Acorn woodpecker species accounts, v4456

Mumme, Ronald L., 1954-

1982

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

Original Source

Source Material:
Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

Acorn woodpecker Acorn woodpecker--Behavior--California Hastings Natural History Reservation (Calif.)

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Chongo 7 Jan Watching here 0930, I find ♀565 wnt/LBlue right away, but then from 0950-1020 the granary is occupied solely + uncontestedly by 2 Buckeye birds, ♂663 B1K/LBlue-Red and ♀666 B1K-Red/M, Those 2 birds sat around, eating acorns, until 1020 when ♀565 returned and started to karrit loudly and mildly chase ♀666 (but not ♂663). This commotion seemed to attract the ♂NB, who proceeded to chase ♂663 out of the granary (with some vigor). ♀565 then chased the intruder ♀ out. I saw one of the intruders fly off across the canyon toward Buckeye. 1040, ♀666 returned, chased by ♀565 but not by ♂NB, even though he was there. ** 12 Jan GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀565 founds Chongo as adult 20 Sept 1981 ±2weeks ② ♂849 (nobod's) " " Age unknown " " " " " ♀565 last seen at 1800 1 Sept 1981; Birds + stored acorns were first seen at Chongo 19+20 Oct. 11 Feb Counted stores, 1530 650 TOTAL Doing pretty well, considering. Flushed 2 birds from the granary as I walked up. So group is still intact, presumably. Also took a sample of ~ 30 acorns (almost all live oak) and replaced them with about 30 of my own 3 April Counted stores, 1630: 410 TOTAL Not too bad. Also, walking around with Molly, we find a new roost hole. On Buckeye, 20 m above canyon, is spidly but relatively large Valley Oak 50 m upstream from Chongo. It isn't a great hole, but it could be where they've been roosting Also, a nice-looking new hole is under construction in the granary

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Chongo 7April Molly reported the male sitting in the newly-constructed nest hole on 5 April, so at 0930 F climb up (easy!) to peep in. Not surprisingly, no eggs yet, but it looks like a very nice, deep hole. 12April I peep into the new hole in the granary, 1330: No eggs. 9 May Well Finally, at Molly's recommendation I come up here to check the hole: I flush a bird out, climb up + find 4 eggs, very fresh (I would guess clutch just completed, or 1 more egg to go). Opened hole (see nest record). I would guess 20 May to look for hatching Also, molly has noted the disappearance of 9565 and the appearance of a 9NIB. See her notes for details. 13May Still 4 eggs, 1515. So clutch was certainly completed by 9 May. 22May Peeped in, 1745. 3 Nestlings, and egg 4 unchatched. It probably wait either, since its been at least 13 days since it was laid. Also, as Molly had told me, the 9NIB here has a very strange, all-dark. eye. Absolutely no white in the iris at all, but the right eye seems completely fine. I don't know what her vision is like, but at least she'll be easy to identify. 28May Big news here: Molly watched the nest here this afternoon and saw a snake (probably gopher snake) come down the granary, and go into the nest hole! Molly watched for some time, but

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1982 R.C. Mumme 2a Melanerpes formicivorus Chongo Nest Record 9 may Checked new granary hole 1515, after 4 eggs flushing bird. Clutch probably new, eggs very fresh, last egg probably laid today ① 25.0 × 19.1 ② 24.6 × 18.8 ③ 24.7 × 19.1 ④ 25.0 × 18.4 13 May Checked hole, 1515 still 4 eggs 22 May Peeped in, 1740. 3 nestlings egg ④ as yet unhatched, probably went 28 May Nest check 1800, after gopher snake activity (see notes) 1 nestling 4 June Still one young, 1830 11 June Banded one healthy nestling, 1715: Now Juv #801. Molly saw nestling Fledge 20 or 21 June (see her notes)

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1982 R.L. Mumme 3 Melanerpes formicivorus Chongo (28 May) the snake never emerged. Alan + I walk up at 1800 (1900 daylight), I check the hole + find one terrorized Acorn Woodpecker nestling. Presumably, the two others were eaten, but that is of course unknown. I say, the remaining nestling was terrorized, because it did not give the usual begging calls when I opened the hole. Instead, it gave continuous peepings that a 10-day old nestling gives after being handled. I will have to check here tomorrow. The remaining nestling was undamaged, as far as I could tell. 1 June I walk up here at 1830 and am amazed to flush a bird from the nest hole and hear a baby squawking inside. The nest is still active! At least for the moment, as the snake could return at any time. 4 June 1930, flushed an adult from the nest, peeped in, and found one nestling still doing quite well. He may make it yet. 8 June Counted stores, 1845: 150 TOTAL Also, I heard peeping from the nest (I think), so the nest is still going. 11 June Banded the one nestling here; doing well, new Juv #801 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9565 disappears 20 April 1982. Last seen by Molly 17 April, missing by 20 April, a new RNB present 24 April, ** ② 9872 unbanded [illegible] moved here 22 April ±2 days.

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1982 R.C. Murme Melanerpes formicivorus Chongo 20 June Molly reported J801 fledged here this morning during her nest watch. See her notes. 16 Aug Counted stores, 1800: 20 Close to being out. Also watched a bit here. Saw the 'one-eyed' ♀, heard others. At roosting, the ♀ flew toward the Sycamores.

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1982 R.c. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Buckeye Hartings Reservation ** 12 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE * ① ♂619 disappeared about 3 Oct ± 2 weeks Last seen at Y on 21 Sept 1981. Missing at Buckeye 16 Oct, 31 October. 12 April I walk by the 79-80 hole and the 81 granary hole, 1345. Nobody looking out of either. Still plenty of acorns stored here. 19 April Another walk by the same two holes, 0630, still nobody looking out of either. 27 April Another walk past, 1030: Nobody in any holes. I even checked the 3 holes in the Valley Oak 50 m SSW of the granary. It seems like they should have a nest by now. April 30 Any Again 1730: Still nobody in any holes 1 May Alan watched up here today, and reported birds going into a hole in the extreme tip of the last live branch of the granary. I walk up at 1630 and indeed find a ♀ (!) looking out of the hole. Pretty darn precarious, but it is a live branch. I'm willing to give it a try with the rope ladder, to at least see how it feels (the limb, that is). It is possible that they've been incubating for some time, as it is quite likely that I missed seeing this hole on 27 + 30 April, 4 May I chicken out of Climbing up here with the rope ladder, we'll have to go with the extension ladder. Also, at 1800 I here peepings (I think) from inside the hole

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes forficivorus Buckeye (4 May) meaning the young have already hatched. This means that 25 May would be a good day to struggle up here with the extension ladder and band the birds. 24 May Alan has been watching here today and on 22 May, and has seen no activity in the nest hole. The implication is that the nest has failed @ (possibly because of my disturbance on 4 May?) and they may have a new nest somewhere. On 22 May I walked around here, and found no new holes as nobody looking out of any holes that I knew about. Today Alan saw a bird carrying food off to the large trees just to the north of the granary, but I found no [illegible] holes there. 1410, I'm watching the granary from the blind Very hot day All 4 helpers (♂663, ♀664, ♂665 ♀666) seen well + simultaneously in the granary, 1515: No evidence of food-taking. And where are the breeders? Could they be gearing up for a new nest and are in the throes of mate guarding? Could some disaster have befallen them all here nest failure? Ah, the mysteries of Buckeye! 4 June Watching here 0900-1130. Both ♂252 + ♂239 seen well, plus ♀664, ♂665, ♀666. But no evidence of a new nest. Almost every time the birds came to the granary, they flew off toward the north, to

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Buckeye (4 June) right + slightly downhill of the granary. I even saw one bird carry an acorn bit in that direction. I once again walk over there, find nothing, but then pick up 3 or 4 birds on the far side of the Ravine, perched in some trees there. This could have been where they were flying. After watching the birds there for a while, it again seemed that nothing was up. I walked over, found no holes. So it seems unlikely that Buckeye has a nest. Once possibility is that the always elusive ♀483 has finally disappeared, although I see her so rarely it would be hard to say. Perhaps she disappeared and the 1st nest failed (or vice versa), and because of the two ♀ helpers, no new ♀ has sensed the breeding vacancy ("Finch syndrome"). Buckeye requires more watching. Only other thing of note was that ♀666 picked Dominance! ♀664 hard once whilst the two birds were perched together in the granary. 11 June Trying here again, 0915. Well, still looks like no nest. Only ♂665, ♀664+666 seen, none carrying food anywhere. This time the birds were always flying off toward the south. Again I checked all the holes I knew about, but found nobody looking out anywhere

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Plague **12 Jan** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀661 disappeared 30 Sept 1981 ± 1 week Last seen on 22 Sept 1981 at Y. Missing from Plague by 6 October ** 10 Feb Counted stores, 1700: utility pole 200 (agurss) 2° tree 350 main granary 1650 2200 TOTAL. These birds have lost more stores, including a deal horizontal "copulation" limb in the 2° granary About 100 acorns, 150 holes or so. Probably fell in early Jan. 11 Feb Collected about 70 acorns from a down limb under the 2° g. The limb came down in early-mid January some time 4 April Counted stores, 1200: utility pole ~50 2° tree 400 1° granary 1010 1460 TOTAL Watched here a bit, 1700 - 1800. Ever saw a slight ♀dom! dominance interaction: ♀494 + ♀496 pecked together in the 2° granary, ♀494 gave ♀496 a couple of gentle pats to the side of the head. Un oh: 1615, looks like definite mate guarding. It seems that both ♂S21 + ♂473 are following ♀494, and neither ♂ seems to give a shit

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plague (4 April) about 9496. About 4 conspicuous double-♂ follows (2 for sure, 2 inferred, but a pack of 3 none the less). Roosting, Molly watches last years nest up at Buckeye canyon. She sees nothing. But I saw the birds disappear up that way at dusk. Have they a new hole. Will have to find out tomorrow. 5 April Yes! Start watch 0600. About the first thing I see after walking over the crest of adobe hill, is a new hole, obviously recently worked upon (back brown, recently disturbed where the birds were "standing" at the entrance. SE side of Buckeye ravine, a blue oak about 40 meters W of last years hole. Deadstub, hole faces N. Easy to get to: Using peeper, at 0600 No eggs! 0650, Nothing has happened here, watching from Adobe 0705, 9496 alone in 2° g. Not attended. 0730 All 5 birds in Plague tree: 0740, A ♀, almost certainly 9494 (attended by two other ♂♂; I'm pretty sure also that 9496 remained in the grassy. Someone left with a wood chip (9494?). ♀ enters one ♂ flies to hole, then a second. ♂ #1 enters, then ♂#2 which is 8473. One ♂ looks out. 0745, I hear tapping from inside the hole. 0755, all 3 birds leave. 0800, I peep in! AN EGG! First (I guess) of the season, laid by ♀ 494, without question, between 0740 and 0755.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formitivorus Plague (5 April) 0830 Leslie relieves me. She is watching from blind. At 1000 ♀496 enters hole, removes ♀494's egg: How about that!! See Leslies' notes for today. Egg-tossing! However, was today's egg the first egg? Impossible to know, since I didn't find this hole until today. 1300 Opened hole. Empty. Hopefully these birds won't be freaked out by it. I did my best to disguise the cut trails with dap, and then to rough up the dap, so we will just have to wait & see. 6 April 0630, watching hole from blind: Nothing! 0820, ♂473 + ♀496 look in suspiciously for a few seconds, but that's all. No eggs laid, so yesterday's might well have been a "spontaneous abortion" -- another false start. Still heavy guarding of ♀494 by ♂473 + 521 1650, watching for prenesting data, summarized on back. Obvious packing by ♂473 & 521 on ♀494. 7 April Watching here, 0615. Leslie is watching the nest hole up on Adobe. I'm watching to see (1) ♀-guarding, and (2) To see if the birds are inspecting any other holes. ♀-guarding data on back. Leslie reports at least 3 birds inside the nest hole, carrying out wood chips. I checked the hole at 0820, no eggs. However, I saw no evidence that the birds were interested in any other holes: The only times I lost track of them up Adobe Hill, they visited the hole

6 April 1982 Plaque Pre nesting Behavior 1655-1815 1655 ♂660 2° | (alone) 1700 ♂521 473 ♀494 2° | ♂660 1° 05 " " " (trio) Adobe | 10 ? 15 trio ♂660 1°g | 20 ♂473 521 ♀494 496 1°| 25 trio Adobe | ♂660 ♂496 1°| 30 " " | ♂660 ♂496 1°| 35 ♂660 1°| ♀496 2°| trio elsewhere 40 ♂660 ♂496 1°| 45 d11 5 2° 50 core 4 2° | ♂660 1°| 55 core 4 Upper Barn | ♂660 1°| 1800 ♂660 ♀496 1°| others elsewhere 05 ♀496 ♂660 2°| 10 ♀496 ♂660 2°| trio adobe 15 all 5 2° Following ♂473 ♂521 both ♂ ♀494 Follows Failures to follow Move away from ♀496 Follows FTF MAF 7 April 1982 Plaque Pre nesting Behavior 0615-0800 0615 all 5 1°| 20 trio Sycamores | 25 trio ♀496 Water tank | ♂660 1° 30 trio Water tank | ♂660 ♂496 1° 35 core 4 1° 40 ? 45 core 4 2° 50 trio Water tank | ♂660 ♀496 1° 55 ? 0700 trio Cabin darau | ♀496 utility pole | 05 ♀496 2°| trio cabin 10 core 4 1° 15 ? 20 ? 25 ♂521 ♀494 2°} ♂473 adobe} 30 ? Following ♂473 ♂521 both ♂660 alone alone ♂473+♂521 ♀494 Follow FTF MAF II ♀496 Follow FTF MAF II

1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes fornicivorus Plague (7 April) Watching in the afternoon briefly with the FA's, it looks like ♀-guarding is breaking down somewhat. Maybe resting is not so imminent. 8 April Another no-egg day. Molly watched the hole from 0615-0830, seeing only ♂496 fly in to remove wood chips. Again, I watched the group. Again it Seemed like ♀-guarding was disappearing, but my data are of dubious value. At least 2 intruders were hanging around persistently about 0800, but I could never see who they were. 9 April 0635, I'm watching the new hole from a blind. Zero! Except for a few Karrits behind me, absolutely nothing. 10 April 0640, watching from Adobe Hill, looking at the 1981 hole brush ad the new hole. Leslie watching from blind. These birds are starting to play games with us. Leslie reports ♂496 + ♀521 look in, but no action in the hole. Leslie also says a bit of action further up the hill. I wandered around a bit down near the gravity, 0700-0800, and didn't see much of anything. Certainly doesn't seem like any mate-guarding is going on, no any interest in other holes 11 April Watching from Adobe, overlooking the new hole + last year's hole, 0640. By 0810, NOTHING HAS HAPPENED. A ♂ stumbled up this direction briefly, but that was it. 1450, Watching from Lab Area, looking for

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1982 R.L. Murme Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque (11 April) any evidence of ♀-guarding. 1510, a nice case of ♂521, ♂473 both following ♀494. Moving up to Adobe 1530, uh-oh, two birds looking into (but not, as far as I saw entering) the 1981 nest hole. Will have to keep an eye on it. I think the hole below the '81 hole is a Starling nest, but not totally discountable. 1545, ♀494 flies back toward the main granary area, followed by two birds, one certainly ♂473. So it seems that ♀ guarding is still in force here They may yet nest here soon. * * * Also, Early AM was extremely windy, and during the night, another major Plague Storage limb fell. This was the dead, downward-pointing limb in the 2º granary. An exact estimate of holes + acorns lost will be forth coming. 12 April Watching here 0620 to 0820. Lots of action and in the new hole, primarily because of a persistent pair of starlings hanging around. 0630 Starling in. 30 sec later, [illegible] starling leaves, ♂473 comes to hole, karrits, flies off. ♂-♀dom → This sort of thing repeated many times. At one point ♂473 and ♀496 were together at the hole, when ♂473 gave ♀496 a gentle peck to the hole. ♂521, ♂473, ♀496, ♀494 all there 0650 ♂473 entered, leaves 0651. 0724 ♀496 enters, leave 0725 Only birds in 0820, checked hole, no eggs

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1982 R.L. Mumme 6 Melanerpes fornicivorus Plague (12 April) 1400, walking past I find a ♂ looking out of the new hole. Clearly, this is going to be the hole. But when? [illegible] 14 April 21.3 x 15.6 - possible runt egg laid by ♀496. 13 April Molly watches here in the morning, sees only a major starling battle. See her notes 14 April Finally, action! Leslie watched here this morning and saw ♀496 in the nest for 15 minutes between 0640 and 0655, at the end of which she flew out of the nest carrying an egg! She carried the egg all of 10 feet to a horizontal, looping limb of the nest tree, where it was partially eaten! I came up at 0840, and Leslie directed me to the limb. Egg was partially eaten, but it was still possible to measure it: 21.3 mm x 15.6 -- a sure runt! Therefore since ♀496 was the only ♀ in the hole, and clearly nothing was laid the last two days (see Mollies, Ala's notes: They checked the hole after Molly's watch) we have a clear-cut case of ♀496 laying her own runt egg, then removing it before she had even left the nest! See Leslie's notes for details on eating. When I looked at the egg at 0845, A large chip had been removed from near the blunt in. A small amount of reddish-orange liquid (mixed yolk [?]+ albumen?)

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque Hastings Reservation (14 April) was sloshing around in the opposite end. The egg was fixed in a crevice on the horizontal part of the limb. Very little yolk albumen remained, about 1-2mm deep. The egg was "vertical" [blunt end up], not horizontal. This rutt, judging by the reddish color, seems to have had a yolk. Oh, I did of course check the hole after all this: It was indeed empty. Left 0850 By 0930, I had walked up here with camera to try to get some pictures, but the egg had disappeared. Thrown out at 0700, gone by 0930. 1545, getting guarding data. See reverse. As was the case last week, the 2 breeding ♂ appear to be at fairly closely guarding ♀494, although ♂473 seems to slip off by himself occasionally. Both ♂ are ignoring ♀496, although even though she was the bird that laid the rutt egg today: Very strange. This afternoon, the birds spent a lot of time flying back and forth from the nest area to the quarry area (where I was watching from), so I would take that as a good sign that these birds are serious this time. We'll see what happens. 15 April A very distressing day here: In short, ♀496 laid a normal egg, then removed it herself. The gory details follow. Watching hole 0610. Hole checked 0600: EMPTY. 0619 ♀496 enters, looks out. BP 0620 0624 LO: 0625 BD:

Plaque Pre nesting 14 April 1982 1545 - 1730 1545 ♂660 ♀496 20 | 50 ? 55 nobody arou 1600 Trio 20g | 05 all 5 20 10 ♂660 20 | 15 ♂660 20 | 20 ♂660 10 | 25 ♂660 10 | ♂660 10 | 30 ♀496 20 | ♂660 10 | 35 Trio 20 g | 40 Nobody 45 " 50 ♂473 20UB | others elsewhere 55 Nobody 1700 " 05 Trio 20g 1710 Nobody 15 ♂660 20 | 20 ♂660 20 | 25 ♂660 10 | 30 ♂660 20 | ♂473 ♂521 both ♂660 ♀494 F FTF MAP ♀496 F FTF MAP

{ "text": "1982 R.L. Mumme\n\nMelanerpes formicivorus\n\nPlaque\n(15 April) 0626, ♀496 Looks out: A flicker (♂) is on the nest stub, drumming: 0628 ♀496 backdown\n0629 LO 0631 BD 0635 LO (starling nearby)\n♀496 in hole 0637 BD; 0639 LO;\n0619-0657. 0641, ♂461 arrives at hole, looks in, tries to enter but backs out after getting halfway in. Leaves 0642\nEgg laid 0645, ♀496 still looking out.\n0648, ♂Flicker tapping on nest stub opposite hole;\nThen on top of nest stub: ♀496 back down at 0650, despite Flicker. ♀496 Leaves 0657\n0658 Peeped into nest: An egg, of course, and does not appear to be a raut: Will open later to measure. Definitely laid by ♀496.\n0701, Back in blind, watching.\n0733 ♂Flicker back, tapping at entrance to nest (trying to widen entrance?)\n0749, ♀494, ♂521 arrive at hole, look in 5sec each, but neither enters.\n0800 ♀494 looks in again, 5 sec, flies off, without entering\n0807 \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque (15 April) then flies off 0811. Big trouble: I climb up to the branch, and measure the now broken egg: 25.5 x 17.8 mm. Clearly not a rutt, and clearly the work of 9496, who threw it out. Oh Dear: In addition to the puncture, there was a hairline crack around most of the egg, but I was able to pick it up, measure it, and put it back on the branch without destroying it. The only consolation in all this is that I think I got a nice photo of 9446 leaving the nest with the egg. 0830, I set up the camera for Leslie to take pictures of birds eating the egg. See her notes for a running account. At 1030, I return to find egg shell in two fragments, one large, one small which I photograph. I then get back in the blind and get one perhaps OK photo of 521 holding up the large egg fragment before flying off. Leslie also reported that 9496 removed more wood chips during her watch from 0830 - 1030. This sounds suspiciously like 9496 has not gotten her act together. We'll see what happens tomorrow. 16 April More weird stuff today at Plaque: 9494 alone lays, and her egg is thrown out by 521! What is wrong with these birds, anyway? 0605, watching hole: Checked at 0600, empty. 0615, a starling enters nest hole, I scare him out. Back in the blind at 0618:

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1982 R.L. Munme Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque (16April) 0710, ♀494 lands at hole, enters immediately: 0712, ♂521 looks in, enters: Both ♂521, ♀494 in hole together. ♂473 looks in for 30 sec, flies off without entering. 0716, I hear tapping from inside hole. 0716: Uh-Oh, ♀496 enters the hole; 3 birds all down inside hole 0719 ♂521 looks out. 0722, One of the ♀ leaves with wood chips. Judging by the fact that this ♀ was not followed from the nest by ♂521, and by the fact that ♀496 has been removing a lot of wood chips the last few days, I'd say ♀496 left at 0722, ♂521 continues to look out. All 0724: ♂521 leaves, second ♀ (♀494?) looks out. She has a very thin black line from the closure of the bill through the white bar of the face. She leaves 0724, too: Checked hole by peeping: Anot unexpected new egg: There is some doubt about ownership, since both ♀♀ were in the hole while it was laid: But I'm fairly certain it was ♀494's for the following reasons: ① This egg, ever by peeper, was definitely shorter + rounder than yesterdays egg. (♀494's eggs are usually not as long + narrow as ♀496's). Definitely not a raut! ② ♀494 entered first + (presumably) left last. ③ ♀496 has been removing wood chips, Behavior not appropriate for a laying ♀. 0728 Back in the blind.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque (16 April) 0801, $496$ enters, stays 30 secs, leaves with wood chips, not with an egg! Shit! 0810, Leslie relieving me. Anyway, she reports that despite one more wood chip visit by $496$, it is $521$ entered about 0845 and removed the egg: Fate of the egg was unknown: Not carried to the same branch nearby, but downhill toward the granary area. All of this, of course, makes no sense whatsoever. Hopefully, this will turn out to be an aborted nest. What will happen tomorrow? 17 April Answer: Things are getting worse. Basically, Both $99$ laid today, and $473$ threw out what was probably $496$'s egg. As a change, I put the watch details on back: [Anyway, at 0830, only 1 egg, fairly certainly laid by $494$, remained in the nest, Leslie watched the hole 0830-1100, during which time all 4 breeders entered the hole but no eggs were thrown out. Egg Removal could be Over here. Most unfortunate. We'll have to see tomorrow. 1220, getting a bit of pre-nesting behavior data. See reverse. SOS, $494$ followed by both $8$. Only interesting thing is that both $521$ + $496$ entered a hole in the Valley Oak by Jim's office 18 April Well, as I feared, both $494$ + $496$ laid eggs today, thereby bringing to an end (?) this unfortunate series of egg removals. Details of the watch are on the back

17 April 1982 Plague egg-laying watch 0610 watching 0620 $496 enters, leaves w/woodchip, 25 sec later- 0625 $496 enters, LO 0625 0629 LO 0630 BD 0631 LO 0635 BD 0640 LO 0643 BD 0645 LO, gives two garritts from next hole 0646 BD others here 0647 $494 enters, $521 at hole looking in $473 looks in briefly, $521 return 0647 tapping from inside hole 0650, $496 leaves, $521 enters 0650 $473 enters 0652 one male looking out occasionally 0653 $ leaves with egg! ($473) flies down to right of me, fate of egg uncertain 0657 $521, $494 still in hole 0704 $494 10, leaves 0705 $521 leaves 0708 checking hole: 1 egg asymmetrical air cell. I forgot per, so opened up, too 26.5 x 19.4 ownership of this egg uncertain, but probably $494, as she had been in the hole only 6 min when the egg was removed. The egg was removed by $473 was fairly surely of $496. 0745 $496 enters, leaves with woodchips 0830 Relieved by Leslie 17 April 1982 Prenesting behavior 1220 Trio Blue Oak | $660 10g | 1225 $660 10g | 30 $660 20 | $496 10 | 35 "" | 40 $660 10 | 45 ? 50 $496 20 ($660 10) Trio Adose 55 1300 $660, Trio 20 | 05 ? 10 Trio 20 15 Trio BBO | $496 10 | $660 20 $473 $521 both $660 $494 F FTF MAF $496 F FTP MAF 1320 ? 25 all S 10 30 35 40 nobody 45 nobody 50 ? 55 ? 1420 $660 10 2/3 Trio 2 25 $660, Trio 20 | 30 Trio, $660 20 | 35 Trio 20 40 Trio cabin | [illegible] 05 $660 $496 10 | 10 $660 10 15 $660 10

1982 R.c. numme Melanecpes formicivorus Plaque (18 April) of this page, page 12. The 3 eggs have been marked, but E definitely need to measure them all soon. 19 April Late start here, but two more eggs laid today Also, it appears that mate guarding is breaking down and incubation is about to begin (if not already begun). ♂521 lingered in the hole at 0730 after ♀494 had left the nest area. Anyway, ♀496 laid before 0645, ♀494 laid between 0707 & 0725. 0800, I opened the hole, measured all the eggs and marked the new ones. ① 26.7 x 19.6 ♀494 (for sure) asymmetrical air cell 17 Apr ② 26.0 x 19.0 ♀496 (probably) 18 Apr ③ 26.9 x 20.4 ♀494 (probably) 18 April ④ 27.1 x 20.1 ♀494 (probably)(almost certain) 19 Apr ⑤ 26.7 x 19.0 ♀496 (almost certain) 19 April 20 April No watch today, but I check the hole at 1700. ♂ was incubating as I arrived, so Mate guarding has certainly ended here. Anyway, two new eggs marked & measured. ⑥ 26.6 x 18.9 (♀496 almost certainly) ⑦ 26.4 x 19.7 (♀494 almost certainly) This egg also had an asymmetrical air cell, which ♀494's first egg also had. Clutch may be complete here, but we shall see what happens tomorrow.

18 April 1982 Plaque egg-laying watch 0610 checked hole, egg ① is still there 0626 ④496 enters LO 637 BD 634 LO 37 BD 40 LO 41 BD 43 LO } ④496 lays 0647 ④496 leaves Icheck hole via peeper: 2 eggs now in nest 0651 Back in blind 0658 ⑤521, ④494 enter 0659 ④473 enters, LO occasionally 0705 ④473 leaves 0707 ⑤521 LO 0723 BD 0724 ④494 LO then leaves 0726 ⑤521 leaves w/woodchip (!) Nest check, 3 eggs Marked, will measure later 19 April 1982 0650 start 0650 ④496 looking out Laid before 0645 0655 halfway back down 0656 1.0, leaves (garricks) 0700 Nest checked, now 4 eggs, a small, skinny one (laid by ④496) 0707 ④494 enters, goes down 0708 ④473 looks in 0709 ⑤521 arrives chattering, ④473 enters, } ④494 lays ⑤521 at hole 0718 ⑤521 flies off 0725 ④494 leaves 0800 Nest checked 5 eggs

1982 R.L. Munme 12a Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque Nest Record (See notes for details) hatched 1 May from eggs 1+3 (2494) both Hatched 2 May from eggs 4-7 (2494, 2496) 6 May ①*721 ②*722 ③*723 ④*724 ⑤*725 ⑥*726 Bik-Red Red-unr DGreen Red Red-Blue N/B 27.5g 24.8g 20.8g 19.5g 16.5g 13.0g 13 May 62.0g 58.5g 48.5 47.5g 39.0g 25.5g Weight 12/15 hrs, feathers just emerging 23 May, Checked nestt banded 6 nestlings, 1300 weight 89.5g 89.0 82.5 81.0 76.0g 63.5g wing leg 83.' 82 78 76 71 53 devel.seq. ③ 2 4 1 5 6 J721 + 722 were definitely ahead of the others size wise, but lagged J724 in crown development

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque 21 April Would you believe 2 more eggs!? Checked the nest at 1700, found 2 more eggs laid today: (8) 26.4 x 19.5 (9494 likely) (9) 25.8 x 17.8 (9496 likely) This makes a total of 9 eggs, a new record HNHA clutch! Actually, I shouldn't say total, since somebody could lay tomorrow, I suppose. Room at the bottom of the hole is definitely becoming limiting. 22 April Checked the hole, 1815. Still 9 eggs, so clutch is complete as of 21 April. A good time to check the nest for Hatching would be 1 May 1 May As promised, I checks the nest 1600. Eggs (1) + (3) have hatched, and the young marked with blue sharpie ink on the right leg. All other 7 eggs still present. Egg (2) is not going to hatch: Liquid filled center. Will check again early tomorrow. But these two definitely hatched on 1 May. Eggshells still present in the nest. 2 May Checks the nest, 1600: 6 babies! The young from 1+3 with Blue on the right leg still apparent. These two definitely the offspring of 9494! The 4 new today were marked on the left leg, and the larger of these two on the left wing as well. Eggs (8)+(9) have not yet hatched, but both have a chance. (9) was pipped, but (8) was sort of stuck inside an old egg shell. Hopefully that won't affect hatching. Egg (2) was removed by me.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plague 3 May Nest check, 1715. Still 6 nestlings, all remarked with blue magic marker. Egg ⑨ is gone. I suspect it hatched (it was pipped yesterday), and the young bird heaved out. Egg ⑧ did not hatch. I removed it from the nest, opened it, and found a fully developed chick inside, quite dead. Hard to see how it failed to hatch. So skew in nestling ownership at the moment is 4-2 in favor of ④⑨④. 6 May Nest check 1430: Still 6 young, doing pretty well. The blue magic marker was still visible, so I know that the two heaviest nestlings came from eggs 1+3, (both ④⑨④), hatching on 1 May. Weighted banded the young (see nest record for details. 13 May Leslie reported a possible ⑤②1 heaving out a dead nestling today, so at 1215 we trudge up to check the nest. All 6 nestlings doing quite well, although there is a tremendous weight range (25.5g - 62.0g). Leslie probably just saw a huge fecal sac (removed by ⑤②1), The rat is still questionable, but he did put on 12.5g in a week 23 May Banded + bled 6 healthy Plague nestlings today: They are now Juvs. 721-726! 4 June Walked by the nest, a Juv still looking out at 0845. 5 June Counted stores, 1000: Utility pole: 5 2° granary 125 TOTAL 600 1° granary 470

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1982 R.L. Marone Melanerpes formicivorus Plague 7 June Leslie has been looking for the fledglings the last two days, and has seen only 2 of the 6. I go up to check the nest hole at 1500, and find it empty! So all 6 young must have fledged. 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** J722, 724, 725, 726 all not seen after banding 23 May 1982. Very clear now that only J721 + J723 are still around 7 Aug for the last 2 weeks or so, 1 or more fledgling Coopers Hawks have been very conspicuous here. Seems like I hear alarm calls every few minutes. 16Aug Counted stores, 1600: utility pole O 2° g 20 1° g 230 250 TOTAL Also watched off on here, 1500-1700. Complete census, so the coopers hawks haven't done any damage: ♂473, ♂521, ♀494, ♀496, ♂660 Juv dom! plus J721, 723 + 724. Plus I saw 3 dom interactions! J723 pecked twice at J721 and once at J724. Hopefully this will corroborate Leslies hierarchy. Also, I'm pretty sure (not totally positive) that J724 wnt-yellow/whr is molting into ♀ plumage! As J721 + J723 appear ♂-like, they are probably ♂♂. Birds here seen to be doing a bit of supsucking from the burkhouse Live Oak.

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Y 6 Jan Watching here, 1000. Complete census: 2 ♀ NB, ♂669 or-DBlue/MAWR + fleetingly ♀668 Blk-brn/m. At first I could find only the 2 ♀ NB, but at 1030 ♂561 Yellow-Blk/m intruded into the locusts. The 2 ♀♀ started to barrit loudly for ~1 min, and occasionally mildly supplant ♂561. All this activity brought in ♂669 (from SHILL?) who staggered ♂561 out fairly vigorously. Still actively storing Live Oak acorns, from a small tree in Big Creek 30 M SE of the barn, and apparently from near wickerhill trickle as well. Knoll set appears active as ever, ♂561, ♂564, and 1-2 ♀ (at least 1 NB) as well. 8 Jan Finally, successful ambush here: 2 Birds roosted in the newly excavated hole in the small Valley Oak along wicker hill trickle near the dump road. It was too rotten to ambush in normal fashion, so I used the pool pole technique. 2 birds flew out into the net, but one got away, but I fortunately came up with one of the ♀NB, and she became ♀714, Yellow-DBlue/DBlue-Yellow DBlue-Yellow(N)/metal 12 Jan * GROUP UPDATE * ♀854 → ♀714, Presumed banded 8 Jan 1982 25 Jan Watching, 1000. Seems to be the status quo here. ♂564 and at least 1 ♀ still hanging out on the knoll. (I saw a ♀NB here 2 days ago, in the Pump granery.) At Y, ♂402 is back lurking around: ♀714, ♀NB, both here as well. 1050, just confirmed 2 ♀NB on the knoll set. In fact, I saw a nice dominance interaction between the two. It would

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Y (25 Jan) good to get them banded. The Knoll Set birds do "own" the sycamore below the Y. One knoll-setter is garricising occasionally, It might be 8564, or perhaps a NB intruder I thought that I saw earlier. Y proper, birds are still harvesting & storing Live Oak acorns, apparently from the late-ripening tree near the bridge just below the Griffins house. 8669, 9714, 9NB, 8402 all seen, but 9668 not yet confirmed. End 1120 30 Jan Successful ambush here at the same hole as 8 Jan, but all I come up with is 8669 & 9714. Both processed and released. 31 Jan Strolling down from S Hill, after seeing nobody there, I fi-d 5 birds in the trees right around the Y, 1710: 9668, 8669, 9714, 8402, 9NB. I don't know about 9668. She hasn't been seen at the Y granary in some time now. Also, at 1715 she clearly flew up to S Hill (to roost?). At least some birds were roosting in the 30 Jan ambush hole (!). 3 Mar I sneak some glances here while looking for Knoll Setters, and pull off a complete census, 1600: 9668, 8669, 9714, 9NB all seen well. 4 March Set up an ambush at the same hole as 8 Jan, then had an extremely successful roost watch. Y birds seemed to roost about 1800, including the 9NB and another bird in the ambushhole. Sitting near the Blonquist gate, Ether turned my attention to the Knoll Set birds, I found 9715 & 9NB in the Valley Oaks 20 m "upstream" from the

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1982 R.L. Mumme 3 Melanerpes formicivorus Y (4 march) big sycamore below the Y, where the birds have been roasting. Between 1800 and 1810, QNB made three trips back & forth between the Valley Oak and the Y granary by the Lower Bard. On each trip, she returned to the VO with an acorn! This amounts to stealing acorns While the owners are in bed. It's very interesting since ① Knoll Set has no granary and no stored acorns, and ② this almost seemed to be an act of intelligent reasoning (dare I say it?) on the part of the QNB. The three acorns, it seemed, were broken up and stored in crevices it bit form, in the Valley Oak. Q715 roasted in the usual sycamore hole about 1805, and QNB followed at about 1820. 5 March SHIT! Ambush here doesn't get the QNB. It was too late. 0550 was not early enough. 0530 is better. Anyway, one bird (QNB) flew out before I got the net over the hole, and all I could get was Q714 again! I'm getting tired of this. But I will probably try again soon... 8 April 1500, I actually see a bird working on the nice East-facing hole in the Blue Oak on the knoll. I climbed up to that hole not too long ago, and found it to be only about 2 inches deep. Indeed, the bird (a ♂: ⑦669?) would have his butt exposed as he pecked at the bottom. 29 April Been watching here casually the last two mornings. The general conclusions are as follows ① The 4 birds are all here: ⑦669, ⑥669, ⑦14, QNB

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Y 29 April all seen well. Also, the Y birds seem to have taken over the entire knoll, and there is no trace of knoll Set birds whatsoever. ② Holewise, nobody seems to be working on the Blue Oak hole on the Knoll anymore. Very little progress had been made, and according to Alan, it's still not deep enough for birds to enter. ③ Instead, the last 2 days the birds ♂ (♂669 for-sure) have been actively excavating a strange new hole in the big sycamore 30m upstream of the Y sycamore. The hole is in a thin, sharp, broken stub about halfway up the tree. Still not deep enough for birds to enter, though. ④ Birds are also interested in two holes in the Y sycamor, the one they have been roosting in, plus the weird one just below the woodrat nest. 6 May Watching here 1030. Well, ♂669 is working on yet another hole here: This is in the VO just upstream of the Lower Y Sycamore, in a dead broken stub of the Valley Oak. At the moment, ♂669 is only getting his head in, but he is making progress, it seems. I think ♀NB was working on it for awhile herself, just as I walked over. 1045, ♀714 is now working on a hole in the very top of the Low Y sycamore in a dead stub. She garricks once Also a "head only" hole. 1110, ♂669 moves an acorn in the grassy. So they do still have acorns, even though they're hard to find.

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Y 10 May Watching here, 0645-0830. ♂669, ♀714, ♀NB all here. I didn't see ♀668 today, but I did see her on 7 May (though I shamefully did not write it down), working briefly on the new V0 hole. Today, I saw no interest in any holes, although the weather (overcast, cool) might have had something to do with it. When I first walked up to Y, and at about 0730 again, too, I saw ♂669 and a ♀ up by the Still ravine, in the big Valley Oaks that contains a hole. I didn't see anybody in or at the hole, but it merits further attention. Also, the Y birds still have acorns (saw a few being moved around and eaten), but I will give them a few more, to hopefully encourage them to nest. 13 May watching 0610-0740. Starting to get frustrated. Only 2 birds seen all morning, ♀NB and ♂669. Both ♀714 and ♀668 conspicuously absent, although there were some conspicuous ♀NB intruders around. Absolutely no interest in any holes, that I could see anyway. The 2 birds were almost always in the granary or on the knoll. Also, ♂669 seems a bit displeased with ♀NB, karritting and very mildly supplanting her around the granary. They may at rock bottom acorn-wise, so I put ~20 mixed lobata + agrifolia acorns in the trunk of the granary. I'm starting to lose faith in the hope that Y will nest. 15 May 0920, Things getting worse. I come up and hear nearly co-stant garricking by ♂669. There

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1992 R.L. Murme 6 Melanerpes formicivorus Y (15 May) are now absolutely no ♀♀ here any more, I saw 2 ♀ intruders here, 9601 M/yellow, and a -other ♀ that F thought for sure was 9649 Lm-black/white, formerly of Blom 1. Looks bad here. Both 9714 + 9NB have probably gone home. Shortage of acorns? I gave them ~20 2 days ago 17 May 0650, a quick look here reveals 9669 and 9675 Green-whr/M ""/06am of 1500, starting to look as if she wants to join up here. She garricks occasionally, drums frequently, and is occasionally chased around a bit by 9669. Other ♀♀ seem to be around, too, so it's certainly not over yet. I wonder what's happening at 1500? 19 May Bless my bones! Alan reported yesterday 9714 and 9NB back, and sure enough, watching here 0745 I see both 9714, 9NB (surely the same 9855, as she is quite friendly with everybody. Also, 9668 B1K-brown/131K, who had been seen feeding young up on School Hill, is back! Or at least, she put in a brief appearance. Where could everybody have gone the last 5 days or so? My casual guess is that the ♀♀ were participating in a big PS somewhere, perhaps trying to move to a better territory, with acorns? Impossible to know. In the hope that now maybe Y will nest, again I place ~25 mixed Valley Oak-Live Oak acorns in the granary, 27 May Y is back to screwing around. At 0930 9669 alone in the granary, garricking. 9♀ are probably gone

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Y 5 June A quick look here, 0730: ♂669 is here, as is a ♀NB. Both were hanging out in the Lower Barn locusts, and both were giving occasional garricks. Leslie reported ♀668 back up at School Hill, feeding the nestlings there, on [illegible] 4 June. 13 June Watched there, 1000-1100. A few interesting points: ① ♂669 and a ♀NB (the same one that has been here regularly?) are here in the Lower Barn Locusts. No sign of ♀714 at all. She may well be gone. ② ♀668 made two brief appearances, and seemed friendly with the ♀NB on both occasions. Once I saw her capture a tipulid in the Lower Barn Area, fly to the top of the Y sycamore, then take off (w/ the tipulid) toward School Hill. I presume she was going to feed the fledglings upon School Hill. Otherwise, I saw no evidence of a nest, and although I saw the birds working the granary a lot (and even the ♀NB moving a small acorn bit), they are certainly effectively out of acorns 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀668 returned to School Hill 20 May ± 2 weeks. Last seen [illegible] regularly at Y in early (upto 7 May) May. Feeding young at School Hill in late May and again on 4 June. Brief appearances at Y 13 June ② ♀714 disappeared ~24 May 1982. Last seen on 21 May, missing on 26 May.

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Y 28 June Watching here, 0745-0845. Today it looks like a sure + solid 3-some for Y. ♂669, ♂668, and a ♀NB all looking comfortable. No sign of a nest, but I did see the ♀NB extract an acorn bit from the granary. Perhaps they are not as "out" of acorns as I thought. 18 July here 1845 to roosting (1945). Indeed, ♀NB, ♂669, ♂668 all seen well. What's more, I'm almost positive that the ♀NB roosted in the 1977 nesthole up the school hill canyon. I will try to ambush tomorrow. 23 July Finally, I ambush the ♀NB. She is now ♂833 M/whit whi-blk/white 26 July Watching here 0700. Hmm, bad things. ♂669 & ♂668 are certainly here, but no sign of the newly banded ♂833. Also, one of the School Hill juvies J753 M/white-red was flycatching from the Lower Barn Locusts, unco-tested by either ♂668 or ♂669. Some Plague Juves (723 for sure) also about. 0900, I walk over to the lower barn, and I find two piles of woodpecker feathers. One is under the granary locust, and the other pile is under the tree next to it to the east. Damn! This is probably ♂833. Shit, she could have died or been preyed upon as a result of the ambush. I last saw her in the Lower Barn Locusts on 23 July immediately after I let her go, and I failed to see her in passing on 24 July. In the "granary pile" I also find an unbanded left leg of a woodpecker (!), but it is

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1982 R.C. Murme Melanerpes formicivorus Y (26July) too small for AW. Probably a nuttall's. Some other things disturbed me about this find: ① I wrote in the capture record that 9833 had slight tail spotting. I found 10 tail feathers total, none with spots! However, some of these feathers could have been molted normally, & incidentally wound up on the ground near the piles. This is fairly likely, as Of the 10 feathers, only 1 central rectrix was present, meaning some duplication was certain. I found many 1° but even though 9833 was actively molting, I found no sheathed feathers. Also, all the 1° seemed quite sharp. Could this have been a juvenile? In short, we have any mystery! 27July Watching here, 0815: Ah, 9833 is here! 9833 M/wht No doubt! 669 also present. But who, then, was represented by that pile of feathers? A SStill juvie? a Plague juvic? a NB Juve? 9668 was certainly here yesterday, so it can't be here. 19 Aug I walk by here at 0800, and find 669 flycatching from the utility poles down by the pump. With him were all 3 SStill Juvies 753, 754 + 755. 669 seemed to get along well with his 3 sibs, even though I don't think they should no each other. However, no sign of either 9668 or 9833. It is probably up to its old tricks again.

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Y **23Aug GROUP UPDATE** ① Reinstate 9668: Blue Even though 9668 was moving back & forth between S'Hill & Y, She was definitely solidly at Y in July, and it's probably best to say she never returned to S'Hill 24Aug Unoh. At ~1000 I hear garricks, karris, wakas, and a bit of chasing all going on here. I don't manage to get down for a look until 1800. I find 9669 of course, plus a 9NB! Shit! 9833 appears to be gone, and no sign of 9668. 9669 & the new 9 appear quite friendly. Saw some good copulations at roosting time. Also hanging around was J754 who was quite friendly with 9669. How they "learned" they were sibs (if they did!) is an interesting question. However, the 9NB & J754 were not overly friendly, They pecked hard at each other at least twice. The first time the Juvie seemed to win, the second the 9NB definitely did. 25Aug Here again 0715. 9669 + 9NB, then at 0720 a second 9NB, being chased around by the other. 0740, Quiet, but 9669 + 9NB moving around together What about 9668? **Yet another GROUP UPDATE** ① 9833 disappeared 8 Aug 1982 ± 1week Last seen 27July, missing 19Aug ② 9668 disappeared 8 Aug 1982 ± 1week ③ 9NB 873 moved here (AU) 22 Aug 1982 Definitely not here 19Aug, present 24Aug

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1992 R.C. Murne Melanerpes formicivorus Y 29 Sept A quick look here 0930: Three birds here! ♂669 m/ or--DBlue/white of course, a ♀NB and J (♂?) 754 wht-dbr/m Lbrn/wht-Dbrn, all looking quite friendly with each other. Pretty sure J754 (ofSHill) is a ♂. Is he in the group for sure? It would be great if he is, as he is joining ♂669, a sib that he never "knew" on natal territory. Will have to keep watching here to be sure.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Knoll Set 29 Jan I must finally acknowledge the existence of this group, even though they have no granary, as far as I can tell. Also, I successfully ambushed here in the old hole in the sycamore below the Y, catching 8564 and an unbanded 9 which became 9715. 9715 seemed extremely weak when I let her go, feebly flying to a willow. She did fly out of there more strongly after a while, so I hope she'll be OK 31 Jan 1500, Alan + I saw away many of the branches that have overgrown the old Pump artificial granary branches, and install about 35 mixed Valley + Live Oak acorns. A little experiment to see if we can get the knoll birds interested in the Pump area. We also install a fallen Gate branch w/ ~50 acorns and ~ 100 usable holes, to sweeten the pot. We saw 3 birds around the Knoll and lower sycamore, so everyone should be around. 1 Feb 1420, Quick results! I walk back here and find 3 birds in the Pump granary! 9715, 8564 here for sure! Working ucorns! Moving them around! 8564 even shagged a jay out of the granary Also a third bird I saw as 9 Dpkr/m, probably 9193. She was here only briefly. 9 NB not around at the moment. 18 Feb A quick look here, 1700, I find 8564, 9715 Lgnc-DBlue/M and a bird that I thought was 9 but read as Yellow/Blackt (8561?). However, it looks like the birds are now totally ignoring the Pump granary. All the acorns were gone as of ~ 10 Feb, and I haven't seen the birds there since 1 Feb They are back to hanging around the knoll.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Knoll Set 4 March Things getting confusing here: Watched here late yesterday and saw only a 9NB i- the trees below the Y: Today, 0920-1000, a 9NB, 8561 Yellow-BLK/m 9715 LBlue-OBlue/yellow No sure sign of 8564 yot. Other birds, including 8660 of Plague. Roosting, some interesting observations of 9NB *→* stealing acorns out of the Y granary, after the Y birds had already roosted. See Y notes 6 March Successful ambush here in the same sycamore netting the second (unbanded) 9, now 9716 L Pnk/m Bkt-Red 8 March Beginning to look bad for 8564 here. Watching 0930, it takes a while, but 9715 LBlue-OBlue/yellow and 9716 L Pnk/m show up eventually in the Knoll Blue Oak. By 1030, still no sign of 8564. Alan is watching at 1800 right now to see if he's there 1035, further developments; 8669 of Y shows up in the Knolls Blue Oak 10 tree, and gives mild chases to the two 99, Hmm! Further evidence that 8564 is indeed gone. Could 8669 be contemplating polygyny (299 at Y, 2at knoll?) Will have to keep on top of things here. 10 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** (Time to admit defeat) 8564, 99 856, 857 all found Knoll Set as adults 1 November 1981: 8564 first noted here 17 Oct, though things weren't settled until 20 Nov 9856 presumed banded 9715, 29 Jan 1982 9857 "" "" 9716 6 March 1982 8564 disappeared 25 Feb 1982 ± 1 week

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus knoll Set 27 March A quick look here, 1320. Both ♀715 and ♀716 here, seen clearly, in the willow 30m downstream from the lower Y Sycamore. No evidence of ♂564, who Alan has seen in the last week at both 1800+ here. 1550 Walking by with Alan, a veritable cornucopia of 1800 birds. ♂561, ♂562, ♂695, ♂696 all seen well. Alan also reports ♂564 and ♂601 (!), obviously on the couts at 1500. Even saw a dominance interaction! * Dominance** Pretty sure I saw ♂695 peck at ♂696 as the two birds sat in the big Blue Oak on the knoll. 30 March A stroll past at 1620, I find both ♀715 & ♀716, and ♂564 hanging around here. Earlier, at 1430, I saw the 2 ♀ in the Pump granary. As I'm writing this, however, All 3 birds are fooling around in the fallen Knoll granary. What's more, they seem to be coming up with Acorns from somewhere. Y birds seem to be contesting them for ownership of the dominant Knoll Blue Oak. Y already has control of the hole tree 30 notes NE 1 April A quick look here with Molly + Leslie, 1615. ♀715, ♀716 ♂564 all here. Lots of activity. ♂562 also seen. Lots of chasing centered at the Knoll area. It seemed once again that Y birds were contesting for the Knoll trees. I certainly saw ♂714 in the vicinity, and I also saw some other birds vigorously chased ⚪ from the Knoll back to Y. 4 April Both ♀715 + ♀716 here in passing. 14 April ♀716 LArk/Metal in the VO ¾ up Haystack trail, 0800.

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1982 R.C. Munne 4 Melanerpes formicivorus Knoll Set 23 April Well, Knoll set appears to be a defunct group. ♂564 has been at 1800 regularly, and I have even seen him intruding at Gate recently. As for ♀♀715 + 716, They were last seen on 13, 14, + 15 April on Haystack Hill, each time in the Valley Oak along the fence-line near the summit of the Hill, by Alan, myself + Molly. Also, it seems that Y birds (by 18 April) have pretty much taken over the knoll. (See Alan's notes). So I would guess Knoll set abandoned about 10 April ± 1 week. 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂564 did not disappear on 25 Feb 1982. Instead he returned to 1800 ~ 7 April 1982 ± 1 week ② ♀715 + ♀716 abandoned 7 April 1982 ± 1 week All these birds were seen here 1 April, ♀715+716 on 4 April, but the ♀♀ were 64 on the side of Haystack on 13-15 April, and ♂564 returned to 1800 ~ the same time (see Molly's notes)

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 7 Jan Watching here 1430. Looks like birds may be harvesting acorns still from the 1500 draw area. Anyway, complete census. ♂297, ♂622, ♀601, ♂675 ♂676, ♂677 all seen. 12 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J678 disappeared about 5 Sept ± 2 weeks Last seen 20 Aug 1981 at Bloinquist, but missing from there 12 + 14 Sept and from 1500 14 sept and certainly gone by 30 Sept. 9 Feb Counted stores, 1330: 2° Valley Oak 500 1° granary 1830 2330 TOTAL Also took a sample of about 35 acorns from the secondary granary. A lot of Blue Oak acorns, (one of few groups with any, that I've seen), plus Valley & Live. 8 March Very strange happenings here, 1100. First, lots of intruders and chasing: Alan had been watching at 1800 and reported intruders there. Here we see 2♀ NB in the ☐ Sridge, above the granary. We then get a full census (♂297, ♂622, ♀601, ♀675, 676, ♂677), but then we notice that ♀601 seems to be getting chased by her own group member! She now seems to be excluded from the granary, and is hanging out on the ridge area. Once it appeared that ♀601 was being chased by a ♂ (!) 1145, Big Chase! 2 birds chase hell out of ♂601 for about 30 seconds, all over the territory. Don't know who, but it was definitely NOT ♂297 or ♂622, as I had them in sight 1150, Alan reports ♂676 definitely chased ♀601 from the Knoll trees

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 (8 March) above the granary! Starting to make a bit of sense, now. It seems like the 2♀ helpers, 675 + 676, are trying to chase out the breeding ♀, who is not related to the helpers. But what good will that do then? They shouldn't be able to breed here, given that ♂297, ♂622 Still here. Why? Could 1500 become another Finch, ♀ plenty of ♀ but no breeding ♀? 1205, ♂601 or ridge, Alar reports ♂675 lands near her, no chase, but ♂601 did fly off. 2 April ♂601 back at Gate today. See Gate notes. 8 April Counted stores, 1230: 2° granary 125 Main Tree 1260 TOTAL 1385 Lorn/Yellow 17 April Lots of action here 0910: ① ♂601 m/ is around, so she hasn't given up yet. However, she is still restricted to the peripheral trees above the granary, and even there she is being chased, apparently by ♂675 and perhaps another ♂ as well (♂676). ♂622, ♂297, ♂677 also see- well. Only ♂676 not so far confirmed. ② On 2 occasions I heard ♂297 give garricks, once from the 1°g + once from the 2°g. In the 2° granary I thought I saw the 2 older ♂♂ waking on a hole, near the top, facing the 1° granary. 19 May Well, things looking up here: ♂601, after being at Gate just a week or so ago, is now back + appears to have patched things up with ♂675, the lone

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 (19 May) remaining ♀ helper here (♀676 disappeared in early April) At least, the 2♂ sat side by side in the 130 flycatch tree without confrontation. Nonetheless, from 0850-1200 I have yet to see ♀601 in either of the storage trees. Primarily, she has been hanging out in the spindly V0 along the lane and down by big creeks. → The big news, however, is that she is being strongly guarded by ♂622 + ♂297, but not by ♂677! (See mate guarding data on reverse). This is very interesting for 3 reasons: ① ♂297 did not guard last year when he was the only ♂ in the group ② ♂622 is guarding a ♀ on his natal territory with his father ③ ♂677 may not regard ♀601 as mateable a nubile ♀, since she moved to 1500 little shortly after ♂677 thisap fledged! Very interesting. Alternatively, it could be because ♂677 is a subordinate 1 year old. He might guard ♀601 next year. Nonetheless (this ambiguity not withstanding) this is very interesting indeed. What's more, the breeding trio is very much interested in hole in a V0 on the W side of the dead lane directly across from the 1500 1º gravity. Unfortunately, it is one of those thin, dead stubs that could be a pain to open + then put back together. But the ♀ made several trips in and out, and I heard tapping. Birds were primarily eating catkins as they foraged in the Valley Oaks.

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 20 May Watching here again, 0700. Well, no interest in the Lane hole today, but the birds were hanging out a lot near the 1980 nest hole on the side of School Hill. Mate guarding data on reverse. (Complete census (excepting ♀676, who is certainly gone) 23 May Overdue mate guarding watch here, 0800-0930. On 21 May, ~1800 hrs, I was up on the side of Buckeye Hill, and saw 4 birds, 2 of which were ♂677 ad ♂622 What a shocker! It also looked like at least 3 birds were in a "pack" so it seems likely that the males "guarded" ♂601 all the way up there! The birds were on the N side of the chaparal patch, 100 m W of the Buckeye 1979 nest hole. Today, the birds were again hanging around the 1980 nest hole upon School Hill. I never saw the core 3 in the granary area at all, and I got precious little mate-guarding data. Also, the birds are no longer interested in the Log field-Cane hole. However, when Joane checks the Log field gophers by flashlight at night, the last 3 nights she has heard birds harrit from the tree. So they may still be roosting there, and the nighttime disturbance may be why they are not interested in that hole anymore. 27 May I finally make it out here again at 0830, and find ① Mate guarding has stopped, + ② The birds appear to be incubating a clutch in the 1979-1981

May 20 April 1982 1500 Pre nesting data 0700 ♀675 HT | others SHill both ♂297 + ♂622 0705 ♀675 HT | ♂677 10g | F 9601 ♀675 10 ? MAF ♀675 15 ♂677 HT | 20 ♂677 HT | 25 co-e 3 HT | 30 co-e 3 ♂677 HT | 35 ? 40 co-e 3 S Ridge ♂677 HT ♂622 MAF 9601 45 ♂677 HT | 50 ? 55 ? 0800 ♀675 10g | 23 May 1982 0805 ♀676 HT | 0810 ♀675 HT | 15 ♀675 HT | 20 ♂677 10g | 25 ♂677 HT | 30 ♀676 ♂677 10g | 35 ♀676 ♂677 10g | 40 ♀676 10g | 45 ? 50 ? 55 co-e 3 S HT | 0900 co-e 3 S HT | 05 ? 10 15 20 25 30

1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 Nest Record 27 May Opened 1979, 1981 nest hole, 1730: 3 eggs Very long + skinny. Marked (1)-(3). 2 June Checked hole, 0715 4 eggs (1) 27.1 x 17.6 (2) 27.3 x 18.6 hatched (3) 27.6 x 18.8 (4) 25.6 x 17.9 laid before or on 27 May laid 28 May (or after) 12 June 0945, 3 Nestlings no sign of 4th egg or nestling. Fragments of egg 3 present, so it hatched. (1) CBlue-Red (2) → J818 (3) NB 22.0g 20.5g 14.2g 30 June gone wt. 80.0g gone 1615 wing 78 1 Remaining nestling banded Jun. 8/18.

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 (27 May) hole! Sure enough, I come back at 1730, open the hole, + find 3 long + skinny eggs! I marked them ①-③. Good! Glad these guys are getting it together. I think I got just enough mate guarding data on which to get by. Anyway, this means that laying began probably on 25 May 2 June Checked the nest here, 0730. 4 eggs, all measured and the 4th egg marked (see nest record). This means I should expect hatching ~ 8 June, and banding ~ 30 June! 5 June Counted stores, 0800: 2° granary 10 1° granary 925 TOTAL 935 12 June Checked nest, 0945: 3 Nestlings ~5 days old, with no sign of the final egg/nestling. See nest record. 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ⑨676 disappeared 10 April 1982 ± 1 week Last seen intruding at Buckeye 2 April 1982. Missing from 1500 by 17 April ② ⑨601 returned to Gate 24 March ± 6 weeks Seen being chased at 1500 on 8 March + 19 March, declared gone by 27 March (see Alan's notes) and back at Gate on 2 April ③ ⑨601 moved back to 1500 8 May ± 1 week last seen at Gate 27 April. Certainly back at 1500 by 19 May

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1982 R.C. Mumme 6 Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 22 June Tried to watch roosting here, but nobody roosted in the nest, despite the young age of the nestlings. 30 June Here to bad the nestlings at 1615, I am surprised to find only one nestling! Two, including the heaviest, have disappeared without a trace. Very strange. Could be a case of partial predation, I suppose, but there's no way to tell. Anyway he was bated juv. 818 After thought: Could the other 2 nestlings fallen from the nest, to be carried off eaten by something? Not impossible at all, considering that this hole points downward, and considering what happened at Black Oak last year 7 Aug Watching here 0740. Wow, by 0800, 3 Juv (possibly just fledged) Coopers Hawks have flown from the N ridge above the granaries into the Big Creek area. There must have been a nest on School Hill, as I think these are not the same Coopers that have been around Plaque. 0900, ♂297, ♂622, ♀601, and ♀818 all seen well, but no sign of ♂677 or ♂675. 16 Aug Counted storks, [illegible] 0915: 2° granary 0 1° granary 115 115 TOTAL ♀601, ♂622, plus e Juv. Seen here in passing.

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 8 Jan 1320, Been sneaking looks the last few days, finally get in an OK census. 347, 476, 193, 561, 562, 695 all here. Missing is 696, who could be gone, 564 is presumably at the knoll, where he was 2 days ago 12 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** Chongo ① 565 moved (watched group) 20 Sept 1981 ± 2 weeks. Last seen at 1800 / Sept, present at [illegible] before 19620 Oct 1981 9 Feb Counted stores, 1500, Fallen Limbs 330 Odd spots 175 main granary 1220 1725 TOTAL A sample of ~40acres taken from the fallen limb, a. replaced with a roughly equivalent # of my own. 3 Feb 1500, Alan watches from the usual spot, while I share birds around over near 1500. Together, we get a complete census: I see 476, 347, 562; He sees 193, 695, 696, 561. See his notes for additional details. 27 March Lots of 1800 birds at the knoll again. See knoll set notes. → Dom → Also a dominance interaction 695 > 696. M / 3 April Watching with Molly, 1400. Highlight is 564 Red-BLK/BLK-Red is here. Infant, 193 gave 564 a gentle peck to the head, as the two were perched together. 193 eating an acorn. One of very few instances of ♀♀ dominating old male helpers! 561, 562, 695, 696 all see well. 347, 476 not seen. End 1520.

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 8 April Counted stores: 1330 Fallen limbs 100 Odd spots 175 Main granary 925 1200 TOTAL 30 April After Molly's report today of an apparent end to ♀ guarding, I stroll out here at 1445 and sure enough, find a ♀ (193 I'm quite sure) looking out of the stub hole (unopened) in the granary. I climb up & peep in to find 4 eggs. One more might come yet, I suppose. Hole seems very shallow, and not too hard to climb to: will have to open soon. 3 May Opened hole, 1630. Still 4 eggs (see nest record) this means that the clutch was certainly complete on 30 April, meaning 11-12 May would be good for hatching, and 1-2 June for banding. 16 May Checked the hole, 3 healthy nestlings, 1 unhatched egg See nest record. 1 June Roosting: Though it was quite dark, I was certain that the rooster had 2 color bands on the left leg, meaning 8476 was the likely bird that roosted, 5 June Counted Stores, 0830: Fallen Limbs 0 Odd spots 25 Main granary 550 575 TOTAL

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 Nest Record Mid April See Molly's notes for mate guarding details: 30 April ♀193 looking out of unopened hole in granary: Peeped in 1500 4 eggs 3 May Opened hole, 1600 4 eggs (1) 23.8 × 18.7 (hatched) (2) [illegible] 24.3 × 19.8 (hatched) (3) 23.2 × 19.0 (did not hatch) (4) 24.4 × 19.5 hatched 16 May Checked hole, 1030 3 nestlings, 1 unhatched egg (3) (→ J785) (→ 786) (→ 787) ① DBlue-whr (N) ② Red-orange ③ NB 23.5 g 21.5 g 15.5 g June at 82.0g 78.0 76.5 1130 wing 75 73 62 crown 1 2 3 Banded 3 nestlings, J785-J787

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1982 R.C. Mumme 3 Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ①♂564 returned to 1800 3 April 1982 [illegible] Last seen at Knoll 1 April. Back at 1800 4 April ②♂564 disappeared 15 May 1982. Last seen- at 1800 11 May. Missing by 19 May ③♀695 + ♀696 moved to Dark Hollow 12 May 1982 Last seen at 1800 11 May. Missing here 19 May. First seen at Dark Hollow 13+14 May ④♂561 + ♂562 moved to Hay Blom ~7 June 1982 Molly last saw these ♂ at 1800 22 May, and they were missing on 30 May. However, the ♂173 at ItB probably didn't die until 4 or 5 June. Also Leslie saw ♂562 look into the Hay Blom nest on 30 May after the nest had apparently failed, but before ♂173's death (See Leslie's 30 May nest watch) 15 July Walking up Haystack Obs I find several birds flycatching from the Utility poles near the 2 VO's along the fence approaching the top of the hill. They are all 1800 birds and I even find all 3 Juveniles! J785 m / DBLue-Yellow J786 6cm / DGrn-8Pkt(m) and J787 yellow-wnt/Red-white. What's more, I ever saw J785 peck hard at J786 twice while the two were perched on a utility pole. 0645, another J785 pecks J786 + plus a good hit that 786 is dominant over 787. On the utility pole, 786 lunged at 787, and 787 turned away + chattered. No contact though. ♂347 + ♂476 also seen

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1982 R.C. Mumme 4 Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 16Aug Counted stores, O84S: Fallen limbs 5 Odd limbs 0 1° granary 105 Getting low! 110 Total 21Aug 0800 Juv. 785 M/DBlue-Yellow intruding at Hay Blom and getting chased around by his older brother, J7862. A quick look at 1800 proper, 0900. ♀193, ♂476, J785 J786 J787 all here. Only J347 missing. Also juv. dom! Surprisingly, I saw J787 Red-Yellow/M take a short but sharp peck to J785, M/DBlue-Yellow. That means I now know that J787 > 785 > 786 (see 15July notes). Good. See Molly's notes for Juv dom, too. 6Oct Very good watch here, 1545-1700. Didn't watch from the usual spot, but cruised around the mistletoe tree area, because that's where the birds were hanging out. Anyway, ♂476, ♂347, ♀193, J785, J786, J787 all seen repeatedly and well. What's more, all three juvies are in ♀ plumage! We seem to have a real glut of 78 this year. 20Oct Good granary census from blind. All but ♀787 seen. 22Oct Another very good granary census. This time, everybody but Q785 seen. Also a superb little storing frenzy, and 21 acorns stored in the two hours Not bad.

787 > 785 20 oct 1982 1800 granary census 1050-1250 Storage 1050 nobody 55 " 1100 11 05 β347 SA 10 nobody 15 δ476 |♀193 ea 20 δ476 ♀193 ws |δ347| ♀785 25 δ476 ♀193 ws |δ347| ♀785 30 ♀193 WH | one other 35 ♀193 δ476 WH 40 ♀193 δ476 |♀786 SA 45 nobody 50 " 55 δ476 1200 β347 EA ♀193 δ476 05 ♀193 | δ476 ws 1210 ♀193 15 ♀193 20 ♀193 25 ♀193 WH | δ476 30 ♀193 ws |δ476 35 ♀193 δ476 40 ♀193 ws |δ347 45 ♀193 50 δ476 1120 δ476 nuthatch 2 1230 ♀193 passee-ive 1 defense 22 oct 1982 1800 granary census 0830 ♀193 δ476 EA 35 ♀193 δ476 40 ♀193 MA |δ347 ♀786 SA 45 ♀193 δ476 50 nobody 55 " 0900 δ476 05 δ476 10 nobody 15 δ476 δ347 ♀193 |♀786 ws 20 ♀193 ws |♀786 25 δ476 WH |♀193 30 δ476 ws| ♀193 EA |δ347 SA 35 δ476 δ347 ws |♀193 0940 δ347 δ476 ♀193 SA 45 allb ws 50 ♀193 δ476 ws |δ347 ♀786 55 nobody 1000 ♀193 SA |δ476 05 ♀193 δ476 10 ♀193 15 ♀193 δ476 |♀787 EA 20 nobody 25 δ476 MA 30 ♀193 δ476|δ347 SA ⑦ β347 ② ♀786 ⑤ δ476 ③ ♀193 ① ♀787 2L defense 0900 δ476 Nuthatch 0916 ♀193 Tit

1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 23Oct Slow, routine gra-ary census. All 6 birds seen well.

23 oct 1982 1800 granary census 1415 - 1615 1415 ♀193 ♀787 ♂347 20 ♀193 ♂347 ♂476 25 ♀193 ♂347 ♂476 30 ♀193 35 nobody 40 " 45 " 50 " 55 " 1500 ♀193 ♂786 05 ♂476 ♂347 ♂786 ♂787 10 ♂476 ♂347 ♂787 ♂785 ♀193 15 all 6 (♂347 EA) 1520 ♂476 EA 25 ♂476 30 nobody 35 " 40 " 45 " 50 " 55 " 1600 " 05 " 10 " 15 " no storing nodeft-se

1982 R.C. Muhme Melanerpes formicivorus Haystack Blomquist 10 Feb Counted stores, 1330. 2185 TOTAL Also took a sample of ~35 across from the granary and replaced them with a roughly equivalent number 27 March Counted stores again: 1550 TOTAL 29 April Opened the high hole in the Poison Oak Tree, where Leslie has reported a steady stream of birds. A real bitch, but I find no eggs yet, 1200. May 7 Afternoon Leslie reports incubation behavior here today (though none on 5 May). Sure enough, I climb up to the high PO hole at 1615 and find 4 fresh eggs. I would certainly think 4 showed up today, but I will check again on 10 May or so to make sure clutch is complete, and to mark & measure the eggs. This would mean 18 May would be a good day to expect hatching and 9 June for banding. 11 May Climbed up to check the nest, 0845, and got a mild surprise 3 eggs! So one egg has mysteriously disappeared, early in incubation. I don't know what to make of that. Anyway, the 3 remainders marked & measured. Seenest record. 1 in the hole incubating when I got there 23 May Nest check, 1800: A disappointment! Only 1 nestling, eggs 2 + 3 did not hatch. Both unhatched eggs were counted and undeveloped, so perhaps infertile. 5 June Counted stores, 1700: TOTAL 420 8 June A very nasty surprise here when I climb up here with the intention of banding the nestling, at 1300: After opening up the hole, I reach

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Haystack Blomquist (8 June) in and find the dead remains of ♂173 Orange 71/Black Orange /'812-35722, about 2 days past death (nearing he died ~ 6 June). He was blocking the hole ~ 3/4 of the way to the bottom, facing the entrance. There was no trace whatsoever of the nestling! Very strange indeed. I was afraid at first ♂173 got his foot jammed in the cut of the hole (like what happened to one of the 1980 School still nestlings) but that would did not seem to be the case. Nor would it explain the missing nestling. ♂173 Seemed fine, as far as could be told at this stage. His carcass weighed 87.0g (quite fat), and the only external problem I could see was that the right leg color bands seemed to be jammed up and weren't rotating freely, apparently because the foot scales had built up underneath them. But that seemed minor, and also wouldn't explain the missing nestling. ♂173 Showed no sign of wing or tail molt My only good guess is that some nocturnal predator killed ♂173 (who would have been roosting in the nest) and ate the nestling but left ♂173. But what? A snake? Nights have been quite cold of late for snakes. Also, the whole would have been very difficult for any snake or mammal to get into, Or possibly the nest failed first, young disappeared, and ♂173's death came later, unrelated to the nest failure. Another 'case' when it is impossible

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1982 R.C. Marnne Melanerpes formicivorus Hay Blom (8 June) to say what happened. But ♂173 is dead, and the nest has failed. Walking out, I saw two birds perched in the trees below the granary, presumably the 2♀♀, ♀604 + ♀711. No evidence of a power struggle yet. We will have to watch carefully here. Cutting ♂173 open at 1400, I find the stomach pretty much empty (except for grit r tiny insect exoskeleton fragments), but the liver was a bright orange-red color, which seemed unusual but of unknown significance 9 June Leslie reports the 1800 ♂♂ 561+562 up here looking very comfortable with the ♀♀. See her notes. Also, Molly has reported All 3 1800 ♂helpers (♂♂561, 562, 564) have been missing the last few weeks. See her notes + nest watches. 14 June Watching here 0850: Very interesting! Both ♂561 + ♂562 are here, and a really guarding ♀604! Very close guarding! See a bit of data on the reverse. Also, they are ignoring ♀711. Leslie reported no guarding on 12 June, but birds prospecting the same nest hole in which ♂173 died: Today they are also doing that. It seems egg-laying (by at least ♀604) is imminent here, all right. End 0950. 15 June Interesting day here: Leslie watched the nest tree starting at 0530. First of all, she learned the the birds here are interested in the lower

14 June 1982 Hay Blom Pre nesting ("core 3" = 8561, 562, 9604) 09 000 core 3 g | 05 core 3 g | 10 9711 g | core 3 NT | 15 9711 g | core 3 NT | 20 all 4 g | 25 9711 g | core 3 NT | 30 9711 g | 35 9711 g | both 88 follow 9604 MAE 9711 [illegible] HTT 4H 8561 MAP 9604 I [illegible]

1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Hay Blom (15 June) (1981 1st nest) of the two holes in the tree, not in this years failed nesthole. That certainly makes a lot more sense. Also she saw ♀604 make two long visits to the hole (see Leslie's notes) At 0720, I climb up to the hole, re-open it, then have to make one more cut as the hole is now extremely deep. Anyway, After all that I find one egg, certainly laid today by ♀604. I measured the egg (24.6 x 20.4) but I didn't mark it as I failed to carry a rapidograph up with me. I relieve Leslie for hole watching (after climbing down from the nest) at 0840. ♀604 made a couple of 4 min visits (one at 0917 and again at 0932) and both ♂561 + ♂562 looked in and went in for brief moments while she was in. The ♂s were guarding her closely! Unfortunately, no sign of ♂711 even in the nest tree. ** → ** The nearest thing that happened is that at 0920, ♀604 left the nest hole and flew to a nearby branch where a ♂ was present. The other. ♂ had made the critical error of flying to the granary while the ♀ was in the hole. Anyway, ♀604 landed on the branch with this ♂, gave a brief tail-up precop display, and the ♂ immediately the ♀. he gave a good tail twist, cloacal

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1982 R.L. Mumme 5 Melanerpes formicivorus Hay Blom (15 June) contact copulation! The made good full contact for ~ 3 sec, at which time the other ♂ came burrelling in at full speed from the granary. He charged into the two birds with a full head of steam, knocking everybody over, and at least two of the birds tumbled halfwiry to the ground. There followed a lot of chattering, mild chasing, and then all 3 birds charged off together in a very tight pack of 3. It looked like a "rape flight" of mallards, as the birds whirled a twisted around the territory before returning to the granary. Unfortunately, I couldn't see which ♂ was which in this spectacle. My original thought was that ♂561 was the one that flew to the granary, as he seems to have been moving away from the ♀ granary with some regularity. Also, I think my last fix on ♂562 put him on the branch where the copulation occurred. I would be positive about this, but it means that ♂561 knocked ♂562 off the ♀, and ♂562 is dominant! Leslie Earlier saw a good dominance interaction yesterday, and I saw one today as well. ♂562 gave a few sharp pecks to ♂561 around the nest hole, and ♂561 chattered.. 16 June Looking bad for ♀711. Although she went in the hole today at 0500, only one egg was laid, probably 23.9

Hay Blom Egg laying 16 June 1982 0430 Start 0503 9711 enters 05 9711 lo + leaves 06 9711 enters 11 1.0. 12 b.d. 15 9711 1.0 + L.d., leaves 18 9711 enters 20 9711 1.0. 23 9711 leaves 30 9711 enters 37 leaves 0621 9604 enters ♂561+526 100% int + enter regularly} ♀604 lays? 0632 9604 leave> 34 9604 enters 37 1.0. 38 b.d. 45 9604 leaves 58 9604 enters 0705 9604 leaves Checked nest, 2 new egg (2 total) Hay Blom MCB 16 June 1340 core 3 NT | 9711 q 45 ♂561 9711 q| ♂562 9604 NT 50 core 3 NT | 9711 q 55 all 4 NT | 1400 05 10 core 3 NT | 9711 po-d 15 core 3 NT | 9711 elsewhere 20 25 core 3 NT | 30 core 3 NT | ♂561 often MAF 9604 when she's a hole + flies to 9711

1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Hay Blom (16 June) by 9604 at around 0620. See back of page 5 for details. It is possible that 9711 laid the one egg + 9604 abstained. The egg laid today was enormous: 28.8 x 23.9, marked ① by mistake (yesterday's egg marked ②). However, we watched the hole until 1445, and 9711 had not re-entered the hole since her visit at 0500 + 0530. No eggs have been thrown out. We watched the hole continuously, yesterday, and even though 9711 entered the hole twice during Walters' watch, she did not throw out yesterday's egg. It's starting to look that 9711 may not lay, even though the 2 ♂ here are new immigrants. Part of the problem may be the speed with which all this has happened. Little more than a week ago 9711's father (♂173) was here. Now he is gone, new ♂ are here, and the older ♀ in the group is laying eggs already. That might be asking too much of a first-year ♀. We'll see what happens tomorrow. The ♂ 561 + 562 are still following 9604 very strongly. However, when 9604 is in the nest, the two ♂ (especially ♂561) often fly back to the granary for very brief (<30 sec) visits, during which time they don't appear to eat any acorns. 9711 is often in the granary during these visits, but sometimes she is not. Very strange

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1982 R.L. Mumme 7 Melanerpes formicivorus Hay Blom 18 June Walter reports legg yesterday by ♀604, and no eggs today. See his notes for details. → **Also, further insights into the death of ♂173 and failure of the first nest, Leslie's nest watch of 30 May would suggest that the nest had failed by that time already. Only a few visits to the nest by ♀604 + ♂173, without ever going in, excepting 1 visit by ♂173, However, ♂S62 also visited the nest once and peeped in, but did not enter, and ♂173 was very much alive at this date! Very interesting. All kinds of possibilities. Infanticide, murder, etc. impossible to tell, but at least we can eliminate all the scenarios of ♂173 dying as the nest failing all at the same time. Also, we must now consider scenarios of ♂S61 + ♂S62 actively contributing to the demise of both. Very interesting. ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂173 found dead, died ~ 5 June ② ♂S61 + ♂S62 moved here ~ 7 June (± 1 week, but not plus. These 2 ♂♂ were here for sure on 9 June (See Leslie's notes). See above discussion for further info. 28 June Leslie reported weirdness here yesterday: No incubation during a nest watch, but lots of flying around by the four residents, wasas, & intruders. I walk up here at 0930 and find things relatively calm. And it looks like incubation is still in progress. I do a 2 hour nest watch

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Hay Blom (28 June) during which time only ♂562 + ♀604 incubated. ♀711 seen near the nest, but I never saw ♂561. 12/15, I check the nest and find all 4 eggs still present. Eggs ②, ③ + ④ all appear to be developing, and probably have a good chance of hatching. Egg ① (which was actually the second egg laid), the monster, doesn't look like it will hatch. I also measured egg ④, which Walter neglected to measure (see his notes): 25.7 x 19.9. 16 July Leslie watched here yesterday and saw no feedings, so at 0950 I struggle up to check the nest. Indeed, it has FAILED; What The nest is totally empty, except for a suspicious looking pellet about 3/4 inch moist, white both on one side. Feather shafts inside longitudinal + parallel. 1/2 inch wide long, dark gray. A Gopher snake, perhaps? I'll have to ask Alan. Doesn't look like an owl pellet. Young were being fed fairly vigorously on 11 July (side Leslie), and since acorns are still present here, predation certainly is the likely cause of nest failure. Young were ~ 14-16 days old at the time of failure. I saw ♀604 intruding today at Cow Bay, so she is still with us. 22 July I described the pellet to Harry Green at Brinkley, and he seemed to think that a snake was quite likely. 24 July 0700-0830, interesting watch up here. ♂562, ♀604, ♀711 all here + obvious, but ♂561 is decidedly missing. Lots of intruders in the periphery + occasional chasing. One intruder was J787 from 1800, but another was either a ♂ or M/Red M/Dpi-It (or raw? Dp-i), who I have no good idea.

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1982 R.C. Mumne Melanerpes formicivorus Hay - Blom Nest Record 29 April Opened high hole in PO tree, 1200 No eggs 7 May Checked hole, 1615 (4th egg probably laid today) 4 eggs fresh. 11 May Checked hole, 0850 3 eggs (!?) marked & measured ① 25.8 × 19.5 hatched ② 26.2 × 20.1 failed to hatch ③ 26.8 × 20.0 failed to hatch 23 May Checked hole, 1800 1 nestling (~6days) two un-hatched, apparently infertile eggs ② + ③. 8 June Checked hole, 1230: No sign of the nestling, ♂173 dead in the nest (See notes). SECOND NEST

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Hay Blom (24 July) (checking the old list, the bird I saw was quite probably 638 M / B Pink, ne' of SOBO! What's more, I thought he had left SOBO. Very interesting. 16 Aug A quick peeks, 0650-0730. 561 must surely be gone, and since Molly has not reported him at 1800, he's probably dead. I will have to check Leslie's notes here, but I don't think 561 has been seen since the prenesting period. He never came to the nest at all during feeding, and perhaps not during incubation, too. 562, 604, 711 all seen well here, but that was it. Counted stores 65 Near the end 23 Aug ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 561 disappeared 20 June ± 2 days, 1982 Last seen for sure on 17 June Gone for sure by 24 June, even though it was missing even on 18 June 23 Sept Watching here 0820. 0850, 562, 604, 711 all here seen well. No sign of a fall nest.

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack 8 Jan Watching here, 1010. 3 birds stripping moss of the old Blue Oak nest tree. 1035, 9614 " from Finch (!) intruding here chased mildly by 9587 untt BIK/BPak ♂461 DBlue-wnt/CBlue-wnt also seen, and I'm fairly certain M / Red-DBlue that I saw 9523 DBlue/wht-DBlue, but not absolutely positive. DBan-BPak (N)/White 1200. Finally, I caution 9523, 9524 M/Don-BPak (N) Complete census. Saw 9523 & 9587 doing a bit of Live Oak acorn storing toward the end of the watch. The acorns were coming from below the granary, in the live oaks bordering the field (I think). End 1200. 12 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ① 9587 returns to Low Hay 28 sept 1981 ± 1 week Probably seen back on 5 Oct 1981, certainly on 1 Nov. Still absent on 20 Sept 30 Jan Granary census, 0830-1030. Lots of action, granary defense wise 2 ♀ intruders, 1 NB, and one ♂ read or-wht/or as Metal/, which could really only be ♀696 of 1800, who I hadn't seen since November. No storing, but I did see birds hassling a ♂ kestrel inspecting that hole in the 2° granary, plus a few scrub jay chases Actually, 9587 did store 1acorn late in the watch. She brought it in from the 2° area. Complete census, ♂461, 9523 9524, ♀587 all seen well. 10 Feb 1530 Counted stores: 2° granary 255 1° granary 3345 3600 TOTAL Also took a sample of ~40 acorns, replaced with my own.

30 Jan 1982 Low Hay granary Census. 0830-1030 storage 0830 nobody 35 " 40 " 45 " 50 8461 10 9587 20 55 9587 ws 9524, lother 10 0900 nobody 05 9523 9524 10 9587 9524 9523 8461 15 9587 9523 8461 20 nobody 25 " 30 9587 9524 ws 35 9587 ws, 9524 40 nobody 45 9524 8461, others 50 9587 ws 55 9524 8461 ws| 9523 9587 1000 9587 05 9524 ws, 8461 9523 9587 10 9587 15 9524 8461 20 nobody 25 " 30 " defense 0849 9587 Kestrel 1 0950 8461 " 1 0853 9587 Kestrel 2 0935 9524 Jay 1 0936 9524 8N8 2 9587 " 3 0940 9524 Jay 2 0945 ? 8 691(100) 2 1605 9587 Jay 1

1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay 11 Feb Granary census 1125-1325. As I walk up I find ♂669 of Y [illegible] Or-Dblue/white Metal/, intruding briefly. ♂461 near, but no obvious response. ♂669 may "know" ♀523, since she helped raise him at S Hill last year. After that, sheer dullsville. I going to move the blind here above the granary. My presence may be disturbing these birds, so I'll try next time in the blind. Only ♀524 and ♂461 seen. 18 Feb Again, granary census 1435-1635. A little better today. Perhaps the blind does help. Anyway, a complete census (♂461, ♀9523, 524, 587 all here) and a few granary defees as well). 21 Feb Another granary census, 0830-1030. This one was pretty hot defense-wise. Lots of intruders about, including ♀664 from Buckeye and ♂695 from 1800. Complete census, all 4 birds see well. A very springlike day. The "core 3" were doing a lot of friendly greeting to each other, and the ♀s were looking very "precopulatory", if that's a word. Tail raising, opening walking, flying to ♂461, etc. The granary here is beginning to let out, adding to the general spring atmosphere. Also saw ♂587 give some chatters in the presence of the breeders, but it was difficult to tell whether they were directed toward the ♂ or the ♀. 22 Feb Another granary census, 1420-1620. Pretty slow, cool cloudy, windy day. Only real high point was a flock of 8+ pigeons in the granary rutting oak buds, being vigorously chased by ♂524 (and mildly by ♂587).

11 Feb 1982 Low Hay 1125-1325 1125 nobody 30 35 40 45 50 ↓ 55 £524 1200 nobody 05 " 10 " 15 £461 20 nobody 25 " BORING! 18 Feb 1982 1435-1635 1435 nobody 40 45 50 55 ↓ 1500 £587 EA 05 £587 10 £587 15 " 20 25 £523 2°g | £587 1° WS 30 " | £587 1° 35 £524 EA £587 1° | £461 2° 21 Feb 1982 0830-1030 0825 £587 EA 30 £587 35 £587 MA £523 EA 40 all 4 45 all 4 50 £587 55 nobody 0900 " 05 all 4 10 £524 £587 £461 15 all 4 20 all 4 25 £461 0930 £461 £523 35 £461 EA £523 £524 40 " 45 nobody 50 nobody 55 ↓ 1000 " 05 ↓ 0835 £587 Titmouse 2 0845 £523 Scrub Day 1 0846 £587 0848 £587 Titmouse 1 0910 ? £664 (Built) 2 £ Multi-split 2 0915 £523 0920 £523 £695 (1800) 1 £524 22 Feb 1982 1420-1620 defense 1420 nobody 25 " 30 " 35 " 40 £523 ws, £587 EA 45 nobody 50 " 55 £524 1500 £524 05 £524 10 £524 15 nobody 20 £461 £524 EA £523 1525 £524 ws, £587 £461 30 £461 ws, £524, £587 35 nobody 40 " 45 " 50 " 55 " 1600 05 £524 EA 10 £524 ws £461 15 nobody 20 " 1520 £524 Band tails 3 (Pigeons were eating buds of gra-uy, just leating out) £587

1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack 25 Feb Last of the granary censuses here, 1100-1300. Again I heard ♀587 do some chatter to the adults. Also, the residents here were hassling a ♂ Kestrel that every so often flew into the granary. Complete census (♂461, ♀♀523, 524, 587) Once again, and this should be last watch here for awhile. 27 March Counted stores, 1500: 2° granary 105 1° granary 3870 2975 TOTAL 13 April Alan + Molly have reported activity here in the 1979 nest hole in the granary. I reopen it at 1100, but find that the hole has been substantially deepened, requiring a large new cut (that just barely allows me to reach the bottom). No eggs. 15 April Molly has reported little or no action in the 79 hole, so I watch briefly up here, 1400-1530: I see almost nothing: However, the birds were hanging around the Poison Oak - Blue Oak Nest Tree, and at one point I saw ♂461 look into that hole, and a ♀ enter for about 10 sec. I check the hole, + like last year, it is totally devoid of any wood chips. Hopefully, these birds aren't serious about nesting yet. 19 April A quick watch here, 1010-1110: Nothing much. Birds flycatcher like mad, primarily from the Blue Oak nest tree area, and from ♂461 FTF all the granary. No action in any holes, although ♀587 perched the ♂ at least in the 79 hole after Swallows were in the vicinity. As Molly had mentioned, a ♂NB seemed to be around the 2° area abit

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1982 R.C. Munne 4 Melantrypes formicivorus Low Hay 21 April Watching here 0610: Well well, at 0615 hanging out in the starling nest tree in the 2° area are both a ♀N13 (certain) and a ♂N13 (pretty sure). Perched only 30 meters away near the Blue Oak nest tree are 3 Low Hay residents. Ever heard the two newcomers wake to each other! 0645, Un-oh, ♂523 is looking out of the 79 hole! Probably entered about 0630, when she flew to the quarry from the 2° area, not followed by ♂461. I bet she has laid! Timing seemed right, etc. ♂523 leaves 0655. Whoa, 0707 ♂524 enters nest, leaves <10sec later carrying egg! Almost certainly just laid by ♂523. The egg was carried by ♂524 to a high, uphill branch of the tree, and she pecked at it a few times before ticking up higher. The egg looked pretty small. Could have been a runt! I might be able to get to it to measure it before its destroyed, but I better give ♂524 a chance to lay, first. 0715 ♂524 enters, 1.0. 30sec later, leaves 0716: 0727, (checking nest. Empty (thank god!) Plus, I was able to get to the egg placed in the tree, NOT A RUNT! 25.5 x 20.3, with (as is the norm for ♂523) an asymmetrical air cell. We're in good shape! The egg had a very small pustule near the middle of the egg. 0755, En blind, watching hole egg. I don't believe ♂524 was going to lay today, as she made two short trips to the hole Notes on egg eating on back End 0845.

21 April 1982 ♂461 FTF ♀523 / Notes on eggs-eating at Low Hay, 21 April 1982 start 0755 ♀524 0815 4 min 0 sec liquid ♀523 within 6 inches for last two m. No aggression between ♀♀ ♀523 0819 4 min 30 sec liquid, though she did hold up the egg (using the puncture hole as a grip. 0845 leave, Leslie takes over

1982 R.L. Mumme 5a Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack Nest Record 21 April 9523 lays 1 egg, 25.3 x 20.3 9523 thrown out by 9524 (see notes) asymmetrical air cell 22 April Opened hole, 0815; hatched ① 26.4 x 20.6 (9523? ) 2 eggs asymetrical air cell, calcium chips on shell disappeared ② 19.7 x 16.1 (9524? ) runt, yolk present. 23 April Checked hole, 0815 hatched ③ 26.1 x 21.0 (9524? ) 2 eggs fresh, plus calcium chips, air cell way off center hatched ④ 26.4 x 20.4 (9523? ) calcium chips, air cell slightly off center) 24 April Checked hole, 0615, 1 new egg hatched ⑤ 26.6 x 21.3 9524 (9524 in hole 0540-0605) air cell slightly off center Checked hole 0730 1 new egg hatched 7 May ⑥ 25.9 x 20.2 9523 (9523 in hole 0710-0715) air cell slightly off center 25 April Checked hole, 1700 hatched 7 May ⑦ 26.6 x 22.0 (9524) legg new air cell way off center, calcium chips 26 April Checked hole, 1300 hatched 8 May ⑧ 27.1 x 21.5 (9524? ) 1 new egg air cell slightly off, calcium chips 26 April 29 April Checked hole, 1245 8 eggs clutch complete 6 May 1715, Checked hole 4 babies (from eggs ①, ③ ④ +⑤) 5 had just hatched... Young still attached to membranes runt egg gone ②. Eggs ⑥, ⑦ +⑧ all have a chance 7 May 1345, Checked hole 6 babies. 2 new from ⑥+⑦ from egg 5 Egg ⑧ present, not yet hatched. 11 May ① BIK ② DBlue-yl ③ P ④ WHT ⑤ Bluing NB ⑥ Nest check 19.5 19.2 19.5 19.5 12.0g 6.0g O800 BlueLL Blue RL Blue RL Blue RL Blue Rwing no mark

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1992 R.L. Mumme 56 Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay Nest Record (continued) all 7 normal eggs hatched. One (from 6 or 7) nestling present 7 May, gone 11 May from egg 5 from eggs 1,3 +4 from egg 6 or 7 from egg 8 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ BLK DBlue-Yellow DBlue-Wht White NB NB →773 →J771 →772 →J770 →J774 11 May 19.5 g 19.2 g 19.5 g 19.5 g 12.0 g 6.0 g 0800 17 May 53.0g 54.0g 51.5g 54.0g 40.0g gone 1440 feathers just barely starting to emerge 1630 30 may 91.0 94.0g 94.0g 91.0g 83.0g wing 82 93. 94 87 74 Crown 2-4 2-4 1 2-4 5 Banded 5 nestlings, all doing quite well

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1982 R.C. Munne 5 Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack 22 April 0605, watching from blind. Details of watch on back When I arrived at 0605, I said hello and a non-♀523 ♀ (no chipped bill) looked out. That was the likely time ♀524 laid, as she was never in the hole again at a really suitable time. ♀523 laid at about 0650. Anyway, I saw both ♀♀ in rout of the hole at least twice before I check the nest 0815 and find 2 eggs, one rutt + one normal (see next record for details) Janet watched some time after I did, and saw both ♀♀ in the hole several times each, and nobody threw 0 eggs out. What I presume happened is that ♀524 (her first egg) laid the rutt early, and ♀523 the normal egg later, and that egg-removal is now over here. Lots of chasing + intruders while I was up here, perhaps involving ♀587. See Molly's notes, as she watched up here in the afternoon 23 April Two more eggs laid today, and things are definitely over here. I watched from above the granary and got ♀-guarding data, or the backs. Here at 0555, once again ♀524 is in the hole looking out as I arrive. She leaves 0607. Egg presumably laid prior to this time 0641 ♀523 enters nest, immediately looks out ♀523 Goes down 0653: She leaves 0703 lays 0840 No other birds had entered hole: I checked the nest and found two more fresh

22 April 1982 Low Hay egg-laying 0605 Q (524?) looks out, flies off 15sec later 0642 9523 at hole 0648 9523 enters, 8461, 9524 come to hole, then fly off 0653 9523 leaves Both 99 in briefly at other times, but unlikely that eggs were laid then 23 April 1982 Pre nesting data 0555 9524 in hole 0600 9524 g | 9523 8461 Ravine | 05 " | " | " | 10 core 3g | 15 9524g | 8461 9523 FT 20 9523 9524 g | 8461 g | 25 9523 9524 8461 g | 30 4 core 3 watch tree | 35 9524 8461 FT | 9523 g | 40 core 3 g | 45 two core 3g (9523 in hole) | 50 " " | 55 8461 WT | 9523 in hole 9524g | 0700 core 3 g (9523 in hole) | 05 core 3 g | 10 core 3 g | 15 " " | 20 " " | 25 " " | 30 9523 g | 8461 9524 WT | 35 " | " | " | 40 core 3 g | 45 core 3 g | 50 core 3 WT | 55 core 3 g | 0800 9524 8461 WT | 9523g | 05 8461 WT | 9523g | 9524 off toward Hay Blom End watch. 8461 F 11 1 FTF 11 1 M4F HHT 1 1 9524 = 8461 11 FTF 9523 = 8461 FTF 1

1982 R.C. Mumme 6 Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay (23 April) eggs: See the Low Hay nest records for more details. Once again, 9524 laid before I got up here (before 0655) and 9523 laid about an hour later. Today, there were numerous intruders, but I saw no trace of 9587. Also, during part of the time there was nearly constant harrying in the 2° area, and also across the ravine or Warners property. It seems that a male is being rather persistent over there, and they may yet try to branch off a new group. So, 4 eggs here, 1 runt, 3 normal in the nest. Also, it appears from the guarding data that 8461 is fairly well following 9524 (see back of page 5), but he certainly isn't being fanatical about it. Molly had the same impression in her watch yesterday, I should be able to get one more morning's worth of data. 24 April 2 more eggs today (see nest record), Watching 0540. At 0546, a non-chipped-billed ♀ looks out. Boy, (assuming this is 9524) she is certainly laying early 0600 9523 enters briefly, leaves immediately, 9524 goes down. 0607 9524 looks out, then leaves. Check nest 0615, one more egg. See nest record, #5 9523 0710, both 9524 + 9523 enter, 9524 looks out, leaves, Days 2 0715 9523 leaves 0720 Check nest, one more egg. See nest record. 25 April One egg today, probably the work of 9524 Nest Record

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes Fornicivorus Low Hay 26 April One more egg laid today, probably the work of 9524, making 8 eggs and a probable skew of 5-3 (4-3 if normal eggs are counted). I suspect that the clutch is now complete, meaning May 6 would be a good day to look for hatching. May 28 for banding 29 April Checked nest, still 8 eggs, 1245. So clutch was complete 26 April. 6 May Nest check 1715. Hatching! 4 eggs have hatched: 3 young from eggs ① ③ r④ all marked with blue sharpie on the right leg. Egg ⑤ had just hatched... one hatchling was still attached to the eggshell by the egg membranes. I took this as compelling evidence that that nestling was from egg ⑤, and I marked him with blue sharpie on left leg (and back + tail, too). The runt ② has disappeared already. too bad. 7 May Nest check, 1530: 6 young! Eggs ⑥+⑦ hatched today, and those young marked with blue sharpie on the right wing! Egg ⑧ not yet hatched. Young from yesterday remarked. 11 May Nest check, 0800 Still six young, but certainly one and maybe two are on the way out (see nest record for details) All the marks of 7 May still visible. No sign of egg⑧, but the absolute runt (6 grams) was not marked, while the others (eve ⑥ or ⑦, one on right wing, were visible. So I suspect that either one of ⑥ or ⑦ has already been carried out of the nest, and the super runt came from ⑧. This → means all 7 normal eggs hatched.

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay 17 May Checked the nest, 1445: Down to 5 young here, as expected, but all 5 seem to be doing quite well indeed. See nest record for details. 30 May Banded 5 feisty nestlings, now Juvs. 770-774. See Nest record & Capture records 5 June Counted stores 1730: 2° grana-- 100 1° grana-- 1600 TOTAL 1700 Also, a nice looking juvenile was looking out of the nest hole when I arrived. 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9523 disappeared ~ 2 June 1982 Last seen at nest by Leslie 30 May. Gone by 4 June 19 June Up here watching for juveniles, am to be certain that 9523 is gone, 0900-1020: Not a great watch. 9524 the only adult seen for certain, but 3 juvs seen, J770 LBlue/M, J773 Red/Pbom, and a 3rd that I couldn't get the bands of. 3 July 0900-1000, watching her for juvenile dominance. Some success. On two occasions I saw J772 Or/M yellow peck hard at J774 Blk-Blue/M, while 9524 was nearby. J770 also seen. No evidence of a second nest 15 July Poor watch here, 0715-0845, trying for juvenile dominance. No real success other than a possible 772 chasing 771 around the 2° area a bit. That was quite iffy though, and didn't see it well at all. Complete, Census 8461, 9523, 9587, J770, J771, J772, J774 all there: possibly gone

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1982 R.L. Munne Mela-erpes formicivorus Low Hay 16 July Good watch here, 0730 - 0930: 7 dominance interactions! Basically, I saw J772 peck everybody (770 3 times, 771 once, 774 once), and so he is definitely the dominant juvenile. I also saw J770 peck at 774 twice, so J774 is probably the subordinate juvenile. I still lacks J771-774 and J770-771 interactions, before I get a full table. J773 is certainly gone 19 July 0720 - 0920, OK dominance watch. Didn't see either of the two interactions indeed, but I saw J772 peck J771 3 times, and 772 pecks both 770 & 774 once each. 8461 + 9524 seen, but not 9587. 28 July 0550, watching for juv dom. 0750, not very successful. All 4 surviving juveniles (770, 771, 772, 774) plus 8461 + 9524. 9587, however, is missing once again. A ♂ + ♀ NB intruder were here early, but closed out. 16 Aug Counted stores, 0800: 2°g 2 1°g 800 800 TOTAL Doing pretty well, considering the late date. 21 Aug OK watch here, 0720 - 0930: 8461, 9524, J770, 771, 774 all here, but 9587 is now conspicuously absent, as is, surprisingly, the dom. J772. Both may well be gone Also, I got a few very iffy hints about dom. 771 may be dom over both 770 + 774: Both gave way to 771 on branches But by no means conclusive.

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1982 R.c. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay 23 Aug * * GROUP UPDATE * * ① J773 disappeared. 22 June ±3 days Last seen by RCM 82 06 19. Missing by 26 June 20at Granary census, 0820-1020. Lots of acorns already stored 1020, Pretty slow, although a few good defense observation, including an intrusion by 9648, formerly of Blom I. Complete census: 8461 9524, 9587, 8770, 8774 all seen well, and 8771 seen fleetingly. 23Oct Another granary census, 1130-1330. Wow, one of the very best storing frenzies I've ever seen! 62 acorns in the first hour, 108 total for the two hours! Not bad. Complete census, although 8774 kept very low profile throughout. He stored only one acorn! All the acorns were coming from the area S f SW of the granary. May have mostly been Blue oak acorns, but I wasn't sure. 11 Nov Granary census, 1400-1600. Very slow 1400 Nobody 05 " 10 " 15 " 20 " 25 " 30 " 35 " 40 " 45 8461 9524 ~4 50 9524 55 " 1500 " 05 " 10 " 15 " 20 " 25 Probably 8461 30 8461 8771 8774 35 8461 8771 40 " " Storage 1545 8461 8771 9524 50 8461 9524 9587 8771 55 " " " " " 1600 " " " " " TOTAL (2) ½ hr

20 Oct 1982 Low Hay granary ce-545 0820 - 1020. Storage 9587 1 (1) 8771 1 (1) 8461 (2) (1) defense: 0835 9524 8648 1 0904 8461 unid pass. 1 0906 8461 unid pass, 2 1015 8461 nuthatch ( 0820 nobody 25 " 30 " 35 9524 EA 1° 40 nobody 45 " 50 9587, 8771 SA | others 1° 55 nobody 0900 " 05 8461 1° 10 8461 1° 15 nobody 20 " 25 " 30 8461 1° 35 8461 1° 0940 8461 10 45 nobody 50 " 55 " 1000 " 05 " 15 9524 ws, 8774 10 20 8774 1° 23 Oct 1982 Low Hay Granary (from 1130-1330) 1130 8461 SA 35 8461 8776 SA 40 nobody 49 8774 50 9524 SA 55 8770 SA 1200 9524 9587 8771 SA 05 9524 9587 SA 10 9587 8461 SA 15 8770 9587 8771 SA 20 9587 ws | 9524 ws 8461 25 9524 EA | 9587 8770 30 8771 ws | 9524 8770 Storage 8461 (14) 9524 (15) 9587 (15) 1235 8461 9524 SA 40 8770 8771 SA 45 8770 9524 SA 50 9524 SA 8774 55 9587 8461 8771 SA 1300 9524 05 8461 9587 SA | 8774 EA 10 8771 SA 15 8770 SA 8461 MA 20 8776 SA 8461 MA 25 9524 8770 SA 8461 MA 30 8461 1st h. 2nd Storage 8774 1 8770 4H 9524 4H 11 8587 4H 11 8771 4H unk 4H 11 4H 11 1200 8771 stelJay 2 unknown (26) TOTAL (108) 62 5th- 46 2nd

1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Low Hay 16 Nov Totally useless granary census: No birds seen at all. 21 Nov Trying again, 1045. Good watch! All 6 birds seen well, a decent bit of storing, too. 2 Dec Slow granary census, 0810-1010. Picked up a bit late. Saw ♂774 face away + chatter to ♀524! Only [illegible] ♂770 not seen.

16 Nov 1982 Low Hay Granary census 1425-1625 1425 nobody 30 35 40 45 50 55 1500 05 10 15 20 25 1530 nobody 35 40 45 50 55 1600 05 10 15 20 25 21 Nov 1982. 1050 nobody 55 8461 9524 MA 1100 8461 05 nobody 10 8461 SA 15 8461 20 nobody 25 8461 30 8461 9524 SA 35 nobody 40 45 50 11.55 nobody 1200 05 9587 9524 8461 SA 10 8461 15 8771 9597 9524 SA 20 8771 8774 | 9587 MA 25 9524 9587 8770 SA | 8461 30 9524 9587 35 9524 WH 40 9524 WIT 45 nobody, 50 134 10 hr- 1st hr | 2nd hr- ⑥ 8461 |||| ⑥ 9524 || ||| ② 8770 ) | ④ 9587 ② 8771 ① 8774 ② total ⑦ (14) 1208 8461 Passe-j 2 1220 9587 Au? 2 defense 1230 9524 9NB 2 9587 9787 2 (1800) 20ec 1982 0810 8774 15 20 25 30 35 nobody 40 45 50 55 0906 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 9524 SA 40 nobody 45 50 8461 9524 SA 55 nobody 1100 9524 SA 05 nobody 10 9524 SA storage all hr 2 9524 || HT ⑦ 8461 HT ⑤ u (12 total)

1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Blom One 3 March Miracle of miracles, I walk up here at 0920 and immediately locate the usually hard-to-find ♀649 wht/DBlue and ♂492 Orange/Blacks, in the mistletoe-covered Valley Oaks on the "Live Oak Knoll", north (200m) from the granary. 0945, Both birds now in the granary, no evidence of anyone else around. End watch 0950 5 March Given the developments (disappearance of ♂493) at Blom 2, I decide to give another look here to see if ♂493 might have rejoined ♂492. It doesn't look like it. Again, I see ♂492, ♀649, and no evidence of any other bird around. 8 April Nobody in holes, but plenty of acorns here, 1730. 2 May Walking past at 1730: A bird (♀ I think) in the 1981 aborted nest hole, and before she looked out I heard tapping, on the inside 9 May Checked the 81 hole here, 4 eggs, quite fresh (see Nest record). Alan reported ♂492 in the hole here only half heartedly yesterday, so I would suspect incubation has just begun. This means 20 May would be a good day to expect hatching, and 11 June banding. 20 May After Alan's report of starling activity in the nest, and then no incubation, I check the hole at 1200 to find that it has failed! No eggs, but a lot of starling nest material + shit. Was the starling action a cause of the nest failure? Impossible to determine. See Alan's notes for details. Acorns still present

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom one 4 June I say "hello" to all the holes I know about here, 1400. Doesn't appear to be a second nest around. 8 June Whoa! Over here at 1100, I find a bird looking out of the low hole in the large douglasii-lobata hybrid, 50 m WSW of the granary. 9 June At 1700, I climb up to the hole, open it, and find 4 eggs, ~day 2-3. See nest record for details. This means I should look- for hatching on 18 June and banding ~ 8 July. 23 June Checked the nest, 1230: 4 Nestlings, 3 in pretty good shape, but one runt definitely on the way out. See nest record. 19 July Walked by here, 1030. Walter had banded 3 nestlings here 10 days ago, but I find nobody looking out of the nest hole. They could have fledged, I suppose. A few acorns still remain in the granary. Leaving, I flush a nestling from the blue oaks along the road at the "summit" 24 July Both 8 492 M/BIR and 8 649 seen here in passing at 1715, but nobody else. 17 Aug A surprising coup here at 0730. I stroll up over the knoll and manage to spot all 3 jays in the trees above the granary: J830 Red-wht/Red-wht, J831 Blue-DBlue/LB and J832 DGrn/LPnk. Also 8 492 M/BIR at a 9 (presumably 8649) before they all flew off to the Live Oak Knoll. Blom 1 is out of stored acorns. 8 Oct Last several times here I've flushed birds out of the 79-80 hole, but a watch here convinces me that there's no nest. Only 8 492 seen,

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Blom 1 Nest Record 9 May 9 looking out of 81 aborted nest hole in granary 1430. Climbed up, opened hole eggs quite fresh, probably 1 laid today- 4 eggs 13 May Checked hole, 1700 4 eggs 20 May Checked hole 1200 Nest failed -- eggs all missing Lots of Starling nest material in the hole 8 June 1100, Bird looking out of low hole in the lobata x douglasii hybrid, 30 m SWOT granary. 9 June Opened hole, 1700: ( all ~2-3days) ① 27.7 x 20.2 ② 27.5 x 20.5 ③ 26.9 x 20.5 ④ 27.2 x 19.9 all hatched! 4 eggs 23 June 1230 4 nestlings ① Yellow-Blue ② D Pink ③ Dbr-L Pkr ④ NB 31.5g 27.0 27.0 9.5g 3 nestlings banded (See Walter's notes)

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Gazebo 3 March Alarm + E watch here briefly, 1130. I find ♂571 LBlue - 13'k / LBlue , plus a few others that I couldn't see. DBlue-yellow/DBlue ♀653 5 March Trying again here, 0930. ♂516 cbn-wht/cbn ..."/" Seen right away in the granary area. I'm watching from E end of pond 1045, success! ♀570 mauve/m also here, Though ♂51 not seen today, he was here 3 March. End 1100. 8 April A quick pass, acorns still present, 1800 13 April Alarm + I swing by at 1500, Esce ♀570 mauve/m and two ♂♂, one Metal/ 26 April Alan reported a bird flushing out of the '81 nest tree yesterday: I come by at 1040 and do the same: I flush a bird out of a hole out of the highest live limb in the tree. It wouldn't be hard to climb to but it is a thin, long branch, and there is a hole beneath it (i.e., the limb is hollow). I'll have to think about it. Otherwise it would require two lengths of extension ladder. 27 April Well, I decided to gamble + climb to the hole. Not easy and extremely uncomfortable to hang there, but I manage to open the hole: 6 eggs, one fairly fresh, the others already opaque. I would guess that 6 May would be a good date to expect hatching, and 28 May (baring further developments) for banding. 3 May I stroll by at 1600 1745, Nobody in the nest hole. Have I caused abandonment? 5 May Another walk past 0900: No problem. A ♀ flushes from the hole, and I heard no babies when it flew.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes forficivorus Gazebo 11 May Checked nest, 0945. 5 not-too-bad-looking babies. No sign of 6th egg or nestling. The nestlings looked a bit thin, perhaps, but there were certainly no runts. One weighed ~20g, so I guessed them to be 6 days old or so, meaning my guess of 27 May banding, was pretty good. 21 May Well Gazebo has blown it again! Leslie watched here yesterday and saw no feedings in 1hr. Sure enough, at 1200 I check the hole and find the remains of 3 dead nestlings, moderately decomposed, about 12 days old at death. So I would guess nest failure occurred 18 May or so. Starvation certainly is the likely cause. However, Gazebo is not out of acorns: ~100 or so left. Certainly not many, but no excuse to let the nestlings starve. Just like last year. Interestingly, two of the nestlings appeared to have been partially eaten! The head of one was entirely missing, and it appeared that viscera of the other was missing. Hmm! Also, while F was here I heard a lot of chatters + warbles coming from the fence line. And F briefly saw 5 birds here! It will be worth waiting here before too long. 1250, just as F'm leaving I confirm 9653 bro-wart/corn + 8 [illegible] 516 +June Gazebo's not dead yet! At 1430 I flush a bird out of the low 1980 hole. F climb up + find 6 eggs including one runt, Eggs all about 4 days, meaning I should anticipate hatching on 12 June and banding on 3 July!

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Gazebo 8 June Routine nest watch here, 0740-1040: ♂516, ♂571, ♀653 all took turns at the nest, but I saw no sign of ♀570. That would be too bad if she is gone, since I would like to get more data on the nest contributions by ♀ helpers that are unrelated to the breeding ♀. ♂571 incubated a lot today, in keeping with his now presumed breeding status. 10 June Another routine nest watch, also one on 9 June. Pretty clear now that ♀570 is probably not around ♂516, ♂571, ♀653 the only birds here. Also, ♂516 did a late incubation bout + stayed in, so ♂516 roosted in the nest. 16 June Checked the nest + banded the young nestling here: 4 nestlings, 3 of which looked pretty good, one of which looked very marginal. No trace of the two other eggs/nestlings, one of which was a runt. See nest record for details. 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀570 disappeared ~ 10 May 1982 ± 1 month Last seen here 13 April. Clearly gone by 8 June. 3 July Surprisingly all 4 nestlings still alive + doing OK. They were banded J819-822. See nest record for details. 9 July Stroll by here at 0940. I find ♂571, of all things, pounding away at the feeder (=gazebo). Not sure what he was after. I also flushed a fledged juvie, but didn't see any bands. Also, Gazebo is certainly + without question OUT of acorns.

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1982 R.C. Murme Melanerpes formicivorus Gazebo Nest Record 25 April Alan flushes bird from new hole in '81 nest tree 26 April I do the same, 1030 27 April Open hole (a bitch), 1345 6 eggs clutch complete, eggs one fairly fresh, others not measured or bumbered. 4-5 days old 11 May Nestcheck, 0945 5 babies ~20g, (6 days?) 21 May Nestcheck, 1200 3 dead nestlings Nest failed ~ 18 May. 4 June Flush bird from low 1980 nest hole, 1430 Opened hole ● 6 eggs (1 runt, 5 normal eggs, ~4 days) 16 June 1500 4 nestlings (no sign of 5th normal egg or runt) → 819 7820 7821 → 822 ① Or.-Blue ② Red-B/K ③ B/K-Yel(N) ④ NB at 22.0g 22.5 16.5 13.0 3 July at 73.0g 74.0 78.0g 69.0g 1645 wing 76 80 66 55 crown 2 1 3 4 All 4 nestlings banded & fled, J819-822

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Gazebo 17 Aug A quick + partially successful watch, O 830 - 0930. All 3 adults (♂516, ♂571, ♀653) seen well, plus 1 juv. Orange / DBlue-wr(?) J821 7 Oct 1345, watching here. First bird I see is none other than ♂570 mauve/M, Back after an absence of ~6mor, where she's been, and why she's returning now (if indeed she is: could be just "visiting") I don't know. Also saw ♂653 and J822 M / LGrn, probably in ♂ plumage, but it might be a bit early to tell for him. At least one adult ♂ M / seen, but that could be either ♂516 or ♂571 3 Dec After a long struggle, 1145 - 1330, I finally pull off a complete census: ♂516, ♀653, ♂570, ♀819 (I think ♀), ♂820 (for sure ♀) ♂821 + ♂822 (Both sure ♂♂). Only bird missing was, of course, ♂571, who has moved to Hay Blom. The strange thing is that there was a lot of activity in the old storage trees between Gazebo & Blom 3. Lots of NB birds, plus a few banded birds from Gazebo (♀819), CV Grade (♂718), and Blom 3 (♂768 of Blom 3). No idea what the commotion was all about. A fair amount of chasing, Harris's, quailas,

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom Two 3 March Alan watching here 0915-1000, reports at least one and maybe two ♂NB's here. Uh-oh! 1017, while Alan watches from the usual spot, I sneak over to the granary. I immediately find a ♂NB and ♀478, Metal/DBlue-Or. So it looks bad for ♂493. I just watched at Blom-one, and saw no evidence of three birds there. Acorns still present here, but not any great number. 5 March 1130, Alan may well be correct about 2 ♂NB here. I find 2♂8, one certainly UB, in a Valley Oak 75 m N of the granary. 1200 Absolutely! 1 ♂NB has a smooth white line, left side of face, the second has a nice dark whisker. (Confirm 2♂8 here. ♀478 also seen. Will have to catch these devils! 1205, both in the granary-nest tree together. 10 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ♂493 disappeared 15 Jan 1982 ± 6 weeks Last seen on 20 Nov 1981. New ♂♂ present on 3 March had obviously been here for some time. ♂♂ 858, 859 move to Blom 2 15 Jan 1982 ± 6 weeks These ♂♂ probably did not boot ♂493 off. ♂493 definitely gone, or we would have seen him back at Blom 1 or 1500. 8 April Alan had reported starlings in the 1980 nest hole here, so I climbed up to take a peek. It was free of all starling debris, but after coming down I saw a starling fly into (+ stay in) the hole above. Acorns still present. At roosting it seemed like 1 bird roasted in the nest hole + two roasted in the "other" (more westerly) hole branch in the same tree

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Blom 2 14 April Successful ambush here today, netting 9478 plus the two 8NB, hereby christened 8717 + 8718. April Power struggle here, involving 94695+696 from 1800, but won by 9578 at Road 1! See Alans notes for the goodies. 11 May Walked by here 1030, flushed 2 birds out of the opened hole (1980 nest) in the roost tree. I climbed up + peeped in, but found no eggs. 13 May Watching here 0940. Flushed 2 birds from the roost tree as I walked up. All 3 birds here (8717, 8718, 9578 all seen well) and it looks like a bit of mate guarding is going on. See reverse 15 May Alan watching here last two days, reporting mate guarding and '80 hole visitation. I check the hole 1040, still no eggs, but it should be soon. 17 May Checked the hole, 1630: Still no eggs. Gave the birds ~10 acorns, placed in various holes of the nest tree. Otherwise, they appear completely out of acorns. 20 May Checked the hole, 1100. Still No eggs! The acorns that I placed here 3 days ago are all gone, so I put ~25 more (Call Valley Oak) in various holes. I would like to have this group nest. 22 May Checked the hole, 0830: Still no eggs, and all the acorns I gave them seem to have been eaten. I'm starting to have doubts about Blom 2 nesting. Nonetheless, I saw 9578, and saw her followed by 28. So they are still guarding.

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1982 R.C. Munne 3 Melanerpes formicivorus Blom 2 May 24 Shows you what I know! I peep in the hole 0900, and find 2 eggs, certainly, laid yesterday and today. So even with an absence of acorns, Blom 2 is nesting away. How about that? May 25 Opened the hole, 0745: 3 eggs, so another one laid this morning. I number the eggs 1-3, but this of course, has no bearing on laying sequence. May 26 Peeped in, 1845. So one a day, starting on 23 May. Alan reports end of f-guarding and beginning of incubation 30 May Checked hole to measure eggs, 1145 3 eggs So once again, an egg mysteriously disappears during incubation. See nest record for measurements. The egg that disappeared was not the one laid 26 May. Anyway, this means that the clutch was certainly complete on 26 May (Alan reports that incubation did not really begin until then, meaning 7 July June would be a good day to expect hatching, and 28 June for banding 11 June Checked nest 1300: 3 fairly healthy nestlings, ~5 days old, meaning all 3 eggs hatched. How The well-being of the nestlings was somewhat surprising, given the absence of acorns here. The nestlings looked a tad thin, but not bad at all, really. 15 June Oops! At 1600 I find the nest here failed. Totally empty! No dead babies, nothing! Could have been predation I suppose, but the lack of acorns is certainly compelling.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom 2 (15 June) As is usual in these cases, we will never know for sure. Alan watched here on 13 June and saw no feedings, so the failure must have occurred suddenly between 11 + 13 June. Also, 13 + 14 June Walter was watching at Corral Viejo Grande, the group with the huge granary at the mouth of CU canyon, and he saw ♂718 there on both days, and apparently a member in good standing! This would strongly suggest that CU grande is the natal group of ♂717 + ♂718, which was certainly suggested by my observations of these birds flying off in that direction while watching roosting at Blom 2 in Feb + March. Also it suggests that at least ♂718 is thinking about returning home, if he has not done so already. 18 June GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀478 disappeared ~ 20 April 1982 Last seen by Alan 15 April. Power-struggle in progress 25 April. ② ♀578 moved here from Road 1 25 April 1982 seen participating (♀ winning) PS here o... 25 April 19 July Strolling by 1000, No activity here. Blom 2 is probably abandoned. See Alan's notes on Blom 2 and the return of ♀578 to Road 1. 24 July 1 adult + 3 Banded juveniles here at 1800: J Blk-rel/Red Yel CPink/M + J DPink/Mauve ♂NB J Or-red/Wht. These are certainly J767, J768, J769 of Blom 3, with a ♂NB. I flushed all of them, and all took off toward Blom 3. Thus, it's pretty clear that Blom 2 is still abandoned.

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom 2 23 Aug ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀578 moved back to Road 1 18 June ± 5 days Last seen at Blom 2 on 13 June, Back at Road 1 22 June ② ♂717, ♂718 Abandoned Blom 2 18 June ± 1 week Last seen at Blom 2 8 June, missing 13 June, clearly gone 26 June Blom two was clearly abandoned by 26 June Nest failed ~ 13 June ± 2 days, Waltersaw ♂718 at Corral Viejo Grande (presumed natal territory) around this time, too. See his note Sept 29 Walter has reported birds in a hole in a VD near the head of Dark Hollow canyon (see map on back). I come up here at 1020 and find a ♂NB and a ♀NB hanging out in the wooded areas North East of the head of dark hollow canyon. No grarary up here that I can see. After watching a while, it seems unlikely that these birds have ties to Blom 2. Blom 3 is a possibility however. 1110, at Blom 2 proper, I can't find any birds at all. Looks like it may not be occupied this fall, unless somebody comes in soon. Oct 8 Sept May have to beat my words. Watching here 1530-1700. After a 10-g wait, I finally see a ♂NB in the grarary nest tree. Saw him store an acorn, and even briefly enter the nest hole. Looks for real. Also thought I saw a ♀NB here, but not certain. 9 Oct Watching the "new" group described 29 Sept, and ♂ & NB still here, in same area defending trees against Juv Intruders! (probably Blom 1 Juvies). A real group with no grarary (like known set)

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1982 R.L. Munne 3a Melanerpes fornicivorus Blom 2 Nest Record 22 May Peeped in old 1980 nest hole, 0830: No eggs 24 May Peeped in, 0900 (first egg laid 23 May for sure!) 25 May 0745 (numbered ① - ③) 26 May 1845, peeped in 30 May Checked hole 1145 Egg ② missing! all hatched ① 24.7 × 19.4 ③ 25.1 × 19.9 ④ 25.3 × 19.7 (laid 26 May) 11 June Checked nest 1300 ~5 days' old 3 nestlings 15 June Checked nest, 1600: Failed Completely empty, no trace of nestlings.

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom 2 27 Oct I stroll by here at 1530, and finally find a few acorns stored in the nest tree. Still none in the secondary area, though. 1615: After a long wait I see two birds, I'm pretty sure a ♂NB and a ♀NB. Will have to ambush here before long. 8 Dec I stroll by, 1430, reveals a ♂NB and a ♀NB. Still very few acorns here, however. Also, I took a 30-min look around "Cañon Vista" and it looks like the birds there may have moved on. No sign of any wicker life. On 3 Dec, while watching at Dark Hollow, I saw a bird up in the CVista "roosthole tree" (see Walters notes), but that could have been a straggler from elsewhere. Also, the dead tree at the head of the CVista ravine has fallen (probably during late Nov. storms).

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1982 R.C. Munroe Melanerpes formicivorus Blom 3 8 Dec Alan has reported stored acorns (!) in one of the old storage trees [illegible] in the "hollows" between Blom 3 and Gazebo. At 1500, I con-c over a-d sure enough find 12 or so acorns in a large VO in the bottom of the hollow closest to Gazebo + CV Grade. This is where I saw a lot of wicker activity on 3 Dec (see Gazebo notes). Today things are quiet. At least 3 birds are hanging around here, though: A ♂ N/B, a ♀ (?) and ♂ Juv 768 or-Red/Wht-Red, [illegible] (of Blom 3). My current guess is that the birds hanging out here are all Blom 3 birds (they seem to be shuttling back and forth), and all the power-struggle-like action I saw on 3 Dec was territorial squabbling. However, it would be nice to get more Blom 3 birds banded. I watched roosting here last night and saw 3 birds roost in the "low" 1982 hole and 1 roost in the "high" 1982 hole. 9 Dec Very successful ambush here, netting 1 bird (♂ 839) in the upper hole + 5 birds (♂ 840, ♂ 841, ♀ 767, ♂ 768, ♂ 769) in the lower hole. This may be all the birds in the group, but watches are needed

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes fornicivorus Blom 3 Nest Record 2 May ♂ looking out of upper hole of the Blue Oak hole tree; Peeped in, 1800: 5 eggs 5 May Opened hole, 0930 5 eggs ~ 8 days 11 May Walked by 1000. Eggs have hatched. 20 May 1630, heard babies while walking by 30 May 1100 Banded 3 young, J767- 769 June (fledged (juvs seen here flutter in passing) 2 July 0915, adult flushed from lower hole in the Blue Oak hole tree Opened hole, 0930 4 eggs quite fresh, no more than 2-3 days at most 19 July 0945, Nobody in hole, no baby noises. Failed? 24 July Checked hole, 1730. Still 4 eggs NEST ABANDONED One egg broken open, nice intact, undeveloped yolk. Suspect abandonment occurred on or shortly after 2 July. Eggs still marbled + quite fresh, as they were then. 3 eggs returned to nest, 0- off chance that they represent a new clutch. Acorns still present! Juvs 767, 768, 769 all seen at Blom 2, 24 July,

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes fornicivorus Dark Hollow 3 March Over here with Alan 1030 we do well. ♀509 L6m-D6m/tell for sure, and ♂584 Metal/BP/15 pretty sure. A few intruders around when we first walked up, but they were quickly chased away toward CV2. Birds are doing very well here, acorn-wise. Surprisingly well, in fact, for a marginal territory. Probably 1000 or more acorns, primarily in the low limb (southerly) of the 2 VOs. Almost all Live Oak acorns, probably from the Large Live Oak 50 m W of the granary that had such a heavy crop last fall. 8 April A quick look here, 1800, ♂584 presumed here. plus a ♀. Acorns still stored here. 3 May a stroll by, 1830: Nobody in any holes. 13 May Whoops, 1720, walking over here to look for a nest, I see 3 birds opening waking, mounting in the granary! Looks like the tail end of a power-struggle! With no scope, I'm not sure what I can learn here today. 21 May Watching here 1000. Alan learned on 14 May that ♂695 +♀696 of 1800 had moved here! ♀509 is gone. 1100, All 3 birds here, seen well: ♂584, ♂695 ♂696. What's more, the birds here are prospecting a hole: ♂584 was in tapping for ~5 minutes, then ♂695 entered, flew out with wood chips, then entered again and looked out for 10-15 min. ♂696 also took a couple of looks at the hole. The hole is not great for getting up to, but is not too bad considering what's available for this group. It's in the more northerly of

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1982 R.C. Murme Melanerpes fornicivorus Dark Hollow (21 May) the two main Valley Oaks, in a dead stub pointing toward the other tree. You can climb up the stub without any trouble, but I wouldn't trust hanging on the stub (at least not for the moment). However, there is a nice strong branch directly over the stub, so we should be able to work something out. 22 May Watched here 0640-0720: All 3 birds present, still a great deal of interest in the same hole (all birds in at least once, ♂584 removing wood chips). I figured out a fairly painless way to get to the nest using only the short rope ladder. I prepped in at 0800 and found nothing yet, but all-day watches should be the norm now. 23 May Watching here 0540-0700, Still a lot of interest in the hole, but ♂584 was the only bird in for any length of time. It zipped in briefly once, and both ♀695 + ♀696 looked in, will watch again tomorrow. 24 May Watching 0545. ♀695 was in the hole looking out when I walked up, but she left immediately, 0700, we're getting there. ♀695 was in the hole twice more, but she looked out virtually the entire time she was in. ♂584 zipped in 2 times, and ♀696 looked in twice. 25 May Watching, 0550-0700. Birds zipped in about all the time, but I prepped in the hole at 0715, Still no eggs.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Dark Hollow 26 May Watching, 0540 - 0700. More quick visits by all 3 birds, but nothing substantial 28 May Watching here 0540 after shamefully skipping yesterday. 0608 ♀696 enters hole. Looks out for a few seconds at 0613 + 0615. 0619, ♂695 enters. 0620, ♀696 leaves nest ♀695 does not leave nest hole until 0657. 0700, I check the hole + find Egg, a runt, 20.5 x 15.3! Unfortunately, both ♂♀ were in the hole simultaneously while it was being laid. The runt had an off-center air cell, but it is not possible to say for sure who laid this egg. I suspect ♀695, since she stayed in the hole longer 0800, watching again: 0918 ♀696 enters: 0920 ♀696 leaves, without egg. 0920, ♂695 enters. 0921, ♀695 leaves nest, carrying the runt egg! Egg is carried to the high branches of the adjacent Valley Oak, but I lose track of it there. Unfortunately, there is no way to say for sure what happened here, other than somebody laid a runt egg, and ♀695 carried it out. Maybe we'll be able to figure out some of the details tomorrow 29 May Watching the nest here 0525 with Molly. See the back of this page for the details. Basically, both ♂♀ were again in the nest simultaneously when two eggs were laid, ⓐ was a runt: 18.7 x 14.7

Dark Hollow egg-laying watch, 29 May 1982 0525 watching hole 0545 ♀695 enters, followed by ♂696 ♂584 looks in, flies off 0542 ♂696 leaves 0550 ♀695 looks out ~20sec 0551 1.0, b.d. ~5sec 0552 1.0, b.d. ~5sec 0553 1.0, b.d. ~5sec 0553 1.0, b.d., ~20sec 0555 1.0, b.d. ~5sec { responding to garricks being given by ♂584 } 0555 ♀695 leaves 0600 checked nest, No eggs! 0605 watching again 0625 ♂696 enters 0631 ♀695 enters (both ff in) 0640 ♂696 looks out (smudge on forehead, heavy mustache) 0645 ♂584 enters (all 3 birds in) ♂ looks out fairly constantly, with brief trips down 0658 ♂ leaves ♀696 leaves 0700 ♀695 (no smudge, faint mustache) lo. 0705 ♀695 b.d. 0709 ♂696 enters 0710 ♂696 1.0. 0712 both ff leave 0715 Nest check: 2 eggs, one runt, one normal 0730 Alan, Molly take over forms { 0625-0658 ♀696 lays 0631-0712 ♀695 lays }

1982 R. L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Dark Hollow (29 May) very heavily "marbled" appeared (heavily streaked). no air cell ② was normal 25.2 x 19.2, off-center air cell. I think it's safe to conclude that the Q that laid yesterday's runt laid today's normal egg, since as far as we know, runts are only laid as the first egg of a clutch. Also, yesterday's + today's runts were quite different, size-wise. But who laid which? No way to know. → Alan + Molly watching here, 0735, Alan reports ⑥695 throws out both eggs at 1015. See Alan's notes 30 May Watching here 0548. Egg laying details on back. Basically, 2 eggs were laid simultaneously by the two QQ between 0615 + 0655. At 0700 I checked the nest + found 2 eggs. ① 25.0 x 19.2 (no air cell) ② 24.8 x 19.9 (off-center air cell) Also, the two eggs were absolutely side-by-side. End 0730 31 May Watching 0605. Details on back. Basically, the 2 QQ once again laid simultaneously; and once again, the eggs have consistent differences ③ 25.9 x 19.5, (no air cell at all) ④ 24.5 x 19.7 (off-center air cell.) If I can ever reliably determine the ownership of just one egg, I should be able to figure out what happened here. Maybe tomorrow I'll get lucky.

30 May 1982 Dark Hollow egg-laying 0548 ?696 enters 0552 ?696 leaves I check nest, EMPTY! 0602 watching 0614 ?696 enters 0618 ?695 enters 0645 ?696 looks out, leaves (B584 garricking) 0655 ?695 leaves 0700 Checked nest 2 eggs 31 May 1982 DH egg-laying 0605 watching 0607 ?695 enters 0615 ?696 enters 0625 ?696 looks cut 0639 ?696 b.d. 0640 ?584 enters, looks out 0654 ?584 leaves ?695 l.o. 0700 I go to check nest, 2 more eggs (4 total)

1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Dark Hollow 1 June I finally get lucky here By 0650, only one egg had been laid, Certainly by 9695! ⑤ 25.9 x 19.7 . It totally lacked an air cell, and had the same heavily marbled appearance as the runt of 29 May. I presume either 9696 is through laying, or her last egg will come in later today. Egg-laying details on backs. Thus, because of the consistent differences in eggs, I think we can fairly comfortably conclude that ① 9696 laid runt or 28 May (tossed by 9695), + ② 9696 laid normal egg, 9695 laid runt, on 29 May (both tossed by 9695). Ah, success! 2 June Checked the hole here, 0600. 6 eggs, The new one (certainly laid yesterday by 9696 given the early hour) was ⑥ 26.0 x 19.0, with an off-center air cell.' Just as I hoped. Thus, it is certain that 9696 laid late yesterday, and ⑥ was almost surely her last egg. 9695 may lay one more today, but I suspect that this will be the last day. Thus, 13 June would be a good date to expect hatching, and 5 July for banding 4 June One last hole check 1545. 7 eggs, the seventh probably laid late 2 June by 9695, 25.9 x 18.9. again lacked an air cell. Actually, all the eggs that lacked the cell when laid were beginning to develop then now. Anyway, clutch complete 2 June, 4-3 in favor of 9695

1 June 1982 Dark Hollow egg-laying 0605 9695 in hole, looking out 0610 back down 0615 I go to hole, scare 9 out, check hole, Still 4 eggs (no new one) 0625 back watching, 0628 9695 enters 0639 I move closer, 9695 looks out 0645 I climb up to check nest, 9 leaves 5 eggs, ⑤ certainly laid by 9695

1982 R.C. Mumme 5a Melanerpes formicivorus Dark Hollow Nest Record 28 May 0700, opened the hole 1 runt egg (see notes) (1) 20.5 x 15.3 (9696?) (thrown out later by 9695, see notes) 29 May 0715 checked the hole 2 eggs (runt, normal) (9695?) (1) 18.7 x 14.7 (9696?) (2) 25.2 x 19.2 both (thrown out later by 9695, see notes) 30 May 0700 Two eggs (9695?) (9696?) (1) 25.0 x 19.2 (no air cell) (2) 24.8 x 19.9. (air cell) 31 May 0700 4 eggs (see notes) (9695?) (3) 25.9 x 19.5 (no air cell) (9696?) (4) 24.5 x 19.7 (air cell) (no air cell) 1 June 0650 5 eggs 9695 for-sure! (5) 25.9 x 19.7 (cell) (see notes) (also heavily marbled) 2 June 0600 beggs 9696! (egg laid late June!) (6) 26.0 x 19.0 (off-center air cell) 4 June 1545 (9695?) (7) 25.9 x 18.9 (no air cell) (egg-laid 2 June most likely) 12 June 1030 4 nestlings (from 1, 2, 3 + 4) 3 unhatched eggs (all pipping) 14 June 1430 5 nestlings egg 7 unhatched (new nestling from either 6 or 5) 16 June 1600 5 nestlings egg 7 unhatched, with well-developed embryo from egg 5 or 6 hatched 12 June from eggs 1-4 ① Yel-Dorn ② Wht-Red ③ Red-LBlue ④ DBlue-wht(N) ⑤ NB wt 24.5 21.0g 21.5g 17.0g 7.0g did not make it to 23 June

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1982 R.C. Munne 56 Melanerpes formicivorus Dark Hollow Nest Record (continued) 23 Jane Checked hole, 1315 →823 →824 →825 ① Yel-0Grn ② wnt-Red ③ Red-LBlue ④ DBI-wht(m) 53.5g 51.0g 51.5g 45.5g 2 July Some nestlings still alive here i-passing. 3 July wt gone (!) 86.5g 87.0g 79.0g 1800 wing (fell out of nest?) 73 74 65 crown 1 2 3 3 Nestlings banded rbled as Juvs 823-825

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1982 R.L. Mumme 6 Melanerpes formicivorus Dark Hollow 12 June Checked nest, 1030: Hatching! Eggs ① ② ③ +④ have hatched, and these 4 nestlings were marked with sharpie (blue) on the right leg. Eggs ⑤,⑥, + ⑦ Not yet hatched, but all were pipped slightly. No adult was in the hole when I arrived, and the eggs & young were a bit cool. I hope that's not a bad sign. 14 June 1430, 5 nestlings! 4 from 12 June remarked with Blue Sharpie or right leg The fifth (quite small and probably won't make it) was marked on the left leg. The newcomer came either from egg ⑤ or ⑥, of which there was no trace. Egg ⑦ was still unhatched (and probably won't) even though it looked well-developed One interesting thing. After checking the hole I discovered about a 50 cm gopher snake on the main limb just above the nest branch. Holy cow! No funny bulges on it, I was afraid that my scent would lead the snake right to those juicy nestlings, so I heaved it away. It landed on the ground near the "other" of the two Sister trees, and disappeared into the grass. 16 June Hole check + pre-banding of the nestlings, 1600. Still 5 nestlings, the 4 from egg ①-④ quite healthy, but the 5th nestling looks to be on the way out. Only 7 grams. Egg ⑦ did not hatch, even though it contained a well-developed embryo.

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1982 R.L. Mumme 7 Melanerpes formicivorus Dark Hollow 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9509 disappeared 24 April 1982 ± 2 weeks Last seen here for sure on 3 March, but probably here on 8 April. Not certainly gone until 13 May ② 9695 & 9696 moved here from 1800 12 May 1982 (see 1800 notes) 23 June Checked the nest, 1315: 4 healthy nestlings, (from eegs ①-④), but the runt has disappeared. See Nest record. 3 July Banded the young here, 1800, and got a mild surprise. Only 3 nestlings! What's more, it was the largest of the ④ 4 from 23 June that disappeared. Very strange. However, I bet that the missing juvie fell out of the nest. It's very shallow nest hole here, and the entrance points down, so that's not at all an unreasonable suggestion. Especially after what happened at Black Oak last year No trace of nestling below the and R1 + 1500 this year. nest, however. Anyway, the remaining three were banded Juvs. 823- 825! 17 Aug A quick but successful watch here, 0800. ⑤ 584, Dark Hollow is 9695 9696 all seen quite well! Also J82-3 Dbrn / wht - Dbrn and J824 "" " / DBlue, No Sign of J825, and I saw only 5 birds total (for sure), so it seems likely that J825 is gone. Also got a hint that J824 is dominant over J823 (the latter Gave ground as J824 hitched down a branch) but not sure. Birds were harvesting green acorns from across "theravie," Blor 3

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1982 R.L. Runne Melanerpes formicivorus Coral Viejo 17 May I wander over here 1500 after Pam had told me of seeing a nestling looking out of a hole over at CV#2. Sure enough, I come to the spot Pam described and found about a 30 day old nestling looking out! Jeez, that means these guys must have started to lay eggs on April 3 or so (±4 days, I guess). Pretty impressive, I must say. The hole would require at least length of extension ladder (perhaps both), so I'm inclined not to try this nest, given that fact and the fact that the young might "fledge" the moment I put the ladder up. At CV#1, things were better. Found a ♂ looking out of last years nest hole (opened), flushed him, and heard nothing, making me think they are at egg stage. I will check them at a later date. 20 May Climbed up to the hole at CV#1, and to my surprise I found 2 fairly well along nestlings: Eyes open, feathers beginning to u-sheath, ~17 days or so? 24 May Banded the two CV#1 nestlings today, now J727 + J728. I did not take blood, because neither bird looked especially great. In particular, J728, the smaller of the two, was doing some strange panting or producing weird noises. These two were not as old as I thought they were now may be 18-19 days 14 June Walkover to CV#2 at 1450 and sure enough, they have a second nest! It is in the upper (proximal) hole of two opened nest holes in their blue oak nest

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Corral Viejo (14 June) tree (see map back of page 1). I flushed an adult from the hole, and heard begging noises that sounded like those of ~4 day old babies. I should check the nest here ~25 June. Also, there was a fledged juvie looking out of the hole below the nest, so some of the first nest nestlings are still alive. At CV#1, no evidence of a 2nd nest. At Blom 3, I find a [illegible] fledgling looking out of the hole just below the nest hole, but no sign otherwise of a second nest. 25 June Banded 3 Nestlings, now J813, 814 or 815 at the CV#2 nest. They were still quite young (eyes barely open, ~60 grams, ~15 days old or so), but were healthy, and with the CV#2 granary well-stocked with acorns, they should all make it without trouble. 7 Oct Walking toward CV Grande from Gazebo, I find several CV Grande birds in the big old Valley Oak midway, along the road. Best sighting was ♂718 LBlue/Bk-white, formerly of Blom 2. Certain now that CV Grande is his natal territory. Also two juvs, both apparently molting to ♀ plumage (P812 DBlue/Bk-LPar and P809 M/Yellow-Blue) and two adult ♀NB, as well. 8 Dec Greatambush [illegible] Catching 7 birds all in the 1982 CV Grande nest hole: J♀808, J♀809, J♀812, ♂718, plus newly banded ♂836, ♂837, ♀838. Probably at least 1 ♀NB still in the group, however.

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1982 R.C. Mumme 3 Melanerpes formicivorus Coral Viejo Canyon 10 Dec A successful ambush at CU#2 netting 5 birds: ♀ 815, Plus the newly banded ♀ 842, ♂ 843, ♂ 844 ♂ 845.

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Westgate 8 Feb Counted stores, 1130: 580 4 March Alan + I watch here, and quickly get a complete census: 1030-1100 ♂58 no leg, ♀599 M/CBlue-Red, and ♀692, Blue - DBLue/DBlue - CBlue. All doing well. 28 March Counted stores, 1300: 400 13 April A quick look with Leslie produces a complete census: ♂58, ♀599, ♂692 all seen well. 10 May At Leslie's recommendation, we drag the ladders out and check the '81 hole, 1830: 5 eggs. I had to peep in, since the hole seems to have been glued shut. The whole limb is so fragile, I only want to open it once, to band the babies. That is too bad, in a sense, because 1 or 2 of the eggs looked quite small (runts?), but I'm not sure. Anyway, from Leslie's description - it sounds like incubation started on at least 8 May, I will guess hatching on 19 May, + banding on 10 June 7 June Counted stores, 0930 - 70 Total 10 June I finally return to the nest here at 0800, only to find it has failed! No eggs, no nestlings, and a skull of a nestling (with a culmen 8.8mm, meaning ~age 6 days) was all I could find. Also, there was a slight "Stench of death" in the hole, and it was covered with those obnoxious ants that smell so strongly of formic acid. Anyway we know the eggs (or at least 1) hatched here, but that's about all. Could ants have caused failure? Will have to watch here,

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Westgate Nest Record 10 May Peeped in 81 hole, 1830 5 eggs 10 June Checked nest, 0800: Failed No eggs or young Skull of one nestling with 8.8 mm calmer (~6 days old) all only remains. Nest thus failed ~26 May 17 June 1600, checked hole after flushing bird from No eggs hole 23 June 1430, checked hole Still No eggs.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes fornicivorus Westgate (10 June) Another possible reason for nest failure is that the old legless ♂58 couldn't get into the hole one night and the nestlings all died of hypothermia. Or they all starved (but acorns are still present). Anyway, who knows. While we were checking the nest, there seemed to be a fair amount of action (wakus, 1or 2 garricks, after-acorns, etc) that might have been related to a routine intruder, but could suggest other stuff. We will have to watch soon. 17 June Today at 1200 + again at 1530 I found birds looking out of the same '81-'82 nest hole. Back with Alan + the usual ladder setup at 1630, I peep in but find the nest empty! Perhaps they are contemplating a second attempt, though. 19 June A bird looking out of the hole again at 1430 22 June Again I flush a bird out of the lowhole here at 1730. There must certainly be eggs now! 23 June Nope! Checked the nest with Alan's help at 1430. Still no eggs! I wonder why these birds (or bird) are hanging out in the hole all the time. 18 Aug A quick little watch 0800, produces all 3 residents. ♂58, ♀598, ♂692 all seen well. An intruder (sex unknown) was here briefly but was chased off by the males. Counted stores: 0 4 Oct Quick watch, ♂58, ♀599, ♂692 all seen well, No sign of a fallen nest. Saw ♂58 fly into the gravity with a green agrifolia acorn, then eat it.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Gate Hastings Reservation 5 Jan Bad news here. At about 1600 hrs (± 15 min), following several days of rainy, stormy weather, the major multi-hole granary branch came crashing down onto Martin Road Joanne Daly alerted me, and I went down to survey the damage. A large section (about 8-10 feet) was still intact, and Joanne + I were able to prop it up against the sycamore in such a way that it should be usable to the birds. A few other odd branch fragments were also propped up in the tree. Scattered on the ground, however, were a large number of acorns (almost entirely agrifolia) which Joanne + I collected. I will provide an exact count of the acorns collected, holes destroyed, and acorns "returned" to the tree later. 6 Jan Counted acorns still in the fallen limb. About 615 in the limbs, most probably still usable to the birds, now that I've propped them up. In total, about 730: 650 acorns fell to the ground that were not collected. I still need to count those that Joanne + I collected 20 Jan Alan counted the acorns collected, and it was substantial Live Oak: 690 Valley Oak 43 TOTAL 733 Meaning that the branch fall of 5 Jan cost these birds about 1380 acorns and (presumably) a comparable number of stores. 615 are still usable at the moment. 225 lost

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1981 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes fornicivorus Gate 24 Jan Finally, an OK watch here. ♂519, ♂626, ♂627, ♀685 all seen well. ♂686 is missing once again, and he may well be gone. Still no shortage of acorns in their remaining limbs. 8 Feb Counted stores, 1215 Fallen limbs 530 Still in tree 520 1050 TOTAL 2 March Alan + E struggle, but we managed to get the fallen limb returned to the granary tree, and in a fairly usable condition & position. It looks like a lot of acorns have already been removed from it since 8 Feb, but maybe 300 are still in it. 4 March watching here, 1045, Lo + behold we find the long lost ♂/♀686 M / Bpink - Black. What's more, "she" is in ♀ plumage! 1100, We have a complete census here! ♂519 BIK-Yellow/Bik ♂626 ♂627 Lpink-DBlue/M, ♂685 and ♂686. Good! 28 March Counted stores, 1330: 620 Total also saw ♂627 & ♀685 in the process. 24 Apr A quick look here, 1200, Who should find but ♂601 M / unrcorn, as suspected (see 1500 notes for previous 2 weeks!) 1207, she's in the top of the granary, preening. Not co-tested at the moment, though no other birds around. ♂627 was here a bit earlier. 1230, ♂519 BIK-yellow/M, ♂601 together is a VO in between the swimming hole + CV road. No problems. ♂601 is back in the group. If ♂626 still here, no mateguarding yet.

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1982 R.C. Numme 3 Melanerpes formicivorus Gate 12 April Drive past, 0900, and it looks like a power struggle is in progress: Fighting, chasing, etc. Back with Alan + scopes, 1000: Hmm! Right off I find a FNB giving frequent garricks from a willow near the creek. Looks like there at least 2 other intruders too. However, all the breeders are here: 9519 + 8627 are conspicuous, and 8626 is here but keeping a low profile (not seen by me, but by Alan) Also 9601 + 9685 are here, but 9686 is missing, and I would guess gone for good. I would guess that this is just an attempted takeover- power struggle. By 1030, things calming down, the residents look in full control of the granary. Nonetheless, it is good to know that often birds try to takeover a territory. 13 April Lesliet E look in here, 1600. All quiet now, so it was definitely a short-lived power struggle. However, as we walk up, one ♀ is looking into the 1981 nest, and another ♀ is in the hole looking out 20 April Watching from the bridge, 1010: A ♀ is in the '81 hole, looking out, as I arrive. Its 9519, and she is followed out at 1020 by a ♂, with another ♂ nearby. Mate guarding has begun! See details on back: Also, Over on Square nail flat I find 3 birds (9519, 2♂) in the Broken Live Oak, and I also find a new hole in that live oak, near where the core 3 was hanging out. 9601 hole for a while. 8626, 8627, 9519 here + "tight" End 1140 Back at it 1440: A bit more data, but its tough here pm

20 April 1982 Gate pretesting 1025 core 3 9601 g | 30 "" "" "" | 35 core 3 g | 40 "" "" | 45 "" "" | 50 "" "" | 55 core 3 SNF | 110'0 "" "" | 05 ? 10 ? 15 core 3 mailboxes | 20 core 2 g | 25 "" "" | 30 "" "" | 35 "" "" | 1140 end ↓ 1445 ? 50 all 5 g | 55 9685 g | 1500 core 3 9685 g | 05 all 5 g | 10 core 3 9685 g | 15 "" "" | 20 "" "" | 25 9685 SH (swimming hole area) 30 9627 9519 9685 g | 9626 coral field | 35 ? 40 9685 g | 45 9685 g | 50 | 55 9685 SH | both ♂ FTF 601 1 both ♂ F 9519 MTT J11 9626 MAF 9519 11 both ♂ MAF 9685 1)

1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Gute 22 April Another try here, 1630: Pretty good: Good Q-following Q519 also Q was in the 1981 nest hole for awhile, too. 23 April watching 1105. 1240, Not very good. I always manage to be looking elsewhere when the birds flew in rout of the granary. However, 1220-1235 the core 3 were all inside the 81 nest hole again 25 April Checked the 81 hole here. No eggs yet, but the hole had been substantially deepened, and I was somehow was inspired to open it up for a new cut. 27 April Watching 0740. Pre nesting behavior on back. Guarding still going on in earnest, but Q519 may be laying already. She entered the 81 nest hole at 0745 (0645) and didn't leave until 0807. Both Q followed her in, and she was down in the hole. At 0804 Q656 Red-whit/D Balc top of the of Road 3 came into the granary, while all the core birds were down in the hole. After the core 3 left ~3 min late, Q627 chased him out. End 0900 29 April Checked the hole, 1630: 3 eggs marked! Birds appear to be incubating, though the clutch is fresh. 3 May checked the hole, 1030. 4 eggs, the 4th mated, all measured (See next record). This would mean clutch complete 30 April. Expect hatching about 11 May, and bading about 1 June 16 May Checked hole, 4 nice-looking nestlings! See nest record 18 May Roosting watch. Pretty sure Q626 M/ came to the ray Q626 hole late, entered, and then a round-headed (Q?) bird left, meaning Q626 roosted in the nest.

22 April 1982 Gate prenesting 1635 9685 g 40 9685 g | 45 9685 g | 50 9685 9601 537 (Rd 3) g | 55 " | 1700 05 all 5 g | 9685 g | 9601 SH | 10 core 3 9685 g | 9601 SH | 15 " | 20 all 5 g 9685 g | 25 core 3 g 30 core 3 g | 35 " 9685 g | 40 Core 3 CF | 9685 g | 45 9685 g | both 8♂ follow 9519, both 8♂ FTF 601 11 627 NAF 9519 11 627 NAF 9685, both 8♂ NAF 9685 1 23 April 1982 1105 nobody 10 " 15 " 20 25 30 core 3 g | 35 core 3 g | 40 ? 45 ? 50 ? 55 core 3 g ↓ ? 1220 core 3 NAF 9685 g | 25 " | 30 " | 35 " | 627 NAF 9519 1 both 8♂ follow 9519 1111 FTF 9601 1 627 NAF 9519 1 626 NAF 9519 1 9601 1 27 April 1982 0745 core 3 g | 0750 core 3 nest hole | 0755 " " | 0800 " " | 05 " | 10 core 3 15 core 3 9601 g | 20 core 3 g | 25 core 3 g | 30 nobody 35 core 3 g | core 3 g | 40 [illegible] core 3 g | 45 nobody 0850 nobody 55 " 0900 1,

1982 R.C. Munne 4a Melanerpes formicivorus Gate Nest Record 25 April Opened the 1981 hole, 1300: No eggs 29 April Opened the hole, 1630 3 eggs Eggs marked 1-3: Adults incubating 3 May Opened hole, 1030 4 eggs ① 25.3 x 18.1 ② 25.7 x 18.8 ③ 26.0 x 18.9 ④ 25.2 x 19.1 laid after 29 April Laid 0-0-before 29 April 16 May Chocked hole, 1800 4 healthy nestlings (→788) (→789) (→790) (→791) ① ② ③ ④ B/K-LBlue LBlue-DBlue LBlue-Red NB 26.0g 25.0g 24.5g 18.0g 1 day wt 71.0g 79.0g 78.0g 67.0g 1500 wig 80 80 74 59 crown 1 2 3 4 Banded and bled all 4 nestlings, now juvs. 788-799.

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanopipes formicivorus Gate 20 May Roosting again, and again at 0730 a bird that I was fairly sure had a metal band on the right leg roosted, meaning 0626 roosted. 21 May Roosting: This time I watched from the other side of the hole, and I'm fairly sure that I was able to make out Light/Dark/Metal on the left, meaning 0627 roosted! 7 June Counted stores, 0945: 70 TOTAL 18 June Group update ** ① 9686 disappeared 22 March ± 2 weeks Last seen on 4 March, certainly gone by 12 April ② 9601 returned to Gate 24 March 1982 ± 1 week ③ 9601 moved back to 1500 8 May 1982 ± 1 week (see 1500 notes for details) 23 June Watching for juvenile dominance here, 091S. 0930, dominance! J791 Dorn-or in the top of the granary, pecked hard on the head several times by a Juvenile that I believe was J789 M/ (The juvenile dominant was definitely not J788 wht-lBlue/Blt-lBlue m / lbt-lBlue, who was in view elsewhere. 9519, 9685 also seen, 0627 too. 1055 More dominance! 790 Red/m and 789 together w/adult on top of granary, 790 pecks hard at 789, 789 hitches under branch for 30sec. Then 789 moves to top of branch, and 790 pecks at 789 again. Very good! Not a bad start, but still a lot to be done. End 1105.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Gate 24 June Trying here again 0945: Good! 1030, One of the acornless storage limbs, J789 + J788 together without adult, 789 Grn-BLK/Yellow pecked hard at the head of 788 M/unt-LBlue! Also, 1115. J791 and 788 at the top of the gra-ry, 791 hitches down the limb and really wallops the head of 788! A pause of ~30sec, then 791 hits 788 hard again. Very good. Also, a complete census. 25 June Excellent Juv. watch here, 0700-0900, including 6 independent cases of J790 pecking J788, (hard), 1 more case of 790 pecking hard at 789, and 1 case of 789 pecking at 788. See reverse 28 June Watching here, 1550: Nothing at all. End 1745. 1 July Once more, 0900: Misty, foggy, cool morning. 1022, Just as I'm about to give up, success! J790, J791, 627 together on one of the vertical storage limbs. J790 Red/M above (with 627), J791 below Four separate times J790 came down the limb and pecked hard at the head of J791. Great! That was the last dominance interaction I needed to see. End 1030. 18 Aug Counted stores, 0845: O TOTAL. Also saw 9519, 627, 9685, J788 in passing. 4 Oct After a slow start, a good watch here: 626, 627, 9519 9685, and all 4 juveniles seen upon the side of School Hill. 1415-1700. Juveniles 788, 789 + 791 seem to be 4th molting to F plume, while J790 is a sure M.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Warp 5 4 March Walked up here with Alan to set up the blind to let Alan watch here at a later date. Birds are doing OK, acorn wise. 28 April 1300, I find nobody looking out of either of the two holes that I know about here. I flush 2 birds from the Valley Oak granary-nest tree as I walk up. Still plenty of acorns stored here (well, a fair number anyway). 16 May About 0900-1000 I wander all around here, check the holes for birds looking out, watch the birds, and find no nest. Seems like they should have one, even though only about 50 acorns remain in the storage limbs. 18 May Trying the same thing here, from PO hill, 0800-0930. Nothing! I'm starting to think Warp 5 just does not have a nest. I didn't see any birds carrying food anywhere, or flying to any holes that I knew about. However, it seemed like there was a fair amount of internal conflict in the group, one member occasionally being chased. I saw 5 birds together at one time, so perhaps there is a new ♀ that has displeased the 2 helper ♂♂? I will have to take a blind up and watch from above the granary to figure it out! 27 May Another look at the holes, 1145, Still nobody. I'll have to let Alan try to watch here 17 June Watching from the blind up here, 0915. Alan has watched here recently and has reported the absence of 9629, Leading me to think that with 3 ♀ helpers here (Alan has seen 702, 703, +704), Warp 5 may be suffering from "Finch Syndrome"

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1982 R. C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Warp 5 (17 June) 1115, looks like ♀629 is gone. Saw ♂528 m/♀703 Yellow/Mauve ♀704 Lpink-Orn/m for sure, and possibly ♂636 Orn/m, but I wasn't sure. Saw nobody carry food anywhere. Most of the time I could see the birds hanging out on the Valhalla-Warp 5 ridge (above the Black Oak nest tree). 4 Oct On the side of School Hill above the gate I find two Warp 5 birds: ♀703 Yel/Mauve and ♀704 Lpink/Black chasing & being chased by Gate birds in the same area. Also saw a ♀NB in the area briefly! Was she a straggler, or perhaps a new ♀ at Warp 5?

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1982 R.C. Manne Melanerpes formicivorus Pipeline 27 oct Hallelujah!! At long last, PIPELINE IS OCCUPIED! Passing by at 1100, I find 3 birds in the granary. One is DBlue / wht, formerly of Plague! A good 1 mile disposal for a ♂, yet, may be close to a record. One of the two others was, as expected, ♀704 UPN-D6rn/M I suspect the third bird was ♀703. These two warp 5 ♀♀ had been seen here, off t or, for some weeks now. The clincher today is that there are stored acorns here (~20) Also heard the 3 birds waka to each other. 1130, confirm ♀703 Yellow/Mauve Saw ♀704 store an acorn, all she and ♂660 pecked into the roost hole in the granary. Great!! Its official! 1140, Also, in the top, dead stub of a sycamore, 20 m fresh Not of the granary along the creek, is a hole that appears to be under construction. A bit earlier I saw ♂660 fly to the granary from that direction with a mouth full of sawdust. Hole is certainly accessible by extension ladder, possibly by tree climbing.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 Hastings Reservation 12 Jan * GROUP UPDATE * ① J673 disappeared 1 Sept ± 1 month Last seen 5 Aug 1981. Missing 16 Sept, 1 Oct, and certainly gone by 6 + 16 Oct 1981. 19 Jan 1050, Showing Alan around, a quick look here. ♂486, ♀383, ♀269, ♂577 all seen very well. It looks like a bit of storing action may be going on here, still. End 1115. 23 Jan Granary census, 1040-1240, on back Good census! ♂486, ♀269, ♀383, ♂294, ♂578, ♂579, ♂580 all seen well, Only ♂577, who was here 19 Jan, and ♂672, who may well be kaput, not seen. Some storing, Still: 4 acorns stored in the 2 hours, 7 Feb Sample of ~ 35 acorns taken from the 1º granary and replaced with a roughly equivalent # of my own. 8 Feb Counted stores, 1300: Valley Oak 2000 Sycamore 1120 3120 TOTAL. 19 Feb Granary census 0855-1055. A very good watch here. colour /Blue-T (M) The big surprise proved to be seeing ♂672 Blue/Tail(M) who hadn't been around (not seen since late October, as a matter of fact). Only ♀578 missed: ♂486, ♂294, ♀269, ♀383, ♂577, 579, 580, 672 all see well. No storing, but a good bit of granary defense 21 Feb Another granary census, 1400-1600. Very slow. Warm + sunny at first, but overcast w/cool wind from 1520 on. Core 4, ♂579+580 only birds around. Whoops, ♀578, ♂577 late.

23 Jan 1982 Rd 1 granary census 1040-1240 1040 nobody 1045 11 1050 8294 8269 10 55 8383 20 ws 1100 nobody 05 " 10 " 15 " 20 8486 8269 10 25 8269 (10) 30 nobody 35 " 40 8580 8269 10 ws 1145 8269 10 ws 1095 50 8269 10 ws 55 8269 10 ws 1200 8269 10 05 nobody 10 " 15 8269 10 20 nobody 25 " 30 8383 10| 8269 20 ws 35 8269 8383 20g | ws 40 8269 20 defense 1230 8269 Badtail 1 Storage 8580 11 (2) 8269 11 (2) 8383 1 (1) 5 2.5/hr 19 Feb 1982 Rd 1 granary (4-1us) 0855-1055 defense 0855 8269 Titmouse 0900 8269 383 8577, 579 580 10 | 8486 20 05 8580 EA ', 10| 8579 20 10 nobody 15 8383 10 EA | 20 8383 20| 25 8383 20| 30 8383 8269 20| 35 8269 10 | 8580 | 8672 ws 20 40 8383 10 EA | 8672, 8580 ws | 8577 20 45 nobody 50 8672 EA , 8383 10 55 8577 10 | 8580 10| 8486 20 1000 8383 8486 10 05 8383 ws , 8269 EA 10 | 8486 20 10 8383 ws, 8269 10 | 8486 20 15 nobody 10 | 8269, 8486 20 20 nobody 25 8577, 8580 EA 10 | 8579 MA 20 8269 20 no storing 1030 8269 10 | 8579 580 2 35 8383 10 | 8580 20 40 8383 8269 10 | 8580 20 45 8383 10 ws | 50 8577 10 | 8269 8486 20 55 8269 20 | nobody 10 0940 8579 (Jay) Sun 0949 8269 Aw? 1000 8486 Titmouse 21 Feb 1982 Road 1 1400-1600 Storage 1400 nobody 05 " 10 8269 20 15 8269 20 20 8269 WH 20 25 8269 WH 20 30 8269 WH 20 35 8269 8383 8579 20 | WH 40 8269 ws 20 45 8269 ws 20 50 nobody 55 nobody 1500 8269 ws 20 05 8269 20 10 8269 20 15 8269 20 20 nobody 25 8383 20 MA 30 nobody 35 8383 20 1540 8383 chattes to 8269 0-20 granary !

1982 R.C. Munro Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 22 Feb Slow granary watch here, 1055-1255. A few acorns stored, a bit of defense. Only ♀ 269, 383, ♂ 486, 577, 580, 672 seen. 24 Feb Moderately slow census here, but I did pull out a complete census. All the above birds, plus ♂ 214, ♂ 579, ♀ 578. Nothing really noteworthy, although ♀ 383 had me worried for a while; I didn't see her until late, unusual for her. 25 Feb Another granary watch, the final of the 6 planned. ♀ 269 was nearly always around today, but the other group members weren't particularly active. I'm still wondering if my presence disturbs some of these poor birds, especially ♂ 294. But it's too late now. I certainly don't seem to bother ♀ 269 et al. I missed ♀ 578, but otherwise a complete census. 28 March Counted stores, 1415: Main granary (VO) 1300 2° granary (sycamore) 1190 TOTAL 2490 Also, when I walked up a bird (♂ I believe) was looking out of the hole (in the Black Oak) just below last year's nest hole. Obviously it is in pretty good shape. I will have to check it out (+ open it) soon. While counting the 2° granary, I see ♀ 383, ♀ 269, ♀ 578, ♂ 579, ♂ 577, ♂ 580. Didn't see that ♂ 486 was hot on ♀ 269's tail yet, but I should watch here soon. 30 March Watching from PO Hill, 1020: 1130, Pretty slow. Trying to see if ♂ 486 is guarding ♀ 269 yet, but I wasn't able to convince myself

22 Feb 1982 Road 1 granary census 1055 - 1255 1055 nobody 1100 $269 ws 2° 05 nobody 10 $383 SA 10 15 $383 2° 20 nobody 25 " 30 $269 2° MA 35 $269 10 MA | $486 $580 2° 40 $383 WH $577 MA 2° 45 $383 WH, $577 2° 50 nobody 55 " 1200 nobody 05 " 10 $580 ws 2° 15 $269 1° 20 nobody 25 $577 ws 2° 30 nobody 35 " 40 " 45 " 50 $269 2° 55 nobody defense 1110 $383 Sunday 1 1135 $269 AW? 3 1213 $269 Saturday 2 1sthr 2nd Storage : $383: 1 $577: 1 $580: 1 $672: 1 24 Feb 1982 Road 1 1425 - 1625 1425 $578 2° ws 30 $269 2° 35 nobody 40 " 45 $269 ws $486 2° 50 $269 EA 2° 55 nobody 1500 " 05 $486 2° MA SA 10 $269 $579 $672 WS 2% 15 $269 $580 WH 2° WH 20 $269 2° WS 25 nobody 30 " 1535 nobody 40 " 45 " 50 " 55 $580 ws $269 ws 2° 1600 $580 $486 WH, $269 MA 2° 05 $383 SA $269 MA 2° 10 $269 $580 1° 15 $269 1° 20 nobody 25 " Storage $577 | 1 | 1 $486 | 1 $579 | 1 $672 | 1 $383 | 1 $269 | 1 defense 1610 $269 BT Pigeon ( 25 Feb 1982 Road 1 0820 - 1020 0820 nobody 25 " 30 $269 MA 1° | $383 2° 35 $269 1° 40 $269 1° 45 $269 1° 50 $269 1° | $383 ws 2° 55 $269 1° | $383 2° 0900 $269 ws 1° | 05 $269 ws 1° | 10 nobody- 15 $269 $383 1° | $486 2° 20 $269 $672 1° | $577 2° 0925 $269 $383 ws | $672 1° 30 $269 $672 | $383 ws 1° 35 $269 1° | $580 ws 2° 40 $269 1° 45 $269 1° 50 $269 1° MA 55 $579 1° WS 1000 $579 1° 05 $269 ws $383 2° 10 $269 2° 15 $269 ws 1° 20 $269 2° defense 0832 $269 Titmouse 2 | 1 0836 $269 " | 1 0946 $269 " | 1 0915 ? AW? 2 0920 $269 Titmouse 1 100 2 ? AW? 3 Storage $269 | 1

1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road I (30 March) either way, although it didn't appear so: 8486, 9383 9269, 8577, 9578 all seen. Also saw a bird briefly enter the 1981 nest hole, not the new one underneath it. Will have to get both of them ready. 1 April Hawkway opened up the new Black Oak hole, but it began to rain like hell before I could finish. Patched up the saw marks with DAE 2 April Watching from PO Hill, 0815. Still doesn't seem like anything serious here yet, but I am getting a suggestion that 8486 is starting (although not fully) to guard 9269. Will have to watch from a blind here, above the granary. Only once did a bird visit a hole. I think it was 8486, who looked into the 1981 hole, not the new hole 4 April Watching 0815, from blind above granary. It looks like ♀-guarding has begun! I saw 4 nice cases of 8486 following 9269. No action at the holes, but that may have been because a in Red-tailed Hawk sat in the Black Oak from 0830-0920. Also, a bit more dominance: In the 1º granary, 9383 chattered to 9269 again! Also, I saw 8580 chatter to 8577. Dom → 5 April Watching from PO Hill, 0900. 1000, Mate guarding is definitely on! 8486 followed 9269 at least 10 times, and never failed to follow. Also, about 6 points the two were within 15 m, never far apart. However, No real interest in any holes! 8486 peeked into the new hole once, but that was all. Birds were haying out a lot in the clearing 50m W of the granary. Will check there for holes. 1020, in a decaying Black Oak there is One shitty hole, but nothing promising

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1982 R.L. Mumme 4 Melanerpes formicivorus Road ! 6 April 1120, Trying again from PO Hill. 1220, I'm becoming convinced that these guys aren't going to lay in the next few days, at least. 3486 is following 9269 everywhere, as usual, but they never seem to go into any holes. Although 3486 pecked into the "new" hole, The rest of the time the couple spent either in the granary or in several different trees above the granary, near Valhalla. 11 April Watching from PO Hill 1000: As soon as I sit down, I see a fairly regular stream of birds entering or looking into the 1981 nesthole (not the new hole) in the Black Oak. 9269 (escorted by 3486) entered at least once, as did 9383. 9580 9578 - perhaps others also "visited" (looked in). Looks like that could be the choice of holes 12 April Alan watched here today and saw a couple of birds look at the 81 hole, but nobody went in. Nonetheless, at 1445 I climb up to the hole, change the nails, re-open, re-dap, etc. 13 April Watching holes from blind, 0620. A bit of guarding data also recorded (see back). No interest in the holes, other than 3486 & 9383 looking in briefly each at 0745. End watch at 0800 16 April Watching from the open spot, 1610, looking to see how hard granary Q-guarding data will be to come by. Not too bad, is my guess. A bit of data on backs. See reverse. Complete census except 9294 20 April 0610, watching nest hole from blind. 0745, Nothing. 0845, Now I'm upon PO Hill, trying to see it

Road 1 Pre nesting 13 April 1982 0630- 0800 0630 ♂486 ♀269 ♂577 1° | 35 ♀383, ♂? 1° 40 ♀383 1° | 45 ♀383 1° | ♂486 follows ♀269 | 50 ♀269 ♂486 1° 0705 ♀269 ♀383 ♂486 1° ♂486 FTF ♀383 | 10 ♂486 ♀269 ♀383 1° | : 30 ♀269 ♂486 1° 50 ♀269 ♂486 1° 0800 End watch 16 April 1982 1610- WTA 1640 1610 ♂579 1° | 1615 ♂486 ♀269 ♂672 1° | ♂579 2° ♂579 MAF ♀269 | 1620 ♀269 ♂486 ♂577 ♂? 1° | ♂577 FTF ♀383 || ♂? ♂672 2°g | ♂579 F ♀383 | 1625 ♂486 ♀269 ♂580 ♂577 ♂672 1° ♀383 2°} 1630 ♀269 ♂486 Creek | ♀383 2° | ♂672 ♂577 1° | ♂577 FTF ♀269 | 1635 ♂577 2° | ♂486 F ♀269 | 1640 nobody ♂577 MAF ♀578 |

1982 R.C. Mumme 5 Melanerpes fornicivorus Road I (20 April) these birds are interested in any other holes. 0945. Doesn't seem like it. ♀269 took a peek at the new hole briefly, and ♂383 entered the 81 hole for about 15 sec, but that was it. Looks like birds may be sapsucking already from the Live Oaks below the granary. ♂486 still definitely following ♀269. 22 April Watching from PO Hill, 1100. 1200, Nobody has so much as looked at a hole, but ♂486 is still definitely following ♀269 around (at least 4 good follows) Lots of Flycatching in the granary, but the birds gave no impression of being interested in a hole elsewhere 25 April 061C, watching holes from blind. Yesterday from PO Hill I watched 0930-1100, and saw a startling invasion: One was persistently in or hanging around the 1981 nest hole, and although the woodpeckers were scolding him vigorously, they didn't seem to be having a great deal of success chasing him out. At least the AW were still interested in the hole. 1000, well, we live + learn. Watching today I became convinced that ♂486 was no longer following ♀269. Sure enough, I look around + eventually flash a bird out of the lowest hole in the 2° granary, the only hole invisible from both Poison Oak Hill and the usual spot above the granary. I climb up (pretty easy) and find 6 EGGS! Shit! we blew it. I open the hole, but eggs neither marked nor measured, Maybe I'll take the clutch and let them do it Over.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 26 April Peeped in, 1600: 8 eggs, so both 99 are definitely laying. I have decided to take the clutch when its complete, and let these birds nest again. 28 April As promised, 1400 I remove all 8 eggs from the nest, See nest record for details, 1 May 0800 - 0900, First watch here after clutch removal, from PO Hill. Several interesting developments: ① 7486 appears to be following 9269 again: It good sign! It could mean renesting fairly soon. ② Birds shopping around for various holes. The leading candidate appears to be the new black oak hole just below the 1981 nest hole. 9269 went into that hole for ~5 min, with 7486 looking in most of that time. 7486 also entered after she left, which may mean that he's not totally serious about following her yet. Also, I saw who I thought was 9383 what looked like enter the '81 hole briefly and fly out with a piece of Starling wing (?)! Could they have killed the Starling in the hole? Will check it tomorrow. 7486 also went into the 81 hole for a few seconds, but left with nothing. Also, 9269 made a brief entrance into the middle of the 3 holes in the dead stub of the Valley Oak above the Black Oak. Will keep an eye on it. Tomorrow I'll watch from the blind ad from the road (to keep an eye on the 2°g holes). → ③ Also, note that 9578 has won a power struggle at Blom 2, and has apparently moved there. See Alan's notes.

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 Nest Record 25 April Found surprise nest in Sycamore (not marked or measured) 2° granary: Opened 1000 6 eggs 26 April Peeped in, 1600 8 eggs 28 April Climbed up to the hole, REMOVED ALL 8 eggs, 1400 We are going to make this group renest! Eggs measured: 25.6 x 20.4 25.0 x 21.0 25.9 x 20.3 25.4 x 21.1 26.2 x 20.3 25.2 x 21.3 ?269? → 25.8 x 20.0 24.4 x 19.5 ?383? (Looks like a 5-3 skew again) 7 May New nest in 1981 hole. (later tossed by ?383) 0720, egg ① 24.5 x 18.5 (?269?) 8 May Two new eggs, 0745 ① 28.2 x 20.0 (?269?) (both thrown out: see notes) ② 22.3 x 18.0 (?383?) 9 May Two new eggs, 0745 ① 25.4 x 20.8 (?383?) 22 May hatched ② 26.0 x 20.4 (?269?) 22 May hatched 10 May Checked hole, 1245 ③ 27.1 x 20.3 (?269?) 22 May hatched 2 new eggs ④ 25.4 x 21.4 (?383?) 22 May hatched 11 May Checked hole, 1315 ⑤ 26.5 x 19.8 (?269?) 23 May hatched 2 new eggs, 6 total ⑥ 25.7 x 21.2 (?383?) did not hatch did not hatch 12 May 1745, 7 eggs total ⑦ 25.6 x 21.0 (?383?) 13 May 1400, Still 7 eggs 22 May 1630: 3 eggs (⑤⑥⑦) + 4 nestlings (from eggs ①-④). 23 May 1600 2 eggs (⑥⑦) + 5 nestlings (from eggs ①-⑤)

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 Nest Record (cont) 27 May 1100, Nest check 5 babies, 2 unhatched eggs from eggs (1-4) from egg (5) 804 DGrn 805 806 807 ① BlkRed ② LPink-BLK ③ DGrn ④ Rel-wht ⑤ NB 25.0g 25.8g 24.5g 19.0g 17.5g 13Ju-c wt 83.0g 88.0g 83.0g 76.0g gone 1330 wing 81 84 90 79 crown 2 3 1 4 seq

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1982 R.L. Marime 7 Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 4 May Watching from PO till 0630. Yesterday I watched from the blind and saw 9383 remove woodchips from the new Black-oak hole. Today, 9383 does it again, and 9269 looks into the '81 hole, but that's all. 6 May Watching from PO Hill while Alan watches from hide. Looks like it should be soon. 9269 spent 20 min in the 1981 nest hole, 0600-0620, and 9383 spent about 10 min, 0700-0710, I checked the hole at 0810, no eggs. But it should be soon. 7 May It is soon. 1 egg laid today: Things are a bit confusing as 9383 was in the '81 hole between about 0547 and 0605, and 9269 was in between about 0640 and 0705. Checked the hole 0720 found 1 egg, 24.5 x 18.5. I strongly suspect 9269, because ① 9383's visit to the hole was a bit early for egg laying, while 9269's was right on schedule ② Egg size definitely suggests 9269: long oval, not nearly circular like 9383's usual eggs Also, if 9383 laid first, I would have suspected 9269 to have thrown out the egg. She was also in the hole for a few minutes at 0712, but did not leave the egg. Alan is watching the hole right now to see what 9383 does, so stay tuned. End 0750. See Alan's Yeah! notes for details on egg-laying times. 1000 Good news! 9383 carried the egg out about 0918, carried to the 1°g, then the 2°g where it was eaten by 9383 9? 269, and ?672! See Alan's notes for details.

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{ "text": "1982 R.C. Manne\n\nMelanerpes formicivorus\n\nRoad 1\n\n9 May Checked hole, 0745, after Alan had been watching here.\nSee his notes for details. Anyway, 2 new eggs, marked\n+ measured. Hopefully it is indeed over here.\n\n10 May 2 more eggs: See nest record.\n\n11 May ... ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes fornicivorus Road 1 6 June Watched roosting here, and saw definite M/ on the left leg as the bird went into the nest hole, meaning ♂486 roosted 7 June Counted stores, 0830 Valley Oak (1°g) 510 Sycamore (2°g) 5 TOTAL 515 8 June Roosting again. A ♂ was in the hole looking out when I arrived, but the head shape + pattern indicated ♂486 roosted 13 June Banded 4 Nestlings, 1330: The "funt" from egg (5) had disappeared (2° feathers, sheathed, found under hole, so his death/ejection/whatever probably occurred recently. Anyway, this means that the skucin nestlings banded is zero: 2-2! 18 June **GROUP UPDATE** ① ♂578 moved to Blom 2 25 April 1982 Last seen at Road 1 23 April, at Blom 2 25 April 4 July After thought on disappearance of the fifth nestling (see 18 June notes). My bet is that the nestling just plain fell out of the nest. See 1500, Dark Hollow notes 18 Aug Counted stores, 0930 Valley Oak 40 Sycamore 0 TOTAL 40 23 Aug **GROUP UPDATE** ① ♂578 Returned to Road 1 18 June ± 5 days See Blom 2 notes ② J805, J807 NSA B 13 June Not seen After Banding

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1982 R.C. Mamm Melanerpes formicivorus Road I 27 Oct Good granary census here. All Birds seen, lots of storing. First half of the watch, nearly all the activity was in the 2°g, second half the 10. ♂294 made a very good showing today, probably because I was using a blind. I think he's bothered by me if I don't. 30 Oct Rainy afternoon, but a good granary census anyway. See back. All birds seen, and a fair amount of acorn storing. 31 Oct Granary census, Pretty slow, despite warm, sunny AM. Just a little acorn storing 1025 ♀269 MA 2°| 30 ♀269 98045A 10 | ♂579 ♂580 WH 2° 35 ♀383 WH 2° | 40 ♀383 ♂579 20 | 45 ♀383 WH ♂579 2° | 50 ♀383 ♂574 2° | 55 " " | 1100 ♀269 SA 2°| 05 ♀383 ♀269 EA 10 | 10 ♂576 ♀269 ♀383 10 | 15 ♂294 20 | ♀269 ♀383 ♂578 10 | 20 ♀383 ♀269 ♂578 10 | 25 ♀383 ♂578 WH 10 | ♂579 2° | 30 ♀383 WH ♀269 10 | ♂579 WH 2° | 35 ♀383 " " 11 | 40 ♀294-A ♀383 10 | ♂579 WH 2° | 45 ♂579 WH 2° | ♂672 WH 2° | 50 ♂579 WH 2° | ♂672 2° | 55 ♂579 ♂672 WH 2° | ♂294 WH 2° | ♂578 10 WH 1200 ♂578 1°WH | ♂672 2°WH ♀294 2°WS 05 ♂294 ♂672 2° WH | 10 ♂294 WH 2° | 15 ♂294 2° | 20 nobody 25 ♀383 SA 2° | Storage u.k. 1 : ♀383 | ♂579 11 | ♂580 1 | ♀269 11 | ♀578 1 | ♂294 1 | (10) (11) Defeater 1110 ♂578 Plaintiff |

27 Oct 1982 Road 1 Grana-y (e-sus) 0840-1040 0840 9383 WH 2° | nobody 1° 45 9383 WH, 8486, 9269, 9578 2° | 50 9383 WH 2° | 9269 2° 55 9804 WH 2° | 0900 8672 SA 2° | 05 8672 SA 9383 9578 WH 2° | 10 9804 SA 2° | 15 9804 SA 9269 SA 2° | 20 9383 1° | 25 9804 WS 2° | 9269, 9383 8672, 8580 | 8579, 9578 WS 1° 30 8580 8486 2° | 9804 8672 9383 1° 35 8486 2° | 8294 8580 1° WS 40 9578 1° | nobody 2° storage 1sthr- 2ndhr ④ | 8486 1II ; 1 ⑦ | 9578 1II ; III ⑥ | 9269 4H ; 1 ④ | 9383 1I ; 1I ⑧ | 8672 1III ; 1 ⑨ | 8579 1III ; 4H 1 ⑨ | 8294 1II ; 4H 1 ③ | 9804 1I ; 1II ⑥ | 8580 1II ; 1II ② | unk 1I ; ③5 ②3 TOTAL 58 (29/hr-) 30 Oct 1982 Road 1 1415-1615 1415 9269 WH 2° | 20 9269 WH 2° | 25 9269 8580 SA 1° | 8672 SA 2° 30 8579 SA 2° | 9269 SA 1° 35 9269 9383 1° | 8294 WH 2° 40 9269 8672 1° | 8294 8486 8579 WS 2° 45 9383 9804 8294 8579 2° WS, 8486 2° | 9269 8672 1° 3 8580 1° WS 50 9269 8672 1° | 9383 9804 8486 2° | 8294 2° WS 55 nobody 1500 9383 2° WH 05 9383 2° WH 10 8294 9383 8580 8486 WS 2° 15 8294 9383 8580 8486 2° (nothing) storage 9269 1II ; 1 9383 4H ; 1 8580 1I ; 1 8672 1II ; 1 8486 1 ; 1 8579 1I ; 1 8294 1 ; 1 9804 1 ; 1 9578 1I ; 1 ②7 13.5 / hr. 0945 9578 8672 1° | 50 8580 SA 9578 WH 8672 1° | 55 8486 8580 WH | 8294 SA 1° | 1000 8294 MA, 8486 8579 WH, 8580 1° | 05 9578 MA | 9269 8672 SA | 8579 WS all 1° 10 8579 MA | 9578 WS 8294 SA all 1° (nobody) 15 8294 SA 8486 WA 9578 WS 8579 WS all 1° 20 8294 8580 8672 SA 1° | 25 9383 WS 8486 WS | 8579 8580 SA 1° 30 8294 SA 8578 WH | 8672 9804 all 1° 35 9383 9578 8580 SA 1° | 8579 8672 WS 84 40 9578 WH 8580 1° | 8579 WS 3° defects 0848 9269 7:1+ 1 9120 9383 Au? 3 0930 9383 W. damage (| 9578 1 1526 8294 8486 9383 8580 2° WS 25 8580 9269 9383 8294 WS 2° 30 8580 WS 2° | 9383 1° 35 8486 8294 8580 9383 9804 2° WS | 40 9578 SA 8672 8486 8580 WH, 8294 2° | 9383 1°E, 45 8294 WH 1° | 9578 8486 8579 50 8294 WS 9383 WH 9269 WH 1° | 8486 8579 9578 WH 2° 55 9269 8294 WS 1° | 8672 8486 8579 WH 2° 1600 8294 WS 1° | nobody 2° | 8672 1° 05 9383 SA 9804 EA 1° | 8294 WH 2° 10 9383 WS 9804 1° | 8294 WH 2° 15 8672 9804 WS 1° | 8294 WH 2°

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29 November 1982 Road | granary Census 1055 9269 EA 2° 1100 9269 2° 05 9269| 9294 9383 WH 2° 10 nobody 15 " 20 " 25 " 30 9580 9578 9383 WH 2°/ 9486 WS 10 35 9580 9578 9269 9294 WH 2°| 9383 1° 40 9580 9578 9269 9294 WH 9579 MA 2°| 9383 1° 45 9578 9579 9294 WH 9269 9580 2° | 9383 1° 50 "" 9269 WH 9580 2°| 9804 EA 9383 1° 55 9578 9580 9269 WH 2° | [illegible] 10 nobody 1200 9578 9672 1°| 9486 9269 WH 2°, 9804 2° 05 "" | 9294 9269 WH 2° 10 9580 SA 1° | [illegible] 9383 9578 WH 2° 9804 WH 15 nobody 1° | 9383 WH 2° 20 9578 SA 1°| 9269 SA 2° 23 9579 1° SA 9578 1° SA | nobody 2° 30 nobody 1° | 9294 WH 9578 EA 2° 35 "" "" | 9294 9383 9580 WH 2° 40 9383 SA 1°| 9580 WH 2° 45 9486 9269 SA 1°| 9580 WH 2° 50 9578 WH 1° | nobody 2° 55 9578 WH 1° | "" ) Storage (all 2nd hour) ④ 9580 III ⑫ 9383 WH WH II ⑦ 9269 WH II ⑤ 9578 HH ① 9294 I ⑤ 9579 HHT ⑤ 9486 HHT defense 1245 9486 Plain Tit | 1254 9578 "") (39) 2 Dec 1405-1605 1405 9269 9383 SA 2° 10 nobody 15 " 20 9579 WH 2° 25 9486 WH 2° 30 nobody 35 " 40 9383 WH 2° 45 9383 MA 2° 50 nobody 55 9579 WH 2° 1500 "" "" 05 nobody 10 " 15 9269 9383 9578 9294 WH 2° 20 9486 WH 2° 25 9580 SA 1°| 9383 9578 SA 2° 9486 WH 2° 9269 SA 2° 30 9383 WH 1°| 9486 9269 9580 9294 WH 2° 35 9383 9580 WH 10 | 9269 9486 9294 WH 2° 40 9383 9580 1° | 9486 9294 WH 2° 9269 2° 45 [illegible] 9580 1°| 9269 WH 9294 MA 2° 50 9580 1° | 9269 9486 2° 55 "" 1° | "" 2° 1600 II | 9269 2° 05 nobody 1° | 9804 MA 2° Storage 9269 I : III 9383 II : II 9579 II 9578 II : I 9580 I 9486 I 9294 II 9672 I (8) (10) don! 9294 > 9580 chattles + pecky

1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Finch Hastings Reservation 19 Jan Looking here with Alan, 1120, Birds still storing Live Oak acorns in the Valley Oak. At least 3-4 stored in the 15 min we watched. Only ♂66 and ♂63 seen well. At least 19 around.

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1982 R.L. Murme Melanerpes formicivorus Finch 7 Feb Took a sample of about 25 acorns from a low limb in the Valley Oak grove. All appeared to be Live Oak. Replaced them with a roughly equivalent number of my own. 8 Feb Counted stores, 1400: Valley Oak 480 Misc. limbs 125 Sycamore 670 1275 TOTAL 24 Feb A quick look here, 1415, it appears to be status quo. No "breeding" ♀ hose yet, anyway. In a quick watch, I spotted ♂63, ♂66, ♂282, ♂540, ♀541, ♀543, ♀614, ♂616. Only ♂501, ♂542, ♂613 not seen, but I'm sure one or more of them are still around. 29 March Counted stores, 1650: Valley Oak 665 Misc. limbs 80 Sycamore 455 1200 TOTAL Many birds (~10) were in the sycamore as I drove up, all Karriting (also saw a bit of aggression, I do believe), making me believe that the long-awaited power struggle was finally in progress here. However, everybody flew off toward the Flycatching Black-Yellow/Mauve Valley Oak, and the only bird I DID did was ♀541 16 April Uh-oh! At 1550, I find a ♂ looking out (and sitting tight) in the 1980 nest hole. No need to panic yet, but it will require some worry + further checking

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Finch 18 April Back by at 1750, Nobody in the 1980 hole this time. 24 April A quick watch here, 1500-1530. Obviously status quo. ♂66, ♂282, ♂501, ♂540, ♂541, ♂542, ♂543, ♀614, ♂616 all see well. No sign of a new ♀ No interest in any holes. 4 May Pa- reports ♂542 near Blom 1, Flying Toward Corral Viejo. 7 May Sitting in the truck here, I see a bird make a very brief entrance into a hole at the top of the sycamore hole stub. Doesn't look serious, but I will have to be alert here. 27 May Whoa, as I drive up here at 1030, 2 birds were in the 1980 nest hole. One flew out, but the other stayed in and looked out, Back at 1155 for another look, I say "hello", and a bird looks out then flies off. If this keeps up I will have to check that hole. 29 May 1700, again a bird looking out of the 1980 nest hole. I return with Alan + the extension ladder at 1800. I climb up + find 4 eggs, 3 normal (see nest record) + I run, about 4-5 days incubated, I would guess, Which ♀ (or ♀♀) laid these? Alan watched here last week and saw only the 3 "helper" ♀♀, no new ♀ at all. We probably had rampant inbreeding, but there is no way we'll ever figure out who did what. Watching the nest will probably help, but I can't think of how it could completely resolve things.

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Finch Nest Record 29 May Surprise nest in old 1980 hole, checked 1800 eggs ~4-5 days 4 eggs marked + measured: ① 24.9 x 19.5 ② 18.7 x 15.0 (runt) did not hatch ③ 26.1 x 20.0 ④ 26.1 x 18.7 10 June 1130, Nest check →J816 →J817 ① Or-L Blue ② NB runt present, but 22.8 g 20.0 g no sign of third normal egg. 25 June at 83.0g 93.0 1445 wing 77 71 crown seq. 1 2 Banded both nestlings, how J817 & J816

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1982 N.L. Mumme 4B Melanerpes formicivorus Finch 7 June Counted stores, 0830: Valley Oaks 120 Odd branches 0 Sycamore 160 TOTAL 280 Nest is still active here. 10 June Checked the nest, 1130: Two healthy nestlings ~6 days old, an unhatched runt, and no sign of the third egg-or-baby. No obvious in breeding depression here, I'm afraid. Anyway 26 June would be a good day to band these birds. 25 June Banded the two young here, now Juvs 816 + 817. Both quite healthy. See nest record. 20 July Brief watch here, 0800-0845. Both juvies are here: J816 wht/DBlue-Green + J817 white-or/m or-wht/Orange, looking hale thrifty. ♂66, ♂282, ♂501, ♀541, ♂542 also seen. No juv dominance, but I did see ♂501 peck the daylight out of both babies. 26 July Watching for juv dominant, 0830. Wow, almost instant success! 0845 in the sycamore along the S side of the road, 50m upstream from the bridge, J816 wht/DBlue-Green gave two firm, separate pats (2 different instances). to J817 or-wht/or. Adults were present at first, but not during the second. 0950, again J816 pats J817, in sycamore, being fed by ♂66, 1000 end. Good watch! ♂63, ♂66, ♂282, ♂501, ♂540, ♀541, ♂542, ♀543, ♂613, ♀616, J816, J817 all seen well.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 12 Jan **GROUP UPDATE** ① ♂618 disappeared 20 Oct 1981 ± ½ day Present 19 Oct, absent 21 Oct+ thereafter 23 Jan Alan watched here with some success. See his notes 25 Jan Granary census, 1420-1620 Still a lot of live oak storing going on. I missed seeing ♂708, ♂709, ♀710. Alan saw 710 2 days ago, but he missed 705 & 709, too. Maybe they've dispersed. ♂144, ♀265, ♂668, ♂537, ♂654, ♂655, ♂656 all seen well. [illegible] 8 Feb Counted stores here, 1600: Valley Oak 760 Sycamore 1300 2060 TOTAL Also took a sample of ~35 acorns, which I replaced with a roughly equivalent # of my own. Acorns taken from the "crotch" of the sycamore 9 Feb Granary census, 0835 - 1035. Wow, a very impressive storing frenzy here, despite the late date. 45 acorns in the first hour, 58 in the first 75 minutes. All live oak acorns (of course) The birds appear to be harvesting them from a tree overhanging the road (from the PO Hill Side) about 50 M down the road from the granary. Twice (♀265 once, an unknown bird the 2nd time) I saw birds bring partially germinated acorns to the granary! The one that ♀265 had had a radicle about 2 cm long, the other was about 5 mm. Could the birds be getting some of these off the ground? Certainly not all

Rd 3 granary census 25 Jan 1982 1420-1620 1420 9265 8655 ws 25 9265 8184 ws (MA) 8654 ws 30 8654 SA 8656 9265 ws 35 8654 SA 8656 ws 9265 SA 40 9265/8656 ws 45 8537 8654 ws 50 nobody 55 9265 1500 8184 SA 868 9265 ws 05 868 ws 8184, 9265 8655 10 8184 8656 SA, 868 9265 ws 15 8537 8655 SA, 8654 SA, 8184 ws 'sun down' unk 20 8184 8654 ws 25 8184 ws, 8654 9265 30 11 35 11 40 8655 9265 8184 ws, 8656 868 45 868 9265 ws 50 868 8655 55 869 8184 1600 8537 868 ws, 8184 05 8537 8184 868 10 8537 868 8654 15 nobody 20 8184 EA 9 Feb 1982 Rd 3 0835-1035 extras, after census, Storage 0835 8184 8654 ws 40 9265 8655 45 9265 50 8537 ws SA 9265 ws 55 9265 868 ws, 8184 8537 SA 0900 9265 ws 05 nobody 10 8184 ws 9265 SA 15 8184 SA 9265 ws 20 8537 8654 9265 ws 25 868, 8654 ws 30 nobody 35 8184 ws 40 868 8184 ws 45 8537 869 8655 9710 9265 ws 50 nobody 55 9265 ws 1000 8537 ws 05 868 ws 10 nobody 15 8184 ws 20 868 SA 25 9265 8655 8184 ws 30 9265 8654 ws 35 9265 8184 Storage 11 868 III : III II 11 8537 III III : III III 11 8184 III III III 11 8655 I : III I 1 8654 III 1 8790 III III 11 unk III I : III III III 11 9265 III : III 45 62 0948 AW ? ? 3 defense 53.5/hr

1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes fornicivorus Road 3 (4 Feb) the acorns were coming from the ground. Several were brought in with caps, and ♂184 brought in one with foliage attached. Another ♂ helper is missing here. ♂656 not seen at all, and with all this activity, I should have seen him. Wow, last half hour, an incredible frenzy. I couldn't keep up with all the storing. This time birds were harvesting the acorns from trees either on PO hill or on the flat just N E of the granary. Birds were also storing a few acorns in the broken VU 20 M north of the main area. 1050, ± find the tree from which birds were gathering acorns earlier. On PO hill side of road, right next to road (and 2 small sycamores) 50 M down from granary area. Acorns visible in the tree, as well as a few on the ground. Anyway, ♂184, ♀265, ♂668, ♂537, ♂654, ♂7655, ♀710 all seen well + repeatedly. ♂656 missing. ♂708 + 709 definitely gone. 18 Feb Granary census, 1115 - 13/5. Just a couple of acorns stored, but a lot of action none the less. Birds moving across all around. Complete census, as on 9 Feb, but ♂656 is still here Birds are still interested in their new roost hole. 19 Feb Good watch. Almost complete census during another- granary census, 1415-1615. All but ♀710 here. A lot of action in the granary once again. Only 3 acorns stored, so they are definitely winding down as far as storing goes. [End of file]

18 Feb 1982 Rd 3 Granary census 1115-1315 1115 σ537 ws | 9265 | σ184 ws 20 σ68 MA | σ654 σ184 ws | σ655 MA 25 σ184 | 9655 σ537 ws | 30 σ69 ws | 9265 6655 35 σ69 EA | 9265 | 40 σ656 ws | σ68 ws | σ655 ws | σ184 ws 45 σ656, σ184 | σ69 ws 50 σ656 9265 EA | σ68 ws 55 σ537 σ184 ws | σ655 ws 1200 σ655 ws | σ184 ws | σ654 ws 05 σ654 σ655 ws | 10 9265 ws | σ654 ws 15 σ184 MA | σ655 20 σ68 9265 MA | 25 σ68 | σ654 σ655 ws | 30 σ654 ws | σ655 MA 35 σ654 σ655 40 σ68 ws | σ537 MA | σ654,σ655,σ656 45 σ68 wh | σ184 MA | Storage σ655 σ537 | | defense 1210 σ655 Stellic Jay | 1305 σ184 "" "" σ537 "" "" dom σ184 → σ656 ) 50 σ69 wh | 9265 | σ184 ws 55 9265 wh | σ655 SA | 1300 σ537 wh | 9265 σ68 ws | σ654 ws | 05 σ537 wh | 9265 σ68 ws | σ184 MA | σ655 10 σ68 MA | σ537 | 15 σ184 wh | σ654 ws | 19 Feb 1982 Rd 3 1415-1615 1415 nobody 20 σ537 σ68 ws 25 σ537 MA | σ68 ws 9265 ws 30 σ184 ws | 9265 MA, 35 9265 ws | σ184 EA | 40 σ537 9265 MA | σ655 σ656 45 σ537 σ184 wh | σ69 MA 50 σ68 9265 ws | σ654 55 9265 σ184 σ68 ws | σ537MA|σ654 wh | 1500 9265 σ184 σ68 σ537 σ654 all ws | 05 σ68 σ537 σ655 ws 10 σ68 σ537 σ184 ws | σ655 15 σ184 MA | σ69 σ537 ws | σ655 σ654 20 σ537 σ68 ws | σ655 σ654 9265 σ184 25 σ537 MA | 9265 ws 30 σ184 σ655 ws | σ654 wh | 35 σ654 σ68 MA | σ184 ws | 9265 40 σ537 SA | σ655 σ184 MA | 45 σ537 wh | σ184 MA | 9265 50 σ537 ws | σ184 9265 ws 55 σ537 σ184 ws | 9265 1600 σ184 ws | 9265 05 σ184 ws | σ68 ws | σ654 10 σ184 ws 15 σ184 ws | σ68 Storage σ68 σ537 | | no defense

1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 Hastings Reservation 21 Feb Unusually slow granary census, 1150-1350, on a very warm sunny day. Only the core 3 (♂84, ♂68, ♀265) seen. Other birds heard off to the side of RC Hill, but nobody else came to the granary. Maybe it's such a nice day, all the helpers are out exploring for breeding vacancies. 24 Feb A late "0800" granary watch, 0900-1100. Complete census, save for the elusive ♀710: ♂84, 68, 537, 654, 655, 656 ♀265 all seen well. Surprisingly, a lot of dominance action, including ♀265 pecking at ♂ Juices. Interesting! Also ♂84 and ♂68 showed a bit of interest in the 1979-80-81 nest hole, so they may yet choose it. 10 March ** GROUP UPDATE ♂709, ♂710 disappeared 25 Nov 1981 ± 2 weeks Both were last seen on 6 Nov, certainly gone by 14 Dec. Could they have dispersed (Calo-g with ♂618) or are they death? 29 March Counted stores, 1730: Valley Oak 975 Sycamore 1625 TOTAL 2600 Doesn't appear that guarding of ♀265 has begun yet. A bird; I'm fairly certain was her was in the top of the Valley Oak when I drove up, unattended by any other bird. A ♂ was looking out of the 80-81 nesthole, so perhaps they will nest there again 30 March A quick look, 12030: No evidence of mate guarding or a nest in progress

Road 3 granary census, 1150 - 1350, 21 Feb 1982 1150 nobody 55 1200 σ184 ws σ68 EA 05 σ184 σ68 ws 9265 10 σ184 9265 ws σ68 15 σ184 9265 wh, σ68 MA 20 σ68 MA 25 nobody 30 11 35 11 40 11 45 11 50 11 55 11 Storage σ184 | 1 | 24 Feb 1982 0900 - 1100 defense storage 0900 nobody 05 11 10 11 15 σ68 ws, σ184 20 9265 MA, σ68, σ654, σ655 all ws 25 σ68 9265 σ655 ws 30 σ68 MA 9265 σ654 35 σ68, σ655 ws 40 σ184 MA, σ655 9265 ws 45 σ184 σ68 9265 σ655 all MA 50 σ184 σ68 9265 all ws, σ654, σ655 55 σ68 σ184 wh 1000 9265 MA σ184 MA 05 σ184 ws, σ656 10 σ184 σ656 σ537 all ws, 9265 15 σ68 wh, σ537, σ655, 656 all ws 20 σ68 wh 25 σ68 wh, σ184 9265, σ537,σ655, σ656 all ws 30 σ68 EA, σ184 σ654 σ655 σ656 35 σ68 σ184 σ655 ws 40 σ68 σ184 σ654 σ656 ws σ537 wh 45 σ537 wh | σ654 σ184 ws | σ68 50 σ537 MA | σ654 ws | σ655 ws | σ184 55 σ537 wh | σ655 σ184 ws | σ68 MA | σ655 ws 0918 9265 approaches, σ654 chatters 0923 9265 picks at σ655 ; gently 0935 σ184 picks hard at σ655 0944 9265 picks hard at σ654 !

1982 R.L.Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 (30 March) ♀265 spend several minutes (1248-1258.) excavating a new hole, just above the 1981 2nd-nest hole. See drawing on back. At present, the hole seems to be only big enough to accomodate the head of ♀265. No sign of interest in the hole overhanging the road, thank god. Ala- reported significant interest in the 1980-81 nest hole a few days ago. 2 April Watching here, 1005. Several developments: (1) ♀265 spent 5 min (1015-1020) working on the excavation figured on the back. Still just a head hole. She also entered the 1980-1981 hole and removed wood chips, so that hole must once again be considered the leading candidate. ♀265 also looked into the VO hole, and ♂654 looked at the new overhang hole. (2) ♂184 is missing! Complete census otherwise: ♂68, ♀265, ♂537, ♂654, ♂655, ♂656, ♂710 all seen very well + repeatedly. Seems like I should have seen him. (3) Assuming ♂184 is here, ♀ guarding certainly hasn't started. ♀265 was constantly in the granary, and ♂68 was around most of the time too. However, ♂68 did not escort ♀265 into the nest hole, and from 1130-1142 ♂68 worked on the new hole, too. 6 April 1235, as I drive up ♀265 is 10 of the 1980-1981 hole. She leaves 1245, then flies off toward PO Hill followed by a ♂ that I thought was ♂654! It could have been ♂68, I suppose, or it could have been an incidental follow. I should peek into the hole here later today to be sure. Incidentally, Ala watched here 4 April, seeing no trace of ♂184. 1440, Checked the hole: No eggs!

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 12 April After Alan reported more activity in the 1980-81 nest hole, I check it at 0920: No eggs. 16 April Watching here, 1430, for any evidence of ♀-guarding or activity in any holes. A definite yes for the latter: About 1445 ♀265 entered the 80-81 hole, and ♂68 followed her in about 1455: ♀265 left about 1415, But ♂68 Stayed in, and did not follow the ♀ out. Unfortunately, ♀265 stayed around the gra-ary area, so I couldn't truly call it a FTF. However, ♂68 was down (not looking out) virtually all the time he was in the hole alone: So ♀265 was out of visual canact. Will check hole later: Later, 1745, I climbed up + peeped in. No eggs! 20 April Alan has been reporting ♂68 guarding ♀265, so I check the hole at 1800: Still no eggs. 22 April Checked the hole, 1600: No eggs! 24 April Checked the hole, 1330: Still no eggs, despite the fact that Alan reports half-hearted guarding of ♀265 26 April checked the hole, 1500: Still nothing 27 April "" "" 0815 (0915): Still nothing 29 April Zounds! I check the nest at 1500, 2 eggs!! So laying began on 28 April, with one egg on each day! 3 May Check the hole, 0800: 4 eggs, but they are cold, what gives? Actually, Alan watched the hole later, no incubation was going on no problem. Anyway, this means I should expect hatching about 11 May, babing around 2 June 16 May Checked hole, 0730: 4 healthy babies, marked + weighted (see nest record

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 Nest Record 27 April Checked the 1981 hole, 0815 No eggs 29 April Checked the hole via peeper, 1500 2 eggs 3 May Checked the hole, 0815 4 eggs eggs cold: not yet incubated? ① 25.2 × 19.8 ② 25.2 × 19.8 ③ 25.2 × 20.1 ④ 26.0 × 20.3 16 May nestcheck, 0730, all 4 eggs hatched 4 nestlings (→792) (→793) (→794) (→795) ① Blue-Yellow ② Wht-Orn ③ Blk-Yellow(N) ④ NB 26.5 g 19.8 g 19.0 g 13.5 g 2 June wt 97.0g 84.0 87.0 78.0g 1500 wing 92 82 84 77 crown 1 2 3 4 Banded all 4 nestlings, now juvs # 792-795.

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1982 R.L. Mumme 6 Melanerpes fornicivorus Road 3 0900 23 May Minor disaster here. A car from the Ervine field ornithology class found two Road-killed woodpeckers from here: They prove to be 8537 wht/or Yellow-wht/Yellow-131K and 8655 M / Yellow-131K. Neither bird was particularly fresh, so they were probably nailed yesterday. (22 May) 2 June 1500, despite the loss of the two helpers, @ I band 4 healthy nestlings here, now Juvs. 792-795 7 June Counted stores, 0900 Valley Oak 150 Sycamore 175 TOTAL 325 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 8184 disappeared ~ 30 March 1982 Present 28 March, definitely gone 1 April ② 8537 + 8655 Road killed on 22 May 1982 18 Aug Counted stores, 0900: Valley Oak 25 Sycamore 0 Plus various bits & pieces, Total 25 Also got a pretty good 5 min watch in: 868, 8265, 8654, 8710, Juvs. 792, 793, 794 all seen well. 23 Aug ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J795 Not seen after banding 2 June 1982 : 56ct Good watch, 0730-0930. 8265, 868, 8654 8710 cell seen well, plus J792 + J794 both molting into plamage Akosan 868 Bk-corn/Black of Still-T (!) intruding here NO Acorn storage yet!

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1982 R.L. Murme 7 Melanerpes Formicivorus Road 3 27Oct Came out here to do a granary census, but found very few acorns stored in the granary. I'll wait until the birds here are a bit further along. 8Nov Good granary census here, 1400-1600. Important items to note are ①♂656 and ♂793 must surely be gone. Didn't see them on 5Oct or today. Everyone else seen. ② On 5Oct I prematurely called ♂792♀. It is definitely ♂792, 11Nov Strange granary census. Only ♂68 + ♀265 seen, plus ♂654. Where the other 3 birds are, I have no idea. 12Nov Great granary census, 0830-1030: 140 Acorns stored in the two hours! Not bad at all. All 6 birds seen, 0830 ♀265 | ♂654 SA 35♂654♀265WH|♂710 WH 40♂654♂68♀2659710. 45♂654♂68♀265WH|9710♂792 50♂654♂68♀2659710WH|♂792 55♀265♂654♂689710SA| 0900♀265♂68SA|♂654SA 05♂68♀265SA 10♂68♂654♀794SA 15♂68 SA 20♀2659710SA 25 nobody 30♂68♀265SA 35♂68WH♀265WH 40♂654SA♀265 45♂265WH♂654SA 50♂654♂68SA♀265WH 55♂68WH♀265♂654SA 1000♂792SA♂654WH♀265WH 05♀265WH 10♀265♂68WH 15♀265♂68WH 20♀265♂68♂792WH 25♀2659710WH♂68WH 30♂654♂792SA|♂68WH Storage hr1 ♂654 HTHHH HH II ♂265 HTHHH HH I ♂68 HTH HH III ♂792 HTH II ♂794 HTH II Unk HTHHH (89) 140 Great total hr2 ②5 ♂68 HTH II ②2 ♀265 HTH III ②5 ♂654 HTH II ③2 ♂710 HTH HTH HTH I (5?) ⑨ ♂792 II ⑧ ♂794 I ⑲ Unk HTH III

8 Nov 1982 Road 3 granary census 1400 nobody 05 9265 9710 ws 10 9265 970 868 8654 SA 15 9265 868 8654 wH 20 9794 25 9265 9710 868 8654 wH 30 9710 SA 868 8654 wH 35 868 8654 40 " 45 [illegible] 868 8654 50 8654 55 " 1500 " 1505 nobody 10 " 15 " 20 " 25 " 30 94 868 SA 35 868 40 868 9265 wH 45 868 [illegible] 50 9792 SA 868 wH 8654 wH 55 8654 wH 1600 8654 868 wH Storage Unk I 9710 I I I 97928 III I I 868 III III 8654 II 9265 I I 9794 II (18) (7) 11 Nov 1982 1030 - 1230 1030 9265 868 35 868 40 9265 wH 45 9265A 868wH 50 nobody 55 9265wH 868 MA 1100 868 wH 9265 05 868 9265 MA 10 868 8654 9265 15 868 wH 8654 20 8654 wH 868 | 9265 MA 25 8654 868 9265 all wH 30 " 1035 868 8654 wH 40 868 8654 wH 45 868 8654 50 868 8654 55 868 ws 1200 868 | 8654 9265 wH 05 " I 10 " | 8654 wH 9265 wH 15 8654 wH | 868 868 20 8654 868 wH | 9265 25 865 868 wH | 9265 30 865 wH | 9265 Storage defense 9265 I I I (7) 868 II I (3) 8654 I I (1) (7) (4) 1103 868 Jun.10 )

1982 R.L. Mumne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 22Nov Granary census, 1400-1600; Pretty good. Only bird not seen well was ♀794, even though I have heard as having stored an acorn. Everyone else seen quite well, however. 23Nov Another-granary census, 1055-1255. This time all 6 birds seen well. 29Nov Final granary census, 0830-1030 0830♂654♂68♀265 storage 35 nobody 40♂68♀265♂654 SA♀710SA 45♀265WH 50♂68♀265♀710WS 55♂654WS,♂68SA, 0900♀710SA 05♀265♂68WH|♂654♂792♀710SA 10♂68♀265WH|♀710♂654 15♂792SA 20♂792WH|♀710♂654SA 25♀265SA♀710WH 30♀710♀265SA♂654SA|♂68WH 35♂654SA 40♀265♂792-♀710♂68SA 45♂792SA 50♂654WH 55♂654♀265WH 1000♂654♀265WH|♀710♀794 05♂265WH| 10♂68WH♀265WH|♂792SA 15♀265♂792SA 20♀265♀710♂654 25" 30♂654SA♀794WH (12)♂68 IIIII (17)♀265 HTIHTII (17)♂654 HTIHT (27)♀710 HTIHTIII|:HTHT (16)♂792 III (2)♀794 II (17)Unk HTHTII|:HTHT (60) (48) 108 Total No defer Good census. All birds seen, lots of storing

22 NOV 1982 Road 3 granary census 1400 nobody 05 868 8654 SA 9265 WH 10 8654 9710 SA | 9265 WH | 9794 SA 15 868 SA 20 8654 SA 25 868 8654 9265 WH 30 [illegible] 9265 35 nobody 40 11 45 868 SA 50 868 WH 8654 55 868 8654 WH 1500 868 8654 WH 05 10 15 20 25 30 nobody 35 868 SA 40 8654 868 45 nobody 50 55 1600 11 34 (3) 11-9265-1 Nodefense 47 (12) |||| WH-868- ||| 38 (10) |||| WH-8654-1 46 (7) || WH-9710- 16 (3) |||| 9792- 11 (1) 1 9794- U.x20 (31) (5) 23 NOV 1982 1055 nobody 1100 "" 05 868 WH 9265 10 868 WH 9265 9710 15 868 9265 9710 9792 20 868 8654 25 868 8654 WH 9265 30 868 8654 WH 9265 35 868 40 9710 SA 9265 45 868 SA 50 9265 SA 868 WH 55 9265 868 1st hr 2nd hr 868 WH 1 (6) 53 9265 ||| (4) 38 9710 ||| (4) 50 8654 ||| (4) 42 9792 || (2) 18 9794 || (3) 13 Unk || (2) 22 (24) 36 stored

1982 R.C. Murine u 1 Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill 9 Feb Counted stores, 1630: 1210 TOTAL A sample of about 40 acorns taken from the granary. These were replaced by a roughly equivalent # of my own. 1 April Counted stores, 1800: 1200 TOTAL 3 April Alan (24 April) and Leslie (today) have reported a constant stream of birds in + out of a new hole, located in the nearly dead (Blue?) Oak 30m SW of the SW corner of the enclosure, Lowe of two holes, I climbed up to the hole (with some difficulty: a short length of ladder would be easier) and peeped in with the new improved peeper at 1800: No eggs yet, but the hole looks nearly ready: A nice carpet of wood chips. What bothers me is that from what Alan saw yesterday and what Leslie (t.f.: I showed her around school Hill earlier) saw this afternoon, it doesn't seem like any 9-guarding has begun. But, we shall continue to keep an eye on things here 5 April Checked the hole, 1230: No eggs. 7 April " " 1330: No eggs. 11 April Checked the hole, 1400: No eggs 13 April " " " 1330: No eggs. Leslie reports mate-guarding 15 April " " " 1800: No eggs: " " NO " " 17 April " " " 1600: No eggs. However, I open it up anyway, since it looks like this will be the nest hole (a Q was in as I walked up. When she flushed, 2 other birds peered nearby followed her.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes fcrmicivorus School Hill 19 April Checked the hole via peeper: Still No eggs, 1730. 21 April " " " " " Hey, 2 eggs, 1530! 28 April Opened the hole today, marked + measured 6 eggs (see nest record for details). This means that egg #6 was laid on 25 April, meaning I should anticipate hatching about 6 May and banding about 28 May. 10 May Peeped in here to check for hatching. I'm shy about opening this hole too many times, since the wood is so thin and the whole thing is tough to put back together. Anyway, looking in I saw 2 unhatched eggs (for sure) and I'm fairly sure 4 babies (3 for certain), ~ 4 days old I guessed. 28 May Banded 3 young (753-755), 1400. I may have blown the estimate of young on 10 May 5 June Counted stores 0900: 500 TOTAL 17 June Around Sunset, I flush 2 juveniles from the 1980 failed nest hole 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9668 returned to School Hill ~ 20 May 1982 (See Y notes) 19 Aug Found all 3 Still juvies down around Yt Pump, 0700. Also, J753 Red-wrt/LBlue seems to be molting into ♀ plumage, while J754 + J755 look like they will be males. Confirmation needed, though. 0748, upon SHill proper, 886, 8402, 9260 all see well, plus J755 back up here. No sign of 9668. COUNTED STORES 0830: 110 TOTAL

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1982 R.L. Munne 2a Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill Nest Record 19 April Checked new hole in partially dead blue oak above the enclosure, 1730: No eggs. 21 April Checked hole via peeper, 1530: 2 eggs 24 April " " 1245 5 eggs 28 April Opened hole, 1200 6 eggs eggs marked + measured ① 24.9 x 20.6 ② 25.4 x 21.0 ③ 25.4 x 20.0 ④ 26.2 x 21.0 ⑤ 25.1 x [illegible] 21.0 ⑥ 25.5 x 20.1 10 May Peeped in 0945 4 nestlings, 2 unhatched eggs 28 May Banded 3 young, 1400. See capture record for weights, etc.

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill 23Aug ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① correction: 9668 did not return to School Hill ~20 my see notes 9Dec I walk up here at 1445, and by 1505 I have a full census: ♂86, ♂402, ♂260, ♀753, ♂754, and ♀755 all seen well, working stores in the granary.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill West 12 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① Purge J674, not seen after banding 7 May I wander around all over the place up here, but find no suitable holes. Also Alan watched up here recently and saw 9674! D-9 plunge! See his notes for details. 17 May Well, it takes a while, but I finally find the nest up here. It's a huge decaying old Blue Oak, ~100 meters SE of the granary. Though the tree is quite dead, its pretty solid, and I was able to climb up without too much trouble. Since I didn't bring climbing gear, I'll have to come up later, to open the hole. The eggs have hatched, but adults are still brooding. Also, while I was watching I actually got a complete census. 9531 Brn-or/Brn-dr ⑤530 Brn-or/Brn-or, a-d 9674 Dbrn-Red(N)/or all seen quite well, all seen carrying insects or acorn bits off toward the nest. 18 May Opened the nest here, 1745: Found 4 babies, ~12 days old. Three look quite healthy and should fledge. ⑤ A 4th is definitely on the runt side, and may or may not make it. That means I should band this group on 28 May 28 May Banded 4 babies, and bled all but the runt 1500. Now J756-759. The runt was quite tiny, but seemed vigorous. He weighed only 35 grams. 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① UNPURGE J674. alive + well

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill West Nest Record 17 May Found new nest in large dead Blue Oak 100 m SE of granary. Young have hatched, still brooding. 18 May Opened hole, 1745 4 nestlings 3 healthy, large, irunt, ~12 days old 28 May Banded 4 Nestlings, 1500. 3 fine+healthy, one only 34.5 g. See capture records for weights & wing lengths.

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill West 6 Oct Goodwatch here, 0820-0930. The bad news is that ♀531 is gone, and in her place is a ♀NB. I'll have to work on catching her. ♂530 Bpk-0r/Bpke is here however (he is heavily tailspotted, it is worth noting) plus two of the '82 juveniles. ♂756 wht-DBlue/DBlue-wht (N) and ♀758 Lpk/DBa. All 4 of these birds were in the gravity simultaneously at 0910 scolding some unknown object. No sign of ♀674 (was she forced out by the new ♀?) or juveniles 757 and 759 (759's chances were small, to say the least). ♀758 and the ♀NB seem to be getting along just fine at the moment. I feel fairly comfortable in saying that these 4 birds are all that are present.

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1982 R.C. Humme Melanerpes formicivorus ARF too 18 April Still a very few (<100, maybe 75 or 50 eve) acorns remaining in the two granary trees here. 8 May Wandered around quite a bit, looking for holes, nests or birds. No luck on all counts, 19 May Trying to find a nest by watching the birds up here, no luck. All I see is 9687 or-Blk/M in 9 plumage (juv from last year), on 4 different occasions. I never saw her carrying food anywhere, so maybe there is no nest up here. 6 June After considerable pain & suffering here the last two days (5 June 6 June), I finally find the nest: It is in a thick-trunked, but small crowned, partially dead Blue Oak at the N edge of the ARF field. The nest hole is in a dead stub and faces more or less north. At 1430 I bring one length of extension ladder up here, climb up, saw open the hole, find 3 nestlings ~20 days old, and banded them Juv 798, 799, and J 800 xx! ARF too, was not what I really had in mind for the 800th bird, but it will have to do. The hole was a bitch to get back together: Very thin, fragile rotter, but I think F managed to make it reasonably secure. The last two days I've also learned a few neat things about the adults here: ① A♂NB is still ② present (possibly the same as last year, and ② in fact, probably the same as last year (see below), as is 9687 or-Blk/M However, there is no

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus ARF too (6 June) evidence of ♂635 or a ♀ NB, but I will have to watch the nest here in a few days to be certain they aren't around. ② There is a new banded + presumably breeding immigrant ♀ here: ♀642 Or-DBlue/Yellow Or-DBlue/M who was banded in April 1981 at the big Lower Haystack Power Struggle and not seen since. How about that! My guess is that the ♀NB (the mother of ♀687) disappeared over the winter, and was replaced by ♀642. In this view, the ♂NB is the same as last years, the father of ♀687, which would explain why she is still here. All this is, of course, a hopeless guess given the uncertainties of unbanded birds, but it is probably reasonable. 8 June Watching the nest here 1620. Definitely a trio here, ♂NB ♀642, ♀687 and that's all. A good number of feeding visits in 1½ hr watch (31 visits) 15 June Tried to ambush the ♂NB here, unsuccessfully. I set up the pole net on the evening of the 14th, watched the ♂NB definitely enter the hole at dusk. But this morning, when I put the net over the hole at 0345, nobody came out. I waited until it was quite light. Either the ♂ left late yesterday or early this morning, or refused to come out of the hole, I don't know

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1982 R.C. Mumme 3 Melanerpes formicivorus ARF, too 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂635 disappeared ~ 1 January 1982 ± 6 months last seen 13 June 1981, gone 6 June 1982 ② ♀843 NB disappeared ~ 1 January 1982 ± 6 month last seen at ARF, too 30 May 1981, gone 6 June 1982. ( but probably gone present before April 1982 ) ③ ♀642 moved here ~ 1 January 1982 ± 6 months Banded at Low Hay Power struggle April 1981. Present here 6 June 1982 ④ J688 NSA B 810606

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus ARE 18 April Drivingby at 1400, Alan + F find a few (<200) acorns remaining in the granary here. Alan saw a bird fly off as we approached. The roost hole in the dead rotte limbs of the VO near the granary has fallen, during the winter sometime, I would presume. 8 May No luck in finding holes, nests, or birds in a good bit of wandering around. 19 May Watching her to try to find a nest. I see a FNVB carrying insects toward the area south of the granary (on E side of road), in the general direction of the high Valley Oak hole there, but I wasn't convinced that that was the hole she was flying toward. I will have to try again here. 25 May Better luck today, as F finally locate the nest. It is in a dead stub of a VO just beside the one mentioned above. The birds are feeding, but not brooding, so F should get up here ASAP. Shouldn't be too much of a problem with the extension ladder. Back with Alan at 1700. It is more of a problem than I thought. The nest limb is very soft trotter, and it was quite dangerous. Nonetheless I managed to band 3 babies ~9 days old. A bit young, but I wasn't going to go up to that hole again! Very difficult to put back together, too. Anyway, the nestlings are now J729, J730, J731.

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1982 R. L. Munne Melanerpes fornicivorus Black Oak 12 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂545, ♂624, ♂691 moved to Lambert 1 Nov 1981 ±1 week All were at Black Oak (except 624) on 22 October, but were "present" at Lambert on 10 November. ♂689 came originally, but he may be back at Black Oak. Further details are needed. 27 Jan Alan watched here today with little success. I took a sample of 50 acorns. ♂658 or Sobo intruding. 23 Feb Counted shorts, 10:30; Fallen limb 1680 Main area [illegible] 1985 2° area [illegible] 635 TOTAL 4300 While counting, in the 2° area Fsee ♂426 13/1/ or, unt-com/metal! Suppose plus a ♀ whose bands I read as it could be ♂320, but that I was pretty certain I saw it right. Will have to look here further. Also, I suppose that F could have blown the sex and seen ♂713 instead, but I thought it was ♀. Actually, the quick look F got of the left leg suggested yellow/131k-0-, meaning ♂713 10 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ♂546, 689 moved to Lambert 1 March ±1 week Two ♂ seen participating in the Power Struggle at Lambert 20 Feb 1982. Both were missing 23 Feb, but present and looking like they belonged there on 9 March. ♀690 Not seen after banding, 810608 18 April Perhaps foolishly, trying to watch from the blind here at

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Black Oak (18 April) 1045. Moved the blind over toward the woods, to get a better angle on the treetops and the 2° area. 1215, Wow, I actually accomplish something here, (to my considerable astonishment) Details are ① ♂426 + ♂321 both see well, appear to be following a bird, presumably ♀427 Red/m. However, ♂102 is conspicuously absent: Only 2♂ seem to be participating in the guarding, u-like lastyear's tight packs of four ② ♂691 DBine-Yellow(N)/Lorn + ♂689 Or/whT are back here, after toying with the idea of moving to Lambert. Both wee conspicuous here. ③ J713 Yellow / BIK-Orange has been mis-sexed: Actually a good ♀. This explains my observation of 24 23 Feb. ④ I believe ♀320 has lost the Red-Lorn bad on her right leg, making her Red-Lorn/Blk-Manue. Not absolutely certain, however ⑤ I may have had a glimpse of ♂497 Red/Black, but I couldn't be sure: 1235 whoa, as I leave I see ♂ M/BIK. Must be ♂497 for-sure. ⑥ No sign of ♂546, 545, or 624. Perhaps those three are solidly in residence at Lambert, ⑦ Whoops, 1245, walking out I see a "pack" of 4 birds, 3 following 1: Perhaps ♂102 is around after all. 21 April Counted stores, 1300: Fallen Limbs 875 2° area 250 Main area 1650 TOTAL 2775

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Black Oak 26 April Looks like we have a nest here! At 1720 I find a ♀ (with heavily mustached right face) looking out of the "bad hole" (1981 1st nest hole), in the Valley Oak. I will have to open it up very soon. 27 April Open up the hole here, 1700: 5 eggs and it looks like the clutch is certainly complete. I marked & measured the eggs, My guess is that this was about day 3 or 4 of incubation. Anticipate hatching about 5 or 6 May, and banding about 28 May. See next record for other details. Also, I would guess that this is almost certainly the work of one ♀, and last year's 8-egg clutch probably was, too (since ♀320 is still here). 26 May Banded 5 nestlings here today, a very good effort for Black Oak. Juvs #740-744. 7 June Counted stores, 1730: Fallen Limb 825 Main Area 1275 2° area 160 2260 TOTAL 12 June Walked up here 1500 + found a ♀ looking out of the 1981 aborted 2nd nest hole, in the poison oak covered Valley Oak in the 2° area. Looks like we have a second nest here! 14 June 1800, I "try" to get up to check the new nest here, but the string broke on me, and I didn't think to bring a lead weight or new string to get a new line up. I tried to throw the remains of the string up, But

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1982 R.L. Mumme 3a Melanerpes formicivorus Black Oak Nest Record 26 April 1630, ♀ looking out of 1981 (first nest hole) 27 April Opened hole 5 eggs fairly fresh (day 3) ① 28.2 x 20.8 ② 25.0 x 19.2 ③ 27.4 x 20.9 ④ 27.5 x 20.1 ⑤ 27.7 x 20.7 all hatched! 14 May walked by, 1200: Nest still active, eggs have hatched, 26 May Banded 5 nestlings, 1400! Juvs # 740-744 See capture records for weights & wing lengths.

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1982 R.L. Muhme 4 Melanerpes formicivorus BlackOak (14 June) using carabineers, sticks, etc., but gave up after awhile. Also, the eggs have hatched already. I flushed a fledged juvenile and an adult from the nest as I walked up, and heard the peepings of what sounded like just-hatched nestlings. So much for getting egg measurements, and probably clutch size. I will have to try again in a few days. But this means that the two nests here certainly overlapped by at least a week or so. 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ① 8689 + 8691 returned to Black Oak 20 March 1982 ± 2 weeks: 8689 was still present at Carbert 9 March, back at BO 18 April. 8691 only seen at Carbert in November then again on- 20 Feb 1982, but back at BO 18 April. 5 July Banded two very anemic young here, 0900. Now Juvs. 888 828 + 829. Though they are minimally 21 days old, they are way behind in size. (See capture records). On top of that, their blood was very thin (“iron poor”), and spun down to only a few red cells and a lot of plasma. I barely got enough for a decent sample 18 Aug Counted storks, 1630 Fallen Limb 550 Also good looks at Juvs Main Area 850 741, 742, 744, and OK 2° Area 20 look at J829, all sapsucking from -after, J828 and 8713 the "traditional" Live Oak sap tree, seen near Bianca-

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1982 R.C. Munne 5 Melanerpes formicivorus Black Oak 7Oct Trying to watch from blind here, 0800. Chars aren't good, very breezy. Medlocre. 1000, giving up. ♂426, ♂497, ♂691 ♀713, plus J743 Red-Yel/Black (♂) and J744 Pink/Red (♂), ad J829 or-Dann/yellow (maybe ♀, but not sure yct). All that I see. A bit of storing, but not much. Also, I saw a ♂adult with just an orange band on the right leg. Probably ♂321, lost his DBlue-Yel (N), but since I didn't see his other leg, I'll have to wait. 14Dec Watching from blind, 0900: ♂829 chases a ♂NIB from 2° grarary at 0910. ♂742 ♂497 ♂426 ⚫ ♂102 (whos seems to be missing a band on his right leg) ♂743 ♂321, ♂691, ♂689 ♀713, ♂744 all seen well, and finally, ♀427 Red/M! Alan + I had both watched here and gotten good censuses but failed to see her, but she is alive. Missing was ♂741 but I saw her on 11 Dec near Bianca, and ♂320, who may well be Kaput!

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1982 R.L. Murme Melanerpes formicivorus SOBO 9 March Shamefully, When Alan & E were up here on 27 Jan, I neglected to write notes on the partial collapse of the SOBO granary. The entire N limb fell during Dec-Jan (I would suspect around Jan 6-7, during the big storm). All that is left of the granary is the south limb, with maybe 500 storage holes maximum. Watching from the N side of the granary, from hide, 1030. Darned if there wasn't a bird in the granary, when I walked up, which I didn't see until it flushed. I count ~220 acorns from where I'm sitting. 18 April I stroll down to last year's nest to unfortunately find that the entire nest tree has collapsed. Burner! It means we're back to square 1 as far as discovering where these guys might nest. I flush 2 birds from what's left of the granary at 1300. 26 April False alarm! Not at all hopeless to find SOBO's nest. I stroll up to the granary at 1730, say hello, and I'm surprised to see a ♂ look out of the lower hole, then fly off. I manage to climb up [illegible] assisted by webbing (I don't recommend it! Very hard. Use rope ladder next time), peep in, and find 4 eggs! Yessiree. A nice little hole: Shallow and thin-walled. Should be easy to open. May 2 I checked the nest, propped it up. 4 eggs still, nearing hatching. Hole was easy to open (very thin), but difficult to put back together for that same reason. I would guess hatching in or about 4 May, and banding about 26 April. 8 May would be a good day to check for hatching

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes fornicivorus SOBO Nest Record 26 April Flush a bird out of the lower hole in the granary: Peep in 4 eggs 2 May Opened hole, 1100: nearing hatching (-2days?) eggs marked + measured ① 24.2 x 19.7 ② 27.0 x 20.1 ③ 26.3 x 19.7 ④ 26.4 x 19.6 4 eggs all hatched 14 May 1210, peeped in I quite a bit smaller than the others 26 May 1200, Banded 4 healthy nestlings! Juveniles # 736 - 739. See capture record. for weights + wing lengths.

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus SOBO 14 May Nestcheck, 1210, using only the peeper because of the fragile nature of the opened hole: 4 babies, one of which was quite a bit smaller than the others. 9-10 days old seems like a pretty good guess, so I should plan on banding 4 (or 3) on 26 May 18 May A short nest watch here, more to find out who the hell is here rather than to get feeding data. Anyway, I do well. It looks like 4 birds are here, all banded! 639 yellow/D1Blue (not seen since June of last year), 640 Dorn-Red (n)/m appear to be the resident breeders, with 2 helpers from last years nest: 658 LBlue-B1K/CBlue, and 659 m/B1K-or. The RNB of last year must certainly begone, and as must 638 as well. Lots of feeding, so nestlings are probably doing quite well. 26 May Banded 4 healthy nestlings here today, now juveniles # 736 - 739, 14 June Said "hello" to the nest hole, but nobody looked out, meaning a 2nd nest isn't likely here at the moment 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** (1) 638 disappeared 14 Aug 1981 ± 2 months Last seen 7 June 1981, probably gone by 22 Oct. (2) 9847 NB disappeared 14 Aug 1981 ± 2 months (Same dates as for 638) (3) J657 NSA B 24 may 1981 **

18may 1982 SOBO Nest watch 1420-1610 PST 1420.00 start 42 9640②I 42 9659②I 46 ? ? 48 9659②I 58 9640②I 59 9658① 1500 ? ? 01 8639②I 01 9658 02 ?? 02 9658②I 03 3?639③① 04 9658②I 05 9658① 05 9658① 10 9640③I caterpillar 13 9659②I orthop 14 9659① 46 8639②I 50 9640②A 51 9640② 52 9640② 53 9640① 56 8639③↑ 56 ? ? 1605 8639③? 1610 end

1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus SOBO 27 June I stroll down here 1030, to check for the possibility of a second nest. Nobody in the granary hole, but I do see 9658 M /CBlue-Black and Juv. 739 CBlue-Yellow, the "rent" of the brood here. 24 July I'm fairly certain that I saw 638 M/Dark at Hay Blom! First sighting of him in over a year. If he is no longer at SOBO, Where is he and why would he be intruding on Haystack ? 14 Dec Good watch here 1100-1230. I corroborate Alan's watch of 11 Dec: 639, 9658, 9659, Juv 736, Juv 739 all seen well + repeatedly, but 9640 is missing. Presumed dead

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1982 R.L. Nunne Melanerpes formicivorus Arnold I 12 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 567 moved to Fanny Arnold 25Sept 1981 ± 2 weeks Definitely in at FA on 14Oct 1981, but not there at 30 Aug. 27 Jan Watching here, 1000. Things starting to make sense. 568, ♂679, 680, 505, ♂100 all seen well, Conspicuously absent is 566, who might very well be kaput. Seems like I should have seen him. It appears certain that Keep Out was just an AI extension. I saw 568, 679, 680 repeatedly, in the keep out area, as well as in the AI granary, All 3 appeared to ever store live oak acorns in the AI granary as well. There appear to be O acorns in the keep out granary now, too. I also saw 2 Lambert birds (see Lambert notes) near keep out + Big Tree, along with all the AI birds. About 50m W of keep Out, however, I saw all manner of unbandied birds hanging out. I don't know what's going on there. End off or watch 1400. Sample of 50 acorns taken from the easy access part of the granary 20 Feb Counted stors here, 1200. 2175 TOTAL 23 Feb 1320, I find 567 Red/Red near keep Out (see FIt notes) 9 Rach Watching near here, + keep Out. 1245 I find 567 Red/Red M/Red cating acorns in the granary here, so I would have to say that she has returned home! Up by KO, I find 100, 558, & 505: Alan reports 679 along the fence line here, too and 680. 566 must be gone!

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Arnold I 10 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ♂566 disappears 5 Jan 1982 ± 2 weeks Last seen on 11 Dec 1981. Missing on 27 Jan ♀567 returns to A1 14 Feb ± 2 weeks Last seen at FA on 27 Jan 1982, definitely booted out of there on 20 Feb 1982, and comfortably back at A1 on 9 March. 9 April Counted stores, 1330: 1650 Total Several A1 birds seen up at KO, plus ♀680 ms seen in the A1 granary 28 April After seeing birds in the traditional A1 nest hole the last two days, I opened it up today at 1730 + found 4 eggs, 3 normal and one obvious runt! Unfortunately, I wasn't able to measure the runt. The hole had been slightly deepened since last year, and even after a good bit of sawing on the inside of the hole, I was able to just barely touch the eggs, I'm sure I'll be able to reach and remove banding age fledged young. Also, if the runt is left in the hole after hatching, I might risk trying to salvage it then. I would guess that this nest is at the same stage as Black Oak: Hatching ~ 5 May, Banding maybe 27 or 28 May. Also, 8 May would be a good day to climb up to the hole to check for hatching. 11 May Checked nest, 3 babies 1 unhatched runt (see nest record) 29 May Banded 3 nestlings, Juvs. 760-762: See capture records 7 June Counted stores, 1630: 1460 Total. I may have missed a branch on 9 April and undercounted by ~300

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes fornicivorus Arnold 1 Nest Record 26 April Bird looking out of traditional nest hole, 1900 27 April Bird flushed from hole 1830 28 April Climbed up + opened hole 1700: 4eggs couldn't remove eggs to measure. | 3normal, one runt ( certain runt, though not necessarily) May 11 May Opened hole, 1630 3 babies, young about 4 days 1 un-hatched runt 20.3 x 15.8, removed old 29 May Banded 3 nestlings, 1400, Now Juvs #760-762 See capture records for weights + wing lengths

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1982 R. C. Mumme 3 Melanerpes formicivorus Arnold I 27 June J76bl 6cm - DBlue/Lorn seen in passing here, plus many other birds not identified. Later ♀568' wnt-mauve/M and ♂ 679 Bk- CBlue / CBlue - Bk' in the trees up toward Keep Out. Uh Oh, heading back to the truck, I hear a lot of woodpecker baby noises coming from the Valley Oak nearest the turnaround (30 m SE) at the Lambert gate. I investigate & find a very unlikely looking hole in a dead, very shaly limb on the NE side of the tree, about 5 M up. Fortunately, there is a live (but thin) limb next to it, and I climb up, peep in and find 2 (I think! 3 also possible) nestlings ~12-15 days old (no feathers on head to speak of, eyes barely opening, etc). I didn't open it, because this hole is incredibly fragile + shallow. It should only be opened once to band the nestlings, because it may require glue + putty to get back together. It will probably be impossible to drive nails into that limb I should plan to band here on 4 July. It took me a long time to determine that this is Al's nest. It is so close to Keep Out, my first suspicion was that it was KO's nest. After sitting watching the hole for ~2 hrs though, I finally saw a couple of birds fly up from Al to feed the nestlings. Anyway, this was a pretty close call. It would have been very easy to miss this nest, give time, location, etc.

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1982 R.L. Mumme 4 Melanerpes formicivorus Arnold L (27June) A couple of interesting points: ① This nest certainly overlapped with the first nest (at least by a few days), which no doubt explains the unusual nest site choice. Other than the "traditional" nesthole, I would infer that this group has few (if any) viable bbikes alternatives that are in or close to the granary ② I think it might be a good generalization that woodpeckers wont Overlap nests unless they have a lot of helpers (as both BO + Al do this year). The helpers are needed to finish up the first nest while the adults get going on the second. Also, both Al & BO are still very well supplied with acorns. 5July Banded two young here, 0800, after opening the nest (not as hard as I thought). The nestlings were extremely thin and poorly nourished. By feather growth, they were at least 20-21 days old, but they weighed only ~50grams! Very poor. See Capture record for details. Also, I was unable to git a blood sample from either of them, Simply because I couldn't find the wing vein! They were just too small. Anyway, they were banded Juvs. 826 + 827 I almost forgot: At the bottom of the nest was a rather Smelly 15-18 day old nestling that had been dead for at least a few days. So there were certainly 3 nestlings at one point, and probably three when I peeped in 0~27 June

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1982 R.C. Mumme 5 Melanerpes formicivorus Arnold I 17July Here at 0700, I find a juvenile (not fledged, I'm certain) looking out of the nest hole. So the anemic young (at least 1, anyway) are still hanging tough. 17Aug Counted stores, 1700: 110 TOTAL. Getting low. A quick look at some birds uphill from the gray produces 9568, 9680, and J761 Yellow-DBlue/or and J762 DBlue-yellow/m, plus a juv NB (?) that was, fortunately, being chased. 1800, more birds. Both of the superants from the second nest are still alive. J826 M/DBlue-CPi-It ad J827 Ort/DG--o- sapsucking from a spi-dy blue oak. Plus 9505 whr/CPiX 24Aug ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9567 moves to keep Out 20 June 1982 ± 2 months (see KO notes) 9567 present at A1 9 March-21 April first see for sure at KO on 19+23 Aug. 8at Good watch here, 0930-1050. ♂100, 9505, 9568 ♂679, 9680, J761 (molting to ♀, I'm fairly sure), J762 (a sure ♂) and J826+J827, (both still too young for setting full juvenile plumage. Only bird missing is J760, who hasn't been seen since badly and is surely gone

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1982 R.C. Numme Melanerpes formicivorus Keep Out 9 April The area around here continues to be a no-birds land (see previous KO, Lambert, A1, F/t notes). Here at 1230, I see both the evicted FA ♂, 705+706 (M/Red-wht wht-mauve/M of A1), M/Lorn-06m, respectively), Q568 a ♂NB (FA? elsewhere?), and ♂100 Quite a mess. All this is going on in the area SW of the keep Out granary. 8 May A quick look, 1500, I find 2♂ in and around the keep Out granary. One is ♂706 M/Lorn-06m, and I would guess that ♂705 was the other. They almost look established here, other than the fact that they seem to lack both acorns or a ♀. What's more, I see one of the ♂♂ fly off toward the trees around Big Tree. Good! 1520, correction! It was a ♀NB that flew from the Big KO granary to Big Tree. This might be a real group! 3 June A casual look here, 1430, I can't find any birds around. 27 June A quick look 0645, Right off I find ♂705 DBlue/Red-wht in the trees 30m SW of the keep Out granary. Plus, I heard wakas when he flew further back. I suspect that Keep Out is legitimate! 19 Aug A tough watch here, 1700-1830: Hanging around Keep Out are still both ♂705 M/Red-wht and ♂706 M/Lorn-06m. However, they are still only "near KO" in the trees 40m SW of the KO granary. But with them I'm sure was a third bird with which they wakad several times, Walking back I got a brief glimpse of a bird? M/Red: Q567! Not sure, but would make sense.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Keep Out 23 Aug I try one more brief watch here, 1800, Success! In the Blue Oak Sap tree 30 m SW of the KO granary, and in some adjacent Valley Oaks, I find ♀567 Red/Red, Sitting calmly & comfortably next to ♂705 M/Red ! Great! KO looks for real! I assume ♂706 is around, too. What's more, at 1830 I try to flush ♀567 toward A1, and though she flew initially across the fence to one of the large VO's on Hastings, she immediately flew back to Keep Out when I tried to flush her further. Acorn storage will tell us for sure, but I'm nearly 100% sure KO is occupied! 24 Aug ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂705 + ♂706 founded (as 1st year) Keep Out All three of the Fanny Arnold residents. (♀567, ♂705, ♂706) were seen at KO on 23 Feb, after having been booted off by the invading NB birds. On 9 March, ♀567 was seen both at KO & A1, but ♂100 (of A1) was also at KO, suggesting it was still "up for grabs" Still a free-for-all on 9 April, but seemed to be settling down to a legitimate operation on 8 May. Thus, I would say KO was founded March 22 1982 ± 1 month ② ♀567 moved to KO 20 June ± 2 months First seen at KO on 23 Feb + 9 Mar, but back at A1 20 Mar, 9 April, 18 April, 21 April, Missing from A1 on 27 June, 17 Aug. For sure at KO 19, 23 Aug.

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1982 R. L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Keep Out 8 Oct Keep out is definitely in business! Lots of green acorns stored here already, and I see ♂706 Red/Corn-Dom ♀567 Red/Red M/Red was conspicuous here yesterday, plus a third bird, which I presume is ♂705. 0800, ♀567 seen again, defending the granary. No hub?! 0905, (co-fim) ♂705 DBlue/Red-white. All here 7Da Walked by 0945, flushing 3 birds. Arcanonical number of acorns (~400) stored here. 1130, walking by again I get ♀567 Red/Red ♂705 DBlue/Red-wht put ♂706 maybe missing 1215, Nope, ♂706 m Red/Corn-Dom here, too. Complete census.

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1982 R. L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert 12 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂284, ♂582, ♂848 all disappeared 1 July 1981 ± 2 mon. Last seen late April - early May. Gone by October. ② ♂583 disappeared 1 Nov 1981 ± 2 weeks Last seen on 14 Oct 1981, gone by, 10 ± 20 Nov. ③ ♂545 founds as adult 8/11/01 ± 1 week ♂624 " " " ♂691 " " juv All 3 were at Blacks Oak 22 Oct 1981, first seen at Lambert 10 November ④ ♀652 founds Lambert as adult 8/11/01 ± 1 week First seen at Lambert 10 Nov, intruding at UA2 on 14 Oct 27 Jan 1110 4280 watching. Finally do OK here. ♂624 Blue-Red / Blue-Red, ♂545 tBlue / Metal ♀652 Yellow / Corn all seen in the Lambert area. ♂691 pBlue-Yellow (N) / Corn and ♂624 were seen in the keep out area earlier, about 1030. 1200, ♂691 finally seen in the Lambert area, so a complete census up here. But... A 5th bird is around, whose left leg bands I read as ♂ B Pink / Metal, absolutely unresolvable with any other Black Oak birds. Could it be the old Lambert ♂[illegible]583? Will have to check. Seems friendly (or at least not aggressive) with the other birds, although I have seen some chases up here. Will I ever figure out what's going on up here? Sample of 50 acorns taken from the down limb, + replaced with an equivalent number.

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert 20 Feb Big doings here! 0830, a POWER STRUGGLE! Heres the situation: ① 652 is being seriously challenged by a group of 3 (I'm pretty sure) unbanded 99, and 652 Yellow/Lbrn is losing! The 3 99 are looking very friendly with the 8♂, and seem to have full control of the fence-line trees. 2 of the 99 seem to lack tail spots, while the 3rd is heavily tail spotted and has a broken retrix. 652 is limited to the broken top Valley Oak and the fallen limb, and although this is where most of the acorns are, she seems to be losing out. ② The 3 Lambert 8♂ are here: 88 545 and 624 are especially conspicuous, 669 seen briefly. But also here are other Black Oak helper 8♂: 8497 M/Blk-Red Lbrn/DBlue 546 cm-081/M (especially prevalent doing a lot of chasing it seems) and 8689 or/white. ③ About 4 additional 9 NB hanging around as well: TOTAL PARTICIPANTS = 15 or so. No other strange banded 8♂, but I got a glimpse of somebody I thought might have been BP.M (8583), so I should keep looking. ④ The usual amount of vekating, gerricking, etc. 8♂ still showing a fair amount of aggression toward the 99. Even saw 689 peck 652! 0950, 713 Yellow/Blk or of Black also here, but very peripheral 1030, 652 seems to be shifting a bit to the 2nd fence tree

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1982 P.L. Mumme Melanotopes fornicivorus Lambert (20 Feb) 1045, Alan watching, I count stores: Fallen limb HNHP 2650 Broke- Valley Oak 325 → Fallen Limb, Lambert ~550 Fireline area 150 3675 TOTAL Big surprise was the fallen limb on the Lambert side had a shiftload (~550) acrons. Only remember a couple there before 1110, Alan reports 2 ♀NB with tail spots. Also, he thinks there may have 4 cooperating ♀♀ here. will definitely bear further watching. 1120, A bit more, perhaps just 3 ♀NB here, as I originally suspected. 2 may indeed have tail spots. But it looks like ♀652 is definitely losing. By now, the 3 ♀NB are looking tight with the ♂, and have take-over both the broken hop tree and the fallen HNHP limb, ♀652 is not to be seen. 23 Feb Alan watched here this morning, and reports 3 ♀NB looking in control of the situation, and ♂8545 and 624: ♂671 not around, and ♀652 nowhere to be seen. 26 Feb While watching at Blanco, I hear a bit of exaggerated wakas coming from here on occasion. 9 March Alan watches here, reports 3 ♀NBs, 3546 and ♂689 (from Black Oak) but no other Lambert ♂. (?) We go back up to Lambert, Alan sits while I

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1982 R.L. Mumme 4 Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert (9 March) wander around looking for birds, F get the same results he had: 2 or 3 ♀NB, ♂546 L6m-DBlue M and ♂689 M/orange. Where have all the other ♂ gone? It makes no sense that they would have gone back to Black Oak. Have they moved elsewhere with ♀652? Or have they all been nailed by something (perhaps together at a roost hole)? Doesn't make a lot of sense, I'll have to admit For added confusion, I saw ♂689 peck at one of the ♀NB, rather hard. So we may not have 3 ♀♀ here, come April. Also, wandering around NW of the Lambert granary F come across Bar-B-Q, first time I'd ever seen that granary. It had acorns and, what's more, I believe I saw one of the Lambert birds fly there and get an acorn. Could it be a Lambert adjunct? If so, that screws up my acorn counts. As always, more questions than answers about the Arnold. Will have to try, try again. * 10 March GROUP UPDATE *** (Leaving ♂624, 691, 545 for now) ♀652 forced to leave group 820222 ± 1 day See- losing the power-struggle there on 20 Feb, gone by 23 Feb. ♀860, 861 862 immigrate to Lambert 22 Feb 1982 ± 1 day 3 cooperating ♀♀ seen winning the power-struggle 20 Feb. En complete control by 820223 ♂546, 689 move to Lambert 824@ 1 March 1982 ± 1 weeks, Seen participating in PS 20 Feb, not seen there 23 Feb, but comfortably in by 9 March.

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1982 R.L. Munne 5 Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert 9 April Counted stores, 1200: Fallen Limb 1275 Broken Valley Oak 425 Fence area 65 1765 TOTAL Also, there are no stored acorns on the fallen tree on the Lambert side of the fence. Most were eaten out of the shell: Perhaps rodents ate most of them? Windy, birds keeping a very low profile. I saw three birds flush from the 1st fence tree at one point, but ♂545 cBlue/m I saw a ♀NB near Keep Out, that could have been Lambert. 21 April A quick look here, I see ♂546 c6n-DBlue/m, ♂624 cBlue-Rod/cBlue-Red, and a heavily tail-spotted ♀. Between this watch, and Alan's watch here 18 April and my watch here at Black Oaks 18 April, I think it's pretty clear that 3 males are here: ♂545, ♂546, ♂624; The other 2 ♂, 691 + 689, have returned to Black Oaks by 18/4/71. No action in any holes here. 30 April Successful Ambush here: I catch 4 birds roosting in the old E-facing hole in the second fenceline tree: 2 heavily tail spotted ♀ (now ♀719 + ♀720) and ♂624 + ♂546. ♂546, the devil, did not come out until 0800 (0900). I also had the impression that, (after letting the birds go), there may well be 6 birds around, meaning the third ♀ might still be here

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes fornicivorus Lambert 4 may Ala watches here today + reports 3 ♀♀, 1 ♀NB ad ♀♀ 719+720! So we do have 3 ♀♀! 5 may Uh oh. walking up here 1645, I am surprised to find a ♂ woodpecker looking out of a N-facing hole in the "holey" (more southerly) fe-celine tree. I climb up, open the hole, and am chagrined to find only 6 eggs! Not good evidence for 3 laying ♀♀, I must admit. In fact one of the eggs was useless -- a puncture hole about 3mm wide at the "sharp end", and all liquid drained out. I removed this egg, but left the other 5. The eggs were all quite opaque, and I guessed ~ day 8 in the incubation sequence, but I suppose they could be as early as day 5, or as late as day 10. Some points: ① If they are ~ 5 or 6, my ambush on 30 April could have really screwed up the two ♀♀ I caught. Certainly if 40 didn't look like those two ♀♀ were in the process of laying eggs. I didn't feel any eggs inside them. I will have to find out for certain when these eggs hatch. ② Could only one ♀ (♀NB) contributed to this clutch? I must be alert for the possibility of other nests on the territory, 8 may Checked hole, 1400. Still 5 warm eggs, and it doesn't look like they are going to hatch immediately. So Every well could have screwed things up here with my ambush. 11 may Walked by, 1800. Flushed ♂ from hole, and I hear noisy babies! Good! This means hatching was probably 10 May

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1982 R.L.Mumme 6a Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert Nest Record 5 May Find ♂ looking out of the new hole in the holey Fenceline tree, 1700. Opened hole: 6 eggs eggs about 8 days ± 2 days. One egg badly damaged, hole in shaped, all liquid drained. That egg removed, leaving 5, which seemed OK. 8 May Opened hole, 1400 5 eggs marked & measured ① 23.9 × 18.7 ② 24.7 × 18.3 ③ 24.0 × 19.1 ④ 24.3 × 18.5 ⑤ 23.5 × 19.0 removed 6th egg 23.4 × 19.3 11 May Eggs have hatched! 22 May Opened hole, 1300: 3 nestlings eyes beginning to open, ~12 days: No sign of other eggs or young. 31 May Banded 3 fine nestlings, now Juvs 775-777. (see capture records)

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1982 R.C. Munne 7 Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert (11 May) which means I probably didn't screw up the egg-laying by my ambush, since the clutch was probably complete about the 29th 18 May Alan watched here 1½ hr, saw only ♂545 feed 22 May Checked the hole, 1300: 3 nice 12-13 day old nestlings. I also looked at other holes, in the remote chance that there may be another nest here, too, but found nobody looking out of holes, 31 May 1230: Banded & bled 3 Nestlings (see capture records), now Juvs. #775-777 7 June Counted stores, 1600: Fallen limbs 675 Broken Top Valley Oak 50 Fireline area 10 735 TOTAL 14 June 1700 I walk up here to look for a possible second nest. Flushed several birds, and I think I heard a fledged juvenile among them. But no sign of a second nest 18 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂689 + ♂691 returned to Black Oaks 20 March 1982 ± 2 weeks (see Black Oaks notes) LB116/M 27 June A quick look here 0715, Very quiet. Only ♂545 seen, and no sign of a second nest. Still some acorns around 17 Aug Counted stores, 1645. 0 Total! These birds ran out in a hurry.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert 9 Sept Tried a double ambush here, but the only bird we got was ♀720 7 Dec Finally, a good watch at Lambert, 0945-1130. I find ♂546 Lbrn/DBlue ♀624 LBlue-Red/LBlue-Red M / Red-Yellow J♀ 775 D Pink/Yellow ♀720 Red/Yellow/Red J♂ 777 BIK/Llutt-Lbrn : All were seen well and repeatedly (at least 5X each), leading me to conclude that 545, 719, 7862(NB) or J776 have all disappeared. Lots of activity. The group was bothered throughout the watch by a ground squirrel that seemed to be gathering acorns from the fallen limb and carrying them to the north fereline tree (a hollow limb therein) and caching them. The woodpeckers mobbed it continuously, but I saw the squirrel make at least 5 such trips

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1982 R. L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Fanny Arnold 12 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂6S1 disappeared 21 Sept 1981 ± 2 weeks Last seen FA 30 Aug 1981. Gone by 14 Oct ② ♀6S2 left group 21 Sept 1981 ± 2 weeks Last seen at FA 30 Aug 1981. Absent + introducing at UA2 on 14 Oct. ③ ♀567 moves as adult 25 Sept 1981 ± 2 weeks First noted at FA on 14 October 1981 20 Feb A realness here. Alan watches from 1200-1300, ad sees just 1 ♂NB. I sneak a look here, 1430, ad find 4-5 unbodied birds! at least 2 (probably 3) ♂NB and one or 2 ♀NB. Don't have the foggiest as to what the happens is here. I can't believe all these birds plan on staying. Still around here, ad Alan saw a ♀NB store an acorn! Some could be spillover from the lauber power struggle, but everyone seems friendly to each other. 1510, well. A big dominance interaction (lots of poking, chatters) between 2 ♂NB in the gramary. I will have to come back. End 1515 23 Feb Things starting to make sense here. I flush or see 5 birds when I walk by at 1315. Then, In the trees just south ad west of Keep Out, FEi-d ♂567 M/Red, ad (more importantly, ♂705 DBue/Red-wr. Certainly supports the notion that the FA residents were indeed booted out! 1340, confirm ♂706 M/Lon-DBrn. So all 3 FA originals are up here near Keep Out 9 March Watching at the edge of Keep Out - Fanny Arnold, keeping

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Fanny Arnold (9 march) an eye on both places. At FA, I see at least 4 birds. 2♂, 2♀, all apparently unbanded. Near keep out its a mess. I do find ♀567 M/Red and ♂705 in the trees about 50 m SW of the KO granary, but I also find shithloads of unbanded birds as well, and ♂100 Yellow-Down/Yellow DGreen. All seemed to be Sapgurking (or interested in sapgurking) from a Valley Oak in that area. (Sapsucker + Nuttall's woodpecker also Sapgurking there). Anyway, it doesn't look like the FA birds have certainly moved into Keep Out. 1300, now ♂567 back at the Al granary. See A notes Also, alan watches here, he sees a certain 2♀ and 3 (probably) ♂ So still a 5-bird group here. 10 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ♂705, ♂706, ♀567 forced to leave group on [illegible] 8 Feb 1982 ± 1week. ♂567 and 2♂ (presumably 705+706) were last seen there 27 Jan. Appeared to have been gone for some time by 20 Feb, ♂863, 864, 865, ♀866, 867 move to Fanny Arnold 8 Feb 1982 ± 1week. Almost certainly forced the residents to leave 21 April A pass by, 1130: At least 3 birds still around, but these guys are decidedly marginal as far as stored acorns go. I would say that they are effectively OUT! One bird here is a ♀NB. A second ♀ in the granary is chased out after a minute, by 2 birds. 5 May A quick look, 1800. 2 ♀NB seen, and a suggestion anyway of a 3rd bird. Definitely out of acorns, well, very few

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1992 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Fanny Arnold 11 May On 8 May I saw a ♀ looking out of a high, N-facing hole in the combination roost tree - partial granary Valley Oak near the fence line. Today at 1500 I struggle up to the hole, open it, and find 4 eggs, far along in incubation (~8-10 days), one of which had appeared slightly pipped. At any rate, 4 eggs is a pretty miserable clutch for a group where I expected 2♀ to nest. 2 points: ① One egg was a runt (see NB for details), so perhaps it was 2♀. ② Since this group of UB birds all moved in together perhaps it was a family that had lost its granary and opted to take over F/t. If this is true, one of the 2♀UB could be a helper. This is not at all unlikely. But we certainly won't learn anything more until I get these devils banded. 22 May Strolling by at 1340, the nest seems to be active still. Saw a ♀NB feed + fly at the nest, then go to a Valley Oak to sapsuck. The birds here may nest successfully in spite of the lack of acorns, 3 June Banded 2 extremely healthy nestlings here, now juvs. #796 & 797, despite the fact that Fanny Arnold is totally out of acorns. 12 June A baby looking out of the nest hole, 1330 27 June A brief look here 0900: Both Juvs 796 OBlue-Yel/CBlue-Yellow and 797 white/OBlue-Ard alive + well here, being fed by 2 ♀NB and a ♂NB.

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Fanny Arnold Nest Record 8 May ♀ looking out of high hole (facing N) in Roost tree (Valley Oak) - partial granary. 11 May Opened hole, 1500 4 eggs ~day 8-10, one appeared ① 26.7 x 19.2 ② 27.2 x 18.6 ③ 26.3 x 19.1 ④ 20.2 x 15.5 (Runt!) 3 June Banded 2 fatt sassy nestlings here, now Juvs. #796r 797. Scenotes + capture records 12 June A baby looking out of the hole here

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1982 R.L. Murme Melanerpes formicivorus Fanny Arnold 16-17 July Failed ambush attempt here at the old ambush hole. Nobody roosted, even though 3 were flushed from the hole on the night of 14 July. 26 July Walking by 1635, F see both J796 + J797 up around the Al Golden Oak. 19 Aug Good watch here, 1630-1830. Quite sure that this group now contains 2 ♀NB, 1 ♂NB, and the two juveniles, J796 + J797. All 3 of the adults were seen simultaneously at least two times. The two adult ♀ were especially conspicuous, sapsucking from a spindly Valley Oak at the head of the FA draw. 23 Aug ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① [illegible] Two ♂NB (♂864, 865) disappeared ~ March ± 2 weeks Three ♂NB here for sure 23 Feb, 2♂ only on 9 March, 1♂ on 9 April, and no evidence of more than 1♂ on 21 April, 5 May, 11 May. 6 Sept Successful ambush here, catching a ♀NB and a ♂ NB (and Juv 797, probably in ♂ plunge). The new birds are ♂834 and ♂835. 7 Dec Walk by, 1215, Este ♀834 whit-BLK/M , and four other birds ([illegible]), so it looks like F/4 still has 5 birds. 1300, confirm ♀867 NB at J♀796 Blue-Yel/LBlue-Yellow On 8 Oct ala Saw ♂835 + ♂ Juv 797.

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Upper Arnold 2 12 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J682, J683 not seen after banding. ② 9621 disappeared about 30Sept 1981 ± 2 weeks ③ 9591 11 11 1 Sept 1981 ± 1 month 9621 last seen on 13 Sept, gone for sure on 14 Oct 9591 last seen on 17 July, gone for sure on 14 Oct 9591's disappearance could have been precipitated by the death of 9621, but we don't know. ④ 9632 moves as adult to UA2 1 Oct 1981 ± 2 weeks Not here on 13 Sept, but present and aggressive on 14 Oct, originated from Lambert. 27Jan Walking by, 1500, a large limb from the 2° granary has fallen: Will have to get a hole count next time I come up. Some of it is still usable. I took a sample of 50 acorns from the fallen limb. Also, I got a glimpse of a ♀, metal/? (Call Esaw), which would certainly suggest that 9632 is still here 20Feb Counting stores, 1400. It looks like this limb loss was ~ 600 storage holes, with 250 still usable. Total loss was thus 350 holes "2°" granary 1175 "1°" granary 1075 2250 TOTAL Also managed to hallucinate a complete census, birds seen across S Ravine and at a great Alstare. ♂123 D Blue/Metal, 8590 M/Dom-Com. ♂681 Yellow/M ♂632 M/Red-wht.

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Upper Arnold 2 7 June Counted stores here, 1645: "2" grany 750 "1" grany 550 1300 TOTAL 14 June A quick pass 1730: Saw a recently fledged juvenile looking out of one of the holes in the 4-hole stub below the two grany trees. I should check that again, but otherwise no evidence of a second nest 27 June Watching here 0830-0900. 3 Juves seen well: 778 M /CBlue-Red', 780 unt-Dorn/CBlue and 781 Link/DBlue-unt(CA) The other, 779, is probably around as well. No sign of a second nest, and no good looks at any adults. 17 Aug Counted stores, 1830 "2" grany 140 "1" grany 60 200 TOTAL

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1982 R.L. Manne Melanerpes formicivorus Upper Arnold 2 Nest Record 2 May A ♂ Looking out of the upper hole in the Blue Oak nest tree, 1000: ~5-6 days old 1215, Hole opened, eggs marked + measured ① 26.4 x 20.1 ② 25.4 x 19.3 ③ 25.3 x 19.9 ④ 26.4 x 20.3 ⑤ 26.0 x 20.0 14 May Checked hole 1420: 20-25g (~6 days) no sign of 5th egg or young 4 nestlings 31 May 1330, Banded + bled 4 nestlings Now Juvs # 778-781 (see capture records)

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1982 R. L. Munne Melanerpes fornicivorus Upper Arnold 2 9 April Counted stores, 1500 hrs: "2" granary 1050 "1" granary 1100 TOTAL 2150 While counted, ♂681 or/yellow showed up, chasing a rather persistent Nuthatch, and then, in the big VD E of the main granary area, I saw 2 ♀♀, at least one of which was unbanded. Not what I wanted to see, given all the unbanded birds up here. Not absolutely certain if the ♀♀ really belonged here. Unfortunately, it started to rain, so I couldn't hang around. 2 May Walking up here at 1000 with Alan, we find a ♂ looking out of the upper opened hole in the Blue Oak nest tree. Climbing up later at 1215, I find 5 eggs about 5-6 days old, perhaps, I would guess hatching may occur about 9 May, and barring improved information around that date, banding around 31 May. Also, the facts that ① Clutch is small ② Nest is relatively early ③ Eggs are nearly all the same size ④ All indicate that there are probably not two new ♀NB here, but we will have to watch the nest some to find out for sure. 14 May Checked nest: 1420: 4 nice-looking nestlings, with no sign of a 5th egg: Young about 5-6 days old. 31 May Banded-bled 4 nestlings, Juns # 778-781. See nest + capture records.

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1982 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Arnold 2 23 Feb Counted stores here, 1230: As usual, they were spend all over the place, but I counted 620 total Also, saw 9637 LPink/BIR as I walked up. Also, ♂611 DBlue-wrt/6count, chasing a nuthatch 9 April Counted stores, 1400. 325 TOTAL Nobody in any holes, no birds period. 26 April A nest in the back hole here: 3 eggs! 2 May Opened up the back hole here to find 5 eggs, marked + measured: See nest record for details. This means that the clutch was probably completed on 28 April, so we could expect hatching by 9 May and banding by 31 May 14 May Opened hole (seenest record): 3 nestlings (one quite abit smaller than the other two) ~5-6days old. Certainly 2 of these should fledge. Also, 2 unhatched eggs were present. One was infertile, rotten- liquid center (I know, because I broke it accidentally. Yecch!), and one contained a fairly well developed embryo. 31 May Banded x bled 3 healthy nestlings See Nest record & capture records. Now Juvs # 782-784. 7 June Counted stores, 1700: 225 Also, a baby looking out of the nest hole here. 14 June Breezed by here, 1730: No sign of a 2nd nest 18 June **GROUP UPDATE** ① 9697 disappeared 25 Dec 1982 ± 2 months Last seen 2 Nov 1981, missing on 20 Feb

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Arnold 2 Nest Record April 26 May Flush a bird from the back hole 3 eggs 1800 hrs. Peeped in. 2 May Opened hole after flushing 9 from 5 eggs nest: 1200, Eggs measured ① 27.0 x 20.3 ② 27.0 x 20.6 ③ 26.3 x 19.5 ④ 27.1 x 19.7 ⑤ 26.6 x 20.3 14 May Opened hole, 1330 3 nestlings 2 un-hatched eggs: 1 infertile 1 developed embryo. (→783) (→784) (→785) ① BIK-Red ② LBlue-Orange ③ NB 29.5 g 25.8 g 13.8 g 31 May weight 83.0g 86.5 g 72.0 g 1430 wing 86 85 70 crown seq 1 2 3 Banded all 3 nestlings (+ bleed)

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1982 R. L. Mumme 2 Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Arnold 2 27 June Here at 1100: No sign of a second nest, but an adult ♂ and J782 Corn/Yellow-Corn Seen here. 26 July Not a bad watch here, 1700-1900. All 3 Juveniles 782 Corn/M, 783 M/LBlue-or, 784 Dcorn/DBlue-Yell(M) LPink/BIR plus Q637 M/Black. The big news is that the long lost Q697 Black-Yellow/M was here, too! Not seen since last November. I don't know if she's been here all along or has just returned, or is just visiting. Saw her only once, briefly but clearly. At least 1 adult ♂ (probably ♂611 , ♀ but not sure) here as well. 17Aug Counted states, 1830. Main granny 45 Elsewhere 0 TOTAL 45 23Aug ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① Reinstate Q697. She did not disappear ~25 Dec 1981. Still Present at LA2 on 26th July 1982. It is quite possible that she left temporarily during spring before returning, but our watches here were so poor it is better to say she was probably here all along. 11Dec Watching here, 0900-1030, ♂611, Q637 Q697 Q698 (not seen since April) and J♂782 ad J♀783. Only J784 (probably gone) not seen.

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Bianca 27 Jan walk by, 1600, it looks like hard times ahead for these birds. Only 40 acorns in the knoll tree, I did see a bird here briefly, I believe a ♀NB, so somebody is probably still around. Perhaps not for long, though. Down at main area, a limb with about 60 acorns has fallen. Allent? prop it up, so maybe 50 are still usable, plus 10 others still in a branch. Make it 100 acorns total here. Oops, a couple of other strawny Black Oak branches have a fair # of acorns. Maybe 200 more or so, so 300 total Doing better than I thought. 26 Feb Watching here, 1700. Maybe down to a pair here. I saw a ♂ + ♀, both UB, near the S edge of the copse separating BO & Bianca. ♀NB ate buds for me, too. So far, no evidence of other birds around, so perhaps the other 2 birds I saw here in the fall have split. Certainly a pair makes more sense here, given the poor garage + acorn situation. 1715, Whoops, I jumped the gun. A second ♀ around, also UB. So at least 3 birds still here. These guys are still in contention for a 2-♀ communal nest. Not at all incredible that 4th bird around as well. 9 March A quick peek at 1015, again 1 ♂, 2 ♀, all NB. Maybe a threesome here. When I first walked up, I saw what I thought was a 4th bird, but it appeared to be in the process of being mildly chased by the other 3. 10 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ♂868 869, ♀♀ 870, 871 found Bianca (age unknown) 1 Nov 1981†First noted, w/ stored acorn, 3 Dec 1981.

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1982 R.L. Rumme Melanerpes formicivorus Bianca 21 April A hole check, 1300: Nobody in any holes, but at least two birds still around here. Still a few acorns remaining down in the Black Oak. 2 May I walk past here, 1145, and flush a bird out of the low broken stub hole in the Blue Oak near the main area here. Back at 1300, I climb up, peek in, and find 8 eggs, including 1 conspicuous rart! Ah, Bianca lives, with 2 laying 99 (for sure)! Plenty of acorns still here. Will have to open this soon. Banding the birds here wouldn't hurt, either 4 May Opened the hole here, 1000. Mystery. Only 6eggs here now, and the rart is gone. What's more, nobody was incubating when I arrived. Has this nest failed? Will have to check later. Otherwise, these eggs opaque, appear to be about day 8 in development. Tentatively expect hatching 8 May, and banding 30 May 14 May No, the nest hasn't failed. 1300, I climb up and find 4 babies, the largest of which do weighed 25g, so thus 6-8 days old is a pretty good guess, and I will push the banding date up to 29 May 29 May As promised, I band 4 healthy nestlings (now juvs. 763-766). See capture records. 27 June A check here at 0915. An adult ♂, a juv, and a sex unknown adult seen as I walk up. No sign of M/Blecks 2nd nest activity. Also, a ♀NB seen ad Juv. 763 In fact, I got the impression that only 3 birds (2 adults) are still here

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Bianca Nest Record 2 May Flush bird from broke-dead stub hole low in Blue Oak in the main Bianca area. Backat 1300, Peeping in- 8 eggs (1 certain runt, 7 appeared normal) 4 May Opened hole (tough) 1000 6 eggs (? ?) runt missing. Eggs opaque, maybe day 8 Nobody incubating when I arrived. Nest abandoned? 8 May Q in hole, 1600. 14 May Checked hole, 1300, 4 babies, 6-8 days, no unhatched eggs 29 May Banded + bled 4 nestlings, now Juvs #763-766. See capture records for details

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1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Bianca 18 Aug Tried to watch here 1700-1830, but very confusing. For sure I saw 2 ♀NB and 1 ♂NB, and I think all three of them belonged to each other. I saw no Bianca babies however, and it seems quite likely that all are gone. However, I also saw a Juv NB that seemed to be molting into ♀ plumage (where did she come from) that wasn't really being chased around by what I perceived to be the pitti residents. All these birds were hanging around both sides of Bianca ravine, near the "head". To make matters more confusing, Black Oak birds were getting mixed up with everybody, too. 23 Aug ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① One ♂NB (♂869) disappeared ~ 20 Jan ±6 weeks Present at Bianca 3 Dec, missing 9 March. 4 Oct Very strange happenings here, 3-4 Oct. At 0730 on 3 Oct, while Bill (Carmen + I) were doing the Acorn count, I heard a woodpecker tapping from inside a hole in the Bianca VO "nest" tree (from years ago). We determined that was the bird was in an old opened hole, that seemed to be blocked from inside by a piece of wood. I returned at 1730, just before dark, climbed the tree, and found the hole completely blocked (from inside) by a piece of wood. I pushed the piece into the hole and looked in with the flex life, and immediately saw a ♂ Acorn woodpecker looking at me. I tried to saw him out, but it got quite dark, so I put a couple of nails over the hole

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1982 R.L. Mumme 4 Melanerpes formicivorus Bianca (4 Oct) to block it until morning, I returned at 0630 on 4 Oct to find that the ♂ (presumably) had escaped. He actually succeeded in prying off one of the nails, either late yesterday evening or this morning before I arrived. I climbed up, opened the hole, and found a death 70g ♀ NB, who had no doubt starved to death in the blocked hole. She had been dead at least 24 hrs, so I'm certain she was dead the night of 3 Oct. How long the birds had been trapped there, I don't know. The ♂ certainly had the strength to get out, but I have to wonder how healthy he is. The big question is, of course, how the hell did the two birds get trapped inside? My guess is that the piece of wood from the cut came loose (or was worked loose) and in trying to shove it out of the hole, the birds jammed it in and trapped themselves. Pretty dumb, but since the piece that trapped them was from the cut, I'd have to say that the ♀ died of unnatural causes! 11 Dec Weird stuff upon the knoll, 0930, in the "favorite" VO perch tree near LA2, lots of action. At least 5 Black Oak birds (♀8497, ♀741, ♂742, ♂743, ♂744) and some ♂+♀NB hanging out. Some LA2 birds were in the picture for a while, too. Even saw ♀741 chase somebody else. What's going on? ♂742 also chased somebody. 1030, It looks like the BO birds have been gathering acorns from a tree in S. Ruine, and they seem to have taken over the knoll. Also, there are no acorns stored in the VO just below the

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1982 R.C. Numme Melanerpes formicivorus Bianca (11 Dec) the knoll perch tree. Further down the ridge, and especially in the VO furthest down, there are a fair # of acorns, and I've not seen any of the BO birds down there. What's more, the BO birds are carrying the acorns they gather back to Black Oak. So I would guess that Bianca is still occupied by NB birds. I saw a ♂+♀NB on the knoll chased by Black Oak birds, so those could have been the Bianca residents. 1115, yes, down in the core Bianca area I see a ♂NB and a ♀NB

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Outer Planets 14may Today I wander across to the far side of S Ravine to look for peripheral woodpecker nests. And these nests are about as peripheral as you can get. See the map on the back for details of where the groups are Saturn--without much effort at all, I find the nest here. It's a ridiculous hole, in a dead, paper thin stub of a Valley Oak 20m s of the gra-ary. I get it open and manage to patch it back together well enough, and found 4 healthy babies, 8-10 days old. I should band them no later than 26may The gra-ary, here, is a very nice live + dead Valley Oak, with lots of acorns still present (Cranus-- Didn't even know about this group until I got over here. A few acorns in a dead Bleached stub (very large, but short) and also some acorns in some dead limbs of a nearby live Valley Oak. Two birds flushed, but not any holes or nests found. Whoa, just as I'm leaving I flush a bird out of a nice hole in a Blue Oak. I climb up, open it, and find 3eggs fairly fresh (~3days) A pretty winpy group here, but good nonetheless to get the nest Jupiter This gra-ary is just off the reservation, which is unfortunate. It's truly one of the most impressive Valley Oak gra-aries I've ever seen. The nest is undoubtedly off too. Whoa, 1700 I see a terrific pack of 3! Serious mateguarding, so I guess they haven't nested yet. Jupiter seems to own a huge chunk of

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Outer Planets (14 May) Altho real estate along the fence line, including several good Valley Oaks loaded with holes. I saw the "pack" fly all around the area, so I assume it is all one huge group. (?) Neptune -- a dead stub Valley Oak granary being outgrown by a madrone. Probably part of Jupiter, but I'm not positive. Acorns still present. Pluto -- Nice group based around 3 Valley Oaks along a nice flat downhill (through a beautiful Black Oak woodland) from Neptune. Lots of acorns, + lots of nice looking holes, but no nest. I will try here again 26 May Walkover here, 0930: First I visit Saturn to find 4 nice-looking babies. I band them, and they are now Juvs # 732-735! Plenty of acorns here still. I swing past Uranus, and flush a bird from the nest there, and I here plenty of begging. The babies have indeed hatched. and they sound ~ 5 days old or so. Acorns still present here, too. Then, down to Pluto at 1030, but I again strike out as far as finding a nest goes. Surely there must be one. Plenty of acorns + potential nest holes. Whoa, just as I'm walking up, I find a large VO with a couple of holes up right next to the fence (see map back of page 1), and I think I hear baby woodpecker noises coming from

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1982 R.C. Munne 3 Melanerpes formicivorus Outer Planets (26may) one of them, though I wasn't convinced of this. The Lole, unfortunately, would be a real bitch to get to, and at this stage of the game I'll let it Slide: maybe next year. Then on the return trip, I finally see a good set of 2 granary trees right at the SW corner of the reservation. The fence forms a little triangle here, and there are two nice trees well stocked with acorns. Though one of the trees has some OK-looking roost holes, I suspect that the nest here would be off the reservation. Nonetheless, I shall dub this group Mars 12June 1400 I walk over here (with Janet, Joanne, + Mary Peacock) and band two nestlings at Uranus, Now Juvs. 802 + 803 The third egg in that nest did not hatch. Uranus is now absolutely OUT of acorns, so it is definitely not one of the stellar groups on the reservation. Also walked by Saturn, where I flushed a few birds and found plenty of stored acorns, but no sign of a second nest

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1982 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Robertson Canyon, Hastings Reservation 27 Feb 1300-1500, Alan, Janet & I do a bit of exploring for woodpecker groups up Robertson Canyon.

HNHR Gate Robinson Creek 4-5 Woodpeckers hanging out here, including banded (?) ♀ → to Barges Sycamores (Pehtups or perhaps not same group) HNHR fence Martin Road WINNECKER clearing WALLY 1 Shephill Sycamore Cemetery THE BEAU FREGEAS Valley Oak, partially fallen Gate

1981 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Poison Oak Hill 23 Nov Strolling around up here, 1230 - , I make the following notes on the status of the groups up here; (see map, reverse) ① PO Hill #1 -- Occupied + doing well: About 300 or so acorns stored in the various limbs: One small section of the main branch had fallen, with about 50 acorns, and I lodged it back up in the tree. All the stored acorns were agrifolia, (the only acorns I saw on the ground on the way up were agrifolia ② PO Hill #2 -- Marginal, at best. Maybe 10 or 20 stored in the Valley Oak. Will have to check again, later. ③ Revolution -- Unoccupied; scant few storage holes after the fire. ④ Finch Ridge -- Occupied + doing pretty well. A Valley oak granary: Both lobata and agrifolia acorns in the storage limbs: a banded ♂ Metal/DBlue (pretty sure), DBlue-Wht/Mauve or Blue (a guess) seen further down the ridge may belong to this group. ⑤ Low Post -- occupied, though not many acorns yet; Live Oaks nearby have a good crop. Valley Oak, back-style granary; Metal/CPink (probably) A banded ♂, Br-Or/Red (a wild guess) almost certainly is in this group. ⑥ Post Flat -- One of the two 'guardian' VO's near the lower edge is the granary. Well-stocked with acorns; ⑦ False summit -- unoccupied, apparently for some years ⑧ Far Summit -- occupied, doing fairly well, acorn wise. Small VO granary, much poison oak around past

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1982 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Poison Oak Hill 12 May 0800, I finally make the long postponed trip up here to find nests. Right away I get lucky and flush a bird from a very low hole in a large Blue Oak at PO Hill #1. The tree was right along the ridge right in the center of the main granary area. I climb up open the hole (a bit uncomfortable) and find 3 babies, (about 4 days old) and 2 unhatched eggs. The eggs differed greatly in size ① 23.5 X 19.4 and ② 25.2 X 18.1 ② Also had a puncture wound, and all contents had been drained out. The other egg was undeveloped. Still Acorns at PO Hill #1, too. PO Hill #2 -- Lots of acorns, surprisingly, in the big Valley Oak on the ridge 200 m above PO Hill #1. No nest found, but a Big Black Oak 30 m NE of the granary, had several tasty-looking holes in it. I will check it again on the way back. No other holes seen on a rather cursory Search. Revolution -- No stores, no birds, nothing going on in what remains of this territory. Post Flat -- A truly impressive number of acorns here, plus, I find the nest that has long eluded Walter A definite nest (adults feeding + brooding) in a large, totally fire-killed Valley Oak 200 m ESE of the granary, along the ridge that forms the S boundary of Post Flat. It seems a bit farther away from the granary than is usual, but I couldn't [illegible] find any other granaries in the vicinity of the nest tree, and it seemed like the birds were shuttling back and forth

Post Flat (I think this is the nest of the Post Flat group, but I could be mistaken) Post Flat gra- 200 m Dud VO Nest tree ridge Low Post Post Flat Low Post gra- 2° gra-my 100m down ridge Valley Oak Blue Oak flat Probable nest tree, large V-shaped Valley Oak with burned crotch, On S side of flat

1982 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Poison Oak Hill (12 May) Unfortunately, I'm not sure I want to try getting up to it. Its about 50-60 feet up in a fire killed VO, and it would require at least the big rope ladder to get to. I'll have to think about it, the birds here, however, seen remarkably tame. Low Post -- A good # of acorns still in the Valley Oak back-granary, which is only 30 m or so below Post Flat. Further down, I walk down + find a beautiful mixed VO-BO woodland on a fairly flat area, and a possible nest hole (See map back of page 1). I flushed a woodpecker out of a hole (I think) in a large V-shaped Valley Oak, with a burned crotch. I think the bird came out of the higher (of course) of the two holes. A rope ladder will definitely be needed. Probably in the egg stage. Also, some 20 storage limbs (one substantial one in a Blue Oak) just below the main granary. Finch Ridge -- (Poison Oak Hill #4 of Walter) I find the granary here absolutely out of acorns, and nobody in any holes, including the hole in the VO granary that Walter opened in 1980. 27 May Walked up here on another nest hunt. First I stop in at Poison Oak Hill #1, climb up to the nest, and band the three nestlings. They are now Javs. 745, 746 + 747. On up to PO Hill #2, and I am extremely lucky! Just as I walk up I see a bird fly from the granary to the Black Oak (mentioned on 12 May), go

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1982 R.L. Mumme 3 Melanerpes fornicivorus Poison Oak Hill (27 May) to a hole, and feed babies. What could be easier! Anyway, a nice easy hole in the Black Oak 20 M down the ridge from the granary. I had brought a short length of rope ladder up with me so I used it. In a pinch, the hole is probably accessible via webbing. Anyway, I saw it open, and [illegible] I am amazed to find 5 nestlings, perfect banding age (~20-21). I band them Juvs #748-752. By this time, it is getting late, so I will have to postpone (maybe cancel) PO #4 [Firn Ridge] and Low Post for another time. 15 Dec 1345, Walter +F climb up here, he sits a while to watch PO Hill #1 ± try PO Hill #2. 1415, nothing, I slip over to POY (FR) Q Mauve/Acr ? , plus at least 3 other birds at Firn Ridge, More may be banded. 1500, In between- FR and Low Post I see 2 banded ♂, 1 banded ♀, plus 1 ♀NB. Obviously, it will take some work here. Firn Ridge has few acorns: Probably a result of the fire, as the area around FR was badly burned. PO #1 + #2 are doing pretty well but I saw or heard no birds at #2.

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