Journal, v4151

Richardson, William B.

Unknown

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

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Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

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W.B. Richardson 1933-1941 Journal (incl. maps, photographs, newspaper clippings) 1933 Calif: Inyo Co., Little Lake 1934 Calif: Alameda, Tulare Cos. 1935 Calif: Tulare Co. 1936 Calif: Tulare, San Bernardino Cos. 1937 Calif:Yosemite Field School Camp 1941 Mexico: Baja islands Section on MVZ methodology and materials

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W.B. Richardson 1933-1941 Journal 1933 Calif: Inyo Co., Little Lake

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68 Wm.B. Richardson Little Lake, Calif. (Kern River) July 15, 1933. Little Lake often known as Little Kern Lake is located about three and one-half miles from Kern Canyon Ranger Station on the South boundary of Sequoia National Park. The lake itself is in no way connected with the river as is Big Kern Lake, but is separated by a narrow neck of land ranging from fifty to two hundred yards in width. The east side of the lake is against the Kern Canyon wall while the north and south sides are rocky slopes which have apparently at one time been land slides. The canyon wall and the slopes are more or less sparsely covered with yellow pine and oak. The strip of land between the lake and the river is densely covered with poplar, willow and yellow pine. The willows growing along the moist banks of the lake and river while the

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Poplar is thickly scatturd inbetwen with here and ther a yellow Pine. About on third of t he lake has been grown over with a stufy grass and here and ther are thick masses of water lillies. Th river opposite th lake is a sluggish stream while above and below are rapids. The lower rapids are quit abrupt consequently have caught many logs. This log jam has done a great deal in making the river into the extra sluggish stream that it is at this point. Most of my time today has been spent about camp strughtling and cleaning up. This morning I took a short walk between th lake and th river. Shot a Western Wood Pewee and a Mountain Chickadee This afternoon I set some traps all of which were set about camp so as to clean out th mice and rats that got into my grub last night. Later noturd a pair of Downy Woodpeckers feeding on the base of Poplar trees near camp. Shot th male bird.

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Little lake, Calif. July 14, 1933. Started early this morning for Conturno, a little store about three miles up the river, just inside the Sequoia Park boundary. On the trail above Big Kern Lake I shot an Audubon Warbler and a Luticent Warbler?. On the the return trip a Hairy Woodpecker and a Red-breasted Sapsucker were shot from Yellow Pine. The remainder of the day was spent in skinning the birds and a pair of Bushy-tailed Woodrats and a Paramaecium. The Woodrats were caught in a large rock pile. This damp and unpaving places had plowed their whorls about.

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Little Lake, Calif. July 17, 1933. Hunted early this morning in the Poplar and willow thicket between the Little Lake and the Kern River. Shot a & Downy Woodpecker and a Red-breasted Sap-sucker. Caught another Paromiscus in my traps about camp. Both of the Paromiscus taken were caught in a box nailed to an oak tree about six feet off the ground. None of the traps at the base of the tree or on the roots below the trap box had been touched. The remainder of the morning was spent skinning. This afternoon I set 5 small steel traps along the brushy banks of the Little Lake and the river. Set 9 or 10 coyote traps on game slopes of the Little Lake.

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Little Lake, Calif. July 18, 1933. Tended th traps early. No luck. After breakfast at about 6 o'clock I took a hike up Little Lake Creek. This small stream drops rapidly down a narrow gorge from a high bluff above Kern Canyon. It flows between the East shoot and the lake but is in no way connected with th lake. The absence of bird life along the stream was noticable, although it seemed an ideal place in that there were many willows and other low growing shrub. There were also many yellow, and sugar pinus and some cedar scattered about. The evidence of bird life was not noticed until I left the river at th rocky bluff and got into the oak and pine thickets. Here I shot a young bird of some variety a Mountain Chickadee and another unidentified bird 382. These birds were taken at about 1500 feet above the river (Kern). Returning I swung to the East and into th oakth in the East shoot. Here I shot a & Audubon

Weekly Most of the afternoon was spent in skinning. The latter part of the afternoon sent out a small trap line at on the rocky hill half of camp in hope of catching a weasel. During the afternoon Martha Daly brought into camp a small rattle snake that she had killed. It measured about 16 inches long and had 4 rattles and a button. On cutting the snake open we found a full grown gopher which it had evidently recently killed and swallowed.

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Little Lake, Calif. July 19 1933. Started early this morning for the brushy thicket at the north end of the Big Kun Lake. J.B. Conterno told me that they were Scarlet Tanagers that frequented that locality. On the way up I shot a Merganser. She was swimming down a quiet part of the Kun River with her brood of about 10 young which seemed to be almost completely grown. They seemed to swim in a formation one after another. Was unable to find the Scarlet Tanagers. On the way back I shot a Hermit Warbler out of a Poplar tree near the lake shore. Saw a white backed woodpecker. Spent afternoon skinning. Later set out small traps around the north side of Little Lake for mink and weasels.

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Little Lake, Calif. July 20, 1933 Went th round of my traps. A coyote fooled around one of the traps on the north side of Little Lake but he did not get caught. Caught a Buckey- tailed Woodrat 100 yds north of camp in the same pit that I had previously caught a S Woodrat. The S Woodrat showed signs of suckling young. No embryos. On th round of my traps I shot a f Temegea and a Chipping. Both were shot above the lake in the pine timber. While skinning in camp I shot a Chipping Sparrow which was feeding among the golden rod and other weeds in a small clearing.

Little Lake, Calif. July 21, 1933 A pair of Black-headed Grosbeaks were feeding in the oak above my head when I awoke. I shot the ♂. After breakfast I hunted about my trap line. Shot a ♀ Cutiearia on the rocky slope of the north side of the lake. From among a group of Willows on the west side of the lake I shot the ♀ of a pair of Red-winged Blackbirds. I hunted extensively among the willows between Little Lake, Creek and Little Lake but was only able to get a ♂ Culicivora. Crossed through the thicket and down to the lagoon. Here I saw a number of some variety feeding among the large sticks and stones. A number of these waders had been previously seen especially at the Big Turn lake on the sand bars and feeding along the sandy banks of the river. I collected a ♀ Black-headed Grosbeak from a willow thicket near the river on my way to camp between the lake and river. I shot a squirrel in camp that had been eating the grain for my mules.

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Little Lake, Calif. July 22, 1933. Caught a Paromys in a trap on the camp table near where the previous Paromys had been caught. A Microtus was caught in one of the small wooden traps set near the bank of the little lake. There was no evidence of runways but the tall grass and willows offered splendid protection. A pair of California Yellow Warblers were shot in the willows near camp. The remainder of the day was spent in skinning, cooking and rebaiting the coyst traps.

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Little Lake, Calif. July 23 1933 Caught another Peromyia in the camp lake. There were four very small embryos developing (0) This morning as I left camp to run my trap line I noticed the track of a coyote which had come within 20 ft. of my camp. He had followed the filthy trail between the lake and the river and on noticing camp in retreated to the trail that goes about the North end of the lake. I found him caught in the first set which is approximately 100 yds. from camp. He seemed to me extremely large and on noticing his teeth I found that many were missing and those that were left were badly worn. The days previous a coyote had come into camp in the same manner but instead of retreating as the one last night did he circled about camp and went to the North. I have no reason to disbelieve that the coyote of last night and the one appearing thus night ago was the same individual. Do

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to his age, size, and weight he was probably unable to catch his game as in his youth so he followed along the river among the many camps eating the fish entrails and other refuse of the campers. There was no signs of the Coyote being previously trapped or injured by man, but under his skin was a large pussey sack. It was approximately three inches long and an inch and an half wide. There was no signs of a sore on the antloid but when cut into during skinning a large amount of matter flowed out. I could find no cause for this infection or sore. Near the log jam at the south east corner of the little Lake I noticed a flock of swallows (20-25) perched in a dead tree They flew at my approach but on waiting under the tree for a few minutes they returned. I was able to shoot two & and on studying them closely I believe them to be the Rough-winged Swallow.

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Little Lake, Calif. July 24, 1933. Caught three Peromyscus this morning. A large & from the camp table who showed signs of suckling young. Part of his tail was missing having caught it several days before. A & Peromyscus caught on the river bank in front of camp. Another Peromyscus was caught in a small steel trap set in the rocks north of camp. The latter two Peromyscus were much smaller and a lighter brown than those previously caught. Shot a pair of Olive-sided Flycatchers from a group of pines on the south end of Little Lake. Between the Little Lake and the Kern River I killed a Black-throated Gray Warbler and a Western Wood Pewee. The Wood Pewees had well developed tarsi but one was very much more elongated than the other. Forgot to mention that there were a number of worms in the abdominal cavity of the & Olive-sided Flycatchers.

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Little Lake, Calif. July 25, 1933. Found a young & Peromyscus and a young & Neotoma Cinerea Cinerea in my traps this morning. The Peromyscus was caught on the camp table while the Neotoma was caught in the rocky back of camp. The Neotoma had a large larva of the bot fly over its right hip and number of small but like insects sticking to it about the nose and mouth Started early this morning to hunt along the edge of the Kern Lake and Kern River, to Contiguas store. At the upper end of the lake I shot a Piceus Wings and saw a pair of Jungers but was unable to get the photo. On one of the large pines I a Sclender - killed Catharacta. It was feeding in the black about 30 ft. off the ground. While preparing the skin to carry I noticed a Sciurus Douglasii Abolinatus growing in the willows and small yellow pine. When I shot him he was about 2 ft. off the ground and fell into the mush. Saw a number of his workings on the yellow pine cones.

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Little Lake, Calif. July 26 1933 Caught a subadult Pteromyurus from the camp table, a Nectomys cinerea cinerea in the rocks near camp, and a Microtus in some grass on the north side of the Little Lake. Spent the morning skinning and cooking. (Beans and apple sauce.) This afternoon went for a hunt through the popplars between the Little Lake and Kern River. Things were exceptionally quiet, little bird life was stirring. Noticed a few flycatchers & pair of Red-breasted Sapabins and the flock of Purgansers. After killing their mother they moved down to the quiet waters above the dog game. When they saw me they beat their wings to hurry themselves across the water and dove under the logs I suppose to come up on the other side out of sight. Killed another Rattlesnake between the Lake and River. This is the fourth killed in this vicinity during the time I have been here.

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Little Lake, Calif. July 25, 1935. Shot another Hairy Woodpecker this morning while tending my traps. He was feeding in a group of small poplar trees at the north end of Little Lake. When I approached him he flew into an oak on the north shoot where I shot him. The Hairy and Downy Woodpeckers are the most numerous of all the types here. I will notice between twenty and thirty of them every day feeding along the river and lake shore. After breakfast this morning over there I took the trail over the North Shoot and went directly down to the Kern Lake. Hunted along the rocky lake bank to the upper end of the lake. Here I waded the little creek flowing into the lake and a swamp, then through a dense thicket of Poplars and out on the sand bar. This bar is dotted here and there with willow thickets while on the west side is a grassy marsh and on the other side the River. It is an excellent collecting ground for fish to food and protection for the birds. Here I found the Western Tanagers

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a small Sparrow 9325 and spotted Sandpiper I saw quite a number of these Sandpipers, here I should judge about 15. I saw one downy young that was as yet not able to fly and one female who made quite a racket as if trying to distract my attention from her nesting site. Most of the Sandpiper however were feeding singly along the sandy bank of the river or flying from one point to another, low over the water. I shall visit this location again only early in the morning and see what it affords. As I was returning to camp I found another Pacific Railtender. It was about 150 yds from camp in an oak thicket at the north end of little lake.

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Little Lake, Calif. July 28, 1933. Yesterday evening just before dark I shot a Flycatcher 329. Early this morning as I was going about my trap line I shot a pair of Clark Nutcrackers. They were feeding on the pine cones of the Yellow Pine on the West side of Little Lake. In the rocks north of camp I caught a young Mottled Shot a female Water Oystel across the river from camp. It had been working around several logs above jammed in the willows. It had been staying about this location for about an hour before I shot him. This was the third Oyster that I had seen. Caught a Frogmouth in a willow thicket between the Little Lake and the river.

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Little Lake Calif. July 29,1933. Caught another Peromyscus near the river in front of camp. Caught a Thomomys in a small clearing east of camp. C. J. Hubble Jr. also killed a Thomomys within a few yards of the one trapped. It was a small & young that had been collecting grass that had been on top of the ground. Caught another young Neotoma in the rocks north of camp. Made an early start for the sand-bar in the Fern Lake. There were numerous swallows flying about the south craggy end of the lake I was able to distinguish the Violetpen Swallow the Rough-winged Swallow and another long brownish swallow. Shot another Spotted Sandpiper and noticed another downy young. This afternoon I shot a young Merganser. It was one of a group of four. I had noticed them for about a week fishing along in the quiet water between Little Lake and the River. Killed two Rattle snakes today. One early in the morning at the north end of the Little Lake and the other, a large one, at south east side

of the lake about twenty five yards from camp. Shot thru late last night They were flying low over the river and when shot would fall in the water and collect with the raft. This is a far superior method to shooting them above a grass patch and then hunting for them. All of the late I shot were 8.

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3584 L.L.C. Aug 7, 1933. 77-30-9-11 (Out of Paper) 688 Mountain Chickadee July 15, 1933. Little Lake, Calif. August 7, 1933. Hunted up to Contemnos this morning. saw nothing of great interest. Spent the rest of the morning skinning my bat of last night. At noon I saw the mother Meraganes with her flock of small meraganers. When she saw me she swam rapidly up the river for about 100 ft. with the young following after as rapidly as possible. She then went about her fishing gradually working her way up the river. Saw a Kingfisher as I was going out for bat. She was flying down the river when she saw me but on seeing me became alarmed and flew up the river several hundred yards when she lit on some willows. Shot the at the Going home tomorrow

Little Lake, Calif. August 6, 1933. I spent the morning hunting along the river below the eighth shoot. Here it is a steep slope coming to the river, it is sparsely covered with yellow pines and oaks except along the river when the vegetation is rather dense. I shot bats again this evening. Was able to get one of the large brown bats [illegible] that fly high among the pines. Also shot four more Mystus gurnard

A group of 1800 Littles Lake Calif.

Little Lake, Calif. August 5, 1933. Hunted in the willows along the Little Lake this morning. After breakfast went to the Big Fern Lake to hunt on the sand bar. Spent all morning in working among the willows in hopes of seeing the scarlet tanager but without luck. On the way to camp I saw a & Nighthawk a flock of very small young. As I passed near the shore of Fern Lake she swam rapidly out for about 50 feet and then waited for the young. She then swam slowly across the lake with the young on her back. Now and then one would fall off and would seem to have difficulty getting back on. Hunted bats in the evening that were that were catching insects over the river. There are a large number of these bats. They seem to work continually up the river, pausing and darting back to catch insects but always working up stream. All that have been shot up to date are 3.

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Little Lake, Calif. August. 4, 1933. Spent the early morning hunting in the scrub oaks on the north shoot between the two lakes. The absence of birds was notable, they seemed to all be fading in the willows and small poplars about the lake shore. All that was noticed was a pair of Black-headed Grosbeaks feeding in the tops of some of the pines. After breakfast I went for a hunt over the south shoot and on to the canyon wall. On the north side of the shoot I saw a pair of Clark's crows feeding on the juniper. They were carrying the burs from the bush and flying into a neighboring pine to dig out the seeds. At the top of the shoot I shot a 346 from another juniper bush. It proved to be an immature individual. Returned by way of the river below the shoot. Hunted for bats in the evening. Shot one Mexican Nuttail. It was flying high about the pine tree.

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Little Lake, Calif. August 3, 1933. Hunted between the Little Lake and the river this morning early. Saw a young [illegible] duck. It was one of the flock of eight young previously noted in the water. Working for some Poplar trees near the log jam I noticed three fair Woodpeckers. I have also noted at other times that the woodpeckers keep in groups of three with usually two males. After breakfast went up the river to Conturo for my mail. On the way up I shot a Audubon Warble by mistake. Noted a pair of full grown [illegible] feeding in the big Fern Lake. Mr. Conturo said that he had observed recently the Scarlet Tanager in the meadow below his cabin and also a large black bird like a road runner with a crest. Hunted bats in the evening. Tried to shoot some of the large black bats but was not successful.

Little Lake, Calif. July 30, 1933. Spent the entire morning skinning the bats and the pueragames gotten yesterday. Donald Japp found a very small rattlesnake in a willow thicket just below camp. We gave it the sun cure and found that in ten minutes of strong sun light it was dead and had stopped moving. In the afternoon I got ready to take my material out of the mountains. Collected my traps, packed my animals and the rest of my material so as to make as early a start as possible in the morning.

Little Lake Cabin July 30, 1925

W.B. Richardson 1933-1941 Journal 1934 Calif: Alameda, Tulare Cos.

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B.B. Richardson 4 17 General Account. Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif Last evening set 12 large rat traps and 8 small mouse traps. The rat traps were set in the oaks or in the dense brush at or bordering the oak trees. Each trap was placed at an individual nest and all with the exception of 1 showed signs of working in the form of freshly cut twigs at the top of the nest. (See individual description.) One Pleotoma caught. The small mouse traps were set in the more open grassy area which was bordered by brushy chaparral. Four Reithrodontomy, three Peromyscus maniculatus, and one Peromyscus truei. Individual description - 1. Set at base of live oak containing a rat nest 2 ft. in diameter 10 ft. off the ground. There was a pronounced canopy of oaks and scanty underbrush and grass and mud,

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B. Richards 934 2. General Account. no apparent sign of recent habitation. Untouched this morning. 2. Large rat trap set at base of a rat net. In dense thicket of sedge with alder bordering oak thicket. Procyon lotor and treee gilberti caught in trap. 3. Trap set at base of young alder bush in sedge and oak thicket. Nest built up 3 ft off the ground. Signs of recently gnawed sticks at the upper surface of the nest and path about the base. Trap unexamined. 4. Trap set at base of alder bush containing mat. The mat was of moderate size about 2 ft in height and 3 ft at base. New material gnawed and placed at top of mat. 5. Trap set at base of low spruce and mat in an oak alder thicket. Few signs of working. Skull of Microtoma found in debris.

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M.B. Richardson 1934 3 General Account. 6. Trap set in trail near old dilapidated wood rat nest. Condition about nest were more open than in above stated occasion, the underbrush being less dense. Caught a Peromyscus maniculatus gambeli. 7. Large rat trap set at at base of nest constructed on the ground in a clump of high brush. The nest was built about 4 ft high and about 2 ft by 3 ft at base. There was evidence of recent activity by the newly gnawed sticks placed at the top of the nest. This was a noted lack of green material at the base of the nest or surrounding that built adjacent to a sizable oak grove. Caught Neotoma fuscipes arrecta 8. Set large trap in dogwood thicket at base of moderate size nest. Two sticks at top of nest indicating

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M.S.Richardson 4. 934 General Account. recent activity. Nest 58 ft from any oak thicket. A small test, but through, shift set off the ground near by. 1 skull of Mistoma. Found man hunt 9 large traps set at base of rat nest. The nest was built in a thicket of ferns and brush, nest showed signs of inhabitants in that there was new signs and freshly cut sticks at top of pile. 10, 11, 12 Set 15-25 ft apart in heavy thicket of ferns, black berries and other low growing dense brush. There were a great many trails in and about the vegetation plus several other wood rats mats set further back in the brush. All of the traps from 1-12 were the large wooden rat traps baited with a fifth piece of bacon rind. Out of these twelve traps only 3 were opening as stated

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B. Richardson 934 5. General Account. above. From 13-20 are the small mouse traps baited with oatmeal. 13. Set in pathway of small mammal in the dense glass boarding on black cherries, oak canopy. Oat meal takes. 14. Set 10 ft to the south of trap 15 but in similar condition. Caught Reithrodontomyse megalotis longicaudus 15 Set in dry grassy patch under scruball near road. Caught Peromyscus maniculatus gambeli. 16. Set trap under shrub near road, open grassy character under bush surrounded by dense grass and brush. Caught Reithrodontomyse megalotis longicaudus 17. Traps set in runway in heavy partial grass on steep side hill, bait untouched 18. Trap set in clear space under small Redwood tree. No cover for 1 yd about.

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T.B. Richerson 934 6. General Account. Caught Rithodontomys megatilis longicaudus 19. Trap set under small stone level side hill scattered vegetation. Caught young Peromyscus maculatus gambeli. 20. Trap set in small trail in varied vegetation on steep hill side. Cover scattered and short. Caught Rithodontomys megatilis longicaudus. The weather condition were clear in evening but clouded up that evening flat and foggy again by morning. The ground was very moist due to a heavy rain the night before.

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m.B. Richardson 1934. Strawberry Creek Trail 012 011 010 09 Steep Hill x26 x19 x18 x17 x15 Road x16 x13 x14 Boarder of Oaks 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 Map of Traping Site o Large Rat Traps x Small Mouse Traps Feb. 17, 1934.

Map of Tracing Site A Large Rat Trap A Small Mouse Trap

1934 7. General Account 24. Northwest slope of Grizzly Peak, Berkeley Alameda Co., Calif. Last evening I set 14 traps, 6 large rat traps and 8 small mouse traps. The mouse traps with the exception of three were set on a grassy hillside with scattered clumps of dry thistle as protection. Each trap was set near a small opening or burrow that had the appearance of recently being used by the presence of tails and freshly gnawed grass stems. On one of these traps a full grown Microtus californicus californicus. The bait consisting of oat meal was taken from two of the traps, but unseizing. The large traps, 6 of them, were set along the small stream which bordered by brush and a canopy of bay trees and a few oaks. These traps were set in likely looking trails in the brush or in at the base of trees containing wood

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"B. Richardson 1934 8 General Account rats nest. The traps were built with bacon and oat meal. Caught on Peromyscus truei galleti in the brush trail sit. The weather conditions were clear all night and rather cold although it had been raining the latter part of the previous day. Feb 4 Strawberry Canyon Berkeley, Alameda Co. Calif. In our field study several Microtus californicus in their burrows. Out of the class of approximately 50 students each of which were digging and tearing out Microtus mammals and burrows for 4 hours, only 4 rats with young were obtained. Several subadult specimens were obtained from the burrow system as well as several

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M.B. Richardson 1934. General Account 9 adults. The groups with which I worked found a nest containing 3 young with unopened eyes and an adult ♂ in the same nest. The two smallest of those groups studied were of this group, the other two belonged to another party. All of the work done was on a grass covered slope on the North side of Strawberry Canyon The weather was clear and bright; there had been no rain for the past three days. March 12 Dwight Canyon Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Last evening set out 12 traps, 7 small mouse traps and 5 rat traps. Every one of the traps were set in the same type of habitat. This habitat was the sedgegrass bordering a low grass patch.

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R. Richardson 934 10 General Account My total catch amounted to three animals on Perognathus californicus californicus, one Zithrodon muguloti longicaudus, and one Peromyscus truei gillotti. Of the remains of the traps there was one spring and two with the bait removed. The bait consisted of oat meal. The weather conditions were clear when traps were set but foggy in the morning. nd 8 Strawberry Canyon Berkeley Alameda Co., Calif. Last evening I set out 42 traps, all left them were of the small mouse traps variety. These traps were set in three different habitats; stream side covered with soft chaparral, hard chaparral, and open

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13 Richardson 934 11 General Account gross land. The traps were well distributed among the different species of each of these habitats. The following is a description of the habitat and the catch of each trap. 1.- Set at the edge of a pool under the brush. There was dense cover of thick brambles and creek dogwood and some oak for a canopy. It was on the edge of this at the pool side where the trap was set. Cought a Peromyscus californicus californicus. 2.- In a similar habitat to the above but rather more in the open and nearer running water. Trap opening. 3.- Trap set in dense soft chaparral similar to no. 1 with the exception that there was no water within 10 ft. There was a mass of litter under the chaparral. Trap opening. 4.- Trap set in soft chaparral up on a bank. Tight

M.B. Richardson 1934 General Account dense canopy of oaks From the disturbance of the leaf mold there had evidently been a good deal of activity in that locality Probably birds The trap was untouched. 5.- Trap set under log that was crossing a stream. There was no cover except the log for a distance of 3 ft. There was a heavy Oak-leaf canopy over the location. Trap sprung by a slug. 6.- Trap set in same type of locality under the same log but on the opposite side of the stream. Trap sprung. 7.- Trap set along stream side in open at edge of an abrupt bank. Heavy canopy as in 6. Trap untouched. 8.- Set in the stream bed of a very small stream. The brush from each side covered the stream and there was also a strong canopy

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B. Thiedemann 1934 13 General Account of live oaks. There were very moist conditions but not a fast moving type of stream. (Santa Cruz County) 9.- Set in exactly the same type of habitat as no 8. with the exception that the traps was set about 4 ft up th bank. 10.- Same condition as 9. except on th other side of th bank. Both of th traps 9 and 10 were untouched. 11.+12.- Set in the same soft chaparral habitat as no 8 but farther up th stream. Caught a Neotoma fuscipes canescens in these two traps. One trap had him by the foot and th other by th tail. Did not make much of a struggle to escape. 13.- Set in some habitat as above but about 1 1/2 feet from th floor of th stream. Trap untouched. 14.+15.- Set in th soft chaparral habitat as th above but up th haddle about 4 ft, on an

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J.S. Richardson 934 14 Genral Account each side. Traps untouched. 16.-24. These traps were set along a trail on the north slope of the north fork of Strawberry Canyon above the C.C.C. Camp. The habitat was hard chaparral composed of old man sage and grass in the scattered open spaces. Of these 9 traps 5 was untouched, 2 were opening, in one was a Peromyscus maniculatus gambeli and in the other was a Peromyscus lince gildula. The differing in the habitat in which the two were caught is in their relative distance to the green sage type of chaparral. (See notes on Peromyscus). 25.- Set in open dry rocky spot in the sage brush. Traps untouched. 26.-28.- These three traps were were set in the soft chaparral under a canopy of Eucalyptus. One of these three traps was opening, the other two was untouched.

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M.B. Richardson 1934 15 General Account 29. Set under log in large glass plot near Eucalyptus grove. Caught Pithrodontomy megalotis longicandus. 30. Set 16 ft from 29 along th. same log. Caught Pithrodontomy megalotis longicandus. 31.-33. - Set in grass habitat. The grass was dense and th thick mat exhibited many trails and it was in these trails that the traps were set. It was ten put to th nearest cover of willow. Caught (3) Pithrodontomy megalotis longicandus 34. Set at the base of a Eucalyptus tree which was growing in a large grass plot. Caught Microtus californicus californicus. 35 - Set in small way in grass. Caught Pithrodontomy megalotis longicandus 36-37 - Trap set at th entrance of old microtus burrow found in the grass land. One trap spending but the other untouched.

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B.P.Richardson 1934. General Account 16 38-39 - Traps set in large weeds surrounding the grass patch. One trap was gone and the other was untouched. 40. - Set under willow at the edge of grass patch. Caught. Promegycus maculatus gambeli. 41. - Set in dust in stream bed. Trap springing. 42 - Set under Broussus head between Cutlepts and willow thicket. Trap untouched. The weather conditions were slightly foggy in the morning. The heavy dew on the plants showed that the fog had been somewhat heavier during the night. The temperature was cool.

B. Richardson 934 1 General Account ay 19 Quaking Aspen Meadow Inyo Co California. Left Portwill Calf yesterday morning and arrived her at 11:30 this morning. Spent last night at Soda Creek below Mileone (4mi). The folks and Mr. Dixon arrived at 2:00 PM bringing up our equipment for our mount trip back in the Kern River. The folks returned to Portwill early this afternoon. The country about here is composed of numerous ridges which are well forested chiefly with pines on the floors of the valleys and slopes gradually and are covered with a green meadow in which are numerous lumps of willows. About the edges of these meadows are many quaking aspens which are at the present time just coming into

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General Account leaf, some of them still having the catkins. The general appearance of the country is low rolling with the dense fir forest being broken up by the numerous stringing meadows. At about 4:00 PM M. Dixon and I took a short hike in a north east direction from the packing station following the edge of the meadows. We found two White-headed woodpeckers, met a Downy Woodpecker, met a Red-breasted Nuthatch, perhaps building a nest, a Robin carrying food, a Mountain Chickadee at nest hole and a Flying squirrel, met and two young.

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B Richardson 37 Annual Account y 20 Little Lake Kern River Tulare Co., California Left Quaking Aspen Meadow this morning at 6:30 and took the cattle drive to the ridge trail on the south rim of the Little Kern River. We continued by trail, crossing the Little Kern River at the pond, to Front Meadow when we had lunch. The country is a desert as you go along is first a desert for forest broken up by meadows and as you drop toward the Little Kern there is a gradual change to the Yellow pine and then to the more open chaparral type composed of chiefly of Manzanita and Ceanothus with scattered pine. On the north side of the river there is a volcanic formation and the vegetation here is Old man Sage, Black

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B. Richardson 934 General Account. Oak and Manzanita. This latter general locally is very hot and dry. Trout meadow itself is dry when compared to most high mountain meadows. After lunch, we went at a gradual incline up to Willow meadow and on up to the brink of the Big Kern Canyon and then down to the river. From here we followed up the river to the Little Kern Lake. The country above Trout Meadow is / an open type of Yellow pine forest while that of the Kern River is predominately Black Oak with Cottonwood and Yellow pine scattered around. We arrived at little dah at 6:30 PM having covered a distance of about 25 miles.

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B. Richardson 134 General Account 5 y 21. Little Lake Kern River Tulare Co., California. This morning we got an early start 6:30 and followed down the river through the willow and poplar grove to the log jam. Here we crossed the river and went west down the south side for about 100 yd. This was not really a side of the river but rather an island that was covered with poplar and bush chappell and willow. A short space down the island we recrossed the stream and proceeded up the dry rocky knoll at the south end of the lake. This knoll is moderately forested by Black Oak and Yellow Pine. Near the top of the knoll we hit the trail and spent several hours in this locality

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General Account searching for the nests of Grouse and Solitary. A pair of birds were located but no nest. This locality is probably a feeding ground. We returned to camp by the trail down the knob and around the north side of the lake. After lunch we spent the entire time between the river and the lake hunting for black bird nests and garter snakes and frogs. In the evening I spent a few minutes shooting bats. The Little Lake is situated between two knobs that have at some time had large rock slides from the steep stone walls. The lake is separated from river by a well defined sand ridge. This ridge is covered with Poplar and Willow trees. At the south side of the lake

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M Richardson 734 General Account 7 runs Little Lake Creek which at the present time has been diverted by man into the lake. A swanky outlet has developed at the south east side of the lake. Originally this stream did not flow into the lake but along the south end. The south side of the lake including the creek is a dense tangle of willow, alders, and shrubs. The north and north east sides of the lake are rocky being partially forested by Red Oak and Yellow Pine. The south and west portion of the lake is gradually being filled by Bulrushes while the shallower portion is taken over by water grass, and water black-wheat. Away from the moist portion of the lake and river the vegetation is Pine and Black Oak.

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B.Richardson 134 Compass North. General Account. 8 Knoll Pine Oak Camp Rail Trail. DIVERSION Little Lake Tule Growth Meadow Willow Poplar Kern River Willow Poplar Willow Alder Willow Little Lake Willow + Alder Willow Oak Pine + Oak Knoll

Richardson 1934 9 Annual Account 22 Little Lake Kern River Tulare Co, California This morning got a 7:00 clock start along the trail to the Big Kern lake. The trail leads down around the north east side of the Little Lake and over the knob to the big lake a distance of about 1/2 a mile. At the north end of the Big Kern lake we waded a bog which was well covered or boarded by willows and through a dense Poplar grove and out to a sandy part of the peninsula. This peninsula is formed by a sanding up of one side of the Little river as it enters the lake. This leaves the major portion of the lake sort of separated from the river except at the south end. The eastern north end of the peninsula is covered with a thicket of Poplar trees as I know

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Richardson 34 General Account already mentioned and the remainder is sandy with scattering willows along the lake edge and a few in the central portion. It was in these willows that we found the nests of the Kern River Blackbird and the Black-headed Grosbeak. At 11:00 AM we left the lake greenwoods and returned to camp by the trail. In the afternoon I went down the river and crossed the log jam and recrossed the river below and then up along the southwest side of Little Lake Creek, a short distance up and crossed the creek and waded along the south and southwest side of the lake back to camp. This afternoon trip was spent in the search of reptiles and amphibians, all that was found was several Alligator lizards.

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'B. Richardson 11 '34 General Account y 23 Little Lake, Kern River Tular Co., California. Started at 8:00 A.M. down the river, crossed and crossed the log jam and continued down the north side next to the river. Below the lower log jam the river drops rapidly with numerous scattered falls and rapids. This condition is due to the rock slides on each side of the stream. The vegetation along the stream was alder and willow while the rock slides were only sparsely forested with black oak and Yellow Pine. The entire time was spent taking pictures. Returned to camp at 12:30. In the early afternoon, we spent an hour searching for the bird two feet. A pair had been observed several times out in

S. Richardson. 34 12 General Account the tallis but we were unsuccessful in our attempt to find the nest. Late in the afternoon we packed the two mules and moved camp to Kern Canyon Range Station. The trail to the Range Station is one over the knoll at the north east end of the lake and around the Big Kern Lake and then along the river. The Kern River Range Station is at the South boundary of Sequoia National Park.

D. Richardson 13 9 34 General Account 24 Kern Canyon Ranger Station Fulan Co, California. 64584. The first part of the morning was spent in looking over the county between the river, Contorno, and the Ranger station. This area is in the floor of the canyon. The vegetation is almost entirely Yellow Pine which seems to thrive in this sandy, loamy type of soil. There are several small streams in the vicinity exclusive of Coyot Creek that as well have grown by willows, and East of Contorno one stream spreads out forming a meadow. On this meadow numerous Beaver Black- birds were seen. On the opposite side of the river the conditions are quite different. The floor of the canyon on that side is covered almost

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B. Richardson 34 14 General Account entirely with Marguet brush and almost no trees except close to the river bank. The rocky, sandy condition persists on this side as well as the other. On the west side of the Kern River 300 yd north east of Conterno's store is an old log cabin, the oldest habitation in this part of these mountains. Directly east of the Ranger Station and on this side of Coyote Creek is an old saw mill constructed of hand hewn timbers. This mill was run by the waters of Coyote Creek to cut logs for timber of local use. This mill was constructed by Mr. Conterno. A mild rain began at about 10:00 A.M. and continued sporadically until about 3:00 PM. This is the first rain that

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B Richardson. 34 15 General Account we have had th other previous days being bright and sunny! Th rain lasted till about 5:00 PM at which tim we crossed th river by th old bridge, and began hunting for Chipmunks in among the Manzanita. We continued on up th trail toward th Tunnel Forge Station to th columnar basaltic formation on th left. This basalt post, similar to that of the Devil's Post Pill, an quit extensive extending from th trail for 500 yd around a bluff at Golden Trout Creek. On some of these columns are grotesques appearing Indian paintings. I continued my search for th ground dwelling chipmunks without results (Entemion merioni breweri.) Observed a pair of Desert Sparrows in the manzanita and hiding upon the rocky shy. Saw a f Sgron with a brood of young 4t+.

B. Richardson. 14 34 General Account. 25 Upper Funston Meadow, Kern Canyon Tulare Co., California. 6800ft. This morning I packed the mule and started on the trail at 9:15 A.M. for Upper Funston. The trail follows the west bank. The vegetation of willow grows and joins is dense along the stream side, but it thins down along the slopes of the canyon. The major portion of the canyon walls are abrupt garnet cliffs at the base of which are talus slopes. These impressive walls are broken in places letting such streams as Golden Trout Creek, Lomax Creek, and the Big Arroyo through. I arrived at Upper Funston at 1:30 covering a distance of 10 mi. The afternoon was spent in camp organizing and arranging our equipment. In the late afternoon we set 20 more traps; 1 gopher trap and 2 rat traps.

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B. Richardson 734 General Account 17 26. Upper Funston Meadow Kern Canyon. Folan Co, California. 6800 ft. Had a poor catch last night, only three porcupine and one other that had been destroyed by some small mammal before I went to the traps. The remainder of the morning was spent in skinning, cooking and tidying up camp. Upper Funston Meadow is a narrow flood of gassy land, chiefly along the west bank of the Kern River. The meadow is rather cut off by the willow logs and the river as it tends to spread out into several channels. Beside the willow other vegetation is the Poplar, Yellow Pine. Lodge pole pines are encroaching in upon the meadow. On the steeper slopes below the rock walls are found Juniper, Pinion Pine and Yellow Pine sparsely scattered. Just after dinner a

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O. Richardson. 34. General Account. espermotic snow and hail storm began and continued off and on till late afternoon making things rather unpleasant. At 4:15 P.M. we set 20 mouse traps up the rocky hill slope back of camp. This hill though it is of a large bouldery type still shows the effect of glaciation on the harder lava surfaces of the wall. There is a mixed type of vegetation consisting of Ponderosa Pine, Juniper, Yellow Pine, Black Oak, Manzanita, Old Man Sage, and, Fir. The traps were set on the table in camp to catch the mice that were getting into our grub.

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B. Richardson 134 General Account. 19 27 Upper Firestone Meadow Kern Ca Tulare Co California 6800ft From the twenty traps set in the meadow I got two Peromyscus maniculatus and one Sorex obscurus. obscurus. The gophers' trap and two rat traps were unspringing. From these traps set on the hill caught only one Peromyscus boylii rowleyi. From the traps in camp caught one Peromyscus maniculatus. Spent the early part of the morning, after breakfast putting up the specimens caught last night. After finishing skinning took a hike up to the Kern Canyon Ranger Station Hot Springs. The entire distance is only about 2 mi, the trail following the west side of the river for about a mile and crossing at the Chagupa Patrol Station to the east side of th

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D. Richardson 34 General Account 20 river. The trail on the west side of the river follows along the stream in among the Paplars, Pines and Willows. but shortly after crossing the trail swings away from the river (500yd) and crosses a bouldery alluvial fan that has been well broken up by the changing of the river courses, in the past. This alluvial fan is grown over by principally Manzanita, some scrub oak that is well browsed down by the deer, Old Man Sage and dotted live and other oak trees such as juniper and Yellow Pine and Mountain Mahogany. On this Manzanita thickset numerous Eutamia inioma were seen and I observed two Caloprymnopholes. These were a good many Clarke cross about, the apparent young were following the adults about begging for food. I saw one individual

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B. Richardson 34 General Account 21 getting a meal at an ant hill. (Black ants). We returned from the Flat Springs in the early afternoon and spent the remainder of our time in camp skinning, cooking and taking pictures about the meadow. The weather was unsettled all day, clouding up and lightly raining during the flat afternoon. In the evening we went bat shooting but were unable to see any bats, they evidently had not come into this county this early.

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B. Richardson 22 134 General Account y 28 Ojozu Funston Meadow Kern Canyon Tular Co., California 60800ft. Lower 5700ft. I ran the traps early this morning while Mr. Dixon got breakfast. From the 20 traps set in the meadow all I got was one Peromyscus maniculatus In the gopher trap I found a Scapanus gunnellii? certainly had gotten into the gopher runway and there into my trap for the hole in which I set was distinctly a gopher working. From the 20 traps set on the hill all that I caught was a young Peromyscus boylii Crowley. After breakfast we got an early start up the river covering the same territory that I am did yesterday, only more slowly, especially the manganita covered aluvial for just below the Kern River Hot Springs Numerous Entomias incresce

B. Richardson. 34 23 General Account were seen and Mr Dixon secured three more for specimens. Mr. Dixon also saw and verified my sight observation of the Golden Mouthed Ground Squirrel. During the early morning the Clark's Crows carried on their activities high up on the rocky slopes of the canyon and later coming down to the floor of the canyon to feed. Returned to camp for a late lunch. The afternoon was spent close to camp, skinning animals and cooking. In the late afternoon I went down into the meadow. Found a Red Shafted Flicker nest in a large dead Poplar tree, it contained young. Found a garter snake 16 ft long on the steep slope of the tall west canyon wall. It was rather inactive making no strenuous attempts to get out of reach.

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B. Richardson 34. 24 General Account y 29 Chocopa Furnston Meadow, Kern Canyon. Kulars Co., California Had no luck with my traps last night, caughf Only thus Peromyscus maniculatus in my traps set in th meadow. After breakfast (8:00 A.M.) Mr. Dixon and I started our hike up the Morain Lake trail. This trail starts just out of camp and follows up with numerous switch- backs along Furnston Creek to Sky Parlor Meadow. (9200 ft elvn) A little above the meadow we turned to the north to Chocopa Creek and followed it down nearly to the mouth when it pitched off into the falls. Here we turned south and hit the trail back to camp. Reached camp at 4:00 P.M. The ascent up to the meadow is an abrupt one at first and finally tapers off near the top. The meadow itself is quite large in extent and surprisingly flat

and though it runs the sluggish head waters of Burnston creek. The grass in the meadow is short not over 2 ins. in length and would furnish only meager pickings for live stock although from the clear droppings it was serving as their foraging grounds. During our hike 14 Deer were seen all of which seemed fat and in good condition. Five or more of the herd were bucks and the forms of one of these showed signs of branching A junco's nest was found at Butkin's Camp at the north end of Sky Paho Meadow. The nest was constructed in the grass on the ground within the foot of a little stream. A & Brose and three chicks were seen northeast of the meadow. The conditions in and about the meadow seem extremely dry for this time of the year.

B. Richardson 34 General Account. 24 area west of the meadow there are large patches of Bracken fronds that are drying up from the lack of water, and the snow on the mountain is as scarce at present as is the case usually a month and a half late. The vegetation about S hyacinth Meadow is predominantly Lodge Pole Pine. The weather conditions are the worst we have found it up to date. This morning was sunny and fine but by noon it began clouding up and shortly after 4:06 P.M. it began to rain and is continuing as a steady drizzle. It will help the dry condition of the plants but it is still on us. Rain continued until about 7:00 P.M.

B. Richardson 27 34 General Account 30 Upper Furniston Meadow, Kern Canyon Tulare Co., California 6800 ft. From the traps set in the meadow all that a caught was an Alligator lizard. The gopher trap was snapping although new workings were evident within 2-3d. of the trap. Caught an adult ♀ Bushy-tailed Woodrat in one of the two traps set in the tallows west of the meadow. Nothing caught in the traps on the hill. After breakfast I restarted the mules and followed Mr. Dixon up to the alluvial fan below the Kern Canyon Flat Springs. Spent our time hunting for Colaspengyde and Deer Sponow without result. Mr. Dixon shot one Chipmunk from a manzanita bush thinking that it perhaps was the sparrow. I took a hint

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General Account up to the mouth of Rock Creek and returned to the Hot Springs for a bath. Caught a Western Skink in the tall grass near the spring. After finishing my bath Mr. Dixon came up with word that he had shot a young Coyote and had discovered the den containing three more young I returned to camp for shovel and photographic equipment and when I returned to the vicinity of the den Mr. Dixon had caught two of the Coyotes On sneaking up to the den we saw the third Coyote asleep under the partial shade of the Mangineta bough at the mouth of the den. The den was constructed under a large boulder (10 ft in diameter) at the edge of the alluvial fan. This boulder was in a Mangineta patch completely

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B. Richardson 34 29. General Account. surrounded by the brush. The soil was sandy and consequently made digging of the den easier. The size of the entrance was 10" high and 20" wide and extended straight back for about 6' under the log and small side branches could be seen extending to the sides. The dirt taken from the den was inconspicuously piled at the entrance making a broad fan shaped cone about 12" high. The little Coyote asleep at the mouth of the den made a dart for the den before we could effect our capture. The two Mr. Dixon caught I took down to Ben Clark the ranger. (All killed them that evening W.R.). Returned late to camp. Moved the traps set down in the meadow and set 22 traps 1/2 mi up the river on the west side in a little meadow. Bated the lot with bacon. Weather - sunny, frost in morning.

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B. Richardson 30 9 34 General Account. 9 31 Upper Fernston Meadow Kern Canyon Fulton Co., California 6800 ft. From the traps set on the hill I got one young Brush-tailed Woodrat and a Peromyscus toylei rowleyi. From the traps set in the upper meadow I caught three Microtus mordax. The remainder of the morning I spent skinning. The early part of the morning Mr. Dixon went hunting up the river on the aluvial fan and returned with a Golden Mantled Ground Squirrel and a Squirrel-tailed Nuttall. The early part of the afternoon was spent in skinning and the late part in fishing. I caught 11 fish, 9 small ones from the Big River and 2 large ones (9" and 12") from the Kern River. The weather was

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B. Richardson. 31 934 General Account bright and sunny as was the day before but the nights are cold and frost formed on the meadow as usual.

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3. Richardson 34 General Account. 32 m 1 Junction Meadow Kern Canyon Inyo Co., Calif. 8/00 ft. From the types this morning I caught Peromyscus boylii rowlei from the hill and a shrew (Sorex o. canarius). Collected the types and began breaking camp while Mr. Dixon photographed some flowers on the hill. He found a moderate sized rattlesnake coiled under a rock in a lowly. left camp at 12:30 and continued up the Kern River past the Hot Springs and on up the east side to our present camp at Junction Meadow. The Kern Canyon, in general, as you come up tends to broaden and flatten out, the rock walls are less impressive and the talus at the bottom extends farther up the cliff. The

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3. Richardson. 34 General Account 33 vegetation becomes less rank and the walls and steeper slopes are covered in part with brush such as margerita, mountain mahogany, old man, sage, shia jun, chittah cherry, and ceanothus. The river bottom is partially forested with Yellow Pine, Lodge Pole Pine Juniper, Poplar, and Willow. The Yellow and juniper extend upon the slopes of the canyon in scattered groups or nearly separate individuals. We arrived at Junction Meadow at 5:00 PM and made camp along the stream at the upper side of the meadow.

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B. Richardson. 34 134 General Account 2. Junction Meadow Kern Canyon Kern Co., California. 8400 ft. Junction Meadow is not in the true sense of the word a meadow but rather a narrow strip of grass along the river that is cut up into small patches by the groups of Willow and dryy Pole Pine. The floor of the Kern at this point is rather wid (1/4 mi) and is bouldery and sandy in character with a vegetation of chiefly dryy Pole Pine and Yellow Pine. The slopes are vegetated with brush such as Manzanita, Mountain Mahogany, Chinkapin and Greasewood. This morning hike was up the Kern River to the Walker Creek trail and along the trail to the point above the creek and then back to camp. There were a predominance of Fox Sparrow in the brushy slopes.

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Richardson. 34 General Account. 35 The early afternoon was spent in skinning and the late afternoon in setting traps. 20 traps were set along the stone bluff east of north of the meadow. These traps were set along the lower edge of the bluff where the brush and taller log against the wall. 10 traps were set in the meadow in moist places under logs. There is a mass of down Log Pole Pine Timber in and about the meadow. The food for this locally is poorer than any we have hit to date. The recent clearing of the timber out of the meadow with the remaining stumps and down logs makes staking of the animals difficult. Staking of the mules is also made more difficult by the numerous little boggy streams that are overgrown with onion plant.

3. Richardson 34 General Account. 34 m 3 Junction Meadow, Kern Canyon Tulare Co., California. 8150 ft. In the traps this morning there were 2 Peromyscus maniculatus from the traps set on the hill and 1 Peromyscus maniculatus and 1 Microtus mordax from the 10 traps set in the meadow. Took an early start this morning (7:15 A.M.) for the Kaweah Basin. Our route in was along the granite bluff, or high above the south side of the Kern Kaweah River. Our trail lay principally over granite taluses from which we shot 3 Conies and 1 Chipmunk. (Eutamia alpinus). The forest vegetation was thin consisting of willows along the stream and scattered individual trees such as juniper, White Pine, Fox-tailed Pine, and Lodge Pole Pine. These trees extended along the edges of the taluses and glacial hills extending up into the basin. We reached

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.Richardson. 34 General Account. the first lake in the basin by 11:15 AM and then had dinner. It was surprising to me to see the number of Mossy Finches feeding along the rocky edges of the lake catching the insects that were blown ashore. From this action I believe that they were just beginning to pair off. After dinner we continued slowly up through the basin taking photographs and looking at the scenery. Kaweah Basin is a long amphitheater like valley that has been swept out rather recently by the action of glaciers. There are several rocky lakes in the floor some of which are of very considerable size. Most of the floor however is a series of glacial ridges and valleys ranging from 25' to 100' high. The impressive group of Kaweah Mt. and Pyramid Peak form in this basin. The upper & margins of the

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General Account. was at an altitude of 11200 ft and was Lady Pal Pass in carrots. There were patches of snow still clinging to the tallac slopes and the chimnies on the more protected side of the mountains. These patches did not seem to be very deep. By 3:50 P.M. we had reached the upper lake of the basin beneath the Red Kaweah and at this point turned toward lower camp. After a steady fast drive toward camp reached it by 7:10 P.M. Weather was clear and bright all day.

General Account Junction Meadow, Kern Canyon. Tulan Co., California. 8180 ft. From the traps the morning I got one Peromyscus maniculatus and from the 20 traps on the hill and two Peromyscus maniculatus and one Microtus from the 10 traps set in the meadow. The day was spent in and about camp skinning and general “speddling” around. I found a Hair Woodpecker nest in a dead Ledge-pod Pine in the meadow. The hole was about 20 ft off the ground. From the squeaks within and the actions of both the birds I judge that there are young birds. The weather was clear during the morning but in the afternoon it clouded over and grew cold. Some rain fell and several shrinks of hail and snow. Mr. Dixon shot a White-throated Swift and a Fox Sparrow north of camp.

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Richardson 34. General Account 15 Junction Meadow, Kern Canyon. Kern Co., Calif. 8100 ft. Caught three Peromyscus and a Microtus last night in the traps. One Peromyscus was caught in the rocks on the hill; it had larger ears than the one previously catched and is believed to Peromyscus truei? The morning was spent in putting up specimens. A little before 12:00 noon we started for a hike up by the trail towards the head of the Kern Kaweah River. We met Mr. & Mrs. Patterson, who have been camping at the meadow for the past day and night, about half way up on the shoulder and continued up to the fall with them. From there on we continued on along to the second lake up the river. The trail keeps on the south side of the Kern Kaweah River all the way,

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General Account. rising rapidly at first over a shoulder and then down abruptly for several hundred ft. From this point on the trail goes at a relatively even grade up the glacial valley. The trail on a whole is very rocky and dangerous. For only the best types of pack animals should be taken over such a rough trail. The upper lake is a novelty to me in that it is mostly prairie with a wide, mild meandering stream and ox-bow lakes taking up a large part of the area. We had thought that perhaps there were ducks nesting in the reeds along the edge of the meandering stream but we did not find any. Two blue birds were shot near this lake. Reached camp by 4:15 P.M. The weather today has been unusual. On the morning when we woke up the ground was partially white from snow

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General Account that had fallen during the night. This however quickly melted as the early morning sun came through the clouds. During the morning there was intermittent flurries of snow that melted as soon as it hit the ground. By noon the clouds had opened and sun came through. There was intermittent clouds and sun- shine untill about 4:00 P.M. when the clouds looked in heavy and a vigorous type of snow storm set in. This storm continued until about 7:30 P.M. at which time it had covered the ground and trees giving a very beautiful effect to the whole landscape. As near as I could estimate it there was about 1 1/2" of snow on the level.

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Richardson 34 General Account. 43 16 Junction Meadow, Kern Canyon Lolen Co., California. 8100 ft. From all of the traps this morning I took only one Peromyscus from the traps on the hill. During the morning we hunted about the meadow and as far down the canyon as Willow Creek. M. Olson shot a Golden-mouthed Ground Squirrel, 2 Sage Sparrows and a Red-breasted Sapsucker. In the afternoon we skinned and late M. Deacon set out 15 traps in a sage flat between the Kern + the Kern Kanael Rivers near when they come together. There was no evidence of snow during last night but much of the snow of the day before was still left hanging to the trees. By 10:00 AM the sun came out through the clouds and with the aid of a wind soon melted

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B.Richardson 34 General Account. 44 the snow. The remains of the day was relatively clear and bright with now and then a large white cloud floating by. Kern Point was the only place visible that from Junction Meadow that retained the effect of last night's snow for the whole day.

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B Richardon 34 General Account. 7 Junction Meadow, Kern County Tulare Co., California. 8160ft. I found nothing in th traps I set this morning. Mr. Dixon got three Bronzeye from th traps he set in th Antiquaria flat. This morning we put up a lunch and started on a return ride up th Kern Kaweah river. Mr. Dixon had some picture he wanted to take, and I was going to try fishing for a change. Mr. Dixon went up as far as th second lake as we had done two days previous while I spent my time fishing below the falls just above th shoulder (2 mi from camp). The fishing here was excellent, I was able to catch the limit 25 in 2 hours fishing time. All of the fish were small, the largest being about 7" I found a nest of a Junco

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Richardson 34 General Account along the stream in the tall bluetops grass. There was two fresh eggs there in. The weather this morning was clear and bright and continued that way until about 2:00 PM when it began to cloud over and by 3:00 PM it broke and d continued drizzly rain began. This rain continued until about 7:00 P.M.

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B.Richardson '34 47 General Account 11 8 Junction Meadow Kern Canyon Tulare Co. California. 8100 ft. From the traps this morning I got one Chippmunk from others on the hill and one Shrew (Sorex obscurus) from other traps set in the meadow. Mr. Dixon got two Peromyscus and one Therotus from the traps set in the Artemisia habitat. This morning we stayed in camp due to the rain and in the afternoon set out for Wallace lake but after a half hour were driven back by another rain. The weather early this morning was clear. But by 7:00 A.M. clouds began to assemble and by 8:00 A.M. a drizzling rain began which lasted until 11:30 A.M., at which time the sun came through. At 2:30 the rain commenced again and continued till 4:00 P.M. Put 5 traps from the hill to a rocky cliff habitat.

B. Richardson. 34. 48 General Account m 9 Junction Meadow Kern Canyon Tulare Co., California. 8100 ft. From the traps this morning I got on Peromyscus and O M. Dixon got 4. Had an early breakfast and was on the trail up Wallace Creek by 6:08 A.M. The trail follows up the Kern Canyon over a moraine for about 1 mi. and then a branch trail is taken that swings back (south east) up Wallace Creek. From that point to 3 mi. up when it strikes the John Muir Trail is a portion of the High Sierra Trail. It has been well constructed. From the John Muir trail it is 5 mi. to Wallace Lake by a soon ducked trail leading up the left side of the creek. Wallace Creek itself is a narrow gorge when it empties into the Kern and remains

B.P. Richardson 34 General Account this type of a canyon until it nearly reach the J.M. Trail. At which point it begins to broaden out into a typical high glacial valley. A low rounded type with low and thin ridges down the center. Walker Lake, alt 11470, is set in a cirque well up against a precipitous unnamed ridge. It is quite large in extent and from all appearances very deep. There were no fish in the lake and there being only a short grass vegetation about the lake being above timber line. From Walker Lake we climbed the gap to the south and came upon Wales Lake. alt. 11733. This is the most beautiful of the two lakes because of the setting, because of the rugged ridge of Mt. Young in the background. Returned to camp by 4:00 P.M.

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B.P. Richardson 734 50 General Account There seemed to be a rather lack of animal life at the higher alt. 10000 and above probably due to the snow. The Juncos and Rosy Finches were all that were out with the exception of one Chipmunk seen at Wahoo Lake. In the snow above the J.M. Trail we saw tracks of Sierra Fox, Red Fox, Red Squirrel, Chipmunk, Pine Martin, Marmot and Porcupine. The fact of the White Crowned Sparrow at the higher elevations is evidence that the storm had driven them down and why they were seen so abundantly about the meadow yesterday. This probably affected all the birds too. Weather was clear this morning and continued as till noon when it began to cloud up and by 4:00 P.M it was well clouded. Then rain and by 5:00 PM they broke

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B. Richardson 34 General Account. 51 and began to clear. Today is the first day that prospectos have come out in numbers. Previous times perhaps one or two would be observed during the course of the evening but now they appear in such numbers that they are becoming nuisances.

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B.Richardson 34 52 General Account m 10 Kern River Canyon, 10,500 ft Inyo Co., California. From the traps this morning I got one Fox Sparrow and four Peromyscus one of which was Peromyscus truei. All of these animals were caught in the hill sets. Mr. Dixon caught two Peromyscus maniculatus from the traps he had set in the sage flat. Bibbs camp this morning and was on the trail by 9:30 headed toward Lake South Ammie, up the Kern Canyon. The trail follows the east side of the river rising rapidly for the first mi. over the morain at the head of Junction Meadow. From there on the trail has a gradual up grade except for the last half mile below camp, at which point it rises abruptly over

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P. Richardson 34 General Account. 53 a granite bench. Camp is located about 3 mi below Lake South America at the lower end of the first lake, just on top of the bench. There is much signs of glaciation about, not only the lakes and cirques that places the possibility of rock and paralleled ravines. We reached our camp here at 12:30 AM having traveled a distance of 17 or 8 mi The afternoon was spent about camp. The weather today was fair and warm. Perfectly clear in the morning but clouding up in [illegible] north during the afternoon. No rain.

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R.B. Richardson 134 General Account 54 m 11 Kern River Canyon 10500 ft. Lassen Co., California. Started out hike this morning at 6:45. Proceeded along the trail to the first lake above camp and then crossed the creek. (Kern River) and around the west side of the second lake and then to the east side of the largest of the lower lakes having again crossed the creek. From this point on we took a more or less direct route toward the north end of Lab S.A. reaching our destination by 1:00 PM. This entire valley containing the headwaters of the Kern River has been wiped out by the previous action of glaciers leaving us on the floor of the valley many lakes. The rock floor as well as the ridges in the valley

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B.Nichardson 34 55 General Account show unmistakable and perfect evidence of glacial polish. Much of this floor is covered with large boulders "erratics". The little ridges and walls are interesting. None of them are over 100 ft high but the interesting fact lies in that they all run in an east west direction. They are of course not continous being broken up by the streams, lakes and the larger ridges forming at the edges of the valley. The high mountains forming an almost complete ring around the valley give one an idea of a large amphitheater. From Lake S.A. we went east to the three lake situated just below Lake S.A. and skirting these, and thence to the trail down the canyon or valley to camp.

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B. Richardson 134 56 General Account. The animal life seen today has not been what one would call abundant. These Callopancyphles were seen one at or on alt of 11,500. Ravy Finches were common and seemed to be pairing off. A pair of Blackbirds and a Wood Pecker were seen at 18,600 ft elevation. At the south end of the lake South America we are observed where two foxes had evidently caught a Sierra Gair. The tracks in the snow told the tale, two fox tracks and a rabbit crossed the outlet to the lake and the tracks showed a good deal of skirmishing about and finally two fox tracks giving up to the hill. The length of the stride of the fox was 7" away and the track in the snow measured 2" by 2 1/2". The Yellow-legged Frogs were

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D Richardson 134 57 General Account. found in th rocky edge of th lakes, especially those that did not contain fish. Most of the frogs seen were more than 3" in length and the average was 2 1/2 and varied down in size to tadpoles. On the trail a mile above camp in a large dense Fox-tailed Pine tree with a large quantity of Porcupine dung underneath. This tree had evidently been his winter refuge. The logs showed evidence that he had been gnawing this tree. In camp This evening we had an excellent chance to observe a female Pine Martin. It was hopping lightly about on the rocks along a little marshy stream She had a pale muddy brown coat. We put fishing this evening caught 4 Golden trout the largest being 10 1/2" long. 2 were female Weather, Clear and bright the morning, cloud and slight hail in evening

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B.Richardson 58 134 Annual Account. M 12 Fern River Canyon 10,500 ft. Petaluma Co., California. From the 3o traps Mr. Dixon set last night, along the stream and in the rocks near camp, there was no catch. Six or more had been sprung apparently by the Pine Marten. Today's hike was up Whiston Creek following the climbed trail to the edge of timber and then shooting off to the south side of the creek. We followed round the little slope and on to the shoulder at the east base of Whiston Mt alt 12,700. From this point we started toward camp making a circle to the north side of the canyon and joining the trail just below the first lake on the creek. The territory as a whole is much the same as the country about Lake South America

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B. Richardson 134 General Account 59 of that of Great Basin with its glacial valley, cirques and rugged mountains forming the rim of the basin. This neither so large or impressive as the two previously mentioned. The mammals and birds of prey that were seen today were relatively few. A chipmunk was seen at an elevation of 12500 ft in tall flowering meadow grass. The rock wrens were singing and were also seen let at an altitude of 12500 ft. There was evidence of where winter work along the grassy stream bank. The fish in this first three lakes were plentiful and of good size. From all appearances they were Bald Eagle Trout In the evening 5:20 P.M. I observed an old & American Merganser that was feeding on the fingerling fish in

B Richardson 134 60 General Account. the fish near camp. The plumage was in a worn condition. The weather today was clear in the morning but the clouds began coming in earlier 10:00 A.M. They formed a heavy bank all over the upper portion of the Kern Canyon by 2:00 P.M. On the evening about 4:30 P.M there was a small hail storm the stones of which were about 1/4" in diameter. This let up after about a half hour but by 8:00 P.M. there was a continuing which lasted till 9. The ground showed that the precipitation was not very great during the night.

B.Richardson 61 34 General Account. M 13 Upper Funston Meadow, Kern Canyon Fresno Co., California 6800 ft. From the 30 traps set out near camp Mr. Dixon got one adult Mink and from all appearances another had been caught but had been taken out of the trap by the Pine Marten. A number of the traps were sprung. We packed the two mules up this morning and got a 9:00 A.M. start down the Kern Canyon, retracing our steps. Laid over an hour and a half at a little meadow below Funston Meadow for feed and rest and then continued on down to Upper Funston for the night. There was a noticeable increase in animal life as we proceeded down the canyon, and a particular increase in Squirrel Solitaire and Water Ouzels. Just below the Kern River Hot Springs, I found dead in the trail

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Richardson. 62 34 General Account. a young American Margaret. There was no evidence as to the cause of its death but in its mouth was sand plus a small water insect. The weather today was like yesterday only more so. There were small wispy clouds in the south when we woke up and they began shifting towards the north followed by heavier dark clouds. The first rain came to us during lunch time which was really nothing more than a drizzle. The dark clouds continued to pile in during the remainder of the afternoon but no rain until about 4:00 PM when we had a brief large drop rain. The tourist population of the Grand Canyon has been very small. We have seen only two couples with one pack mule each and three packers with 7 head of stock going over to Independence

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B.Richardson. 134 65 General Account m 14 Upper Funston Meadow Kern Co. Inlan Co., California. 6800 ft. Today we remained at the meadow due to the unfavorable appearance of the weather. The morning was spent about camp straightening out the pack and doing our washing. In the afternoon we walked up to the Cheyapa Patrol Station to see Ralph Weiss the ranger. Returned to camp early in the afternoon and went down to the Big Arroyo to fish. Fished from the bridge down the river on to the Kern and in one large pool in the Kern River itself. Just above camp this afternoon we saw a pair of Bignut Squirrels. They were judging about in the lower deal pine twigs. One was taken as a specimen. Mr. Dixon saw a & American Merganser and

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B. Richardson. 34 General Account. 64 seven young about th size of th one I found dead yesterday. These young were so small that they were unable to swim some of the swifter rapids and so had to get out and walk around. There were three or more Light Hawks feeding up and down the River as I was fishing on the Fern. Fishing this evening was good, I caught 10 th largest of which was 15" long and weighed 12 lb. The fish caught in th Big Arroyo were all small 7" or less. The grass in the meadow is excellent it is 8 or more inches high and is well headed out even the previous grazing of th stock had not effected th growth to any large degree. The water was clear until about 9:00 A.M. when it began to cloud up. A brief rain in the evening about 5:00 P.M.

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B.Richardson 65 734 General Account. m 15 Big Arroyo Creek. 10300 ft Tulare Co., California This morning we broke camp, packed the mule and headed up the Big Arroyo. The trail heads up Funston Creek along the south end of Sky Parlor Meadow and then to Moraine Lake. Here we ate lunch. Observed a ♂ American Merganser on the lake. From the lake we followed by trail to the rim of the Big Arroyo. This we followed along for several miles and then dropped down into the floor of the Big Arroyo at an elevation of 9200 ft. From this point we traveled up the river to our present camp near the head waters. elevation 10300 ft. This is near the last end of timber in the canyon Mr. Dixon ran a distance of two miles from Funston Meadow

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B.Richardson. 34 General Account. to Chagopa Plateau counted 83 lizards (Sceloporus) and on Rattle Snake. Conies were seen in the Big Army Arroyo from 9300 ft. Elevation up to camp. A large number 100-15 White Crowned Sparrow have been seen in the floor of the canyon especially at the higher banks 10800 or above. One old nest was observed in the low willows on the ground. A Golden-mouthed Brown Squirrel was seen in the canyon at 9200 ft elev. The weather today was similar to the previous days. Clear in the early morning, clouds came in by 10:00 A.M. and a brief hail storm in the afternoon, and clear by 7:00 P.M.

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Richardson 34 67 Annual Account m 16 Head of Big Arroyo Sulaur Co, California. 10300 ft. From the 20 traps set about the willow thicket near camp I got 2 Peromyscus maniculatus, 3 Microtus montanus and 1 Sorex obscurus. Our hike today took me during the morning up the trail from Kearsarge Sep 10700 ft and down to the second lake. This little lake at the present time is almost completely frozen over. After our dinner in the camp we continued back down the trail and to the north east into the Nine Lake Basin. Our course was a gradual swinging more and more to the east until we reached the last of the nine lakes at alt. 12000 ft. We saw 9 of the nine lakes. This last lake sets at the north of Black Kearsarge. Returned to camp by 4:00 P.M.

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B. Richardson 34 68 General Account At the first little lake the other side (west) of Kaweah Bag we observed 143+ frogs on the north side of the lake over a distance of 100 yd. They were so thick that we undoubtly missed many in the count. They ranged in size from 3" in length at tadpol stage. Tadpoles were not then in consideration. Three of these Yellow-legged Frogs were taken for specimens. Two Corixs were seen today one in Kaweah Bag 10700 ft. and the other up at the edge of the last of the nine lakes alt. 1200 ft. This morning while going to my traps I found one nest and one occupied White-crowned Sparrow nest. The nest, 4 eggs and adult bird were collected. A flock (30) of Ruby Finches was flying about in short circles over the meadow this morning, evidently this was mating

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B.Richardson. 69 34 General Account anties. However, masked pairs were observed high up on the mountain flats in the day. A Sierra Germit Shrew was caught in my traps as I checked them over this evening. The weather today was clear in the morning till 10:30 AM and then clouded up. Up in the thin glade Basin we had a hail storm at 2:00 - 3:00 PM. which cleared up by 3:30 By 4:00 the sky became overcast again and a drizzling rain began which continued for 2 or more hours. But everything wet and soggy. The horse feed that is good consisting of short fine bunch grass that is now coming to head. Then on large green areas of this where we find good sticking ground for our 2 mules.

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Richardson 34 70 General Account. 17 Hamilton Lake 9300 ft Tulare Co. California. This morning trapping caught consisted of 6 Peromyscus maniculatus and 1 Microtus californicus. Three of these Peromyscus were caught in their traps set under a dead log near camp. We packed up this morning and left the Head of the Big Arroyo headed for Hamilton Lake. We were in the Kaweah Gap at a 11:00 A.M. a distance of about 1½ mil from camp. From the gap there is a steady down hill at a an even grad to the Hamilton lake, a distance of about 3 mi. The trail has been excellently constructed being a part of the High Sierra Trail. It heads down through steeper slopes, around rock faces and is even bridged over a chasm (100ft.). The upper part of the trail was in good condition except for 6 snow banks

B.Richardson 34 General Account. 71 but the lower part of the trail was badly washed out in places due to a heavy rain after the trail crew had fixed it up for the summer. Some of the places crossed were dangerous for the stock Hamilton Lake which is at the head of the Kaweah River is quite different from the head of the Kern River. The cirques are fewer but larger with straight sides and the mountains and canyon walls see more domes with abrupt walls. The vegetation here is dense Pinyon Pine and Red Fir and is the upper boundary of Yellow Pine and Black Oak. This afternoon I took a hike about the lake and collected from the brushy area on the northeast side 5 Alligator lizards and one Cormorant from the steeper slope on the south west side. Two other Cormorants were seen and 5 more heard. Two Calliope hummingbirds

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M.B. Richardson. 34 72 General Account. were shot in camp They were getting into our grub. While fixing up some specimens in camp I started to see a Mountain Weasel chasing a Callowaymophyla As the two were running over a large flat rock the Callow was outdistancing the weasel. I interrupted the chase A Grouse is drumming still up in an old Fir tree on the hill side. The weather today was clear until about 2:00 P.M. when it began clouding up but there was no rain during the day. All of the little canyons and gullies about the lake show evidences of a heavy rain sometime in the past week. The same rain that took out the trail. The horse feed is poor, almost nothing and there are signs and warning of poison pasture.

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General Account WNR. $ 300 ff. m 18 Hamilton Lake Solan Co, California From the 25 traps set out by Mr. Dixon last night he got 10 Prongyems and 3 Marmots Today has been spent largely about camp. This morning I hunted along the altitude to the lake but did not get anything however I saw a Callow, (Conis, and a Marmot. Later in the morning we took the mule down the trail & mill to better find. The remainder of the morning and early afternoon was spent in skinning. The later part of the day has been spent in getting ready to break camp early in the morning and taking care of the mules. The animal life here is abundant. There is a fine crop of Callow, prongyems, Chipmunks and Marmots Today I have seen 5 Marmots in the 1/4 mi

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B.Richardson 34 74. General Account. between the lake and where the mules are staked. The weather for most of today has been foggy and cloudy with now and then a brief opening in the haze to let the sun come through. Rain in a brief form about 7:00 P.M.

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B.R. Richardson 34 General Account 75 m 19 Sequoia Park Headquarters Teller Co, California. From the troops set at Hamilton Lake this morning we took 6 Bronco's. Packed up early this morning and went on the trail out of Hamilton Lake by 7:00 A.M. headed for the park headquarters. We reached Crescent Meadow by 1:00 P.M. a distance of 9.6 mi having been covered. This point of the trail or (High Sierra Trail) was in good condition and excellently constructed. From Crescent Meadow Mr. Dixon took the packing equipment back to the cabin at head-quarters and I took the two mules over to the corral at wolf summit. Today's trip down the middle fork of the Kaweah impressed me with the fact that this was more relent and aboriginal life

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B.R.Richardson 74 134 General Account in this area than then, was in the Kern River region, as a comparison of sq mi. for sq mi. The weather today has been mild, fair in the morning and clouds in the afternoon.

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B Richardson 134 77 General Account m 20 Park Head-quarters (Sequoia). Tulare Co, California. This morning left at 8:00 A.M. for the valley for grist and other supplies Reached Portville at 12:00 A.M. and had lunch with my folks. Purchased our necessary supplies at during the early afternoon and returned to Sequoia Park Head-quarters by 5:00 P.M. The weather this morning was clear and the afternoon some few clouds. The weather in the valley was just hot.

-13 Richardson 78 934 General Account 21 Emerald Lake 9340 ft. Inyo Co., California Packed up at the government camps this morning and took the trail to Emerald lake a distance of about 6 miles We arrived at our destination by 1:00 P.M. Three of Mrs. Bixons children came along with us. The trail follows along the ridge which was covered with a heavy fir forest. The first 4 1/2 mi is a continued up good and the next 1/2 mi. being down to flattest. The trail from the lake is rather poor coming over to Emerald and Astor lake. Emerald lake lies about 1/2 mi south east of Astor lake. In the afternoon we fixed camp and set out the traps, 15 down about the willow thicket near Astor lake, 5 along the stream edge near camp, and 5 about camp. Weather fair with few clouds.

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Richardson 34 79 General Account 14 22 Emerald Lake 9340 ft. Inyo Co., California. From the slopes this morning we got 5 Chromospinus manipulete, 4 Microtus and 1 Shrew. Took a short hunting trip down to Astor Lake and back and on the way shot one Sequoia Chipmunk and saw 4 others. Also saw 4 Golden Mantled Ground Squirrels and two Marmot (Suns). Later in the morning we took a trip of about 4 1/2 mi over to Pear Lake. Pear lake is a younger lake in formation with more abrupt rock walls and seemingly deeper than Astor or Emerald lake. There are large slides in the granite which contain the same crystallized properties of granite. On the round trip, I saw 8 Chipmunks and 2 Marmot and shot 1 Calliope hummingbird. In the afternoon I skimmed

B.P. Richardson 34 80 Annual Account. For a while this went fishing over to Pear lake with Lincoln Martin. The fishing was quite good considering the time of day and the length of time spent fishing. We caught 8 fish ranging in size from 7 to 10 in in length. Their stomachs showed that there was an abundance of food in the lake. After dinner I fished in Emerald Lake catching only two fish, not so good luck as the previous evening at which time I caught 8 fish the largest of which was 15" The animal life here at the present time is quite abundant but still it does not seem over crowded. The thing that impresses me most is the abundance of Chipping sparrows about the beginning the process of nest building. We have also seen White-crowned Sparrows, Townsend Solitaires, Wood Pecker, James Clark's Crowe, Audubon Warbler,

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Richardson 34 81 Annual Account 423 Emerald Lake 9340 ft. Tulare Co, California. This morning before breakfast I went fishing in Emerald Lake. Caught 2 fish. There are a good many fish in the lake and some large ones (16" or 18") but there is so much food for them that they will not look at a hook. Mr. Dixon found a Thousand Schilder nest near the lake containing 4 eggs (fresh) It was built in a grassy dedge of a rock bed two feet off the ground. He later found a Kuma nest in a clump of sedge near the same locality. The remainder of the morning and for afternoon was spent in skinning. The last afternoon (4:00) I went fishing over to Pine Lake. I was able to catch the limit of 10 fish without much difficulty. 3 the largest of the fish

B.Richardson 34 82 General Account measured 11" The catch in the trap for this morning was 4 Cleomysurus and 2 Microtus. and a Chipmunk (Seymourina). Mr. Dixon during a short hunt this morning shot an Alpine Chipmunk.

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J. Richardson 83 '34 General Account M 24 Emerald Lake 9340 ft. Inyo Co., California The catch in the 25 traps this morning was 1 Merrius and 2 Pelomyxena. This morning we got a 7:00 A.M. start for our hike to Moon Lake. The route of travel was around the side at the outlet of Pear Lake and then over the shoulder at the north east of Pear Lake. From this point we followed the little stream up to the Table Meadows and on to Table Land. We took an easy course across Table Land to the ridge at the head of Cloud Canyon. This ridge we followed along in a south direction for a mile or more. From this ridge an excellent view of much of the high country can be seen, Mt. Brown, Table Mt., Milestone Mt. and many of the mountains across the Kings River.

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Richardson 34 General Account 84 should also include in this list of mountains the Kaweah Peaks that stand are prominently to the south east From this ridge on tall land we made a loop to the south west to Moose Lake. Moose Lake lies at the head of Buck Canyon and is peculiar in that it contains many islands and peninsulas and is a large lake for that kind of a locality. From Moose Lake we took an eastwardly direction to Pear Lake and from Pear Lake went around the shoulder back to camp at Emerald Lake. The animals observed on the hike today have been interesting. W. attained a metal pair of Buckhorns above Moose Lake and a gyfle in that same locality also Mr. Dixon shot 2 specimens each of Corvus and Alpin Chipsourche and at the east side of Moose Lake shot an Allen Humming bird. There was a notable lack of of Noisy Finches having observed only 7 during the

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Richardsom 34 General Account. 85 entire lake, however there were numerous pairs of White- crowned Sparrows in the willow thicket. We found two young mice near Astro Lake as we left in the morning. A Chicken Squirrel was seen in the Lodge Pole pine before we left camp in the morning. The fishing in Moose Lake was excellent. I fished for about an hour and caught 3 fish 12"-15" in length. Most of the fish seemed of this size, I counted over 140 while fishing along one side of the lake. There were also numerous fingerling trout that were planted this season. The stomachs of the fish taken showed that there was an abundance of food material about! The weather was clear all day. From Moose Lake there appeared to be haze coming up the Middle Fork of the Kaweah.

B. Richardson 86 34 General Account. 25 Emerald Lake 9340 ft. Tulare Co., California. The catch in the traps this morning was 3 Microtus. This morning was spent in search of Birds & snakes but without results. Saw 4 Alligator lizards in the willow patches. Numerous Yellow legged Frogs were seen in the rain pools and small lakes. These frogs were varying in size from toady's size. A pair of Larkspurs and Bluelets Warblers were feeding in the willow thicket. The afternoon was spent in two hikes. One down below Astor Lake nearly to where it joins the main river and the other hike was up to the crest south of Emerald Lake. On close observations found that the + eggs of the Emperor Solitaire nest were well incubated. This morning

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:Richardson 34 87 General Account I observed a Water Ouzel plunging into the water after what appeared to be fulgurite. Also observed a brood of young fernos. On the side of the crest an alt. of 10500 ff I saw a pair of Rock Wrens, 1 Nery Eriel, 1 Marmot and 2 Whit- crowned Sparrows singing The weather weather was warm with only a few clouds in the afternoon But last night it was quite cold forming ice over the still water about camp. The evening we saw a small 3 point buck deer about camp. It was in fair condition but not as good as one would expect with the abundant supply of food about. Mr. Orson observed his a bigger buck in better condition.

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B. Richardson 134 General Account. 88 26 Emerald Lake, 9340 ft. Inyo Co., California This morning we hiked over to Heath Lake. Had a swim and was the water cold?? Saw as a good many fish in the lake in spite of the summer fishermen. We counted one school that contained 35-40 fish measuring from 6-18 inches in length. Other individual fish were seen. I think that the number of remaining fish was due to the large quantity of frogs that saw plenty in the water These frogs seemed to be of a tad-hopper variety Between Heath and Emerald Lake we saw for the first time on our trip 3 tree Woodpeckers. At the south end of Heath Lake we found a Coons log pile showing evidence that it had been used for 2 or three years. Observed 2 Coons in the immediate vicinity.

Bernal Account Mr. Dixon spent several hours at noon conducting a nature hike about the other lake. In the late afternoon I went over to Bear Lake, fishing caught the light of fish measuring from 6"-10" in length. The weather was clear but last night was quite cold. It froze ice on the small pond and the ground was also frozen.

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Richardson. 734 90 General Account Nov 27 Sequoia Park Headquarters Tebbar Co, California. Packed our camp at Emerald Lake this morning and puttered back to the Park Headquarters concluding 5 weeks of travel and collecting. On the way down we took the trail by the Watch Tower which last year there was a Golden Eagle nest, but this year there were no signs of reoccupation, but only the remaining last years nest. Tomorrow we plan on trucking the mules to Portville. The weather is clear and warmer nights.

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D Richardson 34 91 General Account. by 3 Sequoia Park Headquarters Tulare Co. California & 500 ft. Come up to the park yesterday for only a short stay. My uncle (20 yrs old) and I wanted to see Mr. Dixon again before he left for Yosemite. This morning Mr. Dixon, Mr. Pound (a ranger-naturalist) and myself went down to the Mall Fork River in quest of the previously observed Black Swift nest. Built on the moist cliff 20 ft. above the plunging river were two nests. The small cup nests were almost entirely built of moss except for a few pin needles for lining. The nest was supported on the sharp face by a small soft crack. A female bird was sitting on

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*B.Brichardson 134 General Account. 92 each of the nests and seemed very reluctant about leaving as we approached the cliff with a ladder. In one nest was a fresh egg and in the other was a young bird about 10 or 2 days old. It had not as yet the least sign of down or feathers. The birds after having been disturbed from the nest remained off for 15 or 20 minutes and on returning lit on the face of the cliff and then slipped over to the nest. Within 10 ft of the Swift nests were 3 Water Oyzler nests two of them were old and one of this year's construction. On the return to camp we found a Robins nest with young and a Junco nest with 4 eggs. On the return from

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m B Richardson 934 General Account 93 th river in a little meadow near Sherman Creek I found a large Toad which was retained for a specimen. On the mud when I caught the Toad I also found some small fresh water crabs. At the campfire this evening Mr. Caskin used a Rubber Snake to frighten his talk, which he afterwards gave to me. This snake he said was found in Fir wood Camp.

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94 Bernal Account ly 5 Portville Inlan Co, California Returned home this morning from Sequoia Park Found a deer in the road that had been run over by a car. The exact locality was at Rocky Hill 3 mi east of Exiter.

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95 34 General Account ly 6 Porterville Tulare Co., California This morning was spent collecting along the Tule River Bottom from Bourbon property to the Worth bridge. The river at the present time is not flowing but rather it consists of a number of puddles in the lower places. About each of these puddles are large quantities of frogs. They are in such large quantities that it seems as though there would not be food enough to maintain them. I estimated the quantity seen during the mile ride along the river as 5000+. These Frogs I believe were the young of the Bull Frog for I found a graduating size pupa to the larger Bull Frog. Two Great Blue Herons and

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B. Richardson 934 Genual Account thus smalls Senons was seen flying about and from appearences are feeding to a large extent upon these frogs. A dead Skunk and Opossum were seen showing that the mammals and marsupials & an also feeding on the numerous frogs. When the frogs were put in formylled a few of them regurgitated the content of their stomach. This consisted of smaller frogs, small fish, water insects, and a hornet. Three Green Snakes one Alligator Lizzard and two Microtus with meat were taken. Four young bats were mocked down from between the timber of the Worth bridge.

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"S Richardson 91 934 General Account. Jly 14 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500ft. Tulare Co. California. Arrived in Quaking Aspen at about 12:30 this afternoon. After looking along th meadow and out on Peppermint Creek, we decided to establish our permanent camp ½ mi above the park station at the upper end of Quaking Aspen Meadow. The afternoon was spent in arranging camp. In the late afternoon I set out 25 small mouse traps along th meadowy stream near camp and 8 large rat traps at the foot of large fir tree. The bird life in this locality seems quite abundant. I saw a pair of Evening Grosbeaks fly from the stream side to the high

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O.P. Richardson 934 98 General Account. portion of a finch. In a willow thicket I watched the actions of a & Hummingbird gather the sage from the workings of a sparrow. A Sparrow was also seen in the willow patch. This bird was peculiarly colored in that it looked very much like a Red- breasted Sparrow but it lacked the red head and breast, the head and breast of this bird being black. (Dr. Wm Bell) found a junco nest containing 3 birds & developed and an addle egg. The White-headed Woodpecker nest found by Mr. Dixon and myself on May 19, 1934 contained the bodies of 4 young birds. These birds had been dead for quite some time. The weather has been clear and warm

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B Record 934 99 General Account. all day a strong wind developed from 5:00 PM on and reduced the temperature considerably.

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B Richardson 34 1001 General Account. July 15 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Siskiyou Co., California. From the traps this morning I got 2 Sequoia Chipmunks, 3 Peromyscus m. and 4 Microtus mordox. A good catch. The entire morning and afternoon up to 5:00 PM was spent in skinning mammals. At 3:00 Mr. Fubbs my P.I.C. Seboz prof came into camp and invited me to go with him to the Medals. We drove an car within a mile of Pygmyut Creek and then struck out on foot in an easterly direction. There are many small ridges in this locality giving the country a up and down appearance. The north facing slopes and little canyons are well forested principally with fir. The south facing slopes are principally covered with rocks and manzanita and chinqupin shrub while the

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B. Richardson 134 General Account. scattered trees were of three varieties, fir, yellow pine and sugar pine. The Medlia has a group (about 4) of sharp granite domes. From the top of the Medlia, Lloyd Meadow, Forks of the Kern River, and the lower Kern River and much of the surrounding country can be seen. Flying about Medlia I saw a White- throated Swift. I returned to camp about 8:30 P.M. having covered a distance of about 10 mi. The weather today has been bright and clear, cool in the evening, moderate wind.

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B. Richardson 934 102 General Account. uly 14 Quaking Aspen Meadow ,7500 ft. Tulare Co., California. The catch in the traps today consisted of 8 Sequoia Chipmunks, + Muskrat, 1 Chicken and 2 Bird. The entire time today was spent in camp preparing mammal skins. A grad made a new runway through camp. Und has observed each morning a pair of Ravins flying down canyon from east to west. The weather today has been bright and clear. No wind and comfortably warm.

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B.Richardson 103 134 General Account July 17 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Inyo Co. California. From the traps today I got 5 Sequoia Chipmunks, 4 Meadow Mice, 1 Peromyscus, 1 Junco, and 1 Arctomys Warbler. The entire morning was spent skinning. The early afternoon I set out 5 steel traps. 2 small ones a ¼ mile south of camp in a long rock pile about the working of a Woodrat; 1 no.3 and 2 small traps (no.0) south east of camp ½ mi. All 5 of these traps were baited with cotton seed except the 2 off to wood rat nest which were baited with grain. The late evening I spent skinning. The weather was clear and bright.

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B. Richardson 34 General Account 104 by 18 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Siskiyou Co., California The catch in the traps today consisted of 1 Flying Squirrel, 2 Sciuridae, 1 Chipmunk and two birds. The entire day was spent skinning with the exception of setting 10 small steel traps (no. 0) about the base of six two man gushing aspen grove with the intent of catching flying squirrels. The weather was clear.

13. Pribars 734 General Account. 105 ly 19 Breaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Inland Co. California. Todays catch consisted of 9 Chipmunks, 3 Golden - mantled Ground Squirrels, 2 Meadow Mice, 1 Porcupine, 1 Macgillivray Warbler, 3 Juncoes 2 Robins, 1 P Warbler. The morning was spent skinning. In the afternoon I went over to see the Game Warden Mr. Ballard, alone collecting and shooting in this area. He was very pleasant about the whole thing. At about 2:00 P.M. I went down to see Mr. Rollfell who had reported decaying mice in the trees (Yellow Pine) which he was felling. He was not cutting today so I was not able to obtain any porcupine. Coming back along the road I saw a & Den Otter second seen in this locality. Weather clear.

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B. Richardson 104 34 General Account ly 20 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500ft. Faler Co., California. From the frogs this morning I got 1 Blaromy 3 Ichneumons, 3 Cutomers and 1 Microtis. The forenoon was spent skinning and the afternoon I went for a short hunt about the meadow. Shot a Blue- fronted Jay and a Red- breasted Sapsucker. The remainder of the afternoon was spent skinning and fixing up camp. The weather was mild and clear.

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M.B. Richardson 107 934 General Account. July 21 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500ft. Eelake Co., California The catch today consists of 4 Chipmunks, 1 Shrew 1 Gopher, 1 Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel, 1 Peromyscus, 1 Woodland Warbler. 2 Fox Squirrels and 1 ?all bird. The morning was spent as usual shinning with the exception that I went down (4 mi) to see M. Hallwell to place an order for some grub. (A dog got into camp last night and took our meat and flour). I observed two deer along the road. Set 8 gopher traps in the meadow in the early afternoon and took a short hike up the stream looking for reptile and amphibian Found a Slender Salamander and 2 Yellow-legged Frog I reloaded about 75 shot gun shells and reset the two traps I had set out at the wood site south of

B. Richardson 108 34 General Account. camp to the east end of the meadow; hiked it with boom for flying squirrels. Weather clear and warm.

B. Richardson 109 34 General Account. ly 22 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Soler Co. California Today's catch consisted of 25 flying squirrels, 3 Meadow mice 2 chipmunks, 3 Chipmunks and a bird. (James ?young). The entire day was spent in camp skinning with the exceptio of skimming the traps and setting 3 gopher traps at the upper end of the meadow. The rabbits and amphibians were brought to me by our camp neighbors. Weather clear and warm. Shot bats in the evening. There were a number flying high about the fire surrounding the meadow. Managed to hit one.

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M.B. Richardson 34 110 General Account by 23 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft Inyo Co., California. Todes catch consisted of 4 Chipmunks 2 of which were cought in the same trap at the same time, 2 Badgers, 2 Porcupines, The entire morning and early afternoon was spent in skinning. In the late afternoon I went to Meadow (10 mi) to get the mail and do some shopping. In the evening ran my traps as usual and shut at 6:30. The weather was cold during the early part of the morning but broke later on and the rest of the day was clear and bright.

m.B. Richardson 111 34 Sexual Account. ly 24 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500f Tulare Co. California. Today's catch consisted of 1 Chipmunk and 2 Meadow Mice. Very poor. In the morning I took a short hunt for some birds north east of the meadow in the fir forest with pine and other patches of cypresses. I shot 4 birds and spent the rest of the morning shining then In the early afternoon I continued shining and at 3:15 P.M. began making a new trap line consisting of 35 large mouse traps which I set at the lower end of Brown's Meadow. These traps were set in among the grows and willow trees to the little stream running through the meadow, Brown Meadow is about 150 yds from Quaking Aspen Meadow but at

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B. Richardson 112 34 General Account. was in e south south direction. I also reset 10 of th smallest and set traps and to the upper end of Quaking Aspen M After set 3 grizzly traps in Snow Shadow. Shot bait in evening Weather clear and bright all day

B. Anderson 34 113 General Account Jy 25 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500ft. Tulare Co., California Todays catch consisted of 3 Shrews, 1 Squirrel, 11 Minnows 6 Promys, 1 Golden-mouth Ground Squirrel, and 4 Chipmunks. The entire day was perfect shining with the exception of clouding in the late morning and clouding and shooting stars in the late evening. The weather was clear and warm.

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M.B. Richardson 754 General Account 114 by 26 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Tulare Co., California. Today's catch of 2 Slugs 1 Flying Squirrel, 3 Chipmunks and 8 Meadow Mice. The entire morning and early afternoon was spent skinning. In the late afternoon I took a picture of camp, wrote up my log notes and then spent an hour and 1/2 searching for salamanders in the bottom logs north of the meadow. I shot bats in the late evening. Weather clear and bright.

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B. Pichendee 134 General Account. 115 by 27 Quaking Aspen Meadow, >500ft. Salaul Co. California From the traps today I got 1 Flying Squirrel, 1 Rabbit, 1 Ground Squirrel. 5 Chipmunks + Meadow Mouse, 1 White-footed mouse. The morning was spent skinning. On the afternoon I went in search of gophers at the north and east side of the meadow. After an hour and a half of unsuccessful searching I struck off in an east direction toward the hill. This hill is predominately brush with scattered groups of rocks and trees. On one of these rock piles I found an old rat mat. There were numerous winding places but no evidence of them being used at the present time. The Flying Squirrel I caught this morning was in a trap hung in a tree so 3

Elizabethtown 25 Quaking Aspen Meadow Inverness California #8004

B. Richardson 34 116 General Account proceeded to nail or hang the remains of the trap in the trees. Shut up late in the evening. The weather was a little cloudy in the evening.

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B. Richardson 117 34 General Account ly 28 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500ft. Tulare Co. California. Todays catch consisted of 1 Golden - mantled Ground Squirrel, 1 Ground Squirrel 2 Chipmunks, 3 Meadow Mice 1 Chickens. The morning was spent in skinning. On the afternoon went for a short hunt north east of camp. Shot a Red- breasted Nuthatch and a Chickadee and returned to camp to continue skinning. Shot bat in the evening. The weather was cloudy most of the day with a slight rain in the evening. Cleared off at night.

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B. Richardson 118 34 General Account ly 29 Quaking Aspen Meadow 7500 ft. Co, California. Todays catch consisted of 1 Shrew, 1 Ground Squirrel, 1 Minotus and 2 White-footed Mice. The morning was spent in skinning. The early afternoon I spent searching for gophers south and below the meadow, with no results. Later in the afternoon found a Weasel feeding in the meadow. Was able to capture him for a specimen. This Weasel had gone through the neighbors that and down to the meadow looking for mice. Another Weasel had been previously claimed at dinner time in our camp. The weather today has been continually cloudy with thunder in the morning. Only slight rains.

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N.B. Richardson 119 34 Annual Account. ly 30 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7508 ft. Tulare Co. Caly. Todays catch consists of 2 Shrews, 2 Chipmunks, 3 Mice In the morning I skinned and in the afternoon took a hike up the meadow toward the summit. Shot bats in the evening. The weather was cloudy and slightly rainy.

B. Richardson 134 120. General Account July 31 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Elk Co., California. The catch today consisted of 2 Flying Squirrel, 1 Chucky Ground Squirrel, 3 Gophers and 4 Meadow Mouse The entire day was spent skinning. My sister and Corinne Martin came into camp this morning. They hiked all the way from Mineral King. The weather was clear and bright.

B. Richardson. 34 121 General Account part 1 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Siskiyou Co., California Today's catch consisted of 2 Flying Squirrels, 1 Golden Mantled Ground Squirrel, 1 Beech, 4 Chipmunks, 1 Meadow Mouse, 2 White-footed Mouse. The entire day has been spent about camp shaping and preparing for my trip into the Little Klamath River Canyon. Collected all of my types in the evening. The weather was clear and bright.

B. Richardson 134 General Account 122 quart 2 Little Kern River, 2 mi from Forke. Tulare Co. California Left camp this morning with a 30 lbs. pack on my back head out the cattle drive to the Whit Meadow feed and thence east to the stull bridge on the Little Kern River. At this point I left the trail and followed the river through the gorge toward the forks of the Big and Little Kern Rivers. From the Smith trail along the Cattle Drive I saw a sets of Bear track where one or more Bear had crossed the trail during the past night. Observed a covey (7) of Quail in the fir forest near the summit 8500 ft alt. The first and only Kernavis Chapman was seen on east facing slope of the little Kern before I reached the stull bridge

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M.B. Richardson 123 34 General Account. At about 15:30 AM I started down the river. The first mile or two was rather open consisting of fouling and willow thickets but after passing the stream which comes through Trout Meadow the canyon narrows down, the sheer granite faces of the walls come directly to the river bed and often made it necessary for me to wade or swim in the middle of the stream. The narrowest location of the river was about 2 1/2 ft wide and at this point the water was going like a mill race. In the slower portion of the river numerous Snakes could be observed while only one did I see a trout. During the first three mi down the Little Kern I observed $4 Water Gypels quats and many birds. The vegetation in the at the Kern

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:B. Richardson 134 General Account consisted chiefly of Pinon Pins. These pines were far more luxuriant and abundant than those of the same variety that I had observed previously in the Kings and Big Kern Rivers. Mixed in with these pines were Cedar, Yellow pine, Black Oak, Mountain Mahogany &c. On the floor of the river was found Alder and willow thickets. Made camp that evening about 5:00 PM to cook my supper and dry my loading. Set 5 mouse traps in about the crevices in the rocks. Numerous bats observed flying along the canyon cliff face after sun down.

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125 B. Richardson 934 General Account east 3 Forks of the Big Little Kern R. Tulare Co, California From th stage st that night I got Peromyscus goylinii. But on early start and finished my journey through th gapg to th forks of th Kern, having traveled a distance of about 3 mls. The lower portion of th Little Kern was not so rough. This was nearly a wide river bed which was grown up with willows and alders. I left my pack at th forks and took a hike up th Big Kern (3mi) This country like the lower portion of th Little Kern is covered with brush which is made up principally of mountain mahogany, while here and there are scattered Yellowwood, Sabina and Pinions. Pine. Rather a dry type of country.

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B. Rickerd 134 General Account. Later in the afternoon I hunted down the main Kern but without results. The weather was quite warm making an afternoon swim full quite pleasant.

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B. Richardson 34 General Account 127 quilt+ Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Eureka Co., California From the traps set in a brushy sand flat at the Forks of the Little Kern I got 3 White-footed Mice. Spent the early part of the morning hunting the river bottom land at the Forks of the river but did not see the sought for Chipmunks. Started the climb out of the canyon toward Lodge Meadow at about 6:30 A.M. On the climb out no Chipmunks were observed until the rim of the canyon was reached. From the rim of the canyon to Lodge Meadow, a distance of about 1/2 mi a number of Chipmunks were seen and 3 taken for specimens. Of these specimens the one secured nearest the rim was th

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D. Richardson 134 General Account grayet in color and that son taken close to as M. was nearly the same color as those found at Quaking Aspen Meadow. Loyla Meadow is rather a dry uninteresting rest of a place. It is a long, rolling lava bed thinly forested with Yellow Pine and Juniper and through which runs Freepan Creek. The trail to O.A. from S.M. is through a dense forest similar to the county near O.G. except for the first portion which contains Redwoods. Weather clear and bright.

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129 B Richardson 34 Annual Account Augt 5 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Tulare Co. California During the early part of the day I spinned the night of the day before. On this afternoon I set out 10 large rat and stub traps and 20 small mouse traps. The weather was clear.

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M.B. Richardson 130 134 General Account net 6 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Tulare Co. California. The catch last night consisted of Flying Squirrel, Chickens, Gopher & Meadow Mouse, 2 White-footed mice. The morning was spent skinning and labeling the amphibia and reptiles that the neighbor children brought to me while I was away. In the afternoon I set out the remainder of the wood traps (40) in the north branch of Brown Meadow and 18 rat and steel in Brown Meadow. The small sets were for shrews and the large ones for Flying Squirrels. Sam & I tramped in the meadow for the first time. Weather - clear.

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131 :73. Richardson 34 General Account Oct 7 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Tulare Co., California The catch totally consisted of 1 Golden Mantled Ground Squirrel, 3 Chipmunks 3 Meadow Mice, and 4 White-footed Mice I spent the entire morning shooting and in the afternoon I went down to Visalia for gas, oil and provisions. In the evening I shot but did not shoot anything yet. The weather clear and bright.

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132 B. Richardson 34 General Account. part 8 Quaking Aspen Meadow, 7500 ft. Salal Co. California The catch this morning consisted of 1 Ground Squirrel, 3 Chipmunks, 2 Meadow Mice and 3 White-footed Mice. The morning was spent in camp spinning. In the afternoon I collect all of the small traps as a preparation toward my leaving for home tomorrow. Weather clear.

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B. Richardson 134 General Account 153 Sept 9 Quaking Aspen Meadow 7500ft. Tulsa Co., California This morning catch consisted of Golden Youth, Ground Squirrel, Chickeree, Chipmunk. This morning I collected the remainder of the traps that consisted of the steel rat traps and prepared for going home. I observed a large truck 300yd. N.C. of camp left for home at 10:00A.M. June 9,1935 4mi Southeast Potewill Tulsa Co., Calif A rattl snake was cought by Victor Bowker in the above orchard. This snake was put in with a king snake which was larger than the rattle snake. The snakes did not fight as first thought this would but

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General Account rather they were both intent on getting out of the box. They seemed to pay little attention to each other. On being feared the rattlesnake bit the king snake 2 times, but still the king snake did nothing to protect itself.

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B. Richardson 135 1935 General Account 13 Forks of the Big and Little Kern Rivers, Fresno Co. Calif. Left Portville, Calif. at 7:00 this morning and arrived, by auto, at Quaking Aspen Meadow about 9:30. My sister Ellen and I took our moccasins and started for the Forks of the Kern River (Big & Little Kern.) We arrived at our destination about 12:00 and spent the most of the day looking for and fixing a camp along the west side of the little Kern River 200 yd. above the forks. Set out ten of the small mouser traps and 5 wooden rat traps out and also a gopher trap. The larger traps were set near fallen logs in stands of pine an oak in an attempt to catch chipmunks or ground squirrels. The smaller traps set in a brush and combination in varying habitats. While going on the traps line I managed to shoot 2 chipmunks. One adult one and a

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P. Richardson 134 135 Annual Account young on This area is low and flat (elev. 4400 ft.) The steep mountain sides come down abruptly and flatten out into a bouldery flat. This flat is at no place over a ¼ of a mile wide and is sparsely covered with vegetation. Along the river courses there is a narrow line of alders and willows but they are not found on the flat. The mountain slopes are moderately brushy (Ceanothus, Arctostaphylos, Fremontia) but in spots there are thick groves of trees such as the black oak, Pinion pine, Yellow pine, Sugar Pine, Cedar. They are found in different habitats but all within the immediate vicinity. W14 Forks of the Big & Little Kern River Tulare Co., Calif. From the stage this morning I got 1 Pseudocer

THOMAS G. BARD CIVIL ENGINEER John Holbert Richard Bard II TELEPHONE Oxnard 953-X-1 " 575 Hueneme or SOMIS, CALIFORNIA VENTURA COUNTY

B. Richardson 137 35 General Account. and a number of them were growing or had the fruit removed. Shot another chipmunk on the trap round. After breakfast - Arthur and I hiked up on the west canyon wall but were unable to see any signs of chipmunks or mice there although the habitat seemed favorable. There were large boulders, brush and a number of Black Oaks. The mid portion of the day was spent in skinning animals. This evening took a hike up to the lava flow on the north side of the big Kern River. Saw innumerable deer tracks but that was the only signs of life other than donkeys. On the day we came up the 13 Mr. Ballard the game warden told me of a pair of Mt lions that had wintered in the little Kern River. Robert B. Boyd Mr. Chase a camper above him

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D. Richardson 35 General Account 138 saw 3 fawns that had been killed, the scent recent one being about 2 weeks old. He also saw a track a short way up th Big Run. 15 From the traps this morning I got one Peromyscus so I decided to change some of the traps to a more favorable location. Skinned animal. This morning, had an early dinner and in the afternoon hunted down the main Kern R. to the proprietors cabin about 1 mi below the forks, th Chipmks. This evening hunted up the Little Kern. Saw 5 chipmunks just found that my gun had a broken firing pin so was unable to get any. 4-6 Have & Got Porterville Tulare Co. Calif. Caught 18 Eippistris bats from behind the shutters of our hotel. There seemed to be no preference as to exposure of the shutters for both were taken

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135 General Account Aug 5. 4mi SE Porterville Tulare Co Calif. Caught 18 bats from behind the shutter of our house this afternoon. They were found in small colonies from 2-10. They did not seem to fear a predator as to the exposing of the shutter. They remained quiescent in a semi-dark spots. d 4 ft eaves. 18" adobe wall Shutter. Aug 10 2 mi NE Springville Tulare Co Calif. Went corn hunting last evening from 9-12 with 3 dogs Trued j coon in a big rock pile. The dogs picked up on other trails but were

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B. Richardson 35 General Account Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Univ. of Calif. Berkeley, Calif. 2 Placed a piece of each of the following horn, dry bone, fatty bone, antler, and hard wood, which were attached by a copper wire in a cage with 1 Neithodontomy. This animal was obtained by Mr. Clarence Smith sometime last school year for his work on this species. 3 No apparent signs of gnawing on any of the materials. 5 No apparent sign of gnawing. 6 Jan 25 The Neithodontomy died, probably due to improper feeding. There was no apparent sign of gnawing on any of the materials placed in the cage.

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W.B. Richardson 1933-1941 Journal 1935 Calif: Tulare Co.

Species Accounts

Wm B. Richardson 1935. General Account 1 Dec. 19. 4 mi S E Porterville 550 ft Tulare Co. Calif. Arrived from here last evening from Berkeley. Spent the day preparing my outfit for a collecting trip. I plan to go to Coffee Camp tomorrow morning. Saw Donald Tappe this morning and he and his brother Virgil are going to be with me at least part of the time. Two pickups today: one a San Joaquin Cottontail Rabbit found in the road on the way to Porterville and the other an Opossum near the grape vineyard. Dec. 20 4 mi NE Springville 2800 ft Tulare Co, Calif. Left Porterville, Calif. This morning with the necessary equipment in the pickup (fathers car) Established camp at what is locally known as Coffee Camp. 4 mi North East of Springville along the main road to Wilsons donald Tappe and Virgil Tappe joined me at the camp here. We spent the entire afternoon getting traps. Don and his brother put out 11 steel sets south east of camp. I put out 100 mouse traps, 50 rat traps and 25 gopher

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Wm S. Richardson 1935. General Account. traps and are Mole traps. The major portion of the traps were set along the stream side and on the moist hillsides. In general the country here would be described as the basic Sierra, wooded principally with Quercus engelmannii. Along the rivers are willows, cottonwood, and near by are numerous buckeyes. On some areas there are patches of chaparral (Live oak, Manzanita etc.) but these are not large in area due to the shading of the oaks. There are also many granitic rock outcrops especially on the south facing slopes of the canyon and in these I observed many wood rat signs. There is a trapper in the canyon who has a gray fox skin under the automobile tires. Dec 21 4mi NE Springville, 2800 ft. Tulare Co, Calif. From the traps this morning I took 6 gophers, 1 mole, and 14 Peromyscus. Removed 25 small mouse traps and reset some of the gopher and rat traps. Don did not get anything in the

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Wm B. Richardson 1935 3 General Account Sept. I spent the rest of the day skinning. Don took the car up to Soda creek, 2 mi below Nelson; he found 3 ring-tailed cats and a spotted skunk carcass which had been discarded by a tiger. Virgil Topper went back to Porterville. Dec 22 Don Topper took one small spotted skunk from the traps. On my traps there were 3 gophers, 4 Peromyscus. Don also took 3 gophers from traps he had set on a small gully several (200 ft) hundred ft above camp on the north facing canyon wall. A ground squirrel was seen this afternoon which came into camp and ran off with some angry squealing. Don shot it but the wound was not fatal to the extent to prevent it from going down its burrow. The wild tiger took me out to where he caught the gray fox. Habitat: Small dry canyon thickly overgrown with oaks and brush, surrounded on each side by heavy oak, chaparral canyon slopes. I obtained the skull.

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20th B. Richardson 1935 4 General Account Dec. 23 From the traps this morning I took 5 Peromyscus truei, 1 Peromyscus maniculatus and 1 Neithodontomys. Don caught 3 gophers and 1 Ring-tailed cat. The traps have remained out as they were on the first night with the exception of the gopher traps. Bill Hill went hunting this evening and obtained a Cottontail Rabbit. The animal was too badly shot up to make into a specimen. The set which caught the Ring-tailed cat was with 20 ft of the river in a thick patch of grapevines and sagebrush. Dec. 24 From the traps this morning I took 4 Peromyscus truei and 1 Thomomys bottae. I collected the traps and returned to Paytwill this morning. Don left camp yesterday. A met on the weather - It is the unusual California weather when the winter is delayed. There has been little or no rain to speak of yet, the streams are still in the fall minimum. The slight rain has started the grass which is about 2 inches high on the average, still unsuitable for cattle feed.

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Wm. B. Richardson 1935 General Account 5 On 25 4 mi S E Portwill, 550 ft. Tulare Co., Calif. Merry Christmas. On 26 I set 19 gopher traps along the Tule River for a quarter mi each side of the Bordeau Dam. (4 mi. E SE Portwill, 500 ft, Tulare Co, Calif.) All of the traps were placed within 50 yd of the river in the sandy soil. The river bottom land is vegetated with Cottonwoods, Willows, Sycamores etc. but during recent years much of the large trees have been removed to clear the land for both pasture and fire wood, thus the grassy areas or pasture lands are a prominent feature especially along that area farthest away from the river. The sandy area is about on the average of 1/2 mi wide. It varies but is still a continuous strip of sandy land from the valley extending into the foothill area. Dec. 27 "From the 19 traps last this morning I took 4 gophers. I reset each traps away from the river (away 200 yd) in a cut over pasture land.

28th B. Richardson 1935 General Account An interesting thing has developed in our town of Potterville. One of the prominent sportsmen Mr. Liggett has offered a reward for all all hawks and owls that were submitted to him. He offered 25¢ for Sparrow Hawks, $1.00 for Chicken Hawks, $2.50 for Blue Darters etc. (See Clipping.) This man Mr. Liggett is interested in saving the Quail for the hunters and insists that the hawks, all hawks, are responsible for the destruction of a large number of Quail which are the rightful property of the sportsman. Two of the Red Tailed Hawks and one Barn Owl were brought to me yesterday by Bill Battles who had obtained them from Mr. Liggett. For these hawks he had paid $9.00. I examined the stomach and crop contents of the birds and the following is the result. 4 empty 5 contained some animal matter as follows. 2 Ground Squirrel 1 Junco

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Wm B. Richardson 1935 General Account 7 Unidentified bird, probably a duck or grebe. 1 Rurograthus. 1 Skink (old tail only) 1 femuseule Cricket The owl stomach I did not examine. Yesterday evening father went to Mr. Giggett home to have a talk with him. He had evidently taken too much of the Christmas spirits internally. He would not talk in an intelligent way, would not listen to reason and worst of all thought he knew it all about the relationship of hawks and quail. He was proud of the pile of hawks and owls he had seized in his back yard. He showed them to father, and said that there were 7 & 8 narrow Hawks besides the other hawks such as the Red-tailed (about 3), Sharp shinned & Cooper's (about 9) and Long Eared Owl (2). For these he had paid a bounty and maintained that he would continue until he had spent $1000.00. Father tried to reason with him but

General Account it was impossible and I was finally kicked off of the place. Father then got in touch with the game warden Mr. Bullard. He would not commit himself as to his policy nor to what he would do. He seemed to prefer remaining "on the fence" hoping that the entire affair would blow over. This morning we called up Donald Halbert, the deputy district attorney. He said that he would see that Mr. Bullard put a stop to the illegal killing, if not he would call up the state game warden and get action through him. Later this morning Mr. Bullard came to our home, saying that he would put a stop to the entire affair of killing as soon as he could get in touch with Mr. Leggett. Mr. Leggett however had gone hunting for the day and would not be home until this evening. In the meanwhile all the boys about the county are out hunting hawks. This morning we met 2 boys at hunting, one of which had already killed

Thomas D. Landon

Wm. B. Richardson 1935 General Account six Sparrow Hawks. We have been trying to get a notice in the paper to stop the slaughter but under any circumstance the import of the hawk killing mob will will not cease for several days. REWARD OFFERED KILLING HAWKS N. H. Leggett, who figures among Porterville's most prominent sports- men, is offering rewards for the kill- ing of hawks. For the death of a blue darter hawk, he will pay $2.50; for large chicken hawks, $1; for sparrow hawks, 25 cents each; for any other hawk not mentioned, 75 cents. See his ad in the Recorder. The purpose of Mr. Leggett in of- ferring these rewards, which is for a limited time of course, is for the protection of quail. "The way to have more quail is to kill the enemies of quail," said Mr. Leggett. The quail has other enemies besides the hawk, which includes blue jays, crows, weasles, skunks, and bob-cats. The action of Mr. Leggett in offering these rewards will be hailed with de- light by the sportsmen of this dis- trict. Incidentally, stray cats are great quail killers, as well as hawks. Right here it is well for the Re- corder to again make the suggestion that the Porterville Fish and Game Protective Association have an org- anized blue jay shoot once or twice a year. A big blue jay shoot, with a picnic luncheon would rid this dis- trict of a large number of blue jays, which would mean more quail during the next season. The blue jay is a horrible thief. He eats the quail eggs preferably, but he has no ob- jection to eating hen's eggs as well. Clipping from The Porterville Evening Recorder Dec. 24, 1935.

28th B. Richardson 1935 General Account SHOOT THE HAWKS Boys and men here is your chance to make some money. I will pay for a limited time the following prices for hawks, $2.50 for blue darters or what is known as quail hawks, large chicken hawks $1.00, 25c for sparrow hawks and 75c for any other hawks not mentioned. Bring the hawks to me at my stores or my residence, the more hawks the better I will like it. Also 50c for big owls. Hawks must be killed in Tulare Co.—N. H. Leggett. December 24,1935. d23t10 Porterville Evening Recorder Dec. 28 Caught 9 gophers from the 19 traps set yesterday along the north side of the Tule River. The traps covered about ¼ mil of river bottom land & mil below Boyden Dam. Reset the 19 traps along Deer Creek River where the old road to California Hot Springs crosses the creek south of George's corner. M. Leggett stopped payment on all the hawks. Dec 29 Took 11 gophers from the 19 traps this morning. I did not reset the traps due to the heavy rain which started last evening and continued intermittently throughout the day. Dec 30 Went hunting this morning over the south north and east facing slopes of the hill back of our house. Took 9 squirrels and 1 rabbit. One 1/3 of the squirrels that I hit

Wm.B. Richardson 1935 1934 General Account with the 22 (blue point) were killed outright, that is they did not pick into the burrow behind reach all was adult squirrels with a predominance of males. They were quiet weary, the average shot was about 50 yd. Jan 3 Spent the morning hunting ground squirrel on the north facing slope of the hill back of our home. There were numerous squirrels out but I failed to make good shots. Jan 4 4 mi. E S E White River 1200 ft John G. Calkins Packed and left home this morning at 7:00 A.M. Donald Tapper accompanied me. Our camp is along the White River about 5 mi. by road above the little settlement of White River. The river is completely dry but shows signs of the recent rain in the form of silt collected along the bottom. Floral area Upper Sonoran. This area through which is the lower edge of the Upper Sonoran. The vegetation is composed of open stands of Quercus wislizeni, buckeye

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W.B. Richardson 1933-1941 Journal 1936 Calif: Tulare, San Bernardino Cos.

Miscelanea economica

W.B. Rickard 1934 12 General Account Quercus cuspidatus, and a few (lower limit) Sabin Pine. There is a gentle gredient to the land as it extends toward th valley. There are numerous low rolling foothills which rise on the average of about 1000 ft. above the level of the river. There are numerous tributaries, all of which are dry which are broadly interrupted about the hills. The soil throughout the entire area is disorganized, granite or derivatives of such mixed with the humus of oaks. The numerous granite rock outcrops which one sees in the northern and central foothill area are not a prominent feature of the topography. There are however some granite outcrops which are in direct well worn. The first green grass is still standing and the new grass is about 3 inches in height. This afternoon I set 15 grapher traps (24 sets) along the flanks of the dry river. Bystanders appear to be numerous. There was rain and fog this afternoon amounting to about

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Wm B. Richardson 1934 General Account # kind of persepent. This made for unpleasant tramping. While gathering wood for the fire I discovered 8 or more slender salamanders. They seem to congregate in small groups 3-5 under rotten logs. Jan. 5 From the 25 gopher traps I took 13 animals. I reset the traps with the same general vicinity (100-500 yd flat east of camp) this morning and went back to Portwill (home). Elmer C. Aldrich aided me in skinning the gophers at home and then we both went back to White River to join Don Trapp. Aldrich plans on staying with me for the remainder of the trip. Jan 6. From the 25 traps set yesterday I took 9 gophers. This morning I set 45 more traps and 24 set traps along the river along the White River. This afternoon Donald Trappe, Elmer Aldrich and I reset the 24 gopher traps east about 1/2 her about 4 mi. The only mammal seen today was a & deer about 6 mi E & E of White River. It was feeding on the grassy hill side.

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General Account. in an open oak thicket. It did not seem alarmed at the ca we was in this evening and yesterday evening just after the sun had set the voices of several coyotes were heard on the hills to the south and east of camp. This vocal course lasted for only about 15 minutes. The weather today has been predominantly sunny but during the late morning clouds drifted in but they soon faded out. Jan 7 From the mouse traps I took 11 Peromyscus truei. The rat traps were untouched. From the 24 gopher traps set up near Rocky Creek we took 15 gophers. The weather was clear and cold this morning, just on the ground, but warmed up when the sun came out. From mid-afternoon on the sky was overcast with heavy clouds. This evening after dusk we heard on the hill north of camp a peculiar sound. It resembled the call of a tom cat but was higher pitched and coarser and more broken at the end.

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W.B. Richardson 1936 General Account 15 We concluded that this noise was made by a bob-cat. I saw the track of a deer and a coyote 400 yd west of camp this morning. Jan 8 This morning I started out early for a hunt on the ridge to south of camp. This ridge runs almost east and west about a 1000 ft higher than camp. Near the top of the ridge there is a horizontal granite rock out crop. The vegetation of this hill slope consists of Quercus mexican, Buckeye, Pison oak, and Ceanothus cuneatus. These trees are not closely spaced but rather open leaving room for an glass cover. Near the top of the hill I saw what was apparently a Brush rabbit. It had been feeding about the edge of a ceanothus patch but made a dart for cover as soon as it saw me. Several Microtus mn ways were seen in the tall dry grass near a brushy area. The only other mammals seen on the hunt was 1 Intermediate lump-mound bat which was taken from an abandoned mine.

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J.W.B. Ricksdon 1936 16 General Account From the 24 traps I took 6 Peromyscus truei. This evening at 4:45, we heard the voice of the first coyote. The weather today - Clear this morning, cloudy at noon and a small rain about 3:00 with with continued clouds. Jan.9 From the more traps I took 2 Peromyscus truei. This morning I went with Donald Tapper over the steel trap lines (35 traps). His sets were made generally in or near the canyon covering a distance of from 3 to 4 miles. They were excellent sets, the only objection being that the traps was placed on too low at the left. From these steel traps this morning we took 1 Brown Squirrel and 1 Gray Fox. This afternoon C.I. Oldrick and I set the 24 gopher traps along Whit River about ½ mile below the Whit River store. They are set in sandy soil along the creek bed. The weather has been unsettled today. Cloudy this

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Wm B. Richardson 1934 77 General Account morning until about 16:00 when it began raining. The rain continued sporadically throughout the day. There was also some rain last evening and early this morning. In all there has been about 1/2 an inch of rain. Jan 10 From the traps I took, this morning, 3 Peromyscus truei and 1 Peromyscus californicus At noon today the three of us hiked up to the min that I found several days ago to look for Bats. We found 2 Intermediate Jump-nosed Bats in one of the min shafts. The afternoon we went up to Posey Cr. to take pictures and to collect soil samples. Later we went to White River to get gas for the car and water for camp. I enquired as to the locality of the Eclipse mine and was told that it was 1 1/2 mil. air line West of White River. We collected our traps that Aldrich and I set out 1/2 mil. below White River yesterday. Took 11 gophers from the traps. The rain continued throughout

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General Account. the night and continued intermittently until about noon when it cleared. We hope to have clear weather from now on. Jan.11 I collected th traps this morning. Caught 3 Peromyscus truei. Broke camp and left for Portwill arriving then at 1:00. There was no rain last night but the morning at about 8:00 a hard rain came which lasted until we left for home. I would estimate that this was over a half inch of rain during the time that we were about Whit River the morning. I collected soil samples from the gopher workings about camp. Jan. 13 Canyon Gy zmi E & Orosie zeptis Tulare Co, Calif. Yesterday afternoon we left our home near Portwill to trap in the northern portion of the county. Elms Aldrich is the only one to accompany me. We made camp last yesterday evening in a deserted cabin on the Desie Ranch of M. Vanderlip. This morning I set about 90 mouse traps and 5 rat traps on the hill north of camp. This afternoon I set 22 gopher traps east of camp along the open dry creek.

Wm B. Richardson 1934 General Account this evening we set about 20 rat traps and 3 steel traps about th cabin and barn. We have hopes of catching wood rats and skunk. Favot area - Sierra foothill. top-ogr - The hills abut here as Upper Sonoran but th little valley through which Canyon G. flows is Lower Sonoran. Habitation with Charact of th land - Numrous abrupt hills which rise from 500-1500 ft. above the level of th canyon. The hills are thinly covered with Blue oak, Wreckeri Oak and Poison Oak. There are large areas down of trees which are at the present time covered with th dead standing stalks of wild oats. There are numerous large and small granite rock out crops. These rock outcrops predominantly at the tops of the hills. The canyon through which th Canyon G. bro flows is broad flat of a sandy nature. It is thinly vegetated with tolesto Oaks and along th river are Willow and Fremont Cottonwoods. Th entire area here is used for cattle grazing but th grass

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Wm B. Tidder 1936 General Account. does not seem over grazed. The low lands have, however, suffered more from grazing than the hill slopes Today in talking with a farm who has spent most of his life in this county said that there were lots of Coyotes, Coons, Bob-cats, and 2 kinds of Skunks. I have, however noticed very few signs of any carnavores out about the place. Perhaps this is due to Poison being put out. I have noticed signs about the premises stating that the U.S. Biological Survey have put out poisoned bait. We have however found Coyote bark twice, once at noon (sky overcast) and once the evening. The weather was clear this morning but this afternoon it clouded up and we had a brief shower. As I have been nothing for nightly a pack rat has been working inbetween the old wooden roof and a late tin roof. We see him dragging sticks out about, running about or gnawing on something. This animal seems to be active most of the time. I saw him once near the ridge,

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W.B. Richardson 1934 General Account pole reach out and pick up a small objet in its mouth. Then backs up for about circle, turn and go head first down the into roof area towards the nest to has constructed in the lower portion of the into roof region. Jan 14 From the traps - 42 Peromyscus twici, 2 Peromyscus maniculatus, 1 Mus musculus. From the 7 rat traps set about the barn in the baled hay - 4 Peromyscus maniculatus. From the 22 gopher traps we took 15 gophers. We went hunting this morning east of camp up Canyon Gr, and procured 5 Cattle Geckes. A coyote was heard again this evening at about 4:15 howling on the hills west of camp (Stokes Mts). The wood-rat is still running around on the roof or into roof area this evening. Jan. 15 From the traps this morning I took 25 Peromyscus maniculatus. 2 Peromyscus twici 2 Perognathus and 1 Mus musculus. I spent the entire day skinning. This evening the wood rat was heard again. We have been unable to catch

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J.W. B. Richardson 1936 General Account. him although we have put many traps and all sorts of bait. Jan 16 From the traps this morning I took 2 Reithrodontomys, 19 Peromyscus maniculatus, 5 Peromyscus truei. Spent the entire day at Sequoia National Park sleeping. Had an interesting talk with Mr. Carl Bowman at his home at Pineslaw, Sequoia National Park. He walks 8 miles of flum each day to clean it of trees and water for lakes. He said that he averaged 3-5 animal per day and among those captured were Brush Rabbit, Rat, Mouse, Bob-cats, Deer, Fox. They use deer bridges along the flum as well as pipes across the stream to permit the deer to cross, or in case they got in to get out. He said with this facility the young deer often drown. He showed me on his back ground a long tailed Cat which had come out of his attic to feed on dried rats. that he had placed out for them, and stated that they had raised a family of 4 young in the attic.

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B.M.B. Richardson 1936 General Account 23 heard the bark of a fox in his back yard. This fox has also become quite tame allowing them to feed it from their hand or to sit in their lap. I saw several Cottontail Rabbits near camp this evening as we drove up. Jan 17. My catch this morning consisted of 17 Peromyscus maniculatus, and 1 Peromyscus truei. We collected our stages packed up and returned to Porterville. Two miles south of Wood Lake we found a Great Horned Owl hanging in an Oagg Orange hedge. We brought the animal home & skin and found 1 no 2 shot in the wing muscle. The stomach contained only 1 fernweber Cricket. There were numerous Hypoderid flies on the animal. Jan 18 + mi E S E Porterville 550 ft Tulare Co. Calif This morning early we went to Shafter Run Co. to interview Mr. F. F. Latta for recommended that I see Mr. Akers of Squaw Valley (See his report be published in the Fresno Bee).

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24 B. Richardson 1936 General Account Jan.19 This morning Latta, Elma Aldrich and I drove some 75 miles northward to Fresno Co. Squaw Valley Fresno Co. This trip had been advised by Mr. Latta yesterday in order that we might interview Mr. Henry F. Neva, who lives then with his daughter Mrs. H. Burk. He is a man 97 years of age, very deaf as well as partially blind. To put our questions across it was necessary for his granddaughter to point them in his ear. The following are notes taken from the answers to questions we submitted: Animals on the Kaweah (Visalia) Antelope Wild Horses Tracks of Grizzly Bear He never saw one. Grizzly bear (Club foot) at the head of Tulare Lake. Brown bear man lake in Deer in dark. He saw the den and where the fun had been killed by another party. Elk in the Tulare - delta & Visalia. Animals about Tulare Lake. Elk

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General Account Antelopes Deer (few) Coyotes West + south of Tular Lake lots of elk Good many prairies in the Ranch. At west end of Tular Lake was Summit Lake. Otter + Beaver found there. Beavers on Kaweah Dog caught a few. Saw a few. Many dens in the bank. Dams across the gulch Cut two sin through. The grizzly bears every meat company along the west side of the lake and in the Coast Range. Brown bear on edge of lake. Jan 20 Returning to school (Chris. of Calif.)

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Wm B. Richardson Received, 1935. 11621 AUTOMOBILE ROAD MAP OF TULARE COUNTY CALIFORNIA Map of localities from December 19, 1935 to January 20, 1936. W.B.R. GOOD ROADS PREPARED BY THE ROUTE AND MAP SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF THE Automobile Club of Southern California 2601 SOUTH FIGUEROA STREET LOS ANGELES, CALIF. Copyrighted by the Automobile Club of Southern California

N MAP SERVICE OF THE AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 2601 SO. FIGUEROA ST. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. GENERAL GRANT NATIONAL PARK EL. 6600 TO FRESNO AND NORTHERN POINTS. TO FRESNO TO HUME WILSONIA CAMP WESTON MEADOW BIG MEADOW BUCK ROCK RANGERS LOOKOUT STA. EL. 8502 PINEHURST MIRAMONTE HARTLAND CAMP CORTNER'S MILL BADGER ESHOM VALLEY DRUM VALLEY TO REEDLEY ORANGE COVE TREEDELY DAUM VALLEY MT SILLMAN 9305 MUJ GROVE BIG TREES TABLE MEADOWS LONG MEADOW SEQUOIA BIG TREES COYOTE MILL CRYSTAL CAVE CUSH PINE CAMP GROUND GIANT FOREST EL. 7100 TO SANGER KINGSBURG EL. 295 DINUBA EL. 340 SULTANA Tokay Emyria CUTLER El. 361 MONSON Lovell SEVERAL CREEK STONES MTN REDWOOD MEADOW SEQUOIA NATIONAL GAME REFUGE ASH MOUNTAIN PARK HEADQUARTERS PRECINCT STATION CAMP POTWISHA EL. 7000 HOSPITAL ROCK AT WELL GROVE PARADISE CAVE OPOLO LAKE CHECKING STATION KAWES OAK GROVE THREE RIVERS TERMINUS BEACH LEMONCOVE LINDCOVE WOODLAKE Naranjo Redbanks Venice Hill IVANHOE PERAL Taurusa Cottonwood SO. SOUTHERN STATE GOSHEN JUNCTION TO HANFORD 105 US 99 VISALIA EL. 352 BRANCH OFFICE AUTO CLUB SO. CAL. TULARE COUNTY PARK (MOONEY GROVE) DEEBOO HIGBY FARMERSVILLE ORANGEHURST EXETER GREY ROCKS POTATO HILL YOKOH VALLEY BALCH PARK EL. 6250 CAMP WISHON EL. 4300 GARFIELD GROVE BIG TREES HOCKEY MEADOWS CLOUD CAVE MAXON RD ROCKETT TO GARDENBY

TO HUME F R E S N O C O. WILSONIA CAMP WESTON BIG MEADOW BLACK ROCK - RANGERS LOOKOUT STA. EL. 8502 WHITPACERS SIERRA NEVADA 86 MILL HARTLAND CAMP CORTNERS MILL Mt SILLIMAN LAGO TWIN PKS. 10300' LONG MEADOW MT WHITNEY SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK MUIR GROVE BIG TREES SEQUOIA TABLE MEADOWS CRICKET CREEK BIG TREES CRYSTAL CAVE COLONY MILL LARGE TREE IN WORLD) GIANT FOREST 2400 FT. STAIRWAY MOG ROCK HOSPITAL ROCK CAMP POTWISHA EL 1700 ASH MOUNTAIN PARK HEADQUARTERS CHECKING STATION AT WELL GROVE AT WELLS MILL ORIOLE LAKE Kaweah Hammond Oak Grove CHECKING STATION THREE RIVERS EL. 860 TWIN RIVER RIDGE POLE CAMP GROUNDS ALT A PK 11211 TRIPLE DIVIDE PK. 10537' NINE LAKE BASIN 13752 KAWEAK PEAKS KAMEAN BASIN JUNCTION MEADOW EL. 14,502 CRAZTREE MEADOWS ROCK CR. WESTWARD CAVE SEQUOIA NATIONAL GAME REFUGE MINERAL KING SEQUOIA NATIONAL PARK FLORENCE PK. 10864 RATTLESNAKE CR. GARFIELD GROVE BIG TREES CLOUD CAVES NAXON ROCK HACKETT MEADOWS BALCH PARK EL. 6250' CAMP WILSON EL. 4300' Meadow Road AUTOMOBILE ROAD MAP OF TULARE CO. CALIFORNIA SCALE IN MILES COPYRIGHT BY THE AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Indicates locality where specimens were taken (Near each mark there is the locality as written on the specimen table). I N Y O N A T. LAUREL CR. CIRQUE PK. 10863 WHITNEY MEADOWS TRAIL PK. TEMPLETON MT. 12945' TEMPLETON MEADOWS REDROCK MEADOWS JORDAN HOT SPRS. BAREFOOT MONACHE MEADOWS OLANCHA PK. 12135 CASA VIEJA MEADOWS OBA MEADOWS ROAD ROUND MTN. 9544'

TO HANFORD GOSHEN JUNCTION VISALIA BRANCH OFFICE AUTO CLUB SO. CAL. EL. 732 5 AIRPORT 4 MI. 5 MI. PACKWOOD 1.5 MI. SOUTH TULARE COUNTY AIRPORT TO GUERNSEY TULARE BRANCH OFFICE AUTO CLUB SO. CAL. EL. 285' Paige AIRPORT Waukena Birch Ave Turnbull Belango HESSE 10.5 ANGIOLA Spa Stoil ALPAUGH TO CORCORAN 3.6 MI. SANTA FE TO LOST HILLS US 99 PIXLEY FL 268' Quail Earlimart ALLENWORTH Radnor 7 MI. TO BAKERSFIELD & LOS ANGELES CUTLER PARK Copan Giant Oak FARMERSVILLE TULARE COUNTY PARK (WOODEN GROVE) DEEPEO ORANGEBURG ST MI. 4.3 Exeter Higby Elm Rd Lindcove 2.4 MI. Potato Hills Merryman SOUTH PACIFIC RAILROAD 1 MI. 2 MI. 5.6 MI. Tulare Rock FL 380 LINDSAY ROUND VALLEY STRATHMORE FRAZIER VALLEY LEWIS Zanter Duncan POPLAR AVE. 3 MI. PORTERVILLE BRANCH OFFICE AUTO CLUB SO. CAL. EL. 460' FLANO AIRPORT Sunland Magnolia Deer Creek Heights TERRA BELLA DUCOR EL 1552' Orris Sub-Station Edwards Vestal Richgrove TO WOODY PARK ROCKETT MEADOWS GARFIELD GROVE BIG TREES BALCH PARK EL. 6230' CAMP WISHON EL. 4300' COFFEE CAMP CONTROL STA SPRINGVILLE MIDDLE FORK CAMP NELSON TULE RIVER INDIAN RESERVATION Deer Cr, Am SE Porterville good White River JACKS RANCH TO GLENNVILLE & BAKERSFIELD CALIFORNIA HOT SPRINGS PINE FLAT F

CLOUGH CAVE GARFIELD GROVE BIG TREES KOHL VALLEY TULE RIVER INDIAN RESERVATION FRAZIER VALLEY SPRINGVILLE BALCH PARK CAMP MILO CAMP WISHON COFFEE CAMP CONTROL STA. MIL. 3 PROPOSED ROAD CAMP NELSON LLOYD MEADOWS THE NEEDLES TULE RIVER BARTLETT COUNTRY CLUB AGENCY DEER CREEK HEIGHTS Fairview DURWOOD CALIFORNIA HOT SPRINGS PINE FLAT WHITE RIVER JACK'S RANCH TO WOODY TO GLENVILLE & BAKERSFIELD TO KERNVILLE & BAKERFIELD NATURAL FOREST RESERVE TEMPLETON MEADOWS HEDROCK MEADOWS JORDAN HOT SPRINGS CAVAJEJA MEADOWS MONACHE MEADOWS BEACH MEADOWS SMITH MEADOWS TROY MEADOWS DURWOOD MEADOW ROUND MEADOW HORSEMEADOW BIG MEADOW MANZER MEADOW CHURCH DOME 6290 CANNELL MEADOW RATTLESNAKE MEADOW ROCKHOUSE BASIN BIG PINE MEADOW KENNEDY MEADOWS DOME LAND GIRRETTA PK. LOCKOUT MT 3625 CORRAL MEADOW BONITA MEADOWS LOMA MEADOWS BALD MT 3430 PINE MT 8312 SACATAR CANYON 3944 ROUND MTN. TOOWA O LANCHA PK. 12135 COTTONWOOD MEADOWS ROCKETT PK. 3670 NINE MILE ROAD SESS COAS PK DEEP MT 3130 CASTLE ROCK 7780 SCARWOOD CAMP DURWOOD INTAKE BALMON CA BALMONT CA CLOUGH CAVE TOOWA FERN LAKE COYOTE PK. SHEEP MT 10237 PARK

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934 General Account 27 Jan 23 Berkeley, Alameda Co. California The gophers (Thomys town) that were taken during the period from Dec. 19, 1935 to Jan 20 1936 are to be turned over to the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology for permanent storage in this collection. There are 99 skins and skulls, 82 taken by Wm B. Richardson, 13 by Clmr C Aldrich, and 4 by Donald D. Tappi. There are 3 skulls only no. 1302, 1303, 1343. For a record of the birds see the note of Clmr C. Aldrich. Feb. 20 I received these clippings from Portwill. They appear in the Portwill Evening Records. I wrote a letter to W. Fogg hoping that I would receive some skulls from him. clippings a next page.

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1934 General Account 28 Trap 12 Coyotes At Springville Ranch Twelve coyotes have been caught, seven more sprung traps and got away, and three carried traps with them, on the J. W. Hoag place at Springville, with- in the past two weeks, Hoag, who was in Porterville yester- day, said. In addition, four lynx cats have been caught on the ranch, Hoag said. A state trapper is now oper- at ing in the Springville district, in answer to recently voiced de- mands of ranchers who have been losing poultry, calves and pigs in large numbers. Delega- tions from Springville have call- ed the attention to the county board of supervisors and the Associated Chambers of Com- merce Council to the situation in the foothill district, where predatory animals were said to be making the raising of domes- tic animals unprofitable. Coyote depredations are causing great loss among foothill poultry rainsers. In some local poultry yards, a large coyote seems to be making a steady round of visits, ap- pearing first during the early morn- ing hours but, becoming more em- boldened, extends his visits to later hours of the day. Geese and ducks are being attacked boldly and to such an extent that the extra pre- caution of driving them into shelter with the chickens is being taken. Several shots have been taken at this particular coyote and numerous traps have been set for it, but he is evidently a wary and thus far has escaped unharmed. On the George Haigh ranch in the Milo district, a great deal of trap- ping of wild animal pests is being done very successfully and large numbers of skins are to be seen, in | interesting display.

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Wm B. Richardson 1936 29 General Account March 18 Chipping taken from the Daily Californian D.H. Jonson is a graduate student of the University of California working for his master's degree on Chipmunks (seng). Scientists Strive to Save Rodents Rare Red Tree Mice Put on Milk Diet High Death Rate Caused by Fast The Daily Californian March 18, 1936. Every effort to keep alive the last tree of 14 red tree mice was being made today by University scientists in the Museum for Vertebrate Zoology. The mice, brought to the campus two weeks ago from the Russian river, have gradually been dying off until only a few are left. Accord- ing to D. H. Johnson, technical assistant, restriction in captivity and incomplete diet have probably caused the high death rate. Found only in a humid coastal belt between the Russian river and the Columbia river, the mice are probably the only species in the world living in trees and having red fur. The attempt to raise the rodents is incidental to the real purpose of their capture, which was to obtain the rare mammal as museum speci- mens. As far as the scientist could learn, the rodents' only food is Douglas fir tree needles. The one remaining youngster of the mama and papa mice has finally learned to drink milk after many days of drought he suffered because of his youthful ignorance. April 11 4 mi SE Porterville, 550 Tulare Co. Calif. Caught 7 bats last night from under the eaves of our house. These bats seem to meet here during the late evening after feeding for they are never found there during the day time. Of the three types

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1936 General Account taken Antiquae prefared to hang from the wall grouped together, the Corynorhinus were also against the wall but were to be found singly, not in groups. The Mystic californica (one specimen) was found hanging directly from the eves 1" - 1½" away from the wall. April 30. ½ mi. & Elmer. Calif Stadium, Berkeley, Alameda Co. Calif. Set 15 mm traps last evening in a third grassy area just below the CCC camp. The grass consisted of wild oats, barley and lawn and other clumps of large thistle. Evidence was seen by the cuttings, dropping and grass runways. The cutting instructed me in that the grass was clipped usually between 3" and 4" inches from the ground which I assumed was about as

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1934 General Account high as the animal could reach. The stems of the cut grasses were cut into about 2 1/2 inch lengths and crudely piled in localized places along the run way. From the traps this morning I took 3 Microtus They were from those traps that were set about the perimeter of marshes.

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Wm B. Richardson 1934 32 General Account July 3 2am C Pigeon Flat Tulare Co Calif. Left home this morning east of Porterville at about 8:00 o'clock. Spent several hours in town having the car greased and My route from Porterville was south along the Golden State Highway to Orosi and thence east through Fountain Springs and California Hot Springs to Pigeon Flat. From Pigeon Flat I went north along the road back to C.H.S.s for about a 1/2 mile and then eastward along the first right hand road. I continued along this road for 3 miles, to th end and made camp at what is known as the old saw mill. Soil - Coarse gritty soil from decomposed granite. On the steeper, more eroded slopes it is quite coarse while on the gentler slopes or fills it is of a finer nature. The general dry color is a light buff brown but along the streams an about bogs it is much darker often approaching black which is due probably to the water and decaying organic matter. Vegetation Fir, Cedar, Red-

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Wm B. Richardson 1934 33 General Account woods, sugar pine, alders, dog wood, black oak, etc. All of these species mentioned can be found in goodly number. Life Zone — Transition. Slope — Slope well drained and hill. This afternoon I went hunting about camp. The primary object of the hunt was to gain a small idea of what this area was like. During this hunt I shot 2 flying squirrels and one chipmunk. Fresh tracks of deer were seen. This evening I set 15 mouse traps along the stream, 10 rat traps about the base of long pine or sugar pines, and 12 gopher traps. July 4 From the traps this morning I took 2 Microtus mordax, 4 Peromyscus maniculatus, and 1 Thomomys bottae. Start the morning skinning. This afternoon my folks came up and Hilton and I took a hunt southward southward up on to the ridge and then along the ridge toward Frog meadow.

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Wm B. Richardson 1936 General Account Enroute I shot 1 Cithlas leecheyii, and 1 Gutamias miniaris. The entire distance covered was not over three miles and is about the same type of country as that found about camp. Our and her tracks were seen along the trail. Of interest to me was a California Condor which glided westward along the ridge, not more than 200 ft. over our heads. Its wings were held motionless except for the slight leaning due to the changing air currents. Its head was rotated from side to side in a leisurely fashion as if the bird was looking for something. I took 1 ground squirrel from the grass as I went over the fog line reloading and setting. I forgot to mention that last evening last shooting netted me four Mystes and 1 Tupastellus leperus. July 5 All of the traps were empty this morning. Last evenings lat

W.M.B. Richardson 1930 35 General Account shooting neatly, 1 Spermophilus beecheyi. I broke camp this morning and returned to Hot Springs. From Hot Springs I struck my camp route 7 mi. east and then taking the first left hand road. This road was in general north and slightly east towards Double Bunk Meadows. At Parker Pass I took the first left hand road and followed it for 1/2 mi. to Park Creek at the east side of Parker Meadow. Here I made camp after traveling about 11 miles from California Hot Springs. This evening I set 15 gopher traps, 115 mouse traps, and 10 rat traps. July 4 Parker Meadow 6400 ft. Tulare Co. Calif. My catch this morning consisted of 1 Entomias quadrivittatus 2 Scapanus latimans Sorex ? 1 Sorex palustris 1 Reithrodontomys megalotis, 5 Peromyscus maniculatus, 6 Thomomys bottae, 1 Microtus californicus, 14 Microtus californicus mordax. While going about the traps I shot 2 Sciurus douglasii. This evening while going over the traps for baiting and resetting I found 7 Microtus mordax and 3 Thomomys bottae.

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B. Richardson 1936 36 General Account July 7 This morning my catch included 2 Microtus mordax, 6- Peromyscus maniculatus, 1 Scaptonyx latimanus, 2 Thomomys bottae I took in 50 of the same traps and reset all of the gophin traps. At noon I found 3 Thomomys bottae in the traps. Only the gophin traps were attended to at midday. This evening my catch consisted of 1 Citellus beecheyi, 4 Thomomys bottae, 6 Microtus mordax, and 1 Callospermophilus trispecies. July 8 Took in all of the remaining traps. Catch consisted of 3 Thomomys bottae, and 5 Microtus mordax. Parker Meadow covers about 40 acres and has an irregular boundary line of about 1½ miles. Through the meadow a small stream runs, (Parker Creek) in some areas it is well interwoven and rapid flowing while in other places it is sluggish and spongy seeps through the meadow grass. The meadow grass is thick and coarse especially in the moist areas and grows to a height ranging from 8" to 14" inches. The condition of the grass is due in the main to the fact that Parker Meadow is a public pasture

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Wm B. Richardson 1936 General Account and thus fixed against cattle grazing. The vegetation on the western side of the meadow is principally fir with a few yellow pine scattered through. The eastern portion of the meadow is composed mainly of dry-pine pines. I have considered this the Canadian life-zone although it is close to the Transition. and I should properly consider it lower Canadian. Yesterday evening I saw two elk deer feeding at the edge of the meadow. This as the only evidence of other animals in this area that I have not collected. Late this afternoon I packed and drove to Long Meadow 5.4 mi. north- east of Parker Meadow, by road. The Canadian life-zone appears to be only a small strip about 2 mi wide at the point where I crossed. It evidently follows the crest south from the great western divide. Long Meadow is just one, a little longer, of a number of meadows that are to be found along the streams of this area. This area is typically Transition life-zone with its yellow pine timber. Mixed in this yellow pine forest are a number of cedar, a few

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Wm B Richardson 1936 38 General Account Fir and a few Sugar Pine Th meadow is much the same as that of Park Meadow with its thick grass in th finest in areas. July 9 Long Meadow, Tulare Co. Calif I set out th 15 gopher traps about th edge of th meadow this morning and also the 10 rat traps which were set in the timber above the meadow. My catch after attending to the traps about five time today consisted of 9 Thoremycottus for of which was young. July 10 My catch this morning from th 15 gopher traps, 10 rat traps and 75 mouse traps consisted of 1 Thoremycotta, 1 Sorex californicus, 4 Peromyscus maniculatus, and 10 Microtus mordax. This evening my catch was 9 Thoremycotta 7 Phorotus mordax, 1 Eutamias quadrivittatus. This evening about 5 o'clock it began to rain. This lasted for about 1 1/2 hours and then cleared up. July 11 My morning catch consisted of 10 Microtus mordax, and 1 Peromyscus maniculatus.

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Gen'l Account Signs of other animals about the other than we traced on Bear - Fresh tracks seen along trail early this morning. Deer - Tracks seen. Coyote - One individual heard barking last evening. Chickens - A number seen. This morning I broke camp and returned to Porterville. Along the route here I got 1 Gray Squirrels, 2 Ground Squirrels and 1 Chipmunk. All of these were taken along the road between Long Meadow and Calip. Hot Springs. July 14 ½ mi. S Mineral King 7850 ft Tulare Co. Calif. Left Porterville at 7:00 this morning and arrived in Mineral King by 10:00. My mother and father accompanied me on this trip. Mineral King is an old mining camp situated along the East Fork of the Kaweah River. The peaks arise rather abruptly from the stream bottom leaving a rather narrow stream (from 50 to 30 yd. wide). Vegetation - Along this stream there was a thick growth of willow with an under growth.

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Wm B. Richardson 1936 General Account of grass and herbaceous plants. Toward the outer edge of the stream bottom the willows grow in thickets with inter- vening grass or meadow land. About the meadow there is an open coniferous forest which is made up principally of Lodgepole Pine. The open area in this forest is given over to a rather dense brushy growth of Chinkapin, Bay Laurel, Ceanothus, etc. Rising above the zone of vegetation is the barren slopes of the Great Western Divide. Soil - A coarse silty soil with many fragments of shale and slate and other fragment material. Fifteen graph traps and 100 mouse traps were set this evening July 15 My catch consisted of 4 Thomomys bottae, 2 Zapus pacificus, 1 Sorex, 17 Peromyscus maniculatus, 21 Microtus mordax. Skinned all day. Evening catch - 64 Microtus mordax, July 16 Catch consisted of 3 Thomomys 2 Zapus pacificus, 23 Peromyscus 6 Microtus mordax

E.W. B. Richardson 1936 41 General Account Skinned all day. Evening catch: 4 Marmota arizonensis, 2 Thomomys talus, + 3 Microtus montanus Set out 4 small steel sets about the burrows of marmots. July 17 My catch consisted of 3 Marmota arizonensis, 2 Marmota flaviventris, 1 Thomomys talus, 1 Peromyscus maniculatus(?) and 6 Microtus montanus(?). This morning I hiked about 13 mi. (round trip) over Fairwell Gap nearly to the Brady Cabin. On the south side of the gap I shot, 1 Ochotona coleocephala, 1 Eutamias alpinus, 1 Eutamias quadrivittatus, and 3 Callospermophilus lateralis. Broke camp and returned to Portersville this afternoon. Marmots seen but not collected --- Deer seen in meadow near camp; their tracks are numerous. Chickaree - One young seen 1/2 mi south of camp along the Fairwell gap trail. July 19 Big Meadow, 7660 ft. Tulare Co., Calif. Left Portersville this morning at 8:00, accompanied by Donald J. Tappi and arrived at Big Meadow by 12:30.

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Wm.B. Richardson 1936 42 General Account Big Meadow is located between the Sequoia and General Grant National Parks. It is accessible by auto being about 10 mi. from the northern Sequoia N.P. checking station (7 mi. WSW along main highway and 3 mi. on road turning to the right). Mr. Brown the ranger at Big Meadow conducted me to the campsite some 200 yds south west of the ranger station. The country might best be described as a low rolling granite area. Thin are no angular granite talus slopes are found about the General Grant but rather thin are slab sloped rocks which have pealed off of the granite down. Vegetation - Principally lodge- pole pine About the meadow and stream thin is a pure stand of this conifer, while on the gentler slopes above camp thin is a mixed forest of lodge pole pine, Yellow pine, Red Fir and White pine. Soil - Coarse light reddish brown sandy loam. The darker colored soil being found about the meadow. Thin parent

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Wm B. Richardson 1936 43 General Account mouth about her is a light color grayish. This evening we get 10. mouse traps and shot 15 gophers there. Gophers working are very difficult to find. July 20 My catch this morning consisted of 4 Thomomya lottae, 3 Sorex, 8 Microtus montanus, 35 Peromyscus maniculatus. Shot 1 Callospermophilus crysaorinus and 1 Marmota flaviventris. Evening catch - 2 Thomomya lottae, 2 Callospermophilus crysaorinus, 3 Microtus, 1 Peromyscus. Shot 2 Squirrels Sciurus douglasii. July 21 Catch of - 1 Sorex, 1 Eutamias quadrimaculatus, 1 Microtus mordax, 1 Thomomya lottae, 8 Peromyscus maniculatus. Shot 1 Marmota flaviventris. This morning we took a trip to a small lake south and east of Pison Meadow. On a small slope south of the lake a number of Cories were seen but none were shot. A Sciurus douglasii and Eutamias quadrimaculatus were shot near Pison Meadow. Evening catch - 1 Sorex, 1 Callospermophilus crysaorinus

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B. Richardson 1936 44 General Account # Microtus mordax, # Eutamias quadriwittatus : 2 Thomomys bottae. Shot 1 Spermophilus douglasii and 1 Marmota flaviventris. July 22 Today catch - 1 Thomomys bottae, 10 Peromyscus maniculatus, 1 Microtus mordax and 1 Scapanus latimanus. Shot 1 Spermophilus townsendii. Sign of other animals about the locality other than were collected are Deer tracks, Coyt tracks, Coonie hay pile (Mrs F. Morden), Pomypsin gnawings and dung. Broke camp this morning and retraced our steps west through Sequoia National Park Stock to Statfmas. Here we took the highway east through Fraser Valley and Spring- ville to Nelson. ¾ mi. west of Nelson we took the western right hand road ¼ mi past Godno camp to what is locally known as Iowa Camp The general character of the country and the vegetation here is much the same as that about my first

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25th R. Richardson 1936 45 General Account Wilson C. 3½ mi S W Wilson 5600 ft Tulare Co., Cal. camp 2 mi. East of Pine Flat. Here there is a marshy meadow on sierra in which there is a rank growth of grass and herbs. On the upper portion of the meadow there are several thickets of Coast Redwood. The coniferous trees consist of Sugar pine, Redwood White fir, Yellow Pine and Cedar. Other trees and shrubs that I recognized were California Oak, Ceanothus cuneatus, and Margarita. Wilson Creek is a very small stream which originates in the sierra near camp. The soil is a dark well weathered granitic type. This evening 10 + mouse traps were set along the sierra and return and 4 Gopher sets made. Gophers working on very scarce. July 23 My catch consisted of 1 Peromyscus californicus, 2 Microtus mordax, 1 Peromyscus maniculatus. I set out 90 mouse traps and 5 Gopher sets. 3 gopher sets July 24 The catch - 1 Sorex 1 Neithrodontomy mygaloides

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Wm B. Richardson 1936 46 General Account 9 Microtus mordax. Shot 1 Calliopeomophilus chrysochloris. 1 Citellus leecheyii + Eutamias quadivittatus. Trapped 2 Thomomy bottae. July 25 Catch - 1 Microtus mordax. Shot 1 Sciurus douglasii. Other animals in this area are Deer - seen by Don Sapp (2 fawns) Bud Creek the trapper and hunter in this area said there are Gray Fox, Frinks, Bear, Mt. Lion Coyot, Bob- Cats and Skunks about her. Brodi camp this morning and returned to Porterville.. July 31 Camp Radford San Bernardino C.Cal. For the past 5 days (July 27-31) the 4 H Club has held a small camp here. I have been in charge of the nature study work which has included the arrangement of an exhibit of birds, mammals, flowers, trees, animals and reptiles and the conducting of hikes. Aside from my scheduled work I stayed with

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Wm B. Richardson 1936 General Account special emphasis being given to graphs and bird animals for exhibit. Aug. 10 2 mi NW Kennedy Meadow South Fork Kern River, Tulare Co., Calif. Left home this morning about 8:00 o'clock. Purchased a few supplies in Porterville. Oh! I almost forget to not that my sister Julia is with m. From Portville we started in a general south east direction, caving eastward over the Green Horn, and Walker Pass, then north to Linnie and north west into Kennedy meadow. It is about 50 miles from Linnie, a gas station on th highway to our camp at th end of th road. The country about has us being mountain arid. The mountains about has an unimpressive in size giving one th idea that they are old and eroded as compared to th young, perceptive peaks above th upper Kern River. The mountains appear from a short distance to piles of granite boulders between which are growing Pinyon Pines and a few Junipers. The mountains are well wooded with the Pine and Juniper

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Wm B. Richardson 1936 48 General Account while the valley region is given to sage bush, and and and another unknown bush having a compound flower. Along the river there are a few yellow pines, a few willow (and a border of green grass. The grass has been well grazed down by the cattle. The river is not large about 15-10 ft wide and not over 2 ft. deep. At present the water is quite muddy due to a cloud burst yesterday. The soil here is a coarse orangish tan gravel. It is of granite origin which had a predominance of feldspar. Last evening I set 100 mouse traps, 5 rat traps, 13 gopher traps and 1 mink trap. Aug. 11 My catch this morning consisted of 7 Thomomys bottae, 1 Neotoma fuscipes, about 30 Peromyscus maniculatus. This afternoon I caught 3 more gophers. Three more gophers this evening. Aug 12 Catch - 6 Peromyscus maniculatus, 2 Dipodomys, 2 Reithrodontomys, 6 Thomomys bottae. Noon - 4 Thomomys bottae. Evening + Thomomys bottae

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Wm. B. Richardson 1936 49 General Account Aug 13 Catch - 7 Thomomys bottae + Peromyscus maniculatus 11 Dipeodomys Soon after noon we broke camp retracing our route back to Clemans and then following the road to the west which brought me into a more southern part of the South Fork of the Kern River. The conditions here are nearly identical with those of the place just left. Their are the precipitation under rocky hills vegetated with Pinons and a few Yellow Pines and the broad, comparatively flat valley westward from Kennedy meadow. The soil of this valley is of a light colored, coarse decomposed granite type on which I grew brush fuel, sage and the unknown (to me) types. This evening I set out about 400 mouse traps, 8 rat traps and 13 gopher traps. Aug 14 My catch this morning consisted of 11 Dipeodomys 15 Peromyscus maniculatus, 5 Perognathus, 3 Neotoma fuscipes

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Wm B. Richardson 1936 50 General Account 2 Eutamias quadrivittatus (skit) and 11 Thomomys bottae. This evening catch - 4 Thomomys bottae, and 1 Cistothus hecbyii Aug. 15 Today's catch - 8 Peromyscus maniculatus 5 Dipodomys, 3 Perognathus, 1 Neotoma fuscipes, 4 Thomomys bottae. This morn we broke camp and retraced our route back to Coleman (on Kennedy Rd.) and then then to within a half mile of the summit of Pine Mill Canyon. (Boundary of Jules & Jugs Co.). Here we took a small side road through a gat and then southwest for about 1/2 a mil to Chimny Meadow. Chimny Meadow to me seems incorrectly named in that it lacks the features which seemingly constitute a meadow. This is no stream or even a moist place in the meadow and there is none of the lush grass but rather there is at present only a green weed and I will called sedge which gives the meadow appearance.

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General Account This ill named meadow covers about 40 acres of land which constitutes the valley at the head of a small creek. At the lower end of the meadow where it breaks into a rocky gorge there is a spring which drains westward toward the South Fork of the Kern River. The soil about here as much the same as in the previous locality with the exception of their lighter color. The vegetation - Veg of meadow has already been mentioned. Bordering the meadow is a thick growth of this unknown composite bush (?) which gives way in the higher and drier sections to sage. On the highly slopes especially among where there is broken granite there are Pinon Pine forests through which can be found Sage brush patches. Pinyon and other (well scattered) thin or Sabin Pines. On the North facing slope of the small

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W.B. Richardson 1936 52 General Account mountain just to the south of the meadow are Yellow Pines, Live Oak and Manzanita. This north facing slope might be considered a part of Lower Transition life-zone in this area. Along the stream there is a heavy growth of willow. This evening I set about 100 mouse traps, 13 gopher traps and 8 rat traps. Aug. 16 Chimney Meadow, Tulare Co. Cal. The catch this morning included 5 Thomomys bottae, 1 Neotoma fuscipes, (4 Dipodomys), 15 Peromyscus maniculatus. Evening catch - 3 Thomomys bottae, 1 Entamias. Aug. 17 Catch - 1 Neotoma fuscipes, 1 Perognathus, 1 Canis (from 4 steel sets made yesterday), 2 Dipodomys, 8 Peromyscus maniculatus, 2 Thomomys bottae. Evening catch - Aug 18 Catch - 6 Thomomys bottae. 1 Neotoma fuscipes 3 Thomomys bottae, 1 Reithrodontomys, 1 Perognathus

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Wm.B. Richardson 1956 53 General Account 20 Peromyscus maniculatus Aug. 19 Catch - 3 Thomomys bottae, 1 Peromyscus californicus, 2 Dipodomys, and about 10 Peromyscus maniculatus. The morning we broke camp and returned to Fortwill.

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Road Map OF TULARE COUNTY CALIFORNIA 11622 Map of trips during June July , & Aug., 1936 NEW CAR FINANCE at 6% Flat on unpaid balance LOWEST RATE IN U.S.A. —one of the 40 services to which you are entitled, as a member of the Automobile Club of Southern California. Wise members are saving as much as $150.00 on the price of their new cars, by financing through their Club. BEFORE YOU SIGN your new car purchase contract, phone the Club office nearest you. A representative will call IMMEDIATELY, at your office, home or at your automobile dealer's, and explain fully the Club's finance plan. DON'T FAIL to use ALL your Club's facilities. Remember the Club offers you: INSURANCE AT COST. Members have saved more than $14,000,000.00 through their Club's Inter-Insurance Exchange, operating on a strictly non-profit basis.

Wm B. Richardson 1936 General Account 66 Tulare County—Created April 20, 1852. Commandante Fages, while hunting for deserters in 1773, dis- covered a great lake surrounded by marshes and filled with rushes, which he named Los Tules (the tules, Scir- pus Lacrustus). In 1813, Captain Moraga on his exploring expedition passed through the valley of this lake, and named it “Valle de los Tulares” (valley of the tules), from which this county took its name. Home of the great Sequoia and General Grant national parks and Mount Whitney, whose summit is the highest point in the United States, Tulare also is noted as one of the wealthiest farming counties in the nation. Approximately 100,000 acres are planted to deciduous fruits and grape vines. Kaweah, Tule and Kern rivers and Deer Creek furnish abun- dant water for irrigation and have been harnessed for generation of elec- tric power. The orange is Tulare’s outstand- ing crop with raisins, peaches, olives, prunes, figs, plums, apricots and wal- nuts in the order named. About 1,- 193,000 acres are given over to farm- ing, making Tulare rank sixth in the state. It is second in acreage irri- gated. Sequoia Park, or California Big trees, attracts thousands of tourists. It covers 604 square miles and has twelve beautiful groves of redwoods, among which is the Giant Forest of 3200 acres containing 500,000 stately trees, 5000 of which measure more than ten feet in diameter. The Gen- eral Sherman redwood is the larg- est living thing on earth, and next is the General Grant, a giant se- quoia in Fresno county, the oldest thing on earth. There is as much lumber in this tree as can be obtain- ed from 20 acres of average Califor- nia pine forest; enough to erect 40 five-room homes. A train of 30 cars would be required to transport the trunk alone. From the top of Mount Whitney an awe-inspiring panorama of moun- tain peaks, the Devil’s Amphithea- ter, redwood groves and Death Val- ley, 300 feet below sea level, is re- vealed. Allensworth, noted for its grain, alfalfa, cotton and vegetables; Cutler and Orosi, with their raisins, grapes, oranges and lemons; Dinuba, center of the Alta Irrigation district; Ex- eter, great agricultural district; Lindsay and Porterville in the orange belt; Springville, gateway to moun- tain resorts, and Tulare, great valley shipping point, all add to the wealth and fame of Tulare county. Visalia, the charming county seat, founded in 1853 by Nathaniel Vise, bear hunt- er, is noted for its attractive homes. Population: 77,442. Area: 4856 square miles. Portwill Evening Recorder Jan. 2, 1936.

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54 Wm.B. Richardson 1936 General Account Condor Post-mortem Lays Deaths to Violent Storm SANTA BARBARA, Oct. 25.—The mysterious deaths of two of a colony of three American condors in the Peach Tree Flat region of the Santa Barbara National Forest, was cleared today after a post-mortem conducted by Ornithologist Edgmont Z. Rett of the Museum of National History in Mission Canyon. The loss of two of the small remaining colony of the largest birds that fly over America, is definitely laid at the door of a hailstorm. The mountain tragedy was discovered by Sam Kosub, associate forester at Sunset Valley camp, when he was sent into the Peach Tree country with several C.C.C. boys to look for lightning fires. They came across the carcass of a horse and near by a dead condor, while a second bird lay some distance away. The third condor, apparently badly injured, flew away. Hail still lay piled in surrounding gullies to a depth of from two to three feet, some of the hailstones as large as walnuts. H. O. Robe of the United States Forestry Service and Capt R. E. Bidwell of the State Division of Fish and Game, sent a truck for the dead birds, meeting Kosub at Little Pine. Brought here the first bird post-mortem in local history was decided upon. The backs of both birds were broken. Foresters believe the condors came to feed on the carcass of the horse. When the storm broke they were perched in a tall pine tree, when the avalanche of hail came upon them suddenly and knocked them from their perch. Clipping From Peterwill Evening Record Oct 2, 1936

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From the Daily California Dec.4,1936. Student Makes Discoveries of New Species Oriental Beetles, Amphibians, Reptiles Uncovered by University Zoologist New species of Oriental beetles, reptiles and amphibians have been discovered by Linsley Gressitt 37, student in entomology and zoology, who made several trips to Formosa, Hainan island, Japan and China. He has collected over 250,000 in- sects, 15,000 plants, 1,500 reptiles and amphibians, besides fish, spiders, mammals and miscellaneous other animals. He is classifying the beetles, and the reptiles and amphibians, which are in his own collection. The beetles number over 100,000 speci- mens, and among them he is study- ing particularly the "long-horn beetles, of which he has named over one hundred new species. During his travels in the interior of Hainan, he climbed three of the highest mountains there where no white peo- ple had travelled before. SNAKES STUDIED "A new species of snake belonging to the garter snake group was dis- covered on Hainan island in the South China sea. It is not poisonous, and lives in the mountains. It is marked somewhat like a poisonous snake, and rattles its tail and spreads its head when disturbed. Another new species of another garter snake genus was caught in southeast China. It lives in mountain streams and probably feeds on frogs. A new species of green lizard living on trees and bushes was discovered in For- mosa. There are few salamanders in the tropics. A new species peculiar for the bright orange color on its under- side, was found in a mountain stream in Kwantung province in southeast China. It has smooth skin and a sword-like tail with fringes. Poi- sonous snakes, including several cob- ras, pit-vipers, kraits, and sea-snakes, were brought back from the Orient. Some of the pit-vipers are green and live in trees, being hard to notice be- cause of their protective coloration; others are terrestrial and some look very much like rattle-snakes, though they have no rattler. BEETLES CAUGHT Most of the beetles, reptiles and amphibians were caught by nets of different kinds. Others were bought from the natives. The reptiles and amphibians are kept in the Califor- nia Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, while most of the insects other than beetles have been sent to specialists at Harvard university, Cornell uni- versity, the British museum and other museums in Germany, Belgium, and Switzerland. "Snakes are classified according to the number and type of the rows of scales on the head and body, their teeth, and markings. Salamanders are differentiated by the texture of their skin, size of their eyes, length of their snout, legs and toes, and" their shape and color," Gressitt said. Snakes feed mostly on frogs, small mammals, fishes, or other snakes. Chief factors which contribute to the formation of different species are the geographical conditions including climate, habitat, food and the de- velopment of the animals, he de- clared.

W.B. Richardson 1933-1941 Journal 1937 Calif: Yosemite Field School Camp

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Wm B. Richardson 1932 56 General Account Jan. 30, 1937. Big-Horns In Sierra Still Number 2000 Porterville Evening Recorder SACRAMENTO, Jan. 30.—(INS)— Big-horned mountain sheep, wily and fleet rulers of mountain pinacles, have formed herds numbering more than 2,000 in California's high Sierras, statisticians and game ob- servers of the State Department of Natural Resources estimated today. Protected against hunters by law since 1883, when they were reported becoming extinct, number of the sheep has gradually increased to about 2,000 and held stationary at that point during the last decade, Captain E. H. Ober, who directed the survey for the Fish and Game Division believed. The big-horns, sure-footed and fleet, roam over the high Sierras be- tween Mt. Whitney and Death Val- ey, a country almost uninhabited by less hardy animals. They forage for food in crevasses between glaciers and band together for protection against their natural predatory en- emy, the Golden Eagle. Raids on sheep "nests", usually lo- cated amid crags inaccessible to men, by pairs of eagles, a few cas- ualties at the hands of illegal hunt- ers and scarcity of food will probably keep the number of sheep around the 2,000 mark, Ober believed, a le- gal hunting season would quickly reduce them to extinction, he declar- ed. "Recorder" Jan 30th 37

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Wm B. Richardson 1937 57 General Account Kings Association Frees Pheasants HANFORD, Jan. 26 (VNS)-With a rush of whirring wings 72 Chinese pheasants went into their natural wild state Sunday morning when released from their cages. The birds given their freedom represent one of the major activities in conservation undertaken by the Kings County Wildlife Conservation Association. Members of the State fish and game commission, here at the invitation of sportsmen in the association, opend the trap doors to send the hardy game birds on their flights in the heart of the big Heinlen ranch west of Lemoore. The birds came to the county from the Yountville state game farm as chicks six months ago and have been cared for and raised at the association pens at the fair grounds. Of the 80 chicks received only sev- en were lost and one was crippled. Far From Tame It might be thought that six months of domestication would have a tendency to tame the birds to some extent, but such was not the case, for their natural wild state was shown in their hurried flight to freedom when the crates were open- ed. The release was made in an ideal spot for wild life in about the cen- ter of the Heinlen ranch along Kings river. The birds were strong and will be able to care for them- selves along the sheltered river banks and will find a bounteous sup- ply of wild food on the adjoining pasture lands. Porterville Evening Records Feb. 9 1937

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Wm B Richardson 1936 58 General Account Heavy Rains At Doyle’s It has rained up at Camp Doyle this winter, according to E. Terwilliger, who was down from the resort today for the first time in weeks. February 4, 5 and 6 the precipitation amounted to 15 inches, and another 5 inches fell last week-end. Records such as these go far to explain the flood threats in Tule river. During the winter 156 inches of snow have fallen and there are now three feet of snow on the ground, Terwilliger said. Since December 28 travel about Doyle's has been possible only on snowshoes. Terwilliger came down to Camp Wishon this morning on snowshoes. The river reached the highest mark since 1916, during the rains, and washed out the concrete diversion dam of the San Joaquin Light and Power Corp. at the resort. The roads are badly washed though cars can now be driven into Camp Wishon, and repair work on the road above Wishon's is going forward. From Porterville Evening Records Feb 2 1937.

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Wm B. Richardson 1938 General Account 59 From Porterville Evening Recorder Feb ?, 1937. WALL OF EARTH, SANDBAGS STOPS RIVER TORRENT River Sunday Within Foot of High Water Mark Reached in Last Week's Flood Big Run-Off Pours Down Deer Creek Following Heavy Rain Late Saturday Night The excess water that came down Tule river Sunday, following the heavy rains of the night be- fore, beat in vain at the new dam that blocked the way down the channel washed from the river to Porter slough the week before. The slough carried only a small head of water Sunday morning, while the river, fed by the heavy rains of the previous night, reach- ed to within a foot of the mark made on the night of February 6, last. Along the wall of sandbags that had been placed across the break between river and slough last week, river rose to a height of three feet. If this new channel had not been damned up, a flood riv- al ling the previous torrent would have poured into the slough and swept through Porterville. Deer Creek High Heavy rains Saturday night in the Deer Creek watershed brought that stream up to as high a mark as it reached last week, a foaming tor- rent pouring under the highway bridge south of Porterville all day Sunday. The creek is still carrying an unusually heavy head of water, as is Tule river. Rains Pass Foot Mark Total precipitation in the storm that started Saturday afternoon reached .91 of an inch by this morn- ing, and the rainfall total for the season to date is now 12.04 inches, one of the heaviest winter precipita- tions in the history of the district, to the middle of February. was lifted from its foundation and moved a short distance where it be- came anchored against some trees. While there is quite a bit of damage there resulting from the two floods, none of it will cost very much money to repair. Olive Flooded Again A portion of the Olive street ex- lessen their severity. Likewise, according to Bonine, con- struction of overflow basins will be only a temporary measure because silt in the streams eventually would fill up the basins and necessitate con- struction of new ones. But overflow basins, he continues can be used to advantage along the lower Mississippi in filling up swamp the place where the cement broke away.

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"Wm B. Richardson 1938 59 General Account WALL OF EARTH, SANDBAGS STOPS RIVER TORRENT From Porterville Evening Recorder Feb ?, 1937. River Sunday Within Foot of High Water Mark Reached in Last Week's Flood Big Run-Off Pours Down Deer Creek Following Heavy Rain Late Saturday Night The excess water that came down Tule river Sunday, following the heavy rains of the night be- fore, beat in vain at the new dam that blocked the way down the channel washed from the river to Porter slough the week before. The slough carried only a small head of water Sunday morning. More Damage at Park More damage at Bartlett park re- sulted from the high water or small flood of Sunday morning. Quite a bit of the park was inundated once more, and there was a strong current. It did not last long, however. One of the dressing rooms from the apartment houses at Bartlett park not been damned up, a flood riv- alling the previous torrent would have poured into the slough and swept through Porterville. Deer Creek High Heavy rains Saturday night in the Deer Creek watershed brought that stream up to as high a mark as it reached last week, a foaming tor- rent pouring under the highway bridge south of Porterville all day Sunday. The creek is still carrying an unusually heavy head of water, as is Tule river. Rains Pass Foot Mark Total precipitation in the storm that started Saturday afternoon reached .91 of an inch by this morn- ing, and the rainfall total for the season to date is now 12.04 inches, one of the heaviest winter precipita- tions in the history of the district, to the middle of February. was lifted from its foundation and moved a short distance where it be- came anchored against some trees. While there is quite a bit of damage there resulting from the two floods, none of it will cost very much money to repair. Olive Flooded Again A portion of the Olive street ex- tension highway was flooded again Sunday with a continuous stream running over it all day. Danger signs were put up but autoists were able to continue by observing the land- marks. A piece of the cement high- way was washed away, making the damage a little more severe than re- sulted from the flood of February 6th. A small waterfall formed at the place where the cement broke away.

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Wm B. Richardson 1937 60 General Account Squirrel Drive Will Be Opened Ground squirrels are to be exterminated in a cleanup move in the Dry Creek farming section near Roseville. Present plans are to have each farmer rid his premises through poison, the work to begin when the weather becomes warm and the squirrels come out of hibernation. The heavy increase in the squirrel population in the last few years is responsible for much damage and loss to the ranchers. Fewer Mountain Lions Trapped The smallest number of mountain lions in several years, 177, were killed by trappers last year, according to the annual report of the State Bureau of Game Conservation. An average of $400 apiece was earned by trappers last year. Approximately 10,000 coyotes were among the bag taken by the several thousand licensed trappers in California. Clippings from Portville Evening Record February, 1937. Skunks of Bear Family Skunks are members of the bear family. Except for their smell, they have practically no other defense against natural enemies. They make a stand only in the last extremity. Skunk farms exist in this country and England. Unscrupulous dealers sometimes sell the pelts as sable or black fox. The skunk destroys more harmful insects than all other mammals together. Traps Thirty Coyotes J. G. McKerlie, State coyote trapper, reports taking thirty coyotes in thirty-five days. He and several other trappers of the State Fish and Game Commission and Federal Bureau of Biological Control have been trapping in Tulare County for several months. They have caught and killed several hundred coyotes and a large number of bobcats.

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General Account COUNCIL TO TAKE FUND ALLOCATION TO COMMISSION; CALLS FOR CHANGE IN PROTECTION OF LIONS BY PARKS Associated Chambers in March Session at Strath- more Last Night Protest Small Highway Fund to County for Coming Biennium So many matters concerning Tulare county came before the meeting of the Associated Chambers of Commerce of Tulare Coun- ty Council at Strathmore last night that for a time the council considered an interim meeting in this city, sometime late in March. A suitable date could not be decided upon however, and the Strathmore session was prolonged while a committee drew up a resolution protesting the amount of road money allocated to Tulare county by the state highway commission, and was instruct- ed to draw up two other resolutions; one denouncing the protec- tion of mountain lions and coyotes within national parks, and the other expressing the sympathy of the Council for the family of the late Congressman H. E. Stubbs, who represented this district for four years, until his death Sunday. Resolutions on an alleged un- fair discrimination against the county in relief appropriations and asking the permanent es- tablishment here of the preda- tory animal control campaign which has been so effective in the foot hill district, will be brought up at the next meeting of the coun- cil, which will be held in Porterville on the third Monday in March. This is to be the regular meeting time hereafter, instead of the first Mon- day in the month. Road Funds More time was spent by the Coun- cil on the road fund allocation than on any other of the several matters brought before it. The facts were brought out at a meeting of the Orange Belt Scenic Highway Associ- ation meeting; that Tulare is last of the 13 southern counties with which it is associated for highway fund distribution, in the secondary funds allotted, and is tenth in the amount allotted for primary funds; while its contribution to the state highway funds through gas tax payments is at least as great as the average county of the state and its road mile- age is one of the greatest. Ford A. Chatters of Lindsay point- ed out that the county has been go- ing to Fresno, where the division of- fice of the highway commission is located, to make its protests against the small amount allocated, while the allocation is made in Los Ange- les, on the recommendation, in this instance, of the southern division of the state chamber of commerce. The county is in the southern counties highway division and in the northern counties state chamber division, and the result is that it is almost entire- ly ignored in the recommendations, which seem to carry considerable weight with the highway commission. A. L. Evans, president of the Coun- cil, named C. B. Allumbaugh of Por- terville, John Bandy of Strathmore, and Ford Chatters to draw up the resolution protesting the road fund distribution, and it will be forwarded to the highway commission. Visit of Judges A committee, composed of the presidents of the 13 chambers of commerce associated in the Council, will, with another committee repre- senting the county bar, draw up the final program for the three-day visit here of the seven justices of the state supreme court: May 29, 30, 31, Presi- dent Evans announced. Evans re- turned yesterday from Los Angeles, where he saw the justices and was assured that the full membership of the bench would join in the Tulare county trip, arranged as a sort of celebration of the compromise, often recommended by the supreme court, of the long-drawn-out Lindsay- (Continued on Page Six)

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General Account Council To Take Allocation To Commission; Call For Change In Protection of Lions By Parks (Continued from Page One) Strathmore vs. Tulare Irrigation District water suit. The justices and their wives will reach Lindsay the afternoon of Saturday, May 29, have dinner there and afterward be guests at a public open-air reception at the Lindsay civic center. On Sunday the party will make the trip to Sequoia Park, where a picnic will be enjoyed. Monday the justices will have lunch with the county bar association and then return to Los Angeles. Lions and Coyotes Declaration of J. G. Hage, president of the Springville chamber of commerce that the campaign waged by trappers of the state fish and game commission and of the federal bureau of biological control had been highly successful, and that trappers might be stationed permanently in this district if civic organizations demanded, brought on a discussion of the policy of the government in maintaining the national parks as animal sanctuaries, where mountain lions and coyotes are protected and from which they sally to raid deer and domestic animals outside the park bounds. State and federal trappers are then paid to destroy the coyotes and lions. Homer Wood offered a resolution condemning this inconsistent procedure, and the resolutions committee was instructed to draw it up and forward it to the federal national park bureau. E. G. Dudley of Exeter commented on the "balance of nature" argument advanced by those favoring protection of all wild life within the parks, declaring that the balance was upset long ago. Pleasant Skit President Evans opened the meeting by calling on the presidents and secretaries of chambers of commerce present to say a few words, Donald Jones and Lester Skidmore responding for Porterville. D. R. Lightner, principal of Strathmore Union High School, then introduced two of his students, Paul Anderson and Billy Palmer, who put on a most entertaining parody of "The March of Time." Their "broadcasting" of a motor race between Constable W. D. Turney and a pair of fleeing bandits was especially good. Lightner also mentioned that Strathmore high school, winner of the basketball championship in the Sierra League, would play Livingston high school next Friday, at Strathmore, for the valley title. A splendid steak dinner was served by the ladies of the Strathmore Presbyterian church. Representing Porterville at the meeting were Donald Jones, G. F. Slack, Jos. Elliott, W. B. Roby, C. B. Allumbaugh, Mr. and Mrs. Lester Skidmore, Dr. Edgar Danner and Homer W. Wood. Continued from page 61.

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Soil Conservation To Include Clean-up of Ground Squirrels WASHINGTON, March 5.—(U.P.)— Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace, opened a new kind of battle today against the ubiquitous gopher and all his cousins, his uncles and aunts, which even now are beginning to thumb their purplish noses at fed- eral authority. Instead of giving cash bounties for their scalps, Wallace announced that he would pay western farmers under his soil conservation program 15 cents, cash, for every acre of land from which they cleared 90 percent of the pocket gophers residing there. He offered six cents an acre for 90 percent of the ground squirrels and seven and a half cents for the same percentage of prairie dogs and it looked like the bookkeeping might get pretty complicated before the war progressed much further. One of the troubles seems to be that a gopher doesn't seem to give a gosh darn about whose farm he honey combs with his intricate system of subways. A gopher will travel under- ground from one acre to another, it develops, without consideration what- ever for the agriculture department. These beasts, which have red eyes, short ears, big claws and pouches in their cheeks, are beginning to wake up from their winter's sleep—hungry and full of pep. The same goes for their relatives, the ground squirrels and the prairie dogs. They all like to bore tunnels under farms, coming up at intervals to eat whatever is at hand and then going back underground to dig more holes. There are billions of 'em and they're liable to do millions of dollars damage unless they're killed. The agriculture department had some little difficulty figuring how much to pay for the slaughter. The bureau of biological survey finally set the figure at 15 cents an acre for gophers because they're the thickest —and smartest. A gopher is such an efficient engineer that he can escape, through a tunnel of his own digging, all but the most persistent pursuers. They aren't so many ground squir- els or prairie dogs per acre and they're not such good diggers; hence the bounty on them is smaller. The biological expert also establish- ed that 90 percent minimum, on the theory that if a farmer kills that many of his subterranean enemies, the remaining ten percent won't do much harm. The difficulty here has to do with deciding when 90 percent of the beasts on any particular acre are dead. If only eight percent, say, are killed, there'll be no fifteen cents forthcoming from the federal govern- ment. Ninety percent, or nothing, the agricultural department said.

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Wm R Richardson 19367 64 General Account PARTIES SNOWBOUND One party, including Miss An- nie Alexander and Miss Louise Kellogg. Piedmont socialites, each 70 years of age, is held snowbound at Big Pine, Inyo county. The women are with a party of sixteen University of California zoologists. Squirrel War Starts SAN LUIS OBISPO, March 9. (P)—An $18,000 poison drive against squirrels in San Luis Ob- ispo county starts this week to prevent what the County Agri- cultural Commissioner estimated would be a $500,000 loss if the pests were uncontrolled. Clipping from Portwill Evening Record Review. March 4, 1939.

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Wm B. Richardson 1937 65 General Account WILD RABBIT FEVER WARNING ISSUED BY KERN AUTHORITIES BAKERSFIELD, March 25. (Exclusive)—Danger of infection with tularemia from wild rab- bits was cited in a warning is- sued today by Dr. M. A. Gifford, assistant health office of Kern county, who said that two such cases have been recorded in the last three months here. Both cases arose from the same rabbit, she said, the hunter hav- ing pricked his finger while han- dling it and his sister contract- ing the fever while preparing it for the table. Clipping from The Los Angeles Times Recorded April 5, 1937.

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E.W. B. Richardson 1938 67 General Account 300 COYOTES, BOBCATS TAKEN IN TRAPPER CAMPAIGN IN FOOTHILLS SPRINGVILLE, Apr. 22.—Gordon True, chief biologist of the San Francisco office of the Fish and Game Commission, and speaker at the banquet of the Porterville Fish and Game Protection Association Monday evening, was in the Milo district inspecting the work being done in the coyote trapping project under the supervision of O. R. Shaw. During the past thirteen months that Shaw has been in this district he has reported the destruction of slightly more than three hundred coyotes and wild cats. This has been of untold benefit to the stock men, especially those raising hogs, and to the poultry raisers. Before this eradication project was begun, poultry, hogs, sheep, calves and occasionally even a cow, were destroyed, the losses amounting to hundreds of dollars a year in this district alone. Shaw, who has charge of this work from Tehachapi to Lake Tahoe, has just returned from Yosemite Valley, where he has placed two trappers. He now has men at intervals along the mountain regions now accessible and will place more as they are available. As the season advances these men will be placed in the higher mountains as a measure to prevent the destruction of the deer and other game in the mountain regions. Clipping from Porterville Evening Record, April 20 1937 ?

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General Account Days When Tulare Lake Spread Over 500 Sections Recalled By Member of Pioneer Family By ARCHIE F. LANey In The Terra Bella News A generation or ago school children in looking over their maps saw a large block had been sliced off western Tulare to form a new county. The wonder was then, just how one county could keep all land and give to the other nearly all water. It happened just about that way. The new county was pretty well filled with the huge lake. No one knew then that beneath the five hundred or so square miles of water lay a body of land that someday would develop into grain growing country second to none in the world. Out east of the lake a few miles, and probably the same distance west and north of the town of Tipton, we find waters from the Kaweah joining forces with that of the Tule river, making one stream from this point on to the lake. For many miles this was a swampy country covered in places with gigantic oaks and willow trees. Occasionally back waters from the lake up in these swamps formed something of a bayou. Herds of Elk At one time herds of elk made their homes in these sections, hence we have the name Elk Bayou. All to the south was an open country or great plains and it was along this borderland so to speak that the writer together with other little boys of the day used to meet and plan their hunting and fishing excursions. Soon the east frontage of the lake had been pretty well looked over by this set of boys. A sprinkling of homesteaders comprised the population on the plains near the lake, and as can be imagined it was a lonesome looking country,—frontier enough to satisfy most anyone's liking for that sort of thing. Fringe of Trees In our earliest recollections, the water of the lake stood at not far from the now Kings county line. An interesting fact is also that for miles above that yet the ground was covered thick with mussel shells, and wire grass, a sort of swamp grass grew everywhere. So we presume the lake to have been much larger at some earlier time. A dense growth of tall trees always fringed the lake and was in places a half mile or more in width. A person venturing too far into these thickets of tules had to be a good navigator to find his way out. Hunters cut lanes through to open water to their duck blinds and boats. The shore line shifted and changed continually according to weather and season. A strong wind would bring the water out a surprising long ways. Some times the tules were in water a foot or so deep and at other times were high and dry. In the fall of the year occasionally fires swept through the dry tules and the burning of a few thousand acres on a dark night was a sight to behold. Wild Hogs Parties came to the lake to hunt wild hogs, tame ones gone wild perhaps, but considered a perfectly legitimate business. The hogs were vicious animals and no one hunter took chances alone. We can't say just how good the meat was, but a piece of fat wild shoat to flavor the beans always sounded good. Geese Flocks In fall and winter geese in unbelievable numbers made their home in the lake. They flew out in the early foggy mornings with much honking and close to the ground to their feeding places along the foothills or on the plains. On their return during the day, when the fog had cleared, they were in perfect formation and a mile high. The noise these big birds made when they came down out of the sky and settled was pleasure to meet other folks on the road that they might stop awhile and talk over the happenings of the week or so before. No nervous breakdowns those days, at least none that could be attributed to hurry or worry. Fog From Lake In winter thick banks of fog rolling inland off the lake was a nightly occurrence. To be lost on the plains after night in the dense fog was no funny thing, as many a sheep herder might vouch for. With no fences and few roads, all foot travelers were careful to come in before nightfall. Horses seemed to keep their sense of direction better than man. Drivers, although not at all certain about going anywhere else in the fog, could always depend on old Dobbie to take them the short way home and never miss. Summer breezes from off the lake were always cool, but on occasional still days with the always high degree of humidity, it was at times intensely hot. Mosquitos There was one source of annoyance to those good folks, one thing to spoil the serenity of the long summer evenings—mosquitos, boy, oh boy! Breezes brought clouds of them inland from out of the tules along the edges of the lake. They were a hungry lot and the minute they landed the fight was on. Bonfires and smoke pots threw out smoke screens that served as a partial check on these pesky little peace disturbers, but always it was the same uneven fight, and one by one members of the family would give it up and be forced to get under cover. Sleeping quarters all outside were protected with netting or cloth supported with sticks to form a sort of tent. These tents were supposed to keep most of the mosquitos out, or at least so they couldn't get in. Far into the night the slapping would continue with occasional exclamations, until finally all was quiet and then it didn't matter. If and when the good old lake fills to the level of the eighties and nineties whatever else it might bring, let us hope that will be minus the mosquitos.

Out east of the lake a few miles and probably the same distance west and north of the town of Tipton, we find waters from the Kaweah joining forces with that of the Tule river, making one stream from this point on to the lake. For many miles this was a swampy country covered in places with gigantic oaks and willow trees. Occasionally back waters from the lake up in these swamps formed something of a bayou. Herds of Elk At one time herds of elk made their homes in these sections, hence we have the name Elk Bayou. All to the south was an open country or great plains and it was along this borderland so to speak that the writer together with other little boys of the day used to meet and plan their hunting and fishing excursions. Soon the east frontage of the lake had been pretty well looked over by this set of boys. A sprinkling of homesteaders comprised the population on the plains near the lake, and as can be imagined it was a lonesome looking country,--frontier enough to satisfy most anyone's liking for that sort of thing. Fringe of Trees In our earliest recollections, the water of the lake stood at not far from the now Kings county line. An interesting fact is also that for miles above that yet the ground was covered thick with mussel shells, and wire grass, a sort of swamp grass, grew everywhere. So we presume the lake to have been much larger at some earlier time. A dense growth of tall trees always fringed the lake and was in places a half mile or more in width. A person venturing too far into these thickets of tules had to be a good navigator to find his way out. Hunters cut lanes through to open water to their duck blinds and boats. The shore line shifted and changed continually according to weather and season. A strong wind would bring the water out a surprising long ways. Some times the tules were in water a foot or so deep and at other times were high and dry. In the fall of the year occasionally fires swept through the dry tules and the burning of a few thousand acres on a dark night was a sight to behold. Wild Hogs Parties came to the lake to hunt wild hogs, tame ones gone wild perhaps, but considered a perfectly legitimate business. The hogs were vicious animals and no one hunter took chances alone. We can't say just how good the meat was, but a piece of fat wild shoat to flavor the beans always sounded good. Geese Flocks In fall and winter geese in unbelievable numbers made their home in the lake. They flew out in the early foggy mornings with much honking and close to the ground to their feeding places along the foot-hills or on the plains. On their return during the day, when the fog had cleared, they were in perfect formation and a mile high. The noise these big birds made when they came down out of the air and into the water, if once heard, could never be forgotten. Pioneers Fully as interesting no doubt as the wilds of the lake were the hardy old stock of people that lived in those regions. All were of one class, true pioneers in spirit. Inconveniences didn't mean much to folks equipped with such fortitude and resourcefulness. Had they had these qualifications they wouldn't have been there in the first place. At their homes their hospitality was genuine. Many may still remember the familiar old phrases of "take out and put up," meaning take the harness off the horses and stay all night. Along the rough and dusty roads the miles per hour was figured at six (instead of the now sixty) and to old and young it was considered a

Wm B. Richardson 1937 General Account Indians ‘Skingame’ Nets Braves Cash HELENA, Mont., Apr. 22.—(U.P.)— The Montana board of examiners has a problem concerning bounty claims totaling $6,000 presented by a group of Hill and Liberty county residents, the alleged victims of a “skin game” in which gopher hides allegedly were substituted for coyote pup pelts. The troublesome problem origi- nated last year when it was discov- ered that Indians in Northern Mon- tana had been trapping gophers, treating the hides in the mysterious depths of their wigwams, and then presenting them to sheriffs for bounty claims on coyote pups. Apparently too eager to await their bounty checks from the state live- stock commission, the Indians be- gan assigning the claims to persons with ready cash, taking a deduction on the face value of the claims. Officials Become Suspicious In 1935, when the red men turned in an all-time high total of 1,700 coyote pup skins, the livestock com- mision began to believe that all the Indians in the two counties had turned coyote hunters. They doubt- ed, however, that 1,700 coyote pups were born in the two counties dur- ing April, May and June, the period in which the bounties on the pups are paid. Doubt vanished and genuine sus- picion took root when early in 1936, Indians collected 4,000 “coyote pup hides” in the district. By that time, news of the new industry had spread to other tribesmen. An inspector for the commission began an investigation. He found 216 gopher skins in the Hill County jail, where several pokerfaced braves awaited their bounty claims. Court Action Started The commission stopped bounty payments and several Indians were bound over to the district court. During the trial, it developed that while the braves hunted gophers, as their ancestors had pursued buffaloes, the squaws remained at home, skin- nig the rodents and immersing the hides in a mixture of charcoal and used motor oil. Several of the “skin game” par- ticipants received prison sentences. pol 69 Clipping from Fortwill Evening Record April 20, 1937 (?)

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25th B Richardson 1937 General Account June 24 Yosemite Valley Mariposa Co: California. Arrived at the field school camp guesterday evening about 6.30 Don James and I having left Portville about 200. My first impression of the other members of the camp is that they are a very congenial group. They are all and willing to get along among themselves and apparently have a good time with their group activity as well as with their individual contacts. The following are the members of the school - Don Babenroth Columbia F. Baysinger Illinois Sid Boyle Provo, Utah Bill Bush Pleasanton, Calif. Alex Calhoun San Diego, Calif. Edith Cohoe Detroit Michigan Frances Cramer U.S.C. Jim Heath Stanford Carl Herald UCLA Bob Godwin UC Ward Holaday Indianapolis Lois Potter U. of Michigan Howard Mullins Corona, Calif. Jane Held U.C. Larry Reinicks U.C. Bill Richardson U.C. Max Smith Illinois Wally Taber UC Bob Wast Chico State Beth White Illinois

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W.B. Richardson 1933-1941 Journal 1941 Mexico: Baja islands

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Ensign S. Richardson 1941 General Account Feb. 21 Aboard the Teleris III About a week ago I received a letter from Paul Ashcroft (See letter file) inviting me to accompany Captain Allen Hancock on a cruise off the west coast of Maine. I accepted and now here I am lying in my bunk trying to relate what has happened. On the morning of the 19th I left Palmville and was at U.S.C. by 11:00. There I met Paul and together we went to Los Angeles Harbor and there after the required red tape we received my continued discharge book and accompanying sea man's papers. The following day we collected odds and ends of equipment together and went down to the boat. Stuck on board that (last night) and this morning we weighed anchor at 8:15 and pulled out of the harbor toward San Clemente. Without a doubt the Teleris III is one of the best and most completely equipped ships for scientific work which I have seen. There is comfortable room for 12 passengers and a crew of 17. The room though not fancy are as comfortable as most 1st class staterooms and with a stove, table, 2 wardrobes, large clothes closet, chest of drawers, and other conveniences.

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1941 20th. B. Petaluma 2 General Account Aboard the Vickers III On board there is a fine work room for sorting and caring for marine invertebrates. Under cover on the aft part of the deck there is a room where the botanist and botanical zoologist work. There is also a fine dark room, and room filled with equipment to analyze the water. On shore she has everything necessary for marine biological exploration. The general is made up of Captain Henderson and his wife, Dr. Fraser a retired geologist, John Smith and specialist. Grenville P Ashcraft “herpetologist,” Fred Zeitgeimair (sp?) insect zoolog., “Woods” “White” Medical Doctor. Dr. Climent, Geologist, Photographers At San Clemente Isl. we picked up a group of 9 people who have for the second week been working collecting plants and animals for the Los Angeles Museum. On this party was Willard and von Borcke. We brought the party back over to Catalina Island and after discharging their cargo we again headed

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1941 28th B. Richardson 3 General Account Abroad the Teleru III. continues. The evenings run was a short one to a port held apart off Catebra where we have anchored for the night. Today for the first time I saw the group dredging. Two scopes were taken off San Clemente. The process is to lower a series of bags one within the other, those given are being inserted for and samples the other are used to safeguard large marine life. Three series of bags have an outer protection of a coarse mesh kind made which looks like the chain mail of the knights fold. The links of this chain work are of heavy steel and it is this steel which does the plowing in the depths. The material when it is brought up is partially crushed and settled. Feb 22 anchor this morning about 5:30 and headed for San Diego. Arrived outside the harbor this afternoon and then dredging bringing up 3 hooks. The small boat was put overboard to and stern trawling was done for several hours!

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1941 Wm.J.Richardson General Account Aboard the Velox III The catch was good and needless to say interesting to me, for it is the first type of word in new (Something is wrong with nature but I hope you get the idea). The evening we anchored off San Diego. While that I might got some cold swimming suits. That a chore. Feb. 23 Weighed anchor about 5:30 this morning and by 10:30 had reached Ensenada. After a long night (12+) the Mexican official came aboard gave me the necessary clearance papers. After lunch several of us went ashore in the rain. We followed Mrs. Hancock in and out of the cur store along the length of main street. It is a quaint touristy looking little settlement with little or real interest. It has however a very attractive setting with a wide bay and high mountains in the background. After several dredgings entered the harbor we turned the mops of the boat southward toward Adaro Island. Feb 24 Continued our way toward Adaro. I stood watch this morning from 4 to 6. We had just

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Wm.B. Richardson 1941 General Account 5 Aboard the Telero III on our course that instead of cruising at Cedros as I had expected we might & we went to the San Benitos Islands west of Cedros Island. On the lea of the islands we anchored and a group of us went ashore on East San Benito Isl. It was a rather low but rugged island with a low vegetation of shrubs and hulaucina plants and numerous rocky outcrops. On the beach were sea lions and the elephant seal. The seal colors were large and despite the fact that Dr. Powers Dog food company had been there some time ago collecting meat. There were numerous old carcasses lying on the shore as evidence of the slaughter. The young of the seals were well developed with the younger adults greasy and shifting for themselves. The sea elephant or large sluggish creatures of many getting little dog food men. They made little a no effort to get away from us but preferred to remain quiet on the beach running themselves. Their (B) large casers showed many scars of their various battle and many still had scars

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20th/3. Richardson 1941 6 General Account Aboard the Vilena II wounds. The battle scars were rather restricted to the &s. I should say little scar, including gouged out eye. The young of the sea elephant had the gray coat of the juveniles, short tail which barely protruded through the gum (except the canines), blunt face, and a definite desire to remain out of the water. They were cute, little mammals with a bad disposition. On the island Bud and I shot 21 birds which included 1 Opey, 6 wreys, and 14 song sparrows. The song sparrow was very common and at this season were feeding the chicks of the &s were all enlarged about this size and we found an nest with 4 eggs and I saw one bird carrying food in its mouth. This morning we are still at anchor off the San Benitos Islands. Feb 25 This morning and early afternoon Bud and I shot some of the birds shot yesterday. This evening we went ashore at the southern end

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"20"/13./Richmond 1941. 7 General Account Aboard the Velero III of Cedros Island (South Bay). Here we set approximately 50 net and some traps in the rocky sparingly vegetated slopes along the shore. Saw only an owl on the island and were unable to shoot it. The sign of seal or otter is nearly absent along the coast despite the fact that the region appears ideal. Here is a camp of some 7 Mexican colorado who are lobster trapping. They informed me that they catch about 100 lbs a day and that they return to San Diego by a boat which calls them every 10 days. They offered to sell us lobsters at $7:50 U.S. per 100 lbs. Cheap enough. We bought some and tomorrow we have lobster for lunch. Tonight we are anchored in South Bay at the south end of Cedros Feb 26 Today worked (dredged) south of Cedros and toward Nantucket Island. Big hauls and lots of work. This evening anchor was lowered at the north east end of Cedros Island. Read and I went ashore and sat at the

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20th 13. Richards 1941 8 General Account Altered the Tilus III. move troops by flash light Feb 27 Went below early this morning only to find that our troops had retreated (non com going). We took up the troops and sent them aboard and then landed and I turned our attention inland and deer hunting. We spent from 6:00 to 4:00 and saw "very a thing". We saw sign of deer particularly along the lower canyon where they had evidently come down to drink. High along the timbered ridge we saw no fresh signs. We also saw numerous fox scat and several rabbit darning localities. The tracks of what appeared to be that of a small shrew were found along the stream side. Down on the plain near the light house were several dusting grooves of small mammals. As for the flowers all I can say is that everything seems to be in bloom. It is really a beautiful island at this time. The vegetation is rather sparse that is there is no heavy timber. No signs of any grazing. The grass which was to be found in scattered patches near the

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W.B. Richardson 1941 9 General Account Aboard the Eplerus III current of the wet slope on a two medled/small cord variety. (Botanical specimen saved.) At the head of the canyon which begins near the light line is a large mine. It is now abandoned some 20 to 40 years but at one time it was a big enterprise. Most of its hill slopes are lunary combes with shafts & drifts. Water which is soon to be found in most of the canyons in good quantity draining and liming. It was a long ride for a saddle but it was good fun and we did certainly see the country. I am tired that nevertheless I have to stand watch on the bridge from 12 to 2:00 good night. Incidentally we weighed anchor about 4:30 and we now headed for San Diego. March 17 Today, that is this morning and early afternoon was spent steaming toward San Diego. We arrived there about 2:00. After a long weight for customs officials we went ashore. I headed for a palm boat. Tally with Marjorie to find out that all was well. Job at Modern Co. her fellow through Elizabeth and Quentin and came down

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Wm S. Richardson 1941 10 General Account Along the Riviera At the hotel. Dad and I shared them about and then they took me to Berniseries for dinner. Elizabeth look well and as grand as ever of Dicky. She is expecting another child in the not too near future. It was nice to see them again. March 2 Left port at 8:30 this morning and am now bound for San Pedro Harbor which will find on my very pleasant trip. I have enjoyed it My only wish might be that May might have been able to accompany me.

ARRANGEMENT OF SPECIMENS 1. Kinds (See Miller). 2. Locality; N to S, then W to E. 3. Date. 4. Collector (Alphabetically) 5. Serial number of collector.

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PAPER. Quality of paper: White "California" Bond, 120 (Blake, Moffitt and Towne), as per on samples. Note: This paper was selected for its rag content and after careful tests; please do not substitute. Size of Sheet: 6-3/8 inches wide, by 8-3/4 inches high. Ruling and Spacing: Spacing between faint blue horizontal lines, and between left margins and red vertical line to be exactly like samples. Punching: Diameter of holes to be 3/8 inches; margins of all holes set in 3/16 inch from left margin of sheets. A binder in which paper is used accompanies this requisition. Please center the holes so as to allow equal play over posts. Charles Poulter 2051 Center Street, Berkeley. Phone Berk. 7842. Price--3.30 per thousand. Volume 2 m - 11 20 5 m - 25 69

Charles Poullier 2031 Center Street, Berkeley. Phone Berk. 7845. Price--8.30 per thousand. so as to allow equal play over posts, this repetition. Please center the holes deeper in which paper is used accommodate A . ateam of margin of sheets. Left margins of all files are in 8\16 Punching: Diameter of holes to be 5/8 inches; spacing between lines, and between left and right vertical line to be exactly like samples. Size of sheet: 6-3\8 inches wide by 8-3\4 inches high, close do not substitute. For content and after careful tests; Note: This paper was selected for its samples. (Black, Moffitt and Towne), as per Quality of paper: White "California" Bond

SHELL VIALS "Diamond-O" Capsule vials, of flint glass, Size #1 (1 in. x 2 in.), with C/W slip-on metal caps. (Mnf'd by Owens-Illinoise Glass Co., Toledo, Ohio); carried in stock by Owens-Illinoise Pacific Glass Co., 15 th and Folsom Street, San Francisco. 3 grose to the case. Cost about 3.50 per gross. Shell vials of flint glass, in two sizes: Outside dimensions, 55 mm. in height; diameter, 33 mm.; glass approximately 1 mm. 7 2/16 - 14 2/8 Outside dimensions, 45 mm. in height; diameter, 22 mm.; glass approximately 1 mm. 3 2/8 - 4 2/8 Ordered through Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co., 576 Mission St., San Francisco. Corks for shell vials: #15 short taper corks, xx grade (cheap), of following dimensions; height, 26 mm.; top diamerer, 34mm.; bottom diameter, 30 mm. $3.00 per thousand. #8 short taper corks, xx grade; height 20 mm.; top diameter, 22 mm.; bottom diameter 18 mm. $14.00- 1.50 per thousand. Ordered through Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co., 576 Mission St., San Francisco. Kimble Capsule Vials with slip on metal caps Size #1 Kimble Glass Company Windsor, New Jersey.

Corks for shell vials: #15 short taper corks, xx grade (cheap) of following dimensions; height 28 mm. top diameter 8 mm.; bottom diameter 20 mm. $3.00 per thousand. #3 short taper corks, xx grade ; bottom diameter 16 mm. $4.00-1.50 per thousand. Ordered through Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co., 576 Mission St., San Francisco. 576 Mission St., San Francisco. Ordered through Braun-Knecht-Heimann Co. 1 mm. 38-42 diameter, 22 mm.; glass approximately Outside dimensions, 42 mm. in height; 1 mm. 42-44 diameter, 33 mm.; glass approximately Outside dimensions, 55 mm. in height; Shell vials of tint glass in two sizes: per gross. & gross to the case. Cost about 3.80 Co., 15 th and Folsom Street, San Francisco. stock by Owens-Illinois Bottle Glass Glass Co., Toledo, Ohio; carried in metal caps. (Made by Owens-Illinois #1 (1) .in. x 2 in.), with C/W slip-on "Diamond-O" Capsule vials, of tint glass, size SHELL VIALS. Xanthol Capsules Brads will agree with corks Knecht Heiman Company Standard San Mfg

COTTON. "California Special" cotton (for bodies of specimens). Comes in 2½ lb. batts, four bats toa carton. Carried by J. F. Hink and Son, Berkeley Calif. Price $4.00 per carton. "American" cotton (for tails of specimens). Comes in 1-lb. bats. Carried by J. F. Hink and Son, Shattuck Avenue and Kittredge, Berkeley. $ .35 to .50 per batt.

COTTON. "California Special" cotton (for bodies of specimens). Comes in 2 1/2 lb. pats, four pats to carton. Carried by J. F. Hink and Son, Berkeley Calif. Price $4.00 per carton. "American" cotton (for tails of specimens). Comes in 1-1/2 lb. pats. Carried by J. F. Hink and Son, Shattuck Avenue and Kittredge, Berkeley. $ .25 to .30 per paff.

TRAPS. Government size "Out-o sight" mousetraps, 2-5/8 in. wide by 5-1/4 in. long. Made to order by Animal Trap Co. of America, Lititz, Pennsylvania. $14.40 per gross, carriage extra. McAbee Gopeher traps (standard and small size), Ordered through Baker-Hamilton Pacific Company, 700- 7 th Street, San Francisco. $2.00 per dozen.

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TAGS. For permanent labeling of MVZ specimens of skulls, as per following specifications and like sample submitted herewith. Size; Circular, 11/16 inch in diameter. Stock: Dennisons shandard waterproof fiber stock. Hole punch: 1/16 inch in diameter, placed 1/8 inch from edge of tag. String: Dennison's No. 5 twine -- if as resistant to boiling water, grease, and amonia, as is Barbour's hemp carpet thread. Thread to be strung through double and knotted 20 millimeters from edge of tag, Tatal length of double thread, to be 5-3/4 inches, measuring from edge of tag. Dennison Manufacturing Co. Framingham, Mass. Price $4.35 per 1000

Dennison Manufacturing Co. Framingham, Mass Price $ 25 1000

Mus. No. Orig. No. SKELETON ONLY Mus. No. Skull only. Orig. No. University of California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY Mus. No. Orig. No. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY Mus. No. Orig. No. SKELETON ONLY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY Mus. No. Orig. No. SKULL ONLY

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HOW TO PRESERVE REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS FOR SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Place live specimens in can with tight- fitting top and introduce small rag or cotton soaked in chloroform or other. Do not open can until about ten minutes after animals have become quiet. Allow all specimens to relax for one hour in open air before putting them in fluid. Tag each specimen separately, writing on tag the locality (county and nearest town), date, and collector's name. Examine specimens daily for three or four days after being put in solution and if any are soft or discolored (particularly about the stomach) or have skin slipping, put them in fresh solution and re-inject. Always use about three times as much solution as necessary to cover specimens. REPTILES Preservative.—Alcohol 70 to 80%: mix four parts of strong (95%) grain or denatured alcohol with one part water. Formalin 10% (Formaldehyde 4%): mix one part commercial solution with nine parts water. Lizards.—Tie tag on hind leg above heel or knee. Make slit ½ inch long with scissors on right side of belly and inject preserving fluid into body cavity (with aleohol use 95% strength for this). Also inject fluid into mouth. Lay specimen out straight or smoothly curved in bottle or can. Snakes.—Thread one string of tag on a needle and sew into skin at side of neck; then tie. Make cuts ½ inch long every 4 inches on belly and inject with fluid as for lizards;

M.V.Z. Preservative. Arnick 75% Talc 15% By volume Salt Peater 10% Preservative used by J.S. Dixon. Alum 14 Salt Peater 1 By weight. Talk 1 Paper for Tags Bryon Weston Ledger Paper 19x24 Substance 36.

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1. Outline for life history. Local vernacular names. Most striking features. Local associations, floral, kind of ground. Mannerisims, gait, posture,of body and tail. Instances of behavior such as ordinairly seen. Reflexes , timidity. Voice. Tracks, workings, feces, scratching. Burrows and nests. Hibernation, time and where. Use of glands. Breeding season, duration. Numbers of young, per liter or embryos. Number of litters per year. Dates of bitrh average/ and extreme. Relations to other animals. Enemies and other natural checks. Relation to plant life. Storage of food. Feeding and forage habits. R lative numbers. Estimates of population per unit of area. Uniformity of distribution. Any changes in history. *From the notes of Dr. Linsdale.

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1. SUGGESTIONS AS TO COLLECTING Use one serial set of field numbers for all specimens (including "pick-ups", nests and eggs, and wet preservatons), continuing number from last trip. Number notebook pages consecutively from where left off previously. Always enter altitude of locality for each speci- men, both on tags and in notebooks; always give county as well as exact place; for example: "3 mi. NE Lone Pine, 3700 ft., Inyo Co., Calif.". Note proper abbre- vation for California. Attend minutely to proper punctuation. Record data on all tags in following order (in 3 or 4 lines, as necessary): Sex, your field number, your name; locality; number and size of embryos; measurements, weight, date. All miscellaneous material should bear labels stating to what species it pertains, with notebook page references. Nests should be "threaded" and have labels attached to them (not only to container). Folders for plants should each be inscribed with full data, as per usual botanical practice. Eggs should have labels placed within containers in which packed. Miscellaneous material should be packed with as great care as skins or skulls. Check pouch contents, feces, etc., should be placed in small envelopes or boxes, with labels inserted, and such containers packed in a stout box to prevent crushing. In collecting specimens, keep improving technique; turn out smooth, symmetrical, firm skins of birds and mammals. For frequent reference, carry with you a copy of R. M. Anderson's "Methods of Collecting and Preserv- ing Vertebrate Animals." If possible, keep all skins with you until thoroughly dry. In preparing for ship- ment, take special pains to pack specimens tightly so that they will not move lengthwise of the box. Much of smoothness and symmetry may be lost through loose pack- ing. In cleaning skulls of bird skins, avoid removing

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so much of the back end of the cranium as to loosen the articulations of the lower jaw. The lower mandible should be left in place so that the bill will close in normal position, preferably without tying. If tying be necessary, do not draw thread so tight as to force lower mandible back out of normal position against upper. In birds larger than linnet, if leg bones be broken, replace with sticks so that feet remain firmly anchored to body. In birds larger than meadowlark use solid excelsior or tow body; but avoid over stuffing; with larger birds aim to make a flattish skin. Be faithful in removing all fat and grease. Mammal skulls should be severed from the vertebral column using extreme care not to injure the skull. Skulls the size of Citellus or larger should have the major part of the masseter muscle snipped off to allow the skull to dry quickly. In making out the skull tag, enter field number, initials and sex symbol with Higgins eternal ink. In all cases write large and heavy. This is important, for the fading of the number means the loss of a speci- men. Cut off the loose ends of the string. Attach tag to skull by running the string between the lower jaws. Tie with about 1/4" slack in the string. Do not tie tightly around the lower jaw; there is danger of breaking it in bat or shrew skulls. Also, a loose string allows the beetles to eat the meat directly be- tween it and the jaw bone. Soak skulls in cold water for 12 hours, to remove the blood and loosen the brain. In very hot weather it may be necessary to change the water to prevent fermentation. Bones acquire a bluish tinge when the temperature of the water rises and maceration begins. After taking the skulls out of water, blow the brains out with the aid of a hypodermic fitted with a blunt needle, or atomizer bulb fitted with a short rubber tube and blunt hypodermic needle.

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Large and small skulls should not be strung on the same wire. If, for example, squirrel and mouse skulls are strung together, the smaller certainly will be more or less broken. Above all, do not allow skulls to become fly blown. This is apt to occur when they are hung up to dry and while soaking, as some will float and thus be exposed to flies. Maggots do a great deal of damage by discoloring the bone, loosening the sutures, and obliterating data on tags. Never hang skulls in the sun -- always in the shade and, if possible, where there is a breeze. When skulls are quickly dried, any fly eggs deposited will not hatch. If, due to damp weather, the skulls are apt to remain soggy, wrap in cheesecloth (when hung up) to exclude the flies. When packing skulls for shipment, or when moving camp, use a container with plenty of air holes. Never put damp or even dry skulls in air tight containers; this causes sweating and maceration. When preparing skeletons, skin the body complete- ly, which means to the tip of the tail and to the claws of the feet. The pads of the feet of mammals and tarsi of birds are nearly impervious to the dermestid beetles. Always "draw" the animal and cut off all large muscles. Tag skeletons (each separate piece) in the same way as skulls. When roughed out, skeletons should be wrapped with thread or string so that the head and extremi- ties will not be broken off when they are dry and brittle. The legs are pulled up along the body and the head brought back. A few wrappings of thread will suffice for small skeletons. Do not use so much thread that the beetles have difficulty in getting to the meat. Do not wrap too tightly, as fresh bones are easily bent. Preserve amphibians, reptiles, young of birds and mammals, and materials of like nature, in formalin. Ordinarily mix one part full strength (40%) formalin

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4. with nine parts water. Vary this strength for different kinds of material and for different weather conditions. Inject each specimen with slightly stronger solution than is used for immersing it. Be sure that each specimen is cold and relaxed before placing in tank. Examine specimens at intervals to see that they remain hard. Coil long specimens symmetrically. In packing alcoholics, drain off fluid and wrap in cheesecloth so that each specimen is separate from its neighbor; place in cans with tight-fitting tops, filling in extra space with excelsior to prevent specimens from moving about and rubbing against one another. Pour in just enough fluid to keep packing material moist. The same care in this respect is as necessary when merely changing camp as during shipment to Museum. In "pithing" of reptiles with a needle or scalpel, care should be taken not to mutilate the specimens; a neat, accurate operation is in order. In trapping, do not let a line get "stale". Keep all settings sensitive. Avoid using too much bait as well as too little. Where ants are active during the day, re-bait faithfully the last thing at night. In preparing specimens caught, divide your efforts logically between the common and rare species. As a rule, even with the commonest species, save a pair of adults from each locality. Where available, series up to thirty from one locality should be saved, these to include young of different stages as well as adults. With birds, do not use up time on series of well-known, and particularly migrant, species. However, save anything unrecognized, or needed to back up notebook determination. NOTE TAKING Head each and every notebook page with collector's name and year, page number, locality (in detail the first time used), and date. Enter for each specimen all details of data pertaining to take -- collector's

NOTE TAKING If there is any doubt as to whether a note should be taken, remember that the more detailed your notes are the better they will be for review and study purposes. Notes may be used for preparing reports or other assignments. It is important to record only essential information during lectures. This includes main ideas, supporting details, examples, and conclusions drawn by the instructor. Avoid writing down every word spoken; instead, focus on capturing key points. Use abbreviations where possible but ensure they are understandable later. For instance, "w/" can mean "with," and "b/c" stands for "because." However, avoid using overly complex shorthand that might confuse you when reviewing your notes. Organize your notes systematically. Use headings, bullet points, or numbered lists to structure content logically. This makes it easier to find specific information quickly during revision sessions. After class, take some time to review and expand upon your notes while the lecture is still fresh in your mind. Add clarifications, additional thoughts, or questions that arise from reflecting on what was discussed. Finally, consider digitizing handwritten notes if feasible. Digital formats allow for easy searching, editing, and sharing among peers who may also benefit from your organized material.

5. number (left of red line)and also there, if not conventional "skin", whether (if) skeleton, skull- only, or alcoholic; name of species, sex, breeding condition, measurements, weight, and, on occasion, color of iris and soft parts. Use a vernacular name of the species, if you are not sure of the scientific name. Write full notes, even at risk of entering much information of apparently little value. One cannot anticipate the needs of the future, when notes and collections are worked up. The following are suggested topics, but do not restrict yourself to these alone. Be alert for new ideas and new facts. Describe vegetation (saving plant-press samples of species not positively known), nature of ground, slope exposure, and drainage of each belt of animal life collected in. Describe exact location of trap lines, referring to your topographic maps, and also enter a sketch, in profile, or surface view, or both, to illustrate the location and relations of the dif- ferent habitats crossed. Properly marked maps for each region worked should ultimately be bound in with the field notes. Keep record of closeness of settings of traps, distance covered, and results of each night's trapping; give number and type of traps put out in each habitat and number of animals of each species captured in each habitat (whether or not preserved), with sex, age, and breeding condition of each animal. Keep full record of breeding data: Number and approximate size (length) of embryos, or of young found in nests; state of incubation in eggs. Dig out burrows if practicable; make drawings to scale, plan and eleva- tion; describe fully. Record food plants; keep specimens for identifica- tion where not known by a definite name; preserve cheek pouch contents, contents of gullets, stomachs of mammals and large birds. If these are not saved, identify and record contents.

6. Note regularly in notebook all "pick-ups", that is, odd skulls or fragments of animals of whatever sort or source, serially numbered along with specimens of the more usual sort. Give full information, as with odd skulls secured from trappers. Label all such specimens adequately, as elsewhere described. Keep frequent censuses of diurnal birds and mammals, with locality preferences indicated. These censuses, if short, need not be entered on formal census sheets. When leaving a well-worked locality, enter a summary of species observed, with remarks of a general nature, such as re- late to local conditions of terrain, human activities, etc. Where feasible, interview old residents, trappers, National Forest and National Park rangers in each locality visited. Always record accurately the name, official position or occupation, and address of each person giving information; give also your opinion as to his reliability. Note general attitude of men inter- viewed as to game laws and conservation and record specific comments, complaints or criticisms. Ascertain present numbers and distribution of large mammals and birds as compared with former status. So far as possible get definite statements expressing ratio of abundance now, compared with a definite number of years back. Record fully all evidence as to human in- fluence upon original or "natural" balance. Record present economic relations of vertebrate animal life, that is, effect on agriculture, stock raising, etc., with full details. Note opinions as to whether species should be protected or destroyed. Describe local methods of capture or destruction; give your opinion as to their effectiveness and justification. Opportunity offering, record detailed observations on effects upon vertebrate animals, of severe storms, floods, forest, chaparral or prairie fires, over-grazing, lumbering, road-building, or tree-planting.

SUGGESTIONS AS TO LIFE HISTORY NOTES (Birds, Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians) Markings and coloration (meanings apparant as associated with significant circumstances: directive, disruptive, concealing). Speed (gait, climbing, swimming, walking, running, flying); tracks. Abundance: by impression; censuses. Plant associates: habitat; environment (define distinctive ecologic niche or biotope in which each animal is found). Range (home range or "cruising radius" of indi- vidual, topographic and geographic range of species, any indications of change in range). Call-notes or voice (interpretations whenever circumstances give any clue); "songs" of birds. Migrations (regular, irregular, local, altitu- dinal, geographical); movements and flight. Degree of gregariousness (including "social in- stincts"); manner or means of communication (as voice, gesture, touch, and smell-signals). Nests, dens and lairs; breeding habits (including number of young, length of breeding period, mating; whether promiscuous, polygamous, monogamous; relations of individuals of family group to each other); modes of locating nests or homes; sanitation; solicitude; reactions of young; care of young; mastology (distribu- tion of mammary glands). Boldness; belligerence; intolerance; shyness. Food-habits; forage range; manipulation of food; storage. Scatology (dung or feces). Acuteness of the various senses (touch, taste, sight, hearing, smell, and direction). Enemies; disease (parasites, internal and external). Odd partnerships; commensalism; any biotic inter- relationships apparant. Age (length of life of individual). Refuges: from enemies; for resting or roosting. Dormancy: hibernation or estivation; evidences of: places where undergone.

SUGGESTIONS AS TO THE PROPER USE OF AMERICAN ENGLISH (William Strunk, Jr.) The rules of usage are not arbitrary; they are based on the principles of good writing. These principles include clarity, precision, and economy of expression. The following suggestions are offered as a guide to effective communication. 1. Form possessives by adding 's to singular nouns and s' to plural nouns ending in s. For example: the boy's book, the boys' books. 2. Use the subjunctive mood to express conditions contrary to fact or hypothetical situations. For example: If I were you, I would go. It is essential that he be present. 3. Avoid using double negatives. In standard English, two negatives cancel each other out, resulting in a positive meaning. For example: "I don't have no money" should be "I don't have any money." 4. Use active voice whenever possible. Active sentences are usually more direct and forceful than passive ones. For example: "The cat chased the mouse" is better than "The mouse was chased by the cat." 5. Avoid using unnecessary words. Concise writing is clearer and more engaging. For example: "Due to the fact that" can be replaced with "Because." 6. Use correct pronoun case. Use subjective pronouns (I, he, she, we, they) when the pronoun is the subject of a sentence. Use objective pronouns (me, him, her, us, them) when the pronoun is the object of a verb or preposition. For example: "She and I went to the store" (subject) vs. "The teacher gave the books to her and me" (object). 7. Avoid split infinitives if possible, though this rule is often relaxed in modern usage. An infinitive consists of "to" plus the base form of a verb (e.g., to run). Splitting it means inserting an adverb between "to" and the verb (e.g., to quickly run). While sometimes acceptable for clarity or emphasis, it is generally best to avoid it. 8. Use parallel structure in lists and comparisons. Elements in a list or comparison should have the same grammatical form. For example: "She likes reading, writing, and swimming" (all gerunds) is better than "She likes reading, to write, and swim." 9. Avoid dangling modifiers. A modifier should clearly refer to the word it modifies. For example: "Walking down the street, the trees looked beautiful" implies the trees were walking. Correct: "Walking down the street, I thought the trees looked beautiful." 10. Use commas correctly. Commas are used to separate items in a list, after introductory elements, before conjunctions joining independent clauses, and around non-essential information. For example: "I bought apples, oranges, and bananas." "After the rain stopped, we went outside." These suggestions are not meant to be rigid rules but rather guidelines for clear and effective writing. Practice and attention to detail will help improve your writing skills.

8. Note -- Read above suggestions every few days, de- voting half an hour or so to thoughtful consideration of the objects of our field work, which are: To as- certain everything possible in regard to the natural history of the vertebrate life of the regions traversed, and to make careful record of the facts gathered in the form of specimens and notes, to be preserved for all time. All this is for the information of others; strive to make your records in all respects clearly intelligible. Remember that the value of our manuscripts increases as the years go by and faunal changes take place. Some of our earlier notebooks describe conditions now vanished in the localities they dealt with. J. Grinnell September 12, 1933.

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COLLECTING POCKET GOPHERS 1. Specimens should be secured from as many environ- mental set-ups -- soil textures, elevations, plant associations -- as possible in the available time. Especially should this be so in the case of type local- ities. 2. Notes as to color and general texture of soil should be so arranged that the individual specimens may be classified in this regard. It is perhaps best to write such notes, abbreviated, on the tag as well as in the notebook. 3. Rather than large series from any one locality (unless it be in an entirely new differentiation area), it is better to have samples (=5 adult females, 3 adult males, if possible) from a number of close-together localities. 4. Trap settings (exact places) should be marked on the maps to be kept permanently in notebooks, concorded with the written records of catch and descriptions of ground. 5. If a population of gophers appears variable on first sampling, attempt to get a series of ten or more adult females, together with the males taken at the same time whatever their number. 6. Save skulls of any young taken; but series of skins in juvenile pelage are of little importance. Save complete skeletons of any very young ones taken, or preserve entire in alcohol. Skeletons or specimens of adults are not needed beyond two of a kind (♂ and ♀) unless for special studies known to be actually under way.

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