Acorn woodpecker species accounts, v 4455

Mumme, Ronald L., 1954-

1981

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

Original Source

Source Material:
Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

Acorn woodpecker Acorn woodpecker--Behavior--California Hastings Natural History Reservation (Calif.)

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432 Pages

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R. L. Mumme 1981 Hastings Reservation Journal & Species accounts

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1981 Ronald L. Munne Journal Mono Lake, Mono County CA 1 Jan Started the New Year by climbing Granite Mnt with D. Winkler, B. McCaffery, D. [illegible] Taylor, C. Teare, and Emily (?), of the Mono Lake Committee. A very nice walk. Went to Mammoth in the evening for a Pizza dinner and "The Empire Strikes Back." 2 Jan Returned to Berkeley with Dave & Brian, dessert with Cindy, 3-5 Jan Berkeley, Paul Sherman in town, etc. 6 Jan Returned to Hastings with Walter just after dark Hastings Reservation, Monterey County CA 7 Jan Watched some at Rd 3 x Finch after washing clothes and getting organized in the morning. 8 Jan Watched at Low Hay in the AM, Natalie Demong here in the lunchtime. Road 1 in late afternoon, roosting there, too. 9 Jan Acorn weighing + poor watch at Buckeye. Nancy arrives today. Roosting at CA2, and a movie at the Carmel Valley Library "Le Petit Theatre de Jean Renoir" 10 Jan Fooled around at Blomone & Gazebo, weighed acorns, looked for thrushes on School Hill, roosting at School Hill 11 Jan Ran the mist nets for thrushes in the AM, Weighed acorns, Baked a cake. dessert in the cabin with Nancy, the Griffins, 12 Jan Did the SHill winter bird census with Walter, excellent watches at Finch, Rd 1, Gate, + WGate, a great deer kill in Square Nail Flat, weighed bugs. 13 Jan SHill plot census, watched at 1800, weighed acorns, a short run, (deer kill totally devoured & moved!), worked on Jostetal with Nancy,

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1981 R.C. Mumme Journal Hastings Reservation 14-20 Jan Berkeley: Study list, candidacy, Electrophoresis's triumph with the Plague birds, Census stuff with Pete, Good Old Persons at Freight + Salvage, Lunch with Frank regarding Bill Carmen. Return to Hastings 20 Jan, help Walter with ladders, good dinner with Nancy, checked Pitfall traps. 21 Jan Watched a bit at Hay-Blow, weighed acorns, set ambush at School Hill. 22 Jan Successful ambush at SHill, getting the blood of 886, An Orange-crowned warbler by the Griffing, then R4TN! A nice rain, starting about 1100 and continuing through the night. I analysed acorn data. Dinner at Red House with Walter, John + Steve. 23 Jan An off+on rainy day. I snuck a quick watch at Plague, talked with Walter about the Q paper. "Here comes Mr. Jordan" at the Carmel Valley Library with Walter + Pam. 24 Jan Partly Cloudy, cool, windy, light rain in the evening. Rex Merrill Steve Ruzin show up to take Gwiz's stuff away in the afternoon. Nice dinner + chat with them. Earlier I watched at 1500. 25 Jan Beautiful clear day. Censused the School Hill plot, watched the School Hill woodpeckers, went for a little run. 26 Jan Cloudy windy, misty all day. I waste a lot of the day pounding around ARP and Warp 5, not getting a look at any woodpeckers. "1941" at the Thardy's, a pretty funny movie. 27 Jan Hard rain all day. I hardly set foot outside

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1981 R.L. Mumme Journal Hastings Reservation- (27 Jan) the cabin all day. Nancy returns from Taff Mountain View-Berkeley. We watch it rain, I work some on Joste et al, fill out tax returns, etc. 28 Jan. Cabin fever. The rain lets up enough for me to fool around trying to quantify the madrone ad toyon crop on School Hill. Then more rain. A good 5-mile run with Marcela 29 Jan Rain all day, pretty much. Walter ad Edit the Arnold Road in the afternoon, Walter comes over for dinner, I talk with Cindy on the phone. A few snow flakes on the Arnold, but just rain down here 30 Jan A bit of snow here early in the Am, a fair amount on the Arnold, PO hill, upper Buckeye-Palo Escrito, ad lots on Chews Ridge. Big date with Nancy (dinner at wills), Hastings "old days" movies. 31 Jan A clear day, believe it or not. I wash clothes, do a census on School Hill, do bugs, read 9 paper, get ready for Berkeley. 1 Feb Berkeley, David Crisman, etc 5 Feb Return From Berkeley. Dinner at Rod House with Walter, 6 Feb Spend all day wandering around on the Arnold. Dinner at the Harays. Bill carman arrives for weekend. Movie, "Ulysses" at the CU library. 7 Feb Another day on the arnold, and I find a new group. Roasting at Road 1. 8 Feb Wet or windy all day, I collect bugs, and that's it. 9 Feb Nancy returns today. John Eurlin here visiting. dessert at the Davis. I do some toyon-madrone censusing.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Journal Hastings Reservation 10 Feb Walter + I stroll around with John Enlen early, then I do a census on School Hill, and a watch at Lower Haystack. A 6-mile run with Nancy. Warm, very spring-like day. Lots of moths of some kind flying through the oak wood/ly. 11 Feb Cloudier, but still warm. I watch at Rd 3, 1800, bake cookies + dinner, and a 5-mile run with Nancy. Nice after-dinner conversation. 12 Feb I do a census on School Hill, then go up to the Arnold, for unsuccessful day watches at SOBO + BO, but successful roostings at SOBO and LA2 13 Feb Windy, cloudy, a trace of rain in the AM. I work on Joste tal with Nancy, clean up, change mandolin strings, go shopping with Nancy. Return, go for a run (5 miles), find out that Kurt, Stan + tal are not coming for a visit this weekend. Bummer. JoAnne up for dinner 14 Feb Not much today. A poor watch at Road 1. Worked on Joste et al. Progressive dinner in the evening 15 Feb More work on Joste et al. At lunching w/ [illegible] dining at [illegible] Run part way up Arnold 16 Feb Partially successful ambushes set at LA2 SOBO, in the afternoon. I picked up bags early. Joste tal some more 17 Feb Partial ambush success at LA2, Walter + I patch up Westgate grassy. Trip into town for CNPS 18 Feb Wash, try to fix bins, Nancy leaves for Berkeley. Ambush SOBO 19 Feb Long ambush at SOBO, 3 birds. nap, poor watch at Finch. Prep for leaving for Berkeley.

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1981 R.C. Munne Journal Hastings Reservation 20-25 Feb: Berkeley, Peter Wase, Treasure of Sierra Madre, Gene Flow. 26 Feb Return to Hastings around noon, nine mile run with Nancy. 27 Feb Nice day, but I work on Concord fallacy all day. Dinner at Barkhouse with Joanne, Nancy, the Pattons. Griffins added for desert at the cabin. 28 Feb Rainy day. I futz around. Good date with Nancy to Italian Restaurant in Village. Lots of fun. 29 March Another rainy day. I work on Joste et al., with Nancy, a lethargic 5-mile run, 2 March No rain, but cloudy, but productive. Good watches at Blomone + Gazebo, plus a Golden Eagle eating an Arctic Loon, and a prairie Falcon over by the ponds. Pitfall City 3 March Gray & cold & cloudy. I work on Joste et al., run up Martin Rd with Joanne, Nancy, Walter. Fun Mardi Gras party at the Cabin, the a pitfall check 4 March Hard rain all day. Nancy leaves for Berkeley, I get a lot of typing done on Joste et al. 5 March Clearing, but very cold. Work some more on Joste et al., chop wood, goof off, etc. Talked to Laurie this evening. 6 March Good watch up on School Hill, first Violet Green Swallow up there, plus White-throated Swifts. Joste et al., a.a a great movie, Holiday, at the library. 7 March Joste et al, good watches at Hay-Blant 1500. Dessert at the Griffins 8 March Nancy returns. Good watches at Wuter Gate

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1981 R.L. Munne 6 Journal Hastings Reservation 9 March Good watches at Finch + Rd. I. Walter gets news he's in at Occidental! Cheesecake + keish celebration at the cabin. Nancy + I camp out at Paradise garden. 10 March Wash clothes, work on Joste et al all day. Cheesecake + champagne at Bunkhouse, Marsh Hawk on Red Hill in the afternoon. 11-14 March Berkeley, Davis, Jeram Brown, etc. Return to Berkeley (300 14 March, 10-mile run to the pass with Nancy. 15 March Picked up bags, fooled around a bit, then rain in the afternoon, 16 March A poor watch at Road 3, interrupted by heavy equipment working on the road. Grocery shopping with JoAnne or Nancy in the afternoon. 17 March Pretty good watches at Low Hay and 1800. 18 March Poor weather, I futz around in the lab Chin syndrome at the Hardys 19 March " " " " " " " " " Movie 20 March " " " " " " " " " walk up Cry the beloved Country at the library. Red It till 21 March Nancy returns late. More futz ing in the lab 22 March Lab work, Walter + I put up Fake nest hole at Rd. 1. Jane Baxter or Anne Joste here visiting Nancy. 23 March Nice day. I watch at Buckeye, dinner in the cabin with Nancy + friends, 24 March A very quick watch at Plaque in the morning, then lab work as it clouded up in the afternoon. 25 March Semi-rainy. Lab work, then a trip into town with

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1981 R.L. Mumme Journal Hastings Reservation (25 march) Nancy in the afternoon to get boots fixed, see rails. Crespi pond provides soras (lots) but no Virginia rails. The dinner with Joanne, Pam & Walter at Fernands (French restaurant) in the Village. 26 march Hard nasty rain almost all day. More demography work in the lab. Run up martin Rd with Joanne, Nancy & Walter. 27 march Clear, but cool + breezy. Demography work in the a.m. + p.m., then "goodbye Nancy" party at the ltardy's, 28 march Nancy leaves today, but not until after I hear the first oriole down by the labs. Also House Wren. Watch at Road 3 + Finch. Astroll over to gazebo, I climb up to the "new" nest hole at Rd 1 to patch it up, secure it better 29 march Leave for Berkeley about noon, after a quick walk or 1500 + 1800, and a bogus "Black-tailed Gnatcatcher" (just a weird Blue-gray) down by the pump. 30-31 Berkeley, return to Hastings late 31 march. 1 April Like a Fool, I try to watch at Rd 1 in the rain, then move on to Road 3 2 April A bit more successful watch at Rd 1 + Rd 3 again, a good watch at Plague 3/April False egg introduction + boring watch at Rd 3, good watch at S/Still, ambush set at Finch. Dessert at Griffins. 4 April A good day. Take down the ambush at Finch, find Eataggy gone from Road 3, good watch at 1500, Low Hay (start of revolution!) and Gazebo. 5 April Ok watch at Plague, then good revolution watch at Low Hay, despite hellish experience with mistnets. Rd 3 next check. Bags.

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1981 R.C. Munne Journal Hastings Reservation 6 April Good watches at Rd 1 and Rd 3, Then an OK photo session and good revolution watch at Lower Haystack. 7 April Excellent revolution action at Low Hay, then a drive up to the Arnold, poking around at Black Oak, LA2, Bianca, SOBO. 8 April One last watch at Low Hay, a short watch at Rd 3, Mary Peacock a trip into town, Frank arrives today, dinner at Red House 9 April Quick watch at Road 1, conference with Frank, nest check at Rd 3, watch at Plaque. Dinner at Wills. 10 April Another Plaque watch, nest check at Rd 3 and a quick watch at Gate with Mary Peacock. 11 April Steve Emlen + Natalia Deno-g arrive, Frank leaves, I watch at Rd 3, walk with Walter + the Emlens, nest at 1500 + 1800, Show Mary School Hill. Byron Wilson arrived today. Nice dinner at Red House with the Emlens, 12 April Early watch at Plaque, then Rd 1 + gate. Help Byron a bit, show Byron + mural Haystack, 1800, 1500. Walter opens hole at Gate, Checks nest at Rd 3 + Plaque after Byron reports seeing a Quicker carrying an eggshell. 13 April I watch early at Plaque, the Road 3, the Gate. Then nest checks at Rd 3, Rd 1. 14 April Exciting day at Plaque, although the details unclear, I also check up on Rd 1, Show Mary 1500, Fix the nest at Plaque, watch there. 15 April More Plague business. A quick watch at Low Hay Plague added a new twist, 2 separate nests (!)

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1981 R.L. Mumme Journal Hastings Reservation 16 April Watched at Plaque early for egg-laying. Tried a watch at Rd 1 without much success, but I did replace the string that fell from the nest limb (for rope ladder). Checked nests at Rd 3 and Gate, watched roosting at Plague. 17 April Another early morning Plaque watch, then a quick watch at Rd 1 revealed a second nest (52, 9269) in the making. I climb up to that nest (quite a chore) open the hole (easy) find no eggs, (simple), then try to put the hole back together (not easy). Nest check at Rd 3, (roosting at Rd 3 also), Then a great party in "The Antler Room", hosted by Byron. 18 April A memorable day. Egg-tossing extravaganza at Road 1 Then rain + regrouping, writing notes, baking, etc. Egg-toss party and easter egg hunt at Red House 19 April Less memorable, nasty, rainy morning at Road 1, Longnatur there, then a quick watch at Plaque and a hike up to Buckeye. Roosting at Gate 20 April Last of the egg-toss days at Rd 1, a watch at Con Hany and a swing by Gazebo. Watch at 1800, 1800, nest check at Gate. Roosting at Rd 1, 21 April Basically a shitty day. Another egg at Rd 1, nest check at Rd 3 (complete clutch!), then disaster! Plague sneaks in a nest with 2 eggs in the upper hole of the two Buckeye canyon holes. Mary reports, 9604 (of [illegible] Low Hay) back home at School Hill 22 April Laying watch at Plaque, watch at Low Hay, 1800. Nest check at Gate, roosting at Road 1,

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1981 R.L. Mumme Journal Hastings Reservation 23 April Nest checks at Plaque, School Hill. Egg introduction at Road 3. Good watch at Gate, and a quick dip in the swimming hole on this hot day. Day started with a revolution watch at Blomone. A very boring watch at Plaque in the evening (roosting, too) 24 April A dull time trying to photograph "egg-tossing" at Hay Blom, good revolution action at Blom one, lunch, nest check at Plaque, walk up School Hill + Still West. Movie, "Dressed to kill," at the library, Fattor arrives for Biosystematists meeting. 25 April Watch at Low Hay early, quick check on revolution action at Blomone, nest checks at Rd 3, a look at Gate, talk with the Biosystematists, nest check at Plaque, discovery of nest at 1500, some plaster egg construction, and roosting at Road 1. 26 April First day of daylight time, but this year I will record all data in PST. Cold, cold watch at Hay Blom, unsuccessful attempt to photograph egg-tossing. Watch at 1500, Roosting at Road 1. Evening watch at 1800 27 April Morning watch at 1500, 1800. Nest check Gate, Rd 3. Trip up to the Arnold in the afternoon. School Hill for Roosting 28 April Early watch at Low Hay, nest check at 1500. Walk by Gazebo, Blomone, Hay Blom nestcheck, watch at 1800, Road 1 for roosting, 29 April Lower Haystack Early again, Nest checks at School Hill and Plaque, some Photography, Swimming hole action

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1981 R.C. Mumme Journal Hastings Reservation (29 April) on this very hot day, the a nest check at 1500, ad a late watch ad roosting at 1800. 30 April Low Hay early, a walk by Gazebo + Blomone, a look at Finch + Warp 5, good watch + nest chick at Gate, moved the hide out to 1500, ad watched roosting at School Hill 1 May Early watch at Low Hay, fooling around the lac, egg- dice removal and egg introduction at SHill + Playous, respectively. Grocery shopping, roosting at S Hill. 2 May Frustrating watch at Low Hay. Again the a shower and up to Berkeley for Russ + Judy's wedding. Great fun. 3 May Early match at Low Hay with an egg laid by Q528 in the 80 hole, then tossed by 83071 Nest check at 1500, watch at 1800, roosting at Low Hay 4 May Uneventful watch at Low Hay. Yesterday's egg a false start. Nap time, trip up to the Arnold with Walter + George, Nest check at 1800, Gate, failed roosting at Rd 1 5 May Spent the morning trying to get a fake egg-tossing photo at Gate, where the first egg was laid. Fooled around a Warp 5, checked the hole at 1800, watched Gate through roosting 6 May Watched early at Gate, then opened the hole at Warp 5, then a Grant party (news came yesterday), the nest check at 1800, Gate through roosting, 7 May Early walk up Haystack, finding the new nest at Hay Blom

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1981 R.C. Mumme Journal Hastings Reservation (7 may) Then Walter shows me how to work the camera at Low Hay, then I check upon 1800 + S Hill West, then open the nest at 1800, count the eggs at Gate, then watch 1800 through roosting. 8 May Early morning watch at Low Hay, complete with a runt egg at the roost hole, which I manage to break. Oh, well. Nest check at School Hill, then dinner at Wills' and "The man in the white suit" at the library. 9 may Another early AM at Low Hay, then peeping nest checks at 1800 + Reaching nest checks at Gate 3 trips up Haystack today, waiting (in vain) for an egg laid by 9524 to be tossed. 10 May Frustrating morning at Low Hay, but followed by good news that 9523 tossed 9524's egg (see Low Hay). Called mom + Bob, napped, transcribed tapes, roosting at Low Hay 11 may Another day, another egg tossed at Low Hay (unfortunately, missed by Byron) napping, nest checks at 1500 + 1800, then another late water at Low Hay. Successful roosting at 1800. 12 may Excellent early watch at Low Hay. Then the usual relaxing, napping, note-transcribing, and notebook organizing until roosting at School Hill. 13 May Both 99 lay at Low Hay today, ending egg-tossing Nest check at Gate, I find a nest at Gazebo, and watch poorly at Blow-ose. Nest check S Hill.

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1981 R.L. Munne Journal Hastings Reservation 14 May Slept late, watched briefly at Low Hay, then poorly in bad weather at Blom one, then returned to Low Hay for a nest check and to bring the movie camera down. Then fooling around on the Arnold, Dinner at Red House 15 May Sleep late, transcribing tapes in the morning. Nest check at Low Hay, carry the ladder over to Gazebo and checked the nest there, Then boogied into town for some grocery shopping. Nest check at Gate 16 May Very bizarre distressing watch at Low Hay, then a routine nest watch at Gazebo, Roosting at Bal, then slide show at Red House 17 May A more encouraging watch at Low Hay, with a nest check. Then a trip up to the Arnold for CA2 + SOBO duty, then nest check at 1500 and nest watch at Gazebo 18 May Early watch at Blom one in poor weather, nest check and egg-injection at Gate, nest check at Low Hay + Blom one. Roosting at 1800. Also watched at Finch. 19 May Watched the nest at Gazebo early, then relaxed, wrote a letter during some rain, then nest check at 1800 a mini-slide show of egg-tossing pictures, a check at S Hill + S Hill west, roosting at S Hill. 20 May Usual dull watch at Blom one, a check at Gazebo, then laundry + baking until 1400. Then I wandered all around Arnold Road Flats and actually found the nest at ARF 2. Also a Cooper's Hawk nest. Roosting at 1800 21 May Another day of nest finding, this one at SOBO (Yeah!). that took the entire afternoon. Relayed, wrote notes, Sewed, and

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1981 R.C. Mumme Journal Hastings Reservation (21 May) did a garbage run in the morning with Walter. Nest check at 1800, and opened the nest at ARF2. Goodbye party for George Barrowclough and slide show at Red House. 22 May Usual nowhere watch at Blomone, then a good nest watch at Gazebo. Opened up the hole at SOBO, found the nest at LA2, checked the nest at Goat, the movie time, "The man who knew too much." 23 May 24 May 25 May 26 May 27 May 28 May 29 May 30 May 31 May

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1981 R.C. Munne Journal Hastings Reservation 1 June Quick watch at Blomone, nest check at Rd 3, then up to Berkeley for the grant money conference with Frank. 2 June Berkeley until noon, returning exhausted about noon. Time for a nest check and a short watch at Rd 3. 3 June Early watch at Blomone, nest check + brief watch at Rd 3, poor nest watch at Gazebo, then nest check + preliminary banding at Low Hay. Nice Barbecue under the Plaque tree in the evening. 4 June Not! I draw the leading + trailing ends of an all-day nest watch at 1500. In between I foolishly check the nest at Plaque, wisely check the nest at Rd 3, and check out the swimming hole. 5 June Usual nowhere watch at Blomone early, then a nowhere nest watch at Gazebo. That was followed by a nest check at Rd 3, a quick visit to Warp 5, and a long period of renovating the Swimming hole. Movie in the Village 6 June Relaxed early, watched a bit at S Hill west, then at Road 1. Also "Firebroke" the Rd 1 granary. A short visit to the swimming hole, then banded the babies at ARF 2 (Solo: my first). Roosting at gate, pot-luck dinner with Walter's PRBO class 7 June A quick look at a weird mini revolution near Blom-one, then up to the Arnold with Byron for a nest watch at Black Oak and a group watch at SOBO. Assisted the Oriole gang with ladders in Corral Viejo Canyon late. 8 June Watched at Blom 1, looked around Blom 3, and watched at Plague. Helped Walter band at WGate, then an excellent photography session at 1500, 9 June Watched poorly at Road 1, then well at Road 3. Grocery

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1981 R.L. Mumme Journal Hastings Reservation (9 June) Shopping, then another photo session at 1500. 10 June Spent a lot of time watching at Plague, with some success. Washed clothes, cleaned, organized, banded the babies at 1800. Dinner at the bunkhouse. 11 June Good all-day nest watch at 1800; I had the last last shifts, again. In between, a quick look at Blomone and a nest check at Rd 3. 12 June Cold + windy. Bad start, but I find the new nest at Warp 5, which Walter & E open around noon. A return to Road 1 in the afternoon. Lots of good mail today, including first roll of 1500 photos. Dinner at Red House. 13 June Blom-one + Rd 1 in the morning, I watch the nest a bit at ARF 2, check the nest at Rd 3, started work on the egg toss paper, dinner in the Bunkhouse. 14 June Almost all day Egg-toss paperwork. Made it out of the cabin long enough to see some juvenile dominance at Plague and check the nest at Rd 3. 15 June Wastetime Short, a-productive watch for babies at School Hill, and a-productive watch at Rd 1, nest check at Rd 3, Swimminghole action, roosting at Gate 16 June Long watches at Rd 1, a Wilson's Phalarope excursion or Blomquist, and swimming. 17 June Boring watch at SHill, bading Warp 5, then 700th bird party + wild dance at the Cabin. 18 June Watched a bit at Blom-one early, worked on the egg-toss paper some, banded at Low Hay, Swimming. Then leave for Berkeley after dinner.

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1981 R.C. Mumme Journal Hastings Reservation 19 June Bedricley, "Raiders of the Lost Ark" etc. 20 June Return from Berkeley in the heat of the afternoon, in time for a swimming hole run, a useless watch at 1800. Dinner in the stathin. bunkhouse 21 June Early watch at Rd 1x Warp 5, swimming, egg-toss work, nextcheck Rd 3, more swimming, Roosting (or lack thereof) at ARF 2 22 June Poor watch at S Hill, then a tour of the Arnold (SOBO, BO, FA), swimming, egg-toss, dessert-making (peach cobbler) for dessert at the casin. 23 June 24 June 25 June 26 June Leave for Berkeley Early Am 27 June Berkeley, pick Nelson up at airport, return to Hastings 28 June 29 June Nice all-day swimming trip at the Arroyo Seco, with Dan + Walter, The Bunkhouse gang 30 June Checked basics at Rd 3, nesthold at Rd 1, watched some at W Gate + Gate, then 1800. 1 July Very successful watches at Rd 1 + Gate, then into town w/Nelson for boat buying, Sea otters, Pt. Lobos, etc.

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1981 R.L. Munne Journal Hastings Reservation 2 July Watched a Y (School Hill + Plague birds) then 1800. Cleansed up the cabin, returned to work on the demography paper. 3 July Watched briefly at School Hill early, then worked in the lab waiting for the arrival of Scott, Laura Rimbev, visited with them until the evening, 4 July A very low-key independent day. Watched briefly at 1800, lab work, swimminghole, flat tire. 5 July Leave early taking Nelson to San Francisco. 6 July Drop Nelson off at SF Airport, return to Hastings, a bit of lab work. 7 July All-day nest watch at Road 3, Party in the cabin 8 July Badling at Rd 3, Arroyo Seco with Janet, Bill, Joan (Janet's friend) 9 July Watch at School Hill with assistants Mike Green & Virginia Norris 10 July Leave for Mono Lake to visit Wink Mono 11 July Mono 12 July Mono 13 July Mono, good gull banding on Krakatoa with Kay Holtekamp and her crew (Laura, Blair, Nick, Joanne) 14 July Return to Hastings → 15 July Work on demography, Janet up at cabin for dinner and you know what 16 July Watched at gate, worked on demography egg-tossing ○ 17 July Up to the Arnold with Janet, watching at U/12+CA2. Then work on the egg-toss paper, roosting at ARF#2, Janet up to the cabin. 18 July Another Excursion up to the Arnold in the (late) morning, Then more work on the egg-toss paper, dessert at Red House.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Journal Hastings Reservation (18 July) stay in the bunkhouse. 19 July watch a bit late at Rd 3, after checking the pitfall traps. Finished up a new draft of the egg-toss paper. Slept outside 20 July Good long watches at Rd 3 + Finch 21 July Poor watch at Rd 3. 22 July Mon + Bob arrive 23 July Tourist route with 'Mon + Bob', Pt. Lobos, 17-mile drive, Monterey, etc. 24 July Watched at Rd 3, lab work (Mon + Bob at Big Sur) Visited with Janet until late 25 July

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1981 R.C.mumme EGG-TOSING EXPERIMENTS Hastings Reservation Eggs introduced before laying Tossed within 48 hours Road 3 yes 16 April Gate (25.7x20.0, 5.15g) yes 27 April Gate yes 24 April Hay Blom yes 26 April Hay Blom yes egg intro *(minutes before egg #1 laid) 5 may Gate no Eggs introduced after laying 23 April Road 3 (24.3x20.6, 6.10g) & no 25 April School Hill no 29 April Plague no 15 may [illegible] Gate no 25 May Low Hay no Dice introduced after laying (16x16x16 mm) (5.65g) 25 April Road 3 no 29 April School Hill no 1 May Plague no 13 may. [illegible] Gate no 23 may Low Hay no

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1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Buckeye 9 Jan Start watch 1110, Not using blind, just wandering below and above granary, 8619 Yellow/LG 8234 CBlue/W-OPK 08blue/Yellow-LBlue 0252 metal / all seen OK, plus at least 2 other birds. As usual, extremely shy. I find a nice place to watch 75m uphill of the granary. 23 March Start from hide at granary, 1020. 1100 8252 DBlue/Yellow-LBlue Metal / and 8619 Yellow/LGreen show up in the granary with, lot behold, a 8NB. the unbadged 8 looked a little nervous, but was not chased by either 8252 or 8619. Then, at 1105, the 8NB starts Karriting, whereupon good old 8483 R-DBlue / R-DBlue shows up and chases out the 8NB. 1130, 8504 wht-Red/DBlue-w(2) turns up 1230 Nothing more. End watch. 19 April A walk up here to check holes at 1800. Nobody looking out anywhere. However, I did see a "pack" of 3 birds fly into the granary before they spotted me and took off. Could this be 8234, 8252, or the 8, with 8424 indeed gone? Red-DBlue/Red-DBlue 31 Aug A quick little watch, 0745-0845, 8483 DBlue/ 8252 M/Yellow-LBlue, and J665 M / Yellow Black in full adult 8 plumage. Aren't there going to be any 88 this year. Also a 8NB intruder seems to be lurking around. Nobody looking interested in the granary hole, and no evidence of "packing" seen yet. p/06c-B.P.(Narco) 12 Sept J8665 at Y (see Y notes), plus J663, also in 8 plumage! 16 Oct Watching here, 0805-1005. granary census or back. Slow carry, but a bit of storing activity later. Most

16 oct 1981 Buckeye granary census 0805 - 1005 0805 nobody 10 " 15 " 20 " 25 30 35 40 45 δ234 δ665 δ666 50 δ665 δ666 55 δ665 δ666 0900 nobody 05 10 15 20 δ663 δ665 25 δ666 δ665 30 δ666 35 δ666 δ665 40 δ666 δ665 45 δ663 δ665 50 δ665 δ666 55 nobody 1000 δ663 δ665 05 δ665 ⑥ δ663 / ⅛ 0920 QNB 9483 (δ8 near, no rc ④ δ665 ⅛⅛ ① δ252 1 0937 Junio δ665 2 ① δ666 1 ① δ234 1 — 13

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Buckeye (16 oct) important thing to note is that I mis-sped J666: Actually it ** definitely in ♀ plumage. 9483, ♂234, ♂252, ♂663, ♂665, and 9666 all seen well + repeatedly. ♂619 and J664 are as yet missing. 17 oct J664 Lorn-Dorr / m at Y, in ♀ plumage 31 oct Granary watch here, 1115 - 1315. Well, cut it short after 1½ hr. No storage, very little activity ♂234 ♂664 ♂665 ♂666 all seen. I was also pretty sure I saw ♂252 as well. End 1245 7 Nov Another try, 1405 - 1605. 1500, some Juvenile dominance, dominance ♂665 definitely pecked at ♂666, molt completed! Will have to compare to Byron's notes here After-molt dominance A bit of storing but not much. All 4 first-year birds seen, plus ♂234, ♂252. Only 9483 and ♂619 not seen today. The latter has probably disappeared. 30 Nov Granary census, 1100 - 1300. Boring, only ♂663 and ♂665 seen. No storage, no defense.

31 Oct 1981 Buckeye granary census 1115 nobody 20 " 25 δ252 30 nobody 35 " 40 " 45 δ665 50 δ666 55 nobody 1200 δ665 05 " 10 nobody 15 20 25 30 δ665 35 δ665 40 " 45 " No storage defense 1120 δ252 near Nuthatch O (no response) 7 Nov 1981 Buckeye 1405 nobody 10 15 20 25 30 δ665 35 40 " 45 δ262 δ666 50 δ665 δ234 55 δ665 δ664 δ666 δ252 1600 " " " δ663 05 " " " δ663 storage hour 1 hour 2 25 δ252 11 1 (3) 30 δ252 δ234 δ665 δ664 δ666 δ664 11 2 35 δ252 δ655 δ664 δ666 δ666 1 1 40 nobody δ666 1 1 45 δ262 δ666 δ663 11 2 50 δ665 δ664 δ666 δ252 δ665 1 1 55 δ665 δ234 1 1 1500 " 05 δ665 δ666 δ252 10 δ663 15 nobody 20 δ665 defense 1515 δ252 Nuthatch 1 1530 δ664 Robins 2 1600 δ664 Nuthatch 1 5/hr 30 Nov 1981 Buckeye 1100-1300 1100 nobody 05 " 10 " 15 δ665 20 " 25 " 30 nobody 35 " 40 δ663 45 δ663 δ665 50 nobody 55 " 1200 05 " 10 δ665, δ? 15 δ665 20 nobody 25 " 1230 nobody 35 " 40 " 45 " 50 " 55 } cut short 1300 } storage

1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes fornicivorus Chongo 19 Oct Miracle of miracles, I walk up here at 1230 and find that at long last, Chongo is occupied! About 100-200 acorns stored in the granary, and birds around! 20 Oct watching here 0750, hoping to find out who's here. 0900, Bless her heart ♀ 565 ♂ un/L Blue of 1800 is here, storing acorns with what appears to be just one unbanded ♂, That means that School Hill descendants are now breeding at S Hill, 1500, 1800, Cow Hay, Hay Blom, Y (direct) and Blomore, Blom 2, and Chongo (indirect descendants), Not bad! Anyway, a lot of other woodpeckers are here, but I suspect that they are Buckeye birds trying to use the spring (I saw ♂234, ♀666 here yesterday). No evidence of more than a pair here, but they look pretty tight. End 10/910. 10 Dec Counted stores, 1700: 330 TOTAL Still room for a couple hundred more.

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes fornicivorus Plaque Hastings Reservation 23 Jan Start watch 1110. Light rain by 1150, but F get a complete census ♂473 Green/wht, ♂521 Blk-yellow/m, ♀496 mauve/brt-er ♂494, wht-red/m, ♀606 Bnk-wht/ wht-brkt. 2 March Start watch here 1610. 1705, I actually see a dominance interaction between ♀494 x ♀496. As always, ♀494 was dominant, pecking at the head of ♀496 2-3 times. The two birds were perched in the top stubs of the 2° V0. ♀496 had been there originally, ♀494 approached. ♂473, ♂521 both seen very well as well, but I'm afraid ♀606 is missing. Seems like I should have seen her. 1715, ♀496 tussles with 2 sapsuckers in the locusts by the barn-house. One of the sapsuckers seemed to be chasing the other one as well. End 1720. 8 March Big commotion here at 0800. Lots of warts, waskas, I walk out to find a big chaso going on involving one (or more) School Hill ♀9. The only intruder I saw was ♀602 Blk/ftnt, being chased by ♀494 for sure. Ends quickly, as intruders fly off toward Y. I see ♀496 (although she gave me a scare not showing up for awhile), ♂521, ♂473. ♀606 must certainly be gone. End 0830 18 March I clean out the old nest hole, put in some wood chips, after seeing a bird working in the hole. 24 March A quick watch, 0900-1000. ♂473, ♂521, ♀494, ♀496 all here. 28 March Apananoid watch here. Complete census. Don't look like they're ready to breed yet, although birds checking out the Cabin Blue Oak Hole. Sapsucking from top of trees on Adobe Hill.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plague 2 April Start watch 1500. 2 birds in the sap tree on Adobe Hill, and an Orange crowned warbler sapsucking. Doesn't look like these guys will be nesting soon. ♂476 was alone in the sap tree for quite some time, with ♂521 in the grany, and one or both ♀♀ off toward Buckeye. ♂476 would certainly be more concerned if they were about to nest. I'll watch here again in a couple days. 5 April Watching from Adobe Hill 0715. Birds in Blue Oak, saw a ♂ giving mild chase to another bird. I then saw the "intruder" fly in one step all the way to school hill field, 0820, a ♀NB intruder lurking about. Once again, ♂476 showing no interest in ♀494. ♂ was in the sap tree alone once, ♀ off elsewhere. Nobody seen in holes or at holes, but lots of activity at the Cabin Blue Oak and Big Blue Oak. End 0950. 9 April Watching here 1615. Wow, at 1650, a copulation! ♂476 was alone in the 2° tree, and [illegible] the 3 others were in the grany. ♂473 flew to ♀496, she briefly mounted him, then he solidly mounted her for 4-5 seconds, tail twist, good cloacal contact. This occurred on their favorite Cornicatorium horizontal branch in the 2° grany (N side of tree, 3/5 up). While ♂473 was copulating with ♀496, ♂521 flew over, and gave his (dominant) father a small peck. At the same time, ♂478 dismounted, and the birds flew off. Not unlike last year, even though ♂521 fathered ♀496's only offspring. Also some evidence of ♀ following by ♂473, so I'll watch again tomorrow.

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1981 R.L. Murra Melanerpes formicivorus Plague 12 April Start 0700. Doesn't look like nesting yet, though 0'521, ♀494, + ♂496 did visit the hole while I was watching. ♂473 moved away from ♀494 a couple of times while I was watching. At 0805, ♂521 + ♀494 were in the nest tree + ♂473 + ♀496 were around the garage trees, when ♀496 flew back to the nest tree, opening waked, with ♂473 right behind. He (♂473) crouched + tail raised next to ♀494, she moved toward him, then ♂521 flew down to join the pair. Looked a bit tense, but nothing happened. End 0900. 13 April Checked nest at 0615, empty, after seeing 2 birds in or at the hole at 0605. In light of Byron's observation yesterday of a ♀ woodpecker carrying a piece of white eggshell in the nest tree, I thought I'd better watch here some. Start watching nest hole from hide, 0630. 0820 ♀496 looks in briefly, flies off. 0835, ♂521 takes a peek as well. End 900. False alarm? I guess, as no eggs laid yet. It did look like some following was going on, so I'll watch this PM. 0906, ♀496 in hole very briefly (20 sec) Nest checked 0915. Empty, Start watch from behind labs 1430. Well, I don't think they have a nest in their immediate future. ♂473 wasn't terribly concerned about ♀494's whereabouts, but he did follow her on one occasion. One long trip over Adobe Hill gives cause for concern as well. End 1530

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque 14 April Watching here 0710. Whoa, another long trip up over Adobe Hill by I think 8473 following 9494, what's about 0745 more, I walk over to the Buckeye canyon hole free and flush a bird out. Don't know who it was, but it looked like it flew back to Plaque by itself. These guys need more watching. 1320, I walk back to the Buckeye canyon hole, and I am greeted by the sight of a 8 woodpecker looking out. Oh, woe is me! 1430, Not good at all. I peep in, find a single fresh egg. Almost certainly laid this morning. Measured (26.3 x 19.1 mm), marked #1, and returned. Set up blind, and start watch. End 1500, M. Peacocks. Start watching near cabin 1750. 1803, 3 birds in 20 tree, 9496 flies in from cabin BO, pre-cops, 8473 flies over. She mounts, he then makes weak attempt to mount her, but doesn't. 1808 All 4 birds fly down toward Y area. Very interesting both 8473 + 8521 are following 9494. 9496 is following them! I get the distinct impression that 9496 is simply not ready to lay eggs yet, and that 9494 is the only "receptive" 8. 1810, all 4 have flown to the Y, don't return. 8521 + 9496 may have drifted back here early, but I saw very little at roosting. One bird may have been scared out of roosting in the nest hole by Byron (see his notes)

14 April 1981 1750 8473 Q494 8521 | 2° tree (755) | cabin blue coat 1600 all 4 cabin blue coat | N I 1405 all 4 2° tree | I 1810 all 4 Y area | I 1815 nobody | all toward Y 1820 1825 1830 ? 1835 ? 1840 > 1845 5 bot follow Q494 ||| both FAF Q496 ||| Q496 follows other3 both follows, 8521 lags || unknown |

1931 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plagne (14 April) More clearly, two birds returned to the granary furtively about 1850. One was ♂, the other ♀, and I suspect ♂521 +9496. The returned independently, the ♂ first. Much Later saw (1910) Saw 2 birds in the 2° tree, but no roosting or anything.

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1981 R.L. Mumnt 6 Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque 15 April Start 0650 0738, ♂S21 drumming up at cabin utility pole. 0750, ♀496 takes a look into the 1980 nest hole. 0803, 3 birds fly up over adobe hill. I think it was ♂S21 first, then ♀494 (1 min later), then ♂473 as a much delayed follower. 0805, ♂473, ♀494, ♂S21 fly back. 0825 Stopping here for a while. My guess is that the Buckeye canyon nest was a "dump" or "practice" nest, and has already been abandoned. Of course, I'll have to check with Walter on that to be certain. 0900--Whoops. Relieving Walter. ♀494 did indeed lay an egg here at around 0630. End 1009 Walter arrives with the news that an egg (presumably laid by ♀496) showed up in the 2° tree hole. 1245 Relieving Byron at 2° nest (with ♀496 eggs). 1400--Nothing happened, relieved by Mary. 1600--Starting watching for behavior. Very dull. a break to look for Byron. At 1815, the birds fly up to Water tank Hill, I am able to see all 4 of them moving around in the live oaks there until about 1845, when I lose them. Nothing seen at roosting. A pair of birds came into the 2° granary briefly, and some Parrots at Adobe Hill, but that was all. 16 April Start watch at 2° granary hole (1 egg, by ♀496) in the nest 0623 ♂S21 looks in (5 sec). 0701 1. 1. 1.

15 April 1981 0700 ♂473 ♀496 tg | ♂521 9494 +2° NI 0705 0710 0715 all but 9496 20t | 9496 Cabin 0720 all 4 20 tree 0725 ♂476 10 tree | others 20+rd 0730 ♂521cabin | 99 20 | ♂473 1° 0735 ♂♂9494 cabin | 9496 0740 all 4 10 tree | 0745 0750 ? 0755 0800. 0805 ♂♂9494 ♂♂9496 (all4)° 0810 all 4 20 | I 0815 ? 0820 all 4 10 | 0925 all 4 10 | I 15April 1981 both ♂♂ follow ♀494 1600 all 4 20 tree ( NI 1605 1610 ? 1615 9494 20 | ♂473 ♂521 9496 1° 1620 all 4 20 | 1625 ? 1630 nobody a-ou-A. 1635 1640 1645 1650 all 4 10 | ... 1750 nobody 1755 all 4 10 | 16 April 1981 1705 nobody 1710 1740 all 4 20 1745 1750 all 4 cabin 1755 "core 3" cabin | 9496 g 1° 1800 "core 3" adobe | 9496 10g I 1815 9496 20 | reston ador 1820 1825 9496 alone 20 | others madrone 1830 9496 alone gabbu|others madrone canyon both ♂♂ follow ♀494 11 both FAF 9496 11 both FTP 9496 11 ♂521 FAF 9494 | ♂473 Follows alone | ♂473 FAF 9496 11 ♂473 2 long trips back & forth from madrone canyon

1981 R.L. Mumme 7 Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque (16 April) 0712 ♀494 looks in briefly, flies off 0752 ♂521, then ♀494, at nest, look in a few seconds each, fly off 0754 ♀494 at hole nearly 1 min, then flies off 0755 ♂521, the ♀494 enter hole. 0758, ♂521 looks out for 1 sec, twice. 0805 ♀496 comes to hole, ♂521 leaves, ♀494 leaves, I scare off ♀496, check nest. A new egg, marked #2, laid by ♀494. Measurements were 25.3 X 19.4 mm. Egg still warm. 0826 ♂521 looks in 0927 ♀496 enters, leaves 0928. ♂521 checks hole briefly then enters. ♂521 leaves at 0932, after tapping on inside of hole 0934 ♂473 looks in, flies. ♀496 enters looks out quickly, 0935. 0936, ♀494 goes to hole, ♀496 leaves, ♀494 enters at 0937 0938, ♂473 goes to hole, ♀494, ♂473 fly off 0945 nest check. Still 2 eggs. End watch at 1015. Watching behavior in the afternoon, summarized on back of page 6. Again, both ♂♂ appear to be following the ♀494, ignoring ♀496. Late, the 2♂♂ + ♀494 were ½ mile up madrone canyon, with ♀496 alone in the granary, the cabin Blue Oak and Adobe Hill. Twice, however, ♂473 made very long flights back to the granary area,

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plague (16 April) remained (with 9496 in the area) < 1 min, then flew way up Madrone canyon again (at least ½ km or so). About 1840, the 3 birds returned in a tight pack from madrone canyon, and after stopping in the last trees briefly, appeared to head off toward "the Y," 9494 remained alone in the granary area. However, right at about 1900, a ♂ flew into the top of the Plague tree, was quickly mounted by 9496, then fully copulated with 9496. It was too dark to see bands, but the ♂ had a "red point" going into his white forehead on his left side. Will have to see who that is. Suspect that it is ♂473, despite last year's electrophoretic data showing 9496's nestling was sired by ♂521. 17 April 0615. Nest checked in 2° tree. Still eggs #1 & #2. 0815 ♂521 enters 0820 ♂494 enters; both leave 0822. Nest checked, Still eggs #1 & #2. 0950 ♂494 approaches ♂521 at hole, ♂494 gives precop tail raise. both leave without entering. 0952. ♂473 enters. 0955 ♂496 enters ♂473 leaves (?). 0956 enters, 9494. 1000, ♂496 leaves with wood chip, ♂494 follows. 1001 ♂521 enters. #3 Nest checked, new egg, 24.5 x 19.1. Probably ♂494, but not certain since both ♂♀ were in. Since ♂496 flew out with a wood chip, End 1020. Later in the afternoon, Walter finds nest empty! Entirely cleaned out, ready for remest. Suspect ♂496 These guys just did not have their act together this time.

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1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Plague 19 April Walked up to the Buckeye canyon hole at 1630, pulled out the two eggs that were still there (for use in egg-toss experiments). At about 1530, while up at the cabin, I saw Plague birds going in and out of the hole in the 2° tree. Definitely interested, and since Buckeye canyon hole wasn't cleared out yet, it looks good for the 2° tree hole. Interesting to see how long it takes these guys to renest. Watching 1700. Walt Byron just checked hole, no eggs. 1710, 9494 + another bird in the Plague tree scaling moss off past the branches. One trip up the Adobe Hill worried me, but I walked back to the canyon hole area and saw no birds. End 1730. 21 April Watching back in the Buckeye canyon area at 1500. 8473, 8321, 9496 back here. 1530. FUCK! 9496 enters the upper hole of the 2 canyon holes. I fear we have already Blown it here -- AGAIN! Will have to open it pronto. Incidentally, while here at 1515, saw a nice prolonged copulation between 8473 + 9496. On a horizontal branch of a Blue Oak, good tail twist underneath the 9, good cloacal contact. 8521, nearby, flew over and gave 8473 a gentle peck near the end of the copulation. Concurrent with the peck, 8473 + 9496 flew apart. End 1540. Going to get gear to check hole. Hole finally opened at 1700. 2 goddamn eggs, very different in size. Probably laid today. (1) 25.7 x 19.5 (9494?) (2) 27.1 x 18.5 (9496?) That's the way it goes. Also stayed with these guys

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plague (21 April) through roosting. Roosting was rather strange. A lot of single birds flying around, no mountings or "pairs" or "trios" seen. One bird roosted late in the utility pole near the Plague tree. While waiting for roosting, I searched the Branch of the 2° tree where Byron found the egg 10 days ago, But I saw nothing that looked like egg remains. 22 April Start 0630. Watching nest hole in Buckeye canyon from top of Adobe Hill, 0830 Nothing has happened. 2 birds flycatching around the summit of Adobe, but nobody's gone near the canyon holes Now watching 1° area from W side of Adobe. 0900, the birds (of course) fly over to the Buckeye canyon area. I go back there, lots of birds milling around. $521 looked in the nest hole a very long time (10-15 minutes) but never entered. Finally, at 0930, I see a bird leave the hole, and a Fetter. Never knew when first bird entered. They definitely seemed bothered by the hole being opened. 1000, I go to check hole, flushing a bird out. Beggs now, the new one marked #3+ returned. Probably the work of correct! 9494: 25.3 x 19.1 (I should rereasure length. Not sure I checked 24 April remember it correctly). Anyway, is 9496 taking the day off, or was she freaked out enough to lay in the 2° tree? Actually, I think she was the bird I flushed when I went to check the nest. Since 3473 was not around (Laws) I doubt it was 9496. End 1030. Checked 2° tree hole 1700 hrs. Empty + wet! 23 April Nest check 1100: 2 new eggs, marked #4 + #5. Unfortunately, I forgot to bring the calipers, so I'll have to measure the

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plague 23 April new arrivals (plus #3) tomorrow. Egg #5 looked like the work of Q494, and egg #5 was pretty small, although not approaching runtness. Watching near the cabin, 1700. 1745, ♂622 of 1500 intrudes here, chased by ♂521 24 April Nest check at 1540, No new eggs(!). But a ♀ I think Q496, is the hole as I arrived. Will somebody lay tomorrow? Measurements of eggs #4 r #5: (4) 496? 24.3 X 17.5 failed to hatch (5) 494 25.6 X 19.3 failed to hatch 25 April Nope. Nest check at 1540, No new eggs. Clutch complete at 5 eggs, the wimpiest 2♀ nest on record. 29 April Nest check 1230. Still 5 eggs, Introduce a plaster egg to the nest, 1 May Nest check 1830. 5 eggs, plus plaster egg. Fake egg not removed after 48 hours. Die introduced into nest 4 May Nest check 1200: Hatching: 3 Babies, from eggs 1, 2 + 3. Shells of all 3 eggs still in nest, so I would say All 3 hatched today, 4 May Eggs (4)(5) still unhatched. Also, die was still there: Not removed within 48 hours. 9 May Nest check 1630. 3 babies, eggs (4) & (5) still present: Did not hatch. But it looks like embryos are at least partially developed; Babies banded weighed: (1) BPnk-whr(N) 25.3 g (2) Or - Brown 20.8 g (3) 20.0g (not banded)

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1981 R.L. Munne melanerpes formicivorus Plague (9 may) Broke open egg #5, ad found an almost completely developed embryo. Can't understand off had why it failed to hatch after making it so far. Egg #4 Seems to have suffered the same fate. 27 may Boded babies (3) with walter yesterday 4 June I boob here at 1345. I walk up here to see if the babies have fledged. Lots of adults around, no sign of fledglings, etc. What's more, no babies looking out of the nest or making any noise. With horrible thoughts of last year's failure in mind, I make the mistake of climbing up to the nest, where I find 2 babies still in the nest, 661 + 662. They were't in the nest long, however, and I had to tur around on the ground to get them back, ad slowly ad carefully put them back in the nest hole. They could fly but not with a lot of gusto. J660 must have already fledged. Do not ever do that again, Ron! Could have been a real disaster. 1430, I spot J660 DBLue / fledged, associating with adults in Blue Oak behind (uphill) from the nest 1500 Still nobody has fed the babies in the nest. Hope they'll be OK. I'll check again tomorrow. (I didn't) 8 June walking past at 0630, I see 3 of tho Plague adults jumping all over a Nuttall's woodpecker in the Plague tree. All 3 birds were pounding on the Nuttall's continuously, for about 20 seconds, forcing him to the ground several times. Finally he wound up dazed in front of the chicken coop. I walked over ad he flew off weakly toward the upper burn.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plague (8 June) walking by 1110, I see babies! J662 DBlue-Red/DBlue-Red and J660 DBlue-white both in the Plague tree. J662 not looking any worse for wear from my little faun paws Both flying quite well. I suspect 661 is around as well. 1120, well, first Juvenile dominance interactions of DBlue-Red (M)/M → the season. Top of the 2° tree, J660 pecks the keepebees out of J662, at least 2 independent times. Happened after I saw a ♂ fly in and feed 662. J661 <Blg-DBlue/Blue also seen. 4H1 3 babies, all 4 adults present! 10 June Watching here 0720. 0800, I see dominance. J661, J662 together on a small storage limb, no adult present, J661 pecks hard at the head of J662 3 separate times! 0900 Watching birds in Big Blue Oak; ♂521 kleptoparasitizes a ♀ Bluebird. ♀ W. Bluebird had caught this enormous spider, literally the size of the bluebirds head. Very fat as well. She handled it for 15-20 seconds, then ♂521 flew down and the Bluebird flew away without resistance. ♂521 picked up the rest of the spider and flew up higher in the tree to feed J662 0930. More Juv. Dom in 2° Tree. 661 nails 662 → very hard around the head several times, 2 separate occasions, Birds alone in 2° tree. No adults near. 1020, another J661 > J662. Former luges at J662, who turns head, closes eyes, while ♂521 present and Freeling J661. 14 June Up in the cabin at 1050 working on the Egg-tossing paper I am distracted by ♂521 poking around in a globular Paper wasp nest hanging from the lower crossbar of the utility

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plague (14 June) pole in front of the cabin. Several times (at least 5). I watch him probe into the wasp nest, pull out larvae (very white) and feed them to J661 in the Blue Oak or on the utility pole. Neat. 1130, Lucky, indeed. J660 + J661 show upon the utility pole, and after following them down to the secondary tree, I see dominate! 521 had been feeding J660, and had just left. J661 flew over and gave J660 a pair of gentle pecks to the head. 446 → J661 repeated a few seconds later, forcing J660 to the bottom of the branch. This is interesting, since I know J660 fledged first (see 4 June notes). Will be interesting to find out the sex of these guys. 2 July Both J660 + J661 at Y at 0700, being chased away by School Hill birds. (See Skill notes) 31 July With Frank + Walter under the plague tree, 1500, I spot both Juvs being fed by 521 in a small storage limb above me. Using Frank's binos, I see J661 pecks hard at J660 3 separate times. J661 clearly dominated! What's more J661 appears to have molted into 9 plumage, while J660 looks like a 8! Neat! A 9 dominating her brother. 3 Aug A quick look here 0730, confirm J661 in 9 plumage, and J660 8. Both have very white eyes now. 473 too 4 Aug Another quick look, 494 + 496, 521, J660, all present. 29 Aug 0700. Lots of commotion (Cinquefoil, chases, garricks waka rallies, etc.) A quick look at the birds on the utility pole near the cabin produces 494, 521, 473, J661.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plague 30 Sept Storing has begun here! About 50 new acorns in the Plague tree 1600 20 Nov A quick watch here: Complete census: ♂473, ♂521, ♀494, ♀496 ♂660 all seen. ♀661 must certainly be gone. I missed her when I watched here on 7 Nov. 10 Dec Counted stores, 1500 / Plague tree: 1625 / Utility pole (guess, acorns in roost holes) 200 / 2° tree: 375 ♀ TOTAL 2200 ♀494 and ♂660, ♀496

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Y 3 June Walking past at 1800 I actually see two birds fighting in the dead locust granary by the door to the lower barn. Upon closer examination, the participants turn out to be ♂521 from Plague and I believe ♀523 (!) from Lowthy- School Hill. Anyway, I think 3 birds here from School Hill, as I later see ♂523, ♂402, plus another "friendly" that I never got a good look at. 2 July School Hill + Plague birds here at 0700. or-08blue/whit) ad Plague (♀494) 3 Aug 0800 SHill (J669) ad Plague (♀494) here in the Lower Barn Locusts. A bit of chasing going on as well. 11 Sept Birds here! Not just Plague + SHill, but a lot of NB, and according to Walter, they've been hanging out here at least the last 3 days. Right at the Y at 1500hrs I DBlue-whit(N)/m then 3NB, 10♂, 1♀, and one that appeared to be molting into ♀ plumage. The latter 3 I all saw in the vicinity of the yellow pan trap near the face corner 1520, 5 Plague birds, ♂521, ♀♀494, 496, J♂660 and J♀661 all seen in the Lower Barn locusts. Look very "comfortable there, not being challenged. I wonder what "granary" The intruders here perceive. 1630, The plot thickens. I get a good count of 5 birds in the vicinity of the Y sycamore including J♂669 Or-DBlue/white of School Hill, at least 1 (and I think 2) ♂NB, 1♀NB, and I think that bird molting into ♀ plumage. Everybody looked like they might be juveniles. Lots of tail spots.

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1981 R.C. Munn Melanerpes formicivorus Y (11 Sept) Anyway, this is very bizarre. I saw a rather vicious dominance interaction when ♂669 pecked hard at a ♂Juv NB. I saw another interaction that I think involved 2 ♂NB. What's more, ♂669 and a ♀NB were working on an excavation of some kind in the Y Sycamore Cin a dead stub, facing down the lane, "Davis" side of the tree End 1700; This will take a lot more figuring out. Catching + banding some of these guys wouldn't hurt 12 Sept Passing by 0800, I find Plague Juv ♂660 in the Blom Knoll root hole tree, eating an acorn. 0830, for added confusion, I find 2 Buckeye juvs, J♂663 Yellow-Bik/Red and J♂665 Metal/Yellow Black in the Big Valley Oak that overhangs the Blonquist cattle pond. Very strange. Undoubtedly, there are a lot of acorns here. I also saw ♂660 of Plague in the tree, too. 1250, for good measure I find Skill juvenile ♂668 Bik-Gnn/m in the knoll area 14 Sept A pass here, 0700-0730. Plague birds J660 + 661 + 9?94 + ♂521 appear to be defending the lower barn locusts, although they are being challenged by intruders. Hanging around the cattle pond I find Buckeye's J663+665. SOS as 12 Sept. Also, J676 of 1500 was here at the cattle pod briefly, but I believe he returned to 1500. 20 Sept 0715 -- Sunovagon, a POWER STRUGGLE! Very bizarre, in that the main action is occurring on Blom Knoll, not in the Lower Barn Locusts. 0800 Geeze, what amess! Birds seen here are: 2♂ NB; J♂660 (Plague); J♂669 (Skill) with

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1981 R.L. Mumme 3 Melanerpes formicivorus Y (20 Sept) probably J668 as well: J702 or /Pu/or from Warp 5, (!) of all places; J6695 m /mauve of 1800; J6665 Yellow - BIK/Red of Buckeye, and I believe J666 Bk-Red/m of Buckeye of Buckeye as well. Plus peripherally, 402, and Plague adults (Barn). 0810 coop (or sharpie) alarm calls go out 0900 well starting to get the picture. The main activity is centered around the old fallen granary, although there is little activity in it per se. Most of the birds are in a Blue oak 20 m north and in the big, acorn loaded VO near the fence-line, 30 m SW of the granary. Main participants are: ① School Hills J668 + J669, mostly the latter doing the chasing. 402 is here, but doesn't look that active. ② An ad ♀NB, plus a Juv that looks like she's molting into ♀plumage (see last week's Y notes) that appear to be cooperating, or at least not chasing each other. The adult ♀ NB seems to be chasing another ♀NB Others: J702 (Warp5), J6695 (1800), J6665 (Buckeye) (J666 not confirmed), J660 (Plague), J6 NB. And, the three ♀NB. Meaning today, at least 11 active participants; A cooperating group of 2 (or 3) S Hill ♂♂, and an apparent cooperating group of 2 ♀NB End 0910. 1330, Activity shifted to the pine trees by the School House (???). Still, the 2 school Hill Jurs (with 402 nearby) and 1-2 ♀NB chasing everybody. Most intruders look like ♀NB. Intruder here, or /white (who?). Thought 853?, but no.

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes Formicivorus Y (20 Sept) No, stupid, its ♂473 from Plague, proving once again that I can't tell the difference between Green & Orange. Anyway, he's near the School House at 1400. 21 Sept Watching here 0830. Lots of new developments. First, two foci of activity: At the Y pers e, hanging around the Y Sycamore, the old VO granary ("Y Not") are 3 birds, a ♀NB, a ♂NB and J668 of S Hill, who I original thought was a ♂, but I now have some doubts. They look modestly interested in the old VO granary, but more so in all the acorn laden trees there. J669 would fly by occasionally as well. Most of the noise was from the knoll, though, and I wondered why the S Hill jauvies, who seemed in control yesterday, were now off to the side. I found a likely answer over on the knoll: More Buckeye Birds! ♂619 Lorn/Yellow Jibble, Blk-Red/m, and J664 White/Dorn-Lbrn. Didn't see J665, who was here yesterday, and J663, here a few days ago, but they might be around. ♂660 (Plague) and J702 (wrap 5) here two, plus a ♀NB. Hard to tell what will eventually happen here. Maybe nothing. Very quiet by 1030. End watch. 30 Sept 0830, trying to catch up here after a week in Berkeley. Looks like little has changed. Lots of birds here. Main points: (1) Plague birds are still in control of the Lower Barn Locusts (♂521, ♀494, 496 seen there), but they now seem to be being challenged a bit. A ♀NB, and perhaps J666 Blk-Red/m (?) of Buckeye being shagged out of the locusts. (2) At least some birds, 2 NB and J669 from S Hill are still lurking about in the two Y Sycamores, the School House pines, etc. However

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus (Y) (30 Sept) today I didn't see any sign of interest in the [illegible] because Valley Oak granary near there. Don't know what they'll do, if they stay! ③ Still action on the Blomquist knoll as well. At 1530, I find J564 Red-BIR/BIR-Red and J6695 mauve/mauve of 1800 in the knoll area (first record of J564 here: J561 was at 1800 today (see 1800)) I also saw J664 wht/Dgra-Green of Buckeye in the knoll area, plus a 9NB checking out the knoll roost hole. 30ct Things still confusing here. ① Around the "Y" Serrasticto, I find at 1130 1400 J669 Or-DBlue/Wht then in the Blom corner utility pole I see J668 waking with that 9NB that's molting into 9Plunage, plus another NB that I think was 9, but was not at all sure. What's more, I'm starting to think that J668 is molting into 9plunage! J669 is definitely 9, however. ② Plague still "owns" the lower barn locusts: J521m/yellow-br DBlue-Wht(N)/m seen in the granary, 1430-1445. 1530, well, it's in doubt. A big scrap developed over the locusts, J668+669, with the 2 9NB started investigating the locusts while the Plague birds were away. The 9 looked very interested in the storage holes. Anyway, after a while the Plague birds returned, and after about a 10-min animated struggle, the 4 "intruders" were vanquished to the corner utility pole, the big liveoats there, etc. 9494 was especially hopped up in all the fighting, but 9494, J521 J660 all there as well. Anyway, I take that as a encouraging sign for the newcomers. First time I've seen any of the birds here show any interest in the true granary.

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1981 R.C. Manne Melanerpes formicivorus Y (3 Oct) Also, one would think Plague would eventually give up on this little "side project" and get back to their own territory + store acorns. 1555, another scrap in the locusts, the 2 cooperating ♀NB and ♂669 all there. This could develop into a real power struggle. Plague has started storing. It's worth noting. Also seen on the knoll was J664 Corn-Dan/M of Bucheye, who I've still not been able to sex, and ♂564 Red-BLK/BLK-Red of 1800. Little 1610, Still a lot of action in the locusts, including garricks. Plague birds still in control. Will check later. At least action is at the right spot, now. 7 Oct Watching 1310. Hallelujah! A resolution in sight. As I suspected from a watch at Plague yesterday (and a glance here while collecting bugs), Plague has apparently given up on the Lower Barn Locusts and has returned home to store acorns. Here now, looking in control and comfortable with each other, or -DBlue/White are J♂669 M / Or-DBlue, and the 2 ♀ NB. Great! Blk-brn/M Looks like they have it. 1330, also here is J668 Blk-brn/Blt, and I am 95% certain that J668 is molting into ♀ plumage. Very strange! I ever saw J♀668 exchange quick mounts with one of the ♀NB (!!), so they thus far seem quite friendly. Whether J668 will stay or not is not clear. Also, her breeding status if she stays would certainly be interesting. Doesn't look like they are storing acorns yet, but I feel pretty sure that they will. 1440, Checking the knoll, as I thought that I saw/heard a bit of activity here. All I find are 1 or 2 ♀ NB, and despite my suspicions, there is no compelling reason to think that

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus (Y) 7 Oct these 99 are not the "resident" 99 here. So it looks like these 4 birds are all alone here: we have a new group! Not bad at all. Also found a couple of new holes on the knoll. One old opened one is in a vertical dead stub in a Blue Oak 25 meters W of the "roost hole" tree (hole faces north). The second is in the torn, shared off face of the broke- Blue Oak 20 meters ENE of the roost hole tree. Good to know, as the two 99 are worth ambushing here, soon. End 1445. ** GROUP UPDATE; ① J9668 and J8669 found Y as 1st year birds, 5 Oct 1981: Action at the Y first began about 10 Sept, 8669 first seen there 11 Sept, J9668 20 Sept (but was probably around earlier). By 20 Sept, and especially 3 Oct, it was becoming apparent that these 2 birds were beginning to form a coalition of sorts with 2 9NB. However, the first gint that they might wrest control of the locusts from Plague did not come until 3 Oct, and by 7 Oct they seemed secure, So I say that Y was founded 5 Oct, even though all the founders were present at least 2 weeks earlier ② 2 9NBs, 854 and 855 found Y 5 Oct 1981. The same things apply for these to 99, as they wire presumably present from mid-september on. It's certainly worth noting that the acorn crop around the Y was phenomenally heavy. Several Valley, Blue, and Live Oaks had excellent acorn years.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Delanerpes formicivorus Y 15 Oct A quick stop here reveals ♂402 yellow / D Pink, along with J♂669, J♀668, and two ♀NB. Is ♂402 going to move here, too? 17 Oct A failed ambushed attempt here, in the "easy" hole in the S Hill ravine. Unfortunately, I missed the fact that the stub above the hole was directly connected to the cavity. Burner. I pulled the string at about 2000 hrs on 16 Oct, and I may have heard a bird fly out then. Oh, well. Lots of action on the knoll again, at 1600 hrs. I find lots of 1800 birds (♂S64 Red-BIX / BIX-Red, Yellow-BIX / M, and ♀695 mauve / mauve) ♂561 Yellow / Black, and ♀695 mauve / mauve Cbrn / yellow two 1500 birds (♀601 [?..?] M / wht-cbrn, ♀676 DBlue-wht/BIX-wht), 2 Buckeye birds (♂663 M / Dbrn BPix (N), ♀ (finally!) 664 Cbrn-Dbrn / M). Don't know what it was all about, but the 4 Y regulars (♀668, ♂669, a ♀NB, and a fourth bird [♀NB or ♂402?] ) were still in charge of the locusts in the lower barn. Will have to check here tomorrow. 19 Oct Once again, lots of commotion at the Y. 0800. In the lower barn locusts, secure are ♂402(! here again!), ♂669, ♀668, and 2♀NB although a 3rd ♀NB appears to be here as well, getting chased. Lots of action on the knoll, too. Lots of birds going to the yellow pass, so I try putting the "corner" pan inside one of Bill's Potter Traps (a Yellow-Pan-Trap Trap?)

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1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Y (19 oct) no takers in 1½ hr, 0900-1030, but the birds show some interest. I may try some more. Anyway, a lot of 1800 birds on the knoll. ♂561, ♂564 anyway, plus ♀NBs. Again here at 1630, ♂562 war-com/m here too, so a large 1800 contingent ♀695 and J696 also here, and I got the fleeting impression that J696 might actually be ♀ too. All 1800 helpers here, except ♀565. Where might she be? Also here are ♀NB, and ♀664 from Buckeye on the knoll. 28 oct Watching 1210. The usual gang in the Lower Barn locusts, ♀668, ♂669, 2♀NB. Plus ♂402 was visiting here again, but at 1215 I saw him (presumably) make (continuous flight from the locusts to School Hill Storing is in progress! Saw each of the 2♀NB store an agrifolia acorn (gathered from the corner live oak) 1330, The knoll is still in contention. ♂564 and ♀695 of 1800, a ♀NB (perhaps 2) and ♀664 of Buckeye all hanging out here (the ♀NB is not the same as the 2 resident ♀NB). Anyway, they (especially the ♀NB) seem to be defending the knoll area from the Y residents. The small but acorn-laden Valley Oak nearest the corner is particularly contested. End 1340. The knoll birds (♂564, ♀NB) in control of the knoll roost tree, as well 20 Nov Just when I think all the confusion at the Y is over, I find out otherwise. Watching here 0930-1130 I find ① All 4 "usuals" in the lower barn locusts, ♀668, ♂669

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1991 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes Formicivorus Y (20 Nov) And the 2 RNB. What's more, ♂402 was here from 0930-1000, storing acorns! However, at 1015 or so I saw a bird make a continuous flight from the locusts to School Hill Field, and when I watched the locusts again, ♂402 was absent while the other 4 birds were still actively storing acorns. Many acorns are now most acorns harvested from the very visible i- the granary, big corner live oak. Meanwhile, on the Knoll, we have ♂564 of 1800, along with two unbanded ♀♀, most certainly separate from the Y birds. In fact, there are two stored acorns in the fallen tree on the Knoll, and I saw these 3 birds poking around with acorns at several other spots on the knoll. Also, ♂564, at least one of the UBG's were excavating a hole just below the east-facing blue oak hole on the Knoll. Could we have a new group forming up here? If so, the temptation to call them the "knoll Set" might be irresistible. I'll have to keep an eye on things here. 23Nov 9695 M/Mauve back with ♂564 and the 2 RNB in the Knoll area, 0930. At 1100, after seeing ♂402 at School Hill (Storing acorns), I find him back at Y, storing acorns! talk about bet-hedging! see SHill notes for this date. 30Nov The "knoll set" is still going strong: 0930, ♂564, 9695, and (a new addition) ♂562 all hanging around the fence line Valley Oak, with at least one ♀NB. At 1000, they were harvesting acorns from the Y live oak loaded with acorns,

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Y (30 Nov) and carrying them to the nearby sycamore. Shortly thereafter, 5 birds (3 1800 birds 2 ♀NB ?) flew up o-to the side of SHILL, on the N rim of the roast hole canyon. I wish I knew what these guys were up to. At the Y proper; I spot a ♀NB, and ♂402 (of course). Can't wait to see what he finally does. 9 Dec Running 2 lett Mist nets, watching here 1100-1300. 4 Birds seen at Y: 2 ♀NB, ♀668 (back!) and ♂669. ♀668 stored 1-2 acorns, and looked quite comfortable here. The 4 birds seemed to be he constantly during the 4 hours I watched, even though ♂669 was on SHILL yesterday. No Sign of ♂402, and no mist net success. As for the "knoll set," there seem to be a bit of activity up here early, but from 12-1 I heard not a peep from the knoll, nor did I see any birds. 15 Dec Running nets 0730, and watching. At the Y Proper I see ♂402 (storing an acorn!), ♂669, and 2 ♀NB. By 0820, still no sign of ♀668. As for the "knoll set", ♂564 and ♀NB, with at least 1 and perhaps two other [illegible] birds around. Also, ♂660 of Plaque intruded at knoll set, and was shagged out by the "residents" (♂564 I think)

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 Hastings Reservation 24Jan Start 1310; ♂493 CBlue/CBlue in the granary as I arrive. I'm going to try to sit without a blind, next to the creek. ♀623 Red/Yellow shows. 1345 Complete census. ♂297 Orange/Yellow-DGreen, ♂492 Or/Bik, ♂622 M/or-Bik, ♀435 metal/Yellow-white. Pretty quiet, actually. end 1410 [illegible] 7 March Start 1110. Complete census, ♀435 Yellow-Bik/Yellow wnt, only one not seen well, everyone else seen very well indeed ♀623, ♂622, ♂493, ♂492, ♂297. The good news is that the old nest hole appears to be free of bees. Coopers Hawk call, a few birds went to the hole, and went in. Perhaps we ought to clean it out so they'll nest there. Also saw ♂297 take a peek at a hole (or hole start) in the granary low horizontal limb that points toward the 2° tree. Lots of flycatching today. Warm+sunny. End 1218. 4April Start 1120. 1222, ♂kestrel captures skink(?) (slimy lizard with lateral stripe, poured from 1500° granary. Given to ♀kestrell, she eats it. ♂got in a few pecks. Lizard Tail still writhing at 1235. End 1110. ♂297, ♂435, ♂492, ♂622, ♀623 all seen well + repeatedly. ♂493 is missing, certainly doesn't look like a nest will be immediately forthcoming. ♂297 seemed un-concerned as to whereabouts of ♀ ♂297 looked once in the 1979 nest hole, and once in the granary low limb holes. Nobody ever flew back or forth to School Hill.

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus 2 1500 Hastings Reservation 11 April I swing by here at 1400, and I find ♂297 and 2 other ♂♂ in the tree (Valley Oak) closest to the tree house tree. The other 2 males fly off, but ♂297 continues to work some food item for ½ hour, When he moves it, I see that it's a [illegible] Sceloporus lizard! How about that! End 1425. Can't find anybody else, but since ♂297 is not near the ♀ and seems unconcerned about anything at the moment, I'd guess that nesting is not imminent. 25 April Two weeks later, nesting is pretty darn imminent. At 1715 I flush a bird out of the low hole in the 2° (1979 granary (1979 nest)), and discover leggy (after going back to get the small stepladder). Egg marked #1 and returned. Presumably laid today. Will have to get the egg-laying behavior tomorrow. 26 April Nest check 0930. A 2nd egg, laid this morning, marked #2 and returned. Starting watch 0950 Good watch. ♂297 not following ♀435 in the least; Just what I'd hoped. ♀623 is also here, but not the 3 ♂♂ who have just moved to Blomone. ♂297 was in the nest hole for a few minutes. End 1215 27 April Start 0655. Nobody around. 0720, ♀509 (corn-Orn/Yellow from Gazebo, in the Blue Oak. Mildly supplanted by ♀435. ♂297, in granary, showed no response. 0755, ♀435 leaves nest, probably in nest laying. Other intruders seen here as well. End 0920.

1500 Prenesting (egg-laying behavior) 26 April 1981 0950 nobody 0955 1000 1005 1010 1015 1020 β297 10g | 9435 treehouse 1025 1030 β297 10g | 9435 Blue Oak area E 1035 β297 10g | 9623 S Ridge | 9435 elsewhere 1040 1045 ? 1050 94 S Ridge | 9435 10g I 1055 β297 9435 g | 1100 β297 10g | 9435 9623 S ridge I 1105 β297 10g | 11 11 elsewhere N.I 1110 all 3 g 1115 all 3 g N.E 1120 297 S ridge | β297 10g 1125 β297 g | 9623 Blue Oak | 9435 S ridge 1130 β297 9435 10g | 9623 S ridge (?) 1135 β297 10g | 9435 ravine 1140 β297 10g | 9435 elsewhere N.I 1145 9113 treehouse 1150 β297 10g | 9435 Blue Oak. 1155 β297 20g | 9435 S ridge 1200 β297 in nest | 9623 treehouse | 9435 elsewhere End 27 April 1981 0700 β297 g | 9435 elsewhere 0705 β297 g | 9435 Blue Oak | 0710 β297 g | 9435 S ridge 0715 " 0720 " 0725 " 0730 β297 g | 9435 blue oak 0735 β297 g | 9435 S ridge 0740 0745 ? 0750 ? 0755 β297 g | 9435 nest (?) 0800 β297 g | 9435 Blue Oak 0805 9435 rottree (β297 g 0810 9435 S ridge | β297 g 0815 9435 β297 g | 0820 β297 g | 9435 Ravine

1981 R.L. Mumme 3 Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 (27 April) Nest checked 0945. A new egg, marked #3 and returned. Probably laid about 0745 or so. 28 April Nest checked 1800. Egg #4, laid today, marked and returned. Eggs warm. Incubation probably in progress. 29 April Nest check 1600. Egg #5, laid today, marked 3 May Nest check 1230 6 eggs! The sixth probably laid 30 April, or conceivably 1 May. #6 still looked fairly fresh. (1) 25.0 x 19.7 (25 April) (2) 25.2 x 20.3 (26 April) (3) 24.3 x 20.2 (27 April) (4) 24.5 x 20.1 (28 April) (5) 24.6 x 19.8 (29 April) (6) 24.7 x 19.6 (30 April) (or 1 May) 11 May Nest checked 1530 All 6 eggs have hatched. ① Blue back stripe 14.5g ② Blue Rwing & heel 13.3g ③ Blue L wing & heel 11.0g ④ Green R flank 9.8g ⑤ Unmarked 4.5g ⑥ runt (green all over) not weighed All hatched by 12th day after clutch completion. I would bet that at most only 4 of these guys will make it. 17 may Nestcheck 1330. Sorry to report that not a trace of the food coloring marks is still visible after 6 days Anyway 4 nestlings: I'm sure that the 2 really

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1981 R.C. Munn Melanerpes formicivorus 4 1500 (17 may) Small ones of 11 may were the two that disappeared. Left leg Red-Or (defective 3rd toetail (claw)) 34.0 g Manue-BLK 42.0 g L Green - Or 36.5 g Not banded 25.3 g All 4 should Fledge, I would think. 28 May Routine nest watch 1010-1210. However, ♂622, who was certainly at Blom One 26 may, was here helping at the nest!! 5 trips, feeding young, wakaiing with ♂297, etc., His days at Blomone may be over. 8 June Photo session here in the afternoon. All 4 adults 500 feeding nestlings. 18 Aug Start 1050. 1215, Lots of news! The first bird I find here turns out to be ♀601 Green/Yellow Metal/ wnt-Lgreen of Gate. She looks like she belongs here all right, although I did see her open-wing waka with ♂297 Yellow≠Dgra/Or. Looks bad for ♀435. She must have died during mid July (last seen 3 July). Also, Juv 676 (still in Juv. plumage) here, but I was sure I saw ♂297 chasing a juv around the Blue Oak flycatch perch tree, where are the other Juvs and ♂622 at ♀623,? What about J678, seen at Blom 2 4Aug? Was his movement over there precipitated by the new ♀ arrival here? End 1310. Only those 3 birds seen. In fact, I saw 3 fly off way downstream along Big Creek, toward Horsetail, and I got no other hint of anybody else nearby. Note. I saw ♀601 at Gate on 16 July, so I suspect she moved about 1 Aug ± 2 weeks.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 22Aug A quick pass here 1230, only ♂297 or /yellow-Dgreen-ad L6rn/Yellow in evidence. See Blom1 notes from 20 Aug. 1Sept Looking here 1600. It looks like 4 birds are around now. L6rn/Yellow Definitely ♀601 metal/white-green, ♂297 or/yellow-Dgreen and J676, starting to look very much like a ♂ (DBlue-wht/Bix-wht) also, the 4th bird may have been J675 Grn-wht/Dan 14Sept I see 4 birds in the BlueOak knoll tree, one of which was DBlue-wht/Blk-white which was at the Blom cattle pond moments earlier. 0806. Also at the Blomone knoll, → J677 m/DBlue-yellow (N) in ♂ plumage! 30Sept Watch r granary census here, 1100-1300 data on reverse, Well, more changes. ♂297 + ♀601 here all right, but ♂622 Bix-O/Bix seen at Blom1 on 14 Sept, is back here at 1500! So indeed are Juvs ♂677 m/DBlue-yellow (N) and Juvs 675 DBlue-wht/Bix-wht both apparently starting to molt into ♀ plumage! Maybe I've been jumping the gun about sexing juvs this year. Storing has begun! I saw ♂622 store 3 acorns, but no one else. Obviously, not in earnest yet. There seems to be a bit of intergroup tension, but for the most part ♀601 looks remarkably tolerant of the 2 ♀ (?) Juvis. All 3 were seen on a branch together, and though I did see ♀601 give one of the 2 Juvs a mild peck, it certainly didn't look serious This means only Juv 678 not accounted for. Is he dead, or still hanging around Blomone or Blom2

1500 granary census 30 Sept 1981 1100 - 1300 1100 g nobody | ♂J677 BlueOak 05 J622 J297 10g | 10 J622 15 J9675 g others | J622 BO 20 J9675 y | J622 BO detense 25 J622 297 | J601 J675,676 BO 30 J622 2g | 35 nobody g| J601 J675,676 BO 40 J676,677, 10g | 45 J601 J675 J622 J677,J297 810 | J676 2g 50 all but J297 10g | 55 everybody 10g 1200 everybody 10g 1205 J297 10g 10 J297 10g 15 J297 J622 10g | 20 J297 810g 25 J622 10g 30 J622 10g 1405 Flicker 2g J622 chaord 3 1410 Flicker 20 Blue Oak J9676 1255 unid. passerine 10g J622 Storage J622 111 35 nobody 40 J622 10g 45 J297 J601 10g 50 J622 J676 10g 55 J622 J676 10g 1300 J677 10g

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 * 6 Oct Time for a group update, ♀435 is gone, last seen on 3 July (by Mary Peacock). She was certainly gone by 18 Aug, where I watched and found ♂601 there, so I would say ♀435 disappeared 24 July ± 2 weeks. Same situation for ♂623. It's unclear whether she disappeared along with ♂435 (both killed at a roost hole, perhaps?) or ♂435 disappeared, first, and the subsequent arrival of ♂601 precipitated ♂523's departure. At any rate, ♂623 has not been seen since, so ♂623 disappeared 24 July ± 2 weeks. ♂601 was still present at Gate on 16 July, but was first seen at 1500 on 18 Aug, and already looked quite "comfortable" with ♂297, so ♂601 immigrated as adult on 2 Aug ± 2 weeks ♂622 is a problem. He very definitely moved to Blom-1 about 20 July ± 2 weeks. He was at 1500 3 July, at Blom 1 definitely or 20 Aug (and probably 4 Aug as well). He was still at Blom 1 on 14 Sept, then seen back at 1500 on 30 Sept, so ♂622 returned ** 22 Sept ± 1 week. 17 Oct ♂601 and ♂676 at Y. 21 Nov Good complete census here, 1045-1115. ♂297, ♂622, ♂601, ♂675, ♂676, ♂677 all seen well. Lots of storing activity in both the knoll blue oak and the 2° g. No storing seen in the 1° grassy. 8 Dec Counted stores, 1500: 2° grassy 320 TOTAL 2020 Main 1700

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1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 Heatings Reservation 13 Jan Start 1240. granary census on back. ♀193 DBlue-LPink/OPBlue Black/LGreen ♂561 Yellow-BK/m wat-LGreen/White-LGreen ♂476 Yellow/BK ♂562 ♂564 Metal/Red-BLK ♀565 wat/LBlue all see right away. Very warm, sunny day, birds flycatching. 1340 ♂347 shows up, LPink-DBlue/LPink Metal so that makes a complete census, presuming, ♂563 is indeed dead, 1345 ♂565 chatters vociferously, not sure why, ♂? nearby. A small storage limb (20 holes at mat) seems to be missing. I'll check the ground underneath the granary. End 1440. 11 Feb Start 1200 granary census on back. 1305, ♀NB intruder, mildly chased by ♂565. Intruder in top of granary 1320 Big alarm call scare, birds fly to holes in granary VO. One bird "frozen" to underside of Blue Oak 50 m N. No activity for 20 minutes, then big bout of rabbits, then flying to each other, wakas. "All Clear" at 1340. Then at 1347, another dash to the holes, and again I don't see the problem. 1354, no rabbits. At least 3 birds were in holes this time. Only one emerges. ♂564 is conspicuously absent. ♂476, ♂347 ♀193, ♂561, ♂562, ♀565 all see well repeatedly. I suspect that ♂564 may be gone. I suppose he could still be here, but unlikely. End 1400; 17 March Start 1310, granary census. Good watch here, ♂476, ♀193, ♂347, ♂561 ♂562, ♀565 all seen well on numerous occasions. Also, it looks like ♂564 is here after all, or at least somebody with Metal/BLK which was what I read

13 Jan 1981 1800 granary census 1240 nobody 1245 Q193 1250 Q193 + 8476 1255 8476 Q565 1300 8476 Q193 8562 [illegible] 8564 1305 8476 Q193 8562 1310 8562 1315 nobody 1320 " 1325 " 1330 " 1335 " 1340 8347 Q193 1345 Q565 Q193 8564 1350 Q565 1355 nobody 1400 " 1405 " 1410 8347 Q562 8564 others 1415 Q193 Q565 8564 1420 Q193 Q565 8564 8562 8? 1425 Q193 Q565 8564 8562 8? 1430 Q193 Q565 8562 8? 1435 Q193 8476 8562 8564 8? 1440 Q193 8476 8564 8 11 Feb 1981 1800 granary census 1200 nobody 1205 " 1210 Q193 8562 1215 Q193 1220 Q193 8562 8? 1225 Q193 8562 8347 8561 1230 8476 8347 1235 8347 8561 Q565 1240 8476 Q193 Q565 8561 1245 Q193 8562 1250 Q193 8562 others 1255 8347 8476 8561 8562 1300 Q193 8476 1305 8347 Q565 1310 8561 1315 8347 8476 8562 1320 8561 8476 others 1325 Alarm call scare, birds in granary roost holes 1330 " 1335 " 1800 granary census 17 March 1981 1310 Q193 1315 Q193 1320 Q193 1325 nobody 1330 nobody 1335 " 1340 Q193 8561 1345 Q565 Q193 8562 1350 Q193 Q565 8562 [illegible] 8561 1355 Q193 Q565, [illegible] 8561, 8 1400 Q193 Q565 8561 8 1405 Q565 8561 8 1410 8476 Q565 8561 1415 8476 1420 Q193 Q565 8347 8564 1425 Q193 Q565 8347 8564 1430 Q193 8347 8564 Q565 1435 Q565 8347 8564 1440 Q565 8347 1445 8347 Q565 1450 Q193 8347 1455 8347 Q193 1500 8347 8476 Q193 1505 8347 8476 Q193 1510 ""

1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 Hastings Reservation 11 April Start 1225 as Walter, Steve & Natalie Emmer, & F walked up, a bird was at the nest hole. 1240, ♂476 shows up alone. I suspect either these guys aren't ready to nest, or they already have one. Very little action here. End 1345. 20 April Start 1625. 1655, Nothing! Birds originally over toward 1500 metal/Bk-Red then walked down by Big Creek. end, ♂564 seen, but that's all. Later, birds on 5ft below 5ft trees! 22 April Start 1530. Again, little action 1550, ♂193, ♂347 ♂476 show up, and [illegible] 9/193, along with ♂564, actually sapsuckers from the live oak beneath me at the watching spot. ♂193 flew off toward the 2° grove after awhile, ♂476 followed, ♂347 did not. Suspect that they aren't ready yet. No interest in the usual nest hole. 1630, ♂562 sapsucking too. End watch. 26 April Start 1430. Both ♂♂ now seen to be following the ♀ in earnest. By 1640, though, I've still yet to see anybody take a peek at the nest hole. 13 birds flew off couple of times toward trees. Going to look there. 27 April Start 0830, watching from Pearson field. Earlier while watching at 1500, I saw several birds going in and out of the hole in the short broken stub on the S side of the tree. Hole faces Big Creek. 0930, Not getting anything done, Can't read bands from here. No more interest seen in that hole. Doesn't look really serious yet, but I should watch here tomorrow afternoon. Looks like ♂♂ are still following ♀♀. 28 April Start 1600 from usual spot above the grove.)

26 April 1981 1800 Pre nesting behavior Q 193 1445 1450 1455 1500 05 core 3 g | 10 " | NI | 15 8 561 g 0 20 8 561 g NI 25 " | 30 core 3 g others | NI 35 " | 40 core 3 g | NI 45 " | 50 " | 55 " | 1600 Core 3 8 562 g | NI 1605 8 561 562 9 193 snap tree 8 347 476 9 565 19g | 1610 all 8 members g | NI | 1615 " . . . . . . NI | 1620 " . . . . . . | 1625 Lots of birds 1630 ? 1635 ? 1640 core 3, lother g | 27 April 1981

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 3 1800 28 April Start 1500. ♂♂ very tightly following ♀ 193. Also saw a nice mounting between ♂478 + ♂347, about 1625. No aggression, pecking, etc. as they mounted each other briefly (< 1sec). Couldn't catch who mounted who first. Occurred on horizontal branch or very top of granary. Complete census: ♂561, ♂562, ♂564, ♀565 all seen quite well. 1700, another ♂♂ mounting. After flying back to the granary, the 2 ♂ loaded next to each other on horizontal branch near the top of tiny granary. ♂478 made a feeble attempt to mount ♂347, but did little more than to "rubbing". ♂347 then fully mounted (for about 1sec) ♂473. No pecking or aggression. End 1710. 29 April Start 1645, 1735, wow, a real copulation, between the two ♂♂, ♂478 + ♂347. The core 3 flew out of the sap tree, to the granary. ♂347 + ♂473 loaded together on a horizontal limb. ♂478 then mounted ♂347 briefly, then ♂347 gave ♂478 what appeared to be a full-fledged copulation; Bizarre. Good cloacal contact 4-5sec duration, tail twist. Talk about kinky sex. I've seen a couple of other ♂-♂ mounting today, but nothing like that. 1900, ♂478 "gets screwed" by ♂347 in the same circumstances, Very strange. 1810. Another ♂-♂ copulation. This time ♂476 initiated by flying to the side of ♂347. 347 mounted briefly, the 476 "copulated" with 347, although it was of less duration (about 2 seconds) than the previous. ♂1842 ditto

1800 Prenesting 28 April 1981 1500 δ561♂ g | NI - 1505 " | NI - 10 "? | NI - 15 " | NI - 20 (core3 δ562g) | NI - 25 " | NI - 30 δ476 | NI - 35 core3 others g | NI - 40 Core3 sap tree | NI - 45 core3 +others g | NI - 50 9564 δ564 9565 g |core elsewhere - 55 ? | NI - 1600 δ561 9565 g | core elsewhere - 1605 δ564 others g | NI - 10 δ564 others g | NI - 15 (core3 δ564 others (?))g | NI - 20 core3 δ564 9565 g | NI - 25 " | NI - 30 core3 g δ561 9565g | NI - 35 (core3 others g) | NI - 40 9565 δ564g | core elsewhere - 45 δ561 δ564 g | (other?) core elsewhere - 50 core3 9565 δ561 g | NI - 55 " | NI - 1700 " | NI - 29 April 1981 1800 prenesting behavior 1640 core3 δ562 g | NI - 1645 core3 sap tree, others g | NI - 1650 core3 δ562 δ564 sap tree | NI - 1655 core3 g | NI - 1700 core3 2og | δ564sap | NI - 05 δ564g | core elsewhere - 10 δ564δ562 sap tree | core elsewhere - 15 core3 δ562 g, δ564sap tree | NI - 20 core3 others g | NI - 25 core3 9565 near g | NI - 30 " | NI - 35 core3 δ562 sap tree | NI - 40 ? | NI - 45 δ564sap tree othersg | NI - 50 core3 others g | NI - 55 " | NI - 1800 " | NI - 05 " | NI - 10 " | NI - 15 core3 g | NI - 20 " | NI - 25 " | NI - 30 " | NI -

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 4 1800 (29 April) Many more ♂-♂ copulations + mountings occurred before roosting. I'd say 10 total for the afternoon. ♂347 seemed more intent on screwing ♂476 than vice versa. Never saw any aggression between ♂♂, or mounting of the female. 3 May Watching from the lane 1130. Lots of action in the broken-stub hole on the S side of the granary (hole facing Big Creek). At least 3 birds in together on one occasion. Birds may or may not have laid yet. Watching from usual spot above granary 1610. ♂♂ still hot for following the ♀. No ♂-♂ mountings seen today though. Lots of action around the broken stub hole. I really should peep in there tomorrow. End 1730. 4 May Checked the stub hole here with the peeper. No eggs yet. These guys are going to be like Gate + Rd 3, keeping us waiting. 5 May Hole check at 1400. Still nothing 6 May Well, checked the stub hole with the peeper at 1500 and Legg! Laid today, without doubt. Will have to open soon 7 May Hole checked + opened at 1330. 2 eggs, another one laid this morning. Two eggs numbered 1+2, but this does not correspond to known laying sequence. Watching 1555. 1645, core 3, 9565, + others in top of granary when ♂561 flew from sap tree to the branch right next to ♀193. ♂476 immediately flew over and started

3 May 1981 1800 Pre nesting 1710 nobody ' ' ↓ 1740 core 3 sap tree | NI - both ββ follow 44T (5) 1745 " " " | NI - FTF (O) 1750 core 3 β561 β564 g | NI - MAF (O) 1755 ? 1700 ? 1705 core 3 β561, β562 β564 g | NI 1710 " " g NI 1715 core 3g I ββ561,562,564 NI g | 1720 all but β565 g NI 1725 " " NI 7 May 1981 1800 Egg-laying 1555 core 3 others g 1600 core 3 sap | others g 1605 core 3 β561g | β562 sap 1610 core 3g | β561 sap NI 1615 core 3g | NI 1620 core 3 β561 sridge area | 1625 nobody 1630 β561 g | core elsewhere 1635 core 3 β561 β565g | NI 1640 " " " | +others g | NI | 1645 " " " | NI | 1650 ? 1655 β561 g | β564 sap (core elsewhere) - 1735 core 3 sap NI 1740 " " " 1745 core 3 β565 β562 g 1750 " " " | g NI 1755 core 3 others g | I 1800 β561g | core 3 sridge 1805 core 3g NI 1810 ? 1815 ? 1820 β561, others g | core elsewhere - 1825 β561β564 g | 1830 core 3 sap | others g (β561,β564) - 1835 β561, others sap | core 3 elsewhere - 1840 core 3 nest area, others g 1845 ? 1850 core 3 sap 1865 1900 9193 F FTF MAF both δδ (15) 44T 44T 44T (O) δ476 δ347

1931 R.C. rumme melanerpes formicivorus 1800 (7 May) to peck hard at the head of ♂561. Then ♂476 hitched up the branch, and I'm fairly sure (not positive) that he gave ♂347 a quick peck to the head. I definitely saw ♂347's head turned away in the usual subordinate manner. On toward roosting, I saw a pair of good ♂-♂ copulations. On one, ♂347 lightly mounted ♂476, then ♂476 gave him a good, 4-5 sec tail twist "copulation". Saw the same sort of thing a bit later, but I couldn't see who initiated. At roosting, the "packing" by the core 3 was extreme. Very tight, but I couldn't see any evidence of mounting of the ♀, dominance, etc. 9 May a peep-in hole check at 1145. 4 eggs, so ♀193 laid both yesterday and today. A ♀ (presumed ♀193) was in the hole when I arrived. 10 May Hole check 1700. 4 eggs, so clutch complete as of 9 May. Expected Hatching: 20-21 May. Hole Opened, eggs measured. ① [illegible] 24.1 x 19.5 ② 23.4 x 18.7 (failed to hatch) ③ Fucked up 24.3 x 19.5. Air cell in middle of egg, weird calcium chip on surface of egg over the air cell ④ 24.0 x 19.0 (Freshest looking, probably last laid) → Roosting, pretty sure it was ♂476 alone. A 2nd bird ♀ looked in 'till quite late, but then flew off 18 May Roosting again. Pretty sure it was ♂476 alone. I think I saw Black, or definitely no metal on the left leg.

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1981 R.L. Mumme 6 Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 19 may Nest check 1600. Only 3 eggs! Once again, an egg mysteriously disappears from the nest at about the time of hatching. I heard peepings from the other 3 eggs, so I'll bet hatching will be tomorrow. 20 may Roosting, and a switch! One ♂ was in the hole, looking out, and ♂347 (certain I saw the metal lower left) came and entered as well. I waited quite late to see if anyone would fly out, but no one did. Thus, ♂476 and ♂347 both roasted in the nest 21 may Nest check 1130. 2 eggs have hatched, 1 egg not yet hatched. 23 may Another nest check, 0900. 2 babies, 1 u-hatched egg (#2) removed. Perhaps the egg that disappeared was #3, the egg with the bizarre "central" air cell. I should have opened the nest than to find out. However, I don't think it could have produced a normal nestling, so it probably was the one that disappeared 24 may Roosting. One bird roasted, and judging by the fact that I couldn't see anything on its leg, I would guess that ♂476 roasted. (I should have been able to see the metal if ♂347 roasted. 25 may (♂562 seen at Low Hay) Roosting, ♂476 alone again. 26 may ♂561, ♂562, ♀565 intruding at Blow one, 1010. Nest check 1200, 2 healthy babies ① BPar-wht (N) 26.0 g ② NB 19.5 g Had trouble getting the babies out. I really should have made the cut quite a bit bigger

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1981 R.C. Munne 7 Melanerpes formisivorus 1800 27may Roosting. ♂347 metal was at the hole looking in when I arrived at 1930. At 1940, ♂476 landed to the left of ♂347 ad ♂476 entered. ♂347 then flew off, meaning ♂476 roosted alone. 8June Roosting. A ♂ not 476 or ♂347 was looking out when I arrived. Very late ♂476 arrived, but the bird is the hole did not fly out for several seconds. Finally, ♂476 gave the other bird a peck on the head. It exited, and ♂476 roosted alone. 10June Banding 1700. Banded nestling becomes Red/Blue-Red (Manne nestling) 11June After all day nest watch, ♂476 roosted 20June Watching here for Fledglings, 1645, 1815, very dull, I've seen at least 6 adults, mostly in the 2° area. No sign of the juveniles, no evidence of birds carrying food, etc. Whoops, I find basics still in hole. Whoops! 23June Start watch 1630. Once again, I just can't find the basics. end 1730. Are they still in the hole? Yes! 28June Start 1245, from Pearson Field. A Juv seen flying in out of the hole 1600. Well, both jvus seen, + all adults except ♂347. J695 was keeping a pretty low profile at first, didn't see him until quite late. 30June Watching 1820. Lots of birds in and out of the sap tree, including Orioles and Titmice. ♂ Plus a ♂ Black-headed Grosbeak (!) drinking from the live oak. Both Jvus seen, and a few suspicions that J695 > J696, but nothing definite End 1745

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 2 July Watching for juv down 0830. Success, I think! Pretty sure that I saw J695 peck hard at J696 twice while the birds were together on a limb in the granary. An adult near. I was positive of the identity of the juveniles, but not notably sure that I saw J695 peck at J696. Will try here again End 1030 4 July Here again 0730. Again, one probable J695 7696. I was watching 696 in a valley oats upon the S ridge, when J695 flew in and approached J696 from below. I then saw a 695 squabble, ad 1 bird fly off, and I think it was J696 pecking at J696. Makes more sense, since J695 approached 696, not vice versa. Also think I found a roosthole that I didn't know about, in an open live oak (!) on the south ridge, about ½ way up the trail to the usual watching spot. Watching roosting here while the nest was still active, I remember seeing birds flying in that direction. End 0930. Aug 18 Start above granary 1320. End 1420. Virtually nothing, only Q193 DBlue-CP.K/DBlue in the granary briefly. Not even anybody in the Sap tree. These guys are out of acorns, too. 22 Aug Watching here 1130, Well, J696 Metal/Or-wht in the top of the granary, with a nice white eye and what looks like glossy Oplang. Good! ♂476, ♀193 also appear briefly, but very little activity. End 1230. Whoops, also ♂561 1 Sept Good census here finally 1715-1830. ♂476, ♀193, ♂347 (I was worried about him at first), ♂562, ♂564 ♂565, ♂561 (late) J695, J696. Complete census. What's more,

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1981 R.C. numme Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 1 Sept I'm fairly certain that both J695 + J696 are in full blown ♂ plumage. Geez, isn't anybody going to produce ♀ this year? Interesting, we have almost all ♂ juveniles this year. 30 Sept Watching, 1400. Granary census on back. 1500, giving up. Couldn't see birds well at all today. Only ♂561 yellow/Bik seen at all well, and I watched him store 3 Blue Oak acorns in the hour I watched. Birds also showed a bit of interest in the 81 nest hole and the "Short stub" roost hole, but I don't think it means nest. Whoa, walking out at 1500, I find a ♂ looking out of the "short stub" hole. What's more, he doesn't flush until I climb halfway up the tree. No "baby" noises. Will have to check 1 Oct Watching from Pearson Field 0850, I find a bird in the 1981 nest hole and ♀193 at the hole looking in. Most peculiar. Both leave 0904. 0930, Nothing more, I guess these birds were just fooling around. 15 Oct Trying again, 1400 granary census on back. 1530, Another waste of time. No storing, nothing. Will lump with the 1 hr from 30 Sept, and try in the morning sometime. 17 Oct ♂561, ♀564 and J695 all at Y. J695 is actually a definite ♀ (I goofed). 29 Oct Trying again, 1115. Granary census on back. Yesterday, ♂564 and ♀695 were at Y, but ♂564 is back here today. 1300, almost a complete census: ♂347, ♂476, ♀193, ♂561, ♂562, ♀564, ♀695 all seen well. ⚠️ Only ♂/♀ (J) 696, who was at Y on 19 Oct, not seen. Some storing activity, too. 1 Nov Granary census again, on back at D. 10,

1800 Granary census 30 Sept 1981 1400-1500 60 min 1400 J696, 2others / 05 " " 10 ? (somebody there) 15 9193 + others 20 9193 + others 25 9193 + others 30 35 40 45 50 55 1500 quitting, not seeing birds well enough Storage 8561 (1) (3) (in 60 min) 1800 granary census 15 Oct 1981 1400-1600 1405 nobody- 10 8347 9193 8562 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Forget it 50 55 1500 29 Oct 1981 1150 nobody 20 8347 9193 8562 25 nobody 30 "" 35 8347 8562 8564 40 8561 8564 45 8561 50 8476 9193 8561 55 9193 1200 9193 9695 05 9193 10 9193 8476 8561 15 8561 8476 20 8476 25 nobody 30 8476 35 "" 40 "" 45 9193 5 8561 4tt 4 8476 1111 1 9193 1 2 8562 11 14 7/hr defense 1 Junco 1155 9193 1 Titmouse 1158 9193 1 Titmouse

1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes fornicivorus 1800 (7 Nov) ♀696 Or-wnt/Or-Bk is definitely in ♀ plumage! Good DBlue-Yellow (N)/Yellow 0950, ♀ " " "/metal, intruding here, chased out (vigorously) by ♀193, mildly by ♀696, 1000, The core 3 (♀193, ♂476, ♂347), and the two first year ♀♀ 695+696, all here, but no sign of the 3 helper ♂♂ yet. Could they be at Y (or elsewhere?) 1030, end. ♂561 + ♂562 show up late, only ♂569 not seen 9 Dec 1600, counted stores: fallen limbs, odd trees 290 main granary 620 TOTAL 910

7 Nov 1981 1800 granary census O830 - O30 O830 ♀193 ♀696 35 " " ♀695 ♂476 40 " " " " ♂347 45 " " " " 50 ♀696 55 nobody O400 05 10 15 20 25 30 O135 nobody 40 " 45 " 50 ♀193 ♀696 55 ♀696 1000 ♀696 ♂347 05 " " 10 " " ♂193 15 " " " " 20 " " ♂561 25 " " " " 30 " " NO STORAGE defe-st O950 ♀ ♀193 3 ♀696 1 1020 Jan Several birds 2 ♂562 ♂476 ♂193

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Haystack-Blomquist Hastings Reservation 21 Jan start 0900 granary census on bark. 0955, nobody yet in granary, but I spot ♂173 and ♀484 camped out sapsucking or/blk light/blk in a Valley oak NNW of the granary, ♂173 or/m, ♀484 light/blk Looks unpromising for ♂576. No sign of him. The sapsucking is occurring in the big Poison oak infested Valley Oak~75 m NNW of the granary, on a nearly horizontal limb, upper middle. Plus a branch above that one. End 1115 7 March start 0910. Granary census on bark. ♂173 or/m and ♀484 Teller-Blue/blk here as always. Not much action in the sap tree of 21 Jan, ♀484 there briefly, but that was it. Not much flycatching, either. Working acorns in granary a lot. No sign of ♂576, so he must certainly be dead (1 Jun ± 3 weeks). End 1050 5 April A look here at 0945. ♂173 or/m, ♀484 both here, but a lot of other birds hanging around. Possibly some 1800 birds in the nest tree area, others on top of Haystack, in the many-holed Valley oak, Etc. Doesn't look seriously like a nest anytime soon. ♂173 flew away from the ♀ for one long period, ♀484 did chase two bluebirds away from a cavity in the multi-holed tree in a vertical broken stub in the center of the tree (hole faces granary) 1 High flying Coopers Hawk. End 1030. 24 April Introduced egg (from Plaque birds) into nest hole here, after Mary reported interest in this hole. I also stay around to try to get a picture, but nothing results. Birds (both ♂+♀) came to the hole a lot for a constant war with a pair

21 Jan 1981 Hay Blom granary census 0900 nobody 0905 " 0910 " 0915 " 0920 " 0925 " 0930 " 0935 nobody 0940 " 0945 " 0950 " 0955 " 1000 " 1005 nobody 1010 [illegible] 173 9484 1015 173 1020 173 1025 173 1030 173 1035 173 1040 173 1045 173 1050 173 1055 173 1100 173 7 March 1981 Hay Blom granary census 0905 nobody 0910 nobody 0915 " 0920 " 0925 173 9484 0930 9484 0935 nobody 0940 nobody 0945 173 0950 nobody 0955 173 9484 1000 173 9484 1005 173 1010 nobody 1015 nobody 1020 nobody 1025 " 1030 173 1035 173 1040 173 1045 173 1050 173

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Hay-Blom (24 April) of bluebirds trying to take over the hole. Unfortunately, [illegible] nobody went into the hole, Mary, watching here after I at 1130 left, reported birds going in, but she saw no egg tossed 25 April Hole checked 1000. Egg is gone!! within 24 hours! N = 3, 26 April Introduce egg at 0700. Watching to try to get photo of "egg-tossing". 0900. Windy, Cold. Bagging it. Leaving a plaster egg in the hole. No birds came to nest while I watched, 28 April Nest check 1000. Plaster egg is (of course) gone. N = 4 (5?) Fake egg was heated out within 48 hours. 7 May After hearing from Mary that Hay Blom birds were not going to the usual nest hole, and that she was seeing only one bird at a time, I come up here at 0700 to see if another nest is about. The answer is unfortunately yes! After seeing ♂173 fly from the granary off to the northwest, I walk around ad see him looking out of a hole in a Valley Oak 50 meters due north of the Big Poison Oak patch, Hole faces the granary, and is the lower of two holes that occupy an upper Branch. Hole is located near a fork. I think the tree can be free climbed, with the help of webbing. 3 Aug Looking for Javs here, 0815. May not be easy, as they have very few acorns remaining, 0910, Forget it. ♂173 or/m and ♀494 Brown-or/Bik Yellow-Blue/Bik born here, the ♀ seen in the granary eating stored acorns. No sign of the javs. 19 Aug Trying again 0820. These birds are now definitely out

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Haystack- Blomquist (19 Aug) of acorns. Cool, foggy morning. 0945, Geez, these birds never cease to amaze. I track down the &u birds finally (nobody coming to the granary) at the edge of the field on the Blomquist Ranch, hanging around the spot where the old dead tree has fallen across the hog-wire fence. Who should I find but 9604 Red-wht/BLK and then later, 9523 DBlue-wht/DBlue Geez Louise! They both looked very cozy with 8173, so I have to believe that 9484 bit it 10 August ± 1 week (probably closer to 5 Aug, would be my guess). I very definitely saw 9484 in the granary 3 Aug, and 99523 ad 604 at Low Hay that same day. Now, the 99 look comfortable with 8173, I'd guess that they've been around at least a week. Also, both Juvus seem to be fine (!) J711 LBlue/Red metal / Red-LBlue Seen very well on several occasions and I'm pretty sure (not positive) that I saw J712 as well. If I did, I also got a hint that J711 77 J712, as the latter seemed to wait until J711 left before approaching 8173. Interestingly, I did not see the new 99 attted to or feed J711. Only 8173 was taking any interest in J711. In fact, I saw 9604 peck Lard at juvs at least a couple of times, ad 9523 (I think) once. What do you know, no non-kin altruism. It would be good to tie that down. In fact, that will be extremely important to tie down. Will have to watch again soon here. Also, I found a sep tree; A live oak, of course near (15 meters N) of the fallen fence log. End 1020. 22 Aug Watching here 0750. 0930, confusing watch. 8173, 9523, 9604, and J711 all seen well t.repeatedly. I may yet have to back down on my report of J712. I did not see him well

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1981 R.L. Mumme 4 Melanerpes formicivorus Hay Blom (22 Aug) at all on 19 Aug, and I certainly haven't seen him yet today. Confusion was because of a lot of intruders, including ♂SOI yellow/m LGrn/Yellow of Finch, of all birds. Plus a JUV NB's that seemed to be molting into ♀ plumage, and perhaps a ♂NB as well. I may have seen ♀604 give J711 a little chase in the granary, but with so much confusion with all the intruders, I couldn't be sure. Today, the birds were not hanging out continuously by the Sap tree + hog wire fence, but were moving all over the territory, and even visiting the granary a good bit. Lots of green acorn harvesting from the Blue Oaks at the edge of the field. 20 Sept Watching here 0930. Bill Carner reported a NB bird here a few days ago. Checking it out. 1110, Well, a few noteworthy things. (1) I thought I saw ♀523 in the granary right after I started watching, but now after a couple of hours, I haven't seen her for sure. ♀604, ♂173, and J711 seen well with certainty several times. Is ♀523 gone? Dead, or moved back to Low Hay? Or school Hill even? (2) The birds are excavating (removing wood chips, anyway) from the hole above the 1981 falled 1st nest hole. Do they have a full nest in mind, or is this being cleared up for roosting. Worth keeping an eye on, both for fall + next spring. 1220, over at Low Hay, it looks like ♀523 is here! See Low Hay notes 5 Oct Granary census here, 0800-1000, on beck. A lot of storage activity early, but little later on. Mostly Blue Oak acorns I think, gathered from area toward + beyond the 1981 1st nest tree. ♂173, ♀604, J711 all here. No interest in any holes.

5 October 1981 Hay Blom granary census 0805 nobody 10 ♂173 ♀604 15 J711 20 ♂604 25 J711, one other 30 nobody, (all 3 in nest tree, intruders?) 35 ♂604 ♂173 40 ♂604 ♂173 45 ♂604 ♂173 J711 50 ♂604 ♂173 55 ♂604 ♂173 0900 ♂604 05 ♂604 ♂173 10 ♂604 ♂173 15 ♂604 ♂173 20 ♂604 ♂173 25 ♂604 30 ♂604 ♂173 J711 35 ♂173 40 ♂173 45 ♂173 ♂604 50 ♂173 ♂604 J711 55 J711 1000 ♂173 05 ♂173 storage ♂604 III 8 ♂173 III 8 J711 I 1 17/2hrs. 8.5 per hour 4/hr ♂173 4/hr ♀604 .5/hr J711 defeet 0820 ?NB ♂604 2 0828 Plain Tit not chased eating bits in granary no adults near 0840 Plain Tit ♂173 1 0908 ♂NB ♂173 2 0920 ? Awitruer ? 2 0920 Plain Tit ♂604 2 0923 Scrub Jay ♂173 1 0924 Brown Towhee ? 2 0955 AW?? ? 3

1981 R.L. Mumme 5 Melanerpes formicivorus Haystack - Bloquist **6 Oct** GROUP UPDATE: ♀484 last seen on 3 Aug, clearly gone by 19 August, ♀484 disappeared about 12 Aug ± 1 week. ♀523 + ♀604 both moved here about that same date. However, ♀523 then returned to Low Hay. ♀523 was still at Hay Blom on 22 Aug, but was back at Low Hay on 20 Sept. Thus, ♀523 moved watched group 6 Sept ± 2 weeks. **Purge J712:** Not seen after landing @ 18 July 1 Nov A quick look here 1200-1235. ♂173, ♀604 both see well. The granary is filling up with acorns. J711 also here. 5 Nov Granary census, 1100-1300. Highlight is that J711 is positively in 9 plumage. A bit of storing early but cool, cloudy, slight drizzle may have turned the birds off. 21 Nov Granary census, 1400-1600, on reverse. Complete census, but no storage, even though granary isn't full yet. 1 Dec Trying another granary census, 0830-1030, complete census. Counted Stores: S Branches, Eastside 60 Wside 60 N "", down 80 wside 115 "main" dead limb, E side 40 W 50 Trunk 800 Total 1200 doing pretty well! A real storing frenzy while I was doing the granary census (see reverse) 41 acorns in an hour. At first they were harvesting from the same Live Oaks as last year, along the old Blom fence line (28 sec roundtrip flight time), and later switched to a live oak on the Hastings side, S of the nest tree.

5 Nov 1981 Hay - Blom granary census storage 1st hr | 2nd hr 1105 nobody 1205 nobody 10 " 10 " ♂173 4H | 1 (6) 15 " 15 " ♀604 111 | 3 20 9604♂173 20 " | 2 25 ♂173 25 " 30 ♂173 30 ♂173 35 ♂173 35 ♂173 40 ♂173 40 ♂173 45 ♂173 45 ♂173 9604 50 ♂173 50 ♂173 9604 55 ♂173 55 ♂173 9604 1200 nobody | 1300 " " | 05 ♂173 9604 ♀711 21 Nov 1981 1400-1600 1400 nobody 1505 nobody 05 9604 10 9604 10 9604♂173 15 " 15 " 20 " 20 " 25 " 25 nobody 30 " 30 " 35 " 35 " 40 9604 ♂173 40 all 3 45 " " | 3 cut short 45 9604♂173 50 50 " 55 65 nobody 1600 1500 " 1 Dec 1981 0830-1030 13 sec down WS -- working store 15 sec back S -- Scanning E -- eating acorns P -- preening F -- flycatching 0830 nobody 0935 nobody 35 " 40 9604 ws 40 9604 ws 45 ♀711 ws 45 ♂173,♀711 ws 9604ws 50 ♂173 9604 ws 50 all 3 ws 55 nobody 55 all 3 ws 1000 9604 ws 0900 all 3 ws 05 ♀711 ws 05 ♂173 E; 9604,711 ws 10 nobody 10 all 3 ws 15 9604♂173 ws 15 " " 20 ♂173 ws 20 ♂173 ws 25 9604 E 25 [illegible] ws 30 all 3 ws 30 9604 E | 1st | 2nd | ♂173 | 4H, 4H, 4H 11 | ♀604 | 4H, 4H, 4H 1 | ♀711 | 111, 111 | | O | 21 | 20 | 1/2 hr | 1/2 hr | 20.5/hr

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack Hastings Reservation 8 Jan Start 0945. Granary census on back. √588 + 589 have not been seen here since October. 1145, cad watch. ♂307 or ♀ 461 Metal/Blu--wht ♀515 Dbn/Yellow ♂587 Metal / Wht-Blk/Bpkr Black all seen very well indeed. Looks bad for √588 + 589, although I first thought I got a very quick glimpse of ♂588. In retrospect, I was probably mistaken. Subsequently I saw the 4 birds several times on different occasions. Birds aren't coming to the granary much. All 4 were seen at one time or the other pounding on the bark of the "Black Bark" Blue Oak on the side of far tortuga facing the granary. It seemed like they were refurbishing the sap holes, as opposed to actually drinking sap. 10 Feb Start 1310. I believe I flush four birds out at the start. Granary census on back. ♀515 Dbn/Yellow, ♂307 Orange R, ♂461 Dblue-wht/LBlue white all show up at granary. Later, ♀587 Wht-Blk/Bpkr-Blk. 1400 ♂307 sapsucking from Black Bark Blue oak. Complete census, end 1515 ♀515 doing a lot of granary work. Perhaps drilling holes? (5 minor more) Long periods of pecking at the same storage hole, 17 March Start 1055, granary census on back. Noon, ♀587, ♂307, ♂461 fly across to dry tortuga, drink from a rain well in a Blue Oak 100-120 m NW of granary. ♂307 then flies to Sap tree (see 8 Jan) ♀515 did not fly off to drink with others, remained in granary. 1207, all 4 birds in saptree 1255 end, ♂307, ♂461, ♀515, ♀587 all seen well. ♀515 showing some interest in the double entrance granary hole. No following of ♀ yet, either

8 Jan 1981 Low Hay granary census 0945 nobody 0950 " 0955 " 1000 " 1005 " 1010 " 1015 " 1020 " 1025 " 1030 9515 9587 9588 1035 nobody 1040 " 1045 " 1050 nobody 1055 " 1100 9307 9461 9515 9587 1105 " " " " 1110 " " " " 1115 9515 1120 nobody 1125 " 1130 " 1135 " 1140 9367 9461 9587 1145 9461 9515 9587 9307 7/25 attendance (poor) 10 Feb 1981 Low Hay granary census 1315 nobody * 1320 " 1325 " 1330 " 1335 9307 9515 1340 9307 9515 9461 1345 " " " 1350 9307 9515 9461 9587 1355 " " " 1400 " 1405 9515 only 1410 " 1415 9515 9461 1420 mmw 9461 9307 1425 nobody 1430 9515 1435 " 1440 " 1445 " 1450 9515 9461 9307 1455 9515 9587 9307 1500 9515 9587 9307 1505 " 1510 9515 9587 9307 9461 1515 " 17 March 1981 Low Hay granary census 1055 nobody 1100 nobody 1105 " 1110 " 1115 " 1120 " 1125 " 1130 " 1135 " 1140 " 1145 9461 1150 9461 9515 1155 9461 9515 9587 1200 9307 9461 9515 9587 1205 9515 1210 nobody (all 4 bins in saptree) 1215 " 1220 " 1225 9515 1230 9515 1235 9515 1240 9461 9515 1245 9307 9515 9461 1250 " 1255 "

1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes Formicivorus Low Hay 4 April Start 1345. 1405, ♀523 Dblue/u-DBlue from S Hill sneaks into the granary while ♂307, ♂461, ♀587 Sapsucking. Immediately upon lading in the granary, all three residents fly over, and a ♀ ark (crest raise) chases ♀523 out. I have yet to see ♀515. Interesting how quickly the residents responded to ♀523. They were in the sap tree 80 meters N of the granary. Could they have recognized ♀523 as an intruder that quickly? 1509 1440 ♀523 is back, this time flycatching from the tree from where I watch, the Valley Oak 75m east & uphill of the granary. After a few flycatch sorties, ♀587 flies up and gives a mild chase. ♂307 was in the [illegible], In granary too, but he did nothing. ♀523 flies to the top of Haystack Hill, then garricks at 1506. garricks again at 1508, from very top of haystack. ♀587 remain perched in the tree near me. ♀515 is undoubtedly gone, disappeared on 25 March ± 1 week (last seen 17 March). 1512 Revolution! ♀587 chases another bird from granary, ♀523 joins. Yesirree, ♀509 from Gazebo (Cran-Dom / Yellow) here too, perched for a long time in the tree near me, with ♂461 even 1530, some still garricks on top, (♀523 likely?). Also saw an UBY I think chased by ♂309, but not positive. 1540, ♂461, ♀509 in tree near me, ♀587, ♂307 in granary, and ♀523 (presumed) on top of Haystack. ♀557 Very Friedly, wakding a lot to 307, even or a flycatch sortie

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay Low Hay (4 April) ♀509 doing sonedrumming. Saw ♀587 drum once in the granary. 1545, a real fall at the moment: 1555, 2 inexplicable, ♂461 starts to tussle with ♀509, after sitting "with" her for quite some time. This attracted ♀587 from the granary, who gave violent chase. Then, all resident birds in the granary, waking, etc. ♀587 open wings, tail lifts as well. Intruders seem to have been temporarily routed from the scene. End 1600. Score Round 1 to ♀587. 5 April 1035, Revolution in full swing. ♀523, ♀509, 3 NBQQ here 2 NBQ seem to be cooperating. ♀523 is peripheral (broken tree SE of granary) as is ♀509 (2° granary). At least 4 x pursuits 5 ♀NB. One peripheral on the utility pole. Peripheral birds (♀523, ♀NB) do all the garricking. One big "to the ground tussle" I try to run up to capture them, but they take off just in time. On the ground about 1 min. 1118, ♀587 does all the chasing in the granary. In the 2° granary, ♀509 has a little sidechon with a ♀NB. ♂307 does a bit of chasing, especially it seems when on storage limbs, the 2 NBQQ that are cooperating seem to chase peripheral ♀Q, but themselves are being chased by 1300, a long fall to set up mistnets, ♀587 captured. ♀523, ♀509 still around, but doesn't seem like a pair of cooperating females anymore. 1400, Pause after catching ♀523 in the net. 1500, 1600 Caught 2 NBQQ, [illegible] Before catching the second one (♂642), we had seen rowings between

5 April 1981 Low Hay PS 3 residents, 5-6 intruders 1 min Sample wakas garricks drums caches turks ① 1105 75 4 2 0 ② 1110 35 7 2 0 ③ 1112 65 6 3 0 ④ 1117 110 0 0 4 ⑤ 1120 110 0 0 4 ⑥ 1125 0 2 4 3 ⑦ 1304 54 0 2 0 ⑧ 1307 34 0 1 0 ⑨ 1320 34 0 1 9 ⑩ 1325 340 0 1 9 ⑪ 1330 0 0 8 ⑫ 1335 0 0 8 ⑬ 1405 45 0 0 0 ⑭ 1405 0 0 3 Sum of First 5 minutes ③ 40 ⑪ ⑨ ④ 3 ⑦ wakas garricks drums caches turks (conservative, overlapping calls) counted as one 5 min, 3 residents, 5-6 intruders, Sampled between 1100 - 1300, 5 April 1981. Low Hay

1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (5 April) 0307 a-d a 9NB. That all ceased after catching 9642. However, she disappeared after release at 1550, odd the revolution reverts to confusion. 9587 still seems to be holding her own, but there are still 2 NB99, 9523, + 9509 around. It looked like the 9 that was mounting with the 08 was ultimately 9642. Hopefully, she will return tomorrow. So at least 6 9 here participating (6 April) 1500 - After an hour of trying to take pictures, then a break to process 9643, I now try to figure out what's going on. Still very active. 9524 (Still) chased around in granary by 0307,0461. 1508, 0307 mounts 9524 in granary. 9524 not being again later chased by anybody. 1515, 9524 looks in charge, chasing everyone else. Where is 9587? I really must have missed something. Walter told me at 1640 that she was still in control of the granary. 9601 from gate garri cts from watch tree. While it was talking photos or fooling with a bird in the net, 9524 must have taken charge. She was chasing 99 all the way over to Far Tortuga. Things really calming down now. 1550, 9587 is still with us, sapsucking and generally hanging out. At 1610 she flies S along the edge of the wooded canyon, stops briefly in the live-oak-encased Valley Oak 50 m W of the granary, then continued on to the supplementary area S of the granary. 9524 must be completely in charge. 9587 was doing a bit of 'warming to herself

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes fornicivorus Low Hay (6 April) like 9522 did at Plague last year, but not nearly as much. While 9587 was in the sap tree, ♂307 + ♂461 flew over. Friendly greeting, no aggression whatsoever. However, 9587 is most certainly avoiding the granary. It's easy to see why; at around 1515, Occasional stray PP that had been peripherally garricking, would attempt to fly to the granary. They never had a chance, as 9524 is a demon. She would pick up the intruders before they got within 50 meters of the granary, and she (with help from ♂461 + ♂307) would chase them incredible distances; Once I saw a victim pursued all the way to Far Tortuga, another east to the crest of the hill 1700, it certainly seems to be all over. ♂461, ♂307, in 9524 in the granary, acting extremely chummy. Only one NB intruder the last hour, rapidly vanquished. ♂ no longer chasing her, 9587 no longer around Questions: ① Exactly what happened to reduce 9587 to the periphery? When I arrived at 1245, Walter said she was still in command. I took photos until 1419, Then a bird in the net, and by 1500 9524 was in charge, 9587 was gone. Whatever happened, it happened fast Point: ① 9523 Did not assist in 9524's victory. Although Walter saw her peripherally earlier today, and I may have seen her in the 2° area (south) at 1500, she hasn't been around at all since. Too bad! Will she join later? 1710, 9587 back in the sap tree. End 1710.

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay 7 April Well, it's not over yet! I see 10 birds flying around when I arrive. well, ♂492 + ♂493 camped out in the secondary granary, 0720. So is ♀601 of Gate ♀587 back in the 1° granary, but not doing any chasing. Hot Damn! All 4 SH ♀♀ are in the 1° granary, chasing other birds. ♂461 right next to ♀523, ♀604, doesn't chase them. ♀623 from 1500 here, being chased in granary. Also ♂562, 1800 in 2° granary. 0745, the SHill ♀♀ have a flm gripon the N side of the 1° granary. The south side seems to be the domain of ♀587, ♀623, ♀NB. The secondary granary has ♂492+493, ♀601, and ♂562 plus a ♂NB lurking about. 0750, ♀587 really whipping upon ♀623 in the S side of the granary. 0803, a new face, ♀565 from 1800, being buffeted around a bit in the N side of the granary, ♀509 seen today as well. 0809, ♀509 chased by ♂307, ♀509 seems to be having the better of a SHill ♀. 0822, ♂492 + ♂493 seem to have retired. 0825, Not so, ♂492 in the top of the 1° granary, now. 0830, 2 ♀NB, a coalition perhaps, peripheral in the broke tree. No aggression. 0840, 1st Cooper's Hawk flies into granary. Complete halt of action.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Itay (7 April) 0900, looks like the SH contingent (all 4!) starting to gain complete control of the 1° granary. ♀♀ have been helping. By no means secure yet, but getting there. ♂492, ♂493 ♀601 still in control of 2° granary, ♀587 not around, I may have seen her chased toward Sap tree by SH ♀♀. 0950 Looking good, the SH 4 are mopping up scattered packets of resistance ♂307, ♂461 also seem to be taking part, ♂367 chases ♂562 out of 2° area. ♀601 still seems to have a claim on the 2° granary, but ♂492 ♂493 seem to be retreating to the ravine. Haveit seen ♀587 in a long time. 1000, ♀509 roundly thrashed by all 4 ♀♀, forced to retire to the broken tree. ♂461 gaining control of 2° granary, although ♀601 is still camped there. 1001 ♀623 also brutally chased into broken tree. 1010, Neat, ♂ orange/orange (♂579 from Rd 1) flios in, ♀♀ organize to chase, come with a few inches of him, "realize" he's a ♂, give karrits, and ♂307 comes over to whup up on him, chasing him out. 1013, ♂461 chases ♂492 out of 2° granary. 1020, Oboy, ♂173 from thay Bica in the 2° granary, being chased around by ♂492. 1025 Another fantastic chase, 2 birds Sedirya third over the top of Itay stack - 1040. ♀601 still in control of 2° granary, but 4 SH ♀♀ are incomplete control of the 1° granary. ♂♂ friendly to both, all ♀♀.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (7 April) Problems remaining are ① 2° granary, with 9601 well established, and 9492 weakly established. 9461 makes occasional forays over there to chase 9492, and sometime the 9. I'm sure they'll gain control soon ② Again where is 9587? I suspect peripheral again, but I'll have to look later All 9P look well coordinated indefface now. The occasional intruder is greeted by 3 or 4 flying 'residents' now. Lots of open-wing marks by the 4 to the 9♂ away themselves. 1100, now a 9NB on the 2° granary as well. Some SH 99 tried to chase them out, without success, 1500 9♂ are in the sap tree. It's not over yet! But 2 SH 99 have complete control of the 1° granary. End 1100. 9307 mounts 9523 in 1° granary, 9461 and a 9 is a big scuffle with 9601 in the 2° granary. Perhaps that will be cleared up soon as well. 8 April Thing ain't over yet 0830, lots of activity, still. Little change Since Yesterday: ① 1° granary in complete control of LH 9♂ + SH 99. ② 2° granary has 9601, 9492 + 9493, plus an unbaated 9 ③ Only new thing, a bit of commotion in the upper Haystack (2°) area. 9601 9♂492+493 maybe defending the 'watch tree' although at 0855 9307 was in it as well. The "Little" also are defending the "broken tree". 0915, a 9NB with a 9 in the 2° area. I even saw a mounting, but that seems quite peripheral. 0930, a 9NB in the sap tree. No sign of 9587

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (8 April) The persistence of the ⚫ 1500 ♂♂ and ♀601 in the 2° granary raises the possibility that they could actually bud off and defend that area. Actually close quarters, but stranger things have happened, I suppose. At the moment, ♂492+♀601 have access to the sap tree (both sapsuck briefly, along with ♂NIB, at 0935. 0945, back at the 2° area, I find ♀587 Another bird (the unbanded ♂) present as well. Were they the birds I saw mounting over here. 1000 a new face in the 2° area, the watch tree, ♀633 LPAK-DB/me /LPAK-DB/me metal from Warp 5, of all places. 1025 ♀623 in the watch tree, too. End 1030. Will the 1500 ♂♂ and ♀601 hang on? Will the Low Hay be ever expand their activities outward from the 1° granary? Tune in tomorrow. 15 April Well, 1 week later, very different. Nobody around as I arrive at 1100. ♂307, ♂461, ♀523, ♀524, ♀604 all see well + repeatedly. But no evidence of ♀602. Also saw ♂461 mildly chase ♀604 3 times in the 1° granary, and ♀524 was chased once. Also bird calling from the 2° area. Still some sapsucking action 20 April Start 1320. 1 ♂ in the sap tree, 1 in granary as I arrive. latter flies to UHay area before I see buds. Windy. 1430, ♂461, ♂307, ♀523, ♀524 metal see well! More evidence of ♂461 chasing some ♀, though he seems on good terms with ♀523. No looking at any holes, yet. A 3rd ♀, Probably [illegible], was also around. No evidence of ♀602 -- again! I'll bet she's gone.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack 22 April Start 1320. 9604 "Red-wnt/B1K" in the 2° (Upper Haystack) area, garriking. The she flies to the "watch" tree, karritts 5-10 times. Definitely not looking great for her. Mary saw her back home at School Hill yesterday. 2 other birds (1a9) in the granary as I arrived, flew off to the 2° area 1410, wandering through the 2° I stumble into 9602 B1K-white B1K-wrt/m karritting from top of the PO-covered Blue Oak near the 2 Valley Oak hole trees + the sap trees (15 meters from 6049) 1445, In the 1° granary for the last ½ hr have been 8307, 8461, 9523, + 9524. All seen pretty friendly. 9602+604 however, are definitely peripheral. Earlier I heard utkts, chatters, &uld and general chasing sound from Far Portuga, once after 9602 had flown over that direction. No interest in any holes, as far as I could tell. Incidentally, the "Tape Hole" in the Valley Oak in the 2° area, has fallen apart. 23 April 9587, of all birds, seen at Gate (see Gate notes). 24 April See SHill notes. 9602 r 9604 "back home" at 1730. Also see Walter's notes. 25 April Start from hide near 2° g 0630. Walter watched here the last two days, when the birds showed interest in the 2 granary holes, plus the Blue Oak hole. 0741, 9524 enters 1979 nest hole briefly (<10seconds). Doesn't go down. Earlier, I can her peek into the 1980 nest hole twice, Never entered. 0800 9524, another long look into the 1980 hole. 0817, Birds off on Far Portuga. Going to look. Back at 0900, 9604 karritting from watch tree (VO 50m uphill of Granary) after being back at SHill last night. Nothing much seen

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (25 April) on Far Tortuga, other than a lot of Black Oak trees I didn't know existed on Haystack. All on the far, north-facing side of F.T. Also, I'm getting the impression that ♂461 is following ♀524, and ♂307 is associating with ♀523. Interesting. 28 April Start watch from blind 0610. Garrickts coming fast & furious from the "watch" tree. A QNB here too, chased ♀, ♂523, ♀524, 0645. A lot of activity at the Blue Oak hole, I think some birds entered. At the same time, there was a big chase I think involving the garricking bird (♀604?) all 4 residents seemed to take part in the chase. 0650, now garrick coming from well back in the 2° area. Residents all seem to be over there as well. 0730 Macaition in the Blue Oak hole, ♀524 enters several times. ♂307 enters at least once. Never stayed long. 0845, ♂307 chased the garricking bird all the way over the top of Haystack. Suggest ♂♂ largely the reason ♀602 + ♀604 didn't stay. Earlier, I thought I saw ♀523 chase the garricker, but I was not sure. 0855 end. going to check nests. 1000. Check both the 1980 nest and the Blue Oak hole. nothing. The Blue Oak hole does not yet have a good bottom. Earlier, I believe I saw ♂461 peeking at ♀523 in the granary. Hope they can patch that up. 29 April Start 0600 from 2° area, watching holes here (0610, ♀604 Red-mat/BIK here, garrickin' dpa storm (one every 2-3

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1961 R.L. Runne Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (29 April) then a big bout of Garricks. 0625, still at it. Moving around the 2° area, now over in the watch tree, where F heard her yesterday 0640, 8307 over here, chasing a bird (I suspect 9604, as yesterday) to the extreme S-E of the old Upper Haystack area. 0730, No garricks since then, 8307 must have done the trick. 0810, 9524 looks into the "root hole" (lower of the 2 valley oaks with holes; hole faces south), does not enter. Also, more garricks from the top of the 2° knoll. End 0830, no-no-action. Ash-throated Flycatchers looked into the distal hole in the Upper Valley Oak, but -- wait a minute 0840, 9604 Red-wnt/81t "" , after peering into the root hole a couple of times, She enters at 0845, Stays until 0850 Still garricks (even a few times while in hole). Enters briefly again when 8307 9524 fly to tree. 0855, all 5 birds Flycatching around the knoll. No chasing that I can see. 0900, whoops, a bird (I think 9604) is chased from the root hole area. End 0910. 4 residents Flycatching here, 9604 garricking off by herself. 30 April Start 0610. Garricks from the watch tree, no doubt 9604 again 0610, 9604 looks into BlueOak hole, garricks Several times while looking in. 0750, 9524 looks in the 1980 nest hole for a few min. does not enter. End 0840. Both 96 have been to the 1980 nest a few times, looking in. Also a few peeks in the 1979 nest by 3461 + another bird. 3-4 times birds flew off toward the root hole, giving me cause for concern about that hole.

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1981 R.C. Mumme 13 Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (30April) 0850, ♀424 looks into Blue Oak hole briefly as I'm about to leave. 1 May 0600, a ♀ in the hole (1980) as I arrive! Uh-Oh. Believe it was ♀523, as I think I saw ♀524 in the broken tree with the other group members. At any rate, the bird looking out had 2 small (double) mustaches, and a small white flag at the right corner of her forehead. I doubt eggs were laid, but you never know. 0615, a bird here Karritting + garricking from the watch tree must be ♀604 again 0830 Checked the '80 hole, nothing. ♀423 + ♀424 both looked into it while I was watching, but nobody entered. 0307 looked at the '79 nest, but did not enter. No action at all in the Blue Oak hole. However, I saw lots of flights over toward the roost hole, so I think I ought to check that out. Couple of points ① Birds seem to be pairing up. ♂461 is definitely following ♀524, and I think ♂307 is keeping tabs on ♀523. Will have to check that out later. ② Still some aggressiveness displayed toward ♀523 by ♂461. Saw 2 instances, once over acorns. The Second instance was at 0830, ♀524 looking into the '80 nest, ♀523 flies over, opening wakas, ♂461 then comes over + pecks hard at ♀523 ~5 times, driving her away from the hole. ♂307 also came over, but I'm not sure what happened after that. ③ ♀604 (presumed) is still around the periphery, garricking etc,

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay 2 May Start from hide 0545. Mary watching simultaneously at the roost hole 0620, 9578 Yellow/whr-cl6,ee, intruding here from Road 1, drumming in the 2° granary. 0630 Yikes, Mary tells me that 9523 entered the roost hole and stayed in about 2 minutes 0700 9562 looks into the Blue Oak hole. 9307 Flies over. All kinds of intruder activity, no doubt because of 9604 constant garricking. 0810, Nothing has happened here, Nobody's bolted at any of the 3 likely holes. See bottom of hole. 3 May Start 0650. Garricks from the watch tree 0629 9523 enters 80 hole. Leaves 0640, Check hole. Hot damn! One egg most Certainly laid 26.4 x 20.3 9523 Blue-unt DBL, Back in hide 0650 0830, 9524 has looked in 3 times since 0630, but has not entered. 0850, Relieved by Walter. Starting watch 1800, after Walter reports 9523's egg thrown out by 9307 (!!!?), Hard to see anything in the afternoon sun. At roosting, it looked like 3 birds were really involved in a tussle of mountings, etc, with a 4th bird (?) left out nearby. 4 May Start watch 0545. Pre-esting on backs. Nobody laid today, so yesterday just a false start. 9461 a hot follower of 9524. 9307 seems to be consorting weakly with 9523. Only highlight was a ferocious chase involving 3 birds (9604, who was garrickling as usual here, perhaps),

3 May 1981 Low Hay pretesting 1805 9524 δ461 g 1810 " " 1815 " " 1820 " " 1825 " all 4 g" 1830 ? 1835 1840 δ461,9g 4 May 1981 Low-Hay pretesting F FTF MAF 0545 all 4 Uhay knoll δ461 ||| III 1 0550 " " |NI 0555 " " |NI δ524 (7) (O) (I) 0600 " " |NI 0605 all 4 g | δ461 1 (I) (I) 0610 " |NI 9523 0615 " |NI δ307 0 (I) (O) 0620 " |NI 0625 ? 0630 ? 0635 ? 0640 δ461 9524g |δ307 watch tree |9523eawere 9524 0645 δ461 9524 |broken tree 0650 ? 0655 δ461 9524g |9523 δ307 Uhay knoll |NI δ307 III 1 0700 " " |NI 3 (I) (O) 0705 δ461 9524g |NI 0710 all 4 g |NI 0715 " |NI 0720 δ461 9524 watch |δ307 Uhay knoll |9523 broken 0725 all 4 Knoll 0730 δ461 9524 knoll | 0735 ? 0740 9523g |others knoll 0745 all 4 g | 0750 " |NI 0755 " |NI 0800 ? 0805 all 4 Tortuga 0810 all 4 g 0815 0820 end watch 0545 - 0815 150 min

1981 R.L. mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay 8 May Start watch from hide 0600 0727, 9524 enters '80 nest hole. 0731 she leaves. 9524 appeared to have a large abdominal bulge. Mary reported that she entered the roost hole at 0615. Fn again 0746, out by 0749. 0800, I check 1980 hole. Ellie Empty, so 9524 did not lay. However, at 0845 I finally get up to the roost hole and find 1 raut egg, 19.3 x 15.5 mm. Unfortunately, I crack the shell trying to get it out of that very, very deep hole. A very bizarre raut, as the air cell was located in the middle of the egg, rather than at the blunt end. That was where I cracked the egg, anyway. Actually, I'm not altogether sure I cracked it, since it seemed like a puncture wound through the air cell rather than a crush. Anyway, trying to get the egg back in the hole, I totally destroy it. Interestingly, this particular raut had a complete, normal looking yolk. It had just the thinnest layer of albumen to go along with it. I go back down the hill, inject plaster into our raut in the collection, bring it up and place it in the "nest". The bottom of the roost hole is very strange. No good wood chips, but a good bit of gunked-together sawdust. Very damp. Very surprising that 9524 would lay her egg there. Walter watches hole 1030 Points ① 9524 may have been "forced" to dump her egg off there. I was unable to get the movie camera working, and was fooling around with it until 0610

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1981 R.L. Mumme 16 Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (8 may) or so. And why would she return back and enter the 1980 hole twice later if she had really wanted to lay there? Nobody (except 9604) has shown the slightest interest in that hole in the last few days. Did my disturbance at the graveyard force her to lay there? ② A remote possibility is that 9604 laid the egg yesterday (see Byron's notes), since we didn't check the hole then. Not likely ③ I wonder if 9523 is ready to lay yet? She has not looked at a hole in the last couple of days (to my knowledge) This may prove to be another false start. Mary said that 9524 was down in the roost hole for only 15 seconds. It really sounds like she was just "unloading a mistake." We shall see. I won't be surprised if nobody lays tomorrow. Walter was going to watch the roost hole to determine the fate of the rutt egg (at least, he would watch for an hour or so). ④ I also saw a bird near the Blue Oak hole, some shouldn't ignore that one either. 9 may Start watch for "Roost hole" 0545. 0720 9604 (here garricking Harricking, + drumming as usual) and 9562 Corn-whr/Corn-wht of 1800 have looked in, but that's all. Walter tells me 9524 has laid in the 1980 hole 0800, Checked roost hole. Rutt egg still there! not thrown out. Starting 1315, 1408 9524, then 0746 later, both care 1411. Again 1820. Checked hole, still egg. Nobody roosted in the hole

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1981 R.L. mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay 10 May Start watching 80 hole at 0535 (actually 0435). 0526 9524, then 461 enter hole, both leave 0528 0550 after checking hole, still the 0.2 marked egg, 9524 did not lay at 0526. 0641, 582, the now homeless 8 from Blome-one (Bpats/Neare) intruding here, chased out by 461. No doubt attracted by 9604's garricking, etc. 0740, a huge chase, involving 3 chasers (8307 in the lead) at 8 I chase (9604, I would bet!) 8307 took the lead in the chasing 0800, Back after checking the roost hole. Dammit, the run egg, still there, but somebody laid today. That egg marked #1, measured (26.0 x 21.1 mm) I bet it was laid by 9524, who was disturbed enough by Walter + I stumbling around in the granary early to go dump her egg elsewhere. The only time I saw birds in the area of the roost hole was between 0550 ad 0610, so I'd bet laying occurred then. I left the rope ladder up at that hole in an attempt to discourage birds from going into that hole, since we won't be watching it. 1000 9565 from 1800 here. 1115 Bagging it. Lots of action in the 80 nest hole, but birds are being very difficult to watch. Janet reports 9524's egg thrown out around noon by 9523. See her notes. Suspected to have been eaten. Roosting, I take the rope ladder down from the roost hole (today's egg still there) Walter

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (10 May) reports 6 (!) birds roosted in the hole. One of the two extras was most likely ♀604, but the other? ♀587? ♀602? 11 May Start watch 0445 at roost hole. Birds already have left 0615, moved to watch granary Behavior data on back. 0720, another very excluded chase, involving first ♂307 + ♂461, then later just ♂307, and an intruder that I guessed was ♀604. Very long, persistent chase, over the top of Haystack, on the knoll area, etc. Went on for about 5 minutes Holes checked 1100-1200. Nothing in the Blue Oak hole, where I saw some sort of activity earlier; and in the roost hole there remained the one egg laid by ♀524 yesterday. Ending 1200 Jazet watching hole in granary, where ♀524 laid this morning (see Walter's notes) Walked back up here, relieving Walter at 1205, watching 1980 nest hole with tossable egg. 1743, ♀524 enters; ♂461 looks in, ♀524 leaves 1745 1835 ♀524 enters. ♂523 then enters, ♂461 looks in, at entrance. ♂307 flies to hole, both ♂♂ side by side at entrance. ♂307 gives ♂461 a gentle but definite peck to the side of ♂461's head. ♂461 turned head slightly, ♂307 flies off. 1836, ♂461 enters, leaves 1837, then ♀524 leaves, ♂523 heads out. Does not go back down, leaves

11 May 1981 Low Hay egg-laying 0615 all 4 g 0620 461 9524g / 307 9523 fartort | : 0640 all 4 g 0645 all 4 g NE 0650 307 9523g / 461 9524 broke tree 0655 allg except 307 | 0700 all 4g | NE 0705 307 9523 broke-tree | 461 9524 g | 0710 ? 0715 ? 0720 ? 0725 allg except 307, chasing intruder, Uhay knoll. 0730 ? 0735 461 9524 Uhay granary 307 9523 g both qq 461 0750 all 4 g 0755 " NE 0800 " NE 0805 461 9524g | 307 9523 Uhay knoll 0810 461 9524g 0815 allg except 307 | 0820 all 4 g 0825 " NE 0830 " " 0835 " ? 0840 ? ? 0845 all 4 g 0915 all 4 Blue Oak 0920 ? 0925 all 4g NE 0930 " 0935 0940 0945 all g except 9523, knoll 0950 all g except 9523, frantic 0955 F FTF MAF 461 ||| 8 0 1 9524 |||| 461 9523 307 9524 307 9523 461 1 F FTF MAF 307 9523 allg except 307 | all 4 g 1035 all 4 g 1040 461 9524g | 307 9523 knoll nest checks 1200 end 0615 - 1045 270 min

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack (11 may) 10 seconds later without going back down. 1900, a rude shock after checking hole and turning off movie camera: Egg is gone! And nobody saw it thrown out! Chief suspect is Byron (see his notes), but it is possible that Walter, Janet or I blew it. Seems like it would have had to have been ♀523 that threw the egg out, but we may never know. End 1900. 12 May Start OSOS, watching granary for behavior. 0552, ♂523 flies from broken tree to Blue Oak, and is followed by ♂307. It looks like ♂523 entered the Blue Oak hole at this time, with ♂307 in attendance. At 0600, ♂523 out of hole, scaling moss off limbs of Blue Oak. 0745, ♂523 + ♂307 back in the Blue Oak area, ♂523 really ripping apart the moss on the main trunk of that tree. Seems to be looking for (and finding) insects underneath the moss mat. 0800, ♂523 tosses egg laid by ♀524 earlier that day in the 1980 nest hole (see Walter's notes) She carries it to back branch of granary, sets it down intact on a near horizontal section of a mostly vertical limb, flies off (perhaps scared away by Walter's and my screaming yelling to each other. Anyway, Walter the. locates the egg in the granary, sets up his camera ad the hide in a position on the S side of the granary

12 May 1981 Low Hay egg-laying behavior 0535 all 4 g 0540 " NI 0545 " " 0550 all 4 brogon treea | 0555 8307 9523 Blue oak | 8461 9524 broke tree 0600 8307 9523 | 8461 9524 g 0605 " " NI 0610 all 4 g | 0615 " NI 0620 " NI 0625 " NI 0630 " NI 0635 . " NE 0640 all 4 Blue oak 0645 all 4 g 0650 8307 9523 Blue oak | 8461 9524 roost tree area 0655 all 4 Blind oak 0700 all 4 Blue Oak area | NE 0705 all 4 g 0710 all 4 g NI 0715 " " 0720 " " 0725 " " 0730 " " 0735 " " 0740 all 4 g I 0745 8307 9523 Blue oak | 8461 9524 g NE 0750 " " 0755 ? Egg-tossed 0535 - 0755 140 min

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (12 May) At 0830, I checked the Blue Oak hole, and found it empty. So either ♀523 did not lay in that hole at 0600, or she did and the egg was already thrown out. (probably, if so, around 0650, 0640, when all 4 birds were in the Blue Oak area. We will have to watch that hole closely tomorrow morning. 0900 starting watch of ♀524's intact egg sitting on branch of W side of granary (placed there by ♀523). Trying to get photos of egg-eating → ♀524 4 min egg-eating. 0920.00 ♀524 flies to egg, punctures it with her bill (her own egg!), begins to suck up albumen, perhaps yolk as well. 0924.00, she flies off. Lots of albumen sucking + lapping ♂461 0931.45 ♂461 eats egg, sucking albumen briefly, but he leaves 0932.00 ♀523 1:50 of egg-eating 0932.20 ♀523 (the tosser) at the egg. White. (albumen) drooling from her bill clearly visible heads down, bill into egg, for about 1-2 seconds, then head lifted, some tongue lapping movements, then return to the egg 0934.10, she leaves. ♀524 1:15 of egg eating, with ♀523 nearby 0938.45. ♀524 back at egg. 2 inches away ♀524 on right, ♀523 spreading to left is ♀523 (see photos) no aggression. For the first time, apparent that ♀524 is eating a few bits of shell. 0940, ♀524 picks up a large fragment of shell, hitched up the branch past ♀523, eats the remainder of the shell

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1981 R.L. Humme 21 Melanerpes fornicivorus Low Hay (12 may) 0940.15, 9523 moves to spot where the egg had been, picks up a large shell fragment, flies off toward the center of the granary. Hopefully I got a great picture of 9523 with the egg-shell fragment held upright in her bill 0941.20 Egg totally demolished. Climbing up tree, No trace of egg whatsoever. .... 9524 definitely ate the large chunk of shell she carried off. Don't know what became of the piece 9523 carried away, but I presume she ate that. 1100 Anticlimatically, I check the roost hole. Egg laid by 9524 seen 10 may still there. 13 may Start watching Blue Oak hole 0530. 0535, Birds sound like they are just now coming out of roost hole on this foggy morning. One bird that flew out to the top of the knoll ad started to preen, I read as LBlue-B/K/LBlue, 8571 from Gazebo. Pretty sure he roosted with the other birds (ad [illegible] 9604), so he probably is the special "mystery rooster" (6th bird) that Walter saw on 10 May. 0620, 9604 looks at the Blue Oak hole briefly 0715, now watching granary for behavior, given little interest in Blue Oak hole. 0810 Nest check, two eggs, the two 94 laying essentially simultaneously. (see Walter's notes).

13 may 1981 Low-Hay egg-laying 0715 all 4g 0720 ♂307♀523 roost area / ♂461♀524g 0725 ♀524g / ♂461♂307 knoll 0730 ♂307♀523 Blue Oak / ♂461♀524g 0735 all 4g 0740 ♂307♀523 broken tree / ♂461♀524g NF 0745 " 0750 all 4g 0755 0800 0805 0 0920 ? 0925 ♂461♀524 broken tree / ♂307♀523 Blue oak 0930 ? 0935 all 4g 0940 " / NF 0945 " / NF 0950 ♂307♀523 knoll / ♂461♀524g 0955 ♂461♀524g / ♂307♀523 Blue oak 1000 end 0715-0815 100 min 0920-1000 F FTF MAF ♂461 111 1 ③ 1 ④ 1 ① ♂307 1 ① ♀524 ③ ♂307 ⑥ ♀523 1 ①

1981 R.L. Mumme 22 Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (13 May) ① 21.4 x 17,3 , near runt, somewhat off-center air cell 26.8 x 20,8 (♀524) Egg-tossing is over here! 0820. Big chase, involving the 2♂8♂ and I believe 1100, ♀523 ♀604 once again. ♀509 Green-Dark/Yellow from looking in, flies to hole, ♀523 away ile very hard ♀307 flies out things broke immediately 0915 Watching from hide, to make sure both ♀♀ come back to the hole and do not throw the egg out. 1115 ♀524's been ⚫ in 4 times, ♀523 once for a long visit, No eggs thrown out. 14 May Start from behind hide at 0610. Foggy, blowing mist. 0614, ♀523 enters nest, ♂307 looks in a few times 0626 ♀524 enters, ♂461 enters 0627. 0628, ♀523, ♂461, ♀524 all leave in rapid succession. 0716 ♀524 enters nest, leaves 0717 0720, ♀523 in tree (Blue Oak) adjacent to sap tree, being mobbed furiously by a pair of Gnatcatchers. She must be near a nest. 0730, No garricks heard yet this morning. As ♀604 finally throwing in the towel, or is she just discouraged by the poor weather. 0735, nest check. One new egg, marked #3. Almost certainly the work of ♀523, since①she was the only ♀ to be in the hole for any extended period, ② measurements (26.4 x 20.3) exactly the same as the egg laid without doubt by ♀523 on 3 May,

14 May 1981 Low Hay egg-laying F FTF NAF 0615 all 4g NF 0620 " NF 0625 " NF 0630 all 4g NF 0635 " " 0640 " " 0645 ? 0650 8461 9524g / 8307 9523 far-tortuga 0655 8461 9524g | 0700 8461 9524g / 8307 9523 FT 0705 all 4g | 0710 all 4g 0715 8461 9524g / 8307 9523 sap 0720 8307 9523 sap / 8461 9524 FT 0725 8307 9523 FT. 0730 ? 8461 follows both 99 0615-0730 75min Low Hay prenest + egg-lay summary Follow Fails to follow Moves away 8461 8461 30 1 2 with 9524 117 not with 9524 1 8461 0 12 11 with 9523 82 not with 9523 34 8307 8307 0 9 13 with 9524 79 not with " 35 8307 23 5 5 with 9523 103 not with 9523 8

1981 R.C. Murne 23 Melanopetes formicivorus Lower Haystark (14 May) ③ Somewhat off-center air cell, just like the "rant" that we suspect was laid by ⑤523 yesterday. Backup at 1000, nest check, a 4th egg! Laid very late, (between 0800 + 1000), by ⑤524. Could this be her last egg?, or is she taking the day off tomorrow? We shall see. Anyway, measurements 27.3 x 20.5 Strage egg, almost elliptical (no "blunt" end), and very light. Would have been nice to weigh it. Very tiny air cell. Anyway, marked #4 and replaced. Movie camera apparatus taken down in view of deteriorating weather (misty, etc.) 15 May Nest check 1000. As suspected, only one egg laid today, 25.2 x 20.9. Safe bet that this is ⑤523's in view of ① ⑤524's late laying yesterday (she is either through or taking the day off today) ② This egg (marked #5, has a slightly off-center air cell, just like the previous 2 eggs laid by Mrs. ⑤523. 16 May Start 0700. Sun of agun, ⑤587 whr-B1K / Bpat-Black is back! At 0720, she was leaf gleaning in the top of the garany, with only mild aggression from (I think) ⑤524. The aggression was on the order of that seen in dominance interactions, as opposed to a full fledged chase. 0800, Nest check, still 5 eggs (!). What's worse, I have yet to see ⑤523 this morning. → 1000, well, lots of weird goings-on. At 0845 #see ④461 grappling briefly with a bird in the very, very wet grass

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1981 R.C. Murrie 24 Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (16 May) Between the 10-20 granary, Sure enough, it proves to be ♀523, soaked to the skin and unable to fly. I then warm-dry her till until about 0920. She seemed uninjured and alert and gave a number of alarm screams, while I handled her. She also had a good cloacal swelling, a broad patch, and a large, hard object filling her abdomen (an incipient egg, no doubt). At 0920, I let ♀523 go on the trunk of the granary. She hitched weakly (but effectively) up a few meters before stopping in a sunny spot and resting. She sat there until about 0945, when the 3 other group members returned to the granary. About 0945, ♂461 flew down and started to peck/jump on the back of ♀523. ♀523 sat motionless and non-resisting for a few seconds, then I think she flew off, in the general direction of the roost tree, 1030, watching above granary, no sign of ♀523, but 3 other birds all here. ♀587 doesn't seem loose around. Also, no trace of ♂604 today. Perhaps she has given up. Doesn't look like anybody's paying much attention to the nest. I've seen ♀524 in, or ♂307, but they certainly aren't incubating with any earnest. 1120, Have just searched the grass between the granary and the roost tree (the flight path that I think I saw ♀523 take). Found nothing. I've also wandered around in the 2° area some, also seeing nothing. Is ♀523 still around? Is she still alive, even? What will become of the nest? Right

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1981 R.C. Manne 25 Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack (16 May) now, I'd have to guess there's a 50-50 chance of the nest being abandoned, much higher if 9523 doesn't make a recovery. Why + how did 9523 become waterlogged? Two guesses, ① Early this AM she was flycatching tipulids in the high extremely wet grass, got a little carried away, became wet stuck. [illegible] I may have seen 8'461 + 8'307 doing the same sort of thing. Or I may have just seen 8'461 diving on 9523 as she struggled in the grass, ② Maybe 8'461 was grappling with 9523 (like he did to her at the nest on 13 May), and 9523 was forced down into the grass, where she became immobilized. This is supported by the fact that 8'461 grappled with 9523 in the grass (the way that I found her), and his quick aggressive reaction after I returned her to the granary. Whatever, I'm sure it happened early this morning. 9523 certainly would not have survived a night like that, much less be in as good a shape as she was. She was quite feisty when I found her, and I thought only tired and wet from trying to fly. I think she flew off with no problems. I wish she would have eaten some acorns while sitting in the granary (she was right next to some) but she didn't. 17 May Start 0700. Well 9523 is alive! Seen chasing a 9'NB intruder out of the broken tree, wak[ing] with 8'307 + 9524. Also seen in the 2° area and the watch tree. Unfortunately, by 0740 she has still not been in the granary, and I

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1981 R.L. Munne 26 Melanerpes formitivorus Low Hay (17 May) have a feeling that ♂461 is excluding her. What's more I again see little evidence that the birds are seriously incubating. I think ♂307 + ♀524 have both been in, but I certainly haven't seen any long, continuous bouts. ♀604 may be back, as I've heard plenty of garricks early in the roost area, and saw ♂307 chase hell out of somebody over there 0750 Yes, ♂461 is the culprit. ♀523 in the broken tree, ♂461 flies from granary and chases her around the broken tree, for a few seconds, ♀523 then flies to the watch tree. 0752, ♀523 "watches to herself" in watch tree when ♂461 returns to granary. This is all very bizarre. Why has ♂461 now had this corn cob shoved up his ass, only after ♀523 has heaved out 3 eggs that he (presumably) fertilized. 0800, Nest check. still 5 eggs. 18 May Nest check 1600. 5 eggs, slightly warm, although nobody was in the hole when I arrived. 23 May Checked hole, 0830. ♀524 in hole when I arrived. Still 5 eggs. I introduce a die. 25 May Nest watch, 0855-1125. ♀523 is here, but she is still being denied access to the granary by ♂461. I saw ♂461 "attack" ♀523 briefly in the broken tree, and perhaps a second time when ♀523 flew to the granary. ♀523 seen only in watch tree, broken tree, + 2° granary. Only ♀524 + ♂307 incubated during my watch. Nest checked 1145, die still present, not thrown out within 48 hrs. Introduce plaster egg, No hatching yet.

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1981 R.L. Munne 27 Mela-erpes formicivorus Low Hay Hastings Reservation Lower Haystack 26 May Nest check 1130. No hatching yet. 27 May Checked the nest at 0715. Eggs (3), (4), x (5) had hatched, the 3 small nestlings were marked with ink on the right heel pad. Egg (2) appeared to be pipper, ad egg (1), the near runt, does not look like it will hatch. I would guess that hatching occurred between late yesterday ar today, (26-27 May), meaning 12-13 days of incubation. A little longer than most, probably because they really did not got into incubating until about 17 May. Oh, yeah. Plaster egg still in, removed. Not thrown out in 48 hrs. 29 May Checked nest 1000. 4 babies, ad egg #1 is gone, I would suspect that it was already thrown out, ad failed to hatch. Unfortunately, the marks I put on the first 3 27 May have already worn off. So hatching score is a tie: 2 nestlings for both P523 x P524 3 June Nest check 1710. 4 healthy babies 35.5 g Yellow. L Blunt 37.2 Or Brn 34.0 Mauve Black 20.0 IUB 1- 25 June Bad news. Bird #700 did not live long & prosper. After Mary's report of no feedings in 3 hrs yesterday, I check the nest to find the grim remain (well decomposed) of #700, but the remains of no other birds (!). I would suspect partial predation (weasel, fox, or what?), resulting in #700 being killed or the nest being abandoned. The group still has acorns, ad even if

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1981 R.L. Mumme 28 Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack (25 June) they had starved to death, their remains would have to still be in the hole. I don't think the adults could have heaved them out in their advanced state. Could the other 2 have fledged? Possible, but very unlikely. Certainly they would have had to fledge on 24 June, making them mere, well, not so mere 28 days old. However, J700 has to have been death for at least 4-5 days, and I suspect that he died shortly after banding on 18 June. I guess I should come up here to make sure that no fledglings are around. 3 Aug Start 0920. Surprise surprise! First bird I see is 9604 Red-wrt/Blt. In the 2° granary, then the granary, looking like she belongs here. ♂461 also seen with her in their granary, not chasing her (!). Another ♀ also here, which I presume is 9524, but haven't seen her yet for sure. 1040, The plot thickens! 9523 DB/wrt/DB is BACK! Chipped bill a-e all, she is here without questions, and seems to be in good standing with ♂461. 9524 Metal/ probably seen as well. However, no evidence of ♂307 who was suffering from a bad leg in June. Why is ♂461 now so happy to let these two additional ♀ into the group, after all the hassle in the spring?? Ah... So much to think about... → Seriously, I would have to say that 9523 + 9604 moved here 15 July ± 1 week. My School Hill notes show that they were there (or at least at Y) until Early July (2 July) Since they look pretty relaxed +cozy here, I would have to bet that they've been here a couple weeks. End (115).

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1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Cow Hay 19 Aug Start 1030. Well we're down to ♂461 metal/blue-whr Dgrn-BPkt/white ad ♂524 metal/Dgrn-BPkt(N). Only birds here, as ♂523 ad ♂604 Moved to Hay Blom ~ 10Aug ±1week, ♂307 must certainly be dead. Could his bad foot had have had anything to do with his disappearance? Anyway, say ♂307 disappeared on 10 July ±3 wcks. He was here on 14 June, but certainly gone by 3 Aug. However, check Mary's notes, as she watched up here around the first part of July, last of June, so she may have seen or not seen him then. End 1130. 20 Sept After watching at Hay Blom and not seeing ♂523, I watch here 1200 to see if ♂523 has returned here. 1230, I think she has!! Didn't see any bands, but I did see 3 birds here certainly, and I'm almost positive that I saw a ♀ here with a chipped bill. Would like to get her for sure. She has quite a history now. 5 Oct Watching here 1015-1140, yes ♂523 Dbl/efwrt/60/ve metal/ ♂524 metal/Dgrn-BPkt (N), ♂461 all here and storing acorns (Looks like douglasii, mostly, from Ravine+far tortuga area. I also got a fleeting glimpse of a bird that might have been ♂587 out, I need to look further. ** 6 Oct GROUP UPDATE: Purge ♂307. Last seen on nest watch by metal band Mary Peacock, 18 June. His leg was quite bad (see Mary's journal and nest watch notes). However, he was not seen for certain after the nest failed on about 20 June. Lots of possibilities: ① ♂307 could have

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1981 R.L. Mumme 30 Melanerpes fornicivorus Low Hay **(6oct)** been a victim of predation at the nest, snuffing out him as well as the 3 nestlings. ♂307 was still roosting in the nest (see Byron's notes) on 25 + 27 May. Unfortunately, I didn't watch up here until 3 Aug, when ♂307 was certainly gone. Given that he was suffering from a bad leg, the predation hypothesis is just too tenuous given our poor data on the timing of ♂307's disappearance. See my previous notes. But to play it safe, I'll say ♂307 disappeared on about 10 July ± 2 weeks, bearing in mind that he could have been snuffed out with the nest between 18 - 21 June. ♀523 + ♀604 moved here (returned?) 17 July ± 2 weeks Both were at Y with Shill birds on 2 July, certainly at Low Hay on 3 Aug. Both then moved to Hay Blom on 12 Aug ± 1 week. Both were "last" seen at Low Hay on 3 Aug, but both were at Hay Blom on 19 + 22 Aug. ♀523 however, returned to Low Hay on 6 Sept ± 2 weeks (seen back at Low Hay 20 Sept) ** 1 Nov A watch here, 1000 - 1200. A nervous start, as I first see a ♀NB flycatching from the broken Valley Oak. He disappears soon, but I find in the granary ♂461 ♀523, ♀524, all see quite well, plus ♀587 wht - B1k/Bpat-B1k, backt from Oblivion!! Even saw her store an acorn. As far as I can tell, these birds are all pretty tight. Saw ♂461, ♀9523, 524, storing a lot of acorns. As I recall, I thought I might have seen ♀587 here last time I watched (5 Oct?), but will have to check previous notes.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blomane Hastings Reservation 10 Jan Pass by here 0935. ♂513 or - BPNK /or here. Later, ♂584 BPNK/mauve as well. I've seen 3 birds here I'm fairly certain, 3 March Walk by here at 0920. ♂584 metal/BPNK and ♀478 m /DRINE orange in the granary. A third bird also seen, presumably ♀513. In addition, I saw ♂584 urking and mildly chasing a banded ♂ intruder, but I know not who. Back at 1230, a Beaudou → Prairie Falcon zips by, ♀ in the granary gives alarmcalls. Not positive who, but suspect ♂513 Again, not sure. 23 April Start 0730. Revolution, as reported by Walter yesterday, in full swing. ♂478 is gone, and lots of ♂ 0733. 1500 contingent, ♂♂492, 493, 622 all here. Staked out the periphery (Blue Oaks above the granary) watching with a ♀NB. End 0815, when I managed to run up and catch two birds locked in a death grip in the tall grass underneath the granary. One was ♀478, and I let her go. The other was a ♀NB, which I took back to the labs to be banded ♀647 BIK/BIK, the "Black ♀". Anyway, I guessed about 12-10 birds here at least. 3 1500 ♂♂ 2 ♀NB, and a couple of ♂NB, the two residents, plus others will have to come back for a better look later. Right now, ♀478 and ♂584 seen in control of the granary. Incidentally, the ♀NB that I caught was bleeding from some wounds in her mouth lining, presumably as a result of her tussle with ♀478.

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Blom-one 24 April Start 1145. Wild. The 3 1500 ♂, plus 3 cooperating unbodied ♀♀ seen to have control of the granary. Haven't seen ♀478 yet. 1155. Now I see her, but she's in the trees 20 feet SW of the granary, chasing others. She seems to be walking with a ♂NB, and chasing violently a ♀NB. Have not seen ♀478 in the 120° granary, which at the moment (1220) is under total control by the 1500 ♂ and the 3 ♂NB, 1224. Looks like 2 ♂NB are with ♀484 in the peripheral trees Have not seen ♂84 yet. 1250. Winding down a bit. The very peripheral birds have thinned out. Now down to the hardcore: 3 1500 ♂, 3 ♀NB in control of the 1°g; ♀478 and 2 ♂NB controlling the area from 20 feet S of the granary South next Forgot to action $509 Gazebo Don't (Yellow) See her at briefly at about noon Probably a maximum of 12 birds when I first arrived. 1300 Now starting to see the opening flurries between the 2 factions, right at the boundary between their respective territories. End 1315. Going to see if any of this has spilled over into Gazebo 25 April Start 1015. Very quiet! Here 5 min before I heard so much as a waka. ♀478 and the 2 ♂NB have lost ground. They now seen restricted to the two Valley Oaks, 20m E of the small dry cattle pond. (45 m Wofgranary). At yesterday 3 ♂NB and 3♂492, 493, +622 from 1500 are in control of the granary and almost everything else. I'd say this revolution is over. End 1160. No other intruders around, 13 May Very quiet here at 1430. ♂492 0-/BLK + ♂622 seen, plus a ♀, but don't see anybody else around.

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom-one 13 May Checked all the holes that I know about, finding nothing. Pretty windy, not a good time to watch birds. The 1979 + 1980 nest hole (in granary) appears to be occupied by starlings. 14 May Watching here 0815. 9648 Grn-BIK/wnt and a ♂ metal/? in the top of the granary. She flies off toward the ⚫ knoll, the male follows. 0915, 9649 wnt/DBlue here as well. So at least 299 still here. Again, foggy, windy, very difficult to see birds. Will try some other time. 17 May Trying to watch here again 1700. Jees; those guys are tough to watch. I get a glimpse of ♂622, another ♂ & ♀, but that's it. Walter says nobody looked at the hole with 2 eggs in the granary 1845, Now we're getting somewhere. I pick up 5 birds over at Blom 2. Points: ① Looks like we're down to a 2-♀ group. 9650 does not seem to be here ② ♂492 is not for 9649 following-wise ③ ♂493 + ♂622 are strongly following 9648. See the bit of behavior on back 18 May Start 0550. Somebody is being chased continuously around the granary. Carrick's heard as well. Is this 9650, or (more likely 9478?) (605 lets hear it for predictive biology, the intruder is 9478, being chased around like mad by 2 birds (presumably 99649+9649) [illegible], 0730 Things have calmed down. A ♂ entered the hole facing the pond for a couple of seconds, but that was all. Rainy, misty. Bagging it.

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1981 R.C. Murme Melanerpes formicivorus Mary Blom One (18 May) 'Nest' check 1300. The 2 eggs that Walter reported in the pond-facing hole are gone! Hole empty. Definitely a false start. 20 May Start 0555. 0655, Nice dominance interaction between ♂493 + ♂622. The 2♂♂ and the 2♀♀ were all together on top of the big Blue Oak (with the holes) 20 m E of the small dry cattle pond. ♂493 gave ♂622 some very sharp, hard pecks (4-5), to the head of ♂622. At the same time I believe that I saw ♀648 chattering to ♀649, Would like to nail down that relationship. Looks like ♀649 has a nice strong double mustache on both sides of her head, while ♀648 has a much cleaner face, with only the slightest hint of a single stash. End 0800, No interest in any holes. I believe that I saw somebody really trying to peck ♀648 away from a main storage limb, with ♀648 chattering away. Wasn't sure if it was ♂ or ♀ aggressor. 22 May Watch 0610-0745. No interest in any holes. Only thing of note was dominance intention: ♂492 pecked hard at ♂622, in the granary. 24 May Start 0610, 0700, Up until now ♂492 + ♀649 have been alone in the granary. ♂493 + 622 (process ♀548) → Fly in from Blom 2. ♂492 then pecks hard, even climbing on back, at ♂622. ♀649 present, 21m away, in top of granary, 0730, Quitting. Birds all up on Haystack flat. Still no interest seen in any holes. When will they?

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1981 R.C. Munne 5 Melanerpes formicivorus Blom one 26 May Start 0620. 0630, 9649 is top of granary with a Malacosoma Caterpillar; She wipes it back + forth on a limb maybe 100 Times before flying off (to eat it?) 0725, 9649 enters (for about 15 sec) the hole in the Valley Oak 15 meters SW of the granary. I saw her look-in briefly at about 0700. 0730, Sounds like many birds over by Blom 2. 0750, Back watching after climbing up to the 2° tree hole. Easy climb, with a couple of webbing ladders. I doubt that she did anything. → 0758 Moredominare, 9492 pecks hard at 9622 who then retreats into a "niche" in the large limb 2 feet to the south of the hole in which the birds laid eggs Earlier 9622 really does act like a "baby". Lots of begging-like actions 0900, Peeped into 2° tree hole. Not a good hole. Lots of lichen + grass in the bottom, dragged in by starling, Bluesird, Myiarchus, or something of that ilk. I doubt that they'll nest there. 0915, over at Blom 2, I see 9649 Green-Blk/Metal over here by herself. I just realized that I hadn't seen either her or [illegible] 9493 in the Blomone granary. What's more, I didn't see 9648 in the granary on 24 May, either. When I flush 9648 from the Blom 2 nest tree, she flies toward Corral Viejo canyon, not toward Blom-one. Looks bad. 1040, after watching here a bit longer, still no sign of 9649 (in the granary) or 9493 at all. Is he here, [illegible]

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom one (26 may) 1500, dead, or what? Also saw 3/800 birds intruding here at 1010. (♂561, ♂562, ♀565) 28 may ♂622 seen at 1500, feeding young in the nest there (!). I Presume that the aggression from ♂492 forced him to go home 29 may Start 0615, I pick up all 5 birds (seen well) at Blom 2. ♂622 is here, but getting chased around the Blom 2 area a bit by ♂♂492 (especially) and 493. Short chases + supplants only, nothing. I also believe that I saw either ♂492 or ♂493 chattering to the other 0720, fog blowing in, quitting. Only ♂♂492 + 493, ♀649 seen in the grass! Well, over at the mouth of the second canyon I pick up ♂584 (mctul / BP.K). He's still alive anyway. A 2nd bird, with whom he looks friendly, also there 31 may Start once again 0610. Lots of tarrits coming from Blom 2 0730, well, at least 4 birds here still, but as usual I see only ♂♂492, 493, ♀649. Is the 4th bird ♀649 or ♂623 (suspect former). No interest in holes. What's more, I saw ♂492 + ♂493 Fly away from ♀649. Are they ever going to nest 1 June Start 0630. More of the same, No interest in any holes, Doesn't look like ♂♂ are following ♀♀. Lots of flycatching activity in the flat between Blom one + Hay Blom. I did see ♀648 (mctul-Blk/wh) in the grassy when I first arrived. ♀649 ♂492 also here. Over on the flat, I did see a bit of chasing going on, so these guys may not yet have it together End 0730,

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom one 3 June Start 0610. 0810, lots of strange developments. Early, only ♂492 and ♀649 in the granary, though it looked like a third (or even a 4th bird) around as well. However, lots of noise over at Blom 2. Over here I find ♂493 [Blue/m and [illegible] ♀478 DBlue-Or/DBlue-Or " " ; She is Garricking occasionally, but seems to be truly hanging out with ♂493. I believe I heard them waka to each other. So far, no sign of ♂493 showing any interest in flying toward Blom-one. 5 June Watching here a very late 0700. Garricks + Karrits coming from Blom 2. The 1st thing I see is ♀649 flying from the granary to Blom 2, not followed by anybody, even though I'm fairly sure ♂492 was in the granary. ♀649 the only bird I saw well, although at least 1 ♂ + probably a 3rd bird here as well. Getting tired of these guys. 7 June Sunovagan. 0630, a veritable mini-revolution at the Muddy south of the 2nd canyon on the Blongquist ranch. Main participant seems to be ♂571 [Blue-BLK/[Blue Metal / [Blue-Black, erstwhile of Gezebo, garricking from the tops of the Valley Oaks in the 2º canyon. ♀623 Red/Yellow of 1500 also seen here briefly, plus at least 2 other birds. 0700, ♂623 [Blk-Or/Blk or/B1K, ♂492 M/Blk also turn up, and I think ♀565 [unt/Metal from 1800. ♂492 seemed to wander over here by himself, so he can't be too keyed on following ♀649 around. 8 June Start watch at the granary 0700. 0810, I'm giving upon these guys. Once again, no interest in any holes,

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1981 R. C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom-one (8 June) neither ♂ showing any interest in ♀649. Also, I’m now almost certain that ♀648 is gone (returned home?) No Sign of her again today, and I don’t think we’ve seen her for a weeks now. A bit of forritting and chasing at Blom 2 when I arrived, but it’s been quiet since. 11 June Watching here 0830. When I arrived I flushed 2 birds out of the Valley Oak “watch tree” (tree with 2 holes) 75 m N of the granary. I find ♂493 forritting from the partially death Blue Oak at Blom 2. He’s by himself, I do believe. 0930, what daya know, from Blom 2 I see a bird look into the 1st nest hole. Also, a bird entered a hole on the N side of the granary (hole faces Red Hill) that I had not noticed before, and exited with a stick. Doesn’t look serious yet. 13 June I’ve had it! Watching here 0700-0800. ♂492, ♂493, ♀649 all seen quite well, no trace of ♀648. Haven’t seen her since late May, I do believe. No interest in any holes, and I saw ♀649 fly off without being followed. They are not going to nest. 18 June Watching here, 0700-0815. ♂493, ♂492, ♀649 seen, but that’s it! ♀648 clearly gone. ♂♂ not showing any interest in the ♀. Both flew away from the ♀ on at least 2 occasions. Also, ♂622 BIR or BIR visiting here. He was behaving very subordinately (chatters, cowering) in the granary, and I definitely saw ♀649 peck at him once, ♂♂ might have pecked at him a bit, too, but I wasn’t sure. 25 June Quick look here 1130. ♂493, a ♀, and a 3rd bird. Nothing seems to be going on.

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1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Blom-one 4 Aug Start 0745. 0840, God, confusion reigns supreme over at Blom 2. In the B12 nest tree, I find good old ♀478 DBlue-or/DBlue-or. I See her waka in rather friendly fashion with LBlue/M ♂493 LBlue/LBlue. On top of that, we have here Juv. 679 LPak/Mauve metal/Mauve from 1500 (♂). He was picked at a bit by ♀478, but seemed to be friendly with ♂493. How do they know that they are sibs? (So much to think about, haha). Perhaps they were "introduced" by ♂623, although I have not seen him yet. Also another strange ♂ (or well-advanced juvenile) that I couldn't identify (DBlue/M). I've also seen ♂492 in the very nearly dead Blue Oak near the pond, and in the Blom-one granary. For additional confusion, I keep hearing occasional garridos coming from Blom One. Also, I saw a bird (I think ♀478) enter the Blom 2 1980 nest hole for a few seconds, Gooz Louise! Hope I can figure this all out. I have to wonder if ♀478 has been in residence at Blom 2 since June (I saw her here 0930). These 3 birds still about Blom 2, End watch. ?/ ? 1125, an unidentified bird. BPink/Metal (Red/Metal?) (Mauve/Metal) Couldn't get the sex, harritting 75 m N of the gazebo. Who could that be? Possible ♂570, but I thought the color was more red than mauve. 20 Aug Start at Blom one 0730. Well, ultimate confusion. I find little activity at the granary, but I hear/see lots of action on Big knoll (Not Blom one) wandering up there. I find ♂492 M/B1K, and ♂649 //DBlue, a few unbanded birds, including some Juv's that might have come from Blom 4 or CV 2.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom one - Blom 2 (20 Aug) Plus, shitload of 1500 birds. ♂622 BIR-Or/BIR J676 DBlue-wht/BIR-wht Wht-DBlue/m (very prevalent!) J675 "" / DGreen- (Seen occasionally, "dirty" face) J678 metal/mauve, all ove- on the big knoll continuously (more or less) from 0800- 1000. All were eating green acorns, especially from the Big Live Oak that dominates the top of the knoll. I got the impression that ♂492 ad 9649 would fly over to the Bll granary occasionally, but the other birds seemed to be on the knoll most of the time. I saw ♀649 chase J676 once, but I never certainly saw ♂492 chase anybody but the unbanded birds. I never certainly saw ♂492 chase ♂622 or any of the Jaus. Where these birds will wind up is a mystery to me. Also, ♂493 CBlue/CBlue put in a brief appearance on the knoll, but I saw him fly in from the direction of Blom 2, harvest an acorn, then fly back toward Blom 2. I'd say he is still in residence there. Down watching Blom 2 at 1030, 3 birds in the granary (nest tree) when I arrive, including a ♀ I believe. Later, I find M / DBlue-Yellow (N?) none other than J677 DBlue-Yellow (N)/DBlue the last of the 1500 Juvs, in the Blom 2 nest tree. Also J678 there briefly, ad even J676 cruised into the nearly dead blue oak for a few seconds. 1100, ♂493 here in the nest tree, as suspected. 1150, Just had ♂ 493 ♀478 M / DBLue-Or/DBlue-Or J678, J677, all * in the nearly death Blue Oak perch tree. Everybody looked happy, to boot. ♂493 + J678 may also have been sapsucking from the Valley Oak 10m west of the Laguna Conejo dam, but I wasn't positive. So it looks to me like Blom 2 is a real, live group! How

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blomone - Blom 2 (20 Aug) many of the j uvs will remain here or at Blom one, or return to 1500 (new ♀ 601 ad-all) is still a mystery. ♂622 is also a real mystery. He is definitely not part of the Blom 2 scene (at least at the moment), but I also didn't perceive him to belong at Blom 1, either (I've only seen him [illegible] at the knoll). End 1200, Oh, over on the knoll I also saw some dominance interactions among the j uvs, that I think are in accordance with Mary's Observations : 676 pocketed 675 once, and 675 pocketed 678 once. Whoa, 1205, in the Blom 2 Blue Oak, ♀478 gave a great precopulatory tail raise and crouch, and ♂492 made a feeble mount. Hmm. Wonder if a fall nest is on their minds. 1215, One more addition, J677 + J678 are sapsucking from the Valley Oak (!) next to the pond dam. 12 Sept I stroll by the holes at Blom 1, find no evidence of a nest, or any birds, period. But I do see a couple of birds at Blom 2. Watching Blom 2 0900. Some activity up toward the big knoll as well. 0945, well, ♂493 LBlue/CBlue, ♀478 M/DBlue-or, absolutely here, and showing a great deal of interest in the 1980 nest hole (!) ♂493 in particular is making a lot of short trips to the hole, but I saw him enter a couple of times. I don't think they should have a nest, but it's worth keeping an eye on it. ♀478 is doing a lot of garricking, and no evidence of ♂493 following the ♀. I now must acknowledge that Blom 2 is a legitimate group, and hereforth will take notes on it separately. Nobody but ♂493 and ♀478 today. Oh, but I heard what sounded like three birds calling from Blom 1 earlier

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1981 R.L. Murme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom one 14 Sept Well we do indeed have a threesome at Blomone. Watching the granary at 0815 I spot ♀649 white/DBlue and old ♂623 Black/Or-black back and looking like a member is good standing. Plus a third bird (♂) which must certainly be ♂492, though I didn't see bands. Birds shuttling back and forth between the big knoll and the granary. No evidence of any of the current 1500 Juveniles hanging around the granary, but I need to check the knoll area. 0930: Great stuff. On the knoll, in the VO's on the north side, I find 1500 J♂677 M/Dblue-Yellow (N) / DBlue actually defending a small area around a small, mistletoe capped VO. I even saw him chase 2-3 times ♂623 his older brother who helped raise J♂677! What a punk! I guess this says something about site-related dominance. ♂677 seems pretty serious. Also saw him chasing a ♂NB. Very strange: there are, of course, a very few storage limbs up here on the knoll. And there are a lot of acorns up here. So who knows? 1 Oct A quick walk by ♀649 wht/DBlue These birds (now just 2?) have started storing! About 30 or so new acorns in the granary ** 6 Oct Group update: ①♀648 is clearly gone, almost certainly returning to her natal territory (wherever it might be), with rejoining ♀650. ♀648 last seen on [illegible], June and I think certainly absent by 8 June, so say ♀648 left group about 5 June ± 0. ② ♂493 moved Blom 2 14 July ±2weeks: Last seen certainly at Blom one 25 June, but was visiting

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blomone ** (6 Oct) at Blom 2 (with 9478) as early as 3 June and 11 June He was clearly "in" at Blom 2 on 4 Aug. 1 ③ ♂622 returned to Blom 1 20 July ± 2 weeks : Last seen at 1500 3 July, at Blom 1 certainly by 20 Aug and probably by 4 Aug. He then moved back to 1500 On about 22 Sept ± 1 week. Last at Blom 1 on ** 14 Sept, storing across at 1500 on 30 Sept. 10 Dec a successful watch here. Both ♂492 and ♀649 seen very well. Also, ♀668 " / BILR of Y-Shill seen intruding here, so she may not be completely happy at Y (understandably so).

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Gazebo Hastings Reservation 10 Jan Start 1045. ♂516 DBlue-Yellow / DBlue ♂517 LPink/M seen right away, then-♂571 metal/LBlue viciously chasing a nuthatch out of the granary, Pretty slow, otherwise. 2 March 10-1200 good watch here ♂516 DBlue-Yellow / DBlue ♂517 LPink/M metal/LBlue ♂509 LBlue-Blk/LBlue ♂570 Mauve/LBlue metal, ♂571 M/LBlue Blk all seen well. I think that this might well be a complete census. At 1145, all 5 birds together in big dead V0 50 m west of granary area. No sign of anybody else. Almost certainly no new ♀ yet. End 1200 17 March A quick swing past here at 1000, I flush a couple of birds. No evidence of revolution (power struggle) for the ♀ vacancy yet. 28 March Another pass by here, 1545. All's quiet. April After seeing ♀509 in the incipient revolution at Low Hay, LBlue-Blk/LBlue I decide to swingby here at 1630. ♂571 metal here, Plus 2 others that (as usual) I don't get a look at. No revolution activity anyway. OOPS, just as I'm about to leave I see ♀570 mauve/M, ♂516 DBlue-Yellow/DBlue metal/Yellow LBlue, and ♀509 back here the same day! How about that. Perhaps she'll take ♀570 with her up to Low Hay tomorrow. End @ 1720. 8 April Another pass here, 1100-1114. All quiet. 15 April Here at 1215. No activity 20 April Stop here at 1500. No revolution activity, ♂571 and two ♀♀ (one probably ♀570 mauve/metal, the other ♀509) all I see.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Gazebo 28 April Sunofagan, Here at 1130, and a ♀NB is in the granary. How about that? Walking, looking like she owns the place. I see her a lot (perhaps 2 ♀NB? Possible!) How did she sneak in here without the formalities of a revolution? Perhaps she did, and we missed it. Will have to watch here later. 30 April Here at 1000. ♀NB still here, walking a tail raising only occasionally. ♂51b n/yellow. ♂DBlue also seen 13 May Walking around checking holes at 1500. A ♀ looking out of the 1979 nest hole (broken stub, near the Gazebo area) may mean nest. The ♀ had a dot of white-out smack in the middle of the black forehead, so I'd bet it's the ♀ ambushed by Walter 4-5 days ago. Earlier today, ♀509 @ see intruding at Low Hay. And ♂571 CBlue-81k/CBlue seems to be roosting with the birds at Lower Haystack, for god knows what reason. See Low Hay notes 15 May Checked the 1979 (now 1981) hole here. @ at 1130. 4 eggs Fairly fresh (3-4 days?). Birds seem to have been shitting in the hole as eggs stained with brown. Bird in the hole when I arrived 16 May Routine nest watch 17 May "" "" 19 May "" "" However, I have a feeling this group is down to just ♂51b and ♀653. Those are the only birds I've seen at the nest that I've yet to hear walkas while one is incubating.

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Gazebo 20 May Wandering around here, 0815 - 0945. Picked up 3 birds in the S Gazebo area, but they proved to be 2♀ NB and a ♂. Suppose they were just wandering from a territory along the road, somewhere. Anyway 1000, just as I'm leaving the (same?) 3 NB birds fly into the main granary area. Mildly chased around by one of the residents, (the ♂516, I suspect, since ♂653 was in the nest). Again, no evidence that we have anything more than a pair here. 22 May Routine nest watch. I don't think that the eggs have hatched yet. 26 May Eggs have hatched by 0930. I hear peepings from the nest when an adult looks out at me. Will check here in a few days. 24 May Nest check 0930. 4 babies! all eggs hatched DPtr DBLue 20.6g Lorn Or 18.5g Red - Tan 12.0g NB 9.4g 3 June Disturbing nest watch, 1415-1615. No visits. ♂516 came to the nest tree without food, garricked a few times (!) but nobody else. Was here, so I guess the ♀ is still around. Has the nest failed? 1630, well, no. I climb up and perilously reach out and put my hand over the hole and hear (weak) peepings. Also, these guys are nearly out of acorns. May be about to fail? 5 June Looks like they have failed. Watch the nest 0800 - 0900

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1981 R.C. Muhme Melanerpes formicivorus Gazebo (5 June) No visits. ♂516 and a second bird are here. I've seen them in the nest tree and ♂516 in the Blue Oak at the fence line (n of the gazebo), and never saw him with any food in his bill Not like my presence is keeping them away. Will have to drag the ladder over here soon. Nest failed! 4 Aug Watching here 1100. Well, who should be in the granary area than ♂516 metal/yellow-DBlt AND ♂571 M / LBlue-Blade, How about that? Back home after wandering like crazy during the spring. On the same branch as ♂516, he was chattering a great deal. Perhaps suggests that ♂571 was forced to leave when the new ♀ arrived (by ♂516) and now, after the breeding season, is patching things up. ♀653 here as well. See page 9 of Blomone notes, accidentally entered record of a bird Red, BPink, DPink, or mauve/metal near the Gazebo. Couldn't get the sex. Perhaps ♀570, Mauve/Metal, but I thought the band was pretty much on the red side. 1150 Confirm ♂570 Mauve/metal, on the Raga fence line Live Oak 40 m ENE of Gazebo. Didn't see her interacting with anybody, but she certainly acted like she belongs here. Would like to see her and ♀653 together. I wonder if ♂509 is around, too. End 1200. ♀653, ♂571 both seen in the same tree that ♂570 was in (though never together), So I'd guess it's a foursome. Could ♂509 be here as well? Possible, since it wasn't a great census here. 12Sept Checked holes here, nothing. 1 Oct A quick pass: 4 birds here: Only ♂516 + ♀653 seen with certainty, but others probably ♂571, ♂570. Storing has begun

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1981 R.L. Munne 5 Melanerpes Formicivorus Gazebo ** 6 Oct GROUP UPDATE: ① Q570 returns 4 July ± 1 month. Last seen roosting at Gazebo in late April-early May (see Walters notes) but definitely absent through the next period until nest failure, 5 June. First seen back at Gazebo 4 Aug. ② Q571 returns 4 July ± 1 month. Was seen at Gazebo 20 April, roosting at Low Hay 13 May (!) intruding at Y 6 June + Blo-quist Canyon 7 June, Back at Gazebo on 4 Aug. Definitely absent from Gazebo, May - early June. 20Nov I try to watch here, 1200, and though I think I get a glimpse of Q570 mauve/metal, and d ♂ metal/ basically I struck out. Birds doing pretty well acorn wise. Also, At least 4 UB birds were hanging out around the old Vo graveyard down the road toward CV#1. Probably were CV#1 birds, but it will be worth keeping an eye on. No stored acorns there yet, 1 Dec Counted stores, 1300: Total 1220 10 Dec: Watched here 1030-1200, and did all right. Q571 LBlue/Blt/LBlue and Q653 corn-wht/Lbm all seen. So that fills in the census, having seen Q570 on 20 Nov. Still lots of live oak acorns left in some trees along the fence line.

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Blom 2 1 Oct (see Blom 1 notes for other information). Sitting near here 1000, ♂ 493 LBlue/LBlue in the nearly dead Blue Oak. 1030, ♀ 478 M/DBlue-or also here. No fall nest, but storing has begun! A few acorns in both the 1980 nest tree and is the "granary". ** 6 Oct GROUP UPDATE: ① ♂478 founded Blom 2 26 May ± 1 week ♀478 still intruding at Blom 1 on 18 May, but seemed to be established at Blom 2 on 3 June (certainty in residence there on 4 Aug. ② ♂493 moved as adult to Blom 2 14 July ± 2 weeks Last seen at Blom 1 25 June, though visiting at Blom 2 as early as 3 June and 11 June, (clearly in by 4 Aug. ** 20 Nov A quick look, 1200, ♂493 LBlue/LBlue and ♀478 M/ both here. A decent # of acorns stored.

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1981 R. L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom 3 8 June Did a bit of exploring today. Continuing IVE toward Corral Viejo along the "road" that goes by Blom 2, in about ½ km you come to a sleepy-looking Blue Oak granary on the right. I've noticed this tree before, but today was the first time I'd seen it with Ictoms. Walking around I found 5 nice-looking holes in 3 trees. 3 of the holes I climbed up to and stuck my hand in, with no response (see reverse). Seems like they should have a nest. Regardless, will be worth trying to find where they roost and ambushing later this summer 4 Aug I walk by the granary, find acorns essentially gone. Birds around to the sw, but it could be Blom 2 activity. 1215, Over in one of the "hollows" by Gazebo, I find 2 Juveniles, without bows! Also a dominance interaction, which will do me no good. Juv's look pretty old. I then find a couple of adult ♂♂, plus a juv in a saptree. See map on back. 6 Aug Tried to watch roosting at the "major hole area" (the 5 I described 8 June) or the granary. One bird cruised by as I arrived, but nobody roosted in any of those holes. No karrits, no nuthin. 12 Sept Walked by here. Lots of birds, but nobody in any holes. 20 Nov 4 birds in the area and lots of acorns stored here.

these 2 checked Blue Oak, 3holes 28m garery BlueOak, hole, notchcke, BlueOak, new looking hole faces Straightdown. Checked 4 Aug BigVO 2adult♂ feet a few lousy looking holes here. old VO gren-1 ridge BlucOak saptree hollow ridge Broke Valley Oak X Jaws bare ridge Big Hollow Bare Blom 2 Blom 2 Road Poa Gazebo Road

1981 R.C. Mumm Melanespes fornicivorus Dark Hollow (CV#3 Blom4) 12 Sept Passing here 1030 I actually run across a banded bird near Metal/BPik the dark hollow granary. I read the bands as though I thought that it was a ♀. If I was wrong, and it proved to be a ♂, that would suggest old ♂584, formerly of Blomone. I remember Walter saying that this territory was unoccupied last year. M/BPik 1110 yesiree, In the granary, I confirm ♂584 BPik/Maute here with a ♀ of unknown band status. I would like to get a good look at her! So this territory seems to be certainly occupied by a pair. Wakas, very friendly, etc., always moving around near the dark hollow granary M/ 1140 Fantastic! The ♀ is ♂509 of Gazebo, Lorn-Darn/Yellow Wowee Zowie! Another banded group with known-age, known origin birds, with no effort. These guys are serious too, as I saw ♂584 chasing a ♂NB intruder from the granary area. They are showing every indication of staying + storing acorns. Great. End 1145. No evidence of a full nest. * 6 Oct GROUP UPDATE: ① ♂509 founded as adult July 10 ± 2 months (Last seen at Gazebo in mid April, then seen intruding at Low Hay 13 may, first seen Darkhollow 12 Sept ② [illegible] ♂513 founded as adult July 10 ± 2 months Last seen at Blomone late April, intruding at Low Hay 10 May and Blomquist canyon 29 May. First seen at Dark Hollow 12 Sept. 20 Nov At stroll past 1230, both ♂509 Lorn-Darn/Yellow ♂584 M/BPik Perhaps because the big live Oct 20 was here. Only a few acorns stored, the granary is loaded with not ripe acorns.

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1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpos fornicivorus Gate Hastings Reservation 12 Jan A quick stop here at 1315. ♀601 Lgreen/Yellow flycatching as I drive up. Another ♀ (presume 519, but didn't see beds) and ♂627 show up briefly. 1430, all 4 birds together up on the side of School Hill including ♀519 Blk-Yellow/Black ad ♂626 Complete census 8 March Poking around here, noon 1200-1400, I get in a complete census. ♀519 Blk-Yellow/m, ♀601 Lcorn/Yellow m / DBlue-wrt (n) and ♂627 (partial) DBlue Again 3of 4 (save ♀519) Flycatching from Blue Oaks on side of School Hill 10 April 1510, 4 birds seen here in passing, so ♀601 must be bred from the Lower Haystack Revolution (see LH notes) Back at 1630 with M. Peacock. All 4 birds seen well! (♂626, ♂627, ♀601, ♀529). Believe it or not, birds still harvesting acorns from that agrifolia along the creek 40m S of the Hastings Gate! Lots of intruders in that tree but the only one I identify ♂577 from Rd1 Good mate guarding seen (see reverse) with ignoring of ♀601 by the two ♂♂. Here with binos, I saw mountings, with no interference between by a third bird watching the copulating pair Interesting. Will have to watch here more. end. 12 April Start watch here 1140. Bird looking out at first. ♂♂ Following ♀, but they're not being fanatics about it (if you know what I mean) ♀601 see in hole briefly, ♂627 at hole; End 1250

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Gate Hastings Reservation 13 April Start 1135. Neglected to write that I watched roosting last night. Didn't see what happened, really, but there was some substantial aggression between two of the birds, fighting + scrapping in the presence of the ♀. Today, ♀ following by ♂626 + ♂627 continues, though ♂627 was slacking off a few times (see reverse) End 1245. 16 April After seeing a bird looking out of the low broken stub hole at 1440, I return to check the nest at 1630 and find it still empty. I do, however, introduce 1 fake egg into the nest. Hopefully, it will be tossed out within a day or two. 18 April Nest check at 1700 and the ♂ fake egg is gone! N=2! Thrown out within 48 hours. Also, these guys have not started laying themselves yet. 19 April Watching the granary at roosting, I don't see anything! 20 April Check the stub hole after seeing a bird at the hole this morning, 1800, still no eggs. 22 April Another check, no eggs. Perhaps those guys are in another hole? I'll watch here tomorrow 23 April Watching here 1320, ♂♂ Still hot on following the ♀. No interest shown in any holes, however. As before, ♂627 not quite as a persistent follower than ♂624, 1430, lots of intruder action, the only one I see is good old ♂540 from Finch M / LPAK. 1450, Also ♂501 <Blue-or/LBInt as ♂542, both from Finch. ☐ Concentrating their activities in the Live Oak near the gate that still has acorns. That must be the attraction. 1500, All of all birds, Q601 missing

13 April 1981 Gate Pre nesting behavior 1135 all 4 g| 1140 9601g | others Arnold - 1145 ? 1150 8627 9601g | 8519 8626 Arnold + -626 both HHT 1155 nobody g | 1200 ? 1205 8627 alone g | 1215 nobody 1220 9601g | core 3 gate area | (1225 core 3 gate area 1230 ? 1235 all 4 g | 1240 core 3 gate area 1245 core 3 gate area I Gate 23 April 1981 1320 core 3 g 1325 " " NI 1330 " " NI 1335 " " NEl 1340 8627 alone g | 1 (627) 1345 nobody | 1350 core 3 g | 1355 core 3 Haystack | 1400 core 3 g | 1405 core 3 Hay | 1410 core 3 g | 1415 core 3 Hay | 1420 ? 1425 core 3 g | F PTF MAF 8519 8626 1 8627 1 both HHT (5) follows F PTF MAF 8519 8626 1 8627 1 both HHT (8) follows

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Gate (23 April) 9587, formerly of Lower Haystack, BPAK-8IK/M, is also in the gate area. Visits the acorn-laden live oak, but sits for a long time in the spindly Valley Oak 30 m S of the gate. Not seen at Low Hay since late in the revolution there. Now obviously floating. 1510, 2 times 9587 picks acorns off the ground from under the Live Oak. Back here 1545, 9587 still here, plus 9616 yellow-dart/yellow-dart of Finch. Saw both go to the ground underneath the live oak, then carry away acorns. 25 April At 1145, 2 birds were looking out at 2 different (but adjacent) holes in the very "holey" limb in the gate sycamore. A third bird was standing on the limb as well. Hope they do nest there. Both holes faced the swimming hole, more or less. Will have to keep tabs on it. → Watching 1230. About the 1st thing I see is 9514 fly into the granary carrying a lizard, presumably a Sceloporus. 83 still following the 9 closely. Like 23 April, a couple of flights up on Haystack Hill. 9601 not seen for certain, but a 4th "resident-looking" bird was seen near the granary at the gate. Also, 9587 is still camped out at the gate. Saw her in the same spindly Valley Oak as 23 April. 27 April Coming by at 1100, Lots of activity in the hole we originally thought they would use. Birds looking out, etc. I test-style it up to the hole at 1145, but nest still empty. I remedy that by introducing a plaster egg. → 28 April Walter says egg tossed out by early this AM. 30 April Swing past at 1430, and two birds in the hole, one just

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Gate (30 April) Outside, I flush them out, and they fly off in a very tight pack of 3. I go up to the "nest" and find (once again) no eggs. But the bottom has a much nicer cushion of wood chips than I remember from past checks 1520, watching for awhile here. ♂♂ still definitely hot following the ♀. May even be showing more tight packing than previously. ♀601 is missing again 4 may Nest check at 1700. Of course, the nest still has no eggs, even though I've been seeing birds in or at the hole virtually constantly. However, the bottom is now very nice and well cushioned. Tomorrow? 5 may Introduce 2 eggs to the nest at 0615, trying to get egg-tossing photo. At 0635, ♀ entered, followed closely by first one ♂, then another. 0710, everybody leaves Nest check 0830. 2 fake eggs, plus one real one. (#1) She finally laid today, but did not throw out the two plaster eggs beforehand. Hmm! Why didn't she? Could she have had to lay at exactly that time, no later? Anyway, egg #1 laid 5 may, about 0640. Watching 1720 ♀601 metal/war-creeper here, after along absence at @1755, all 4 birds in top of granary, both ♂♂ peck hard at ♀601. Watched until roosting, when I'm pretty sure all 3 cone birds roosted in the nest. The ♀ went in very early, and the two males just flew around the hole after that. Saw pre-roost mounting between the ♂♂ (with no aggression) Late, I saw ♀519 fly to a ♂ and give a precopulatory

Gate 30 April 1981 Prenesting 1540 core 3 g | 1545 " | Nf 1550 " | Nf 1555 core barnold | 1600 core 3 g | 1605 core 3 haystack | 1610 nobody around | end - 1615 " | " both follow FTF MAF (3) || O O Gate 5 May 1981 Egg-laying both follow q519 1720 ? 1725 nobody 1730 nobody 1735 " 1740 | 1745 | 1750 | 1755 all 4 g 1800 q601 g / core 3 elsewhere 1805 q601 g " | 1810 nobody 1815 nobody 1820 core 3 g | q601 haystack 1825 n " | q601 nest / core elsewhere 1830 q601 nest | core elsewhere 1835 " | 1840 | 1845 all 4 g q627 nest q626 g | 1850 q519 q627 nest q626 g | 1855 " | 1900 all 3 in/at nest | Nf both MAF FTF q601 ) (3) Nf Nf Nf

1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Gate display, + the ♂ made motions to mount her. However, the other ♂ immediately flew down, and nothing happened 6 May Start 0700. ♀ and ♂627 in nest as I arrive. ♂♂ Following, of course, but now it looks like ♂626 is the "less devoted" consort to ♀519, whilst it was ♂627 well before egg-laying. End 0920. No dominance, copulations, etc. Watching again in the evening. Lots of following. Birds moving around a lot on the side of Haystack, but flycatching from the rocks & chamise. No mountings seen, no copulations, etc. Again, the ♀519 seemed to roost early, but I don't believe it was in the nest hole. When do these guys copulate, anyway? 7 May ♀587 BPink-B1K/Metal, erstwhile of Low Hay, sitting in the little Valley Oak 30 meters S of the gate, at 1420, as she was a couple of weeks ago. Nest check at 1430: 3 eggs, so I laid both today & yesterday. I did not pull the eggs out of the nest, considering the difficulty I had with that 2 days ago. Thus, they were not marked or numbered. 9 May Nest check 1100: 4 eggs This may well be the complete clutch, ♀519 failed to lay either yesterday or (more probably) today, 13 May 1800 Nest check: 4 eggs it is. I also introduce a ♂ die to the nest, to see if it gets chucked. 15 May Nest check 1800. Die still in the hole, not thrown

6 May 1981 Gate egg laying (0800)0700 start 0805 9519 δ627n, δ626g | N I 0810 " 0815 core 3 g | N I 0820 δ627 9519g | δ626 am -1-26 0825 core 3 g / N I 0830 core 3 arnold | 0835 nobody 0840 nobody 0845 core 3 arnold | 0850 " | N I 0855 (core 3 g | 0900 ? 0805 ? 0810 ? 0815 ? looking for birds 0820 ? on side of Arnold 0830 ? 0835 9519 δ627 nest δ626g | N E 0840 " | N E 0845 " | N E 0850 " | N I 0855 9519 δ627 nest | δ626 gate area | -1-24 0900 " | N I -1-26 0900 0905 (core 3 g | 0910 9519 δ627g, δ626 Arn | 0915 core 3 arnold | 0920 " | N I 6 may (cont) 1555 ? 1600 1605 1610 1615 1620 1625 1630 core 3 g δ601 1635 δ601 g | core 3 Haystack 1640 core 3. Haystack | δ601g N I - 1645 " | 1650 " | 1655 core 3 Haystack | I 1700 core 3 δ601 Haystack | I 1705 core 3 δ601 Haystack | I 1710 " 1715 " 1720 core 3 Haystack I | N I 1725 " 1745 core 3 g 1750 " | N E 1755 " | N I ♀519 F FTE NAF (12) both: 4H (4H II) II (2) ♀601 both: δ626 δ627 δ626 δ627

1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Gate (15 may) out within 48 hrs. In fact, I put the die in the hole well apart from the eggs, but looking in I found it incorporated into the @ very center of the clutch. Anyway, die removed, and the good plaster egg introduced. 16 May Nestcheck 1130. Hatching. One egg has already hatched. I pulled out egg #1, which looked like it should hatch soon. Using a spring chip, I poked a small hole in the air cell, then injected in another part of the about 0.05 ml of blue food coloring. We'll see if this works in determining which eggs produce which chicks. Very small (~3mm) piece of scotch tape used to patch injection hole, Neglected to mention that the plaster egg was still present, not thrown out! 19 may Checked nest 1500. Well, bad news for dye injection. The egg I used (#1) did not hatch. 2 eggs have already hatched, and the 3rd piped + ready to hatch. I suppose the egg might not have hatched anyway, but you never know. 22 May Nest check 1600. 3 babies, 2 large, 1 small, ad egg #1 (which I dyed) is gone! Probably already heaved out. It's possible that it hatched, and the nestling died and was ejected (or didn't die and is present in the nest), but I doubt that, since it was the 1st egg laid and hadn't hatched by 19 may 15 june Roosting, and I'm pretty sure I saw metal on the right leg of the bird that went in, meaning ♂626 roosted

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Gate 24 June Watching here 1030, 1100, who should intrude (and be chased out quite violently) but 9523 of S Hill-Low Hay. She then flew to the top of the W gate granary, then continued NW. 25 June Looking for Juv. Dominant early here, no luck 30 June 0900, Success finally, after watching here since 0630. J686 alone on the "low" storage hole limb, J685 LBlue-Red/LBlue flies in. They both lock bills, stabbing, lunging, and it looks like a tossup for a few seconds. Then J686 turns head, ad J685 pounds away at the head of J686 5-6 times. Good! No adults near. J685 seems to have problems with his left (?) eye, as it looks like he's keeping it closed most of the time. Maybe a peck from an adult or J684, Of the latter, I got some iffy evidence that J684 >> J685. On Valley Oak alone or swimming hole, J685 alone: J684 flies in, lands below, hitches up past J685, and I'm almost certain J685 chattered. It would be nice to confirm that. 1 July Watching 0920; 1040, Up till now, virtually non-stop action in multiple the low storage/roost hole branch. All 3 babies with much dominance. J684 x J685 >> J686 each 3 times, all hard + definite, all with adult present. The other 3 were J685 >> J684, although none were perfectly clear-cut. One, J685 definitely lunged (but missed) J684 as the latter hitched past. One was a standard peck with adult feeding, but I didn't see it perfectly. The last, J685 in the broken top of the limb, J684 started in, and came right back out, looking like he had

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1981 R.L. MUMAR Melanerpes formicivorus Gate (1 July) been under a pecking attack. J685 > J684 runs counter to yesterdays "iffy" interaction, So I would definitely like to see it unambiguously at least once. However, I think (will have to check the next record again) that J685 had a longer wing than J684. End 1100. 7 July Trying here again 0930. No luck. 16 July Trying again, 1100. Complete census, all 3 Juvs, all 4 adults seen well, had some chances for Juv. dominance, but no luck. End 1200. 21 Aug Watching 0845. Earlier, while at Wgare, I saw a nice juvenile dominate interaction in the top of the gate sycamore. So at least 2 Juvs still present 0900. Both J684 Grn/whit/Grn-whit ad J686 M/Bklt-Black Flycatch from the W Gate sycamore. 0945, ♂626 or/DBlue-whit (N), ♂627 Grn-DBlue/M, ♀519 Bk-Yellow/Bk all seen quite well. Missing art of course ♀609 who has apparently moved to 1500 (see 1500 (18 Aug notes)), ad J685. J685 is the dominant juvenile here, but I'm starting to wonder if he's still here. 1009 Whoa, J685 shows up, CBlue-Red/M Blue. So complete census. Plus a couple of hints that J685 > J684 as suspected. J686 moved away a couple of times when ⚫ J685 approached, ad J685 even took an acorn away from J684. End 1000. 10 Sept Well, J684 did not make it. Like J600 last year, J684 was dead on road when I passed by at 1300. He was in fairly good shape, although quite dry <stiff, but I would guess that he was road killed this morning. Also, seemed quite definitely in ♂ plumage.

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes fornicivorus Gate 5 Oct Watching here at W Gate, 1430-1630, I see ♀519 BIK/Yellow/BIK and ♂627 LPAK/DBlue, plus others I didn't get good looks at. Storing has begun! 7 Oct complete census 2 Dec Counted stores: 640 Total! 12 Dec Watching here, 0930-1030. ♀519 BIK-Yellow/BIK ♂627 LPAK-DBlue/Metal, both seen, and others. Furthermore, it turns out the "♂"685 LBlue-Red/LBlue is actually a ♀! Pretty sure, anyway. The Broken top Live Oak in Square-nail Flat has a good crop of still-green acorns, and the birds were doing a bit of harvesting from it. (along with 10-15 days!) 14 Dec Watching here again, 0930, all I see are ♀519 and ♂627 again. Also, I found a fallen Sycamore Limb with about 250 usable storage holes, and 75 Stored acorns. It was lying on the S side of Martin Road, 500 M east of the point directly underneath the 1981 nest hole. Not certain if this fell before or after my count on 2 Dec. (heck that! I just found 2 more branches near the same spot: About 150 usable holes and 105 acorns. So this was a serious loss to this group: Plus a few other odds & ends, 450 storage holes lost 3 all about mid-Nov. 200 acorns lost, 3 early December I think all this happened before my acorn count, as none of the branches I remembered from 2 Dec were missing, Also, most of the branches were covered with sycamore leaves and one was damp+moldy from lying on the ground.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Westgate Hastings Reservation 12 Jan A quick watch here at 1315, both adults present. ♂58 No leg, ♀599 Metal / Blue-Red. ♂58 flycatching from top of sycamore 17 Feb Yesterday I noted that the main granary branch (long, low, overhanging the road) had fallen. Bad news for these guys. The limb was still pretty much intact & loaded with acorns, so I prop it up against a partially fallen branch of a Valley Oak, 20 meters east of the granary sycamore. Perhaps they will still be able to use it. 11 Feb Here at 1030, no sign that these birds have used the displaced granary limb. No sign that anyone else has used it either, though. 17 Feb Granary returned to tree. corn/corn Red 8 March Quick watch at 1130. ♂58 no leg, ♀599 metal/Blue-Red both here 4 May Yet another quick watch here 1745. ♂58 corn/corn and ♀599 Metal / Blue-Red in the granary. A couple of sortees to a tree upon Haystack Hill. ♂58 doesn't seem to be tightly following ♀599, but you never know 9 May at 1030, a bird looking out of the low hole (broken stab overhanging road), a believe a ♀. Will have to look in there soon. 23 June Trying to watch for babies here 1330. I hear & see some birds (sapping?) in a live oak just up the road from the granary ♀ Red-Tan 28 June Again 1715. 1820, ♂282 Tan-Acu/Tan-Red intruding here, not chased by anybody. ♂58, ♀599, ♀692 all see well, ad almost certain that another Juve here as well.

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Westgate 29 June Trying here 0715. This time I again see juv 692 clearly many times, and I see another juv down by Maggies. However, I read the bands on him as Metal/Dark-wht , which doesn't fit at all for J693, and perhaps was J684 from Bake. 30 Jane Here again 0545. Again, J692 pops upright away. 858 seen Sapsuking briefly from a liveoak in E Coral Field, 10yds W of Tree #145. 9599 sapsucks from the live Oak 30 meters up CV road from the granary. 0700, Pretty sure now that only 1 juvenile is present Here, despite earlier impressions. 21 Aug Watching here 0730. 858 Corn/Corn Moley still hanging in here. looks fine. A9 and a Juv also seen, but no bands yet; 0830, 459d M/LBlue-Red, J692 LBlue-DBlue/DBlue-LBlue both Here as well. J693 must certainly be gone, not seen after Banding. Lots of intruders here, though, ( 9RB, ad at least one juv. Intruder Light-Dark/Metal Orange/Light-yellow, which I think was probably J687 from ARF2. Confirm, he shows up again J687 or-Blk/Metal or-white/wht-yellow Chased out by J692. He's being awfully persistent Here, I wonder if funny things have been happening at ARF2. End 0840. 5 Oct Watching here 1440-1555, complete census. Corn/Corn 858 Moley , J692 DBlue-LBlue/DBlue-LBlue, and 9599 metal / all here. J692 may be molting into Plumage, but I should check again in 2 weeks or s0 to confirm. It appears that these birds have not started to store yet. ** 6 Oct Purge J693, Not seen after Banding 8 June

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 Hastings Reservation 8 Jan Start 1528. Granary census on reverse. 1550, evidence that ♂580 still dominates, ♂577, as the latter appeared to chatter and give way (while working acorn) when ♂580 approached. 1645, ♂486 is conspicuously absent. ♂294, ♀269, ♀383, ♂577, ♂579, ♂580, ♀578 all seen well and repeatedly. End 1700, save for watching roosting. Roosting, nobody uses any of the dubious looking holes in the 1° granary, 2° granary (sycamore), or the Valley Oak up the hill from the 1° granary. I do find a bird looking out of the old Starling hole in the sycamore next to the former 1980 nest tree. The hole is in a live branch facing the road. 12 Jan After much worry, I finally see ♂486 M / DBlue-Orange. Everyone else seen here, except ♂294. Whoops, ♂294 also shows up. Complete census here. 14 Feb Start Valentines Day watch 1420. Granary census on back. Like Rd3, these guys may still be storing acorns. ♀269, ♂577, ♂579 all flew into the sycamore with Live Oak acorns 1510, ♂294 does as well. Pretty slow, actually. ♂294, ♀269, ♀383, ♂577, ♂579 all seen very well, but nobody else. End 1555 9 March A quickie watch here, 1130-1230. Good census, ♂486 M / DBlue-Orange ♀269, ♀383, ♂577, ♀578, ♂579, ♂580 all seen well. Only ♂294 missing, but he's probably here. Beautiful day, lots of Flycatching. 22 March Walter and I attach the Rd1 nest hole backup in the big sycamore adjacent to the 1980 nest tree.

8 Jan 1980 Road 1 granary census 1525 ¥269 1530 ¥269 1535 ¥269 ⑤77 1540 ¥269 ⑤77 1545 " 1550 " 1555 " ⑤80 1600 nobody 1605 ¥383 1610 ¥383 1615 nobody 1620 " 1625 " 1630 ¥269 1635 ¥269 ¥383 1640 ¥269 1645 ¥269 ¥578 ⑤79 1650 " 1655 ¥269 1700 " 14 Feb 1981 Rd 1 granary census Storage 1425-1555 90 1425 ¥383 1430 ¥269 ¥383 1435 " 1440 ¥269 ¥383 1445 ¥269 1450 ¥269 1455 ¥269 1500 ¥269 ⑤79 1505 ¥269 1510 ¥269 1515 ¥269 1520 nobody 1525 ¥269 1530 ¥269 1535 ¥269 1540 ¥269 1545 ¥269 1550 ¥269 1555 ¥269 1600 X 1605 1610 1615 1620 1625 ① ⑥294 ② ¥269 11 ② ⑥579 11 ① ⑥577 1

1981 R.C. Murme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 28 march A quick look here 1200. 9269, 9383 both here, does not looks like 9496 or 294 are hanging all over them. I guess they're not ready to nest just yet. 9577, 9578, 9579 also seen well. 1800, 9486, 9580 added as well. 9486 is definitely not following 9269 yet. Is 9294 gone? 29 march I climb up here, secure the added nest hole, wood clip/prop 2 April Start watch 0845. Nest hole construction going on in: Black Oak near granary 0900-930 9269; 0935- 1010, sty. 1005, 25 crows fly into the granary. We start eating acorns. Not much hope for defense, 9486 continues to work on hole. I end watch here. Not much chance of these guys nesting in the next few days, even if they did finish the hole. 9486 seemed a bit interested in 9269 (he was nearby during part of her hole excavation bout), but he certainly wasn't following her religiously. I thought I got a look at 9294 but wasn't sure. His status should remain questionable. 6 April Start 1035. Nest hole construction in the Black Oak near the granary proceeding rapidly. When I walked by after parking the truck, I saw 9486 metal at the hole. Now, up on PO Hill, I see a bird totally in the hole. Moving tail feathers is all that I see. Getting deep. At 1101, a lot of action at that hole. 9486 seems most involved, but [illegible], 9269, 9383, and another [illegible] (perhaps 9294) making visits there as well. 9 April Start 0735. Still working on the Black Oak hole. No evidence of 9486 following 9269. 9486, 9269, 9383, 9294 9579 too (yes!) 9577, 9580 all been well. 9486 working hard on hole -

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1981 R.L. Mumme 3 Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 12 April Start here 1000; Not ready to nest. I saw 9269, ♀383, and a ♂ (486?) in the nest hole at various times, all throwing chips out. 9269 seemed to be without escort by ♂486, and I later saw him more away from 9269 on 2 occasions. A complete census, however: 9269, 9383, ♂486, ♀294, ♂577, ♀578, ♂579, ♂580 all spe- well. Will watch here again 14 April, say? End 1120. 14 April Watching the hole under construction here at 1020. Yesterday I got a string up in the tree 1045, I find 9269 down by the 1980 nest area. When she flies back to the granary, she is followed by a unknown bird. Uhh-Oh. 1135, ♀383 has just spent the last ½ hr in the new hole in the Black Oak, tapping away. Immediately after entering, she threw a few wood chips out. ♂486 followed her to the nest area or looked in a few minutes, then flew back to the granary. He may have "visited" briefly during this time. 1143, 9269 goes to hole, with a ♂ (486?) following, In briefly, leaves with wood chips (a mouthful). 16 April Watching from my spot above the granary at 1300. Walter watched here this AM as ♀383 laid a runt egg and threw it out herself. 1410. quitting for now. Just not getting anything. Complete census, but it looks like ♂294 is not really following ♀383. 17 April Start watch from PO Hill, after a short watch at the Black Oak nest hole here. ♀383 laid an egg here today, and has not thrown it out yet. Egg normal.

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road! (17 April) 1115, I started watching nest. ♀383 made one visit from 1130-1132. Relieved by Mary Peacock at 1135. 1155, I start watching from PO Hill. At 1222, I see ♀269 go into a hole in a broken stub at the very top of the large Valley Oak, 50 meters downstream of the burned 1980 nest tree. Throws out wood chips, 3-4 times. She leaves 1236. ♀1313, ♀383 enters Valley Oak hole. 1326, ♀269 + ♂486 fly to Valley Oak hole. ♀269 at hole, ♀383 looks out. → 18 April Starting watch from PO Hill at 0610. At 0620, ♀269 flies from granary to new Valley Oak hole. Looks suspicious at the cut (I opened the hole yesterday afternoon. Very thin walls, hole not held together by very much at all). Then hitches to the top of the stub, starts backfilling. 0626, ♂486 looks into VO hole, ♀269 still at top of stub. 0630 0640, ♀269 in vicinity of Black Oak nest hole. 0645, ♀269 at hole, looking in. After looking at hole, ♀269 enters at 0648! Leaves without egg at 0650. → 0651 ♀269 enters again; ♂486 at hole (above) with ♀269. Immediately ♀269 leaves carrying an egg laid by her sister, ♀383! Hot Dog! Egg carried to granary, left there (stored?), I think! 0655, ♀269 enters Valley Oak hole. Looks out at 0702. Back down 0705, ♂486. 0710, ♀269 looks out

17 April 1981 Road 1 1155 9486 9269 9? 10g 1200 9269 9577; | 9486 towards Valhalla 1205 9269 9486 9577 9580 10g 1210 9383 9577 10g 1215 9269 9486 9578 10g 1220 9486 9269 980 nest area | others elsewhere 1225 9269 Valley Oak hole 1230 " " 1235 " " ? 10g 1240 9269 9486 maarcherate | Break 1300 9269 9486 9383 9580 10g | 1315 9486 9269 (VO nest area) 9383 (nest) | 1320 9383 (VO nest) | 1326 " " | 1330 " " | others elsewhere 1335 " " " 1340 End watch 0615 9486 9269 10g 0620 " " VO nest area | 0625 " " " | NE 0630 " " " | NE 9269 FTF MAF 9486 HTT 11/11 18 April HTT 9269 precops to 9486 11

1981 R.L. Murme 5 Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 (18 April) 0712, ♀269 back down, 075, looks out. Back down 0720, 0723, ♂486 enters too, 0726 ♀269 leaves) (During this bout, 0655-0726, ♀269 laid an egg) 0730, ♀383 enters "upper" hole of the two usable holes in the 1º granary, 0734, ♀383 leaves, [illegible] → 0736, I spot an egg wedged in at the very top of the most western (downstream) branch of the 1º granary, ♂580 pecking at egg. 0744, ♂577 now sucking juices from egg (egg is still round and in good condition, just one bill hole). ♂486 also seen using egg. Egg stored point end down, wedged into an avil area. 0843, ♂577 back in granary, eating part of egg material (yolk or white). 0846, ♀269 seen → eating egg! sucking (lapping?) albumen out of egg. 0915, ♀269 returns to feed on egg immediately followed by ♂577. → 0918, ♀269 seen in top of 1º granary, manipulating (eating, I think!) a bit of egg shell from another egg (This was the other ♀383 egg thrown out by ♀269 that I didn't see. Refer to Walter's notes), Definitely not the egg in the top of the granary, as it is still intact. 0926, ♂486 sucks on egg (intact) for several seconds, Sticky "white" readily visible on bill as he laps it up. 0928, ♀383 enters "upper" 1º granary hole again. In just for 15-30 seconds.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 (18 April) 0934, ♀383 eating a bit of her own egg in the granary! → cracking the egg a bit as she inserts her bill to the bottom of the egg. 0938, ♂577 egg sucks some 0938 ♂486 on top of Valley Oak nest stub, I suspect ♀269 inside. 0940, ♀383 enters the Valley Oak nest hole. ♂486 then eats as well. { 0942 ♀269 leaves nest, ♂486 leaves too (初) 0944 -- ♀383 leaves Valley Oak nest, carrying egg laid earlier in the morning by ♀269!!! Great! ♀383 left very slowly & deliberately, and carried the egg to the tall vertical branches at the very top of the sycamore near the 1980 nest area (the sycamore in which we placed the artificial nest hole this year. About 40-50 meters). ♀383 immediately "stores" the egg in a storage hole. Great! 0945, ♀383 returns to Valley Oak hole, enters, looks out, back down several times. 0955-- ♀269 in top of the sycamore, pokes hole in the "stored" egg (her own egg!), and starts to suck out albumen for a few seconds. Fantastic! ♀269 then flies off. Stop for awhile at 1000. 1025, Back at the watch at PO Hill. Both eggs still in place (one (♀383) 1°g, top branch, one (♀269's) sycamore top. The one in the 1°g looking a bit torn up. 1030 "Business as usual" in the 1°granary. ♀269 +

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1981 R.L. Munne 7 Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 (18 April) ♀383 working acorns next to each other in the granary, with no sign of any aggression whatsoever. 1036, ♀383 returns to Black Oak nest (empty) enters 1050. Egg in 10 granary now totally demolished. No sign of it. No birds have returned to the sycamore where ♀383 'stored' ♀269's egg. 1100 End memorable watch. Raining now. So, to wrap up! ① 3 eggs were tossed. ♀269 tossed two of ♀383's. ♀383 tossed one of ♀269's! ② All were eaten or stored. However, they all became the communal property of the group, as many different birds fed on the eggs, ad the tossers showed no defense of the egg in any way. 19 April Start watch at 0615 in rain from PO Hill. ♀269's egg (tossed by ♀383) from 18 April still in storage hole in sycamore, but largely eaten & broken up. 0730 Bluebirds 0735, ♀383 lays in Black Oak Hole (fide Walter). ♀269 lays in V.Oakhole { 0808. ♀269 enters Valley Oak hole, with ♂486 in attendance. ♀269 had been at the Black Oak nest tree, but seemed bothered by the presence of the Rope & Ropeladder, which Walter left partially up 0810 ♀269 looks out 15 sec 0814 ♀269 leaves, flies to sycamore where tossed egg was "stored yesterday" ♂577 eats some fragments of the egg. ♀383 cats some of the eggshell & remains.

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 (19 April) 0820, 9269 + 9383 2-3 inches apart in top of sycamore in 1980 nest area. No aggression whatsoever. Leave 0830. End 1015. Check nest in Valley Oak, 9269 did lay just after 0808 in the Valley Oak. Egg measured, measurements read to Walter. While check, Janet sees 9269 toss 9383's egg from this morning, and carry it to the 10 granary. Suspected to have been eaten Valley Oak hole watched rest of day, no visits, no egg tossed. 20 April Start from Hide at Black Oak hole at 0606. Mary Pearock is watching simultaneously at the Valley Oak hole 0659, 9383 enters, flies out with wood chip after 5 seconds 0705, 9383 enters. 9269, 9486, 9577 all in vicinity of hole. 0709 9294 looks in, flies off after 30 sec 0714 9294 enters nest. 9294 leaves at 0715. 0720 9383 leaves. 0724 9383 enters. 0739, 9383 garricks tuire from inside the hole, in response to waltas from granary 0745, 9269 at hole, 9383 leaves, 9269 enters and leaves immediately (< 1 seconds) carrying the egg laid by 9383 ½ hour before. Egg carried to anvil perch of 10 granary, placed on horizontal branch 0748 9269 returns, enters nest hole, 0749 9269 leaves At least 2 different birds seen feeding on egg at 0750. Both 9486 plus another. 0811 9269 in hole for about 16 seconds

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 20 (14 April) 0830 9383 enters nest, leaves 0833. 0850 8294 enters (leaves <10 second) 0915 9269 enters nest, 0919 8486 enters, 0926 8486 leaves 0929 9269 looks out, 9383 comes to hole, waltzas exchanged, no aggression. 9269 leaves, 9383 enters. 0940, 9383 leaves. Nest checks 0940-1010. Egg laid by 9269 25.2 X 19.4 were measurements. Mary reports nothing at Valley Oak hole. 1040, on PO Hill, I search the anvil in the 1st granary where I saw 9269 place this mornings tossed egg. No evidence, but then 8580 manipulates a large piece of eggshell, then eats (?) abit, End watch 1100. Roosting. I find 9269 ad a 8 (486?) in the 1st granary as I arrive. Later, another 8 shows up. Some confusion, one 8 attempts to mount 9269, but the other 8 flies down to the branch, and no copulation occurs. (As always, the 8 mounted the 8 first). After some more milling around, the birds took off to the 2nd granary as a unit of 3. Doesn't make much sense if 486 is still having exclusive contact with the 8 during the day 21 April Start watch at nest 0640. A bird in the hole as I walk up. 0646 9383 enters, leaves 0655 (laid egg?). 0701-0710 8486, 9269 9383, 9269, all look in, doubtuter. 0719 8? (294) enters. 0719, 8594 replaces. 8579 leave 0720 0728 9269 enters, leaves 0734 0747 9383 enters. 0752 9269 replaces, 0801 9269 cares

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 (21 April) 0812 9393 enters. Leaves 0821 0828 9393 enters. Leaves 0832, 98'294 & 578 enter. Both ♂♂ leave by 0840. 0845, confusion. ♂496. ♀269, ♂486 in hole. ♂3 ♂486 no longer following ♀269. 0854, ♀383 enters; 0905, ♀269 replaces ♀383, 0919 ♀269 leaves. 0920, Going to check nest. [illegible] 0945, well, too bad. Only one egg laid, marked #2 and measured 25.0 x 21.0 mm. Don't know who, but seems too wide for ♀269. On the other hand, it seems like ♀269 was more likely to lay, since ♀383 has already crated out 5 eggs before today. Will have to check walters records of ♀383 egg dimensions. 22 April Watched roosting, without seeing much. ♀269 was escorted tonight in the grassy by a ♂ (presumed 486) with no others around. No outings seen. ♀269 roosted in the upper of the 2 holes in the grassy. 25 April Roosting at the nest. A ♂ was in the hole (I thought ♂3 ♂486) when a 2nd bird with M band lower left (♂486 ♀269?) came to the hole, entered. Chattering then one bird flew out. In short, I don't know who roosted in the nest. 26 April Roosting, this time ♂486 roosted for sure. I picked up his lower left Metal Band when he flew into the grassy, then followed him all the way to the nest hole, replacing a ♀. 28 April Roosting, ♀269 (I think) was in the hole, but she was relieved by a bird with a lower left metal band. Thus ♂486 roosted in the nest 4 May Struck out at roosting. A very late exchange. Couldn't see anything. 5 May Checked the nest at 1530 Hatching! 3 Babies, 5 eggs

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road I (5 May) Eggs # 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 were still present, meaning eggs #2,4,6 had hatched! I marked the 3 babies with magic marker all on the right wing + leg. One of the babies was quite large, suspect it hatched yesterday. 16 May Roosting, and pretty certain I saw same metal band as the bird entered, meaning 8486 roosted in the nest 6 June Start watching above granary 1016, looking for ① Juvenile dominance ② Sign of renesting. As for ③, Looks unlikely. 9269 Flycatching, working stores in the granary, quite a bit, nobody nearby. D6m-6cm /metal/ Babies seem to be up toward Valhalla, J673 seen already. 1140. Well, the juvs are keeping nut too low a profile to accomplish much today. 9269, 9383, and all 4 1st yr birds seen will. J671 M/Bik-2Blue seen up above Valhalla, End. 9 June Watching here 0730-0830. Babies still keeping a very low profile. None seen today, though I suspected some were up by Valhalla. Will have to try again. 8486+269 seen, meaning adults are all here. 12 June Start watch 1400, windy afternoon, probably little chance of finding babies. 1530, as I said, not a good day. I did find J672 DBlue/Yellow (N) plus 9269, 9383, 8486, 8577, 8578, 8580. 15 June Trying again above granary, 1215. 1415, Zero again. As I leave I flush J673 + J672 out of the sap tree live oak behind the granary, but no trace of the other babies. Where are they. Maybe I'll try early tomorrow

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1981 R.C. Manne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 16 June Start 0530. What do you know dominate, finally! 0545, ♀383 Feeding J673 Dorn-Corn/M in the granary, J671 Metal/Black-Blue flies in, gives J673 a sharp peck to the head. 0820, Sheer boredom after that. J672 seen briefly later, but that's all. J670 has not seen since banding. Will have to check the nest before too long to see if he made it out. 21 June Watching above granary 0515. 0540, A bit of luck, I think. Pretty sure I saw J672 peck at 673, while 673 was being fed by adults in the granary. 24 June Once more 0700, 0845 Finally, up by Vallialla I see CBlue / DBlu-ellon (N?) J672 peck at J673 twice! good! ♂577 was nearby, but not feeding, when J672 Flen to where J673 was, gentle pecks, but J673 Showed submissive head turn, crouch, + chatter. J670 must certainly be gone. I would have seen him by now, otherwise. I'm also starting to worry a bit about J671, not seen in quite some time (well, sweet). 1000, Hanging around a bit more, definitely only J672 + J673 seem to be around. Maybe I do have a complete dominance table yet. 30 June Checked the nest hole at 1600 to see if all the babies made it out. Apparently so. No trace of any jurls in the nest hole. 1 July Trying here 0710. Looks indeed like J672 + J673 are the only ones left. 3 more mild dominance interactions, J672 mildly but definitely pecking at J673, twice in the VO, are in the sycamore, 0820, whoops, J672 >7 J673 again, this time about 6 hard pecks to the head, in the granary, with ♂580 nearby, about to feed J672 End 0900

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 5 Aug Start 0700. J672 CBlue / DBlue-Yellow (N) seen right off the bat in the Sycamore. Very white eye, and it looks like it might be in male plumage. ♀383 Yellow-Dbr/Yellow in the 1º granary, and ♂486 appears Even ♂294 shows his seldom DBlue-whr (N)/white seen Face, Bpink / DBlue-Yellow ♀269 in the 1º granary, and ♂579 orange/orange in the holey VO above the granary, Birds still doing a bit of Sapsucking from the live oak behind (downhill) the granary. Even a wrentit in the sap tree. 0800, ♂577 shows up in the granary. Four birds I watch fly over the crest of Poison Oak Hill, for God-knows what reason, Immediately, though, the granary is full of Finch intruders: ♂501 Lern/Yellow, ♂542 CBlue-Or/CBlue, ♂3540 Degree / Apink Lots of chasing, mildly by ♀383, then ♂486 returns, and there followed a very bitter scrap, with grappling, involving ♂♂. For added confusion, here at the same moment was ♀567 m/Red from A1 entered the territory here virtually simultaneously with the Finch ♂♂. Could she be moving into Finch? The Finch ♂♂ looked very interested in the acorn situation here, which is still very good. 0830, Bedlam! A full scale revolution, dare I say, except that I know there are no breeding vacancies here. Probably just expansionist tactics by Finch birds. ♀541 also turned up here. 0850, things starting to calm. Rd 1 appears in control. The only other bird I saw during all this was J673 who also was still in ♂/Juv Plumage, so perhaps it is still too early to tell. It does make me wonder a bit about ♀578 + ♂580.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road1 (5 Aug) If they were around, this certainly should have brought them out of the woodwork, unless they are off exploring. 0900, speak of the devil, ♂580 m / B1K shows up, opening walking with everybody in the 1° granary. ♀578 is still missing, hower. 0915, Pretty much all over here, save for the usual post-revolution friendliness, opening wakas, etc. End watch. Note: Finch is out of acorns, which probably had something to do with that invasion. 16 Sept A quick pass here 1530. There are still a few acorns present in the granary. Nobody in any holes, but I did run across ♂294, BPink / DBlue-yellow, ♂580, wnt/B1K, and ♂579 wnt/m. Whoa, also J672 in ♂ plumage!! Another ♂! 10ct Start watch 1400. Granary Census on back. Storing has begun here, but not really in earnest. Only a few new acorns. I'm also quite certain that they did not run out. 1600, Very slow afternoon. Helpers 577-580 all see, ♀383, (perhaps ♀269), and J♂672 only birds seen. Very little action in the granary, only one acorn seen stored. 6oct Another granary census, 0800~1000, [illegible] Bitar, Lots of storing action this time, although the pace slowed to a near stop toward the end. Good census, all 4 helpers, ♀383 ♀269 ♂446 all see. Only ♂294 and J673 missing. The latter not seen since 5 Aug, is perhaps gone for good. Will leave him on the field list for the time being, though. ** GROUP: Purge; J671 disappeared about 19 June ± 2 days Last seen UPDATE: 16 June, certainly gone by 21-24 June.

1 October 1981 Road 1 granary census 1400 nobody 05 " 10 " 15 " 20 " 25 " 30 8580 2°g | nobody 1° 35 nobody 40 nobody 45 " 50 " 55 " 1500 8578 2°g | nobody 1°g 1505 8578 2°g | nobody 1°g 10 " 15 8578 1°g | 8579 2°g 20 8578 2°g | nobody 1°g defense 25 " 30 8383 8672 8579 2°g | 35 8383 8 ? | 2°g 40 8578 8 ? | 2°g storage 45 nobody 50 " 55 8580 8 ? | 2°g 1600 nobody 1515 8578 flicker 3 6 Oct 1981 storage defence 0800 8580 1°g 05 8578 8383 2°g 10 8383 2°g 15 8579 1°g 20 J672 8577 2°g 25 nobody 30 8486 2°g | 8580 1°g 35 nobody 40 8383 1°g | 8580 2°g 45 8577 2°g 50 8383 8578 1°g | 8577 2°g 55 8577 8383 1°g | 8578 2°g 0900 83577 580 89269 578 1°g | 8486 J672 2°g | 8294 05 8269 2°g | 10 8383 1°g | 15 nobody 20 8580 2°g 25 8579 2°g 30 8383 1°g 35 nobody, 40 8383 8578 1°g | 45 8578 2°g 50 8578 2°g 55 8578 2°g 1000 8578 2°g 8580 IIII (4) 2/hr 0818 Aw ? ? 3 8578 IIII 4H (9) 4.5/hr 0825 Flicker 8486 2 8577 II HII (7) 3.5/hr 8580 2 8579 II (2) 1/hr 0843 Unid passerine 8578 8383 1 8269 I (1) .5/hr 0850 Flicker 8383 2 8383 IIII (4) 2/hr 8 ? II (2) 8486 I (1) .5/hr 8294 I (1) .5/hr 31 stored in 2hrs 15.5 / hr

1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road I 16 Oct Start watch 1100-1300, granary census + storage data on reverse. Complete census: 4 breeders, 4 ad helpers, and J672 all seen very well. Confirms that J673 has indeed disappeared. A moderate amount of acorn storage, and a lot of flycatching on a beautiful warm day. 20 oct Another storing + acorn census. Data on reverse. Everyone seen, except ♂294. A bit of storing, but mostly flycatching on a nice warm day. 30 Oct Watching again 0820, granary census below, + storage data 0820 nobody defense storage 25 " 30 " 35 ♀249 ♂383 10 40 ♂269 45 " 50 nobody 55 ♂269 ♂383 ♂486 10 0900 ♂269 ♂383 ♂486 ♂577 05 ♂383 ♂579 ♂486 10 ♂486 ♂383 ♀ ♂269 15 ♂577 ♂383 20 ♀486 ♂383 ♂579 25 ♂486 ♂578 ♂269 30 ♂383 35 nobody 40 ♂269 45 ♂269 50 ♂269 ♂579 ♂578 55 ♂269 ♂383 10 | ♀486 ♂294 20 1000 ♂269 10 | ♂578 ♂486 20 05 ♂486 20 15 ♂486 ♂579 ♂578 ♂269 ♂672 10g 20 ♂578 ♂577 10g | Complete census, everybody seen well. Plus, a new worlds record for storing activity 70 total acorns in the two hours, 47 alone in the first hour. Almost harvesting second to occur up by Valhalla,

16 oct 1981 Rd 1 gra-ary census 1100-1300 Storage 1100 nobody 05 9269 8580 9578 2°g 10 9383 8579 " 15 " 20 " 9579 8577 2°g 25 9383 8577 9578 8580 2°g 30 8672 9578 2°g | 8577 1°g 35 8577 8580 1°g | 9578 2°g 40 9269 1°g | 9486 9383 8580 8577 45 9578 8577 1°g | 8580 9269 2° 50 9578 2°g | 8577 1° 55 8580 2°g 1200 8578 8294 2°g | ? 1°g 05 9383 1°g | 8580 2°g | 9486 2°g 10 9269 9383 8580 1°g | 9486 2°g 15 9383 1°g | 8580 2°g 20 9269 9383 8579 2°g 25 8577 1°g | 9486 2°g 30 9383 8577 9574 8574 8672 1°g | 8580 2°g 35 9383 8577 8579 1°g | 8580 2°g 40 8578 8579 9486 2°g 45 8580 8578 2°g | 50 8577 8294 2°g | 55 9383 1°g | 8672 2°g 1300 9269 1°g | 9578 8580 1°g 15 in 2hrs 7.5/hr defense 1235 9383 duid passerine 2 20 oct 1981 1110-1310 Storage 1110 nobody 15 9383 8577 2° 20 8580 9383 8577 25 9383 9486 8580 2°g 30 8580 9269 35 8577 9383 1° | 8579 2° 40 8577 8580 9383 1° | 9578 9269 2° 45 8577 8580 50 8577 9579 8580 9269 1° | 55 8577 8579 1° | 1200 8577 1° | 8580 9383 2° 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 55 1300 05 10 8580 1°g | 8580 9269 8577 8580 9269 8580 2° 8580 2° 8486 8580 2° 9269 9269 2° 8486 8577 1° 8577 1° | 8577 2° 8580 1° | 8486 8579 9478 21 10.5/hr defense 1255 8577 Flicker 3

1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 9 Nov Start granary census, 1400. Details on back. 1530, Geez, what a bore! No birds let alone storing. Only ♂580 and ♀294 seen fleetingly, then ♂579. Cutting it short 1545. 4 Dec Counted stores, 1045: Valley Oak -- 1500 Sycamore -- 950 TOTAL -- 2450 12 Dec Another try at a granary census, 1055 - 1255. A little better! ♀♀269, 883, and ♂♂577, 579, 580 all seen well and repeatedly, but nobody else. A grand total of 3 acorns stored.

9 Nov 1981 Rd 1 granary census 1405-1605 1405 nobody 10 " 15 8580 2° 20 nobody 25 " 30 " 35 " 40 8294 2° 45 nobody 50 - 55 - 1500 - 05 - 10 - 15 - 20 - 25 ↓ 30 " 35 ma 8579 no Storing no defense DUD! 11 Dec 1981 Rd1 granary census 1055 nobody 1100 " 05 " 10 " 15 9383 8580 10 | 8577, 579 2° 20 9269 2° 25 9383 2° 30 nobody 35 9383 10 | 8579 2° 40 9294 10 | 8580 9383 2° 45 nobody 10 | " 50 8577 9269 10 | 9383 8580 8579 2° 55 1200 9269 9383 10 | 9269 2° 05 9269 10 10 " 15 9269 10 | 9383 2° 20 nobody hr1 . hr2 8577 1 : (1) 9269 1 : (1) 8579 1 : (1) 9383 : (2) 25 nobody 30 " 35 " 40 " 45 cut 50 short 55 (3) 1.5/hr

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Finch 7 Jan Pretty good watch, 1500-1620. ♂63, ♂66, ♂282, ♂501, ♂540, ♂541, ♂542, ♂543, ♂613, ♂616 all seen well, and I also probably saw ♀614 (Dgrn-BPnk(N)/Dgrn) but I should try again tomorrow. Conspicuously absent was ♀500. I'll look for her tomorrow. 12 Jan Well, it wasn't "tomorrow", but I get in a very good watch. All of the above birds, a good look at ♀614 (Dgrn-BPnk(N)/Dgrn) Absent once again was ♀500. I feel that she may have "cashed her check", moving on, dead, or just temporarily wandering and not present. Feb 19 Foggy afternoon, I sneak in a quick watch here. ♂282, ♂501, ♂540, ♀541, ♂543, ♀616 all here, seen well. Not a great census, birds not doing much. No evidence of a new ♀ yet. 9 March Very good watch here, 1030-1130. ♂63 Grn-Blk/Grn-Blk, ♂66 Red/Blue-wrt, ♂282 Tan-Red/Ta-Red, ♂501 Lgn-Yellow, ♂540 M/LPnk, ♂541 Blk-Yellow/Mauve, ♂542 ♂543 Dgrn/DBlue, ♂613 Red-DBlue/metal, ♀614 Dgrn-BPnk(N)/Dgrn and ♀616 M/Yellow-DPnk all seen very well. Lots of flycatching from VO on Arnold side of creek. Complete census, except for ♀500, who must certainly be gone. End 1130. No new ♀ yet. 16 March I swing past early (0900) no sign of a power struggle. At Roosting, it looks like the entire group is roosting in the sycamore 1980 nest tree. Confusing, but it looked like most (8+) roosted in the nest hole, one roosted in a hole above it, and one roosted in one of the two holes that overhangs the road.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Finch Hastings Reservation 21 march Roosting here, after some last-minute moving around, 9 birds roosted in the nest hole (1980), 2 birds were in a hole about 3ft above the nest hole for a while, but late, one flew away (to where?) and another flew to the next hole, becoming the ninth bird. 28 march Swing by here at noon, no sign of power struggle and/or new Q yet. ♂66, ♂540, ♀541, ♂543, ♂614 all seen. ♂60♂541 3 April Ambush set at the 1980 nest hole, but only 2 roost there Two roost in a hole above, and 1 roosts in a hole below. I don't know where everyone else went. Ambush cancelled, OK? 6 April Aswing by here 1245, no revolution yet. (12 April) No action here 1100. 14 April A quick look here, ♂63, ♂66, ♀543, ♂614, ♂501 seen here. No revolution yet. 21 April No sign of revolution activity or nests at 1030. 23 April Finch birds in acorn-bearing Live Oak at Gate (see Gate notes) 30 April Start watch here 1300 to see if a ♀ has snuck in here (like one did at Gazebo). ♂614 Narrow/metal, But that's all. Very little action here at all. 7 May Start 1100. Uh-Oh, a ♂ looking out of '80 nest hole ♂501, ♂66 seen, will have to look here again. 9 may Swing past at 1015. Nobody in the '80 nest hole this time. ♀543 Dorn/DB the here, and no sign of a Dom → new ♀. 1025, ♂282 pecks at ♂540!! ♂63, ♂66, ♂501 also seen. ♂501 also pecks ♂540. 18 may Quick look here 10-1100 ♂63; ♂66, ♂282

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Finch (18 May) ♂501, ♀543, ♀614 all here. No sign of a nest, new ♀, or revolution activity. ♂543 sapsucked once from the live oak by the parking lot. 27 May See Fanny Arnold notes: ♀641 intruding there (!), Blk-Yellow/Mauve in the 12 June A quick look here at 1600 ♂541 Valley Oak granary. Also ♂540. 16 June Another look at 0940 produces ♂613 Red-Blue/m, who hasn't been seen in a long time 24 June ditto at 0700, ♂542 (Blk-Dr / Blk). 20 July A full blown watch here, starting 0900. ♂63, ♂66, ♂282, ♂501, ♂540, ♂541, ♂543, ♀614 all see quite well. Birds are doing some sapsucking from the agrifolia overhanging the parking spot on the SW side of the road. → 1020, ♂501 chatters vigorously to ♂282, when ♂282 flew to ♂501 in the sycamore granary. 1040, ♂542 also present. 1050, ♂66 drinking out of a Valley Oak "well", in the medium sized Valley Oak directly across the creek from the sycamore granary. 1100, Looks like ♂613 (who was here 16 June) and ♂616 (who hasn't been seen since I saw him intruding at Gate), are missing. I might bet that ♂613 is still around, But ♂616 is likely to be gone. 1110, well, didn't take long to be proved correct. ♂613 seen in the "flycatch" Valley Oak on Arnold side of the road. Seemed to be chasing somebody, but I never saw the leg of the chased bird. 5 Aug Finch Birds intruding at Rall (see Ral notes). Birds here are virtually out of acorns. ♂63, ♂66, ♂282 here as well,

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1981 R.L. Mumme 4 Melanerpes formicivorus Finch 16 Sept Very quiet here when I walk by at 1515. Nobody in hole, no birds around. 20 Oct An extraordinarily good census here, 1000-1100. Everybody seen, including ♂616, who hadn't been seen since April and who I had give up on long ago! Birds seen: ♂666 ♂663, ♂282 ♂501, ♂540, ♂541, ♂542, ♂543, ♂613, ♂614, ♂616. Lots of flycatching activity, and a little bit of storing going on. 2 Dec I continue to do well here: I drive up at 1245, and by 1300, I've seen all 11 birds (same as above). No sign of anew ♀. Birds are active storing Live Oak acorns in the valley oak. Counted stores Valley Oak 470 North sycamores 130 Main sycamore 280 South sycamore 25 TOTAL 905

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1981 Ronald L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 Hastings 7 Jan Start 1120. Granary census on back. These guys are still Storing acorns, and they seem to be gathering live oaks acorns from the "Creek side of the road," about 50 meters downstream from the granary. Everybody (except 8538, of course, certainly dead) seen well. Last hour I Take storage data. All dark, agrifolia acorns. End 1320. 868, 8184, 8265, 8537, 8589, 8618, all here. 11 Feb Start 0805. Granary census on back. 8265 looking out of 1980 nest hole as I arrive. 0820, a 8 also in the hole with her. 0830, everybody emerges from roosting. Only 8537 seemed to be roosting in another hole. 0935, everybody out, but (presumed) 8184 still looking out of 1980 nest. Emergence sequence was 8265, 868, 8539, 8618, 8184, with 8537 apparently elsewhere. 8184 also seen well, so census already. 0930. Believe it or not, those guys are still bringing in acorns and storing them. Looks like agrifolia. 8184 & 8618 have done it for sure, I suspect others as well. 8265 40-20. Storage data on back. Again, Live oak acorns are coming from the creek side of the road west (toward Finch) of the granary End 1005. 16 March Start 0900. Granary census on back. 8265 DBlue/Yellow-4Blue 0910, 8184 & 868 fly into VO granary, the 868 approaches 8184 → 868 chatters to 8184, as 8184 was extracting an acorn bit. 0939, → 8184 pecks at 8537 on a storage limb. So he still dominates the lyrebird. Granary census interrupted by bulldozer work. 8184, 868, 8537, 8618 all seen well. 8539 Conspicuously absent. No following/guarding of 8265 yet. End 1130

Road 3 granary census 7 Jan 1981 | acorns stored 1220-1320 | ♀265 ♂184 ♂68 ♂537 ♂53 1120 ♂537 ♂539 1125 ♂539 ♂184 ♂265 ♂537 1130 ♂539 ♂618 ♂184 ♂? 1135 ♂539 ♂184 ♂265 1140 ♂68 ♂265 others 1145 ♂68 ♂265 ♂537 1150 ♂184 ♂618 1155 one bird 1200 ♂68 ♂265 1205 ♂265 1210 ♂265 1215 ♂265 1220 the bird 1225 ♂184, ♂68 1230 ♂537 ♂539 1235 ♂68 ♂539 1240 ♂539 ♂68 1245 2 birds 1250 ♂184 ♂539 1255 ♂68 ♂265 ♂184 ♂539 1300 one bird 1305 ♂68 1310 nobody 1315 ♂265 ♂618 1320 ♂265 ♂184 ♂68 ♂537 ♂539 ♂618 60 minutes storage data Road 3 granary census 11 Feb 1981 0805 everybody ♂265 (in 1980 nest) | 910 ♂184 0810 un 11 | 915 ♂184 ♂618 ♂265 ♂539 815 ♂265 in 1980 nest, at leystoneother | 920 ♂184 ♂265 ♂618 820 | 925 ♂184 ♂265 825 ♂265 ♂? (in 1980 nest) | 930 nobody 830 everybody | 935 835 ♂184 ♂68 ♂618 ♂537 ♂539 | 940 ♂537 840 ♂184 ♂537 | 945 ♂184 845 ♂539 | 950 ♂539 ♂537 850 ♂618 | 955 ♂537 855 nobody | 1000 ♂537 900 11 | 1005 nobody 905 ♂68 | 1025 dozer Storage 0935-1005 0805-0930, all birds still in roost holes in sycamore 30min Road 3 Granary Census 16 March 1981 0900 ♂265 | 1005 ♂184 ♂537 0905 nobody | 1010 ♂184 ♂537 ♂265 0910 ♂618 ♂184 ♂265 | 1015 ♂184 ♂537 ♂68 ♂265 0915 ♂68 ♂184 ♂265 | 1020 ♂184 ♂537 ♂265 0920 nobody | 1025 0925 " | 1030 0930 ♂68 ♂184 ♂265 | 1035 0935 ♂184 ♂265 | 1040 0940 ♂184, ♂537 {Bulldozer | 1045 0945 ♂184, ♂537 } activity | 1050 0950 ♂184 ♂537 | 1055 0955 ♂184 ♂537 | 1100

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 28 March Start 0905. Looking for following of 9265, sign of a nest(?) and 9539. 0950, 9265 flies off, ignored (not followed) by 8184. 868, 9265, 8537, 8618 all seen well, so 9539 is most likely gone, disappeared March 1 ± 2 weeks. No following, no interest in nest holes. 1000, Take it back, 9265 flies into granary, 2818 right behind her. 1005, 9265 flies to 1980 nest hole, enters briefly, leaves with woodchips. 1030, she appears to be working on a hole in the VOak granary, in the live horizontal limb that overhangs the road. End 1130. In summary, these guys look like their starting to get interested in nesting. Will have to watch here again soon, Whoa, 8184 looks a bit at another hole start at the base of the lower granary limb in the Valley Oak 1 April Start 1545, cold, drizzly day. A8 looking out of the 1980 nest hole as I pull up. 1600-1625, 8537 r 8618 alone in the granary area. It was 8537 in the nest hole. 9265 here earlier, may have been followed by both 88. They could be getting ready to do it. Anyway, these 2 helpers Failed to Follow (FTF) 9265. 1626 9 flies in, good double follow 1641 9265 enters hole, think 8537 already in. He exits 1648 9265 in alone. 1650, 868 at nest either he or 8618 enters at 1651. 1703 868 leaves nest 1730, 8537 in nest alone. 1738, 9265 8537 enter confused r.d. 1820.

28 March 1981 granary census, mate guarding, Road 3. 1000 9265 2♂♂ 1005 " " NI 1010 " " NI 1015 " " NI 1020 " " I 1025 9265 ♂184 | ♂68 ♂618 ng 1030 core 3 NI graa- 1035 " " 1040 " " 1048 " " 1050 core 3 I 1055 core 3 I 1 April 1600- Mate guarding -1600 ♂537 ♂618g | core Belswehar -1605 " " NI both ♂♂ follow ♂184else ♂265 close approaches -1610 " " NI -1615 " " NI ♂537 FTF ♂68 FTF ♂265 prelopi -1620 " " ♂618 FTF -1625 ♂537 ♂618 1630 all 5 graa- 1635 all 5 ind g | I 1640 all 5 g | NI (jus-oostny?) 1645 " " | NE 1650 all 5 g NI (♀ inside, ♂68 at hole) ♂537 ♂618 1 1655 all 5 g I (♀ in hole ♂68 in hole) 1700 " " ♂537 also with ♂68... ♂184 perched nearby. Notes about ♂618 1705 ♂68 all but ♂618g (♀265,♂537 in hole I) NI 1710 " " 1715 ditto ♂265 out of hole 1720 ♂68 ♂184 ♂265 ♂537 (in hole) g | NI 1725 all 5 g | NI -1730 ♂537 ♂618 g | core 3 elsewhere (together furthmore) I -1735 ♂537 ♂618 g | NE others elsewhere -1740 ♂537 in hole ♂618 vg | NE -1745 " " " -1750 " " " 1755 all but ♂68g | -1800 ♂537 ♂265 in hole, ♂184 hear g | 1805 ? 1600-1800 120 min

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 2 April Start 1045. They are still harvesting acorns from the area SW of the granary, 1120, P265 enters nest hole, ♂68 goes to nest, leaves at 1022, 11024 enters again, leaves with wood chips 11030, ♂184 enters alone, tosses out wood chips. 11050 P265 enters nest again, followed by ♂184. 1158, ♀ leaves, sits on entrance to nest, 1205, ♀265 flies off, ♂68 follows immediately, ♂184 follows 5 sec later, leaving nest. I don't think they have eggs yet, but I'd bet they will soon. 1336 ♂84 enters hole, leaves 1340. End watch. 3 April Egg tossing experiment. A good plaster egg placed in the nest hole at 0630. Nest was empty. Ready + watching by 0650. Birds (at least 4) were still in the roosthole when I arrived at 0620. That is, they were all roosting in the "nest." 567 from intruding → Q801 ♂537 enters; 803 out; Lucres 806. 0820 ♀ intruder I read as metal/rod. Perhaps ♂567 from 41? A0? NB chased 6-1 ♂184, 0835. 925, Pathole, looks in a lot, then leaves w/o entering Shit! 1104, Same(?) banded ♀ intruder, chased actively by ♂265 1120. I'm giving up! ♀ hasn't been in hole. 4 April Check nest at 0930, and fake egg is gone! It weighed 5.80 → g, by the way. Was removed between 1130 yesterday and 0930 today. Successful experiment. Still haven't laid yet, though I have to think that they will soon. I'll check again tomorrow.

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1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 5 April Checked "nest" at 1745, still nothing. Added poor egg mimic (dice) at the same time. Will watch here tomorrow, 6 April Start 0825 after a foggy morning. ♀265 looking out of the "nest" hole as I arrive. Don't see anyone else, so they may be still at roost. Yes, everyone leaves at 0835. Actually, I see only the core 3 for sure. 0900, ♀265 enters nest briefly, leaves with a touch of [illegible] wood shavings. Could the egg die be gone already? 0925, She enters, [illegible] leaves with nest material again. 0735, ♂184 enters nest very briefly. Big question: Where are ♂537 + ♂618? Both couldn't have died since 3 April? Are they wandering together, participating in a revolution somewhere, or what? 0948, ♂618 shows up briefly, eats acorn, then flies off up toward PO Hill End 1000. I still doubt that these guys laid eggs today, but it sure seems like it should be soon! I'll try tomorrow. 7 April Check nest at 1630, Empty. Meaning ① Dice was indeed tossed out (I even found it underneath the top limb of the 2° (Valley Oak) granary. Next! Since I'm sure I would have seen it in yesterday's visit, I presume that it was heaved out between 1000 6 April and this afternoon. Tossed within 48 hrs (I'd guess within 24 hrs) 8 April Start 1200: ♂184 enters nest, tosses sawdust. ♂184 enters 1220. ♀ leaves 1230, ♂ follows immediately, ♂537 + ♂618 FTF, still interested in hole and I'd bet no eggs yet. End 1235

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M81 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 9 April Checked nest 1545. Still no eggs. Getting tired of this. 10 April Another check 1530. Would you believe still no eggs? 11 April Start watch here 0800. Looks like ♂♂ are still following 9265, so at least they haven't nested elsewhere yet 0820, Very strange, a Stellers Jay near me gives a very good imitation of an Acorn Woodpecker excited tapir. Never heard that before. 0835, 9265 at hole, but does not enter 1046, 6537 looks in as well. 0850, core 3 arrives, 4 NB intruder in the sycamore "perch" tree (not granary) 9265 does not chase. 0906, 8618 briefly enters nest. 0915, Not much interest in nest hole today. Could they be planning to nest elsewhere? If so it would be likely to be along the creek S or W of the granary, as birds seen tosped a lot of time over there. 12 April Peeped in at 1730. Still empty. Getting very tired. 13 April Lets try another watch, starting at 1000. 1030, 9265 enters nest. They're still interested, leaves 1033. End 1100. They've got to nest in that hole soon! 1730, nestcheck. I peep in and hallucinate 2 eggs, then reach in and find the nest empty once again. 14 April Nestcheck 1700, peeped in. Empty. 16 April Nest check at 1200. Peeper reveals nothing. I'll have to watch here again, soon. 17 April Whoops! Nest check at 01820, 2 eggs! They've finally done it! It also means I missed an egg on my check yesterday, but no matter. Watched roosting here as well. Not unexpectedly, the 3 core members came in

11 April 1981 Rd 3 granary census, association, + rato guarding. F FTF MAF 0800 nobody 0805 core 3 δ618 granary area | 0810 nobody 0815 δ618 g | 0820 core 3 g | 0825 core 3 δ537 g | 0830 δ537 g | 0835 core 3 δ537 δ618 | 0840 nobody 0845 nobody 0850 δ537 g | 0855 core 3 δ537 g | 0900 core 3 δ618 g | NE 0905 " " " " " " " " 0910 δ537 δ618 g | 0915 nobody 0920 nobody 0925 δ618 g | 0930 nobody 0800-0930 90 min F FTF MAF 13 April 1981 Rd 3 δ184 1000 Nobody 1005 " " " 1010 all 5 g area | 1015 core 3 δ537 g | I 1020 all 5 g area | I 1025 core 3 nrgrl δ618 δ537 g | 1030 core 3 δ537 g | I 1035 core 3 g | 1040 core 3 δ618 g | 1045 δ537 g area | 1050 δ618 δ537 g | core elsewhere 1055 δ537 alone g | 1100 δ618 alone g | 1000-1100 60 min

1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 (17 April) to the 2° granary as a tight pack early, But nothing much happened. ♂184 & ♂68 mounted each other several times (especially after the 9265 went into roost hole), with no sign of aggression at all. One ♂ attempted to mount the ♀, but there was a scuffle / jumble, and no copulation took place. 18 April Nest check 1730. 3 eggs, the one laid today marked #3 and returned 21 April Nest check 1015 - 4 eggs bird in the hole as F arrived, clutch complete. Egg measurements ① 25.8 x 19.8 2 first-2 ② 25.5 x 20.0 ③ 24.7 x 20.1 3rd (laid 18 April) ④ 25.2 x 19.7 4th (laid 19 or 20 April) 23 April Nest checked: 4 eggs, plus F introduced a plaster egg ( measurements, weight at right) at 1530. 6.10 g 25 April Checked nest here 1200. Plaster egg (not surprisingly) is still here! Good. Removed it, introduced one dice (die) into the nest. Still 4 good eggs. N=1 27 April Nest checked 1100. Still 4 eggs, plus one warm die (♀ was in when I arrived). Good! They did not throw out the die. N=1 1 May Byron reports Rd3 young have hatched by this morning! 23 May Baded 3 very heavy young w/ Walter 31 May Here at 1710, thinking that I was going to be watching for dominance interactions among the juveniles. It looks like

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 31 may 1981 one baby is still in the nest, and ♂537 + ♂618 seem to be feeding fledglings (although none seen) in the P.O. Hill area The big news is however, These guys have /or will have a 2nd nest! ♂184 + ♂68 are (as usual) tightly following ♀265 around. Also, she has been in (with ♂♂ following) a nice low hole facing the road, just below the "ladder crotch", May already have an egg or two. If not, soon! Also, I saw a not bad dominance interaction between ♂69 + ♂184. ♀265 flew to the 1st nest hole entered (both ♂♂ followed, and were standing side by side at the hole entrance, when ♂184 gave a quick gentle peck to the head of ♂68. ♂68 then chattered for a few seconds. 1 June Nest check (the "new" hole) 0830. Sunovagun, Egg, most likely laid this morning I forgot to take my pen up (not smart), but the egg had NO air cell, a nice "track" around the widest part of the egg and a smudge in the middle. Also, a baby was still in (looking out) of the first nest, so these guys overlapped nests (lit by the barest of margins.) 2 June Nest check 1745. 2 eggs, and I'm pretty sure that I recognized egg #1 ad egg #2 would have to have been laid today. Nobody in the first nest, and Mary reported nobody in the nest when she watched yesterday. Watched through to roosting. Looks like both ♂♂ still following the ♀ around However, ♀265 looked like she might have been bothered by my opening up the 2nd nest hole,

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1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 (2 Jane) and she seemed to be spending a lot of time in the 1st nest hole. Hope she doesn't split her clutch. Nothing really interesting seen, behaviourwise. However, I did see J654 (1/2 blue) and J656 Red-whit/D Blue. 3 June Start 1045 Looks like ♀ following breaking down. J654 1110, I saw ♂84 really jump on ♂618 when the latter was in → the top of the Sycamore working acorns. Another case of young birds being 'excluded' from the granary? 1145, Actually, it looks (like last year) that ♂68 is still fairly enthusiastic about following ♀265, but ♂84 does not seem to care about her. Nest check 1200. 3 eggs, the one laid today marked #3 and returned. 4 June Nest check 1345 4 eggs. #4 marked + returned. A bird incubating when I arrived, so clutch may be complete. 5 June Nestcheck 1215. Still 4 eggs, so unless a late one goes in tomorrow, I'd say clutch was complete as of 4 June. Will check again & measure eggs in a couple days 9 June An inauspicious start watching here 0930-1115. Complete dominance table (!) (see reverse), all interactions seen in the big Valley Oak in the PO Hill flat. Only the dom. Juv (655) seen in the granary. Complete census as well, J655 really nailed J654 hard, while 654 > 656 and 655 > 656 were more gentle taps. Only in the 2 654 > 656 cases was an adult present and feeding (feeding 654). Sehr Gut! Would like to have others watch here to increase sample.

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1991 R.L. Mumme Melanotopes formirivorus Road 3 (9 June) I also saw a dominance interaction between ♂537 and ♂618. They were together on one of the Valley Oak storage limbs, when ♂537 gave ♂618 a gentle tap on the head. ♂618 chattered and covered slightly. 11 June Finally get around to checking the 2nd nest to measuring the eggs here. Still 4 eggs, and it looks like all might hatch (1) 24.9 x 19.5 laid 1 June (possibly 31 May) (2) 24.4 x 20.1 2 June (3) 24.7 x 19.9 3 June (4) 24.7 x 19.4 4 June Expect hatching to commence 13-14 June. 13 June Nest check, 1815. 4 eggs, no hatching yet. 14 June Nest check 1445. still 4 eggs, no hatching yet. 15 June Nest check 1415. Synchronous hatching! All 4 eggs have hatched, presumably early today, so an 11-day (exactly) incubation period. 21 June Nest check 1615. 4 babies doing well, 6½ days old Or-Brn .. 30.5 g calmon 11.2 wing 14.1 eyes closed small tips to feathers Or-CGrn 29.0 10.1 13.3 DPnt-DBlu 33.0 11.0 15.0 NB 27.5 g 9.3 12.7 25 June 1700 Nest check 6th P° centralobita Or-Brn 47.0 g 15.4 21.4 2 2 Or-CGrn 46.5 g 13.2 21.3 1 1 DPnt-DBlu 51.0 g 14.7 23.8 4 2 NB 42.0 g 12.2 19.8 1 1 eyes of all just starting to open, feathers just pining out

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 30 June Nestcheck 1430 wt culmen wing 6th 10 central retrix Or-Brn 67.5 18.5 48/35 21 16 Or-Lcorn 68.0g 17.6 41/29 18 13 DPk-DBlue 73g 18.0 54/32 25mm 16 NB 62g 15.9 41/31 16 12 All 4 babies fine. Traces of red on the head, eyes fully open 15 days old. 8 July Nest check + bonding 709 Or-Brn 75g 23.1 91 64 41 708 Or-Lcorn 73g 20.6 84 59 44 707 DPk-DBlue 80g 21.1 92 64 44 710 NB 66.5g 18.2 82 61 44 707 709 710 708 crown hierarchy → 710 pecked at 708 19 July Watching for Juvs here 1300. Wow, I find J654 46k/m over on "the Flat" in the Big Valley Oak (30 meters east of granary, or POHill side of road). Looks like he's closing in on adult plumage. He still looks like a ♂ so it still may be too early, but his eye is getting quite light. 1500. Complete casus of adults and 1st brood Fledglings, plus new juvs 709 36k/m ad 710 66m/metal Took me quite a while to track them down, but both were along the road close to Finch, in the area where the birds were a lot during 1979. 21 July Again, 0700-1000. 3 Juvs, 708, 709, +710 all seen, but again no sign of J707. I watched about an hour here yesterday, and didn't see him then either.

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1981 R.L. Munne. Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 (21 July) No dominance action seen, as I was trying to watch a bit at both the granary and the PO "flat" When I first arrived, a ♂ intruder that I didn't recognize (Black/brn Blk (?)) was here being chased. Also a Cooper's Hawk today. 24 July Starting 0810. 1110, Nothing much to report 27 July Start 0845. 0920, When, virtually non-stop action here for awhile. Basically I confirmed the dominance rank of the first brood babies, and saw one certain J709 >> J708, (+3 probable: J709 was definitely pecking hard at another Juv behind the large granary. About 5 min later, after some goings & comings, J708 emerged from that spot (whereupon J709 pecked at J708). Also a probable J709 >> J710. About 4-5 birds, including the three first brood juvs, in the upper limb of the two Valley oak storage limbs. Pretty sure I saw one Juv of the second brood (dark eye) peck hard at a second Juv, which flew down to the low VO limb. The latter turned out to be J710, and up until that time I had seen only J709 on the upper limb. Not great, but a not unreasonable inference. Also, a few first brood juvs >> 2nd brood, and adults >> first brood. Summary on backs. End 1045. Complete census, 5 ad, 6 Juvs. 5 Aug Watching here 0945. ♂265, ♂868, ♂537, ♂618, J654, J655, J656. J708, J709 all seen well. Two interbrood interactions: J656 >> J709, or J654 >> J709. That's about it. 7 Aug Watching here 0840. (0740). Pretty slow. ♂184 + J710, who weren't seen 5 Aug both here. In fact, a

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 (7 Aug) a nearly complete census, only Juv, 655 not seen. I also got another hint that J709 >7 J710, as J709 charged right past J710 to be fed by an adult, with no protest from J710. End 1030 (0930) whoops, J655 shows, so Complete Census - 5 adults, 6 Juveniles (J707 is of course, gone). 28 Aug Start 0735. Lots of strange goings-on when I arrive. Seems like one or more intruders were hanging around on the periphery. I heard garricks on a couple of occasions and an occasional cheese in the granary area, though it was never able to ID any intruders. The residents here were all quite active, unusually so; 9265 was especially hyped up. She was flying to other group members, tail-raising, open-wings makes the works. 0820, things calm now. 368 harvests a BlackOak green acorn (presumably), and works it in the VO. J710 begs from 368, 368 feeds J710. Well, complete census: 5 adults (368, 368, 9265, 5537, 6618), 6 Juvs (634, 655, 656, 708, 709, 710). And Believe it or not, it looks like J634, J635, and J656 have all acquired adult male plumage. White eyes, look glossy, etc. They certainly should have molted by now, so I can only conclude (tentatively) that they are 8♂. 0920, very quiet now. I did see One juv. dominance interaction, J656 > J709 (very mild), but nothing else. End 0915. 16 Sept A walk past 1500. No body in any holes. No birds period. These guys appear to be finally out of acorns, which probably explains why no birds are around.

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1981 R.L. Mumme 13 Melanerpes fornicivorus Road 3 2 Oct Granary watch 0800-1000 on reverse. Storing just getting started, now. Two interesting points: ① ♂184 is excavating a roost/nest hole (as if they need another one) in the sycamore branch overhanging the road. I hope that doesn't come to pass, as it would require an extension ladder placed smack in the middle of the road to get to. ② Birds are drinking from a tree well in the Valley Oak granary; Easy to see because of the heavy dark stain streaming down the side of the tree from it. All 5 adults, J♂654 655, 656, J708, 709 see-. Only J710 not seen: Perhaps gone 6 Oct GROUP UPDATE: Purge J707 -- Not seen after banding, 8 July 15 Oct Granary watch, 1045 - 1245. Assuming that J710 is indeed gone, another complete census. A fair amount of storing, entirely by helpers + jays. Birds showing a lot of interest still in that new roost hole overhanging the road. don 19 Oct Granary census below, 1400-1600 don 8657 J655 709? 708 (?) Storage 1400 J710 J655 J537 25 J537 05 J537 J618 30 J537 10 "" J618 J265 35 J618 15 "" J655 40 ? 20 J655 11 J709 J708 J265 45 nobody 25 J655 J537 J655 708 J265 50 "" 30 J658 J654 J618 J265 55 "" 35 Guze warder- discount 1600 11 40 J709 J658 J537 45 J618 J537 defense 50 ? "" 55 J658 J618 J709 1500 J654 J658 J618 J654 05 J618 J709 J654 10 J656 15 nobody 20 J618 23 11.5/hr

Road 3 granary Census 2 Oct 1981 0800 - 1000 0800 9265, 8184 | 805 9265 J708 | 10 8654 15 8537 8654| 20 9265 8537 | 25 8184 8656 9265 | 30 8184 8537 8655 35 8184, J709 40 8537 45 8537 868 50 8537 Storage 0900 8618 05 868 10 nobody 15 9265 868 8618 20 8184 | 25 nobody 30 8537 35 8537 8184 9265 40 nobody 45 nobody (Cartsy-farty airy fairy Zen slithhead near) 50 8184 8655 55 nobody 1000 8618 9265 defense 0805 J708 2 Unid passerine 0815 868 3 Flicker 0830 8655 1 Starling 0845 9265 2 Intruder ? 0845 8537 1 Bl. Phoebe 8184 hole excavati 0820 start 0835 end 8537 0848 start 0849 end 8618 #0958 sto 1000 end 22/2 hr 11 per hr Granary watch 15 Oct 1981 storage defense 1045 8537 8618 II 50 8537 9265 J8654 HHH III (2) 1/hr 55 8537 9265 8618 J708 HHH HHT (8) 4/hr 1100 8618 8537 LII (10) 5/hr 05 8618 8654 J8655 IHI (5) 4/hr 10 8654 J709 II (3) 1.5/hr 15 8537 8656 I (2) 1/hr 20 8654 8655, others ? IIII (1) .5/hr 25 J708 8654 8655 30 8655 35 J709 8654 40 9265 8654 8537 J708 45 868, others 50 868 8654, 8537 55 8184 8537 8618 9265 8564 1200 8184 9265 8655 05 9265 8184 8654 allan 8655 10 8537 8618 8654 15 8537 J708 9265, 20 9265 8618 8656 38 19/hr

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 (19 Oct) The most interesting thing was that J710 White/DPink actually is here, and in ♀ plumage. Only saw her briefly when I first arrived, but I was quite certain. A complete census 21 Oct Another granary census, 0800-1000, Details on reverse, 0820 ♀710 Wnt/DPink eating grit from below the sycamores. A fair amount of storing action but no defense. Everybody seen but ♂618. He should be around, certainly. 30 Oct Another watch here, 1045-1245. A real storing frenzy; 69 in the two hours; Most of the acorns came from the PO Hill side of the road, a few from the Big Valley Oak next to the car-park Complete census, except (once again) ♂618 not seen again! Starting to worry about him, 6 Nov Again, 1415-1615. 1415 ♂537 ♂709 ♂709 ♂184 20 ♂184 others 25 ♂656 others 30 ♂656 ♂654 ♂704 35 ♂68 ♂656 ♂709 40 ♂184 ♂656 ♂709 45 ♂184 ♂656 ♂708 ♂68 ♂265 (all working on green) ♀710 50 " ♂537 55 ♂708 1500 ♂184 ♂265 05 ♂184 ♂265 1605 ♂184 10 " 15 ♂184 ♂68 20 ♂68 25 ♂68 30 ♂68 35 ♂184 40 ♂184 45 ♂184 50 " certainly be gone. 1600 " storage ① ② Total ♂537 111 ④ ♂184 ③ ♂709 ③ ♂708 ⑤ ♂656 ② ♂655 ① ♀710 ① ♀265 ② u ③ 23 1 24 in 2 hrs 12/hr Complete census, Save ♂618, who must

Road 3 granary census 21 oct 1981 0800-1000 0800 537 05 537 184 10 537 710 15 537 20 537 25 nobody 30 710 35 710 40 654 45 nobody 50 " 55 " 0900 " 05 " 10 265,710 15 265 20 68 184 654 25 537 654 30 184 265 35 nobody 40 710 537 708 45 537 709 708 50 654 55 537 1000 537 storage 537 1 709 1 710 1 184 11 654 1 618 1 265 1 Unt 1 708 1 68 23, 11.5/hr 655 654 breeders Old helpers 1st brood 184 6 537 28 654 10 708 14 68 4 618 7 655 5 709 15 265 5 656 2 710 1 5/bird 17.5/bird 5.67/bird 10/bird 30 oct 1981 1045-1245 Storage 1045 265 50 265 655 537 55 656 1100 265 68 05 265 706 184 537 710 10 11 " 15 656 655 68 265 20 11 " 25 537 265 184 655 30 537 68 35 68 537 265 654 40 537 654 656 45 708 709 184 655 50 537 55 537 654 184 1200 nobody 05 10 265 708 15 537 265 20 ? 25 655 656 30 654 68 35 655 708 68 40 537 68 656 45 656 265 655 defense 710/1110 2 unia passerin ? 1128 1 Shellers Jay 31 38 69 69 / 34.5 / hr

1981 VASSO R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 4 Dec Counted stores, 1000: Valley Oak 460 Sycamore 1150 Total 1610 14 Dec Granary census, 1050 - 1250. A little bit of storing activity (Live Oak acorns, of course). Also, birds are still doing a bit of excavation on the hole overhanging the road. I'm afraid they may be serious about nesting there. Complete census, except ♂708 + 709 (ad 68)

14 Dec 1981 Rd 3 Granary census 1050 - 1250 storage lith. 2.6bar ♂655 11: ② ♂537 1: 11 ③ ♂68 1: ① ♀265 1: ① ⑦ 3.5/hr 1050 nobody 55 ♂655 1100 05 ♀265 ♂68 ♂656 10 ♀265 ♂68 ♂656 others 15 ♂184 others 20 ♂537 others 25 nobody 30 ♂655 35 nobody 40 ♂68 dtlrg ♂656 others 45 ' ' ' 50 ♂537 ♀265 55 nobody 1200 nobody 05 ' 10 ♂68 ♂184 15 ♂184 ♂68 20 ' ' 25 ♀265 ♂537 30 ♀265 ♂656 ♂68 35 ' ' 40 ♀265 ♂68 45 ♂537, others 50 ' '

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes Formicivorus School Hill Hastings Reservation 22 Jan A successful ambush in the 1980 (2nd) nest hole, catching ♀604 and ♂86, whose blood we were after. I had to open up the nest hole and pull them out, as both birds were lying extremely low, hunkered down at the bottom of the nest. I thought nobody was home for the longest time. The previous night, one other bird seemed to roost in the old Valley Oak hole, but I saw no sign of anyone else. 25 Jan Start watch 1135. ♀524 metal / shows up, starts sapsucking from Scruggly blue oak at the edge of the field, due east of the exclosure and 30-40 meters uphill from the Valley Oak nest-roost hole, ♀602 also sapsucks. 1220 ♀604 flies to the granary tree, and ♂86 jumps all over her, pecking her hard around the head+neck, for about 5 sec, until she moved off the storage limb. Is he trying to exclude her from the granary? 1340 end-watch No sign of ♂402 + ♀260. Especially worrisome about ♀260, since I saw her only poorly last time I watched, and today I confused BLK-wht/metal at ♀602 for ♀260's whtrm. Black is thought to see in poor light. Could she be gone? whow, 1355, on the way down the hill I find ♀260 ... / m, Not a great look, but good enough to exclude other possibilities. So where is ♂402? 6 March Start 0945. 1030, ♀260 wht/m shows to chase PNB intruder. ♀604 Red-wht/Black, ♀602 BLK-wht/m also turn Yellow/OPink up. 1200. Complete census eve ♂402, ♂86 mauve/mauve OPink/m, ♀523 DBlue-wht/DBlue

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1981 R.L. Mumme Hastings Reservation. School Hill (6 March) Dorn - BRT(w)/white and 9524 M / Lots of sapsucking from that same Blue Oak on the E edge of the field 3 April Stark 1320. 1530, Don~ 9602 pecked hard at 9604. → good! 1600 Complete census, 886, 8402, 9260, 9523, 9524 9602, 9604 all seen (in fact, all 7 birds in view at once together at one point). These guys are no threat to nest in the immediate future. 8402 spent a long time camped out in the next Sap tree, with 9260 in the grassy area. Lots of action in the sap tree (see foraging data, plus 3 C Hawks early. End 4 April 9523 seen intruding at Low Hay (see LH notes) 23 April Nest check in the "newest" hole in the broken stub. 1000, 5 eggs, I'm sorry to report. Too late I thought about getting these guys for a fake egg removal + perhaps photo. A bird flew out of the hole as I approached, so I suspect incubation underway. 24 April Up here at 1730, 9504 Red-wnt/B1K + I think 9602 in the middle enclosure tree. Walter saw 9504 garricking constantly at Low Hay. Confirm 9602. Both seem to be bud-catchin' eating + leaf-back gleaning in the tree. [illegible] Oddly, they are constantly giving soft karrits. Rather strange. Not being chased. Anyway, I would think that their chances of staying (allowed to stay?) at Low Hay are nil. 27 April Roosting, a 8 in the hole when I arrived, stayed. I'm pretty sure it was 8402 (round head, short bill, double mustache right side) but I'll have to watch again there to make sure.

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1981 R.L. Murme Acorn woodpecker School Hill Hastings Reservation 29 April Nestcheck at 1130. 5 eggs still OK, plus the plaster egg introduced by Walter. Not thrown out in over 48 hours. I then introduce one of the dice Walter introduced this egg, afternoon (16 mm) (______). Also measured eggs ① 26.0 x 20.3 did not hatch (or develop) ② 25.8 x 20.4 hatched (#) has nothing to do ③ 25.4 x 20.1 hatched with laying sequence ④ 26.7 x 20.1 hatched ⑤ 25.0 x 19.6 did not hatch (or develop) 30 April A strikeout at roosting. A bird came very late (1925) and I couldn't see anything. 1 May Nest check 1230. The die was still in. Not thrown out within 48 hours. Roosting, a ♀ looking out as I arrive at 1900. → She leaves at 1920, But nobody else comes to hole(!) Strange. Could have been a second bird in, I suppose. 8 May Nestcheck 1340. 3 babies, 2 eggs (neither of which appeared to have developed. Did not bad babies, will have to do that in a couple of days. Eggs #1 + #5 did not hatch. Young seemed fine + healthy, All 3 should Fledge (I hope). 12 May Roosting, and confusion. I said hello when I arrived, nobody looked out, about 1920 either ♀260 flies to the hole, enters, Then a sure ♀ leaves, while ♂86 comes to the hole, then flies off with the ♀ to roost in the 80.2 next hole. Later, I get a shock by seeing a bird looking out, I don't think I missed anyone going in, so I'd say ♂402 roosted

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill 13 May Nestcheck 1700. 3 healthy babies: ① Yellow-Black 39.5 g ② Magic marker-right wing leg 40.0g ③ unmarked 38.2g I dropped the bad box into the poison oak after banding the 1st one, so the other 2 went unbanded. Also, the hole face was on the verge of totally falling out of the nest, so I nailed it up in better shape. 19 May Roasting, and as is the norm for this group, nobody roosted in the nest. 23 May After Mary's report today of no feedings in 2½ hrs, I check the nest at 1700. Of course, all 3 nestlings appear fine + healthy. 15 June Start 0730, Hopeless watch looking for juvenile. I see! Later, Sue (perhaps 668), but not sure, and hear 1 or 2 others, but just too much foliage. Maybe I'll try below the granary another time. 886 8402 9260, 9604 all seen. Also saw 8402 perched at 9604 in the top of the roost tree. Also, an unbanded family of Orioles (♀, 2 Babies), and a Banded ♀ Bluebird (DBlue M - LBlue, Scrub Jay Style). End 1630 No sign of 9523 or 9602. 17 June Trying 0630 from blind below granary, near Malaise trap. Right off I spot 9260 + 9523 DBlue-wht/DBlue chase a PNB intruder out of the granary. Then 5669 metal. 22 June Start again 0610. 5669 + 669 soon, but once again no sign of 667. I wonder if he is gone 886, 8402, 9523 + 9604 also seen, Nodominance,

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1981 R.C. Murrie Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill 24 June 9523 seen intruding at Gate r-Westgate. 28 June Start 0555 from Mr. Malaise 0730 well, I may have actually seen something. J668 was in the haut peck tree when he flew down to the Valley Oaks bolon the malaise trap. I think I saw J668 chase, peck, grapple, ad otherwise jump all over another bird. Would only make sense if it was J669. 0800, unfortunately I just saw 2 birds on the flycatching perch, one really pchrygand at the other. I think both were juvs (one certainly was). The dom bird from flew to the granary. Then I believe the sub flew to pretty much the same spot. From there, I saw what I thought was the sub fly to an acorn limb, and putting my scope on, I find J668 as a adult 8, 8402 I believe. Oh well. All this was too confusing to be sure of, but it did not support the hypothesis that J668 > J669. 0820, Both J668 + J669 together on an acorn limb, J668 being fed by 8402. J669 did not try to horn in on the feeding + kept a respectful distance, suggesting again J668 > J669. I'll have to check the bonding notes on these guys & 0845 2 July At 0700, I find lots of S Hill birds at the Y: 8402, 9523, 9604 and both juvs, J668 + J669. J668 I even find eating green developing Valley Oak acornlets (!) from the VO of the east side of the road near the Y culvert. Both Plague juvs also here, being chased around a bit by the S Hill birds. J660 even in the same VO, chased out after a while by J668.

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill 3 July Watching here 0545. No luck. Both Javs, 9260, 8402, 836 all seen, but no dominance. End 0730. 9 July Trying again from bottom of the hill, 0645. 0715. Damn it, more iffy dominance. 8402 feeding both J668 & J669 in the granary. My view was lousy, but I think I saw J669 pecking J668. Shit! I wish I could see one clearly. 0800. Boring, leaving. No, right as I leave, I finally see it! J668 Blk-green/Black is pecked most certainly by another J, which has to be 669. Finally! That goes against my initial impression, but now I'm confident that J669 > J668 29 Aug Start 0815. 0915. Birds flying around a lot on the upper end of the [illegible] field, but little action in the granary area. 886 cp.k/m, 9260 " /m, 8402 Yellow/DPnk all seen quite well and I'm pretty sure that I got a look at J668 Blk-torn/m Blk-torn/Blk as well, in either 8 or still juv. plumage. At least 4 birds seen together at once in a VO toward the top of the field. 0955 Everybody shows up in a VO in the eastern edge of the field, eating green acorns. J668 confirmed, plus J669 m /or-ogue Complete census, Irickon End 1000. These guys definitely do not have a fall nest, and I see no 9 following or anything to suggest that they soon will. Also, J669 looks like he is definitely in 8 plumage, but I'll have to check later to be sure. ** 6 Oct Group update: 9523 + 9604 -- Moved to watched Group (Low Hay) 17 July ±2 weeks Both of these 99 were with S1hill birds at the Y on 2 July; First

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1981 R.L. Mumme 7 Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill *(6 Oct) Seen at Low Hay on 3 Aug. 7 Oct cont (2) J♀668 + J♂669 moved to Y about 20 Sept ± 1 week Last seen at S Hill on 29 August. Action at Y did not begin until about 10 Sept, and J668+669 first noted 11 and 20 ** September. Seen regularly at Y thereafter 21 Oct First watch here in a long time, 1550; ♂402 has been seen lurking around the Y with ♀668 + ♂669, 1630, 3 birds here, ♂86 LPAK/M, ♀260 wht/M and ♂402 Yellow/DPak. A real storing fre-zy by ♂86 while I was here; Acorns were gathered from trees at the edge of the field near the malaise trap site 23 Nov Watching here, 0900-1000. ♂86, ♀260, and ♂402 all up here seen well. ♂402 was storing acorns here, even after I saw him storing at Y a few days ago as well (see Y notes) What's more, I do believe that ♀668, who was up here for at least an hour, might have been storing acorns as well. She may be in the process of giving up on Y, though she continues to be active there. It will be interesting to see what ♀668 and ♂402 finally do. 8 Dec Counted stores 1430; 920 total. Also, ♀260 ♂402 and ♂669 (?) seen here as well. Don't know where/ what hey ♂402, and ♀668 will wind up.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill West 24 April Walk up here 1700. 531 Brn-or/Brn-or in the granary, other bird waking nearby. Nobody in holes 7 May Up here 1030. Nobody in last years nest hold when I arrive, but after lying down + resting for 20 minutes, I roll over, say hello, and a 9 looks out. These guys do have a nest. 28 May Up here at 1400, I nervously climb up to the nest hole using the rope ladder, open up the hole and find just one nestling, about 19-20 days old. 'Probably won't have to be banded about 3 June or so, 6 June Start watch 0740, watching nest, wanting to see who's in the group. 0900 well 531 " / m and 530 " / BPak-or are both still here. Both seen in the granary (acorns still present). However, there is a possibility that the nest has failed, Never saw anybody at the nest feeding the nestling. Nor did either adult carry any food around in its bill. Hmm. Should check up here pretty soon (2 days), to see if a baby is looking out. Anyway, I'm pretty sure that this group has been reduced to the basic pair. 8 Nov About time I watched here, 0845. A bird flew into the granary while I was setting up the hide, so there is activity anyway. 1130, Not a rip-roaring success. BPak-or/m 530 " / BPak-or seen very well, and a 9, but I never did see her bands. Will have to try again. My definite impression is that only 2 birds are present. A good census, 530, 531 definitely here, Nobody else Seeing to be present. 0845 - 1015. 21 Nov

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Warp 5 30 April walked up to the Black Oak holes at 1400. Nobody answered when I said "hello". 5 May went up to the lower Black Oak hole at 1500 after walter saw a bird looking out yesterday. I, too find a bird looking out. After considerable difficulty in positioning string rope ladder just right, I'm able to prep in. I see 3 eggs, but it looked like there might be a ledge partially hiding my view. will have to open it up tomorrow. 6 May Opened the Black Oak hole. Indeed 3 eggs, somewhat fresh (maybe 3-4 days of incubation). A bird looking out as I got there at 1130. 23 May Nest check by walter here at 1430. Still 3 eggs, nest apparently abandoned. Should have hatched by now. I check the granary, and a few acorns (~100) are still there 5 June I say hello to the hole here (or every hot afternoon, 1230) nobody looks out. So they haven't (apparently) renested in the same Black Oak Hole, or they have a nest elsewhere 12 June They have a nest elsewhere! Trying to watch Rd 1 from PO Hill, I am distracted by Warp 5 birds flying to the same spot on a Valley Oak just below the granary. Sure enough, I walk over and find a well-concealed nest hole. Easy to get to with a rope ladder. Probably climbable, if not for Poison Oak. The VO nest tree is 20 M East of the granary. Hole on NW side of tree, about 5 meters up. 0840, trying to watch hole for a while. 0910, Nothing yet, may be too close, not well enough hidden. Back at 1030 with Walter. Opened hole, 3 babies, about 16 days. The first nest must have been abandoned soon after opening

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Warp 5 21 June Set up blind, watching nest at 0715, 0915 An interesting watch. Only 2 birds come regularly ♀ 629 Or-Blue/wh-t-Blu, and MBLB/M: ♂ 528 M / " " from the ARF 2 list. Also present coming to the nest once is Lorn/M ♂ 636 Lorn/Dern-Lorn, also of the ARF 2 list. No evidence of other birds. See nest watch on reverse. Don't know what to make of these ♂ here. Probably truly originated from ARF 2 moved here this year, but we may never know. Another problem is that on 12 June I thought I saw ♂ 630 here, but no sign of him today. Perhaps I saw just Metal LL, and assumed that it was ♂ 630, who really ♂ 528. End 0930. 7 July Wande up here 0740. In the granary as I arrive and cPink-Dern/Metal surprisingly not flushed is' J704 Lpink / Black, Also, I think that I've found their sap tree. A live oak (of course), 25 meters South (up the hill and slightly toward the ravine) of the granary. Map on backs. I flushed 3 birds out of this tree when I walked up, and it has numerous capholes. Finally, these guys are very close to being out of acorns. I could count only five or so. ♂ 820. Yes, J704 sapsucking in the tree I described, 0900, ♂ 577 Bpink-BLK/m shows up in the granary, extracts and eats a live oak acorn. Not chased, but flew off nervously after about 10 min. 19 Sept Having briefly seen birds at Pipeline 17 Sept, I watch at Pipeline 0600, but am distracted by Warp 5 birds instead. Pretty sure that I saw J702 or -Pep/M a- J704 Lpink/BLK upon the hillside. 4 birds together at once

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1981 R.L. Munne Mela-e-pes formicivorus Warp 5 20 oct I stumble up here 1330, and find ♂636 looking like he (Lorn/M) is frozen to the granary. Hasn't moved a muscle by 1345, even with me setting up the hide 30 meters away. Lots of acorns stored already, both in the 1st granary and the D Blue-OPink/DBlue-OPink nest tree. 1355, ♂528 shows up briefly as well. 1500, Boring, no trace of any other activity. Will have to try some other time. 23 oct Much better watch here, 0930. Complete census. Two ♂ above, ♂629 M / wht-LBlue and all 3 jugs 702 or-P/M, 703 M / mauve, and 704 L-Pat/Black all 3 apparently just melting into ♀ plumage! ♂703 & 704 certainly were in ♀ plumage, and J702 was marginal, but I think I saw enough black head feathers to convince me. Only other interesting item is that in the VO granary, I saw ♂528 violently peck at both ♀704 and J702 (separate occasions), as if he was trying to exclude them from the granary. Once ♂703 was on the branch with ♂528, and ♂528 made a move (it seemed) to give 703 the same treatment, but nothing happened.

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1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus ARF, too 20 May Up here looking for these guys nest, 1530 - 1800. Believe it or not, success! After checking the usual holes, I sat down in the field and tried to watch where the birds were going. 3 times I saw birds (including a banded ♂ with an acorn bit) fly off in the general direction of ARF) and NB once I saw a ♀ (with a mouthful of insects) fly off across West Ravine. I stomped around the very over-grown ARF-ARF 2- area for about 1 hr, not finding anything except a not unreasonable looking hole in a Blue Oak 40 meters S of the road near the ARF 2 "trail head". Looking across the canyon was much easier. After standing along the road for about 5 min, I saw a woodpecker fly straight to the nest! Nest is in a NE facing hole in a Valley Oak near the very top of the idge opposite W ravine. I would suspect that they have fairly young nestlings. Interestingly, I saw a bird fly in and enter the hole at 1815, but despite my yelling "hello" right underneath the nest, it would not stick its head out! Maybe that's why we can never find the nest here. Anyway, there is still at least 1 unbanded ♀ here. 21 May Open up the nest hole at 1330. 2 nestlings, about 8 days old or so, plus a 3rd very small baby (<5g) death or near death. All 3 returned to the nest. 24 may Watching nest 24 1530. 1545, a ♂ NB shows up at nest with insects. I was stirring around when he came, and after sitting outside the hole for 10 min, he flies off without entering. 1700, Well, well, a QNB here as

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1981 R.L.Munne Melanerpes formicivorus ARF too (24 May) well (I think she even removed a fecal sac), and ♂635 mauve/Red listed on Warp 5, feeds & broods young here. ♂635 was one of the 2♂ ambushed at Warp 5 in December, ambushed at ARF2 in January, So now it looks like we can consider him an ARF2 bird that was roosting at Warp 5, rather than vice versa. 1730, 2 more visits by QNB, (one with a (FS) removal) and one by ♂NB. End 1730. Will have to watch here some more. 30 May Start watching nest 0920. Same 3 birds seen here as before | ♂NB | ♀NB & ♂635 mauve/Red. Perhaps that's all there is? Nest watch details on back. 6 June Based 2 basics here, 1700. (See capture records for 687, 688). Hole angle -30°, direction 65° 13 June Nest watch here, basics looking out (or at least 1 baby). 1140-1300 ♂635 at first was the only bird coming, leading me to wonder @ if the NB♂&♀ have a second nest elsewhere, or ⑤ One nestling has already fledged, and the NB birds are otherwise occupied with them. Will be worth checking other holes before too long. The ♂NB did feed a great deal late in the watch. 24 June Tried to watch roosting here from the east of the field. Heard a few harriers along Arm Road, but nothing else. I checked holes later, and I don't think anybody roosted in the ridge hole, the quarry Valley Oak Hole, or the Blue Oak hole or the Bee hole. Watched roosting at the rest 21 June, nothing there either.

30 May 1981 ARF 2 nest watch 0920 = 1050 90 minutes 0920 start 41 ?NB (3) I looks out- 56 leaves 1005 ?NB O looks out 10 ?NR O ? leaves, ?1.0. 16 leaves 17 ? ? O (not NB probably, 635 by feel 23 ?635 (2)I 27 ?635 (2)I ?NB O ?NB (2) I 31 ?635(2) I 1.0. 35 leaves 36 ?NB (2) 44 ?NB O looks out 50 end 13June 1140start, baby looking out 52 ?635(3) I 56 " " 1211 " " 33 " " 38 ?NB O 39 " " 40 " " 41 " " 42 ?NB (2)A 1300 e-d

1981 R.L. Mumme 3 Melanocerus formicivorus ARF too 2 Dec I don't know what's going on here: There have been very few acorns stored here all fall. At 1030, I counted stores and found 30 in the 2° granary, 175 in the 1° g, = Total 205 ! Not exactly an amount that inspires confidence. Will have to keep tabs on these guys. It does seem like there were few (if any) acorn-bearing trees in the area.

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus ARF 20 May Wandered around here 1430-1530. No birds looking out of the 1980 hole. In fact, no trace that any birds were even around, actually. I did find 2 fairly new looking W-facing holes in a high dead stub in a Valley Oak just 20 meters SW of the ARF granary. Also a Coopers hawk nest (incubating ♀ + 3 eggs) 30 meters NW of the granary. 22 Oct Here at 0745, ARF is occupied! Already several hundred acorns stored here. Will have to watch to see if anyone here is banded. 22 Nov Trying to do just that, 1215. I can see about 300 acorns or so just from where I'm sitting. 1345. A poor day to watch. A few karrits, but nobody has come to the granary. A few weeks ago, I remember seeing 3 birds in the granary here at one time. So there should be at least 3 birds in the group. I'll have to try again. 2 Dec Making another try here, 0845. 0950, well, it looks like 3 unbanded birds (Drat!), 2♀ (I'm pretty sure) and 1♂. I had a brief impression there might be a 4th bird around, but there was a lot of intruder activity here, so I couldn't be sure. Anyway, I'll definitely have to look into the possibility of an ambush here. end. 0955

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Black Oak Hastings Reservation 6 Feb Start watch 1010. ♂102 white/yellow, plus another ♂426 B/k/or (?) in the tree tops between Black Oak + Arnold 1. 1200, over at Bianca Knoll, in the Valley Oak closest Orange /DBlue-Yellow (X) ♂497 Metal/B/k-Red, and perhaps ♀544, but not sure. 1340. Confusion. I'm now on the E. end of the knoll, looking NE across the ravine toward a large VO. Two NB♂ there, and I even saw a dominance interaction (Over a Black Oak) acorn) Earlier I saw a ♀NB on the Knoll that flew across S Ravine to South Fence Bianca looks pretty much like a B/k/or./w. Free for all: 1348, Presto, at the same spot, ♂426 and ♂321, Orange plus a ♀ turn up. Geez, this is tough to figure out. 1420 More interesting stuff. I close in on this large VO on the Bianca - Black Oak Ridge, when some (?) hawks flies in. A Flicker breaks, but I see 2 wickers freeze. Then one wicker flies out, and 3 more break simultaneously. I pick up ♂426 B/k/or, ♀427 Red/M, and ♂321. Then a female 5th woodpecker drifts out, lads in the same tree as ♂426, who proceeds to chase the latecomer. Perhaps an unbanded ♂ that I saw here earlier? 1445, Back watching the knoll, ♂321 and a ♀NB, no agression. Then a NB♂ chasing 288, both m/ Perhaps one is ♂611, LA2? 1500 saw a male, Metal / (Red, orange) - Black ? Perhaps ♂566, All? It was chased mildly by ♂nobods At least 2 NB♂ here, they may be friendly.

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Black Oak (Bianca) (6 Feb) 1520, 2 NB♀, 1 NBO♂ together in the Bianca Knoll area. All obviously quite friendly. The ♂ explore the old Bianca granary a bit. 1610, Start watch at BO granary. ♂546 (Green / DBlue) and ♂624 in ♂ plumage (!) show up in the 2° granary area along with other birds 7 Feb I try to watch here, without much success. I do get a good look at ♂545 (LBlue/Metal) and ♂624 and another fleeting glimpse at something that might have been ♂544 (light/oak-light), but not positive. Watch cut short at 1530 by the startling discovery of a new group, sun of Black Oak! 7 April Walking by 1400. As usual lots of weirdness at Bianca ♀NB ♂545 (LBlue/M) ♂624 etc/etc on the BD side of Bianca ravine. Lots of activity drumming waltas, on the Bianca Knoll. 1430 ♂497 metal/Blt and a bunch of other fly back to Black Oak. Still some birds on the Knoll, probably unhabited. 1440, 2♂NB, a 4 NB waltaring together in the bianca area. Maybe somebody really is trying to move in here. All 3 together on a branch, ♂NB open-wing waltar, with crouch + tailraise, one ♂NB pecked at the other. 1450. I walk over to the main granary area, and I flash 4 birds that fly as a very tight pack of 4 East. Neat! Could the 4 be the breeding ♂, ♂321, ♂102, ♂426? Definitely, suggests that eggs are on the way, soon! 27 April Well maybe not so soon after all. After finding nothing

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Black Oak (27 April) in the usual Black Oak Holes, I pick up "the pack" in between Lower Biaa, Black Oak + Sobo. I didn't see any birds or sexes, but 4 birds flew off as if tied together with 6-foot lengths of monofilament line. Incredible! Definitely indicates that they haven't nested yet. Why is the ♂ following so fanatic in this group, and for such a long period (they've been at it at least 3 weeks now). 1640, Picked up "the pack" again in the woods near the old corral confirmed ♂102 unt/yellow, ♀426 Blt-Orange. Also, a couple of unbanded birds here (♂♂, I believe) scrapping with some of the Black Oak helpers (I saw ♂546 Corn/DBlue). The NB were not chased out, 1645. Leaving. Looks like 3 birds here. What's going on. 22 June Walking by at noon, I here birds tapping from inside the old 1979 nest hole. I say "hello" and two birds fly out. Hmm, Could they already have eggs, or are they refurbishing? Will have to check soon. 18 July Walking by the 79 hole, I here the babies inside, so nest is still in progress ** 6 Oct PURGE: J625 not seen after banding, 20 July 1980 (Long overdue purge) 22 Oct Watching granary from hide, 0800. Shitloads of acorns here already. The granary looks full. 1030 End. Good census! Birds seen were ♂426, ♀427 Red/m ♂102 ♀320 Red-Corn/m ♂321 ♂497, ♂545 (not seen since Feb) LBlue/m ♂546 Lcorn/DBlue (Corn-DBlue/m) ♂J689 (in ♂ plumage) J691 (in ♀ plumage)

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1981 R.L. Mumme 4 Melanerpes formicivorus Black Oak (22 Oct) and J713. Everybody seen quite well. J713 may be coming into 3rd plumage, but it could still be too early for him. Only birds missing were 624 and J690. A lot of storing activity, some in the already-crammed main granary, and a lot in the 2° area. 10 Nov Lots of BO birds around Keep Out + Lambert (see Lansect notes) 3 Dec " " " Lambert (see Lambert notes) also, 8321 or /DBI-Yel (N) 689 M/or unt in the Black Oak - Bianca tension zone. 11 Dec A swing by, I see 8102 Yellow/unt and a 7NB, which I hope does not belong here. 14 Dec Counted stores, 1600: Fallen Limb 1800 Main area 1000 2° area 500 TOTAL 3300 Not bad. Also, a limb in the 2° area had fallen, so the group lost ~150 storage holes and about 100 acorns.

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes fornicivorus Son-of-Black-Oak (SOBo) Hustings Reservation 7 Feb At 1530, I casually stroll down the grassy slope east of Black Oak and, lo+ behold, stumble upon a brand, new Acorn woodpecker group! Here are the facts. partially dead ① A sleazy looking Valley Oak at the base of Black Oak Field (just before the extremely steep part) has a pretty good number of Acorns, mostly Q. chrysolepis. Not surprising, in that Golden Oak predominates in the steep terrain below the granary, and their acorns littered the ground while I walked around. ② I sit down + try to watch, and 4 birds show up. At least 3 (I think) were unbanded, and one of the 3 was ♀. ③ This might explain my observation of 2 unbanded ♂♂ yesterday in this area (see Black Oak notes) ④ Did these birds just colonize this granary this past fall in association with the big Q. chrysolepis crop, or was it the year before? I remember strolling by here in the summer of 1979 and finding no activity. Still, it is possible that this territory was occupied fall 1979 or spring 1980. However, I would suspect fall 1980 is more likely ⑤ One of the 4 birds that was here seemed to have a "1st year bird's karrit". ⑥ I can count ~300 acorns while sitting above the granary. that does not include the backside. Backside make ~600 total 12 Feb After moving hide down from Black Oak, I try here again at 1500 hrs, a bird flushed from the granary as I walked up. 1630. Nothing in 2¢ granary. Karrit; 40 to the S, but that's all folks. Roosting I find one bird lo of the granary low hole,

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1981 R.L. Munnat Melanerpes formicivorus Sobo 7 April A quick pass here 1500, ♀847 NB the only ae in the granary. That is all. Nobody in either hole. 27 April Start watching here 1515. ♂638 metal/DPink and ♀640 Doreen/Doreen Dorn/metal (didn't see arrowness) in the granary momentarily, That ♀ flew off, but ♂638 did not follow. She (plus another bird?) flew off toward the northwest. Later ♂638 looked off SE. 1530, ♀847 NB comes by quickly, also flies NW. These guys still have a well-stocked granary. 14 May I say hello to the granary holes at 1230, but nobody looks out. I also wander all around the Bianca-Black Oak ridge near the granary, but find no reasonable looking holes. 17 May A walk by at 1130. Nobody in the holes in the granary 21 May An incredible struggle, but I finally find the nest here today, tipped off by the birds flying to it. It's a N-facing hole in the main trunk of a Black Oak just N of the "flat", at 45 meters west of the Ball fence line. Easy climb 22 May Open up the hole here 1400. 3 well-feathered, eyes-open nestlings (maybe 20-22 days?). Will have to band these guys soon! 24 May 3 young boded 26 May Watching nest ♂84 1640 End 1810. All 4 birds, ♂635 CBlue/DPink (at nest only once), ♂639 Yellow/DBlue, ♀640 DGrn-Red(iv)/M, ad ♀NB here. ♂639 is definitely the stud ♂. He fed many times and removed all the fecal sacs. Could detect no difference in behavior of ♀♀, but I suspect ♀640 is the brood queen is super.

SOBO Nest watch 26 May 1981 1640 - 1810 90 minutes 1642 ♂.? ② A 48 ♀640 Θ 50 ♀NB at hole, flies off. 51 ♂639 Θ 52 ♂639 ② 53 ♂639 Θ 56 ♀NB ③ I 1702 ♀NB ③ I 15 ♀NB ② I 15 ♂638 Θ 20 ♀640 ③ I 24 ♀640 ② I 24 ♀NB ② I 25 ♂? 29 ♂639 Θ (FS) 37 ♂639 ② (FS) 37 ♀NB ② I 38 ♀NB ② A 46 ♂639 Θ (FS) 49 ♂639 Θ (FS) 59 ♀640 Θ 18 02 ♀640 Θ 05 ♂639 ③ (FS) 09 ♂639 ② A (FS) [illegible] ♂638 ♂639 ♀640 ♀NB n visits 1 10 5 5 Fecal sacs 0 8 0 0

1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Soba 7June watching at granary 1130 for signs of either juvenile dominance or a possible 2nd nest. Idling the time by, I count about 400 acorns in the northern branch of the granary visible to me. These guys are definitely doing well. 1300. Complete census, ♂638, ♂639, ♀640 and ♀NB all seen quite well in the granary. No juveniles seen, so I guess they are still a bit young. No evidence of ♂ associating with particular ♀, so I guess that's some circumstantial evidence suggesting that a renest is not in the immediate offing. 1330. Checked the nest hole. Empty. All 3 babies Fledged (I would guess) and no new nest. 22June Climbed up to a stuck my had over the nest hole at 1100. Nothing, so I would guess no babies + probably no eggs Since no adult in the hole. It might be worth watching here in a week, just to make sure they don't have another hole (I said hello to the granary holes, no response) 18July Watching from behind trees near the granary. 1010. 1120, Not much action here at all, we save for J658 M/LBlue-A1K LBlue-BK/LBlue Flycatching from the granary abit. A couple of adults came by but no good looks. Still plenty of acorns in storage here. 12Sept Tried to watch roosting See M1 notes. No idea where anybody 14oct Watching here 1615. These birds have not wasted any time. The granary is already loaded with acorns. Looks like mostly live oak, Some Valley. Might be a few "leftovers" from last year, but not sure I count 506 just from where I'm sitting. 1715, Nobody shows.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Sobo 22 Oct Another try here, 1050. 1250 a little better I see M / LBlue-BLK both J658 J659 Wht/Blk-or both in ♀ plumage! ♀640 Dbrn/OGrn-Red (N) also seen, but unfortunately, nobody else. I'll have to watch here yet again. 11 Dec Not one to be easily discouraged, watching 0850. Doing very well here, acorn-wise. 0950, Quitting! One bird flew up, saw me, then left. I may just give up here until next spring.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Arnold 1 5 Aug ♀567, wanderer supreme, at Rd 1 today. I recall seeing her (or probably her) this spring at Rd 3 as well. See Rd 1 & Rd 3 notes. 30 Aug A quick look here, at the trees on the fe-reline 30 - N of the Lambert fe-reline, I find ♀568 whit-manue/m and J680 Yellow/LBlue-Red. The former I saw fly off toward Lambert, the latter ate a green VO acorn. J680 looks possibly like molting into ♀ plumage, but that's extremely iffy. 12 Sept Tried to watch roosting here with Janet: Nobody roosted in either the two granary holes or the nest hole. (transfer to Sobo) 13 Sept Janet watched the group here, 0800-1000, and saw ♀505, the long-lost ♂566 (!) (not seen since 6 May), and J680, who Janet thought might be molting to ♀ plumage, but she wasn't sure 14 Oct Watching from hide above granary, 0830-1030. Granary census on back. Storing has begun! Earlier at Lambert, I saw J680 Yellow/LBlue-Red, and as suspected, she is indeed in ♀ plumage. 1020, Very boring. Hardly anybody came to the granary, nobody stored any acorns, and nobody defended the granary against a lot of intra-specific intruders. I did manage a fair census, mostly by seeing birds in the tree next to the hide ♀680, J679 LBlue - B1K / in ♂ plumage ♂566 M/or-B1K ♀568 whit-manue/m ♀505 ""/"", and a very fleeting glimpse of a bird that must have been ♂100" Yellow-Doree/Yellow-Down. Only ♀567 not seen, but it wasn't a good census, so she may indeed be around-

14 oct 1981 Arnold | granary census non-defense 0930 nobody 0935 nobody 0840 Titmouse (g) 0 35 " 40 " 0845 Blackbirds (roosthole) 0 40 9568 45 " 0855 Juncos (g) 0 45 nobody 50 " 0955 Nuthatch (g) 0 50 " 55 3566 55 " 1000 nobody 0900 " 05 " 05 " 10 " 10 " 15 " 15 " 20 " 20 " 25 " 25 " 30 " 30 " no storage

1981 R.C. Mumme Melanotpes formicivorus Arnold I (14 Oct) Later, I find many Al birds in the "centerfield" Valley Oak, including 9567 M/Red, and a good look at ♂100 Yellow-DGrn/Yellow-DGrn. 9567 later seen Lots of acorns stored here already. 11 Dec Counted stores: A guess, really, because the counter was fucking up. Anyway... TOTAL 3300 or so. Doing pretty well. Also I saw ♂566 Blk/or-BLK ♀568 and ♀680 Yellow/cBlue-Red in the vicinity of Big Tree. It even appeared that these birds were storing acorns in a broken Valley Oak near the down Big Tree granary. (I found 1 stored acorn). Also, I was fairly sure (not positive) that I saw ♂566 fly up near Keep Out, then fly down to the Al granary. Perhaps KO is just an extension of Al, and not a group unto itself. That might explain the rather low attendance at Keep Out.

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1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Keep Out 10 Nov To my considerable astonishment, I take a peek on the west side of the granary here and find about 30 stored acorns! See Lambert notes for additional confusing details. So far, I have not seen any birds working the granary or otherwise appearing as if they belonged there. 3 Dec 1045, Lots of acorns here! Somebody is here. 1200 watching, the situation is confusing. Only ♀568 wht-Mauve/M Mauve-wht/wht-Mauve (for sure) and ♀680 Yellow/LBlue-Red (I think) have been in the granary. (Both from Al). Both looked like they were eating, not storing. Also, their sib ♂566 Blk/or-Blk wht/Blk-or- has been around. For good measure, ♀659 M / "" "" of SOBO was flycatching 100 m W of the granary. When she approached to within 30 m, she was chased by ♂566. So is it all Al birds? Also, ♀652 Yellow/M was flycatching 100 m W of the Keep Out granary, but I suspect that she's at Lambert. 1330, Flycatching 35 m SW of KO are ♂566 and ♀680, again. I guess these 2 different-sex sibs are here. Quite a bit more watching needed. 1400, another SOBO bird, M/LBlue-Blk ♀658 LBlue-Blk/LBlue, and a ♀NB, too. Did not appear that the ♀NB was "with" the SOBO pair, but it was hard to tell. 11 Dec Counted stores: 150 total. Still lots of room. See Al notes for thoughts on this "group"

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert Hastings Reservation 7 Feb Start watch 1130. These guys have remarkably few acorns remaining. 1245. Not a sign of anyone. 30 Aug Boy, lots of detailed notes for these guys. Starting watch 0805. 0915. Another big zero. Actually, there were birds here, a couple of banded juvs (suspect A1 or F4) a Q adult, and a ♂NB, then a juv NB, but nobody acted like they belonged here. Later at A1 I saw A1 birds commuting back and forth to Lambert 14 Oct Watching 0725. No acorns stored here yet: Maybe this territory is abandoned. Surprising, since the acorn censusing here revealed a shit load of acorns here. 0730, I spoke too soon. A POWER STRUGGLE?! First bird I find is ♂583 " / metal, so the Lambert lineage is still intact. A lot of ♀♀ around, with a fair amount of chasing, but by 0800, still no garricks. It looks like a coalition of 3 ♀NB have the inside track here. One of the three is a very dark-eyed juvenile that seems to have just molted into ♀ plumage. Also seen was a ♂NB J♀660 from A1 (just confirmed ♀ plumage), and perhaps ♀568 mauve-very?? from A1 as well, but I lacked confirmation. In total, participants are: ♂583 5 ♀NB 1♂NB 2 ♀ banded = 9 (2♂♂ 7♀♀). This has probably been going on for some time now, and I'm catching the tail end. → 0805, things very quiet now. I'd say it might be about over, but when I first arrived, I thought I saw ♂583 supplant 1 or 2 of the cooperating ♀NB's. All 3 may not stay (rather, only some might). End 0820

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert (14 Oct) Further note: Over at UA2 is none other than ♀632 Red-wht/Red-wht metal / " , the ♀ that Walter banded here in October, 1980. Thus, she did not disappear in March, but rather abandoned (lack of acorns?), went somewhere for the spring and summer, then showed up here. The creep. 2 Nov Trying here again 0900. Some sign of life: A very few acorns are stored in the "holey" Valley Oak, none that I can see in the fallen limb. 1015. Still a mess here. A ♀UB and a ♂NB here briefly. I give up. I will NOT watch here until a lot of acorns are stored. There's a live oak next to the granary just loaded with acorns, so perhaps the "residents" (if there are any) are going to wait until the last minute. 10 Nov A walk up here, nothing has changed: At most, 20 acorns are stored in the fence line granary. No acorns are stored in either the broken top tree or the fallen limb. The Valley Oak acorn fall is nearly complete, too. And the acorn laden Live oak 10 M S of the fence line tree, its acorns are starting to redden + mature. They should certainly begin falling, soon. Is Lambert abandoned? Bad news for habitat saturation, if it is! 1430, Hold on! Down around the area between keep outt Lambert I find ♀652 (formerly of Fan/Trn) Yellow/Lbree cBlue / m and all kinds of Black Oak ♂♂: ♂545 ♂689 M/or ♂624 LBlue-Red / LBlue-Red " " 11/11 71 and ♂691

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert (10 Nov) DBlue-Yellow(N)/Lgreen. After watching these 5 birds (maybe more), they flew directly up to the Lambert granary area, I walk up there, but in the process I flush 3 birds off to the NW. All the ♂ looked reasonably cozy with ♀652. What is going on? Are some or all of these birds going to move here. ♀652 is no surprise, as I expected to see her again after her abandonment of Fanny Arnold. What's more (just for additional confusion [as if I needed any]), there are acorns stored at keep Out. Geez Louise! (see keep Out notes) 3 Dec 1030: Hallelujah! Acorns + Birds! First bird I find is ♂691 DBlue-yellow(N)/Lgreen of Black Oak. I will have to guess he's here with some bros, and ♀652. 1330. Not much luck watching, but I do manage to confirm ♀652 Yellow/Lgreen " / m , and (the only other BO ♂ I saw) ♂624 LBlue-Red/LBlue-Red. 1405, well over toward Lambert from keep Out, I find ♂545 or-LBlue/or, so it would seem that the activity I saw 10 Nov was for real. LBlue/m , ♀652 yellow/Lgreen " / m. 11 Dec A quick look, 1030, ♂545 LBlue/m , ♀652 " / m. Counted stocs: Holey tree + environs: 365 fallen limb 1475 Valley Oak (broken) 425 TOTAL 2265 Not bad for one months work. While counting, ♂624 LBlue-Red/LBlue-Red shows up briefly

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes fornicivorus Upper Arnold 2 [7 July] Watching here 0840. These guys still have tons of acorns, Lots of activity in a thin, spindly Valley Oak near the top of the Ear ridge of S Ravine. I see 9621 wht/or/wnr-or for sure, and a good look at J681 or/yellow. DBlue/CBlue-Or ♂123 m/m sits for 20min 30~ below the granary with food in bill (!). Could they have a second host? 0930, 9591 Supplants 9567 ill Red/Red intruding from A1. 1040. Bear here for an extra hour, at about 0945 I was at the UA2 nest tree when I thought for sure I heard the sound of begging baby. 13 Sept Watching here 0800. These guys are still loaded with acorns, 0845, a few birds, 9621 ♂23 DBlue/m, and J681 orange/yellow in ♂ Plumage (!). He may be the only juvenile left alive here. No action in any nest holes. 14 Oct Watching 1120. Whoa, a new ♀ here, I read as Lgrn-whr/Lgrn-wht also ♀NB intruder, drumming, garricks. 1250, total confusion, A ♂ yellow/m ? Definite ♂, definite yellow/m. Yes, it's 9652 Yellow/Cgreen from Fanny Arnold, the breeding ♀ there. I don't know what her story is over here (trying to step up in territory quality?) But I first thought she and the mystery ♀, m /11, were cooperating, but I later saw 9652 definitely being chased by the Cgrn-wht ♀ Also here are ♂123 DBlue/m, and ♂681 Yellow/m But no trace of any of the other UA2 birds. I did catch a glimpse of another bird who I read as (unless it was ♂622 of 1500 (unlikely, at best), ♂56b of A1

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus UA2 (14 Oct) and I misread the band, I can't have any idea of who that was. The Green-Wht ♀ is also a mystery. She looks recently banded, but does not show up on the field list. Could be a bird netted in the Lambert (or Low Hay?) revolution this year, or a bird banded on PO Hill. Shouldn't be too hard to figure out who this new ♀ is. So, We must conclude that ♀621 has cashed her check Last seen on 13 Sept, probably disappeared late Sept, early Oct. J682 + 683, not seen after banding, must certainly be gone Bk-Or/Black bird that I saw could be ♂590. Would like to see him again. I'll say I saw him. Seems likely. Looks like storing has begun. These guys, of course, never even came close to running out of acorns, but I did see a few new greenies (Blue Oak?) in the granary, amidst all of 1980's stores. ** footnote; Checking the records, I find that the Red-wht/Red-wht new ♀ here is ♀632 M / " " , the ♀ that Walter banded at Lambert in fall of 1980. Thus, ♀632 did not die, but rather abandoned Lambert (because of no acorns?) in March or April, went somewhere, then showed up here in Sept or Oct. (This also proves, once again, that I can't distinguish many colors. Oh, the trials of the color-blind. I even had many close looks at the bird, and all the time I thought it was Lgm or (at worst) Or.

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1981 R.C. Mumme 3. Melanerpes formicivorus UA2 10 Nov Watching from hide, 1100. A good start; As I walk up I confirm ♂590 M/Dgreen-Lgreen, who was questionable last time I watched. 1230, bad finish: Absolutely nothing else; No wakas, no birds, a big zero. 3 Dec Trying again, 0900. I again see ♂590 M/Dgreen-Lgreen and ♂123 DBlue/Metal as I walk up. A third bird seen as well. After that, zilch! End 1030 11 Dec Counted stores, 1500. "Secondary" tree 1100 (many old) "Main" tree 750 ("", chrysolepis) Lots of last years acorns TOTAL 1850 mostly chrysolepis, some agrifolia.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Arnold 2 Hastings Reservation 6 Feb Start watch 1045, Trying to figure out who's here. 1200, Most assuredly a ♀NB here. She flycatches from granary + the Valley Oak east of the granary. At one point, alarm calls given (by A1 birds?) she flies to the upper roost hole, enters, and stays several minutes. Two other birds also here, one of which is certainly an unbanded ♂. The third bird (I saw all 3 in the granary appeared to be ♂ and appeared to be banded, Perhaps the 1st yr ♂ (now orphaned) 611? I'll need to look more closely. 7 Feb Start 1030. 1045 everything looks clear. ♀NB, ♂NB, and ♂611 DBLue-wht/ Lbrn-white all here, and they all look quite cozy. Very interesting. It's difficult to see how ♂611 could be related to either of this birds, as ma (♀507) and pa (♂610) are both gone. All 3 together in granary, Valley Oak perch tree, etc, with no sign of any ill will. Even walks between the ♂s. End 1120. 12 Feb Some action here while watching roosting, ♀ Red/Red M/ from A1 intruding (persistently) and chased (persistently by an unknown LA2 resident (either ♀NB or ♂611, probably not ♂NB). They were going at it persistently chasing each other around in the blue oaks behind the granary (about 1730) when an alarm call went up from somewhere, and the two birds froze, only 1m apart, in a tree behind the granary. They remained motionless for 10-15 min. Roosting, two birds in the back hole, one (banded?) in the granary high hole,

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1987 R.L. Mumme 2 Melanerpes formicivorus LA 2 7 April Start watching here 1330, ♀637 CPK/BTK ♂846 NB plus a 3rd male (presumably ♂611) here. 1345, ♀637 chases out a ♀NB intruder. 1355, ♂611 Blue-wart/Community here too. Good. Weird group still intact. 14 may Watching here 1500 ♂611 CPK/Black here for sure. Probably the third bird, ♂846 NB present as well. They still have a very few acorns remaining in the Blue Oak granary (~35). Doesn't look like ♂(♂?) are tightly packed with ♀. 1600 17 may Start 1115. ♀637 CPK/BTK and at least 1 ♂ here flycatching from the big Valley Oak. ♀637 left alone for a long period, suggest: ① Not ready to nest ② already have Metal/ a nest ③ only 1 ♂ here. 1200, ♀637 and ♂611 Blue-wart/Community here all the time. No evidence of a 3rd bird at least as far as I could tell. Perhaps LA2 is down to a couple. As far as nesting goes ① The back hole currently appears to be occupied by nesting Bluebirds. ② I saw ♂611 and ♀637 take a long hard look at a hole in the top of a broken stub of a Golden Oak near the bottom of South ravine. Fortunately, neither bird went in. Hope they don't nest there. ③ A large Black Oak just west of the previous tree might be worth looking at for hole possibilities. 22 May 1500 These guys have pulled a fast one. After watching here awhile, I see ♀637 fly into the low hole of the granary. I flush her out, climb up to the hole, and find 3 just hatched nestlings and One egg that has a chance of hatching as well. Too bad. Considering

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus LA2 (22 may) the fact that I watched here 14 + 17 May ad never saw a bird in or at the hole, they must have had pretty low nest attentiveness. Anyway, it's a safe bet (or fairly safe) that the clutch size was 4 and hatching occurred today Also looks like only 6611 + 9637 are present here, so a pair instead of an unrelated trio, Too bad. 26 may Checked the nest, 1810. 3 very cold basics, no egg. (I was trying to watch the group from a distance, but the birds refused to go to the hole. The 4th egg I saw was gone. I Suspect that it hatched, + the young died. It seems a bit early to be tossing out eggs, but you never know. Still being conservative suggests that we can't say how many eggs hatched, 17 July Watching at LA2, I see juv 698 metal / blue near the LA2 granary at 0845, before it flies off toward LA2 1100, at LA2 I find J698 eating an acorn. Still a few acorns here 18 July Again i passing 1210, J698 m / blue in the granary. 2 other birds as well, but they both flushed quite early as I walked up, 13 Sept A good census here, starting 0900. 6611 DBlue/Blk/Gran-war Q637 LPink/Blk and J697 (not seen previously) M / Blue- Green Blk-Yellow / Blk looking like he may be in 8 plumage. Birds appear to be gathering green acorns from the far, far side of South Ravine 0940, starting to worry a bit about J698. End 1000. These guys out of acorns. 14 oct Storing has begun! ~100 new acorns (Blue Oak?) in the granary.

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1981 4 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Arnold 2 2 Nov A struggle 1200-1300 but I do get a complete Census here. ♂611 DBlue-corn, ♀637 LPar/Bik J697 Bik-yellow/M (in ♀ plumage), J698 M/CBlue (in ♂ plumage). "Lots" of acorns here, for this granary anyway. 11 Dec Coated stores, 1600. Main granary 200 Elsewhere 300 TOTAL 500 ♂611 seen here in passing.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Fanny Arnold (27 May) Start watch here 0840. Walter found one egg in the nest yesterday, watching for behavior. 0845, the first thing I see is 9614 Bkrt-Dorn (N)/Metal from Finch (!) intruding here, mildly supported by 9652 Yellow/Metal! 0950, Very difficult watching here. Unable to get any real data, but I have the definite impression that 9651 is not following 9652. Both birds seen well, but only once together 22 June Here in passing, I see 9651 feed at the nest, so nest still in progress. 30 Aug I stroll past here at 0930, sit down, and by 0935 I have a complete census! 9651 Dorn/M 9652 Yellow/M, and both juvies 705 DBinc/Red wnt + 706 M/Green-Dorn all seen well in the granary-nest tree-roost tree area. Even a bit of intruder action by a 9NB. chased most vigorously by J705. 14 Oct Start 1430: After seeing 9652 fighting with the new 9 at UA2, I stroll up here. I find both juvies, Dorn J705, Red/Ear-Dorn and J706 M/"". But also here, looking like she belongs (in the roost tree, waits with the juveniles) is 9567 Red/Red m/Red of A1. 1450, no sign of 9651 yet. What's going on? Why is 9652 acting like she's abandoning? Storage hasn't started yet, near as I can tell. J706 looks like it might molt 9, but both juv still look young (dark eyes, small bills) 1530, Only the juvies around now. No sign of 9651. Also unclear what 9567's intentions are. I saw her with A1 birds earlier and she seen to be not around at the moment.

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1981 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Fanny Arnold 2 Nov New developments here, 1100. ♀567 Red/Red m/" from A1 has definitely moved here, seen storing acorns with J706, Metal/Lb m·Dbrn. J705 Blue/Red-mnt also here, although not seen storing, but both junics appear to be in ♂plumage (not totally convinced). So we seem to have a 2♂ 1♀ group. This brings up the question of why ♀652 (apparently) abandoned? Was it the disappearance, presumed death of ♂651? That left her with 2 ♂ (?) offspring with which she could not mate. Maybe, but why didn't she try to attract a new ♂? I'll have to watch at UA2 to see if her efforts at gaining admission to that group were successful or not, Also good to note that ♀567 definitely had sisters available with which to disperse 10 Nov A quick look, ♂705, 706, ♀567 all here:

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1981 R.L. Munne Melanerpes fornicivorus Bianca 3 Dec 1500, Bless my bones, Bianca is occupied! Maybe 100 or so acorns stored in the "halfway fallen" limb on the knoll. 1530, on the Divide between Black Oak and Bianca, I find at least 3 unbanded birds, perhaps a 4th bird as well. At least 1, probably 2 (or even 3) of the birds are ♂ NB. I think a ♀ NB is around, too. Confused near the end, as a couple of Black Oak birds (♂321, ♀689) around, and chasing, etc. 1600 4 friendly looking birds together on the open-top Valley Oak on Bianca ♂. Could it be 4 immigrants for sure? Wouldn't think this territory could hold 4 birds. But anyway, 2♂♂, 2♀♀, all unbanded! 11 Dec Counted stores 1630: About 250 Total, scattered about. Lots of empties. These guys will have to do better than that.

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