3 Peromyscus Discarded cought in low brush. 4 ♂ Peromyscus truei 202-113-25-24 = 27 gms testes 5 x 3 . Caught among low (½ m.) bushes 5 ♀ Dipodomys agilis 41-17 = 53 gms. cought in bottom of temporary creek bed. 6 ♀ Dipodomys agilis 250-138-42-16 = 52.7 gms. cought near ½ m.-high bushes. North Coast of Punta Banda, 7.5 miles W of Maneadero, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico 13 Dec. 7 ♀ Neotoma fuscipes 341-148-35-36 = 194 gms. no emb.; coll. by W.Z. Lidicker 8 ♀ Neotoma lepida 308-140-32-30= 148 gms. no placental scars; uterus 3 mm. diam. 9 ♂ Peromyscus californicus 232-125-24-25= 34.5 gms testes 10 x 6 mm.; coll. by P. Eschrich
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Koford, R. 1974 Catalogue 5 mi. W, 1/4 mi. S San Telmo de Abajo, Baja Calif, del Norte, Mexico 14 Dec. 10 ♀ Dipodomys 256-153-40-17 = 47.5 gms. no emb.; coll. by P. Escherich North coast Punta Banda, 7.5 mi. W Maneadero, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico ~50m. 13 Dec 11 ♂ Peromyscus californicus 228-128-25-25 = 31.2 gms. testes 10 x 6 mm.; collected by W.Z. Lidicker 12 ♀ Peromyscus californicus 254-146-26-26 = 30.5 gms. collected by W.Z. Lidicker; no embryos skull only 13 ♀ Neotoma lepida 307-146-33-33 = 112 gms. collected by Dave Bradford; no embryos; uterus 2mm diam. skull only 14 ♀ Neotoma lepida 297-127-31-31 = 122 gms. collected by Dave Bradford; no embryos; uterus 3 mm. diam. 5 mi. W, 1/4 mi. S San Telmo de Abajo, Baja Calif del Norte, Mexico 14 Dec. 15 ♀ Peromyscus eremicus 194-105-20-20 = 17.5 gms. no embryos skull only 16 ♂ Peromyscus eremicus 193-104-20-20=17.5 gms. testes 7 x 4 mm., abdominal Oak Crossing, 5.6 mi. E Meling Ranch, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico ~ 5640 ft. 15 Dec. 17 ♀ Neotoma fuscipes 358-170-34-32 = 137 gms. collected by Dave Bradford; no emb., nulliparous
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Koford, Rolf 1974 Catalogue Corona de Abajo, 7 2/3 mi. E. Meiling Ranch ~6400 ft. Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico 15 Dec. 18 ♂ Peromyscus truei? 171-85-21-22 = 14.5 gms. collected by W.Z. Lidicker; testes 3 1/2 x 2mm. Oak crossing, 5.6 mi. E Meiling Ranch, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico ~5640 ft. 15 Dec. 19 ♀ Peromyscus boylii truei 180-91-21-19 = 14.5 gms. collected by W. Glanz; nulliparous 9.2 mi. E, 6.6 mi. S Colonia Cardenas ~1050m, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico 16 Dec. 20 ♀ Dipodomys 274-161-41-16 = 51 gms nulliparous; collected on fairly leury, sandy soil Rancho Sangre de Cristo, 31 1/3 mi. E Ensenada, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico ~850m 17 Dec. 21 ♂ Hyla regilla Calling in 1" deep water at 2300. 22 Bufo boreas In 6" deep clear water in a ditch. 9.2 mi. E, 6.6 mi S Colonia Cardenas, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico ~1050m 16 Dec. 23 ♂ Dipodomys 285-170-41-16 = 57.5 gms. testes 10x7 mm, abdominal 24 ♂ Dipodomys merriami 270-134-35-14 = 35 gms. testes 8x5, abdominal
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Koford, Rolf 1974 1975 Catalogue 9.2 mi. E, 6.6 mi. S Colonia Cardenas, Baja Calif del Norte Mexico ~1050m. 16 Dec. 25 ♂ Peromyscus eremicus 190 - 104 - 20-18 = 15.5 gms. testes 4x2 ; collected under a rock on a hill skull only 26 ♂ Dipodomys 263 - 146 - 40 - 17 = 53 gms. testes 9x6 mm. ; caught on relatively flat ground Rancho Sangre de Cristo, 3 1/2 mi. E Ensendaa, Baja Calif del Norte, Mexico ~ 850 m. 17 Dec. skull only 27 ♀ Dipodomys agilis 269 - 152 - 42-17 = 54 gms. nulliparous 28 ♂ Peromyscus maniculatus 151 - 79 - 20 - 19 = 15.5 gms. testes 6 x 4 mm. skull only 29 ♀ Dipodomys agilis 283 - 169 - 40-18 = 48.5 gms. nulliparous skull only 30 ♂ Dipodomys agilis 286 - 163 - 42-18 = 54.5 gms. testes 10 x 5 mm. , abdominal skull only 31 ♂ Dipodomys agilis 304 - 184 - 43 - 18 = 48 gms. testes 10 x 6 1/2 mm., abdominal 32 ♀ Dipodomys merriami 244 - 144 - 36-14 = 32.5 gms. nulliparous ; Collected by W.Z. Lidicker White Cloud campground, 48 ENE Nev 10 mi. ENE Nevada City, 4800 ft., Nevada Co., Calif. 23 May 1975 33 ♂ Spermophilus beecheyi 410 - 167 - 50-29 = 320 gms. testes 29 x 14, scrotal
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Koford, R 1975 Catalogue 7 mi ENE Nevada City, 4000 ft. ± , Nevada Co., Calif. 26 May 34 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii nulliparous, uterus 4 mm. 317 - 120 - 50 - 25 = 238 gm. 11 mi. ENE Nevada City, 4300 ft. ± , Nevada Co., Calif. 6 August 35 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii 287 - 85 - 51 - 27 = 295 gm. 3 1/4 mi. NNE Devils Peak, 6200 ft. ± , Nevada Co., Calif. 24 August 36 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii d.o.r. 4 oz one side 4 oz one side 6 placental scars, 6 corpora lutea, uterus 2 mm., lactating 325 - 134 - 48 - 26 = 266 gm. 12 mi. ENE Nevada City, 4400 ft. ± , Nevada Co., Calif. 6 September 37 ♂ Tamiasciurus douglasii testes 14 x 6 mm, left scrotal, right inguinal 321 - 120 - 50 - 26 = 220 gm. 11 mi. ENE Nevada City, 4300 ft. ± , Nevada Co., Calif. 1 October 38 ♂ Tamiasciurus douglasii t. 13 x 6 , scrotal gonad chir cul' 313 - 117 - 50 - 27 = 236 gm. 39 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii nulliparous; uterus 1 mm, dian. no alarn cul' 323 - 126 - 50 - 27 = 216 gm.
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Koford, R. 1975 Catalogue Sagehen Creek, 3 mi. NW Hobart Mills, Nevada Co., Calif. 6300 ft. 8 Oct. (coll. 10 June 1975) coll: 5F. Smith testes scrotal, 12 x 6 40 ♂ Eutamias amoenus 200-82-31-14 = 45g. White Cloud campground, 4300 ft.t, 10 mi. ENE Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 11 Oct skull only scrot 3R-OL, uterus 3 mm. 41 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii 325-124-52-23 = 228g. skull only testes half abdominal, 9x4 42 ♂ Tamiasciurus douglasii 304-110-47-24 = 192g. skull only testes half abd., 6 x 3 43 ♂ Tamiasciurus douglasii 300-120-50-24 = 175g. 12 Oct. testes half abd., 6x3 44 ♂ Tamiasciurus douglasii 302-125-52-25 = 165g. skull only nulli. 45 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii 299-107-51-24 = 190g. 2 mi. NNW Hobart Mills, 6400 ft.t, Nevada Co., Calif. kulliperuni, uterus 2 no., nipples too. 18 Oct. 46 ♀ Neotoma cinerea 370-166-40-32 = 238.5g. Sagehen Creek, 2 mi. NW Hobart Mills, 6300 ft.t Nevada Co., Calif. 18 Oct. coll: W. Glanz nulli. 47 ♀ Callospermophilus lateralis 233-76-36-19 = 155g. Sagehen Creek Field Station, 6400 ft.t, 3 mi. NW Hobart Mills, Nevada Co., Calif. (coll. 18 Oct.) prep: D. Martin nulli. 48 ♀ Microtus montanus 131-31-20-10 = 22.8g. 2 mi. N, 1.5 mi. E Chilcoot, 5400 ft.t Plumas Co., Calif. 20 Oct. 1975 (coll. 19 Oct. 1975) not perforate, no apparent nipples, uterus translucent, 1.5 mm wide at base, vascularized 49 ♀ Dipodomys ordii 267-157-44-14 = 58g.
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Koford, R. 1975 Catalogue 2 mi. N, 1.5 mi. E Chilcoot, 5400 ft., Plumas Co., Calif. killed 20 Oct. 1975 (coll. 19 Oct. 1975) 50 Peromyscus crinitus prepared by S.E. Thompson 51 ♂ Peromyscus crinitus not perforate; scars 4 and 2 blood, kidney, liver taken 52 ♀ Peromyscus crinitus 207-109-22-17=29.0g. 4 corpora lutea and 2 old scars were on the horn with 4 recent scars; 2 corpora lutea were on the side with 2 recent scars. Nipples 2mm wide, 1.5mm high, surrounded by scent hair pelt. 5R-3L, 4m CRL, lactating, not perforate blood, kidney, liver taken 53 ♀ Peromyscus maniculatus 171-69-18-15=25.4g. The embryos were just gelatinous masses - evidently being resorbed. She was killed at ~1500, about 32 hrs. after being trapped. Corpora lutea 6R-3L. Nipples 2m high, 3m wide. Sagehen Creek Field Station, 6400 ft., 3 mi. NW Hobart Mills, Nevada Co., Calif. prop. 20 Oct. (coll(killed) 18 Oct. 1975) testes abd., 2.5 x 1 54 ♂ Microtus montanus 145-55-20-11=24.7g. Sagehen Creek Field Station, 6400 ft., 3 mi. NW Hobart Mills, Nevada Co., Calif. 19 Oct. 1975 testes abd., 1 x .5 55 ♂ Sorex 97-40-13-7=4.77g. Bodega Bay, Sonoma Co., Calif. 30 May 1925 coll: Carolyn Conners 56 ♂ Mustela frenata 415-152-45-25=321.3g. Russell Reservation, 700 ft., 24 mi. N, 13 mi. W Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 15 Nov. 1975 nulliparous 57 ♀ Microtus californicus 140-48-19-13=21.1g. Hostings Natural History Reservation, 1800 ft., 14 mi. SE Carmel Valley, Monterey Co., Calif. 21 Nov. 1975 not perforate old pl. sc. 3R-1L newer pl. sc. 3L-1R 58 ♀ Thomomys bottae 205-61-27-8=106g.
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Koford, R. 1975, 1976 Catalogue Chaparral Colhou line, 1900 ft., Hastings Natural History Reservation, 14 mi. SE Carmel Valley, Monterey Co., Calif. 22 Nov. muli.; closed vagina; closed pelvis; small nipples 59 ♀ Peromyscus truei 200-109-24-23 = 21 g. old scars 3R-2L; uteri 2mm. diam., non vascularized; no cl.; pelvis notched; vagina closed; nipples moderate 60 ♀ Peromyscus californicus 258-148-26-22 = 44g. Hastings Natural History Reservation, 1700 ft., 14 mi. SE Carmel Valley, Monterey Co., Calif. 22 Nov. testes 3x2 61 ♂ Myotis californicus 76-34-5-18 = 3.5 g. testes 4 x 1.5 62 ♂ Lasiorus cinerea 127-57-11-16 = 19.8 g. 4 1/3 mi. N, 1 mi W McGuire Mtn., 4300 ft., Nevada Co., Calif. 13 March 1976 testes 20 x 11, obl. d.o.r. 63 ♂ Tamiasciurus douglasii 301-125-51-26 = 224 g. 4 mi E, 2 1/2 mi. S Buck Mtn., 4300 ft., Nevada Co., Calif. 4 June pl. scars 1R, 5L; corpora lutea 1R, 5L; uteri 4.5 mm. orange dye on forelegs, tail 64 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii 327-115-54-27 = 262g 1/2 mi. W of Bald Mtn. Summit, 6400 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. 4 June (coll. C.B. Koford) skin only no emb., uteri < 2 mm., lactating tissue d.o.r. 65 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii 335 + - 105-54-28 3 1/2 mi. E, 3 mi. S Buck Mtn., 4300 ft., Nevada Co., Calif. 14 June no emb. 66 ♀ Sorex trowbridgi 115-47-13-6 = 8 g. 21 June (coll. 2 May 1976) 67 ♂ Tamiasciurus douglasii 318-131-49-24 = 180 g.
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Koford, R. 1976 1977 Catalogue 3 mi. N., 4 3/4 mi. E Buck Mtn summit, 4300 ft., Nevada Co., Calif. 10 Aug. 1976 testes 7 x 4, abd. 68 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii 310 - 124 - 51 - 26 = 205 gm. testes 20 x 10, scrotal 69 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii 339 - 141 - 56 - 27 = 274 gm. testes 19 x 11, scrotal 70 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii 320 - 124 - 50 - 24 = 219 gm. Five Mile House, 5 mi. S., 1 3/4 mi. W Buck Mtn, 3700 ft., Nevada Co., Calif. 4 June 1977 testes 21 x 13, scrotal vas. def. 29,32 71 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii d.o.r. 345 - 137 - 54 - 27 = 267 gm. White Cloud campground, 3 3/4 mi E, 3 mi. S Buck Mtn, 4300 ft., Nevada Co., Calif 4 June testes 21 x 12, scrotal var def. 26, 26 72 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii 342,-133-52-27=243 gm. 6 June recently lactating; uterus 2mm.; scars 3R-OL; c.l. 3R-OL; perforate 73 ♀ Spermophilus beecheyi dead in trap 405 - 153 - 50 - 25 = 380 gm. 2 Sept. scars 4 L-O R 74 ♀ Tamiasciurus douglasii 330-130.50-26=229 gm. 19.2 mi. N, 13.4 mi. E Warm Springs, 6000 ft., Nye Co., Nevada coll. 26 Sept. 1977 (killed, prep. 28 Sept.); coll. J. Hohner testes 9 x 5 75 ♀ Peromyscus maniculatus 141-62-19-17=13 1/2 gm.
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Koford, R.R. 1974-78 Journal cali? Mexico
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Koford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 17 June Parkwood Meadow, 6 mi. east of Shaver Lake, Fresno Co., Calif. ~ 6000 ft. mushrooms and other fungi scattered about. - In addition to the permanent buildings, there are: 2 trailers, 1 tent, 1-7 vehicles, and several people. The F+G people are doing a deer study here and things sometimes get pretty active. - The weather: little or no cloud cover, wind light (3-5 mph.), temp. about 55°F in the morning rising to about 70°F in the early afternoon - We (CBK and I) had arrived on the night of the 16th, so were here in the morning. He took off to look for puma tracks and I stayed around the camp all day looking for clicktrees. I walked around the area and would watch squirrels when I saw them, often following them or their calls for long periods of time. When they lost me I'd walk around 'till I found some more. Serious observation started at 0700 and ended at around 1800. Much of the afternoon (1200- 1600) was spent trying to get good photographs so observations during this time are not very thorough.
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Loford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 18 June Markwood Meadow, 6 mi. east of Shaver Lake, Fresno Co., Calif. ~6000 ft. 1 Habitat and environment as described for 17 June except it's a little cooler. Also there was more activity. A black labrador was chained 10 m. west of the middle of the corral throughout the night and Several vehicles were in the area also. Scattered clouds moving rapidly northward appeared about 1200 and the wind picked up to 5-10 mph. By 1500 the cloud cover was almost complete and the wind was 10-15 mph. Around 1700 the sun was shining intermittently but the sky was still mostly overcast. Later it cleared up again. I walked around the camp area and observed chickarees
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Loford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 19 June Markwood Meadows, 6 mi. east of Shaver Lake, Fresno Co., Calif. ~ 6000 ft. Habitat as described for 17 June. No cloud cover in the morning; wind 5-10 mph., temp. about 45° at 0730. At around 0930 clouds started moving over toward the north. Cloud cover then about 70%; temp. 58°-55° F.; wind fairly steady at about 5 mph. By 1000 the cloud cover was very light (<1%). It clouded over again soon thereafter and by 1100 cloud cover was ~ 95%. For much of the remainder of the day the cloud cover was about 50%. They were moving fast so there was a constant shifting between sunny and shady. Temp. reached about 60°, wind light all day. I observed chickarees around the camp most of the day, making an excursion further east than I usually did. I also went up the hill on the cost for a couple hours in the early afternoon. At 1630 observations were discontinued and I went out with the Fish & Game people. Observations began again at 1850, ended at 1934. By that time the cloud cover was < 1%, wind 1-3 mph., temp. arounds 55° F.
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Rolf R. 1974 Journal 20 June Markwood Meadow, 6 mi. east of Shaver Lake, Fresno Co., Calif. ~ 6000 ft. See 17 June for description of habitat. The sky was clear all day, temp. was around 45°F in the morning, low 70's by early afternoon. Wind 1-5 mph. I started watching chickarees around the camp area at 0605, stayed mostly in the immediate area but took about an hour to walk around on the south side of the creek. Observations ceased at 2000.
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Loford, Rolf R. Loford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 21 June Markwood Meadow, 6 mi. east of Shaver Lake, Sierra Not. Forest, Fresno Co., Calif. ~ 6000 ft. Habitat is as described for 17 June. No cloud cover, wind 3-5 mph, temp. about 45° in the morning - I watched squirrels from 0615 to 0715, mainly concentrating on confirming the count of family size. We left the area around 0900 and arrived in Berkeley at about 1430. [illegible]
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Journal 26 June Tahoe National Forest, Nevada Co., Calif. I wanted to find a good study site for Tamiasciurus applying these criteria: (1) accessible during the winter, (2) relatively flat and free from undergrowth and dead branches (3) good chickaree population. I started looking around Hwy 20 at about 1200. I went down the Lowell Hill Ridge road, 2 1/2 miles west of Emigrant Gap on Hwy 20. Heavily logged and lots of undergrowth, in addition to being hilly. I then checked the first couple miles of the road to Gold Bug mine, 1 mile north of the previous turnoff. This area had some flat parts, but there was a lot of dry dead branch debris on the ground. I then checked in the region of Harmony Ridge, about 5 miles east of Nevada City, going down to the nature study area. The forest there was mature, but on a steep slope. I finally checked the upper area of Steephollow creek, 3 1/2 miles west of Lake Spaulding. It looked good except for the logged areas and a lot of debris on the ground. I did see one squirrel there, though. I spent the night there. There had been no cloud cover all day, wind was light. Temperature was about 50°F in the morning, rising to ~70°f by noon
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Koford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 27 June Tahoe National Forest, Nevada and Placer Co., Calif. I looked for chickarees from 0700 to 0900 at Steephollow Cr., then spent a couple hours looking at the north side of Bear Valley, 1 1/2 miles northwest of Emigrant Gap. This area was hilly and had lots of undergrowth. I then went on to Big Bend, 8 miles due east of Emigrant Gap, on Hwy 80. I walked for a couple hours in the hills to the south of the town. This area was mostly lodgepole pines, with a few scattered firs and yellow pines. Later I drove around in the valley north of Kingsvale, 3 miles west of Soda Springs. This area was also mostly lodgepoles, and was fairly flat. I saw a couple squirrels there. It is all private property, though. I drove on to Hwy 89, going south from Truckee, and looked at a couple areas close to the road. Yellow pines were dominant and the area was all pretty steep. I continued south and spent the night in the Taylor Cr. parking area, 1 mile north of Fallen Leaf Lake. This area was flat and the undergrowth and debris were light. Mostly a mixture of yellow pines and firs. - The sky was clear all day, wind light. Temp. reached about 70°F.
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28 June Fallen Leaf Lake, El Dorado National Forest, El Dorado Co., Calif. ~ 6300 ft. Fallen Leaf Lake lies in a valley at the south end of Lake Tahoe. To the east is a low ridge; to the west and south are mountains. The area to the north of the lake is fairly flat, with Taylor Creek running 1 1/2 miles into Lake Tahoe. This area has a big campground and a well-travelled highway running through it. There are meadows, aspen, and other mesic-adapted forms as well as Jeffrey Pines and some firs. In the morning, starting around 0645 and ending about 0900 I walked around in the vicinity of the Taylor Cr. parking lot, 100 m. south of the highway. From 1000 to 1230 I walked in the area just east and north of the north end of the lake. I saw a couple of squirrels there, as well as signs almost everywhere I looked. I then went over Echo Summit, hoping to find a fairly flat place with more firs. I camped at a turnout just west of Pyramid Campground, about 13 miles by road west of Echo Summit. It wasn't flat but there was a good mixture of trees. Red firs, white firs, incense cedars, Jeffrey Pines, Ponderosa Pine, and Black Oak were all plentiful. There were also patches of Ceanothus, manzanita, and other bushes. The sky was clear all day and temps. reached the mid 70's (°F). Wind was light.
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June 28 I went to the Red Hot Chili Peppers concert at the Pepsi Center in Denver on Saturday, June 28th. It was an incredible night! The band played their hits like "Under the Bridge," "Californication," and "Scar Tissue." The crowd was electric, singing along to every word. I remember when they started playing "Under the Bridge"—the whole stadium erupted in cheers. I had a great time dancing and singing with everyone. After the show, we walked around downtown Denver enjoying the night air and the music still echoing in our ears. Overall, it was one of my favorite concerts ever! I can't wait for more shows this summer.
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Ford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 15 July Markwood Meadow, 6 mi. east of Shaver Lake, Fresno Co., Calif. ~ 6000 ft. Habitat as described 17 June. I started watching the nest tree northwest of the westernmost bldg. at 0600 and finished at 0730 in order to determine how many juveniles were still using the tree. Intermittent observations were made later in the day. I also counted the cones on a big sugar pine 50 m. north of the easternmost bldg. There were about 11 small cones which presumably would not be mature this season, 150 large cones, and 10 old cones which had already released their seeds. My impression is that the sugar pine cone crop is very heavy this year. I also saw two sugar pine cones which had been cut recently and partially taken apart at the base. The seeds were quite soft. CBK also found a recently chewed cone of Western White Pine (P. monticola) at about 7900 ft. on Mt. Patterson. These are the first cones I've seen cut this year. - Wind was 0-5 mph, temp. was around 50 F in the morning, rising to mid- 70s at midday. No cloud cover.
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23 July El Dorado National Forest, El Dorado Co., Calif I spent the night at the Taylor Creek parking area (elev. ~ 6260 ft.) about 3/4 mile north of the north end of Fallen Leaf Lake. I looked for squirrels in the vicinity from 0715 to 0830, then checked the area along road 13N00, about a mile east of the Lake Tahoe airport. Though there were more mature Jeffrey Pines in this area than around the parking area, the soil was sandy and dry - not good for fungi growth and hence probably not good for squirrels. I then talked to the resources forester of the Lake Valley Ranger District, John Schillings, in South Lake Tahoe. He said the chickaree population was low and that plague had been found in the area. He suggested that I look at the Sierra Ski Ranch area since that road would be clear all winter. I did, and found it to be almost all red fir forest. It was quite open and the soil was fairly dry. I saw very few holes such as chickarees make when digging for subterranean fungi. I then went back east to Meyers, took Hwy 89 southeast to Hwy 88, and Hwy 88 west to a campground across from Lumberyard Ranger Station, 37 miles east of Jackson, Amador Co. - Sky was clear, temp. 50°F rising to mid-70's. Wind light.
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24 July Stanislaus National Forest, Alpine and Tuolumne Co., Calif. I looked around the vicinity of Lumberyard R.S. for squirrels, found a few old and 2 newly cut Jeffrey Pine cones, but not many holes. I then travelled west along Hwy 88 to Pioneer, then east along a small road through West Point to Cabbage Patch on Hwy 4, about 12 miles northeast of Dorrington. The area White Fir, close to Hwy 4 was Red Fir, and Lodgepoles, but seemed too heavily logged for my purposes - lots of debris on the ground. I talked to Dave Sinclair at Arnold R.S., who's conducting a wildlife survey part time, but didn't learn much. I then went down to Murphys, Vallecito, Columbia, Sonora and up Hwy 108 - I looked around the area of Strawberry, which is close to the point the road is closed in winter, but it was too open - too much brush. I then went up over Sonora Pass, north on Hwy 395, west on 89 over Monitor Pass, and camped near Ebbets Pass in an area of Jeffries, aspen, Silver Pine, Red Fir, Lodgepole Pine and brush. I saw old cut cones here and some freshly cut Lodgepole cones, along with some diggings. - Sky was clear until early afternoon, when a solid cloud bank moved in from the east. It sprinkled lightly for a couple hours, then gradually cleared up. Wind up to 37 mph. in gusts during the shower.
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25 July Stanislaus National Forest, Alpine Co., Calif. I went down Hwy 4 to Cabbage Patch, about 12 miles northeast of Dorrington. The higher area was quite rocky with few large stands of trees close to the road. About 4 miles west of Ebbots pass was an open stand of large Red Firs next to the road. Most had 10-20 cones near the top. I looked in the area for half an hour for squirrels or sign. There were very few holes and I saw no squirrels. There were a few old cone cores from one Silver Pine (P. monticola) that was in the middle of the other trees. I also looked in the vicinity of the Mt. Roba road. This area was dense Red Fir and Lodgepoles with considerable debris on the ground. I did find 2 freshly chewed Lodgepole cores. I also checked in the area of Cabbage Patch, which appeared to be heavily logged. I did hear at least one Chickaree in the area, but didn't see it. I then went to Reno. - The sky was overcast all day and the ground wet from the previous day's rain. It seemed to rain around noon, but didn't rain where I was on Hwy 395. Temp. rose from mid-50's (°F) to mid 76's, to about 95° in Reno. Wind light.
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12 August Hwy 20, Tahoe National Forest, Nevada Co., Calif. I checked areas near the highway from the National Forest boundary 5 miles east of Nevada City to the vicinity of Steephollow Cr., 3 miles northwest of Emigrant Gap. The highway along this area starts at about 3700 ft. and goes up and down, ending at about 5360 ft. It is dominated by conifers but there are black oaks scattered all through the area. Brush covers much of the area which has been opened up by logging. The lower area is mostly Douglas Fir and Ponderosa Pine, with varying amounts of Incense Cedar. The higher area is mostly white fir, with some red fir and Incense Cedar. Sugar pines are scattered thinly throughout. I found cores freshly cut this year under about 3/4 of the large Ponderosa Pines I checked, and 3 Sugar Pine cores. The area around Skillman campground looked good in spots, but there was a lot of undergrowth. Since Ponderosa Pines seemed to be getting hit hard, I looked mainly at the lower levels where they were more numerous. The area to the west and south of White Cloud campground seemed a good area, with lots of cone cores and holes such as those dug by Chickarees in search of Fungi. I spent the night near there. Wind light, cloud cover 5-25%, temp. in the mid-70's (°F) at midday. Many mushrooms coming up (it rained here 2 days ago).
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13 August White Cloud campground, Tahoe National Forest, 12 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I started looking for squirrels at 0610, first north of the highway across from the westernmost edge of the campground, then around the area to the west of it, then to the south. Around noon I went into Nevada City for food and checked more closely some areas between the campground and Nevada City. There didn't seem to be as many Ponderosa Pines there as around the campground. In fact, the vicinity of the campground has more cone cores (this season's) and seemingly more squirrels than anywher e I've checked. Much of the sign is in the campground itself. To the south of the fairly level campground site the terrain slopes down gently for half a mile, then more steeply. There are several logging roads and some trails in that area. The Ponderosa Pines don't seem as numerous and aren't as large as those in the campground. Also, logging debris and dead branches, along with dry Black Oak leaves, are plentiful. - Sky was mostly clear; wind varied from light to gusty, about 30 mph. Temp. started around the low 60's (°F) and rose to the high 70's (°F).
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14 August White Cloud campground, 12 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I started looking for squirrels around the area south of the campground at 0700, until 0830 , when I went into Nevada City and talked with Dave Connell, the wildlife biologist for the Tahoe National Forest. He suggested several areas with a relatively clear forest floor and good numbers of Ponderosa Pines, but didn't know of any areas with exceptionally high densities of Chickarees. I drove north on Hwy 49 to a point about 4 miles north of North San Juan, where I went east toward Allegany. This road to Allegany is plowed in the winter. A few places along the road in the last few miles before Pliocene Sta. were clear underneath, but the Ponderosa Pines were not producing well and there weren't many squirrels. I then went down to Foote Crossing via 18 N 64, through North Columbia and east to Bowman Lake. I then went down to Hwy 20. The area about 5 miles south of Bowman Lake was largely free of undergrowth, but low on Ponderosa Pines. I then went east to Hwy 80 and west on it to Blue Canyon, an area with squirrels but brushy or steep. Late in the afternoon I returned via Hwy 20 to White Cloud campground - The sky was clear all day, wind light. Temp. from low 60's (°F) to high 70's (°F).
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15 August White Cloud campground, 12 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I watched squirrels around the campground from 0700 to 1130, then left the area, stopping in the valley to the east of Nevada City. This area is dominated by Ponderosa Pines but is dry and has a lot of brush on the ground. The pines weren't producing many cones and those cone cores I did see were of the sort chewed by Gray Squirrels. These are cores of approximately the same diameter throughout their length, rather than being enlarged at the proximal end. Often they will show the central fibrous core, the base of the scales having been completely pulled out rather than being cut off. I'm not sure if this distinctive difference will still be apparent later on in the season when the cones are older, but it seems to be a good separating characteristic so far. - Sky clear; wind light; temp ~60°F - 80°F,
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30 August White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. On the way up to the campground I got a collecting permit from Mr. Boll in Sacramento, then mailed a postcard from Nevada City to Larry Parkison, notifying him of my intention to live-trap squirrels near White Cloud campground. I then set out 10 traps within 50 m. of the clearing along the power line which runs along the south side of the campground. I also set out 9 stakes of the grid at 25 m. intervals in an E-W direction. - Wind was 5-15 mph.; sky mostly clear; temp. in the low 70's (°F). 31 August White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. From 0730 until about 1100 I checked the traps and put in 12 more stakes The corner stake is at the junction of the power line clearing and a road which goes off to the south about mid-way in the length of the campground. Starting there, a row goes west, lettered A1, B1, C1, etc. Running south from stake A1 will be another row lettered A2, A3, A4 etc. In this way, anysocial interaction, nest site location, cache site, etc. can be recorded with respect to the nearest or most visible stake. The action or location will be recorded along with the distance and azimuth from a stake. From 1100 to 1200 I looked for and at squirrels. Then I went into Nevada City and got 1 lb. of dry ice from the Bret Harte dairy.
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31 August White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. From 1400 until 1935 I looked at squirrels on the embryonic grid. - Sky clear; temp. mid-60's (°F) to low 80's (°F); wind 0-10 mph. 1 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I watched squirrels from 0710 until 1935 with a short break for lunch. One squirrel was caught in a trap baited with a half-eaten sugar pine cone, but escaped during handling. - Sky clear; wind light; temp. mid-60's (°F) to high 20's (°F). 2 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I started a catalogue of the positions and approximate seed production of all the major seed-producing conifers on the study plot. Apparently Douglas fir had a big year last year, but I haven't seen a single fresh cone core from them this year. I also have not seen any white fir cones, either on the trees or otherwise. Sugar pines seem to be having a good year, and though ponderosa pines are generally having a light year there are a number of pines in this area which have a good crop. I also caught and marked two chipmunks. An area of about 42 cm² is shaved with a razor after the area has been wetted with alcohol. Then dry ice is applied for 10 sec. The lettering system I will use to mark and identify squirrels is as follows: [Drawing] Using various combinations I can thus mark as many as 256 squirrels (72 using 3 or fewer marks per side). Both sides will be marked identically. Sky clear all day; wind light; temp. in mid-60's (°F) in the morning to around 80°F by mid-afternoon.
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17 June Markwood Meadow, 6 mi. east of Shaver Lake, Sierra National Forest, Fresno Co., Calif. elev. ~ 6000 ft. A meadow and a stand of mixed conifers stand on fairly level ground surrounded by mountains to the east, Sutter Creek to the south, a road to the west, and meadow to the north. There are 3 permanent buildings in a clearing in the conifers (actually 4 if you count a small building to the immediate east of the large middle building) separated by about 40 meters. There is also a corral with wooden and wire fencing and a fence on the north. About 20 m. north of this fence the meadow starts. "Meadow" Trees Fence N easternmost Corral blgd. bldg. westernmost road building middle bldgs. 10 meters Trees The trees are red firs, white firs, incense cedar, and sugar pine. The ground cover is mostly grass and bracken, with some brush and young conifers. Much of the ground is bare except for conifer needles, cone bracts (especially firs) and male cones which have dropped off. There are
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Loford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 3 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I watched squirrels from 0715 to 1200, then went into Nevada City for dry ice and groceries. In the early afternoon I continued cataloguing trees, checking the traps every couple hours. I started seriously watching again at 1600, observing some activity in the campground itself until 1930. Two chickarees were caught, one recaptured. - Sky clear, wind 0-10 mph., temp. from about 60°F to ~80°F. 4 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I watched squirrels from 0715 to 1930 with a half hour break for lunch. I also worked on cataloguing trees, mostly in the early afternoon when the squirrels weren't very active. Two squirrels were recaptured and one was caught for the first time. After being released this latter squirrel staggered a couple meters into a shallow hole, obviously incapacitated. Since he hadn't recovered by dusk, I put him in a live trap to protect him from predators, then covered him with a sleeping bag. - Sky clear, wind light, temp. from about 60°F to 80°F. 5 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I spent most of the morning attending to the incapacitated squirrel, getting him to drink water using sleeping bag filling as a sponge, but he died. I left the area around 4:00pm. - Sky clear, wind light, temp. approx. 60°F to 80°F.
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ford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 5 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. Table of location and approximate seed production of seed producing conifers near White Cloud campground. Most if not all cones cut this year were collected and put in a pile near the tree. In some cases the trees were too close to each other for there cones to be assigned to a particular tree. These are grouped together. Estimation of cones still on the tree was done by counting from a good vantage point, then multiplying by 1.5. Sp. | Location | Number | Number | Estimated | | | of Cores| of Cones| Number of| Comments | | | on ground| Cones on trees| P. ponderosa 5 m. 310° B2 41 0 144 P. ponderosa 24 m. 200° B2 96 3 40 2 cones chewed by S. griseus P. ponderosa 24 m. 183° B2 0 P. ponderosa 7 m. 128° D2 84 7 20 P. ponderosa 6 m. 280° D1 2 0 0 P. ponderosa 4 m. 312° D1 4 P. lambertii 16 m. 330° D1 10 16 13 One green cone open; 1 half-eaten; 390% eaten, 28+ conolots P. ponderosa 20 m. 341° D1 47 13 2 25 cores only partially eaten, 5 small half-burned brown cones, 1 green cone, 1 partially eaten core left. P. ponderosa 23 m. 345° D1 2 P. ponderosa 17 m. 10° D1 4 0 0 P. ponderosa 19 m. 40° D1 2 0 1 P. ponderosa 30 m. 290° D1 27 7 35 13 cores only partially eaten, 1 partially eaten. P. ponderosa 32 m. 293° D1 6 1 green cone left under trees. P. ponderosa 30 m. 320° D1 35 2 20 13 cores only partially eaten, 1 partially eaten cone left half buried. P. ponderosa 36 m. 310° D1 0 P. ponderosa 37 m. 318° D1 0 P. ponderosa 22 m. 333° E1 62 5 30 1 green cone left half buried. P. lambertii 27 m. 332° E1 0 18 37 all cones on ground were brown, 4+ conolots
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ford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 5 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~ 4300 ft. Continuation of Table of Seed-producing conifers. Sp. | Location | Number of Cores | Number of cones on ground | Estimated Number of Cones on tree | Comments P. ponderosa | 21m. 207° E1 | 54 | 12 | 27 | 6 ground cones were green; they were left where they were. 3 were half buried. P. lambertiana | 15m. 242° E1 | 1 | 23 | 48 | The core had a few scales left and was complete. None of the cones were green. 20 + P. ponderosa | 15m. 722° F1 | 60 | 9 | 40 | 2 cones chewed by S. griseus; I kept 1. * P. ponderosa | 6m. 348° G1 | 177 | 10 | 27 | 4 cones were green and were left. ½ of this twin tree had been cut. P. lambertiana | 17m. 157° F1 | 7 | 16 | 10 | 7 cones were green and left. P. ponderosa | 24m. 21° HØ | 34 | 0 | 15 | Twin tree. 7 of the ground cones were green - left there. P. lambertiana | 11m. 348° G1 | 4 | 4 | 30 | 3 cones were green - left there. P. ponderosa | 24m. 17° HØ | 36 | 0 | 0 | P. ponderosa | 25m. 9° HØ | | | 2 | P. ponderosa | 31m. 358° HØ | 13 | 0 | 0 | P. lambertiana | 29m. 352° HØ | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 of the ground cones was green - it was half eaten. 2 + complete. P. ponderosa | 12m. 273° G3 | 19 | 1 | 10 | the ground cone was brown, closed. All cores were 5-7 cm. - I only partially chewed. P. ponderosa | 9m. 282° G3 | | | 0 | 15 of the 18 ground cones were green, left half buried. P. ponderosa | 16m. 56° A2 | 163 | 18 | 75 | 6 cones on tree were brown, closed. * P. lambertiana | 9m. 81° A2 | 37 | 18 | 60 | 3 half-eaten cones were left as were 3 mostly eaten cores left as were 16 of ground cones! were small, brown, closed. P. ponderosa | 3m. 175° D3 | 35 | 1 | 30 | P. lambertiana | 13m. 332° G2 | 24 | 17 | 25 | 6 cores only partially eaten. P. ponderosa | 10m. 54° E3 | 87 | 0 | 15 | 5 cores only partially eaten. 19 uncounted cores were added. * P. ponderosa | 6m. 348° G1 | 20 | not counted | 45 | note higher cone estimate. P. ponderosa | 8m. 349° H2 | 16 | 0 | 2 | cores mostly small. * These are the same tree.
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Koford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 13 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. On my way up to the campground I stopped in Sacramento and got a set of hand clippers to clip fur off the squirrels. I also stopped in Nevada City and got some dry ice and arrived at the campground at about 15-00. I set out 8 live traps and put in about 10 more stakes in the grid. Since I wanted to add more stakes north of the A1, B1, C1 etc. line I numbered the next line north as A2, B2, etc. The line north of that will be A-1, B-1, etc., then A-2, B-2, etc. if I get that far. I watched squirrels from 1800 until 1920, finding a family of chickarees. Most of the sugar pine cones which remain on the trees are open and many of the Ponderosa Pine cones are too. - Sky clear, wind light, temp. was around 80°F when I arrived. 14 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 I watched squirrels from 0642 until 1930 concentrating on the family I had discovered. One squirrel was recaptured and in trying to improve her mark I found that the hair clippers I'd bought didn't work on the fine fur of chickarees. - Sky clear, wind light, temp. approx. 60°F to 80°F. 15 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I watched the nest hole from 0625 until 0710, then went back to the truck and saw a very small juvenile chickaree on the way. I went in to Nevada city to get some dry ice and discovered that
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Koford, Rolf P. 1974 Journal 15 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co, Calif. ~4300 ft. the dairy is closed on Sundays. I saw a Western Gray Squirrel on the way back and managed to get a good look, unlike previous times I've tried. I watched squirrels from 1000 until 1500, recapturing one squirrel and capturing a new one, then again from 1515 until 1925, catching another squirrel which escaped before she could be marked completely. - Sky clear, wind light; temp. about 60°F to 80°F 16 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co, Calif. ~4300 ft. I watched squirrels from 0630 to 0745, then went into Nevada City for dry ice and groceries. Then I watched squirrels from 0915 until 1925 with a half hour break for lunch. There were few campers in the campground. I juvenile marked. - Sky clear, wind light; temp. about 60°F - 80°F 17 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co, Calif. ~4300 ft. I watched squirrels from 0643 until 0805, then from 0830 until 1330, when I went into Nevada City for more dry ice. I watched again from 1530 until 1914. Again, there were few campers in the campground. No squirrels marked. Sky clear, wind light; temp. about 60°F to 80°F. 18 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co, Calif. ~4300 ft. I watched squirrels from 0636 to 0720, then 0800 until 1230 One squirrel was recaptured Sky clear, wind light; temp. from low 60's to low 80's (°F). 20 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co, Calif. ~4300 ft. Arriving about 1700, I set out the traps, recapturing one squirrel. - Sky clear, wind light; temp. around 70°F at 1700.
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Koford, Rolf F. 1974 Journal 21 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I watched squirrels from 0730 until 1910, with a half hour break for lunch. Most of the sugar pine cones are open now, and the Steller's Jays are actively knocking out seeds. About 2/3 of the Ponderosa pine cones are also open. Three squirrels were caught and 3 more recaptured, with raw peanuts, walnuts, and half-eaten sugar pine cones as bait. - Wind light, sky clear - Temp. from low 60's to low 80's (°F) 22 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300' I watched squirrels from 0730 until 1910 with a half hour break for lunch. I spent most of my time in an area which had a resident squirrel which was very secretive, trying to find out if it was marked [illegible] recapture. Sky clear, wind light, temp. from low 60's to low 80's (°F) 23 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300: After checking the traps in the morning (1 recapture) I secured the doors open and left the campground area to collect some females for reproductive information. I spent the morning a few miles west, then got some dry ice, and spent the afternoon a few miles west along Hwy 20. I heard and saw very few squirrels, and they were either juveniles, males, or out of range. I returned to the campground at 1800 and reset the traps. Though I looked for squirrels around the campground, I saw none. - Sky clear, wind light, temp. from low 60's to low 80's (°F)
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Koford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 24 Sept. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I looked for squirrels around the area south of the campground and in it from 0700 until 1230 and from 1730 until 1845. I spent most of the afternoon unsuccessfully trying to collect females at a site about 5 mi. east of the campground. I left the campground at 1930. Sky clear, temp ~60-80°F. 28 Nov. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I arrived at the campground at 1500. It was closed for the season on 4 Oct. so there's no water or toilet facilities. One family was there when I arrived, but they left at about 1600. The purpose of this trip is to check the marked squirrels and to put ear tags on them if the marks don't look like they're developing white fur. The black oaks have lost most of their leaves and there are also many dead ponderosa pine needles on the road and forest floor. Once in a while the wind blows more oak leaves and ponderosa pine comes down. I set out 8 live traps in areas where I'd marked squirrels, but only saw 1 squirrel close to the forest service buildings. It seemed strangely quiet with respect to squirrel noises - I heard only 1 churring call and 1 alarm call all afternoon. It had evidently snowed here recently: the ground was wet and frozen in places and I found one small patch of snow. The wind was light, sky clear, temp. in the low 50's (°F). I camped in space 44.
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Koford, Rolf F. 1974 Journal 29 Nov. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. - ~4300 ft. I looked for squirrels from 0700 to 0945, then went into Nevada City for food and gas. Started looking again at 1115 when I released squirrel CE, which had been trapped earlier. I looked until 1700, but saw very few squirrels. I also heard very few. I did see a flock of 8 Band-tailed pigeons, several robins and red-breasted nuthatches, a couple white-headed woodpeckers, and a hairy woodpecker. Cloud cover was light, less than 5%, moving to the north. Wind 3-10 mph., Temp. was 39°F at 0700, 48°F at 1400, and 42°F at 1700, at which time it was quite dark. 30 Nov. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. - ~4300 ft. I looked for squirrels from 0655 until 1645 in and around the campground except for about 2 hours when I went about 4 miles west to look along the road at a lower elevation. Larry Riggs spent a couple hours here around noon. I saw a few squirrels but trapped none. There was a big group of robins (>10), a varied thrush, several brown creepers, many chickadees, a Steller's jay, and some kind of wren near and in the campground. There were many deer tracks and scat, and one coyote dropping. Wind was light, sky clear, temp. 39°F at 0700, 48°F at 1330, 42°F at 1630.
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Koford, Ralf R. 1974 Journal 1 Dec. White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. ~4300 ft. I watched, or rather looked for, squirrels from 0656 until 1230, with a 20-min. break for breakfast. I caught 1 squirrel and gave it an ear tag. I also went around to many of the trees I had catalogued earlier in the year to add information on what had happened since my earlier attempt to get an idea of cone production and consumption. Wind light, temp. in the 40's (°F). I left shortly after 1230. Table of additional cones and cores found under trees in the study area. Sp. | Location | Number of Cones | Number of Cones on ground | Estimated Number of Cones a tree | Comments P.lambertiana | 9m. 81° A2 | 4 | 3 | not counted | 1 of ground cones was partially eaten P.lambertiana | 13m. 61° A2 | | | not counted | P.ponderosa | 16m. 56° A2 | 2 | 0 | not counted | P.ponderosa | 5m. 310° B2 | 84 | 0 | not counted | 82 were brown, 2 were reddish. Most came from base of white fir 7m. NW of Pine. P.ponderosa | 24m. 200° B2 | 3 | 0 | not counted | 2 were only partially eaten P.ponderosa | 24m. 183° B2 | | | not counted | P.lambertiana | 16m. 330° D1 | 3 | 18 | not counted | 1 core was only partially eaten (Cones) left as they were. 1 core was only partially eaten P.lambertiana | 27m. 332° E1 | 2 | 3 | not counted | P.lambertiana | 11m. 348° G1 | 1 | 3 | not counted | 1 cone showed white-headed woodpecker hole 3 cones left as were P.ponderosa | 6m. 348° G1 | 1 | 0 | not counted | The core was more reddish than the pile I'd collected earlier.
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Koford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 9 Dec. 5665 Hardy Ave, San Diego, San Diego Co., Calif. Dr. Lidicker, Larry Riggs, Pete Escherich, and I left U.C. Berkeley at 0930 in the MV2 pickup and camper. We got gas in Berkeley, went east via Hwy 580 to Tracy, where we got some cringed oats and chicken scratch to use as nice bait. From there we went south on Hwy 5, stopping for lunch for 1/2 hr., dinner for 1 hr., and arriving at San Diego (IBP Project House, 5665 Hardy Ave) at around 2120. We had arranged to stay at the house gratiz through Bill Glanz. The main purpose of the expedition is to gather blood and chromosome samples from the Microtus californicus subspecies in Baja. Also, though, we want to survey the Sierra de Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Mártir in general. I hope to find Tamiasciurus in the conifer zone. Apparently, too, Sciurus carolinensis were introduced in the San Pedro Mártir in the mid-40's, and Huey (1962) suggested that they may endanger the local chickaree. The main party (the other 3 plus Dave Krohne, who will come down later) will cross the border coming back on the 18th, planning to be back in Berkeley by the 19th of Dec. I may stay in Baja several more days with Bill Glanz. The valley was foggy most of the way down, with cool temperatures and light wind. We saw many American kestrels, rock doves, meadowlarks, coots, and Brewer's blackbirds. Also a mountain blackbird, turkey vulture, loggerhead shrike, redwinged blackbirds, ring-necked pheasant, and a marsh hawk. Also several Beechy ground squirrels.
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Koford, Rolf R 1974 Journal 10 Dec. 20mi E, 1 mi S Tecate, Baja California del Norte, Mexico ~1000 m. We talked with Bill Glanz at the IBP Project House in San Diego and arranged to meet him at La Salina. He and Dave Bradford are supposed to pick up Dave Krohn and meet us at La Salina on the afternoon of 11 Dec. We left the IBP house soon after 0900 and got tourist cards at the Mexican consulate (1007 5th st.) with only about a 20 min. wait. We were also able to get Mexican insurance on the same floor. After some last minute shopping in San Diego, we went southeast along Hwy 94, getting gas outside of town and having our antifreeze checked at a Texaco station (gas was 56¢/gal.). We crossed the border at Tecate having to go in and get our tourist cards stamped. We then tried to find a Microtus collecting locality which C. Lamb had found in 1927. We turned north onto a fair-sized dirt road heading north off the highway going east from Tecate at a point about 16 miles east of Tecate. A couple miles north of the highway we came to an old streambed, lined with live oaks (Q agrifolia probably) and a couple willows. We figured that that streambed was Lamb's locality. The whole surrounding area was flat or gently rolling low hills covered with several species of brush (chenise, manzanita, a light-red-barked bush with long scaly leaves). We looked around the area, especially in amongst bushes with grass growing under them. The grass was sparse, but some seemed cut. We also found several willow twigs
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Rotford, Rolf 1974 Journal 10 Dec. 20k E, 1 mi. S Tecate, Baja California del Norte, Mexico ~1000 m. which had been gnawed off, apparently with 3 or 4 bites. We found several Neotoma nests and figured they had done most of the chewing. None of the scats looked like Microtus sign. Rabbit pellets and woodrat scats were abundant. We talked to a local farmer who had just put in a well and found out from him that the water table was about 40 ft. down. We went back toward the highway, then went east about 2 1/2 miles along a dirt road which ran parallel to the highway. Then we turned north and went another couple miles, passing a farm with goats, pigs, cattle, horses, and a very open field. We set up camp just north of the fenced field and started setting out traps at about 1530. We set out over a hundred large folding Sherman's, 8 small Tomahawks, a couple dozen gopher traps. There were quite a few holes about 3 cm. in diam., some apparent woodrat nests in the rocks, and some gopher mounds. The habitat was similar to the place a couple miles west - brush with sparse grass, large boulders in spots, a few scattered oaks. The temp. at 2000 hrs was 26 deg F and the sky was clear. The day had been clear, wind light but increasing at dusk. We saw a dark brown bobcat and Dr. Lidicker saw a coyote from a distance. Also red-tailed hawks, scrub jays, Calif. quail, western kingbird, bushtit, Lawrence's goldfinch, red-shafted flicker.
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Koford, Rolf R. 1974 Journal 11 Dec. Arroyo Martinez mouth, Rancho La Burita, Baja California del Norte, Mexico ~10 ft. We picked up all the traps except for a few gopher sets. I caught 2 gophers from 6 sets, one at night, one during the day. No woodrats were caught in 3 non-folding tomahawks I set by apparent woodrat nests in the rocks. Four Peromyscus, two Dipodomys were cought in 20 large folding Shermand Larry and Dr. Lickicker set up the centrifuge and took plasma, hemolygth, and tissue (liver and kidney) samples from the animals while Pete and I put up the skins. Later Larry and Dr. Lidicker also put up a few skins. We did not finish processing all the material but had to leave for a rendevous with Bill Glanz, Dave Bradford, and Dave Krohe at 1400. We went through Tijuana, getting some money changed there, and onto the toll road. We exited at La Solina and met the others on the beach there, then went north on the *free road for several miles to a town just north of a wide (~1/2 mile) arroyo with salt marsh in the bottom. We camped near the north end on a road jutting into the marsh. We set out traps in lines. Dr. Lidicker and Pete found fresh Microtus sign about 1/4 mile east of our camping spot. Larry found old Microtus scats among the Salicornia. I found a hole about 3 cm. in diam. with a mound of dirt to the side and put a gopher trap in it. The sky was clear all day. Sunrise at ~0630, temp. 75° thm. Midday temp. in high 50's(°F); sunset ~1630. Wind 5-10 mph.
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Koford, Rolf 1974 Journal 12 Dec. 7.5 mi. due west of Mecedero, Baja California del Norte, Mexico ~ 150 ft. We only caught 1 Reithrodontomys (Dr. Lidicker did) and left after breakfast. We went south to Ensenada, where we got some food, then south about 7 miles to the Punta Banda turnoff. We turned west and went several miles along the road looking for Microtus habitat. Finally we set up camp 7.5 mi west of Mecedero, to the north of the road. A small dirt road turned off and went downhill to a place which was formerly the Three Sisters campground. We set up camp there and put up skins and processed tissue and blood of the animals still alive. The Dipodomys had all died, but the Peromyscus were doing okay. About 1500 Dave Krehno, Bill Glanz, Dave Bredford, and I went back west on the road to set out traps in some more mesic and grassy areas. We found some scats which appeared to be Microtus-like, but no cuttings or runways. We set some traps in a ditch with grass, an alfalfa field, and a couple old pepper fields, returning to camp after dark. The others had in the meantime processed more material and set out traps around camp. The area here was dry agaves and chaparral, almost next to a cliff going down to the bay by Ensenada. Dr. Lidicker and Pete had seen some Microtus-type cuttings around camp. We saw a couple Berkeley ground squirrels on the way here. Also seen today were Cormorants, white and brown pelicans, a burrowing owl, snowy plover, sandpipers, white-tailed kite kestrel, red-tailed hawk, western kingbird, crow, raven, western meadowlark, etc. Wind 5-15 mph; temp. mid-40's to about 60°F; sky clear,
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Roford, R. 1974 Journal 13 Dec. 5 mi. W, 1/4 mi. S San Telmo de Abojo, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico We checked the traps in the flat area 2 miles west of Maneadero before breakfast. I caught nothing in the 21 traps I set in two old pepper fields, but 4 Peromyscus maniculatus, 3 Mus musculus, and a Mustela frenata. The latter may be a range extension and was caught by Bill Glantz. The people trapping 7.5 miles west of Maneadero cached Neotoma lepida and N. fuscipes, Perognathus fallax, several Dipodomys agilis. We put up skins and processed material until after noon, then went south on Hwy 1 to a shallow arroyo several miles south of Colonet. We drove west down a road which paralleled the arroyo to within about a mile of the ocean, camping by some bushes (Rus farina). The habitat was very dry, with many agaves, several species of spiny cactus, and low shrubs. We set traps in various places - some on a small hill, some in a narrow arroyo with Rus, which the hills didn't have, some in the flat sandy area, some on flat hardpan above the sand. The elevation was probably less than 50 ft. There was some cloud cover, up to about 50%, in the early afternoon, but the sky was again clear by nightfall. It seemed quite humid in the evening, with dew beginning to form. We checked our traps around 2300, after putting up more skins and processing more blood and tissues. I caught one Neotoma lepida. The wind was light mostly, gusting to about 30 in the late afternoon. Temp ~ 40-60°F.
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Koford, Rolf 1974 Journal 14 Des. Corona de Abajo, 72/3 mi. E Meling Ranch, Bajo Calif. del Norte, Mexico ~6400 ft. Out of my 17 traps I caught one Peromyscus maniculatus, 1 P. eremicus, and the 1 Neotoma from yesterday evening. Others caught a Perognathus fallax, several Dipodomys which could not be assigned absolutely to species. Dave Bradford also caught 9 Neotoma lepida and the rest of the people caught 5 more, Peromyscus maniculatus and P. eremicus were also caught in abundance. We eat, then processed more material and put up more skins until about 1300. Then we went back to Hwy 1, north about 1 mile to the Observatory road, then east on it past Meling Ranch to the National Park. At the check station we were told that the park was closed until Dec. 27, so we went back down the road a couple hundred meters and camped. I set out 5 Skylers, 4 Conibears (both snap traps), 6 non-collapsible and 2 collapsable Havaharts (live trap) while the others set out large folding Shermans. Dr. Lidicker and Pete Escherick set below the camp, while Larry Riggs, Dave Bradford, Bill Glanz went back down the hill to Oak Crossing, .3 mi. uphill from the 28 km. road marker, and set traps there. There were oaks (Quercus agrifolia), 4 apple trees, and grass at Oak Pasture, about 500 m. south of oak crossing by a path that lead through a barbed-wire gate. Around Corona de Abajo there were widely spaced big Jeffrey pines with brush, mostly Antostaphylias below. It was very
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Koford, R. 1974 Journal 14 Dec. Corona de Abajo, 2 3/4 mi. E Meling Ranch, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico ~6400 ft. rocky in places, with rugged terrain almost everywhere. Pete Escoler saw a chipmunk (Eutamias merriami) run across the road and some thought it might have been a chickaree. I looked for chickaree sign as I set traps (I used black walnuts for bait) but saw no cone cores from this year though there were many of this years cones on the ground. There were small pools of water in a streambed north of our camp and birds (pygmy nuthatch, hermit thrushes mostly) seemed to use the pools for drinking. After we set up camp we processed material and put up skins until about midnight. At San Telmo de Abajo site we saw Audobon's warblers, white-crowned sparrows, Calif quail, American kestrel, brown towlees, mountain bluebirds. At the two San Pedro Martir localities we saw scrub jays, many pygmy nuthatches, red-slatted flicker, Oregon juncos, hermit thrushes, robin, fox sparrow, mountain chickadees, white-crowned sparrows, song sparrow, ruby-crowned kinglet, western bluebird, red-tailed hawk. The sky was clear, wind light, temp. around 45° F in the morning, rising to about 70° F. 15 Dec. 9.2 mi. E, 6.6 mi. S Colonia Cardenas, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico ~1050 m. We checked our traps in the morning and left them set if they hadn't caught an animal. At Corona de Abajo Peromyscus maximilator truei and Neotoma fascipes were caught. I got nothing in my squirrel traps, which I picked up around noon shortly before we left. Oak crossing yielded ( Eutamias merriami (colli Bradford) and Peromyscus boylii
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Koford, R. 1974 Journal 15 Dec. 9.2 mi. E, 6.6 mi. S Colonia Cardenas, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico ~ 1050m, and P. truii, and Neotoma fuscipes, in addition to 3 Batrachoseps which were caught by Bradford, Glanz, and Eschrich near what seemed to be permanent water coming from a spring at Oak pasture. We spent the morning sorting, sexing, and taking reproductive data from Peromyscus maniculatus from San Telmo. See Dr. Lidicker's field notes for details. We left around noon, stopping at Oak Crossing and walking to Oak pasture. We took about an hour to look for more salamanders and to enjoy the green meadow. Then we went back down the mountain, turning north toward Mike's Sky Rancho about a mile west of the valley that Poling Ranch is in. We went to Mike's, then toward the Valle de Trinidad. We got to within a couple miles of the main road going into Colonia Cardenas and decided to camp where we could still be within trapping distance of the rocky hills. We camped about 100 m. E of the road at the base of the hills, overlooking a wide flat valley. We were apparently at the upper end of the Lower Sonoran zone, because we had just seen creosote bush and ocotillo. In addition to those, there were several barrel cacti in the area, many yuccas, some acacias, some cholla, and a lot of sand. We set up camp and spent the evening processing material and putting up skins, in addition to setting out traps. There were many Dipodomys holes around, and several
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Koford, R. 1974 Journal 15 Dec. 9.2 mi. E, 6.6 mi. S Colonia Cardenas, Baja Calif.del Norte, Mexico ~1050m. large holes which could have been kit fox dens. We had seen a bobcat at about 1530 between our camp and Mike's Sky Rancho. We also saw a roadrunner, Nuttall's woodpecker, Hairy woodpecker, (these near Mike's) Audubon's warbler, Kinglet, scrub jay, Oregon junco, red-tailed hawk, Kingfisher, and raven. The sky was 50% covered by wispy clouds in the morning with light wind. By late afternoon the wind was gusting to ~30 mph but it was not too cold (~45° F). 16 Dec. Rancho Sangre de Cristo, 31 1/2 mi. E Ensenada, Baja Calif. del Norte, Mexico ~850m. Out of 19 traps (folding Sherman's) I caught two Peromyscus eremicus (one on the hill under a rock, one on the flat area), two P. maniculatus, five Dipodomys. My one large collapsible Havahart baited with two Dipodmys carcasses yielded nothing. The others caught these species plus P. Escobrick caught a Perognathus. There were two kinds of Dipodomys, D. merriami and a five-toed one, maybe D. heermanni. Dave Bradford caught a Neotoma lepida in the rocks on the hill. We processed material and did skins all morning. Dave Bradford and Bill Glantz left mid-morning after helping with the processing. 17 Dec No notes taken by me. Our next locality was to 19th. 1/2 mi. S La Mision Arroyo Martinez, then back to San Diego, where I went E to Albuquerque and the others went back to the SF. by air.
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Koford, Rolf 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Ca., Cal. K ~ 4300 ft. 3 Jan. Arrived 1250 to stay for a couple days in order to find out if my marking procedure has worked. There were small patches of snow above Nevada City, with snow cover becoming 100% just west of the National Forest boundary. The snow was between 6" and 2 ft. deep, with large globs on most of the trees. These globs fell off the trees throughout the day. The snow was littered with dead leaves from Black oak, Ponderosa Pine, and incense cedar, many twigs from Douglas fir, some twigs from Ponderosa pine, incense cedar, and cones from Douglas fir, sugar pine, and ponderosa pine. Deer tracks were numerous, as were people tracks around the campground entrance. There were some domestic dog tracks and other tracks which may have been coyote. Some tracks from cross-country skis went through the study site and campground. A parking area had been plowed out on both the campground entrance side and the Picnic Area side of the Hwy. This is where I parked. I walked around the campground and study site for a couple hours, finding 6 sets of squirrel tracks (3 within 10m. of each other, across an open space east of squirrel E's territory), 4 holes in the snow which had been dug out by squirrels (duff brought up), one core, a partially eaten cone, and scales (all P. pine) just south of the big incense cedar several m. south of the P. pine 15m. 222° F1, one partially eaten P. pine cone on E's territory, and at least 5 cores plus scales in a 8x5 ft. area just
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Roford, Roll 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 95960. 3 Jan. north of the oak next to the trail midway between stake F1 and stake F2. I didn't hear a single squirrel vocalization all day. I did see a white-headed woodpecker, downy woodpecker, and a couple Virginia creeper. - Cloud cover about 50% at noon, increasing to 100% in early afternoon. Wind light. Temp. 39°F at 1600. 4 Jan. I watched and looked for squirrels from 0700 until 1650, with short breaks for breakfast and lunch. I stayed around the study site until mid-afternoon when I went east on Hwy 20 to the Excelsior Ditch turnoff, parking the truck at 1500 in the turnout. I wanted to see what the squirrel density in the white fir area south of Steephollow Creek was like. I crossed the Hwy, went east for a couple hundred meters, then southeast following road 17N29 to the fire tanker water supply on Steephollow Cr. I then followed the creek up to a small campground, then south up the hill to a logging road which I followed southwest up the hill. This area was almost entirely white fir, with some incense cedar. I then walked east along the crest of the hill for about 1/4 mile, then down the hill (north) back to the creek and the road, crossing it several hundred meters above the camp. I walked parallel to the road back to the truck. In the 1 hr. I'd spent walking through the white fir area I saw 6 sets of squirrel tracks,
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Koford, Rolf 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co. Calif. ~4300 ft. 4 Jan. most being hundreds of meters long. There were also a few dug holes, but no sign of cone scales or cores. Several incense cedars (small) and Ponderosa Pines had flakes of bark strewn below them, perhaps due to the squirrels. No deer tracks were seen. The 35 minutes I spent walking through lower, more mixed and open forest yielded 11 tracks. I returned to the campground area (White Cloud) at 1625 and looked for squirrels until 1650 when it got too dark. It had snowed about 1 cm last night, making tracking conditions good. Hence, all tracks seen today, both at the study site and near Steephollow Cr., were tracks made today. This morning I saw tracks in the central part of what used to be squirrel CE's territory, around C2, in the northeast part of what used to be squirrel E's territory - midway between D1 and D6, and around stake H2. Three more sets of tracks were seen in the campground. One dug hole was found near stake D1, but no cores or cone scales were found nearby. Around noon I took some pictures, but had to search quite a while to find a set of tracks that wasn't obliterated by the constant drip of melting snow. It snowed a little last night and snowed lightly from 0700 until 0720, then harder from 0740 until 0830. Temp. was 32°F. It warmed up during the day and was drippy all day. It remained
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Koford, Rolf 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4 miles east of Nevada City, Nevada Co., Ca. ~4300 ft. 4 Jan. overcast until after sunset, when it cleared up completely. Wind was light. 5 Jan. I looked for squirrels from 0710 until 0930, when I left, eating breakfast from 0800 until 0830. There were still globs of snow on some trees, but not nearly as much as there had been 2 days ago. The snow was crusty, not good for tracking. Temp. at 0700 was 32°, sky clear all morning.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 miles E. Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 ft. (9DST) 23 March I arrived a little after 1700, having come through Grass Valley and Nevada City. It was raining lightly but had evidently snowed recently. First snow was seen a couple miles east of Grass Valley, near Brunswick Road, about 2500 ft. Snow cover was complete at about 3000 ft. The snow cover at the campground was about 0.5 m. deep in most places, but as little as 15 cm. in some. I didn't try to watch squirrels, figuring that they didn't like the drizzly weather any more than I did. The temperature was about 35-40° F (not measured) and the wind light. 24 March It rained all day, the intensity varying from light to hard. Two Forest Service employees came to work on fixing up the inside of one of their buildings. They were Wes and Wendell Terborg (sp?). They hunt Gray Squirrels and we talked for about half an hour about both sp. of tree squirrels. I didn't really learn anything new. I then spent about an hour and a half walking around looking for squirrel sign, but the snow was very soft and walking was difficult. For the rest of the day I stayed in the camper and read. One of the brothers had said it was snowing at 5000 ft., but all I had was rain. 25 March It was snowing very wet snow in the morning. Since the weather report predicted snow through the night, I went down to Grass Valley at 1000, staying there until noon, when the rain stopped. It was about 40° F in the early afternoon
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E. Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 ft. 25 March and I looked for squirrels or squirrel sign for the rest of the day. I didn't see any squirrels, but did find some tracks and places where the squirrels had dug up cached cones. Though I searched the territories of squirrels EF, E, and CE fairly well, making transects about 10 m. apart, I found no diggings or freshly eaten cones. The only tracks I saw came from the campground. Tracking conditions are good, since any tracks seen were made after noon or so. I saw tracks of a few other mammals, too. I quit looking at (POST) 1915, around sunset. The only churring calls I heard were in the early afternoon. There is a lot of bark lying under the incense cedars - could have been peeled off by squirrels. I haven't seen any sap drops on the young cedars. The sky was mostly clear in the afternoon, and the wind picked up considerably, bending trees and making a lot of noise. Temp. at 1915 was 37°F. The night was clear and there was an almost-full moon. 26 March The snow had a firm crust on it where it had melted or been rained on yesterday, so I could cover a lot more ground per unit time than I could yesterday. I spent an hour and a half in the morning walking around the study area south of the campground, but saw no squirrels and no new sign. I then
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 ft. 26 March drove up to the vicinity of Steephollow Creek. I only saw 1 set of tracks in the open forest on the flat ridge north of the creek in an hour of walking around the area. I couldn't even walk around on the north-facing slope with dense White Fir cover to the south of the creek, because the crust wasn't there. On the way back I spent about an hour walking around on top of the flat hill to the north of Hwy 20 about 1/4 mile E of the campground. I saw at least 5 sets of tracks but since they were not in good condition I couldn't be sure they weren't Gray Squirrel tracks. Wes and Wendell said they'd seen one only 100 m. west of the campground entrance, and I saw one about 200 m. east of the entrance on my way to Steephollow Cr. I returned to White Cloud campground and looked for squirrels in the study area, then went on a 1-hour track-finding trip starting near the heliport and going zig-zag to the west, then north along the west end of the study area and across the power line swath. I saw 12 sets of tracks that looked like chipmunks and 2 more that seemed to be Gray Squirrel tracks, being wider apart and having the front paw marks further behind the hind feet. I took a dinner break, then
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Kotford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 ft. 26 March looked around for another hour or so, quitting at 1825. The temperature had gotten up to 38°F, but the crust hadn't gotten too soft to walk on in most places, though it did soften up. Temp. at 0815 had been 26°F. The wind was gusty at times, up to 20 mph., especially in the morning, but the afternoon was calmer. Cloud cover was 0-5%. The following is a list of vertebrate species seen during the last two days. None have Sp. Accounts. 60+ Golden-crowned Kinglets 10+ Steller Jays 3 Mountain Chickadees 1 Brown Creeper 2 White-headed Woodpeckers 1 Red-shafted Flicker 1 Turkey Vulture 1 Winter Wren 1 Varied Thrush (♀) 4 Red-breasted Nuthatches Also, tracks of these: 1 Western Gray Squirrel Coyote Deer Snowshoe Hare Western Gray Squirrel (ppsr) 27 March I looked for squirrels from 0710, shortly after sunrise, until about 0930, seeing one. I also saw a Western Gray Squirrel on the north side of Hwy 20 across from the campground entrance. I had breakfast and then left the area shortly after 1000. The snow was still crusty so I didn't really expect to see any new tracks. The wind was fairly steady, from N at 15-20 mph. Temp. at 0710: 26°F, at 1000: 34°F. No cloud cover.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal Upper Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. 3900 ft. March 30 I was on a camping trip with a few friends, among them Bonnie Bowen. We had arrived in the valley on March 28 and were stayed in Lower Pines campground. On March 29 we'd all gone up toward Nevada Falls, though we couldn't actually get to the falls. On the 30th, Bonnie and I spent the early afternoon walking around between the Indian Cave and Mirror Lake, at where we saw a mating bout involving Western Gray Squirrels. The sky was clear on the 29th and 30th, with light wind. The temperature ranged from about 30°F to about 55°F. There was no snow on the ground in many places on the valley floor, but patches a few meters across persisted in spots. The rim of the valley had 100% snow cover and the north-facing slopes around the Nevada Falls trail had up to 4 ft. of snow. The south-facing slopes were almost clear. The trails were icy in the morning but soft by the afternoon. In the afternoon, ice and snow fell off the north-facing cliffs accompanied by avalanche-like sounds of ice splitting and cracking off the walls. The quantity of ice that fell was small, but the chunks had considerable velocity by the time they got down to the trail. The flora of the valley floor was mostly Douglas Fir, Canyon Live Oak, and Ponderosa Pine, with some Incense Cedar, Black Oak, and meadow plants.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 ± ft. April March 3 I arrived at the campground at about 1300, from the west. It had been raining most of the way up, and the rain turned to snow at about 3600 ft. At that elevation the first patches of snow appeared, too. There was considerably less snow on the ground than there had been the week before. The weather had been clear since the last storm (which ended March 25) and much of the snow melted. Most of the campground was under about 1 ft. of snow, but there were almost bare patches in some places, like under some picnic tables. The snow stopped at about 1515, but the sky was completely overcast with very low-hanging clouds for the rest of the day. I walked around the campground area after the snow stopped, looking for tracks or squirrels. I saw both. Much of the lower campground area had tracks on it, and the tracks weren't separable - they all ran together and doubled back on themselves in such a way that it was impossible to tell how many squirrels were involved. Two places had been cleared down to the ground - one at the base of a tree and the other under a picnic table, but I saw no cone scales. Several Incense Cedars, however, had strips and pieces of the scaly bark under them on top of the fresh snow. I watched
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 +/- ft. April 3 one squirrel for about an hour as it stripped bark off, and got some good observations. I also saw some fresh bird tracks and old coyote tracks. The branches of all the trees were covered with a small amount of snow (< 1 cm.) and the storm seems to have dropped about 2 in. of fresh snow on the ground. The area was fairly quiet - few cars going by on the Hwy - and the only birds I heard were Golden-crowned Kinglets. Two forest service trucks left the guard station in the late afternoon. The temp. at 1700 and 1920 was 32° F; wind was 5-15 mph. April 4 It snowed all day long, though there were breaks of a few minutes to half an hour. The consistency of the snow varied from light to quite wet. The sky was completely overcast all day. I went out to look for squirrels or sign from 0800 to 0930, 1230 to 1400, and 1700 to 1925. I found tracks in the campground in the morning, along with one hole which had been dug (dirt thrown out) but no cone scales which seemed new. There were some scales among the debris which had been thrown out of the hole. Though I made a cursory search of the study area in the morning I found no sign. The midday excursion was the least productive - I found no tracks. The late afternoon trip was worthwhile because, though I only saw a few sets of tracks, I could relate them temporally since
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 +/- ft. 4 April they were filling up with snow. I followed the most recent set, which started under a fallen incense cedar tree (leaves still green) about 75 m. SE of the gate to the helipad. The squirrel may have gotten onto the fallen tree via some nearby trees, thus leaving no tracks. From here the squirrel (Douglas Squirrel judging by the size) had gone roughly north, then circled around to the west, coming about 20 m. E of the easternmost pit toilet at the northern edge of the trip (where it had evidently gone up into the trees for about 10m.) then back south for about 118 m. (my paces) to a clump of small incense cedars and large conifers. Two of the incense Cedars had bark strewn beneath them that was lightly covered with snow. Probably the squirrel had torn it off. This finishing point was about 35 m. WSW of the initial fallen tree. pit toilet fallen tree 50 m. Heliapad gate The significant thing about this trip is that the total straight-line distance from one end to the other was over 100 m. There was one other set of older tracks which were probably Gray Squirrel tracks since they were larger. The track of both species in soft snow seems to be similar.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co: Calif. 4300 + ft. 4 April The trailing edge of the tracks are more abrupt, sometimes with two short extensions made by the foot. The leading edge (pointing in the direction of travel) also has two extensions, but they are closer together than the ones on the trailing edge. The distance between successive tracks is short in the deep snow - most often 30-40 cm. The size of the track varies depending on the hardness + depth of snow and the length of time since it was made. What I interpret as Douglas Squirrel tracks, though, have the two leading extensions about 5 cm. apart from center to center, whereas the Gray squirrel tracks are closer to 7 or 8 cm. Also the entire track of the larger squirrel is larger, though exact dimensions vary. Just as an example, the ones I saw today seemed to be about 10 cm. long while the Gray squirrels were about 15. At 1915 I saw a set of tracks, recently made since they weren't filled in at all and it was snowing lightly, which originated in the middle of an open space as an elongate indentation. The limbs of the nearby trees all had several inches of undisturbed snow on them, so it seemed very unlikely that a squirrel had jumped from a branch. I concluded that they were Flying Squirrel tracks. They were similar to Douglas Squirrel tracks, but many had bow-like light
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300+ ft. 4 April drag marks between them. Also there was an indentation at the rear of the track such as swollen testis might have made, though it may have been the base of the tail. The tracks went for about 25 m. on the ground, from tree to tree, ending within 1 m. of the base of an oak which had a hole about 2 ft. high with gnawed marks around it (See 27 March Tamiasciurus douglasii account). I had earlier put a section of Ponderosa Pine needle vertically across the opening of the hole (at about 1800) and it was gone at 1922, when the tracks led me to the hole. I put another needle across the entrance and it was still there at 2130. The other hole, higher up, had been almost completely covered with snow. It probably snowed at least 8 inches today, and the top of my camper had about 30 cm. of snow on it at sunset. The temp. was 29° F at 1300 and probably close to that all day. Wind was light, but at times up to about 20 mph. Most trees are laden with several inches of snow, but the tops of some are relatively free of it due to the wind. I saw no tracks of mammals other than squirrels, but did see these birds (No Sp. accounts). 3 Red-breasted Nuthatches 2 Hairy Woodpeckers 2 Brown Creepers 4 Golden-crowned Kinglets 1 Oregon Junco 3 Mountain Chickadees 4 Steller Jays
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 ± ft. 5 April I looked for squirrels from 0655 until 0730, then worked on digging the truck out of the snow, much of which a snowplow had piled up between the truck and the road. It also had snowed another 30 cm. the night before. It snowed lightly part of the morning, clearing quite a bit (blue sky and sunshine) for about half an hour - 0930 to 1000. I again looked for squirrels, mostly in the campground area, from 1030 to 1130, seeing one which had stored cones up in a tree (2nd time I've seen this), and from 1330 to 1440. During both morning excursions I saw a few sets of tracks, but only 1 during the early afternoon - near stake B2. It began snowing heavily again around 1800 - it had snowed about 3 cm. by then, and continued all afternoon for a total of about 10 cm. measured on the truck hood. It wasn't snowing at 2100. Temp. was 34° F at 1330; 32° F at 1500 when it was snowing. Wind was light. The trees are covered with snow - some up to 20 cm. or more on the branches. Many small Incense Cedar are bowed over. I saw Red-breasted Nuthatches break off scaly Incense Cedar bark in large quantities; Steller Jays and Mountain Chickadees seen to break off only a few pieces per tree. Birds seen: 2 Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers 1 Downy Woodpecker 10 Golden-crowned Kinglets 1 Brown Creeper 5 Mountain Chickadees 1 Townsend Solitaire 5 Red-breasted Nuthatches 2 Steller Jays
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., ca. 4300 ft. 6 April Judging by the amount of snow on my hood (of the truck) it snowed about another 10 cm. last night, but it wasn't snowing in the morning. In fact it didn't snow all day until 1720. It snowed about 3 cm. by 2130, when it was snowing very lightly. The day was mostly overcast but the sun did shine through occasionally in the early afternoon. Temp. at 1500 was 34°F and this, in combination with the sun, loosened a lot of the snow that was piled on the tree branches, resulting in a lot of big globs of snow hitting the ground. This obliterated the squirrel tracks in most places. At 1800 the temp. was 31°F and at 0830 it was 29°F. Wind was light. I looked for squirrels from 0830 to 1130 in the area north of Hwy 20 and in the campground, then went into Nevada City for supplies. I walked around again from 1500 until 1730 in the campground and the study area. The snow is quite deep - occasionally up to my waist - making walking difficult. I saw tracks in the study area around stake D2, but the most of the area was not good for tracking. I found two Ponderosa Pine cones on top of the snow - presumably ones that had opened last year and only now fallen off. One had 2 good seeds. Both had many seed "holes" indicating that they had opened already. I saw some small tracks of an unknown mammal.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 ft 6 April The tracks were about 10 cm. apart. In one case, a tail mark could clearly be seen and a dropping had been deposited. In the other, no tail mark could be seen, but they were less well defined generally. [diagram] k-10cm-→ No churring calls were heard, but the squirrels I saw gave alarm calls for a very long time. These birds were seen! (no sp. accounts) 3 Steller Jays 1 Brown Creeper 4 Mountain Chickadees 6 Golden-crowned Kinglets 2 Red-breasted Nuthatches I also saw a Western Gray Squirrel apparently licking salt off the road at about 3000 ft. on my way down to get groceries. There were 3 cars - families - here when I got back, and later a family with 2 snowmobiles that raced around the picnic area for a couple hours. 7 April There was only about 1 cm. of new snow around from last night and the early morning was overcast but snowless. Then it snowed fairly heavily from about 0845 until 1730, adding about 18 cm. to the already considerable snow depth. I looked for squirrels, seeing two, from 0830 to 1250 and from 1800 to 1935, mostly in the campground. Temp. was 28°F all day. Wind light. I saw 2 sets of snowshoe tracks.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 ft 8 April It didn't snow much last night - perhaps 1 cm. or so. The early morning was lightly overcast, then the total cloud cover broke up and there was 80-50% cloud cover, along with warm temperatures most of the morning. This resulted in much of the piled snow on the branches falling off in big globs and constant dripping under the trees. Then at 1315 it started to snow lightly and for the rest of the day, except for about an hour break around 1600, it snowed. Most of it was quite wet, though, and didn't stick to the road or the hood of the truck. After sunset the sky cleared up - stars could be seen at 2115. Temp. at 0830 was 29°F; at 1015 it was 40°F, at 1330 it was 34°F; at 1930 it was still 34°F; and at 2115 it was 32°. The tree drip continued even during the afternoon snow and in to the night. Wind was generally light. I was out looking for and at squirrels from 0830 until 1230, from 1615 until 1720, and from 1845 until 1935. I saw 2 squirrels and got some information on rate of cone eating. In general, with all the tree drip, tracking conditions were not good. However, in the morning I saw 2 Snowshoe Hare tracks and some tracks that may have been mice - Peromyscus maniculatus? They were clearer than those I'd seen on 6 April, and the front feet marks could be
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4200 ft. 8 April seen. The distance between the tracks varied from 10 cm. to 14 cm., and usually the tail mark was not visible (it was when the animal was going downhill, sometimes). → Birds seen (no sp. accounts) 3 Steller Jays 6 Golden-crowned Kinglets 2 Red-breasted Nuthatches 2 White-headed Woodpeckers 1 Downy Woodpecker (?) 1 Brown Creeper 9 April I set 6 Tomahawk noncollapsible traps in the area to the south of the slanted oak - baited with peanuts. Then I watched or looked for squirrels from 0900 until 1300 and from 1600 until 1948, getting more information on cone eating and finding (or confirming) the location of a nest hole. The day was warm - 34°F at 0900, 46°F at 1300 and 1500, 32°F at 1900. Snow melted off the trees all day so that by the end of the day there were just a few blobs of snow left in the trees. The morning was completely cloudiness, and much of the afternoon was about 50% overcast . Wind was light all day. I found some full-sized male catkins of Ponderosa Pine on the snow. Presumably they are from this season. I also found live pines with the male catkins still in buds - about 1 cm. long. Several oaks, too, have elongate swellings (~10cm.), apparently cased by some insect, on many of the tips of the branches. Some of these had been
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August 2, 1974 [illegible] that you were as far as it is at the bottom of your list. I'll stick to the same plan. (3) -- 80 (something) -- going now (things or so) over there? what's on the agenda? I can call her? I understand you'd be happy enough with regards: -- and I, which is not what we? more that most attendance doesn't last long. I can't believe how much it has to change at all. and things not added to whatever I think there's getting 2591 like 0371 and run 0371 show 0371 before anything significant two years ago as necessary now more two jobs at the time of method she is 3' 5'', 0371 two 0371 by 7'24'' 0379 "to 3' 45" it was like what did the caller want 0371 they now much you did to her at all. I felt please get back at it that once to work out a month's, etc. To have two medical physicians you would need more radio while they too better. There are no turbo and required to reduce this multi-lift over here? just not me yet. Obviously, were she or will grow the other way out there who I noticed before, just as if turbo - hard a little wider whereas (259) William stepped out at the sit up as your so tired, my of her too and not right by one? Allowed why do
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 ft 9 April Torn open, as if by squirrels trying to get at the insects. I have no idea which species of squirrel did it, though. I found a pile of feathers where a Red-shouldered Flicker had apparently been eaten. I also saw Snowshoe Hare and Gray Squirrel tracks. Birds were as usual, including White-headed Woodpecker. 10 April I looked for squirrels from 0840 to 1230, seeing one. I caught 1 Steller Jay in a trap, but no squirrels. I picked up the traps around noon and left soon after. The sun was intermittent - 50-80% cloud cover. Wind light (5 mph ±), occasionally harder, up to 25 mph. Temp. at 0900 was 37°F, at 1300 it was 48°F. There was still 2-3 ft. of snow in most places, with some places much deeper and some, especially under the trees, less deep. Only a few globs of snow remained on the trees. 16 April I arrived last night too late to do any observations. It had apparently snowed 3-4 cm. on the afternoon of the 15th and there is snow on the branches up to about 4 cm. I set 7 traps, catching 1 squirrel. The traps were in the campground area, 5 south of the planted oak, 2 by camp 9. I wanted to test the methoxyflurane as an anesthetic and the Lady Clairul Ultra Blue as a marking agent on squirrels which were not living in the study site. There is much less snow here now than there was last week - some places
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4300 ft 16 April are still covered with 3-4 ft. of snow, but there are rare places which are bare ground. There were many Chickaree tracks in all parts of the study area and campground. One squirrel was seen eating cones and there were a few holes in the snow. The morning was clear at times - about 50% cloud cover most of the time. It became completely overcast in the early afternoon and snowed about 1 cm. from 1500 to 1730. Wind was light. Temp. 31°F to 36°F. 17 April spent most of the day from 0700 until 2000 in the campground and study area, except for meals 0800 until 0830, 1130 to 1200, 1730 to 1800. I set out 7 more traps in the campground area, making 14 in all. 1 squirrel was caught and marked. A couple churring calls were heard. I saw snowshoe hare, gray squirrel, and coyote tracks in addition to about 8 sets of chickaree tracks - not as many as the 16th. Wind was light, cloud cover 10-50%. Temp. at 0700 - 27°F; at 1200 - 43°F; at 1500 - 40°F; at 1930 - 34°F. Birds seen (no sp. accounts): 2 White-headed Woodpecker 3 Mountain Chickadee 1 Oregon Junco 2 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 5 Gold-Crowned Kinglet 2 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 3 Stellar Jay. 18 April spent 0830 to 1230, 1500 to 2000 in the campground and study area, going into Nevada City in the early afternoon. One squirrel was recaptured. There are many Douglas Fir twigs with about 7mm. male catkin buds on the ground. Also, 2 holes with Sugar Pine seed coats near them. I saw skunk, coyote, and Gray Squirrel tracks. Wind light, overcast Pt. Temp. up to 43°F.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft ±, 11 mi. E. Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 19 April I spent 0830 to 2000 in the campground and study area, with only about 10 min. for lunch. I caught 3 squirrels, heard a couple churring calls. Of 14 traps, I moved 9 into the study area after catching the squirrels I wanted. A skunk had turned over 5 of the traps south of the slanted oak. Wind was light. Temp. at 0830 was 37°F; at 1400 was 44°F; at 2000 was 40°F. It was overcast until about 0830, then mostly clear, though never completely, for the rest of the day. 20 April I spent 0730 to 0830, 0900 to 1440, 1530 to 2015 in the campground and study area. No churring calls were heard. Two squirrels were caught— one that had been marked last year; the other had been marked a few days ago. All traps were left where they were except 2 which were in squirrel C's territory. These were moved about 50 m. Nw after she was caught. Wind was mostly light, though the treetops moved at times, as if the wind was about 20 mph. The sky was clear in the morning, with a light haze, but it clouded up around noon and most of the afternoon had about 50% cloud cover. Temp. at 0800 - 42°F; at 1400 - 48°F; at 2000 - 40°F. 21 April I spent 0830 to 0900, 0930 to 1200, 1330 to 1840, 1900 to 2000 in the campground and study area, trapping 1 squirrel and hearing 1 churring call. I went into Nevada City in the early afternoon. The sky was hazy until about 1500, when it became clear. Wind was light in the morning, gusting to over 20 mph, at treetop level in the afternoon. Temp. 41°F at 0830, 50°F at 1400, 40° at 2030. New birds: Audabon Warbler, Hermit Warbler.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 22 April I spent from 0630 to 1100, 1130 to 1415, 1515 to 1730, 1800 to 2000 in the campground and study area. I moved one trap from near post 8 to the vicinity of post 36. Sky clear in morning, about 50% cloud cover at midday, completely overcast in the late afternoon, clearing after sunset. Wind was mostly light, but around 20 mph at times. Temp. at 0630 was 35°F, at 1530 was 44°, and at 1900 was 35°F. I heard a couple alarm calls but no churring calls. Birds seen: 2 Cassin Finches 30+ Oregon Juncos 1 Downy Woodpecker 3 Brown Creepers 4 Red-breasted Nuthatches 4 Audubon Warblers 10 American Robins 3 Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers. 5 White-headed Woodpeckers 23 April It was snowing lightly in the morning, stopping about 0845. The temp. was 32° and the trees were dripping for the rest of the morning. It had snowed about 3 cm. but another storm was supposed to be arriving soon, so I picked up the traps and prepared to leave. There were squirrel tracks in the campground and in the western part of the campground. At 1130 when I left the sky was overcast and the temp. was 37°F with little or no wind. As I went west on Hwy 20 I last saw snow at about 3700 ft. The study area was still more than 95% covered with snow, with some bare patches about 15 m. across.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft +/-, 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 30 April I arrived shortly before 1300, set out 14 traps in the study area, then went out again from 1700 to 2000, catching one squirrel. It rained lightly for a couple hours in the afternoon, starting at 1430. Lightning struck a large Ponderosa Pine in the campground, about 30 m. from where I stood, tearing the bark and cambium off in a spiral strip about 15 cm. wide. The rest of the day was overcast, though some direct sunlight got through late in the afternoon. Temp. in the early afternoon was 54°F; at 1900 it was 44°F. Wind was light. Deer tracks could be seen in the snow. The study area has about 60% or 70% snow cover, still about 1 m. deep in places. I found many Douglas Fir twig tips with the developing catkins taken out of their papery envelopes - probably squirrel work. One churring call was heard. 1 May I walked around, mostly in the study area, but some in the campground, from 0800 to 0900, 0930 to 1300, 1530-2000. I heard 1 churring call and caught 2 squirrels. The sky was clear in the morning, then about 50% cloud cover most of the rest of the day, though it was clear sometimes in midafternoon. Temp. was 43°F at 0800, 60°F at 1500, 50° at 2000. Birds seen: 6 Mountain Quail 1 Western Tanager 3 Solitary Vireo 2 Hermit Warblers 4 Audubon Warblers 3 Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers 20+ Steller Jays 20+ America. Robins 30+ Oregon Juncos 5 Brown Creepers 4 White-headed Woodpeckers 1 Chestnut-backed Chickadee
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 2 May I spent 0800-0945, 1015-1200, 1500-1730, 1800-1930 in the campground and the study area, mostly in the latter. I heard 1 churring call and caught a juvenile Calif. Ground Squirrel about 25 ft. E of stake M2, next to a large rotting log which the squirrel went into a hole under when it was released. The sky was clear in the early morning, then a light haze at midday, clear in mid-afternoon, overcast late in the P.M. Temp. at 0800 - 47°F, at 1400 - 60°F, at 1900 - 52°F. The wind was about 10 mph, occasionally up to ~20 mph. Much of the snow has melted since I got here a few days ago. Snow cover in the more open places in the study area is about 50%, but still about 50% or more in places of dense tree cover. Birds seen: 4 Black-headed Grosbeaks 8+ Cassin Finchers 3 Solitary Vireos 1 Downy Woodpecker 1 White-headed Woodpecker 20+ Oregon Juncos 6 Audubon Warblers 3 Golden-crowned Kinglets 3 Mountain Chickadees 2 Chestnut-backed Chickadees 10+ American Robins 10+ Steller Jays 3 Hermit Warblers 3 May I spent 0800 - 1100 and 1600-1700 in the campground and study area. It was overcast all day and started raining lightly about 0915. The rain got harder around 1000 and continued into the afternoon, though with breaks in the late afternoon. It hailed a little around 1830. I caught 1 squirrel, then closed the traps. Wind 10-20mph, Temp. 40° at 0800, 38° at 1500.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4 May It had snowed about 2 in. last night, making good tracking conditions. These tracks were found in the morning: [diagram] Though I looked in the area around F2,3,4, G1,2,3, H1,2, I found no tracks there (I did find many Gray Squirrel tracks everywhere). The arc at which the easternmost tracks were found was 19 m. 260° from power pole 8. The tracks seemed to originate from that tree. A short distance south another set of tracks started—perhaps the same squirrel, but maybe not, since there seemed to be 2 widely separate end points. One of these squirrels had investigated both closed loops near H-1 and Ho, but I think this was an early excursion. A male's tracks originated 13 m. W D1 and came close to the first squirrel's tracks. I can't be sure which squirrel went where, but I think the male entered the campground near post 7, near the easternmost bathrooms. What may have been squirrel scat (though perhaps it was the male) started 40 m. 240° S2 and spent a while around a burnt stump. Another set These ended 10 m. E D1. Another set came from the area of camp 42 and came close to other tracks near stake A1, 11 m. 40° from A1. There could have been as many as 5 squirrels, or as few as 3.
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Koford, R. 1925 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 4 May I spent 0900 to 1300 following tracks in the study area, but by the afternoon the tree drip and the sun had made the tracking poor. I spent 1400 to 1530 and 1915 to 2015 in the study area looking for squirrels. It snowed lightly starting around 1400, then heavily for a little while around 1530, but it didn't stick to the bare spots on the ground - about 1 cm. fell. Wind was light, Temp. 27° F at 0900, 33° F at 1600. Under one Douglas Fir which had squirrel tracks leading up to it I found several branch tips with male cones up to 2 cm. long. Some of, but not all, of the male cones had been eaten. Perhaps the squirrels prefer the newly broken buds. I saw several Gray Squirrel tracks, some skunk tracks, Snowshoe Hare tracks, and fox-sized dog/aine tracks. The traps were left closed. 5 May I spent 0830 to 1300, 1500 to 1930 in the campground and study area, mostly the latter. I opened the traps in the morning, recaught 1 squirrel, then closed them at around 1830 since I don't plan to be checking them tomorrow. Two fresh churring calls were heard. I saw Gray Squirrel tracks. early Wind 5-10 mph. Sky was clear in the morning, then 50-90% cloud cover the rest of the day. Temp. was 40° F at 0830, 46° F at 1500, 42° F at 2000. Birds seen: 2 (or 1 in 2 places 200m apart) Pileated Woodpecker 6 White-headed Woodpeckers 1 Mountain Quail 10+ American Robins 2 Golden-crowned Kinglets 10+ Steller Jays 3 Solitary Vireos 20+ Oregon Juncos 8 Mountain Chickadees 10+ Cassin Finches 2 Downy Woodpeckers
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 6 May From 0615 to 1200, 1500 to 1830, I tried to collect chickadees, mostly on the top of the hill about ¼ mile & along Hwy 20 from the campground, north of the road, but I also spent about an hour south of the road at about the 31 mile marker. I saw no squirrels, heard 1 churring call at 0725 and 2 alarm calls in the morning. The sky was clear all morning, about 5% cloud cover in the early afternoon increasing to about 50%. By late afternoon, then clearing again. Wind was light. Temp. 42°F at 0900, 53°F at 1500, 44°F at 2000. Birds seen: 1 Rufous-sided Towhee 2 Fox Sparrows 1 Nashville Warbler 2 Black-throated Gray Warblers 20+ Oregon Junco 10+ American Robin 4 White-headed Woodpecker 3 Hermit Warblers 5 Steller Jays 10+ Mountain Chickadees 1 Chestnut-backed Chickadee 1 Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 7 May I spent 0800 to 0900, 0930 to 1400, 1530 to 1800 in the campground and study area. In the morning I set all the traps, moving 3 from the area around H-1 and G1 to around F2 and E3 and 3 others from the area E of A2 to near the campground entrance, trying to catch a pregnant ? for c&k. I heard 3 churring calls. Sky was clear all day—wind 0–5 mph. Temp. 43°F at 0800, 57°F at 1500, 54° at 1800. Western Tanager (3) were singing. I also saw: 2 Black-headed Grosbeaks 2 Golden-crowned Kinglets 2 Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers 3 Hermit Warblers 1 Pileated Woodpecker 2 Audubon Warbler 1 Downy Woodpecker 4 Cassin finches 3 White-headed Woodpeckers 5 Mountain Chickadees 10+ Steller Jays 20+ American Robins 1 (Calif. Ground Squirrel) (jun.)
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 8 May I spent 0700 to 0730, 0800 to 1200 in the campground and study area. I moved all the traps except 1 near A2 to near the campground entrance in the early morning. I caught 1 squirrel. I heard at least 11 churring calls, mostly between 0800 and 0900. Sky clear, wind 0-10 mph. Temp. at 0800 was 48°F; at 1300 it was 62°F. 14 May I arrived in the campground at 1400 and parked in camp 43. I looked for squirrels in the campground and study area from 1430 to 2000, hearing 1 churring call and seeing 3 squirrels and 1 non-territorial interaction between a σ and ♀. I tried a model squirrel with which I hope to test territorial behavior, but got no overt reaction. It is a stuffed squirrel in a running pose, on a board with wheels. By jerking it along with a string I hope to evoke chasing or calling in the squirrels. I suspect that I'll get different reactions depending on time of year and perhaps distance from the center of the territory. I want to try it out on squirrels in the campground first. There were about 4 cars with people in the campground, and at least 1 dog. Most of the snow is gone - less than 1/2 of ground is covered with it. Some patches are as much as 5 m. across. The sky was clear, wind 5-15 mph. Temp. at 1430 was 68°F; at 2000 it was 51°F. I saw 1 deer twice or two deer, south of the campground. I also saw canine tracks, coyote-sized, in the study area.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 15 May I walked around in the study area and adjacent areas from 0610 to 0720, 0800-1020. I then went into Nevada city to get some dry ice, and looked for squirrels again from 1130-1230, 1500 to 2000. I set out 15 live traps from 0600 to 1000 and closed them at about 1900. I caught 1 squirrel, heard several churring calls, most by the same squirrel. The sky was clear in the early morning, then hazy clouds over about half the sky for the rest of the morning. The afternoon was clear. Wind 5-15 mph. It r.p. 44°F at 0615, 59°F at 1700, 48°F at 2000. 16 May I was in the study area and campground, mostly the former, from 0645-0745, 0815-1300, 1530-1815. I placed more grid stakes in the morning, completing the number 5 row up to 15. I closed the traps a little after 1805. Several churring calls were heard. The sky was clear all day. temp. 46°F at 0700, 66°F at 1300. Wind light. 17 May I looked for squirrels at several places & several miles on Hwy 20. I wanted to collect pregnant squirrels but saw none. Then I looked from 0545-0630, 0700-1200, 1530-1630. I then returned to camp 43. Sky was clear in the morning, about 57° in the afternoon. temp. 44°F at 0700, 70°F at 1600, 62°F at 2000. W:15-15mph. 18 May I looked for squirrels in the campground and study area, mostly the latter, from 0800 to 1230. Sky was clear, temp. 60°F at 0830, 73° F at 1230. Wind light. I left at about 1300. There were still a few small patches of snow in the study area.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co, Calif. 23 May I arrived at 1130 and set out 15 traps in the east end of the study area. I parked to the N of the Hwy, at a place about 100m. from the Hwy on a dirt road at the 29.30 mile marker. The campground was full (they're now charging) by noon, and kids, dogs, smoke, motorcycle noises, etc. filled the area. I walked around the study area from 1130 to 1300, 1630 to 1730, and 1900-2000. I found a dead California Ground Squirrel in a trap by a rotting log at 1631. The trap was baited with peanuts, which were in his cheek pouches. He had evidently gotten too much sun and rigor mortis had already set in. I neither saw nor heard any squirrels. Sky was clear, wind light. There are several small (< 1m) patches of snow left. The oaks have leafed out and the leaves have mostly turned from red to green. At least 1 Ponderosa Pine had purple catkins on it and several Sugar Pines have developing cones about 10+ cm. long. New bird: Western Wood Pewee 24 May I walked around in the study area from 0820 to 1230, 15:00 to 2000, hearing 1 churring call. The campground is still full and noisy. The sky was clear, wind 2-10 mph, temp. 58°F at 0830, 70°F at 15:00, 58°F at 1930. 25 May I walked around the study area from 0830 to 1230, 15:00 to 1800. I heard 2 churring calls after getting back to the truck. I closed the traps before leaving the study area. The campground is still full of people. The sky was clear, wind light. Temp. 58°F at 0830, 71°F at 15:00, 59°F at 19:00. One chipmunk was seen, and I saw a pair of Rufous-sided Towhees and a Swainson Thrush.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 2500 ft. t 26 May I went west 3 1/2 miles to the vicinity of the 25.80 mile marker and tried to collect squirrels. I walked around in the area north of the hwy from 0630 to 1230. At 0655 I heard a churring call, then an alarm call from about the same place a minute later. I investigated and saw two squirrels close together about 20m. high in a White Fir. One approached the other from behind and appeared to sniff only a few cm. from the anal area of the other. After about 2 sec. the squirrel being smelled turned around and the other squirrel ran off, leaving the tree via an adjacent oak. It wasn't chased at all. I watched to see which if either was a female, but couldn't tell, so I didn't collect either one. At 0800 I heard another churring call and found a ♀ about 30m. from the pair I'd seen earlier. At 1030 I heard another churring call. At 1125 I heard an alarm call from about 50m. away while I was watching a Pileated Woodpecker. I don't know if the alarm was in response to me or the woodpecker. While near the truck at 1420 I heard an alarm call from about 50 m. away and found a female which I collected. I then went into Nevada City for supplies and spent the night there so I could get some dry ice in the morning. The sky was overcast in the morning, clearing in the afternoon. Wind light. Temp. 54°F at 0630, 59°F at 1700, 53°F at 2100.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground 4300 ft., 11 mi E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co, Calif. 27 May I got 4 lb. dry ice in Nevada City, drove to the campground, and parked north of the 29.30 mile marker. I opened the traps and stayed in the campground and study area, mostly the latter, from 0830 to 1330 and 1600 to 2000, hearing several churring calls and seeing at least 4 squirrels. Ponderosa Pine male cones are being eaten by the chickarees, as are the new shoots of the Black Oaks. I haven't seen any fresh Douglas Fir male cone-bearing twig tips lately. The squirrel tail by stake A4 is shorter and in 2 pieces now. The Douglas Fir buds are opening, the Manzanita flowers are out, as are those of the Geomothus prostratus. I saw 1 Gray Squirrel and a ? Flicker and found a Robin nest with 3 eggs. Sky was clear, wind mostly light but gusts up to 15 or 20 mph. Temp. at 0830 was 57°F; at 1600 it was 71°F, and at 2000 it was 59°F. 28 May I walked around the campground and study area, mostly the latter, from 0800 to 1300 and from 1500 to 2000. I heard several churring calls, probably all made by the same squirrel. There are only a few camping spots occupied, as there were yesterday. New bird - Warbling Vireo. Temp. at 0800 was 56°F; at 1500 it was 74°F, and at 2000 it was 66°F. Sky clear in the morning, 10-20% light clouds around midday, then clear in the afternoon. It was windy - mostly 10-20mph. 5 June I arrived at 1500 and set out 15 traps in the eastern part of the study area, recapturing 1 squirrel. I heard no churring calls or alarm calls. I stayed in the study area until 2015. There are many male oak flowers on the
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft. t, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif 5 June ground and only a few left on the trees. There was also a light layer of yellowish pollen on the road and some undisturbed picnic tables. Several of the Ponderosa Pines still have purplish male cones and they're approaching full size. The sky was mostly clear, about 10% clouds, wind light. Temp. 76°F at 1700, 66°F at 2015. I parked the truck in the spot North of the 29.30 mile marker. 6 June I looked for squirrels in the study area from 0800 - 0900, 1000 - 1230, 1430 - 2000, seeing one and hearing 4 churring calls. New growth can be seen on most of the White Firs and is well along (~2cm.) on the Douglas Firs. There are many dried single male Douglas Fir cones on the ground, as well as on the trees. The new growth on the Ponderosa Pines has needles 1-2 cm. long and the male cones don't seem to be quite mature. The campground filled up during the day (it was Fri.) and there was smoke drifting into the study area in the evening. Also, several dogs were in the area. I saw a Gray Squirrel near my truck in the morning, and a deer in the southern part of the study area. The wind was light most of the time, but up to ~15 mph. onceasionally. Sky clear. Temp. 64°F at 0800, 76°F at 1430, 64°F at 2000. 7 Jun I spent 0715 - 1230, 1430 - 1830 in the study area, hearing 2 churring calls and seeing a ♂-♀ interaction. I closed the traps when I finished. New bird- Chipping Sparrow near where the truck was parked. A single Swainson Thrush was singing. The two sections of squirrel tail near N4 are still there. Sky clear until late afternoon, then hazy cloids over 50% of sky. Wind light. Temp. 59° at 0800, 69° at 1700.
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K6ford, R. Journal Nevada City, 2580 ft. +, Nevada Co., Calif. 8 June I left White Cloud campground and parked the truck in a pullout about 300 m. N of Hwy 20 on the road leading to the Conservation Camp at the 25.80 mile marker on Hwy 20, about 31/2 miles W along the road from the campground. I attempted to collect female squirrels unsuccessfully from 0730 to 1130, 1430 to 1800. I saw two males and one squirrel of unknown sex, and heard a churring call from one of the males. I then went in to Nevada City for groceries and stayed there to get dry ice Monday morning. Wind 5-20 mph, sky clear. Temp. 59°F at 0730, high 70's (°F) in midafternoon. 9 June I got dry ice, then came back to the campground. I set the traps, which all had no bait left (Peromyscus ate the peanuts?) and stayed in the study area 0730-1230, 1315 - 1930, closing the traps at ~1900. One trap was missing from near stake B5 - evidently taken by a camper. At least I know there was no squirrel in it. Sky clear; wind 5-15 mph. Temp. 64°F at 0800, 79°F at 1300, 64°F at 2000. The campground only has a couple vehicles left and is very quiet. I heard 3 churring calls, none in the study area, and got some home range information on an unmarked ? in the study area. 10 June I looked for squirrels in the study area from 0645 to 1200, setting the traps in the morning, picking them up at noon. I heard 3 churring calls and saw 1 Racoon. The campground only had a couple people in it. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 65° at 0800, 80° at 1300 when I left.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 24 June I arrived last night and it was raining lightly then. It rained some during the night, then hailed. The hail continued off and on, mixed with sleet, until midafternoon. By 1800 the cloud cover was reduced to about 16%, mostly on the westerern horizon. No squirrels were seen or heard. I set traps out between 1000 and 1100 and was in the study area from 1000 to 1200, 1400 to 1600, when I closed the traps and went into Nevada City so I could get dry ice early in the morning. The ground was covered with single Douglas Fir catkins. There were many Ponderosa Pine catkins on the ground, too, and many still on the trees. The Sugar Pine catkins are almost ready and the balls of yellow can be seen all over the trees. The tips of some of the catkin-bearing twigs, about 3 cm. long, have been cut off and lie under the trees. Some have been completely eaten; most tips have only a couple catkins missing. Wind was high at times - 5-20 mph. Temp. was 38° at 1400, 40° at 1800. 25 June Though I tried to get dry ice early in the morning, the dairy didn't open until 0800. I got the ice then went to the campground. Then I spent 0830 to 1300, 1500 to 2030 in the study area, hearing 9 churring calls. I opened the traps as soon as I got to the study area and recaptured 2 squirrels. I marked them with a dry ice brand since their previous marks had only been with Lady Clairal. I found 5 immature Douglas Fir cones 5½-6cm. long on the ground. Two had had scales removed from the base/1cm. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 48°F at 1000, 60°F at 1500, 48° at 2015. Sunset ~ 2020
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Cal.f. 26 June I spent from 0645 to 1330, 1530 to #2100 in the study area, hearing 18 churring calls, trapping 3 squirrels, one of which I had not previously caught. I also found one nest of a mother and young. In the early afternoon I went into Nevada City for dry ice and supplies. On the way back, about 500 m. E of the National Forest boundary near Five Mile House, The skull was crushed, so I did it prepare a specimen. at about 3700 ft., I found a pregnant ? d.o.r. She had 2 embryos in the right horn - one 23 mm. crl), the other squashed but about the same size and 1 embryo (21mm. crl) in the left horn. In addition, there was a bulge about 6 mm. long in the left horn which I supposed is a resorbing embryo. Both embryos seemed to be male and were preserved. I later collected 25 Sugar Pine catkins, green, which were dropped on twig tips by a squirrel. The sky was clear, wind 0-10 mph, temp. 65° 51°F at 0800, 65° F at 1700, 48°F at 2030. 27 June I spent 0545 to 1300, 1345 to 1830 in the study area, hearing 14 churring calls. I caught 3 squirrels - one twice. I counted the Sugar Pine branch tips I'd collected yesterday - 309. At least half had some catkins still on them. Another 24 were cut today - only a few of which had catkins on them. I separated the cores from the rest of 25 catkins I'd collected so I can analyze the caloric content of the part the squirrels eat. At 1830 I went to a pullout about 200 m. N of Hwy 20 on the Washington Ridge Youth Conservation Camp road at the 25.80 mile marker, in anticipation of collecting squirrels tomorrow morning. Sky clear, wind light, occasionally up to about 15 mph. Temp. 42°F at 0800, 65° at 1430 and 1830.
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Koford, R. 1870 Journal 7mi E Nevada City (by rd), 4000 ft, Nevada City, Calif 28 June I tried to collect squirrels from 0630 until 1030, looking within about half a mile W of the Washington Ridge Youth Conservation Camp turnoff, within 1/4 mile of Hwy 20. I heard 3 churring calls and saw one mole, but collected no squirrels. I then left to go back to Berkeley, 4 July White Cloud campground, 4300ft, 11mi E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co, Calif. After getting dry ice in Nevada City, I parked across from the 29.30 mile marker and spent 1000 to 1230, 1430 to 2050 in the campground, setting out 14 live traps. I heard 8 churring calls, trapped one squirrel. I picked up an additional 184 tips from catkin-bearing branches from the Sugar Pine. I'd picked up 333 tips from under in late June. The cutkins still on the trees are orange and dry. The sky was about 50% cloud covered most of the day, as little as 10% in the morning, completely overcast for a while in the afternoon, then clear in the late afternoon. Temp. at 1400 was 72°F, at 2000 it was 56°F. Wind light. The campground was full with the accompanying shell motorcycles, occasional hikers in the study area, and a few firecrackers. 5 July I spent 0615 to 1245, 1415 to 2040 in the study area, hearing 20 churring calls and catching 3 squirrels. In the early afternoon I went into Nevada City for dry ice and supplies. I found one hole evidently dug by a chickaree with several Sugar Pine seedlings in it. Three had been pulled loose, 84 were still growing. Sky was clear, wind 0-5 mph. Temp. was 56°F at 0800, 73°F at 1430, 60°F at 2015.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co, Calif. 6 July I spent 0610-1245, 1515-2045 in the study area, hearing 5 churring calls, catching 2 squirrels, and finding a nest hole. By early afternoon many of the people were gone from the campground. The sky was clear, wind 0-5 mph, temp. 60° F at 0800, 76° F at 1530. 7 July I spent 0615-0730, 0900-1315, 1530-2030 in the study area, catching 2 squirrels and hearing 7 churring calls. In the morning I went into Nevada City for dry ice. There were several camping spots occupied and people gathering wood in the study area. Sky clear, wind 0-5 mph. Temp. 59° F at 0730, 78° F at 1400, 64° F at 2030. On the way into Nevada City this morning, I looked at a crushed juvenile on the road near the 24.65 mile marker - it was a mole. I saw another juvenile (die) by the side of the road, and one Gray Squirrel. 8 July I spent 0635-1230, 1500-1830 in the study area, hearing 13 churring calls and catching one squirrel. Then I went into Nevada City for supplies, planning to get dry ice in the morning. I found a dead one on the road at about the 23.00 mile marker. She had nipples about 4 mm long, 3 mm dia., with areas of thin fur around them, but I couldn't find any placental scars. The uterus was about 3 mm. across at the base of the horns. I saved the skull, even though it was smashed, to look at the teeth. I also saved the eyes to get less wt. data. Sky clear, wind 0-5 mph, temp. 62° F at 0800, 80° F at 1500, about 70° F at 1830. 9 July 7 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), 4000 ft., Nevada Co, Calif. I couldn't get any dry ice, so I tried unsuccessfully to collect squirrels near the 25.80 mile marker. I heard churring calls at
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal 7 mi. E Nevada City, 4060 ft., Nevada Co., Calif. 9 July 1145, 1151, and 1212, and saw one squirrel of unknown sex in the late afternoon. I looked from 0930 to 1230, 1630 - 2100. The sky was clear most of the time, with a few clouds on the eastern horizon in the morning and about 40% cloud cover with light clouds in the late afternoon. Wind light. Temp. about 60°F in early evening, about 80°F in the early afternoon. 10 July I got dry ice in the morning, then spent 0200 to 1300, 1600 to 2145 in the study area, hearing 11 churring calls, capturing no squirrels. Most of the morning was about 80% cloud cover, then 85% in the early afternoon, clearing in the late afternoon. Temp. about 60°F at 0900, low 70's (°F) in the early afternoon, low 60's (°F) in the evening. 11 July I spent 0630 to 1300 in the study area, hearing 20 churring calls. I picked up the traps and left shortly after 1300. Sky clear, wind light, temp. about 60°F at 0800, mid 70's at 1300. 16 July I arrived at 1700 and spent from then until 2030 in the study area. I found 6 green cones (Podroza Pine) with most of the scales removed under one tree. They were about 7 cm. long. It rained lightly in Berkeley on the morning of 15 July, and it apparently rained here, too. The top layer of forest litter is damp in places, but the soil is mostly dry underneath. At 1700 there was about 80% cloud cover, but it cleared later on. Wind light, Temp. in mid-70's (°F) at 1700, mid 60's at 2000. #7 July I spent 0750 to 1245, 1545 to 2045 in the study area, hearing 13 churring calls and capturing 2 squirrels. The trap
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Roford, R. 1975 Fg Journal white cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 17 July in which squirrel GH was caught was moved about 50 m. further S. I found one 9 cm. long White Fir cone with several scales gone from the basal end - presumably cut by a squirrel. I also found 19 cones under a Ponderosa Pine tree 16m. 221" Fl, 7-9 cm. long, 6 of which I'd seen yesterday. A couple of them were torn at the base as it by a Gray Squirrel. Perhaps they were all eaten by a Gray Squirrel. There was 60-80% cloud cover all day. Wind 5-10mph. Temp. in mid 60's (°F) at 0800, low 20's in mid afternoon, mid 60's by 2000. 18 July I spent 0600 to 1300, 1530 to 2100 in the study area, hearing 40 churring calls and catching 1 squirrel. I found 3 more cone cores under the Ponderosa Pine under which I'd picked up 19 yesterday. I found another, 7 1/2 ca. long, 7h. whw D1. I left it there. I also found a White Fir cone dropped by a marked squirrel. Sky clear in the early morning, then about 30% for most of the day, plus clearing up again. midday Wind 0-10 mph Temp. mid 60's (°F) at 0800 and 2000, mid 70's at 1, 19 July I spent 0615-0740, 0855-1300, 1530-2100 in the study area, going into Nevada City for dry ice and supplies in the morning. I caught 2 squirrels, but heard no churring calls, saw a squirrel eat one Ponderosa Pine cone. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. in mid-60's (°F) at 0900, 2000, mid-70's afterno, 20 July I spent 0615-1230, 1515-1800 in the study area, hearing 4 churring calls. There was a Flying Squirrel in one of the traps in the morning. When released it climbed up a small White Fir and seemed to chew on the lower side of several branches, then
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4700ft. t 11 mi E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 20 July curled up and presumably went to sleep on a branch about 10m high. I moved 2 traps that were near B4 SW about 30m in the morning, since I think they were in squirrel CE's area. Sky was clear most of the day, with <5% cloud cover around midday. Wind light. Temps: mid 60's (°F) at 0800, 2000, mid-70's in early PM. 21 July I spent 0745-1230, 1500-2100 in the campground, except for 1630-1720, which I spent in the campground. I heard 7 churring calls. I got dry ice in the early morning. Sky clear, wind light, temp. mid 60's (°F) at 0800, 2000, around 70°F in the early afternoon. 22 July I spent 0600-1245, 1545-2040 in the study area, except for a short time when I followed a squirrel into the campground. I heard 13 churring calls, caught 2 squirrels. Sky clear, wind light. Temp in low 80's (°F) at 0800, 2000, about 80°F at 1400. 23 July Skilman Campground I spent 0650-1300 in the study area, hearing 15 churring calls. I picked up the traps and left at 1300, going to the area S of Steephollow Creek, a few miles E of White Cloud campground on July 20. I spent a couple hours walking around on the flat area on top of the ridge. The vegetation is mostly White Fir, with some Red Fir. On the slopes are a few Sugar Pines and Ponderosa Pines, but the hilltop is essentially all fir. The ground was covered with sticks, fallen branches and logs, and a deep layer of needles, seeming very dry. A few puffballs were found. I only saw 6 shallow (~5cm deep) holes dug apparently by chipmunks. Many of the firs had abundant cones, as did the Sugar Pines. On the way to the place, I stopped near Skilman and set out 14 traps, then came back and spent the night there. Sky clear, wind light, temps usual.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal Skilman Campground, 3 1/2 mi. N, 12 mi. E Nevada City, Nevada Co., Calif. 24 July I spent the morning trying unsuccessfully to collect squirrels in the area W of the campground, while leaving the traps set. I heard churring calls at 0605, 0638, 0730, 0822, 0832, 0837, 0918, three at 0937. I saw one squirrel when it was too far away to get a good look at, then couldn't find it when I got closer. There were numerous holes where squirrels had dug up subterranean fungi. The area is much more moist than the area around White Cloud campground, with very small creeks flowing down the north-facing slope where I was. There were many bush-sized plants, mostly dogwood and hazelnut. The large trees were mostly Douglas and white Fir, with some Sugar Pines, Ponderosa Pines, and Black Oaks. I saw a single fox. Wind light, sky clear, temp. about 65°F at 0800, 75°F at noon. I left at 1300. White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 30 July I arrived shortly before 1030 and spent from then to 1300, 1330 to 2030 in the study area, putting out 14 traps, catching one squirrel, and hearing 7 churring calls. There were about 10 species in the campground occupied, and I heard no dogs or motorcycles. Wind very light mostly, but occasionally up to 15 mph. Temp. 70°F at 1800, 57°F at 2000. Sky clear. 31 July I spent 0730-1300, 1600-2030 in the study area, catching one squirrel and hearing 5 churring calls. I moved the 8 traps in the W end of the study area to the middle of the study area. I caught and released one California Ground Squirrel, one young Harris's Thrush, and one Stellar Jay. Sky clear, wind 0-10 mph, Temp. 60°F at 0800, 75°F at 1830, and 62°F at 2000.
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Roford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 1 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 1 August I spent 0630-1230, 1530-2030 in the study area, hearing 27 churring calls and seeing 2 squirrels, plus one Flying Squirrel which was released immediately. Bonnie Bown came up in the early afternoon to help with the field work. There seemed to be a small earthquake a little before 1400. We put in some additional grid stakes, I-2, J-2, J-1, JO, K-2, K-1, K0. The campground filled up some in the afternoon, but there were still empty spots. Sky clear, wind 0-10 mph, Temp. 66°F at 0930, 81°F at 1530, 67°F at 2000. 2 August I spent 0730-1315, 1830-2015 in the study area, going into Nevada City in the afternoon. Bonnie Bown helped me in the morning, then left in the afternoon. I heard [illegible] 59 churring calls, closing the traps before we went in to Nevada City. The campground was almost full, and several kids had small motorcycles which they rode through the road that goes through the study area. Sky clear, wind 0-5 mph. Temp. 70°F at 0930, 82°F at 1300, 70°F at 2000. 3 August I spent 0645-1320, 1350-2030 in the study area. I recaptured 2 squirrels and caught a juvenile for the first time. I also observed a mating, and heard 242 churring calls. The campground was almost full and there were a couple of kids with motorcycles who rode through the study area (on the roads) quite a bit. The sky was clear until late afternoon and evening, when there was <1% cloud cover. Wind light. Temp. 73°F at 0930, 83°F at 1400, 69°F at 2030. 4 August I spent 0620-1230, 1330-2015 in the study area, hearing 9 churring calls and catching one new juvenile. I also saw a juvenile go into an stick nest at the end of the day. I caught a Flying Squirrel last night in one of the traps and when released it went up on Incense Cedar and climbed on the branches
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4306ft t, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 4 August and pulled off bark like the chickaree do. I also caught a California Ground Squirrel in the late morning, which ran for a hole under a rotting log when released. Wind was light, though occasionally up to ~15 m.p.h.; Sky clear; temp 73° at 0920, 86°F at 1400, 70°F at 2000. I moved 5 traps to the N of the Hwy, in an attempt to catch a ♀ to take back to Bldg. 5 August I spent 0650-1330, 1410 to 2000 in the study area, hearing 15 churring calls and catching one squirrel on the study area. Early in the morning I set 4 of the traps in the area W of the campground and in the early afternoon 4 more N of the Hwy. I soon found one ♀ in a trap N of the road in the early afternoon, 2 in the evening, one N and one S of the Hwy. All three were released when found. There were only a few people in the campground. The acorns then have the endosperm sticking out beyond the hulk. The sky was clear until late afternoon, when there was <10% cloud cover of high, light clouds. Wind 5-15 m.p.h. Temp., 68°F at 0830, 83°F at 1600, 70°F at 2000. 6 August I spent 0625-0710 in the study area, then made sure the traps set SW of the campground and N of the road (13 traps) were baited. I then went 1.3 mi. E on Hwy 20 and tried to collect squirrels S of the Hwy at that point until from 0820 to 1100. I watched a ♀ eat a white fir cone before collecting her. At 0948 two churring calls came from near her (2 diff. squirrels) and she had no apparent response. Other churring calls were heard at 0831, 0846. I then returned to the vicinity of the campground and
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 6 Aug. picked up the traps, releasing one ?. Then I left. Temp. at 0825 was 60°F at the collecting area, and the whole morning seemed cooler than the last few days. Sky clear, light. 18 Aug. I arrived at 1300, having gone through an area of rain at about 1800 ft. The ground was wet and the trees were dripping. Temp. was 52°F. It rained intermittently all afternoon and remained overcast, so I only spent a few minutes in the study area. Wind was 0-5 mph. 19 August I spent 1045-1230, 1515-1830 in the study area, seeing one unmarked squirrel but hearing no churring call. It had rained much of the previous night, stopping at about 0930. Then it was overcast until about 1145, when sharp shadows could be seen for about half an hour. It rained again from about 1230 to 1400. It remained mostly overcast until late afternoon, when it cleared. I found several piles of white fir scales and the distel couple ca. of the core in the north-central part of the study area and 2 freshly dug holes after the rain stopped. Temp. was 51°F at 1045, 54°?? In the late afternoon. Wind light. 20 August I spent 0830-1200, 1330-1745 in the study area, setting 14 traps there in mid-afternoon, closing them before I left. Temp was 55°F at 0830, wind 5-15 mph. There was ~50% clear cover all morning and most of the afternoon. The wind speed was about 5 mph around noon. Temp. at 1530 was 68°? In the late afternoon it clouded over completely and I heard thunder to the east. At 1730 it started to rain, lightly at first, then more heavily. It hailed for about 15 minutes
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4360 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Cty, Cal. 20 August starting at 1915. The rain stopped at about 2015. About half the campsites were occupied and a couple people had dogs, but they didn't bring them into the study area as far as I know in the early afternoon. I went into Nevada City for dry ice. 21 August I spent 0815-1230, 1415-2000 in the study area, some time in the campground, hearing 15 churring calls and trapping one squirrel. One of the squirrels in my study area gave a churring call in the campground and chased a squirrel there, probably one that had churred from the same spot earlier in the day. The campground was still about half full. Temp. at 0815 was 52°F, 63°F in the mid-afternoon. Wind was light. Cloud cover was ~80% all morning; it rained lightly from 1110 to ~1230. Cloud cover ~50% in the afternoon, clearing completely by sunset. I went into Nevada City for the night. 22 August I got supplies and dry ice in Nevada City, then spent 1015-1230, 1500 to 2000 in the study area, trapping 2 squirrels, hearing no churring calls. I moved the traps that caught squirrel CD last night and squirrel EH this morning to the area E of the present study area grid, and put a trap by a large fallen log S of GS where I suspect a nest is, a little before 2000. The campground filled up completely by nightfall, and 2 motorcycles went along the road running through the study area a couple times. Also, a person used a chainsaw in the N part of the study area. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. at 1015 was 64°F, at 1500 it was 72°F at 1830 it was 62°F.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 23 August I spent 0700 - 1215, 1530 - 2000 in the study area, hearing 8 churring calls and trapping 2 squirrels. The campground was full, but the only days I saw were on Tuesdays. Sky clear, wind 1 caught a juvenile Calif Ground Squirrel E of the grid. 5-15 mph; Temp 61°F at 1000, 73°F at 1530, 60°F at 2000. 24 August I spent 0615 - 0800 in the study area, hearing 9 churring calls. Then I took a trip in the truck to survey possible second study sites. I went E on Hwy 20, then E on Hwy 80 to Kingvale, ~5 mi. W of Donner Pass. There is a valley there, with the Yuba River running through it. The valley is all private land, under the control of developers. I picked up a road-killed squirrel 0.7 mi. NE of Kingvale on the small road that runs parallel to the freeway. I walked around the valley a little, and saw one chickaree - it seemed to have a stumpy tail. The terrain was rocky, the trees mostly Lodgepole Pine, with some fir and Jeffrey Pine. There didn't seem to be any place large enough, away from cabins, to use as a study site. I then went E and took a road S that went just W of Lake Van Norden. I walked in the area E of Ice Lakes, which was fairly level. It was mostly Lodgepole Pine out rocky terrain, and seemed fairly mesic - flower blooming yews (1010-1040) growing. In half an hour, I heard 1 alarm call, 1 churring call at 1035. I saw 1 Emonticola with ~20 cones on it, and there were a few small Red Firs. I then continued E, checking an area just N of Truckee which I knew to be flat. It was solid Jeffrey Pines, but seemed very dry. I went back W on Hwy 80, took the Yuba Gap turnoff, and checked an area near Lake Valley Res.
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Redwood, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 1 1/2 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 24 August There was a small (~5 ha) triangular flat area W of the campground there, which seemed like a possible area for study. I also looked around the area of the Sunflowe development and saw 1 squirrel there. I then went back to buy 20 and took the Gold Bug Min. road W for mins. That put me on a relatively flat hilltop, ~5500 ft. The vegetation was mixed - mostly Douglas Fir and White Fir. In 30 min. of walking, I found 31 holes that looked like they'd been dug by chickarees, remains of 7 White Fir cones, 4 whole White Fir cones, and 1 tree with ~25 Ponderosa Pine cones under it, two others with 65 under them. I heard 1 alarm call after the walk. Many of the White Firs had 20-50 cones on them. I then returned to the campground. 25 August I got dry ice in Nevada City in the early morning, then spent 0710-0900, 1025-1240, 1500-2000 in the study area hearing 18 churring calls and catching 3 squirrels. Wind 0-15 yz., sky clear. Temp. 60°F at 0800, 78°F 1500, 68°F at 2000. I also caught a chipmunk, E. quadrimaculatus, 1 think, ~30 in. S FS, near a large Incense Cedar log. 26 August I spent 0630-0915, 1000-1230, 1400 just to check traps, and 1215-1950 in the study area hearing 22 churring calls. I spent 1430-1615 on a broad flat hilltop N. of the 30.00 mile marker, a half mile NE of the campground. The vegetation is about the same as it is in the campground, but with fewer Ponderosa pines and oaks. In a 30 min. walk, I found 20 holes, about half a dozen of which were large and may have been made by Gray squirrels. I also found 2 remains of White Fir cones.
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Ruford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Plumas Co., Calif. 26 August I found no fir or Sugar Pine cones. On the way back, I saw a Western Gray Squirrel near the top of a large White Fir with ~50 cones on it. The squirrel dropped the tip of a cone, apparently having just eaten the rest of it, then came down ~10x. and went into an Incense Cedar, perhaps trying to hide from me. There were 8 campsites occupied in the mid-afternoon, then a couple more in the evening. Wind 5-15 mph, sky clear except for a few clouds (~17%) around midday, several of which passed overhead. Temp. 60°F at 0500, 74°F at 1300, 64°F at 1945. In the morning I moved 8 of the traps to the N side of hwy 20, trying to catch a σ, leaving 4 in the campground. 27 August I spent 0720-1130 in the study area, hearing 3 churring calls. In the early morning I set 3 more traps N of the hwy, leaving 1 in the study area. I then picked up all the traps around noon. In order to get a rough idea of clickerette holes in comparison to other areas, I zigzagged through the study area for 30 min. I saw 107 holes that looked like fungus-digging sites, plus ~15 that I think contained cones: either they had scales in the vicinity or were at the base of a tree and looked long. I also found 2 green Ponderosa Pine cones and 1 pile of scales from a White Fir cone. Sky clear, wind 5-20 mph. it seemed cooler: temp. 55°F at 0800, 64°F at 1330, when I left. 5 September Having arrived last night, I spent 0700-0915 in the study area, hearing 11 churring calls. Then I spent the rest of the day on the hilltop N of the 30.00 mile marker, hearing no churring call. I set 45 traps, 3 W at ~25m intervals, 2 E at 25m intervals every ~50m along the road
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4200 ft., 1/2 mi. E Nevada City (by r.) Nevada Co., Calif. 5 September. The trap runs ~NE along the hilltop. I finished checking the traps at 2030, but caught no squirrel. Tomorrow intend to set up a grid in this area to use as a second study area - one with a lower density of squirrels - for comparative purposes. Sky clear, wind light, temp. 70°F at 0800, 81°F at 1500, 70°F at 1930. 6 September. I spent 0730-1415, 1730-1935 in the second study area, putting in about 15 grid stakes. I didn't see any squirrels, but heard a short alarm call at 0930, a long one at 1100 about 200m W of the grid, and a short one at 1808. I found a ♂ dead in a trap 10 m. 305° P2 at 1400 - he apparently was exposed to the sunshine for too long. I started the grid at the western edge of the study area, with line 1 running E-W. The lines running N-S start with P at the W and proceed alphabetically as one goes E, with S1 being slightly E of the road, S2 being slightly W of it. The road runs roughly NE - SW and is bordered on the W by a strip of fairly continuous tree cover for ~100 m., then an area of widely spaced trees for another 100 m. before the slope begins. On the E, there is fairly continuous tree cover, with a gradually increasing slope. The first 100 m. or so should be useable. Sky clear, wind light, temp. 77°F at 1000, 86°F at 1400, 71°F at 1930. 7 September. I spent 0715-1340, 1630-1930 in the second study area, putting in several more grid stakes. No squirrel was caught or seen, but I heard short alarm calls at 0744 from near the area W of P4 and at 1324 near P2. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 70°F at 0800, 82°F at 1340, 72°F at 1930.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 8 September I spent 0700 - 0840 in the first study area, hearing 1 churring call, then went into Nevada City for dry ice and supplies, then spent 1000-1345, 1645-1935 in the second study area, hearing 15 churring calls and about 1 min. of almost solid churring, mostly from 1 squirrel. The cloud cover was ~10%. all morning, increasing in the afternoon and complete by 1730. Wind 0 - 15 mph, Temp. 66°F at 0830, 82°F at 1345, 66°F at 1935. At about 1430 I saw a Gray Squirrel run N near my truck, which was parked a couple hundred meters NW of the Hwy 20 marker 30.00. 9 September I spent 0915-1245, 1650-1935 in the second study area, hearing 5 churring calls. At 1600 a Gray Squirrel approached the truck, parked where it was yesterday, from the SW. When it saw me it stopped, then ran NW rapidly. At 1653 I saw a Gray Squirrel ~50 m. 55W at S1- it went 55E on the ground. The morning was overcast, and a light rain fell between ~0530 - about 0900. It remained overcast until 0940, then gradually cleared until it was completely clear shortly after noon. There were a few light clouds - less than 10% - in the late afternoon. Wind light. Temp. 64°F at 0930, 74°F at 1245 and 1650, 62°F at 82° 1930. 10 September I spent 0850-0935 in the second study area to close the traps and 1515-1910 in the first second study area, where I heard 10 churring calls and saw 1 squirrel. I went into Nevada City in the early morning for dry ice. There was intermittent light rain from 0845 - 1400. It was overcast until 1610, then clearing to ~5% clouds at dusk. Wind Lght. Temp. 59°F at 0930, 63°F at 1530, 58°F at 1930.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 11 September I spent 0700-0815 in the first study area hearing 1 churring call, picking up the one trap I'd put there last evening. Then I set 11 traps in the area N of the buy across from the campground, in an attempt to trap a O? Then I spent 0950-1230, 1630-1830 in the second study area, hearing 4 churring calls. I opened the 45 traps there upon arriving, closed them when I left. I find the eating of 1 fir cone - it took much longer than a Ponderosa Pine Cone. Then I checked the 11 traps across from the campground. The sky was clean at sunrise, but cloud cover increased to ~80% by mid-morning; thu remained 50-80% until mid-afternoon, then cleared so that cloud cover at sunset was ~5%. Wind 5-15 mph. Temp. in mid-60's (F) at 0800, low 70's (F) in the afternoon, high 60's (F) at 1930. Approaching the 2nd study area, I saw 5 Blue Grosbeak. One of them - the mother? gave a low, repeated chook for about 2 min. after I came upon the group and they flew into several trees from the ground where they had been. I've also seen White-breasted Nuthatches in the second study area, which I hadn't noticed before in the first one. This may be a function of the time of year, though. Mixed species flocks are common now, consisting mostly of chickadees (Mountain and Chestnut-backed, Wilson's warblers, Nuthatches, and Creepers? in that order. Hairy and Downy Woodpeckers, Yellow-bellied Sapsuckers, White-headed Woodpecker, Steller Jays, Band-tailed Pigeons, and Robins are also present.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft. 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.) Nevada Co., Calif. 12 September I spent 0755 - 1120 in the 1st study area, hearing 11 churring calls - some not in the study area. I left around 1300, after picking up the 11 traps N of the dry. The 45 traps in the second study area were left in place, closed. Temp. in mid 60's (°F) at 0800, with very light cloud cover ~50 % of the sky. At noon it was clear and in the high 70's (°F). Wind light. 17th September I arrived last night, parking near the second study area. I spent 0815 - 1230, 1700 - 1930 in the second study area, opening the 45 traps in the morning. I heard 5 churring calls. The morning had ~20% cloud cover, the afternoon was clear. Wind light. Temp. 64°F at 0830, 72°F at 1700, 65°F at 1930. 18 September I spent 0810-1235, 1600 - 1745 in the second study area, hearing 5 churring calls. I went into Nevada City in the afternoon for supplies and dry ice. The sky was completely overcast all morning, clearing in the early afternoon. I put in several more grid stakes. Wind light. Temp. 65°F at 0815, 74°F at 1600, 63°F at 1930. 19 September I spent 0655 - 1345 in the second study area, hearing 14 churring calls, then 1830 - 1910 in the 1st study area, hearing 1 churring call. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 63°F at 0800, 76°F at 1630, 68°F at 1910. I closed the traps in the second study area just before leaving there. 20 September I spent 0700 - 1015 in the first study area, hearing 10 churring calls. I set 2 traps early in the morning, closed them before I left. Many large mushrooms are coming up - on the order of 10/acre. They're in discrete groups. Wind light, light clouds. Temp. 62° at 0830.
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Kuford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 21 September I spent 0705-0815 in the first study area, accompanied by Bonnie Bowen and Bill Gleas. Then I spent 1045-1230, 1530-1930 in the first study area by myself. I heard 18 churring calls. At about 1100 I set 3 traps and opened th 2 I'd set yesterday. At about 1600 I set 6 more in the study area. I found a place ~302. WSW IS with 8 fir cones packed into several holes, but uncovered. There were several other holes dug in the immediate area - I suspect for future caching. Wind was light. There was 50-80% cloud cover of light clouds all morning - clearing in the early afternoon. There were a few clouds (<1%) in the W at dusk. Temp. in mid-60's (F) at 0800, high of mid-70's (F), 66° at 1910. 22 Sept. I spent 0650-0745, 0815-1245, 1530-1930 in the first study area, hearing 23 churring calls. Wind generally light, but occasionally up to 15 mph. Light clouds over ~50% of the sky in the morning, clear by mid-morning. Temp. 64°F at 0815, 78°F at 1530, 65°F at 1930. 23 September I spent 0715-1300, 1530-1920 in the first study area, hearing 18 churring calls, catching 2 squirrels. Wind light, sky clear. Temp. 62°F at 0830, 80°F at 1530, 67°F at 1915. I found a couple long bones, a lower jaw, a broke skull, and dozens of pieces of fur apparently from a young flying Squirrel, on a log 284. 290° I l. I collected the material to check it out. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 62°F at 0830, about 80°F in the early afternoon, and 67°E at 1915. 24 September- I spent 0630-0735, 0810-1000 in the study area, then picked up the traps around noon. I heard 14 churring calls.
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Koford, R. 1925 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 24 September Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 64°F at 0915, 78°F at 1330, when I left. 29 September I arrived last night, then spent 0250-1315, 1630-1840 in the second study area, opening the 45 traps in the early morning, hearing 2 churring calls. While going to get water in the picnic area in the early afternoon I saw a very small juvenile on the ground- one eye was still shut. I spent much of the time putting in grid stakes. By late afternoon, the grid looked like this: P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 R5 Q6 Q7 Q8 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 U4 U5 U6 U7 U8 U9 U10 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10 W9 W10 W11 W12 X12 Then I spent 1853-1920 in the 1st study area. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 61°F at 0800, 77°F at 1330, 66°F at 1915. 30 Sept. I spent 0635-0830 in the first study area, hearing 12 churring calls, then the rest of the day, until 1920, mostly in the second study area. I counted some eaten cones, then picked up the traps late in the afternoon. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 63°F at 0815, in the high 70's (°F) in the early afternoon, and 67°F at 1910. A table of the cone findings follows:
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 m., E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 30 Sept. Species Location Tips Bases On tree Comments White fir 11m. 145°52' 108 16 32 '' 2N. 213°52' 1 0 3 some cones on tree had lost scales '' 7N. 240°V7 24 2 24 "Tips" refers to the distal 2-3 cm. of the cone which is not eaten by the squirrel. In some cases cones had been cut and had then broken resulting in a base and a tip. Since these tips could not be accurately separated from tips resulting from squirrel feeding, they were counted together. Actual number of cones consumed is thus the difference between "tips" and "bases". Cone counts on trees were by direct count. 1 Oct. I spent 0640 - 0654 in the first study area, then went E on Hwy 20 about a mile and collected a couple squirrels several hundred meters S of the Hwy, from 0710 - 1100. I heard churring calls at 0713, 0910 and at 0814. Going to where I'd heard the last one, sat for a while. Then it churred again, moved from a Sugar Pine to an oak, where I collected it - it was a Ø. At 1030, attracted by things falling from an oak, I saw a ♀, which I collected. Then I left. 11 Oct. I arrived around noon - sky overcast, cold. I marked a juvenile, then found 3 squirrels after sunset in traps. Thinking they wouldn't be able to find their ways back to their nests, I took them into the truck. One, female FH was caught 53N. 110° N4. A juv. was caught 11N. 200° H-1 and marked DG. Male CG
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Koford, R. 1925 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.) Nevada Co., Calif. 11 Oct. was caught 28a. 70°85. I left the remaining traps (12) open during the night. 12 Oct Although I tried to keep the squirrels insulated, they all died during the night. Female FH, which had weighed 228 gms. last night, now weighed 209 gms. She was catalogued as H41, male CG was H42, and the juvenile F43. I kept the skins to put up later. The juvenile had weighed 175 gms. when weighed last night, whereas CG had not been weighed, so his recorded dead weight of 192 gms. is probably 15-20 gms. lighter than his live weight. I spent 0830-0930 in the first study area, finding 2 dead squirrels in traps. Then I skinned the squirrels, picked up the traps. Squirrel AG got H45, the juvenile H44. I then walked around the campground from 1230-1245 and left soon after. Sky overcast, temp. 36° F at 0800. It rained as I left.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal Sagazer Creek Field Station, 6400ft. 3mi. NW Hobart Mills, Nevada Co., Calif. 17 October I left Berkeley at 1025 in a University car with Bonnie Bowen, Steve Thompson, Jim Menger, and Beverly McCarthy on a mammalogy class field trip to Segador Creek Field Station. We arrived in the early afternoon and set out traps until sunset. I set 15 traps in a meadow about 1/3 mile E of the field station, all Longworths. 6 were set in Rabbitbrush adjacent to the meadow, 4 in open grassland in Microtus runways, 2 on the south side of the creek in wet grass, 3 in tall grass under willows about 3 m. high, adjacent to the open meadow. Seven Longworths were also set north of the road, across from the meadow, at the bases of trees, mostly lodgepole pines. I also set one Tomahawk live trap near Woodruff sign about 1/4 mile S of the road going to the field station from Hwy 89. Steve Thompson set 2 more traps nearby. After sunset I set one more Tomahawk baited with peanut butter and about 1/4 mile W of the field station, a 25m N of the road. part of a cancerrA Sagazer basin is a couple miles long, with a creek flowing down the middle. The south-facing slope is covered with conifers - mostly lodgepoles with some Jeffery pines. There are wet and dry meadows in the floor of the valley, with some small willows. There are scattered brushfields, too, probably the result of past burns, both on the north and south slope. A large area of the north-facing slope had been burned several years ago and is coming back as brush and small conifers. I saw a couple patches of snow
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Koford, R. 1925 Journal Segolen Creek Field station, #6400 ft., 8 mi. NW Hobart Mills, Nevada Co., Calif. 17 October on the floor of the valley. I heard chirping calls from chickarees at 1530, 1600, and 1625, and 1922. Steve Thompson and I saw a gray deer - apparently a buck, with a completely broken femur - the leg left rear leg not dangling - which went slowly away from us. We also saw several chipmunks running along the ground. I checked the Tomahawks at about 2200, catching a female Neotoma cinerea in the rock pile # of tag 89, about 4 miles from a trapped buck caught by Steve Thompson. The buck had an ear tag, #1188, in the right ear, evidently from Pete Eslerich's study. Temp about 50 F in the afternoon, cloud cover ~50%, clearing after sunset. Wind 10-20 mph. 18 October Though a cold front passed nearby last night, there was no precipitation at the field station. The temperature, according to a temp gauge on the fish observation shed, got down to 26 F at 0500 (0600 standard time) I went with Bonnie Bower, Steve Jim Moyer, Thompson, Dave Kohler, Kay Craig, and Pat Warner to check the Tomahawks we had set ~1/4 mile W of the field station. I found Bait was peanuts, peanuts! a female chickaree in my trap at 0730. No one else caught anything. I took the chickaree back to the field station so other students could see a live one closely. We then went # of tag 89 and picked up the woodrat traps - all empty. I had picked up my only trap at that site last night. Steve Thompson released the buck he'd caught last night. I kept the female alive at the field station until around midday, when I put it up (#46) There were signs of recent activity - new yellow urine on a whitewashed rock - made since yesterday afternoon, but these
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Ko Ford, R. 1975 Journal Sagehen Creek Field Station, 6400 ft.; 3 mi. NW Robert Mills, Nevada Co., Cal.:t. 18 October may have been made by one of the ones we trapped last night. On the way back to the car, near the junction of the road to the field station and Hwy 89, we saw at least 4 chipmunks - each in a different tree, getting seeds from open Jeffrey Pine cones about 15 m. high. I think they were E. spegazzini. The time was about 0830. We then ate breakfast, then checked the Longworths we had put in and near the meadow 1/3 mi. E of the field station at about 1000. I found one E. amoenus in one of 6 traps I'd put in the rabbitbrush area adjacent to the meadow - just S of the road. I took the chipmunk back to the field station for student observation. Since Steve Thompson had caught one Dipodomys leptocaudus on the south side of the creek, in full wet grass within a few meters of it, I set 5 Muscaen speciolis there, and reset the 5 Longworths I'd had in the rabbitbrush there, too. A summary of the total catch of our group follows: | | # of trapdays | Mammals caught | |---|---|---| | Open meadow | 34 | 1 Sorex, 2 Microtus montanus | | Tallgrass adjacent to station | 8 | 1 Microtus leptocaudus, 2 M. montanus, 1 Sorex | | Grass under bushy willow | 25 | 4 M. montanus | | Pines castrensis | 28 | 1 Peromyscus maniculatus, 1 Eutamias amoenus | | rabbitbrush | 27 | 2 E. amoenus | | rocky outcrop | 1 | - | [Diagram showing layout with labels: Field station (1/3 mi.), Road, Rabbitbrush, Grass, Trees, Willows, Creek] N 10m.
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Koford, R. 1975 Journal Sagehen Creek Field Sta 6400ft E 3 mi NW Hubert Hills, Nevada Co, Calif 18 October I checked the traps in and near the meadow again at about 1500. One museum special had caught a Microtus montanus. The bait was peanut butter and rolled oats. The trap was at the base of a Ledgespole Pine about 2m from the creek on the S side. I then went with Bonnie Bower, Pat Warner, Jim Munger, Cap Craig, Pat Warner to a much drier area to the N. We went N on Hwy 89 from the field station to Sierraville, then E on Hwy 49 from there, to Vinton. There, we went E on Hwy 70 a couple miles to Chilcoot. That was about 42 miles from the field station road. We went N on the main road out of Chilcoot -paved- for 1.2 mi. At that point, we went E on a dirt-squeal road which was large and well-used (deer hunters were seen in the area). We stayed on that main road, went through an unlocked gate, and continued N. We then turned off to the E on a smaller dirt road, 1.25 mi. from the paved road. This road curved around to the SE, and we parked the car 0.2 mi. after leaving the main dirt road. To the E of us was a hill with large granite boulders on top, a steep rocky face on the W-facing slope, then below an area of boulders more widely spaced A, with vegetation between them. Below this was a scrub area - sagebrush and Rabbit Brush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus) mostly - which extends down into the basin. We could see the tow. of Chilcoot a couple hundred feet lower in elevation and about 2 1/2 miles away from the place we parked. There were also a few scattered Jeffrey Pines on the south-facing slope of the hill to [illegible] the E of the car. I set 5
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Roford, R. 1975 Journal Sagehen Creek Field Station, 6400 ft., 3 m. NW Hobart Mills, Nevada Co., Calif. 18 October folding Sherman in the widely-spaced boulder area - 2 near whitewashed rocks. The whitewash, made by woodrats, was along a ridge of rock, about 30 cm. long. I also set 15 more Sherman in the rocky cliff area, all near woodrat whitewash. I set 3 museum specials in the boulders, 5 in the scrub area. Then we went back to the field station for the night. A diagramatic view of the desert site follows: [Diagram] Bonnie Brown and I then set museum specials in the area where the road to the field station meets Hwy 89. The traps were set after sunset, in hopes of getting some chipmunks which we had seen eating pine seeds this morning. I set 10 traps - 7 at bases of Jeffrey Pines, 3 in brush. We then checked the traps in the meadow. I found a Microtus montanus in the same museum special I'd found one in earlier today. Temp. reached the high 60's (°F), wind light, light clouds (<10%) most of the day. I heard at least 10 chirring calls of chickarees during the morning, while near the field station. Moon is almost full. 19 October Before breakfast we went back to the dry site near Chilcoot to pick up our traps. I found 1 Peromyscus maniculatus in a trap (Sherman) which had been set in the scattered boulder area, and 3 P. crinitus in Sherman set in the
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Koford, R 1925 Journal Sagehen Creek Field Station, 6400 ft., 3 mi. NW Hobart Mills, Nevada Co., Calif. 19 October denser rocks near the top of the hill. All there were kept alive to be taken back to Berkeley in order to get blood, kidney, and liver samples. I also caught a Neotoma cinerea in the dense rocks. I killed it in the early afternoon. Also, I caught another P. mericanus in a museum special in the scattered boulder area and a Dipodops ordii in the scrub area below the rocks. Bonnie Bowen and Dave Krohn both caught Microdipodops, making this a new locality for the known subspecies. A couple Perognathus were also caught. We then returned to the field station area, ate breakfast, then picked up the traps in the area. I caught nothing in the 10 museum specials set by the Sagehen Creek road where it meets Hwy 89, but Bonnie Bowen got an Eutamias species and an E. amoenus there. I found a shrew in one of my 5 museum specials by the creek - the same trap that caught 2 Microtus yesterday. I let the chipmunk which I'd caught near the meadow on Oct. 18. The chickaree died in the Tomahawk trap she was being kept in sometime during the morning. We spent the early afternoon putting up specimens, collecting traps, cleaning the buildings, and packing up to go home. We then left at 1445, returning to Berkeley. The sky was mostly clear, temp reaching the mid-60s (°F), wind light. Several specimens of mine were frozen and taken back to Berkeley to be prepared at a later date.
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Koford 1975 Journal Hastings Natural History Reservation, 1800 ft, 14 mi SE Carmel Valley, Monterey Co., Calif. 21 Nov. I drove a University car, one of 3 the Mammalogy Class took down to Hastings. There were 12 students in all, plus Bill Glenn, Dr. and Mrs. Patton. We arrived at about 1400. After putting our equipment away, we split up. I set 3 gopher sets (Tracabies) on the hill NW of the lab, then at 1500 went with Bill Glenn, Ross Greenberg, Dave Grober, and Mark Hafner to set Mammal Specials on the chapise chaparral Colburn line - 3 traps at each of 35 stations. Ten of the stations were on the edge of chaparral and grassland. We returned as it was getting dark. Two other groups had set traps on 2 other Colburn lines - grassland and Oak woodland. After dinner, at 1930, I checked by gopher traps and found one Thomomys bottae. I removed that trap, leaving 2. Then I put up the specimen (#58). The sky was clear, the moon 2 or 3 days past full. The sky has been mostly clear all day, temperature reaching about 68°F, falling to ~40°F in the evening. The wind was very light. 22 Nov. After breakfast Bill Glenn, Dave Grober, and I checked the Colburn line, catching 17 Peromyscus truei, 9 P. californicus, 3 Reithrodontomys megalotis, 2 Dipodomys venustus, and 1 Perognathus californicus. I put up 2 of the Peromyscus later in the day. I checked the 2 remaining gopher sets several times, but found nothing. At about 1700 Jim Patton, Mark Hafner, Beverly McCarthy, Kathy Thomas, and I set 3 adjacent mist nets over the stock pond about 400m. W of John Davis' house. At a little after sunset we caught 1 Larinus cinereus, 1 Myotis californicus. We only saw one additional bat and found no others in the
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Koford, R. 1925 Journal Hastings Natural History Reservation, 1800 ft. 14 mi. SE Carmel Valley, Monterey Co., Calif. 22 Nov. not when they were checked later. I put up the Myotis. The sky was clear all day, wind light. Temp. reached ~70°F, dropping to about 30°F at night. The nearly full moon rose late in the evening. 23 Nov. After breakfast (~0800) Kurt Nelson and I checked the Calhoun line. Luis Baptista and a small class from Occidental College came with us. We got 4 Peromyscus truei, 2 P. californicus, 4 Reithrodontomyne neotilis, 2 Dipodmys venustus, and 1 peromyscus calicolatus. We left the traps set. Peg Smith will pick them up tomorrow. The grassland Calhoun line has only gotten a couple animals - Peromyscus maniculatus and Reithrodontomyne. The oak woodland line only picked up a P. maniculatus. Microtus were also caught in some grassland - the stuff with new green growth. Calif ground squirrels were locally abundant, and there was some badger size. Last night we heard a coyote. Deer were seen frequently - mostly fawns, one doe. I saw some mole trails, and lots of gopher sign. I picked up my two [illegible] Jacobies around 1100 - nothing in them. Around noon we saw 3 Golden Eagles - 1 juvenile - circling about half a mile high. There were 7 Red-tails near them, but we saw no interactions. Other birds I saw during the weekend: 1 California Thrasher 20+ Western Bluebirds 5+ Scrub Jays 1 Bewick Wren 20+ Acorn Woodpeckers 2+ Rufous-sided Towhees 10+ Valley Quail 4+ Crows 5+ American Kestrels 3+ Red-tailed Hawks 3+ Brown Towhees 1 Plain Titmouse
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Koford, R. 1975 1976 Journal Hostings Natural History Reservation, 1800 ft., 14 mi. SE Carmel Valley, Monterey Co. Cal. 23 Nov. After lunch and cleaning up, we left - at about 1400. The sky was clear, wind light. Temp. rose rapidly from below freezing during the night to at least 70° F by late morning. White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada (city) (by rd.), Nye Co. Nev. 6 March I looked for squirrel with CBK from 0635 until 10830 After breakfast he went skiing and I stayed in the study area from 0930-1210, 1230-1530. I saw a lot of activity in the early morning - mostly D? - F encounters, I think - then very little activity after that. Birds seen: Robin Chestnut-backed Chickadee Golden-crowned Kinglet Steller Jay Mountain Chickadee Varied Thrush Band-tailed Pigeon Red-breasted Nuthatch Pileated Woodpecker Dark-eyed Junco Brown Creeper Downy Woodpecker White-headed Woodpecker
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Koford, P. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by road), Nye Co., Colo. 21 March CBK, Erik Koford, and I looked for squirrels and tried to collect some from 0630 - 0745 a few miles west of the study area. We set 15 live traps there, then spent 0800 - 0900 in the first study area. Then we went skiing and picked up the traps - no squirrels - at ~ 1600. There were only rare patches of snow in the study area, less than there'd been a couple weeks ago. Last Thanksgiving there had been ~ 1 ft. of snow here, but when I came up for a visit just after Christmas, there was hardly any snow on the ground - very large bare patches. This is in marked contrast to the previous year. I found remains of an eaten chickaree near I1 - the hair has been pulled out and was scattered over ~ 3 m. - very recent. 9 April I arrived at the campground at about 1730, parking in front of the closed gate in front of the picnic area. Then I spent 1745 - 1840 in the study area, seeing no squirrel but hearing 3 chirring calls from ~ 100 m. W of the study area - at 1755 1755, 1803, 1804. The ground is wet and snow covers about 1/3 of the ground, up to ~ 5 cm. deep. Since it's all in a thin layer and not crusty, I suppose it's left over from a snowstorm yesterday which dropped 4-6 inches at the higher elevations. I first saw snow at ~ 3700 ft. I saw some clicker tracks crossing the road near CS. Temp. ~ 40 F, wind light, sky clear.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Cal. 10 April I spent 0545-0800, 1130-1230 in the first study area, hearing 3 chirring calls in the early morning. The first couple hours of the day were partly cloudy, cold, with southerly winds. Then the sky became completely overcast. It started raining at about 1330, snowing at 1430. The snow continued all afternoon. 11 April I spent 0655-0800, 1030-1100 in the study area, hearing one chir and seeing a squirrel in the campground. Also, I saw Gray Squirrel tracks and Chickaree tracks in the study area, and saw one Gray Squirrel eating insect larvae from swollen twigs at the end of oak branches. It snowed several hours in the morning, then stopped, but dripped constantly. This wiped out tracks and made walking around uncomfortable, so I left around noon, with about 3 cm. of new snow on the ground - none under the feet. 16 April I arrived last night, parking in the campground which is now open- no payment required yet. I then spent 0830-0900, 0945-1215, 1730-1845 in the first study area. In addition, I checked the traps in the study area for ~10 min at 1330, 1500, and 1630. I set 15 traps in the N part of the study area between 1000 and 1100, closed them at 1630. I also spent 1245-1700 largely outside, in the campground, so I could hear squirrel calls. At 1330 I found a Beechey Ground Squirrel in a trap between C1 and D1, a female. I let her go and she ran N. Then I heard a chirring call somewhere near A1. Looking in that area, I saw a squirrel go into a hole in an oak near post 41 in the campground.
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Koford, R. 1926 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 16 April That was the only call I heard all day. I saw one other squirrel go into a hole in an oak near F2. It was a cold, windy day. Wind was gusty, up to over 20 mph. Cloud cover ~50%, moving rapidly to the south, clearing up in the late afternoon. Temp. 47° F at 1400, 38° F at 1830. There was a light layer of crusty snow over about 50% of the ground – walking was crunchy in the morning. Little pieces of ice fell from the trees all day. I found several mushrooms frozen in place. Also, tips from Douglas Fir's littered the ground in places. The sun left the tree tops at 1845. 17 April I spent 0540-0815, 0930-1330, 1500-1545, 1630-1835 in the study area, hearing 12 chirring calls. I opened the traps at 0200, closed them at 1630. In order to determine how much, if at all, the Flying Squirrel are contributing to the Douglas Fir tips which litter the ground and to see what the rate of cutting by Clickerers was, I cleared the ground under 14 Douglas Fir of tips. 2956 were removed by 1300 hrs. Others which appeared in the afternoon were cleared at 1830. Also, I timed how long it took a squirrel to eat the strobili. 7 were eaten in 67 seconds; 8 in about 75 seconds; 2 in 25 seconds. Thus, it seems that ~10 sec. is the typical time per strobilus. Not all Douglas Fir are hit as hard as the tree I cleared under. Some have only a couple tips under them. Wind light, sky overcast most of day. Temp. 32° F at 0545, 51° F at 1330, 48° F at 1845. First frost on tree tops at 1545.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 18 April I spent 0530-0720, 0930-1430, 1610-1853 in the study area, hearing 8 chirring calls and catching one squirrel. At 0530 I picked up several Douglas Fir tips under the tree from which I'd cleared the tips the evening before. There were presumably cut by Flying Squirrels. I also picked up tips at 1200, giving me the number cut by a chipmunk in one day. Both of these were put in piles, to be counted later. I also picked up the tips just after sunset, to get another night's data, since it's possible last night's rain had knocked some already-cut tips from the branches. I opened the 15 traps at 0930, closed them at 1620. I released a # Beechey Ground Squirrel which had gotten caught around midday - near B2. Just about all the snow is gone now - isolated patches a meter or two across remain. It rained lightly last night, was mostly overcast in the morning, but the afternoon was clear. Wind light. Temp. 38°F at 0540, 61°F at 1430, 48°F at 1900. I also found 8 mushrooms which I think are the reproduction stage of false truffles. They were in 2 groups, near E6. I collected one. I'm also starting a catalogue of the number of acorns produced last fall. 19 April I spent 0538-0945, 1040-1350, 1530-1850 in the study area, hearing 17 chirps, catching one squirrel. I piled up the tips under the Douglas Fir I'm monitoring at 0540, 1300, and 1850. I caught 2 Beechey Ground squirrels, both #9, and saw a Gray Squirrel near G5. All the snow has melted. Sky clear until late afternoon, then ~10% cloud cover. Wind light. Temp. 40°F at 0545, 63°F at 1420, 50°F at 1900.
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Koford, R. 1976 Iam Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 Ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Ca Lit. 20 April I spent 0526-0810, 0900-1440, 1707-1850 in the first study area, plus a couple minutes at 1530. I heard 26 chirs, caught one squirrel. I opened the traps at 0800, removed them at 1330. I then set 30 traps N of the highway, in the area W of the picnic area - I didn't open the traps, but scattered peanuts near them. I collected tips from under the Douglas Fir I'm monitoring at 0527 and 1300. I've seen several different kinds of mushrooms, but none that seem to have been eaten by squirrels. The pollen from the Douglas Firs was flying today. It looks like many Douglas Fir cones are going to be produced this year. Also, I counted new acorns under several more oaks. I saw a Gray Squirrel in the same tree with a chickadee - no chase even though they must have been aware of each other. The sky was clear, wind light. Temp. 47°F at 0545, 64°F at 1530, 51°F at 2000. 21 April I spent 0535-0858, 1735-1845 in the second study area, hearing 24 chirs and seeing a & interact with 3 more. There seem to be at least 2 & living near the E end of the area. Around 0830 I opened the 30 traps, closed them around 1700. I caught one ♀ which didn't seem pregnant by palpation. I could squeeze a little milk out of her nipple. She was caught under a Douglas Fir with hundreds of tips on the ground under it. Also, I caught an Beechey Ground Squirrel and one Red-breasted Nuthatch. Sky clear in the morning, overcast in P.M. Wind to 20 mph in P.M. Temp. 46°F at 0600, 56°F at 1600, 49°F at 1845.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 22 April I spent 0710-1205, 1715-1845 in the 2nd study area, hearing 12 chirring calls. I opened 30 traps N of hwy 20, W of the Picnic Area at about 0630, closed them at about 1630, and checked them around 1300. I caught a & chickoree in the morning - the same one I caught yesterday, I think; and that & and a ? and a Becker Ground Squirrel in the afternoon. The ? later escaped. The morning was largely overcast - 50-100% cloud cover - and windy - westerly 5-25 mph. Then it cleared in the afternoon. Temp. 43°F at 0600, 59°F at 1330, 46°F at 1845. I heard a Gray Squirrel. 23 April I spent 0700-1005 in the 2nd study area, 1115-1125 and 1140-1220 in the first, hearing 1 chirring call. I opened the 30 traps N of the hwy around 0630, checked them at 1030, picked them up at 1300. I caught one ? - the same one as before, I think, and ? AD in the morning, and a chipmunk in the early afternoon, which I released. It was a clear day, wind light. Temp. 47° at 0645, mid 60's when I left. In the past few days, I've seen these birds in the area: Turkey Vulture Band-tailed Pigeon Mountain Chickadee White-breasted Nuthatch Red-breasted Nuthatch Brown Creeper Robin Varied Thrush Townsend's Solitaire Golden-crowned Kinglet Ruby-crowned Kinglet Solitary Vireo Audubon Warbler Hermit Warbler Junco Rufous-sided Towhee Fox Sparrow White-headed Woodpecker Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker Pileated Woodpecker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Stella Jay
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground (4300 ft), 11 mi E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co. Calif. 27 April I arrived in late afternoon, after talking to Dave Connol, the wildlife biologist at the Tahoe National Forest Ranger Station in Nevada City. I spent 1806 - 1955 Pacific Daylight Saving Time in the 1st study area (DST started on April 25), heard no call, I watched the oak 13u 70°F from 1930 to 1955, but saw no activity. Wind 10-15 mph, dying down at dusk. Sky clear. Temp. 44°F at 1955. 28 April I spent 0710 - 0906, 0950 - 1330, 1405 - 1955 in the 1st study area, hearing [illegible] chirps and catching 1 squirrel. I set out 45 traps between 1000 and 1500, closed them from 1730 - 1900. At 0747 I saw a jay chasing a Gray Squirrel near the W end of the campground. I saw another Gray Squirrel giving an alarm call S of the study area at 0826. It called as I watched until 0846, then descended to the ground and went W. At about 1930 I saw a coyote going E in the SE part of the study area. I also saw a deer W of the study area. Wind 5-15 mph. Cloud cover 30 - 80% most of the day, almost clear in late afternoon. Temp. 40°F at 0720, 56°F at 1700, 44°F at 2000. New bird - Common Flicker 29 April I spent 0700-0920, 1020-1335, 1650-2000 in the 1st study area hearing 33 chirps. I caught 6 Beechey Ground Squirrels. 45 traps were opened between 0800 and 0900, closed at 1700 - 1810. Some oak buds are opening. At 14h. see several birds of unknowns. Wind was light, sky clear except for some hazy clouds in late afternoon. Temp. 49°F at 0700, 62°F at 1335, 57°F at 2000.
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Koford, R. 1926 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 30 April I spent 0650 - 1445, 1620 - 1956 in the 1st study area, catching 2 chickarees and 4 Beechey Gray Squirrel and hearing 32 chirrs. I saw one Gray Squirrel on the ground in the morning. The 45 traps were opened between 0740 - 0850, closed them from 1230 - 1900. I picked up 30 of them, leaving 15. A couple oaks are leafing out and the Douglas fir strobili seem to be almost ready to release their pollen. Wind light, sky clear but a little hazy in the afternoon. Temp. 48°F at 0650, 73°F at 1445, 60°F at 1956. One of today's chores may have been territorial. 1 May I spent 0650 - 0820, 1157 - 1210, 1425 - 1730, 1840 - 2000 in the 1st study area, hearing 7 chirrs. I caught one squirrel on the study area. I also caught ? & DG outside the study area - about 40s. NW pole 8 - in the afternoon. I opened the 15 traps about 0900, closed them at about 1715. I spent a couple hours setting 30 traps outside the study area in the morning. Twenty were set N of Hwy 20 - 2 to the area W of the picnic area. Five were set W of the campground; 5 were set N of the campground, but 5 of the hwy. I closed these at around 1800, catching ? & DG and another P & N of the hwy. I got some more day ice in the early afternoon. Some White Firs have red-brown strobili; some trees have yellow strobili. Campground half full. Sky clear. Wind light, increasing to 15-20 mph in mid-afternoon. Temp. 50°F at 0650, 68°F at 1730, 58°F at 2000.
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Koford, R, 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 2 May I spent 0815 - 1315, 1439 - 1441, 1520 - 1740 in the first study area, hearing 9 chipmunks and catching 2 squirrels. I opened the 15 traps in the study area at about 0830, picked them up at about 1730. I opened the 30 traps outside the study area from about 0700 until about 0800. When I checked them in the early afternoon, I found 2 DG and 2 AD plus two other females. When I picked them up at about 1800, 2 DG and 2 males were caught. I kept one of them to take back to Berkeley, released The ? died a couple days later (#67) and was frozen until 21 June 1976. The other, The wind was light, sky a little hazy most of the day. Temp. 49° F at 0700 , reaching the mid-60's. I left the area at about 1900. 6 May I spent 0920 - 1230, 1540 - 1800 in the 2nd study area. I heard no squirrels, saw only 2 Gray Squirrels, at 0920 and 1235 near the SW end of the study area. I set 15 traps in the study area at about 1000 , checked them at about 1745. The male which I brought back to Berkeley died a day later. There was pollen blowing around in the study area today - maybe from the oaks, which are flowering, or White Fir - I'm not sure whether the strobili are shedding pollen or not. I found one White Fir with ~30 tips under it with the strobili eaten off. The day was windy - northerly, then easterly - up to 30 mph. 58°F at 1240, 54° F at 2000. Sky overcast in A.M., partially cloudy in P.M. Temp. 48°F at 0920,
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300ft, 11 mi El Nevada City (by road) Nevada Co, Calif 7 May I spent 0718 - 1405, 1630 - 1825 in the second study area, hearing 5 chirring calls. I opened the 15 traps at about 0745, set 10 more at about 1100, closed them at ~ 1830. I saw one Gray Squirrel ~100ft SW of the study area. Sky mostly clear, a few clouds (< 10%), wind light; temp. 52°F at 0720, 70°F at 1403, 60°F at 2000. I saw a few new birds: Cooper Hawk Warbling Vireo Pine Siskins Olive-sided Flycatcher Black-headed Grosbeak Black-throated Gray Warbler 8 May I spent 0640 - 0940, 1215 - 1530, 1735 - 2005 in the second study area, hearing 14 chirring calls. I opened the 25 traps in the area at about 0745, closed them at about 1515, but caught nothing. I went into Nevada City in the late morning for dry ice and supplies. The sky was 50 - 80% covered with clouds in the morning, increasing to 100% in the early afternoon, with peals of thunder. It rained lightly from 1500 - 1530. Wind was generally light, though. Temp. 52°F at 0640, 70°F at 1400, 56°F at 2000. 9 May I spent 0624 - 1255, 1535 - 1955 in the second study area, hearing 7 chirring calls. I opened the 25 traps at about 0700, closed them at ~ 1800. I saw a Gray Squirrel go within about 2 m of a trap - no chase. I saw another Gray Squirrel ~100ft SW of the study area, and a deer in it. Wind light; temp. 72°F at 1300, mid 50's at 2000. Sky clear in the morning, 30 - 80% clouds in the afternoon. Temp. 60°F at 0900,
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co, Calif. 10 May I spent 0705 - 1225, 1430 - 2000 in the 2nd study area, hearing 10 chirs. I opened th 25 traps at about 0800, closed them at about 1845. I saw one Gray Squirrel near A1. The sky was clear in th early morning, then hazy, then ~90% clouds for th rest of th morning. Th afternoon was mostly 50%-90% cloudy, then clearing in the late afternoon. Wilt light. Temp. ~ 55°F at 0700, about 70°F at 1400, mid- 50's at 2000. 11 May I spent 0624 - 1259, 1509 - 2013 in the second study area, hearing 19 chirs, 16 by 2 squirrels. I also saw a Gray Squirrel which may have been chased by a chickaree I opened th 25 traps at about 0700, closed them at about 1815. In the early afternoon, I went into Nevada City for dry ice and supplies. Sky hazy or <30% cloudy all day, wilt light. Temp. mid-50's (°F) at 0200, low 20's in th early afternoon, high 50's at 2000. 12 May I spent 0700 - 1320, 1550 - 1910 in the second study area, hearing 3 chirs. I opened th 25 traps at about 0720, picked them up at about 1800. I saw one Gray Squirrel at 1100 on the oak SE. 260° RS. After ~15 min. mostly remaining motionless, it left to the W. Wind was 10-15 mph in th early morning, then light for the rest of the day. Sky clear. Temp. in mid 50's (°F) at 0200, low 70's in the early afternoon, and high 50's at 2000. The buds on some of the Douglas firs are opening and new light green leaves can be seen
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Koford, R 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 13 May I spent 0620-0700, 0840-1220, 1535-1730, 1840- 2000 in the 1st study area, hearing 17 chirs. I set 10 traps in the study area at ~0645. I caught 2 Chickarees and a couple Ground Squirrels. I also put out 25 traps north of the highway, catching one female Chickaree. I closed those traps at about 1800 and I picked up the 10 in the study area at about 1715. Sky clear, wind 3-15 mph., Temp. mid 50's (°F) at 0700, low 70's in the early afternoon, high 50's at 0800. New birds: Hermit Thrush Western Wood Pewee 20 May I spent about an hour in the mid-afternoon in the area of Norden and about half an hour in a campground near Lake Valley Reservoir. Both areas had numerous Lodgepole Pine cones and fallen cover which looked light - maybe like last fall's crop. Also, both areas had localized hot spots with many more cones than adjacent areas - at least ~35% in dia. Then I went to White Cloud campground and spent 1643-2020 in the 1st study area, hearing 11 chirs and seeing a squirrel go into a hole in an oak. The sky was hazy - wind light. Temp in the 60's (°F) 21 May I spent 0635-0745, 0845-1230, 1610-2005 in the 1st study area, hearing 54 chirs. I saw a ? chir several times and saw 2 Gray Squirrels - one on an oak in which a ? had a nest - no close. Some of the Dogles firs
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Koford, R 1976 Journal White Klotz campground, 4300ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.) Nevada Co., Calif. 21 May are just breaking their last buds. I found 4 mushrooms which I think are Amanita. Also several morels which I've seen before are dry and hard - don't appear to have been eaten. The strobili on the Ponderosa Pines seem to be large enough to be eaten, but I haven't seen any being taken yet. Many Strobili cones are developing on the pines, as well as the Douglas Firs. The sky was overcast in the morning, clear in the early afternoon, then ~30% cloudy in the late afternoon. Wind 0-10 apl. Temp. ~60°F to ~70°F. Saw a pair at Western Tangier 22 May I spent 0628-1355, 1540-2020 in the 1st study area, hearing 46 chirring calls. I set 30 traps, mostly in the W end of the study area, from 1000-1330 and closed them from 1810-1840, catching only 2 Beechey Ground Squirrels. I saw one of eating strobili in a White Fir, even though I think the pollen has already been released. I also saw squirrels eating the young tips of Ponderosa Pine branches. I saw one Amanita which had been chewed around the edges. The buds of the White Firs are starting to get long. Sky clear mostly - some haze. Wind up to ~10 apl. Temp. ~60°F to ~70°. 23 May I spent 0610-1315, 1525-2010 in the 1st study area, hearing 28 chirring calls. I opened the 30 traps from 0615-0710, closed them at about 183°, but only caught 2 Beechey Ground Squirrels. The campground, almost full yesterday, was mostly cleared by this afternoon. A couple people with dogs came through
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Koford, R. 1974 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.) Nevada Co, Cal.f. 23 May the study area, and a couple people gathering firewood. I saw a Cooper Hawk fly within ~25 f. of a squirrel - no alarm call. The sky not clear, wind light. Temp. ~60° F to ~70° F. 24 May I spent 0618-1330, 1515-2010 in the 1st study area, hearing 81 chirs. I opened the 30 traps from 0620-0710, closed them from 1930-1950. I caught nothing. The campground is almost empty - they started charging today, so I moved the truck to the W side of the Hwy, about half a mile E of the campground entrance. Sky hazy most of the day, wind up to ~15 mph. Temp. ~60° F to~70° F. 25 May I spent 0714-1025, 1230-1836, 1840-2015 in the study area, hearing 32 chirs. I set 5 more traps in the W end of the study area, and opened the 30 others between 0730-0830, closed them from 1800 to 1820, caught only 1 Steller Jay. I went into Nevada City in the late morning for dry ice and supplies. The ground in the study area is littered in many places with individual Douglas Fir strobili. Sky mostly clear, with some hazy clouds, wind light, temp. ~60° F to ~70° F. 26 May I spent 0645-1427, 1510-2025 in the 1st study area, hearing 54 chirs. I set the 35 traps from 0650-0240, closed them around 1800, but caught only a Steller Jay. Sky clear, wind up to ~15 mph. Temp. ~60° F to [illegible] 70° F). I saw a Red-tailed Hawk fly over.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 27 May I spent 0545-1200, 1255-2020 in the 1st study area, hearing 238 chirr plus a few I didn't record. Apparently a war is extra, and there was lots of chosing and calling. I opened the 35 traps for 0730-0900, closed them a little after 1700. I forgot to close 3 traps yesterday afternoon, and caught one Neotoma fuscipes which I released. There were a few clouds in the west in the afternoon. Wind up to ~20mph. Temp ~60°F to ~70°F. 28 May I spent 0553 to 1230 in the 1st study area, hearing 56 chirring calls. I opened the traps early, picked them up around noon, catching 1 chickaree (FG). I've seen some mushrooms which look like Amanita and have been nibbled - one had the cap completely eaten off - but I don't know if chickarees have done it. There's pollen in the air - it's all over my truck - probably from the Ponderosa Pine. I left the study area at 1300. Sky clear, wind light, temp ~60°F to the high 60's when I left. 2 June I arrived last night, parking the truck near the 2nd study area. I spent 0605-1250, 1540- 1920 in the 2nd study area, setting 38 traps in the late morning, closing them ~1800. I also spent 1425-1515 in the 1st study area, trying to see DG's juveniles, but I saw nothing on the tree. In the second study area, I saw scales from one small Sugar Pine that had been eaten on the ground, and scattered
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co, Calt 2 June scales from a couple small Douglas Fir cones. I also saw a Gray Squirrel near th E end of the study area. Cloud cover was < 1%, wind 5-20 mph. Temp. high 50's (°F) to ~70°F in the early PM. 3 June I spent 0640 - 1335, 1540 - 2015 in the 2nd study area, hearing 12 chirs. I opened the 30 traps at about 0800, closed them at ~1800. I found a track of a bear in the dust. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. reached the mid 60's (°F) and was ~50°F at 2000. 4 June I spent 0640 - 1600, 1640 - 1945 in the study area, hearing 55 chirs. I opened the traps at ~ 0800, closed them at about 1800, catching one squirrel which, since it wasn't able to leave the box, I brought back to the truck for the night. I saw a Gray Squirrel chase a chickaree today, and saw a deer at a clipmunk. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. mid 50's at 0700, reaching the high 60's. 5 June The squirrel I tried to keep alive was dead in the morning, so I prepared a study skin from her (#64) in the morning. Then she had already been marked with Lady Clover on both forelegs and ~4cm. From the tip of the right side of the tail, I removed her eartag. Then I spent 1130 - 1215 in the 2nd study area to set the traps, then 1400 - 2040 also 11 chirs, traps close ~1800 in the 2nd study area. Evidently the small oak near P1 and P2 is not being used as a nest oak any more - a twig I put across the entrance wasn't knocked out. In the last couple days I've flushed
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Koford, K. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co, Calif. 5 June several fledgling Juncos. I also saw a deer and chipmunk in the study area. The sky was clear, wind up to ~20 mpl. in the morning, light in the afternoon. Temp. mid 50's in early morning and around sunset, reaching high 60's. 6 June I spent 0605-1245, 1510-2023 in the second study area, hearing 29 chirps. The traps were open from ~0700- ~1800, caught nothing. I found a nest tree with 5 juveniles in it, saw 2 Gray Squirrels. The morning had a few lazy clouds, and these increased to complete overcast by ~1500. Near sunset, the sun came through, but overhead was still overcast. The morning was windy - up to ~20 mpl, but the afternoon was fairly calm (< 5 mpl). Temp. ranged from mid-50's to near 70°F. 7 June I spent 0633-1115 in the second study area, hearing 29 chirps. The traps were opened at ~0700, picked up from 1000-1115. The cloud cover was 70-50% in the early morning, then clear. Wind to ~20 mpl. Temp. mid 60's(75) when I left for Berkeley at 1140. 12 June I parked N of the hwy and spent 1450-1535, 1550-2036 in the 1st study area, hearing 31 chirps. I put out, but did not set, 30 Tomahawk and 6 Young's traps. Several Ponderosa Pines have dozens of small cone cones under them, and [illegible] the ground is covered with Douglas Fir strobili. Under the top few millimeters, the ground was wet - it had evidently rained recently. It rained lightly twice in Berkeley in the last
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevda Co, Calif 12 June couple days, and there were reports of snow at the higher elevations. There were a few clouds, wind was light, ftp. 64°F at 1500. 13 June I spent 0610-1305, 1515-2015 in the 1st study area, hearing 85 chirs. The 36 traps were opened from 0830-1100, closed ~1800, catching 1 Beechey Ground Squirrel. The sky was hazy most of the day, wind up to ~20mph. Temp. reached the mid 60's (°F). 14 June I spent 0618-1315, 1540-2032 in the 1st study area, hearing 54 chirs. I opened the 36 traps ~0800, closed them ~1800, catching 2 Beechey Ground Squirrels, 1♀ Junco, and one moriband shrew (Sorcy obscureus, I think) which I prepared a study skin from. The sky was clear, wind up to ~25-30 mph in the early morning, then light in the afternoon. Temp. reached the low 70's (°F) I saw one Gray Squirrel. 15 June I spent 0640-1340, 1540-2020 in the 1st study area, hearing 87 chirs. I opened the 36 traps from 0800-0910, closed them ~1800, catching one Chickaree - an all-winter pelage ♀ which had apparently already weared its joynungs - and a ♀ Junco. I saw 2 Gray Squirrels - one chased a juvenile. The sky was hazy and partly cloudy all day, wind to ~15 mph, temp. 80° at 1530, 66° at 2030. 16 June I spent 0600-1405, 1545-2045 in the 1st study area, hearing 13) chir, and seeing 2 long closer (actually, one I mostly heard). I set the 36 traps ~0730, closed
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 16 June the ~1800, recapturing the squirrel I caught yesterday and catching 1 Brockey Ground Squirrel. I saw one Gray Squirrel and a Stellar Jay with a kinglet-sized bird in its mouth, probably a nestling or fledgling. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 58°F at 0600, 78°F at 1500, 64°F at 2100. 17 June I spent 0610-1330, 1615-2011 in the 1st study area, seeing a mating bout and hearing hundreds of chirls. I opened the 36 traps from 0700 to 0800, closed then from 1630-1700, catching a juvenile and the ♂ I've caught the last couple days. I saw 2 Gray Squirrels which were very high on a clear tree near C5--I think they were juveniles. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 58°F at 0600, 80°F at 1400, 67°F at 2030. The first chir I heard at the truck was at 0533. At ~1600, several chirls came from near the truck; then a ♂ gave an alarm call, or did a squirrel a few meters away. Chirring cell data was not taken after 1730. 18 June I spent 0635-1015 in the 1st study area, hearing 48 chirls. The traps were opened at ~0700, picked up ~1000. I saw a Gray Squirrel in the study area. Wind light, sky clear. 22 June I spent 1722-2000 in the 1st study area to count and fill holes in 5 randomly-chosen squares. I recorded chirls but made no effort to find squirrels until I came in the evening. I saw 2 tame Gray Squirrels near where I've seen a couple of presumed juveniles previously. I heard 18 chirls. Wind light, sky clear.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300ft, 11 mi E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 23 June I spent 0950-1320, 1600-2030 in the 2nd study area, hearing 53 chirps, many in the vicinity of S1 late in the afternoon - perhaps the end of a mating bout. I set 30 traps from 0900 until 1200, closed then ~1800. Sky clear, wind to ~15mph, Temp reached 80°F by 1530. 24 June I spent 0620-0626, 0634-1310, 1540-2057 in the 2nd study area, hearing 59 chirps. I opened the 30 traps from 0730 to 0900, closed then ~1800, catching one juvenile Junco. I watched a new nest oak - 4 juveniles. I saw 2 Gray Squirrels - probably juvenile - near the nest oak, and one adult in the study area. Sky clear, wind to ~15mph, Temp. 64°F at 0620, ~80°F in the afternoon, 64°F at 2100. 25 June I spent 0635-1250, 1520-1930 in the 2nd study area, hearing 124 chirps. I opened the 30 traps from 0800 until 0840, closed then ~1800. I saw 2 Gray Squirrels, juveniles, I think. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. fro 10°-60½°F) at 0630 to ~80°F in the afternoon. 26 June I spent 0717-1310, 1600-2105 in the 2nd study area, hearing 111 chirps. I opened the 30 traps ~0800, closed then ~1800. I saw two juvenile Gray Squirrels and 2 adults- one cutting a Ponderosa Pine cone. I went into Nevada City for supplies in the afternoon - but no dry ice was available. Sky clear until late afternoon, when there was ~20% cloud cover. Wind light. Temp reached ~90°F. I found a new family in an oak which I knew was used by a ♀ earlier.
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Koford, R. 1976 Farm Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 min E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co, GtF. 27 June I spent 0720 - 1320, 1620 - 1840 in the second study area. I stopped taking chirping data at 1740. Perhaps 30 occurred after that, probably over 100 during the whole day. Something was happening - perhaps a moating boat- at the NE end of the study area. The traps were opened from ~0800 to ~1800. Sky clear, wind light. Temp to ~80°F in the afternoon. 28 June I spent 0540-0830, 1005 - 1350, 1610-1830 in the second study area, hearing 68 chirs. In the morning I watched the oldest nest I know of and saw an adult on it, so I guess the mother is still sleeping with the juveniles. I noticed another nest around noon and saw the mother come after 1300. I opened the 30 traps ~0800, closed them ~1900. I went into Nevada City for dry ice in the morning. I saw one Gray Squirrel and a Rat-tailed Hawk flew over. Sky clear but there seemed to be smoke in the West in the evening. Wind light, temp to ~80°F. 29 June I spent 0540-1340, 1715 - 2040 in the 2nd study area, hearing 157 chirrs. The 30 traps were opened ~0800, closed ~1730, catching 1 Junco. I again watched the nest I'd watched yesterday morning, but saw no adult. I also saw a squirrel run away after chirring. Sky clear until a little after 1800, then ~20% cloudy, but still smoke in the W. it cleared by sunset. It was willy up to ~20mph, all day. Temp reached high 70s. I saw 2 Gray Squirrels, found a nest.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi E Nevada City (by rd.) Nevada Co. Calif. 30 June I spent 0540-1145 in the 2nd study area, hearing only 8 chirs. The cold morning may have suppressed the calling. I opened the 30 traps from 0730-0820, picked them up from 1100-1140, caught 1 Juncos. I saw one Gray Squirrel. Sky clear, wind light except for occasional gusts up to ~15 mph. Temp ~50°F at 0600, 63°F when I left ~7:1240. 7 July I spent 1330-2025 in the first study area, hearing 54 chirs. I put out 45 Tomahawks, with sticks camouflaging them, but did not set them. There were only a few campers in the campground. The wind was light, sky overcast with lazy clouds in the early afternoon, then clearing almost completely. Temp reached ~80°F. 8 July I spent 0633-1400, 1625- in the 1st study area, hearing 46 chirs. I opened the 45 traps from 0730- 0845, closed them from 1815-1845, catching one juvenile and 3 Beechey Ground Squirrels. I saw 4 Gray Squirrels- I may have seen the same one more than once, two Beechey Ground Squirrels, and a chipmunk. I found a new nest and counted 4 juveniles - one of them was marked. I watched the nest around midday but saw no mother come, and again in the evening, again seeing no 68°F at 2130. mother. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 60°F at 0630, 82°F at 1600, 9 July I spent 0545-1337, 1505-2045 in the 1st study area, hearing 85 chirs. I opened the traps from 0850-0950, closed them from 1805-1825, catching 3 Beechey Ground Squirrels and one chipmunk. Wind up to ~15 mph, Sky clear. Temp. 62°F at 0540, 81°F at 1500, 62°F at 2100.
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Robson, R. 1926 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 1 1/2 mi. E Nevada City (by mt.), Nevada Co., Calif. 9 July I saw a 3/4-grown juvenile, apparently in estrous. The sugar pine conkins are brownish-looking. Apparently I missed their yellow, ripening stage, but I can see no evidence that the squirrels ate any. I also missed the maturing of the ponderosa Pine conkins. 10 July I spent 0530-1325, 1535-1840 in the 1st study area, hearing 92 chirs. I opened the 45 traps from 0700 - 0830, closed them from 1805 - 1835, catching two Steller Jays and 2 Berkeley Ground Squirrels. I saw 2 closer in the morning - both in the campground, sky clear, wind to ~15 mph. Temp. 63°F at 0530, 94°F at 1530, 61°F at 2100. I went into Nevada city in the afternoon for dry ice and supplies. The campground was ~3/4 full - lots of noise, snake. 11 July I spent 0614-1320, 1545-2100 in the 1st study area, hearing 101 chirs. I opened the traps from 0750 - 0850, closed them ~1930, catching 2 Berkeley Ground Squirrels, 2 Steller Jays, and a Rufous-sided Towhee. The campground was almost full, and in the morning, but almost empty by evening. Sky was mostly clear most of the day - some clouds on the western horizon. Then a little before 1700 the clouds "moved" eastward and blocked the sun partially - there was a lazy sun which still cast shadows. The clouds were moving north. It cleared by sunset. Wind strong, up to ~20 mph. Temp. 63°F at 0600, 82°F at 1530, 61°F at 2130. I again saw the juvenile which appears to be in estrous, and got some good observations of a couple males approaching her.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal Tamiasciurus douglasii White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 12 July I spent 0550 - 1305, 1345 - 2040 in the 1st study area, hearing 163 chirs. I only opened 41 traps, from 0910-1010, closed them ~ 1830, catching a Junco and 3 Berkeley Ground Squirrels. I saw one Gray Squirrel in the study area, and 1 shrew. I again got some good observations on the estrous juvenile. Other males are coming into the area, so maybe tomorrow will be the day. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 55° F at 0545, 78° F at 1330, 66° F at 2130. 13 July I spent 0535-1020, 1150-2050 in the 1st study area, hearing lots of chirs and seeing a mini-mating bout involving a Sjuvenile. It mainly involved 2 males, but 2 others, at least, were also involved. The or that spent practically the whole day with the f didn't finish his copulation. I didn't set the traps. Sky clear, wind light, temp. 66° F at 0530, 77° F at 1145, 67° F at 2115. I saw a Gray Squirrel interact with a chickaree, and 2 other in the same tree, close together, tails hanging straight down - presumably juveniles. I got what I think was a good count on a family in the morning. 14 July I spent 0530-1355, 1600-2020 in the 1st study area, except for ~ half an hour around noon and a little over an hour in the afternoon in the campground. I opened the traps (45) at 0720-0825, closed them ~1815, catching 5 Stellar Jays, a Junco, and 3 Berkeley Ground Squirrels. I saw 3 Gray Squirrels. I tried playing some calls on a tape recorder in the campground in the afternoon,
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4700 ft., 11 mi E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co, Calif. 14 July to see if it will be possible to use playbacks to elucitate the territorial responses of the squirrel. Having only 1 watt, the tape player don't have the volume of a live squirrel. I watched an oak in the morning and saw only 2 juveniles - I saw 3 go in the day before yesterday. I suspect they are going to individual holes. I heard 103 chirs, and saw the one with the spot on his right side get chased in the campground. Sky clear, wind mostly light, but occasionally up to ~15mph, temp in the low 60's in the early morning, ~80° in the afternoon, 68°F at 2030. 15 July I spent 0607-1330, 1545-2040 in the 1st study area, extcept for a little while in the campground, hearing 192 chirs, many by juveniles. I think I found a couple nests. I saw 2 Gray squirrels, 1 interacting with a couple chickadees. I opened the 45 traps from 0825 until 0935, closed them for ~1830 to ~1906. Sky clear, then ~10% cloud in the W in the early afternoon, then ~40% at ~1600, clearing to ~10% again by sunset. Wind light. Temp in the low 60's (°F) at 0600, 87°F at 1530, 71°F at 2130. The traps caught 2 Beechey Ground Squirrels, a chipmunk, 3 Steller Jays, and 4 Juncoes, 2 in one trap. A 9 chickadee probably chirred. 16 July I spent 0529-0915 in the 1st study area, then I was in and out taking the traps back to the truck, during which time I recorded squirrels, but not calls. I heard
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal Tamiasciurus douglasii White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 16 July. 66 clips. I didn't set the traps. I watched an oak in the morning, saw what was probably a ? cone out- I had previously seen a ? use that oak for a nest. The western 2/3 of the campground has been closed due to lack of water, so there aren't any more campers to bother the squirrels there. A couple moles from the study area have been using part of the campground. The sky was overcast until 0845, then it cleared to ~20% cloud cover. Wind light except for occasional gusts to ~10mph. Temp. in the low 60's (F) at 0520, 76° at 1030, when I left. 21 July. I arrived last night. I spent 0910-1325, 1550-1845 in the 2nd study area, hearing 30 chirps, many from juveniles. I set 30 Tomahawks from 0925-1135, closed then ~1800. I've tried baiting a few of them with Douglas Fir cones in addition to peanuts. Sky clear, wind generally light. Temp. 60° F at 0730, 80° F at 1530, 62° F at 2020. 22 July. I spent 0550-1310, 1540-1810 in the 2nd study area, hearing 44 chirps, getting a long observation of a ? resting at midday. I opened the 30 traps from 0900-1030, closed then from 1745-1810. I saw a Cooperi Hawk fly into a tree where it evidently got a bird, then saw it plucking feathers a couple min later. Sky clear except for a few fleecy clouds in the late afternoon. Wind light. Temp. 61° F at 0545, 85° F at 1530, 63° F at 2020.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. N Nevada City (by road), Nevada Co., Calif. 23 July I spent 0735 - 1300, 1520 - 1815 in the 2nd study area, hearing 27 chirps. I opened the traps from 0925 to 1015, closed them ~1800. I saw 2 or juveniles engaging in mock copulation, and found a probable nest tree of a lactating ?. It rained very lightly, off and on, from - 0400 to - 0700, then the cloud cover varied from 20 - 100% during the day, mostly ~80%, but clear by sunset. Wind to ~15 mph. I went into Nevada city in the afternoon for dry ice and supplies. Temp. 67°F at 0730, about 80°F in the afternoon 24 July I spent 0607 - 1305, 1600 - 1915 in the 2nd study area, hearing 28 chirps. I opened the traps from 0723 - 0815, closed them 1755 - 1820. I saw a Cooper's Hawk fly close to a juvenile and saw 1 Gray Squirrel. Sky clear except for a few clouds (< 1% cover) which went by in the early afternoon. Wind to ~15 mph. Temp. 63°F at 0600, 85°F at 1600, 72°F at 2040. 25 July I spent 0633 - 1305, 1555 - 2030 in the 2nd study area, hearing 58 chirps. The 30 traps were opened at 0800- 0905, closed at 1810 - 1835. Evidently I left one trap open last night, because there was a woodrat in one of the traps in the morning. I found 2 juvenile nests in the evening, and watched a ? for a long time at midday. I saw 3 Gray Squirrels and one chipmunk. Sky clear, wind light; Temp. 65°F at 0600, 87°F 1545, 74°F at 2100.
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Koford, R 1976 Journal Tamiasciurus douglasii White Cloud campground, 4300ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rail), Nevado Co., Calif. 26 July I spent 0540-1230, 1503-2034 in the 2nd study area, hearing 51 chirrs. I opened the 30 traps at 0845-0925, closed then at 1745-1815. I follow a ♀ for a long time in the morning, and I think he took a trip outside his territory. I saw a couple summer-pease or juniniler go into their hole, and saw another juvenile go into a tree which probably has a nest. One adult or apparently spent much of the hot day in a hole - I saw him come out. At 1915 a coyote howled ~ 1/4 mile W of the study area. Wind light, sky clear, temp. 65°F at 0530, 91°F at 1500, 73°F at 2100. 27 July I spent 0544-1320, 1615-1700, 1740-2035 in the 2nd study area, hearing 45 chirrs. I opened the 30 traps at 0645-0735, closed then at 1740-1840, catching a ♂ juvenile and a Steller Jay. One nest was found in the evening. There were a few lazy clouds in the afternoon, less than 5/7. Wind light. Temp. 65°F at 0540, 88½°F at 1600, 74°F at 2045; 28 July I spent 0520-1330, 1610-1740, 1752-2015 in the 2nd study area, hearing 69 chirrs. I didn't set the traps, but when I picked them up at ~1700, one was still open and had peanuts in it - I evidently forgot to close it yesterday. I saw a couple juvenile Gray Squirrels and heard a Gray Squirrel alarm call. I also saw a flock of bushtits - the first live seen here in the afternoon. I saw a ♀ go into her hole in the
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal Farniergum daughter: White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., CA 28 July evening, and followed her from the nest in the morning. She's evidently lactating, but I'm not sure if she's a [illegible] year juvenile or adult. It rained lightly during the night, but the ground wasn't even completely covered with moisture in the morning. Cloud cover was ~10% at 0530, then increased to ~80%, clearing to ~20% by 0830, then increasing to ~99% for most of the morning, then 100%. Light rain fell, often on, from 1300 to 1400. By 1600 cloud cover was ~40%, then 100%. Late and light rain fell between 1835 and 1950. At 2000 the cloud cover was ~60%. It rained a little at 2200. Wind was light, temp. 74°F at 0515, 73°F at 1330 during the rain, 79°F at 1600, 72°F at 2050. 29 July I set 27 traps N of the highway, N of the campground, trying to catch a pregnant ♀ to take back to Berkeley, but only caught 1 Berkeley Ground Squirrel. I had planned to test territorial response of squirrels in the campground, but no squirrels called—maybe because EG, normally living in the campground, spent much of the day in the study area. I took some notes on squirrel activity which seemed significant, in the study area, but not the usual detailed notes. The sky was 30-50% cloudy in the morning, clearing by the early afternoon, with light. Temp. 68°F at 0645, 85°F at 1600, 71°F at 2020.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 30 July I opened the 27 traps N of the Hwy, then spent the morning in the campground with the tape player, getting one territorial response to a playback. I also took a few notes on some squirrels. I picked up the traps around 1100 and left at noon. Wind NE light, sky - 70% cloudy all morning, temp. 68° F at 0800. 10 Aug. I spent 0645 - 1045, & 1745 - 1900 in an area S of Hwy 20 near the mile 31 marker - 1.5 mi. E of the campground by rd. - collecting squirrels. At ~ 0700 I collected a juvenile which turned out to be a ♀ - after being attracted to the area by a high chir. At 0845 I collected a squirrel, which turned out to be a scrotal ♂, after being attracted by an alarm call which stopped when I got close. At 0920, attracted by a falling cone, I collected a small squirrel which turned out to be a scrotal ♂. It gave a couple alarm notes. Wind was light, sky has lazy clouds, temp. was 74° F at 1730. 11 Aug. I spent 0710 - 1200 in the area S of the Hwy near the mile 31 marker, trying to find females or juveniles to collect. I couldn't determine the sex of a couple squirrels, nor saw one scrotal ♂, so I didn't collect any. I then went into Nevada City for dry ice and supplies, then spent 1730 - 2035 in the 1st study area, seeing a weak approach by a ♀, seeing a marked squirrel go into a hole, and a ♂ - probably lactating - stay out until well after sunset. The sky was clear, but I could see heavy clouds on the E horizon when I went into Nevada City. Wind light. Temp 78° F at 1500, 68° F at 2100.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by air), Nevada Co., Calif. 11th Aug. The whole campground was again open, and about half full. The collecting locality was largely in a shallow canyon, and vegetation was similar to my study areas, except for Dogwoods in the canyon floor. There seemed to be fewer Douglas Firs, and fewer open spaces. The trees were more uniformly tall, too. The squirrel density seemed about the same as the study area, maybe a little lower. 12 Aug. I spent 0625-1430, 1625-2025 in the 1st study area, hearing 142 chirs. Many were given by a juvenile living near I4. I saw it go [illegible] out on an oak which is probably its nest tree in the evening. I think it is probably one of FG's juveniles. There is a lactating & living nearby, near H4, and the 2 with the spot is living just E of there. What is probably another of FG's juveniles is living near F2. She has apparently lost her ear tag. I think I caught and marked a third of her juveniles - a 2. I saw another 2, about the same size, and another 8 is presumably grown and may be pregnant - that makes a minimum of 2 2's and 2 8's. I opened 30 traps from 0740-0930, closed them from 1845-1915, catching one juvenile, one chipmunk, 3 Beechey Ground Squirrels (one juvenile), and one Stellar Jay. I saw 3 Gray Squirrels. Sky clear except for a couple small clouds around midday and some hazy clouds in the evening. Wind up to ~15 mph. Temp. 59°F at 0620, 79°F at 1620, 65°F at 2025. One dog in the campground barked.
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K. Ford, R. 1976 Journal White Tool campground 4300 ft, 11 mi E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 13 Aug. I spent 0635-1410, 1620-2020 in the 1st study area, hearing 177 chirps. I opened the 30 traps from 0850-0930, closed them from 1800-1822, catching one adult, 2 juvenile Beechey Ground Squirrels. I saw a Perognathus foraging around and a Gray Squirrel eating acorns. I saw a ? adult & juvenile playing, though she gave chirps once in a while. I also saw a ? min chase - probably a lactating & chasing a juvenile which was chirring in her area. I found the nest hole of the juvenile, and the probable nest site of a ? & juvenile. I also saw an adult ? go into a hole around midday - it may be his nest hole. I also saw a ? approaching a juvenile ?. Wind was up to ~20 mph. The sky was covered by 50-80% hazy cloud cover for most of the day. Temp. 57°F at 0630, 69°F at 1610, & 57°F at 2030. A couple people with dogs went through the study area and a couple people gathered firewood. The campground was about half full. 14 Aug. It started raining at about midnight last night, hard at times, then lightly on and off all day. In addition, there was mist in the air all day. I went into Nevada City in the afternoon for supplies. Wind to ~15 mph. Temp. 53°F at 0830, 53°F at 1900, and probably didn't get much above that all day. I stayed in the truck. 15 Aug. It rained last night, hard at times, and was sprinkling in the early morning. It was misty and overcast all day, with water dripping from the trees. There were
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.) [illegible], Calif 15 Aug. puddler of water several centimeters deep in some dirt roads. I spent 0905 - 0935, 1205 - 1315, 1900 - 2010 in the 1st study area, hearing quite a few chirring calls in spite of the wet weather. Wind light, temp. 45°F at 0900, 49°F at 1700, 47°F at 2030. 16 Aug. I spent 0650 - 1200 in the area S of the mile 31 marker of Hwy 20, about 1 1/2 mi. E (by rd.) of the campground, trying unsuccessfully to collect juveniles or females. The squirrels mostly stayed high in the trees. I then spent 1640 - 2000 in the 1st study area, seeing mostly juveniles, but seeing one scrotal o with a bare rostrum chase a juvenile. The ground was wet, and some leaves were still wet. The sky was completely overcast until ~ 1600, then over 90% cloud2 until ~ 1800, then clearing to ~15% cloud cover - all o on the western horizon - by sunset. Wind light, temp. 44°F at 0630, 55°F at 1630, 47°F at 2015. 17 Aug. I spent 0710 - 1200, 1618 - 2000 in the 1st study area, hearing 120 chirrs. I went into [illegible] Nevada City in the afternoon, getting dry ice and supplies. I found 2 probable juvenile nests - one may have moved from a more exposed hole 14 found previously. I also saw a lactating R go just a hole w/ it remains to be seen whether this is a change Also, I saw a R cutting ~ 7 cones/mix. or a new R. I saw a long o - & encounter with 15C, I think. If it's her, she's now in summer polyg. Wind up to ~10mph sky overcast except for a few patches of blue and midday rain at 2000. Temp. 45°F at 0700, 60°F at 1615, 51°F at 2030,
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Koford, R. 1974 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (Butt), Nears CA Coll. 18 Aug. It rained last night and there was a light rain in the early morning. Then water dripped from the trees, making observation difficult. Since the forecast was for more rain, I picked up the traps and left around noon. The temperature was 50° F at 0900. 26 Aug. I spent 1100-1313, 1542-1955 in the 2nd study area, 1355-1512 in the 1st study area. I set 30 traps in the 2nd study area from 1100 to 1300, catching a ? juvenile Gray Squirrel. I saw 2 chipmunks, 3 Gray Squirrels, and a Hairy Woodpecker pecking at a gosh in a green Sugar Pine cone on the tree. The traps were closed at 1755-1815. Wind was light, the sky was clear. Temp. 75° F at 1530, 62° F at 2000. The ground was wet in many places, and where dry, wet under a couple ins. of dirt or a couple oz. of duff. In several places there were dozens off fir cones and Douglas Fir cones on the ground. 27 Aug. I spent 0700-1342, 1545-1950 in the 2nd study area. I opened the traps from 0720-0915, closed them from 1805-1830. I saw a Gray Squirrel chase a chickaree, and at another time saw a chickaree chase a Gray Squirrel—probably a juvenile. I saw a long chase, but couldn't identify the participants. I saw 2 other Gray Squirrels. Wind light, sky clear. Temp. 60° F at 0700, 81° F at 1500, 68° F at 2000. 28 Aug. I spent 0624-1320, 1630-2002 in the 2nd study area, going into Nevada City in the afternoon and
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Koford P 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (hyrd.) Route to White 28 Aug. spent a few minutes in the 1st study area trying to find new juveniles at ~1345. I opened the 30 traps from 0820-0815, closed them too. 1815-1845 I saw 3 Gray Squirrels, one involved in an almost encounter with a chickaree. I probably found a nest of an adult ♂, and a nest of a ♀ juvenile. I saw a chase in the same area I saw one yesterday. I also saw a juvenile chase an adult ♀. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 64°F at 0620, low 80's in the afternoon, 67°F at 2030. 29 Aug. I spent 0615-1310, 1405-1945 in the 2nd study area. The traps were opened at 0805-0840, closed them from 1805- 1830. I found one new nest and one which I've seen used before. I saw one territorial interaction, but it didn't develop into a chase. I heard a greeting while in the morning, saw 2 squirrels got drinks, found a couple caches, saw 4 Gray Squirrels, and saw a juvenile Swainson's Hawk. I got pretty good range information on a new ♂ juvenile. The sky was clear, wind light. Temp. was in the low 60's in the morning, 85°F at 1400, 67°F at 2015. 30 Aug. I spent 0605-0755, 0850-1310, 1350-1954 in the 2nd study area, hearing 62 chips. The traps were opened from 0850- 0950, closed at 1805-1830. I saw a ♀ leave her nest - I've watched the previous 2 mornings without getting floor early enough. Some squirrels are burying cones. I spent quite a while compiling a list of cone production, so
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4308ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nev., Aug. 30 Aug. I didn't actively seek squirrel sightings from the late morning to ~1900, but I did record calls, and I saw some squirrels while checking the traps. I've found 84 errors which seem to be cache areas. I saw 4 Gray Squirrels - no interaction with chickadees - and a Boyzle and some Swifts. Sky clear, wind light. Temp in the low 60's in the morning, 85°F at 1340, 73° at 2015. 31 Aug. I spent 0615-1315, 1505-1955 in the 2nd study area, going into Nevada City in the afternoon for dry ice and supplies. I spent most of the day continuing a catalogue of cone production. I saw one chase between 2 juveniles. I saw 3 Gray Squirrels - they seemed like juveniles. I opened the 30 traps at 0740-0850, closed them at 1755-1815. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 67°F at 0615, 89°F at 1500, 71°F at 2030. 1 Sept. I spent 0615-1350, 1425-1950 in the 2nd study area, spending most of my time after ~1000 cataloguing cones. I set one additional trap in a cache area. 31 in all, from 0840-0940, closed them at 1755-1820, catching 1 juvenile ♂. I saw 3 Gray Squirrels, 2 interacting with chickadeer. They seem to be dominant at close range, but generally move away, at least a little. I saw one squirrel leave its nest in the morning, one go in in the evening. I got some additional range information on a couple squirrels. Sky clear, wind light. Temp 63°F at 0600, 88°F at 1415, 73°F at 2015.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White cloud campground 4300 ft. 11 mi E Nevada City (by rd.) Nevada Co, Calif. 2 Sept. I spent 0608 - 1113, 1200 - 1945 in the 2nd study area, opening the 71 traps from 0830 - 0900, closing them from 1800 - 1830. Wind [illegible], sky clear. Temp. 66°F at 0600, 85°F at 7200, 71° at 2000. 3 Sept. I spent 6622 - 1330, 1400 - 1545 in the 2nd study area, but didn't set the traps. I picked them up, spent most of the day on the cone catalogue. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. mid-60's to mid 80's. 8 Sept. I spent 0736 - 1320/5:10 - 1945 in the 1st study area, setting 70 traps from 0800 - 1000, closing them from 1800 - 1837, catching a 2 juvenile Beechey Ground one adult &, 1 Squirrels, and a Steller Jay. There were many cones on the ground in places, some in holes or half buried. The Douglas Firs are opening. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. mid 60's to mid 80's, 69°F at 2015. 9 Sept. I spent 0653 - 1300, 1425 - 1925 in the 1st study area with Bonnie Bown (she was here yesterday too). I opened the 30 traps at 0815 - 0950, closed them from 1800 - 1840, catching 3 juvenile Beechey Ground Squirrels. Wind light. sky clear except for a few small isolated clouds in the afternoon ( < 1% cover), temp. 65°F at 0650, 85°F at 1300, 73°F at 2000. 10 Sept. I spent 0712 - 1325 in the 1st study area. I opened the 30 traps from 0900 - 0940, closed them at 1300 - 1325. I saw a squirrel which may have been an adult & older. I also found some half-grown juveniles. It was overcast in the morning, but some blue showed through at times. It started
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White cloud appeared, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 10 Sept. to rain lightly in the early afternoon, and I went into Nevada City. It rained off and on all afternoon. Wind was light. Temp 65°F at 0700, 75°F at 1300. 11 Sept. It rained quite a bit last night, making puddles in some places in dirt roads, then lightly off and on all day. It was overcast all day. I spent about an hour in the 1st study area, heard several clis. I took no notes, but counted none seen. 12 Sept. I spent 0710-1405, 1445-1940 in the 1st study area, catching 3 clickerets, seeing 3 juvenile Gray Squirrels. I set the 30 traps at 0800-0800 closed them at 1700-1730. The sky was partly cloudy all day, clearing by sunset. Wind light. Temp. 51°F at 0700, 63°F at 1440, 56°F at 2000. I saw an adult Robin. 13 Sept. I spent 0715-1225, 1325-1927 in the 1st study area, catching 3 clickerets and 2 juvenile Berkeley Ground Squirrel, saw 2 Gray Squirrels. I heard a ? cli. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 51°F at 0710, 69°F at 1320, 59°F at 2000. I saw 5 juveniles go into a root hole in the evening, but the ♀ didn't join them by the time I left. 14 Sept. I spent 0658-1340, 1515-1910 in the 1st study area, going into Nevada City in the afternoon. The traps were opened ~0830, closed ~1800. I only opened 26 of them. I caught 3 juvenile ground squirrels. I saw a clickerets close a Gray Squirrel, saw another Gray Squirrel, heard a couple probable ♀ clis. Sky overcast or partly cloudy all day. Wind light. Temp. 56°F at 0850, 75°F at 1500, 61°F at 1930.
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Koford, R. 1970 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co. (e2)18 15 Sept. I spent 0615-1310, 1340-1925 in the 1st study area, hearing a couple chirps which may have been made by G.G. I watched a family leave its owl, but the count may not have been accurate. I watched them go in, but again, I may not have arrived early enough. I spent most of the day continuing a cone catalogue. I opened 26 trunks from 0830- 0930, closed them from 1740-1800, catching 2 juvenile ground squirrels, 1 Steller Jay. I saw a couple half- grown juveniles in the campground. Under an Ponderosa Pine, I found several tips which had been chewed to ~2 in., clear through to the central core. I don't know whether it was done by chickarees. Squirrels continue to cut fir cones- mainly in the early morning, but some are falling apart on the trees. The Douglas fir cones still on the trees are opening. There are localized cache areas, with holes with 1-4 cones in them so many stuffed in cracks under logs. They aren't buried for the most part. I've seen several clumps of young oaks- evidently cacher coming up. One had 30 young plants; most have less than that. Wind may up to ~15 mph in the morning, calmer in the afternoon. The sky was ~80% cloudy in the morning, 100% in the early afternoon, then ~80% for the late afternoon. Temp. 52°F at 0610, 62°F at 1330, 52°F at 1940. 16 Sept. I spent 0615-1305, 1342-1915 in the 1st study area, seeing 2 chases of a Gray Squirrel by a chickaree - perhaps the same squirrels both times. all saw a chase involving 2 chickarees, heard what was perhaps another. I finally got a good count on the juvenile live
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 16 Sept. been trying to count for the last several days. I spent some time in the area E of 192 trying to see the half-grown juveniles I saw there before, without success. I spent most of the day continuing the cone catalogue. I opened 24 traps from 0915-1000, closed them from 1755-1850, catching one chickaree and 2 juvenile ground squirrels. I heard a chirp from a presumed female juvenile. The sky was ~20% cloudy in the early morning, ~80 to 100% around midday, then clearing in the middle afternoon. Wind light. Temp. 47°F at 0610, 54°F at 1730, 50°F at 1940. 17 Sept. I spent 0717-1150 in the 1st study area, continuing the cone catalogue. Sky ~30% cloudy. Wind light. Temp. 50°F at 0700. 21 Sept. I spent 1630-1800 in the 2nd study area. Sky ~20% cloudy. Wind light. 22 Sept. I spent 0723-1250, 1400-1725 in the 2nd study area, hearing surprisingly few chirps. I set 15 traps from 0950-1045, closed them from 1600-1625, catching 2 squirrels. I saw 2 Gray Squirrels, heard another. There are small juveniles in 2 areas. I saw 2 squirrels in the same tree for several min., one chirping, heard a female chirp. Sky 30-80% cloudy, wind to ~10 mph. Temp. 53°F at 0715, 75°F at 1400, 55°F at 2015. 23 Sept. I spent 0630-1215, 1435-1825 in the 2nd study area. I opened the 15 traps from 0930-1015, closed them at ~1800, catching one juvenile. I heard a chirping, saw 3 Gray Squirrels. Seeds from White Firs fell occasionally with a gentle clattering sound. I could see one family in the study area. The sky was clear in the
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Koford, R. 1876 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 23 Sept. morning, becoming overcast in the mid-afternoon, then clearing. Wind light. Temp. 51°F at 0625, 78°F at 1430, 60°F at 1930. 24 Sept. I spent 0713-1110, 1300-1915 in the 2nd study area. I opened the 15 traps from 0820-0900, closed them from 1740-1750, catching 2 juveniles, but I'd run out of dry ice so they only got Lady Chairol nuts. I went into Nevada City at midday for more dry ice and supplies. I heard 4 chirps, saw 2 Gray Squirrels. The sky was ~20% cloudy in the morning, clear in the afternoon. Wind was light. Temp. 57°F at 0700, 75°F at 1300, 61°F at 1930. 25 Sept. I spent 0628-1305, 1430-1920 in the 2nd study area. I opened the 15 traps at 0930-0850, closed them ~1730. I heard 8 chirps, saw 3 Gray Squirrels - one juvenile & a pair chased near a chickaree cache. It seems that an adult & an lectating juvenile have disappeared from the study area. There is an adult & in their area. I counted 3 juveniles in one family in the evening, but didn't see them come to the nest at midday. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 55°F at 0620, 73°F at 1425, 60°F at 1930. In the early afternoon I came upon one Gray Squirrel chasing another. They went ~ 4m, then one stopped and the one being chased continued on the ground ~ 15m, then seemed to forage there. 26 Sept. I spent 0618-1310, 1805-1915 in the 2nd study area, counting a family in the morning and evening, seems that another family still had the mother coming to the
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal Tamiasciurus douglasii White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.) Nevada Co. Cal if. 26 Sept. nest at midday, I saw one sort-of-chase, heard 2 chirs, saw 3 Gray Squirrels and a Cooper Hawk fly close to a squirrel. I set the 15 traps at 0855-0920, closed them 1750-1800. I continued the cone catalogue. Sky clear except for a few clouds in the west in the evening, contributing to a premature darkening of the sky. Wind up to ~10mph. Temp. 52°F at 0615, 68°F at 1400, 55°F at 1930. 27 Sept. I spent 0620-0930, 1130-1700 in the 2nd study area, going into Nevada City for supplies in the late morning. I set the 15 traps from 0855-0920, picked them up from 1510-1527, catching a new juvenile. I saw 3 Gray Squirrels in the study area, 2 on my way into Nevada City and one heard on the road. I saw one chase, one chase-at-a-distance, one squirrel outside its territory, and got some good territorial boundary chirs. The sky was hazy overcast in the early morning, then heavily overcast until early afternoon, then 90-100% cloudy for the afternoon. Wind up to ~20mph. Temp. 51°F at 0615, 67°F at 1330, 52°F at 1930. Some oak leaves are yellowing; some Sugar Pines have open cones- some still closed. Piny pines are losing their seeds, as are some Port Orford Pines. I collected 2 mushrooms. 28 Sept. I spent 0627-1400, 1435-1905 in the 1st study area, seeing 1 Gray Squirrel. I set 15 traps from 0855-0935, closed them from 1700-1715, catching 1 squirrel. I picked a couple Boletus mushrooms from the campground, saw 2 mushrooms in the study area. I heard 4 chirs, saw a new family with many juveniles. Sky overcast until ~0800, then ~70% until ~1500, then 100%. Wind up to ~15mph. Temp. 57°F at 0625, 65°F at 1430, 55°F at 1930.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by mail), Nevada Co., Calif. 28 Sept. I saw a ? chasing a juvenile. 29 Sept. I spent 0633-1315, 1325-1910 in the 1st study area, seeing 2 Gray Squirrels, one being chased by a chickaree. I found a juvenile in a new place. I may have seen the tail of a chase of a Berkeley Ground Squirrel by a chickaree. The traps were opened at 0840-0915, closed the for 1645-1700, catching a small ground squirrel and a Steller Jay. Wind light, sky overcast all day. Temp. 61°F at 0630, 21°F at 1320, 55° at 1930. 30 Sept. I spent 0630-0800 in the first study area, then picked up the traps and left. Sky clear, but partly cloudy over the central valley, overcast and raining in the Bay Area. Temp. 64°F at 0625 ; wind light. 2 Oct. I spent 0730-1025, 1710-1740 in the 1st study area. I arrived last night and the ground was wet. A couple local people told me that it had rained very little, but been overcast. This day was foggy and overcast all day, and it rained a little in mid-afternoon. Wind light. Temp. 50°F at 0725, 51°F at 1400, 49° at 1930. The trees dripped all day and it was dark, making observation and note taking difficult. 3 Oct. I spent 0630-1155, 1250-1855 in the 1st study area hearing a ? chirp and a Gray Squirrel alarm call. I also saw one chipmunk. A squirrel seems to be rising, maybe 2. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 45°F at 0625, 58°F at 1230, 55°F at 1910.
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Koford, R. 1926 Journal white cloud campground, 4200 ft., 11 mi E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co, Calif. 4 Oct. I spent 0620-1325 in the 1st study area. The sky was clear, wind light. Temp. 48° F at 0625; in the low 60's in the early afternoon when I left. I saw geese (goose?) going S. 8 Oct. I spent 1500-1850 in the 2nd study area, putting out, but not setting, 15 traps in the area of the & living in the area of T9, S8, T7, which I intend to remove so I can observe the effect on the neighboring squirrels. I heard the & clin. The sky was clear, but at sunset there were clouds over the central valley. Wind light. Temp. 81° F at 1500, 66° F at 1915. 9 Oct. I spent 0710-1025, 1100-1325, 1445-1900 in the 2nd study area. I opened the 15 traps from 0735-0800, closed them from 1655-1755, catching the & I wanted, then moving 4 traps to the area of n9, then catching a & in the previous &'s area. It is possible that the 2nd & killed in the 1st &'s former territory, but I didn't see her. At any rate, no squirrel moved into the 1st &'s area. I saw a couple juveniles go into their hole, but no & came. Twice, on the same tour, I saw a half-grown juvenile chase another and both chirred. Sky clear except for a layer of clouds low in the east at sunset. Wind generally light, but occasionally up to ~15 mph. Temp 57° F at 0700, 28° F at 1445, 64° F at 1930. The ground is dry except for parts of the hard-packed road. Many oak leaves are dropping, and fir scales and seeds fall occasionally.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Natchez City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 10 Oct. I spent 0845-1303, 1418-1903 in the 2nd study area, seeing 2 Gray Squirrels, 2 deer hunters. I spent much of my time in the area of the rescued squirrel, part of which has been claimed by a neighboring squirrel. The rescued squirrel gives a quiet chirring sound from her box once in a while. I watched a nest oak in the morning, but I may not have gotten there early eough to see whether th & is still sleepy with the juveniles. I watched a couple juveniles go into their next tree in the evening. I caught 2 juveniles, but one escaped before I could mark it. The 15 traps were set from 0845-0940, closed at 1650-1705. I moved them all out of the area of the rescued squirrel, trying to catch the unmarked 3/4 grown juvenile and the half-grown juveniles. I counted fresh frottle holes on 4 sample plots, seeing several mephroon, collecting 2 and giving one to th &. A median sized Sugar Pine outside the study area had 17 open cones, 11 split open by White-headed Woodpeckers, and no cones underneath. The sky was 20-80% cloud, for most of the morning, clear in the afternoon. Wind to ~15mph Temp. Sk:F at 0640, 72°F at 1410, 60°F at 1930. 11 Oct. I spent 0635-1325, 1410-1850 in the 2nd study area. I opened th traps at 0845-0905, picked them up at 1650- 1715, catching one squirrel. I saw one chase, and I think another occurred. I saw one Gray Squirrel, hence 2.
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Kerford, B. 1926 Journal White Chalk campground, 4700 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calth. 11 Oct. I watched a nest in the morning, confirming that there is not living with the juveniles. I watched another nest at midday, saw no juveniles. I made a cock catalogue; I found a 100 small nestboxes in one area - 52 in diameter, found several more in the study area. Sky clean, wind up to -15mph. Temp. 52°F at 0630, 73°F at 1410, 65°F at 1915. I saw geese going S. 12 Oct. 0630 I checked nothing the tall stump 31-700'-31. From 0655 to 0658, 5 small juveniles came out of the hole. Over the next few min., one crossed the oak 35-197'-51, two went onto the oak and I lost them, and the stayed near the stump. At 0209 one of these went -150'N on the ground. 24 Oct. I arrived last night, parked in the upper half of the campground. The lower half is still blocked off. It hasn't rained in the Bay Area in the last couple weeks, and presumably hasn't here. I spent 0755-1330, 1605-1832 in the 1st study area, setting 15 traps from 0915-1015, chased then from 1630-1640, catching one adult, 3 juveniles, one Eutamias quadriviridatus), one Beechey Ground Squirrel. I saw one Gray Squirrel being chased by a chickaree, heard another. I heard a chickaree close. I got a good count of a family, 2 of which I had marked today. The sky is 20-80% cloudy, wind to -15mph. Temp. 50°F at 0750, 60°F at 1400, 1605 52°F at 1830. I saw no musteloids. The oaks continue to lose their leaves. All Ponderosa Pine cones are open.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal white cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nuba Co., Calif. 25 Oct. I spent 0648-1431, 1450-1816 in the 1st study area. I didn't set the traps - it was pretty cold. I saw 2 chases involving juveniles, saw one squirrel run when another chirred nearby - I counted a family in the morning, noted it in the early afternoon, and in the evening. I saw 2 Gray Squirrels, two chipmunks, 1 Beeley Ground Squirrel. The sky was clear except for a few clouds in the E at sunrise. Wind light. Temp. 43°F at 0645, 54°F at 1445, 48°F at 1830. 26 Oct. I spent 0653-1145, 1250-1825 in the 1st study area. I set 15 traps at 0930-1005, closed them from 1635-1645, catching one squirrel. I saw a ♀ chase two juveniles, saw 2 Gray Squirrels, heard and saw Varied Thrushes. Sky clear, wind to -15 mph. Temp. 39°F at 0650, 53°F at 1245, 56°F at 1530, 49°F at 1845. 27 Oct. I spent 0700-1115 in the 1st study area, setting 9 traps from 0810-0820, picking them up at 1055-1100. I found a new family, saw 1 Gray Squirrel, counted chipmunk holes. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 42°F at 0700, 57°F at 1130 when I left. 6 Nov. I spent 0730-1050, 1135-1720 in the 1st study area. I set 10 traps in the area S of DS from 0830-0915, closed them ~1530. I caught 1 squirrel. I saw a couple chases, 3 Gray Squirrels, and a chipmunk. I doubt if it has rained here since my last visit, since it hasn't in the Bay Area. We have now gone off Daylight Savings Time. I watched a nest in the
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Koford, F. 1926 Journal white cloud coverage, 4300 ft, 71 mi E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 6 Nov. evening. Almost all the leaves of the oaks are dead, and dropping. Most fir cones have disintegrated and dropped their scales, leaving a central stalk. I started a record of the number of fir and ponderosa pine cones left on the trees. Cloud cover varied from heavy clouds over ~30% of the sky at 0800 to ~70% in the early afternoon, ~10% at sunset. Wind light. Temp. 60°F at 0815, 73°F at 1415, 60°F at 1720. 7 Nov. I spent 0605-1230, 1335-1715 in the 12th study area. I set the 10 traps from 0755-0805, closed them from 1535- 1740, catching one of squirrel E's juveniles. She was surprisingly heavy, considering that these juveniles look small. I saw one Gray Squirrel, saw a couple squirrels (juveniles) run away from areas where chips came from. I noted an oak at midday, 2 in the evening. There were a few clouds over <5% of the sky most of the day. Wind was light. Temp. 53°F at 0600, 67°F at 1330, 57° at 1715. 8 Nov. I spent 0615-1215, 1355-1705 in the 12th study area, setting 15 traps from 0820-0845, closing them ~1515. I saw 3 chipmunks, 2 Gray Squirrels. I watched a nest oak in the morning, a former one in the evening. Sky hazy ~60% all day, up to ~80% in the late afternoon. Wind light. Temp. 51°F at 0610, 61°F at 1345, 58°F at 1730. a finishing 9 Nov. I spent 0625-1000 in the 1st study area, continuing the count of oaks cones. The sky was ~50% cloudy in the early morning, clear by 0900. Wind light. Temp. 60°F at 0620, mid. 60's at 1030 when I left.
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Koford, R. 1976 Tamiasciurus douglasii Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 21 Nov. I spent 0648-1035, 1325-1645 in the 2nd study area hearing few chirs, finding a new nest hole. I saw 6 Gray Squirrels, hearing one chipmunk. Almost all the leaves are off the oak, exposing the remaining involucres. The ground was wet in places - a storm went through a few days ago, with snow down to ~5000 ft. The wind was light, sky 30-80% cloudy in the morning, mostly clear in the afternoon. Temp. 46° at 0615, 60° at 1320, 51° at 1200. 22 Nov. I spent 0640-0915, 1130-1650 in the 2nd study area, going into Nevada City to arrange to put a trailer at White Cloud Station in the late morning. I saw one squirrel which showed no reaction to a Gray Squirrel a short distance away. At another time I went to where I'd heard a chirr on the ground, saw 2 Gray Squirrels. I saw 2 others, heard a chipmunk call. I found 4 Ponderosa pine cones from a previous year on the ground. They had had the scale tips removed and were not open. The couple seeds I checked were no good. Sky clear, wind up to ~20 mph in the morning, up to ~10 mph during the rest of the day. Temp. 47°F at 0630, 66°F at 1120, 59°F at 1710. 23 Nov. I spent 0638-1155, 1240-1600 in the 2nd study area, then left. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 48°F at 0630, 64°F at 1230. I saw 2 Gray Squirrels, heard a chipmunk.
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Koford, R. 1976 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co, Calif. 22 Dec. I arrived last night with my brother Erik. We stayed in the small trailer which CBK and I brought up last week, putting it in the upper loop of the campground. We spent 0750-1115, 1215-1645 in the 1st study area, setting 5 traps in the area of B5, C5 at 1230, closing them at 1530. We saw 1 chest, heard 2 others. Three juveniles were still together in a test oak. I saw squirrels E and G, and the one with the torn right ear, plus 2 marked juveniles. Chirring was infrequent. Some squirrels are in total winter pelage, some still have orange feet and a little orange on the skin. We saw 2 Grey Squirrels. The ground was wet, as if it might have rained recently. The last storm was on 17 Dec., and it dropped some rain and snow in the northern Sierras. I think that was the only storm since 23 Nov. The sky was hazy all day, a little lighter in the afternoon so some sun got through. Wind very light. Temp. reached the low 50's (7). 23 Dec. Erik and I spent 0713-1125, 1420-1447 in the 1st study area, then I took him into Grass Valley and put him on a bus. Then I spent 1607-1700 in the 1st study area. We set the 5 traps at 1115, closed them at 1425, when we caught one squirrel. Sky hazy in the morning, partly cloudy in the afternoon, clear by sunset. Wind light. Temp. 38'F at 0710, 48'F at 1300, 42'F at 1700.
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Koford, R. 1976 1977 Journal white cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by mt), Nevada Co., Calif. 24 Dec. I spent 0650 - 1315, 1350 - 1700 in the 1st study area, setting 5 traps at 1145 (1 nowed 3), closing them at 1530. I saw part of a couple chases. I also found a ? in an area in which we did used to live. I saw 3 juveniles come out of an oak in the morning. It was windy, up to -15 mph., from early morning to -1000, then light. Sky <5% cloudy all day, temp. 34°F at 0745, 49°F at 1345, 43°F at 1710. 25 Dec. I spent 0655 - 1115, 1140 - 1700 in the 1st study area, setting 5 traps at 1205, closing them at 1340. I watched a nest in the morning, but I'm not sure how many squirrels live there. I watched in the evening, too. The sky was -50% cloudy in the morning, -95% in the afternoon, clearing in the late afternoon. Wind light. Temp. 40°F at 0650, 50°F at 1135, probably higher than that in the afternoon, 45°F at 1710. 26 Dec. I spent 0658 - 0915 in the 1st study area, picked up the traps and left. 12 Feb. I spent 1123 - 1730 in the 1st study area, seeing 1 Gray Squirrel, finding one mushroom. There was a slightly hazy sky. Temp. at 1400 was 59°F. 13 Feb. I spent 0700 - 0750, 0815 - 1240 in the 1st study area, then left. The temp. was 54°F at 0800, probably in the mid-60's when I left.
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 29 March I spent 1535-1730 in the 1st study area, leaving it when it started snowing. It started snowing lightly at 1800. From the weather reports, a couple storms have dropped snow here since my last trip. The snow cover on the ground is less than 5%. 30 March I spent 0755-1250, 1305-1810 in the 1st study area. I may have found a new nest. At least 4 known squirrels have survived the winter. There was a lot of activity 5 of the study area - maybe getting ready for a mating bout tomorrow. One squirrel spent a lot of time in a hole in a &'s area and she tried to get at him. I saw one 0'-2 encounter. It sleeted for a few minutes at 1500, but the 2 squirrels I was watching at the time didn't go into hole. I heard 2 & chir. At least 1 squirrel was eating Douglas Fir strobili, which seems small. The early morning was clear, but later it was 80% cloudy or more. Wind was up to ~ 25 mph. Temp. was 36°F at 1815, and probably didn't get much above that. 31 March I spent 0630-1220, 1250-1820 in the 1st study area. It was windy, cold in the morning (26°F at 0630) but probably got up to ~ 55°F. 1 April I spent 0733-0825 in the 2nd study area, but didn't see anything, so spent 0840-1235, 1450-1830 in the 1st area, going into Nevada City for supplies in the early afternoon. I saw one squirrel apparently
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co, Cal. 1 April take a cone from another squirrel's cache. The sky was mostly lightly hazy until ~1600, when it got more heavily overcast, then cleared. Temp. 40°F at 0730, up to ~60°F. 2 April I spent 0550-1210, 1240-1830 in the 1st study area. The sun first hit the treetops at 0617, left them at 1827. It was a clear day, light wind. Temp. 35°F at 0550, about 60°F in the afternoon, 46°F at 1830. Saw 2 Gray Squirrels. 3 April I spent 0805-1108 in the 1st study area. It was mostly clear, some hazy clouds. Light wind. The cone I saw stored in the oak 13ft. 70°F is still there. Temp. 42°F at 0800. 7 April I spent 1700-1740 in the 1st study area, just to make sure no mating bout had taken place. The snow on the ground was essentially all gone. It was clear, wind to ~15 mph. 8 April I spent 0755-1231, 1242-1310, 1316-1810 in the 1st study area. There was a mating bout, but I didn't see any completed copulations. I found some tufts of hair near D3, where a chickaree had evidently been eaten. On my last trip, I'd found lots of hair on a log near H1. It was overcast, then some blue sky in the late morning, rain started in mid-afternoon, continued into the night.
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Koford, P. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 9 April I spent a few min. in the study area several times during the day to make sure that there was no mating bout. It had snowed last night (< 1 in.) and there was lots of dripping from the trees, making observations and note-taking difficult. I went into Nevada City for supplies late in the afternoon. By the end of the day, all the snow had melted. 10 April I spent 0813-1215, 1615-1825 in the 1st study area. Around midday, I saw a Gray Squirrel chase another on the ground for at least a min., covering an area ~ 50m x 20m. Later, I saw 2 Gray Sq. in the study area, and several chipmunks. Both the Douglas Fir and White Fir have visible strobili- I haven't yet seen the squirrels eating the White Fir ones. There are some ? Douglas Fir cones. I saw one small markroom, found a Gray Sq. tail in the study area. The sky was mostly clear - some hazy clouds in the early afternoon. Temp. reached 65° F at 1510, nor 52° F at 1830. Wind was light. 11 April I spent 0812-1210, 1610-1840 in the 1st study area. I saw 1 Gray Squirrel. One ? chirred at one ?, then had an encounter with another ?. At another point, I saw an encounter between neighboring ?. One ? got a cone that had been stored in a tree, then stored the rest in the tree. I found
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4308 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 11 April a couple fir cones that were sprouting - apparently the squirrels still ate them. The sky was clear except for a hazy cloud cover (>95%) in the morning, wind to ~10mph. Temp. 51°F at 0800, 68°F at 1500, 54°F at 1845. 12 April I spent 0800-1210, 1630-1830 in the 1st study area. I recorded some whines in the morning. I saw 2 females which were apparently lactating. In the evening, I found our O's nest, found the nest of a probable O. I had one observation of a low alarm note indicating a low degree of alarm. I saw an instance of cone 'stealing' - the sq. got caught. I saw a couple Gray Squirrels and Beechey Ground Squirrels, and some chipmunk. The wind was light. Sky clear except for ~10% cover at sunset. Temp 51°F at 0800, 72°F at 1400, 60°F at 1830. 13 April I spent 0527-1130, 1615 - 1845 in the 1st study area, seeing a couple of Gray Squirrels. I saw one encounter between a O and & that didn't seem friendly. The sky was overcast until ~0900, then ~50% clouds, wind to ~15mph, until the late afternoon, then clear. Temp 52°F at 0520, 62°F at 1615, 52°F at 1850. 14 April I spent 0540 - 0920 in the 1st study area. Sky clear, wind light. There seemed to be few chirps in the morning - perhaps because it's a little cool. Temp. 42°F at 0540, 60°F at 1000, when I left. 19 April I spent 1747 - 1850 in the 1st study area. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 56°F at 1900. On the way up I saw 4 road-killed Gray Squirrel. In the study area, I saw 1 Gray sq. and a chipmunk. It hasn't rained or snowed in the last few days, and has been warm in the bay area.
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Koford, F. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (6 mi.), Nevada Co., Calif. 20 April I spent 0607-1145 in the 2nd study area, 1640-1845 in the 1st. I saw a couple masked squirrels in the 2nd study area. Many of the oaks are leafing out. The strobili on the Douglas Firs look yellow - maybe open. Sky clear except for a haze in the west around sunset that obscured the sunlight. Wind fo -15mph. Temp. 75°F at 1400, 54° at 1850. 21 April I spent 0635-1135 in the 2nd study area, 1613-1745 in the 1st study area. There was a slight haze in the morning, then clear. Temp. 48°F at 0635, getting to 75° at 1200, 66°F at 1750. Wind light. 22 April I spent 0655-0855 in the 2nd study area, 1610-1910 in the 1st area. In the morning yesterday, I heard a ? chir in an encounter with a ?, one of the few times I've seen that, if I have. Temp. to 75° at 1400, 56°F at 1915. Sky clear, wind light. 23 April I spent 0610-1250, 1310-1830 in the 1st study area, seeing a mating bout with 4 recognizable individuals. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. up to 81°F at 1305, 64°F at 1840. 24 April I spent 0734-0822 in the 1st study area. Sky clear, Temp. 60°F at 0900, when I left. Today DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME started. 4 May I spent 0837-1150, 1224-1922 in the 1st study area, setting 14 traps from 1250-1330, closed them ~1800. I saw a piece of Ponderosa Pine twig that had evidently been chewed by a chipmunk. The morning was partly cloudy, clear by 1100, then cloudy again, clear by mid-afternoon. Wind light. Temp. 38°F at 0830, 57°F at 1400, 46° at 1925 (It wasn't dark yet).
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4500 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 5 May I spent 0708-0925 in the 1st study area taking the usual data, then 1830-2030 looking for sign in the snow. The day started with a very low overcast (like fog), then starting ~0900, sleet. There was some sun around midday, then more sleet and snow, stopping -1800. A couple times, lightning about a mile away caused static on my radio. I saw a Gray Sq. close to a chickaree from the trailer. Also, I saw a chickaree give a normal-sounding scurrying call, a few alarm notes with its mouth full of nest material. Wind to -20 mph at times. Temp. 37°F at 0705, 39° at 1500. The snow was ~5 days old. 6 May I spent 0930-1140 in the 2nd study area, 1210-1245 in the 1st area, looking for tracks and cone remnants. It had snowed last night, though it cleared up after sunset. The snow was up to 20 cm deep in some places, and large amounts were all over the trees. At 0830, when I first looked out, it wasn't snowing. At 0900 it was, lightly, but it stopped soon after that. I found several tracks that looked 'old'. These were undoubtedly made this morning, but filled in a little with subsequent light snow. There was a high overcast, some blue sky and sun starting at ~1030, resulting in the snow on the trees melting, making tracking very difficult by 1130. It snowed/det for a few min. at 1510, 1720, then continuously from -1830. The trees were almost clear then with bare ground under them. Wind light. Temp 41°F at 1500.
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 7 May I spent 0830 - 1030 in the 1st study area, tracking in the newly fallen snow and taking data on clin. locations of squirrels. By 0930 it was clear and sunny, 33°F. The trees were already dripping. By ~1000 it was cloudy and the dripping made it hard to work, so I left. 24 May I spent 1521 - 1915 in the 1st study area, again 1940 - 2000. I saw a small juvenile. Some Rocky Fir have her needles - some still have only buds. Purple stalks are on the Ponderosa Pines. The sky was partly cloudy, clear by 1800. Temp. 46°F at 2000. After I left on 7 May, it apparently snowed on and off for about 4 days, according to weather reports. From then until 23 May, it apparently rained on and off - rained here on 22 May, 23 May according to the guys at the station. The ground was wet. 25 May I spent 0820 - 1215, 1305 - 1940 in the 1st study area. Twice I saw females foraging close to each other on the ground. I saw juveniles from at least 2, probably 3, families, plus another near the trailer. Sq. E seems to be lectating. The sky was 80-100% cloudy all day. It got very windy (>25mph) at midday, calmer in the late afternoon. Temp. 45°F at 0820, 60° at 1300, 50°F at 1945 - the sun was still on the treetops then. 27 May Yesterday was overcast and it rained lightly much of the day - I didn't go into the study area. Today, I spent 0845-1235, 1400-1945 in the 1st study area. I think I saw 2 or chers - one involving tail-waving. The Ponderosa Pines are putting out "candles." Wind to ~NEgl. Sky ~30% clouds to late A.N., then clear. Temp. 64°F at 1400, 53°F at 1950.
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Koford, P. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 28 May I spent 0517 - 1210, 1540 - 1810 in the 1st study area. At 0607, the sunlight first hit the treetops here. I watches a nert in the morning - 5 juus. Wind light, sky clear. Temp. 43° F at 0515, 75° at 1535, 56° at 1950. 29 May I spent 0537 - 1015 in the 1st study area. I've noticed the green Douglas Fir conelots on the ground for the last few days - I don't know whether the squirrels cut them. sky clear, wind light. Temp. 45° F at 0530, 58° at 1100, when I left. 1 June I spent 1640-1920 in the 1st study area. Apparently Dr Lx led her litter. Sky clear, wind up to -15mph. Temp. 82° at 1635, 67° at 1940. I saw 2 Gray Sq. in the campground. 2 June I spent 0505 - 1311, 1540 - 1825 in the 1st study area, setting 20 traps in the W part of the study area at 0630 - 0720, closing them ~1800. I caught a juvenile ♀ and a scrotal ♂. I saw 2 Gray Sq., caught 2 Beechey Ground Squirrels, saw a ♂ chipmunk giving alarm squeaks -30. high in an oak. The sky was clear except for wispy clouds in the morning and a light overcast (shadows still visible) around midday. Wind light. Temp. 52° F at 0500, ~80° in the early afternoon, 62° at 2025. 3 June I spent 0445 - 1315, 1515 - 1805 in the 1st study area, setting the 20 traps by 0650, closing them ~1745, catching a ♀. I saw 2 Gray Squirrels, a couple chipmunks, and a Cooper's Hawk plucking a warbler-sized bird. Wind light. Sky clear in the morning, heavy overcast in the early afternoon. Temp. 56° F at 0440, 80° at 1510, 66° at 1945.
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 43 June I once heard a quiet chit from inside a stump - something I had previously heard in a captive squirrel. Twice I saw them give alarm calls in areas that were known to be other squirrels' territories. 4 June I spent 0455-0750, 0905-1310, 1550-1635, 1702-1910 in the 1st study area, going into Nevada City for dry ice in the morning. On the way back, I picked up a road-killed O about 200 m. W of Five Mile House, the bar/restaurant at the place the road to Scotts Flat Reservoir comes into highway 20. I don't remember seeing it on the way W, so it may have been a recent kill. Thinking it was, I preserved the stomach at about 0900, then put the skin up later. I caught a ? in a trap in the afternoon, and he ran out of the trap into the net bag, died a few sec. later. The trap seemed like it had been shaded pretty well - it had been a little over 3 hrs. since I last checked it, though, and it was hot today. When I skinned him, I noticed a foamy area in the area of the nasals. I've seen this before - I think it's from banging into the end of the trap. That could have caused some damage, too. I think it was one of the males that I've been able to recognize, even though he wasn't marked. The stomach of the road-killed squirrel was pretty big, weighed 8 gm. I watched a nest in the morning but the family had evidently moved. I found what I think was the nest that they moved to in the evening, along with a new family's nest. I also saw juveniles of 2 families
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Koford, P. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi E Nevada City (Lyd), Nevada Co, Calif. 4 June that have a nest in the same tree intersecting. The 20 traps were set by 0705, closed ~1750. I saw a couple Gray Squirrels, chipmunks, and caught a Beechey Ground Sq. wind light. There were a few high clouds in the early morning, then it was clear. Temp. 63°F, 89° F at 1545, 73° at 2000 5 June I spent 0615-1050 in the 1st study area. I set the traps by 0645, closed them ~1045. I caught one marked Ø, which I released, and a squirrel that I think was a ♂ in that trap, also I saw a scrotal Ø go halfway into the trap, apparently without eating the peanuts. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 62° F at 0610, 84° at 1730, when I left. 28 June I spent 1711-1847 in the 1st study area. As far as I know, it hasn't rained since my last trip. Temp. was 90°F at 1500, 78° F at 2000. Sky overcast, wind light I saw a family of Beechey Ground Squirrels, several chipmunks, and a Gray Sq. Also, Evening Grosbeaks are still around - they must be breeding here. I don't remember them from past years. I think I heard juvenile chirring. 29 June I spent 0732-1210, 1348-1948 in the 1st study area, setting 18 traps by 0815, closing them at 1835. I removed Beechey Ground Squirrels 5 times - a minimum of 2 individuals. I've seen the distal tips (~10cm long) of Ponderosa Pine branches cut - the needles
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Needly City (by rail), Nevada Co., Calif. 29 June are about 5 cc. long. Also, I've seen a very few Sugar Pine tips with strobili that have been cut - the ones on the trees seem to have released their pollen, probably recently. I saw a ? run after a ?, seemed to chase her. no tail moving. Sky clear most of the day, then ~50% cloudy in the late afternoon. Wind light. Temp. 71° F at 0730, 93° F at 1345, 79° F at 2000. 30 June I spent 0712-1200, 1350-1810, 1905-2030 in the 1st study area. The 18 traps were set by 0745, closed -1800. The sky was overcast in the morning, ~80% clouds by the early afternoon, down to ~50% clouds in the evening. Wind light. Temp. 70° F at 0705, 89° F at 1345, 78° F at 2030. 1 July I spent 0735-1210, 1335-1650, 1900-2018 in the 1st study area. The 18 traps were opened by 0805, closed -1630. I caught 2 Beechy Ground Squirrels, and a Junco. In the evening, I saw PC go toward the rotting log - probably her kit nest is there. The sky was ~20% cloudy in the early morning, ~5% in the early afternoon, completely overcast by 1600, and it started getting windy - up to ~20mph. A few raindrops fell, off and on, from 1120 on, and I could hear thunder once in a while. Temp. 68° F at 0730, 87° F at 1730. 2 July I spent 0720-1215 in the 1st study area. The cloud cover was ~95% all morning. The traps were open by 0745, closed -1200. Temp. 66° F at 0720, 80° F at 1400, when I left.
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Koford, R 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 8700 ft, 11 mile E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co, Calif. 5 July I spent 1840-2025 in the 1st study area, found 1 lost at night. The sky was clear, wind light. Temp. 78°F at 1600, 63° at 2030. 6 July I spent 0539-1330, 1420-1455, 1630-1655, and a few min. at about 1830 (to close the traps) in the 1st study area. I opened 33 traps by 0835, closed them ~1830, catching a chickaree, 2 tiny Beechey Ground Squirrels, and a moribund ♀ Beechey. She was found at ~1045 in the morning, cold but still breathing, with fly egg cases around the eyes, throat, and anus. Perhaps I'd missed closing this trap on 2 July. She died later and I put up the skin, after removing hundreds of egg cases. She had extensive mammary glands but I couldn't squeeze any milk from the nipples. I saw a Gray Squirrel in the study area, and several chipmunks. The sun first hit the treetops at 0604. Wind light, sky clear. Temp. 58°F at 0535, 80° at 1700, 70° at 2000. 7 July I spent 0533-1310, 1427-1850, 1955-2025 in the 1st study area, opening 33 traps by 0740, closing them ~1830. I caught 1 chickaree, 2 tiny Beechey Ground Squirrel, and 2 chipmunks (same trap, same time). I saw 1 Gray Squirrel. I saw a vigorous chase of a juncos. Sky clear, wind to -10mph. Temp. 68°F at 0530, 85° at 1425, 70° at 2030.
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Koford, R 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 8 July I spent 0658-0930, 1000-1130 in the 1st study area, plus a few minutes at about 1215 to release a squirrel from the box. I set 20 traps by 0730, closed them ~1030. I also set 12 in the campground (the closed part) to try to get a juvenile. I got a ♀ in summer pelage with small nipples (though parous) that had a few white hairs at fl (not visible from a distance) on the body, and a torn right ear. I released her in the study area. I caught a ♂ with small testes - perhaps the one that chirps at a high pitch. The sky was clear, wind to ~10 mph, temp. 63°F at 0655, 82° at 1230. I both 12 July I spent 0920-1301, 1500-2035 in the 1st study area. I set 15 traps by 1000, closed them ~1820, catching a masked chipmunk, 4 Beechey Ground Squirrels (2 small juveniles). I found a new nest at noon, and saw a head (not DF) poking out of DF's nest hole. I also found several ponderosa pine cones - large cones, and a half-eaten Sugar Pine cone - the seed seen as big as a nutmeg cone. I also found a couple Douglas Fir cones. Sq. E seems to have lost 2 of her offspring (at least). I found .22 shells on the road ~15' from the nest tree. I saw a couple chipmunks and a Gray Squirrel. It was windy, up to ~15 mph, all day. Sky 20% to 40% cloudy until mid-afternoon, then last light clear. Temp. 76°F at 0915, 92° at 1500, 74° at 2030 at 2028.
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Roford, R. 1977 Journal White cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co, Calif. 18 July I spent 0515-1315, 1830-2050 in the 1st study area, opening 15 traps by 0625, closing them from 1025-1110. I caught 1 unmarked squirrel, 1 chipmunk, and a Beecroft Ground Squirrel. The light first hit the treetops at 0612. I saw a Gray Sg eat a Ponderosa Pine cone. It was -1/4 eaten, down to the central cone in place. Quite a few Ponderosa Pine cones have been eaten. I saw 2 Sugar Pine cones that had been cut near D1. Sky clear, windy most of the day, -15mph at the max. Temp, 66°F at 0515, 88° at 1500, 72° at 2100. The me-nest apparently has 3 jays, while sg & seem to have 2. 19 July I spent 0515-1245, 1820-1820 in the 1st study area, catching one chickaree, 2 chipmunks, 5 Beecroft Ground squirrels (8 jaws) The 15 traps were set by 0725, closed -1815. Sg E went to her nest in the early afternoon. The sky was clear in the morning, then high clouds covered <1% of the sky at midday, increasing to ~30% in the afternoon - still high and fleecy. Wind to -15mph, especially in the afternoon. Temp. 66°F at 0515, 82° at 1415, 73° at 2000. 20 July I spent 0205-1235, 1250-1353, 16045-2038 in the 1st study area. The 15 traps were set by 0735, closed -1225. Sg E went into her nest in the early afternoon. Near sunset, attracted by an alarm call and several squawking jays, I found a coyote. There were some isolated, small clouds in the late afternoon, otherwise clear. Wind light. Temp. 62°F at 0700, 84° at 1900, 74° at 2025.
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4700 ft., 11 mi. E Necedan City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 21 July I spent 0520-0915 in the 1st study area, but didn't take notes on chirs. I followed a F much of the morning, then made some recording. I saw 3 chesties. The F I followed evidently lived in the campground, but had her nest tree in the study area. 27 July I spent ~1.5 hrs. in the 1st study area, watched a nest oak. I think the jaws have been moved. No chirring data taken. It was clear, wind light. Temp. 87° at 1430, 79°-1200. 28 July I spent 0520-1050, 1107-1730 in the 1st study area, watching sq. E's jaws. In the morning and the afternoon. The 20 traps were set by 0750, 17 closed from 1115-1130, the other 3 at 1730. I caught sq. E, 2 adult, and 2 juv. Beechey Ground Squirrels. I saw 2 Gray Squirrel and a couple chipmunks. The light first hit the treetops at 0617. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 66° F at 0515, 88° at 1500, ~80° at 2000. 29 July I spent 0745-1235, 1737-2030 in the 1st study area. 20 traps set by 0820, 16 closed ~1230, 4 - 1750. I saw a Gray Sq. bury something. I caught 4 juv. Beechey Ground squirrels simultaneously, took 8 out of the traps altogether (some probably repeats). I also released chipmunks 3 times. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 68° F at 0740, 91° at 1400, 77° at 2040. 30 July I spent 0525-0710 in the 1st study area, watching a nest in the morning. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 70° F at 0520. DF was still spending the nights with her offspring.
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Loford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground 4300 ft. 11 mi. E Nevada City (by red), Nevada Co., Calif. 2 Aug. I spent 1751-2025 in the 1st study area, watching sq. C go to his nest in the evening. Cloud cover was <17, but there were clouds on the western horizon, making the light leave the treetops early. Temp 93° at 1500, 79° at 2025. 3 Aug. I spent 0623-1137, 1825-2025 in the 1st study area. I found a new nest, and E's just seemed to have moved back to the old nest. I set 20 traps by 0700, closed them ~1830. I removed 4 chipmunks, juvenile Beechey Ground Squirrels 6 times (once with 2 sq. in the same trap). I caught 2 chickarees. I saw 2 Gray Squirrels, a couple chipmunks, and a Cooper's Hawk flew from an area where a sq. gave an alarm call. There was a light haze in the sky all day - especially in the E in the morning. Wind light. Temp. 72° F at 0620, 91° at 1500, 77° at 2030. 4 Aug. I spent 0733-1210, 1835-2030 in the 1st study area, plus some time in the afternoon just to check traps: 20 traps set by 0820, closed ~1845. I removed juvenile Beechey Ground Squirrels twice, chipmunks 4 times. I saw Gray Squirrels twice. I watched DF's oak in the evening. Sky hazy in the early morning, clear by mid-morning. Wind light. Temp. 71° at 0730, 88° at 1400, 74° at 2030. 5 Aug. I spent 0658-1220, 1245-1636 in the 1st study area, plus a few min. in the evening to watch DF's oak. 20 traps set by 0805, closed ~1800.
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Moford, N. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 5 Aug. I removed juvenile Beechey Ground Squirrels from traps 11 times, chipmunks 4 times. I saw a chase involving chickaree; also 2 of 4 Gray Squirrel seen were part of a chase. I saw DF go into her nest in the evening, out in the early afternoon. I also saw her young chir at a jun. I found a squirrel dead on the road on Hwy 20 at the turnoff to the Worlington Youth Conservation Corps, at 4000 ft. The skull was crushed, the skin torn badly, but I saved the teeth and eyes--though I'm not sure they still had the lenses. It was a lactating f - one uterine horn had 2 scars, 2 cl -- I couldn't find the other. I saw another lactating f near the road-kill. There was a heavy haze in the east in the morning, completely overcast by midday. Wind light. Temp: 66 at 0655, 79 at 1245, low 70's at 2000. 6 Aug. I spent 0658 - 1345 in the 1st study area. I set the 20 traps by 0740, closed them -- 1330. I caught one of DF's juveniles, removed juvenile ground squirrels 8 times, chipmunks 7 times. I saw a back-and-forth chase, a Gray Squirrel chased a chickaree, I saw DF move her jnu.s. around midday. Wind light. Clouds --90%. In the early morning, then completely overcast. Temp. 64 F at 0655, 78 at 1400. Judging by the past few days, it seems that the jun. B and the jun. with the cartop near T2 are gone.
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Koford, 16 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi. E Nevada City (by car), Nevada Co., Calif. 16 Aug. I arrived in the evening, watched a nest of recently weaned juvenes. I spent the last few days in the Insitute Meadows area of Yocemite National Park. Squirrel density there seemed very low - less than 1/ha. I only heard about 5 chirps on an average day. Mostly Lodgepoles - not a good cone year, but I found several old pecked areas, a few newly eaten cones. At one elevation, Red Firs, Sugar Pines, and Ponderosa Pines all seemed to be having good cone crops. Here, sky clean except for a heavy haze low in the west, making the light disappear prematurely from the treetops. Wind light, temp. 74°F at 2030. I saw a sq. carrying nest material. 17 Aug. I spent 0555 - 1225, 1550 - 1905, 1920 - 2015 in the 1st study area, watching a nest in the morning, a former nest in the evening. 6 traps were set by 0725, closed ~1815. I removed chipmunks 6 times. I saw a sq. carrying nest material to its hole, saw a chase with buzzing, heard another. I clickerace ignored a Gray Sq, another chased one. I saw 4 Gray Squirrels, 2 in the study area, 2 in the campground. I also saw several chipmunks. Wind light, skys - 97% cloudy in the early morning, overcast by midmorning and it remained so for the rest of the day. Apparently it rained in southern Calh. Temp. 72° at 0550, 80° at 1400, 70° at 2020. 18 Aug. I spent 0640 - 1303, 1445 - 1715 in the 1st study area, plus a while in the evening looking for sq. E's juvenes. I opened 6 traps by 0700, 5 more by mid-morning. One of these
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (Byrd), Nevada Co., Calif. 18 Aug. was baited with a Sugar Pine cone, and soon caught the squirrel. I didn't reset that trap. Five were closed ~1100, the other - 1800. I removed chipmunks 7 times. I saw 3 Gray Sq., one chased by a chickaree - it may have started over a Sugar Pine cone. I saw and heard chases between chickarees, heard grating whines and a whine without the grating sound. I cleared 5 quadrats of holes. Wind light, sky - 90% covered with light clouds in the early morning, then clear. Temp. 63° at 0635, 81° at 1430, about 70° at 2000. 19 Aug. I spent 0550-1130, 1155-1510 in the 1st study area, plus a while in the evening in the area of CS. 13 traps were set by 0715, closed -1745, catching a marker sq., removing chipmunks 5 times, catching an adult & Beechey ground squirrel. I saw 3 Gray squirrels. There were scattered clouds (<1%) in the early morning, then clear, cloudy in the evening (80% by sunset), Wind light. Temp. 68° at 0545, 84° at 1500, 73° at 2000. 20 Aug. I spent 0610-0935 in the 1st study area. 13 traps were set by 0710, closed them at -1015. I removed chipmunks 3 times. I saw 2 Gray squirrels in the study area, 4 in the campground, all in and around a Sugar pine. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 67° at 0605. 24 Aug. I checked a nest tree in the evening. It rained yesterday in northern Calif. - no here. Wind to -10mph. Cloud cover -50%, low clouds. Temp. 62° at 2000.
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Koford, R 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi E Nevada City (by xpt), Nevada Co, Calif. 25 Aug. I spent 0700 - 0920 in the 2nd study area, 0930 - 1225 in the 1st study area. The 2nd area had very few eaten cones on the ground. One Sugar Pine had a few cores under it, and a single Ponderosa Pine core under another tree. I saw one Gray Sq. in the 2nd study area, one chase in the 1st study area. Wind light. Sky overcast in the morning - a few sun rays around midday, then overcast again. There were light sprinkles a few times starting at ~ 0930, then almost constantly after 1800. 26 Aug. It rained much of the night - the radio said 1/4" fell at Blue Canyon. I spent 0750 - 1110 in the 1st study area, 1140 - 1950 in the 2nd study area. Water dripped from the trees throughout the morning. I saw one Gray Sq., heard another. There was a low mist in the early morning, then ~60% cover for most of the day, ~10% by 1730, clear by 1950. Temp. 55° at 0745, 70° at 1800, 58° at 2000. 27 Aug. I spent 0720 - 0945 in the 2nd study area. Sky clear. Wind light. Temp. 58° at 0715. 30 Aug. I spent 1830 - 1955 in the 1st study area, seeing a new 9 and finding her nest, finding a new nest for a marked 9. Wind very light, sky clear. Temp. 82° at 1630, 72° at 2000. 31 Aug. I spent 0640 - 1310, 1850 - 1955 in the 1st study area, plus a complete trip to check and close the traps. 8 traps were set b, 0718, closed - 1730. I removed chipmunks 8 times, caught an adult Breckley Ground Sq. I saw 1 Gray Sq. - it had hair missing
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd.), Nevada Co., Calif. 31 Aug. from the leg - presumably mange. I heard one Sg. give a scurrying call in between cluck notes without running during it. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 66° at 0630, 82° at 1500, 69° at 2000. 1 Sept. I spent 0605-1220, 1812-1945 in the 1st study area, plus a couple times in the afternoon to check the traps. I also went into Nevada City for dry ice and supplies. 11 traps were set by 0745, closed then -1815. I caught a marked chickaree, an adult Beechey Ground Sg., removed chipmunks 10 times. I saw 2 examples of squirrels not being dominant on their own territories. Sky clear, wind to-10mph. Temp. 61° at 0600, about 80° in the afternoon, 67° at 2000. 2 Sept. I spent 0602-1215, 1743-1840 in the 1st study area I set 9 traps by 0815, closed them ~1250. I caught an unmarked Sg., but she died as I was working her - probably from an overdose of the anesthetic. She had been caught in a trap baited with a Sugar Pine cone from which the scale tips had been removed, exposing the seeds. She ate many of the seeds while in the trap, as her stomach was large, weighed 20 gr. I put her up (E74) in the afternoon. I removed chipmunks from the traps 7 times. I saw Gray Squirrel 6 times - one close, another in the campground. One other one fed on an Incense Cedar. I also saw a chipmunk feeding on an Incense Cedar. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 61° at 0600, 83° at 1400, 68° at 1845.
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co., Calif. 3 Sept. I spent 0625-0715 in the 1st study area, then a while longer without recording chirring calls, making recordings and working on a job. I'd caught. I set 6 traps by 0715, closed them at ~0900. I caught 1 chickaree, removed chipmunks 3 times. I saw 5 Gray Squirrel. Temp. 60° at 0620, 78° at 1200. Sky clear, wind light. 6) Sept. I spent 1827-1945 in the 1st study area, found a new family - young prob. not leaving the eagle yet. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 83° at 1700, 76° at 1950. 7 Sept. I spent 0740-1210, 1555-1850 in the 1st study area. I set 6 traps by 0715, closed them ~1800. I caught 1 squirrel, removed chipmunks 6 times. I saw 1 Gray Sq. I spent most of the day counting cones. Sky clear, wind light, but occasionally up to ~15mph. Temp. 65° at 0715, 88° at 1400, 66° at 1850. The cones of the ponderosa pine are much smaller this year, judging by the cores. 8 Sept. I spent 0655-1210, 1600-1806 in the 1st study area. Set 6 traps by 0710, closed them ~1745, removing chipmunks 8 times, an adult Beechey Ground Sq. once. I saw 1 Gray Sq. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 67° at 0650, 89° at 1400, 76° at 1745. I spent a while in the evening in the area of 114, but didn't take chirring call data. I continued the cone catalogue. 9 Sept. I spent 0714-1200 in the 1st study area, set 6 traps by 0755, closed them ~1115, taking chipmunks out 2 times. I saw 3 Gray Sq. I finished the cone catalogue. Sky clear, wind light. Temp. 67° at 0710, 86° at 1300, when I left.
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Koford, R. 1977 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft, 11 mi E Nevada City (by rd), Nevada Co. Calif. 14 Sept. I spent 0745-1210, 1805-1925 in the 1st study area, seeing a couple chasers. I saw Gray Squirrels 9 times - once one chased another. The sky was -20% covered with lazy clouds in the morning, -10% rest of the afternoon. Wind to -15mph. Temp. 59° at 0740, 69° at 1430, 57° at 1930, 15 Sept. I spent 0800-1230, 1330-1650 in the 1st study area, seeing a chickaree chase. I saw Gray Squirrels 4 times, seeing 1 chase another. There was a low overcast in the morning, to below the treetops - higher in the afternoon. Light sprinkle of rain at about 1200, more at about 2000. I left and it kept raining in the area a few miles W of the campground. According to the weather reports, the next couple days will be rainy. Wind light. Temp. 47° at 0800, 51° at 1330, 49° at 1900. 12 mi N, 14 mi E Chilcoot, 5100 ft, Placer Co, Calif. 9 Oct. As a teaching assistant for Zoo 163, I came with the class to this area yesterday afternoon. We stayed at Sagehen Field Station, a few miles N of Truckee, Calif., getting there by Hwy 80 from Berkeley, then going N on Hwy 89 at Truckee. To get to this area, we took Hwy 89 N to Sierraville, then Hwy 49 E to Chilcoot. Only one paved road went N out of Chilcoot. We took it, then turned off onto a dirt road 1.2 mi N of Chilcoot, going E on it. I set traps 0.25 mi. E of the paved road after letting some students off about 1 mi.
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Kord, R. 1977 Journal 1.2 mi N, 0.25 mi E Chilcoot, 5100 ft, Placer Co, Calif. 9 Oct farther up the road. I set 40 new large folding Sherman in a grid 100m x 250m, traps being about 25 m apart, just S of the road. N of the road, 60 more in a 125 m x 250m grid. All were baited with rolled oats, set about 1700. The tension of the treadles was adjusted to be very sensitive. The soil was loose and sandy, with some dry grass. The higher vegetation was about 70% Artemisia sagesbrush ~30% Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus. Somewhat N of the area, about half of the bushes were C. nauseosus, with bright yellow flowers. In general, the bushes were 2-3 m apart. The sky was clear at night, temp. probably down to about 20° F. I checked the traps from about 0730 to 0900, picking them up. About half the animals had died in the traps, and I gave the bodies to the students to put up. I released the live animals after showing some representative species to the students. I caught 5 Dipodomys ordii, 6 D. panamintinus, 6 Perognathus parvus, 2 Microdipodops megacephalus, 7 Peromyscus maniculatus. Jim Patton had set 100 traps less than 1/2 mile away and he caught a couple dozen Microdipodops. I didn't look carefully at that area, but it was somewhat higher, perhaps a little less of a slope than the place I set mine. It's interesting what a difference a small distance can make.
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Koford, R. 1977 1978 Journal White Cloud campground, 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (6, M) Nevada Co, Calif. Oct. 14 I arrived in the afternoon, able only to spend a short time here. I spent the late afternoon in the 1st study area, watching one nest tree and trying some play-back experiments. The temp. was 73° F at 1500 , ~ 30% cloud cover. The sky cleared after sunset. Oct. 15 I spent a couple hours in the 1st study area, mainly counting the cones left on the Sugar Pines and counting fungus-digging holes. I did try some playbacks, though. Temp. 64° F at 0730 , ~ 40% cloud cover. Light wind. Feb. 19 I just stopped by the study area for a couple hours to look for signs. I saw no squirrels. At least 100 feet were ~1/2. 5 of the oak 13, 70° F ?, on the snow. Also, there were a couple dozen Sugar Pine seeds dug up nearby. At the cache area near H-1 , there was a tunnel through the snow going under the log. Also, a freshly eaten Ponderosa Pine cone. There were very few tracks. Some were near E5, some E of A5, some near F3, some near the oak 18, 220° A1, along with some digging. There was lots of Incense Cedar debris around. I saw a scrful Gray Squirrel feeding near C4 and another scrful one feeding on Incense Cedar near H4. I heard no chirring calls.
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Koford, 1978 Journal White Cloud campground 4300 ft., 11 mi. E Nevada City (by rd) Nevada Co., Calif. 29 March I spent 0630-1230, 1615-1815 in the 1st study area. Daylight savings time has not yet started. The sun first hit the tree tops at about 0640. The ground was damp from either rain or recently melted snow. I saw Douglas Fir tips near F2, J-2, D4, G3, A1. Not many were on the ground. New shoot growth was occurring on the Douglas Firs and gusts of wind cause Douglas Fir pollen to fly. In the morning there were light clouds over 80% of the sky. In the afternoon it was overcast. The high temperature of the day was about 60°F, the low about 40°F. 30 March I spent 0645-0930 in the first study area, along with my brother Erik. There was a light rain last night. The sky was generally overcast, with some blue showing through. Yesterday I had covered some holes in the log near H-1 with needles - they were still there today.
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MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY REPRINT LIBRARY
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