Handwritten China journal of Edmund Heller (2 of 5)

Heller, Edmund, 1875-1939

Unknown

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American Museum of Natural History China Expedition 1916-1917 Zoology Ornithology

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18 The night was clear & cool but in the morning at daylight there was a drizzle which disappeared at 7 P. M. when we broke Camp, The way lead over rolling hills some bare, & had more heavy Pine trees & grass. The road side was lined by a great variety of bushes some were young ones, then small medlar pears, then umbrella apples resembling tangerines adorned by red apples others covered with red Christam berries some with blue berries. In spring this road must be glorious for primroses.

white & pink apple like blossoms, Oakberry berry branches of various + clusters like cherries grew on a common roadside bush On the roof forming houses + trans gates skeletons grow throug this court clumps of ficus indica cactus the only cactus seen here Yesterday me saw a farmer growing among a sharp leaved plum [illegible] heart shaped design for his truncated paired handle prune, near by this family now [illegible] Yesterday + these plums were [illegible] pair - celery oxen.

Nearby his family was building a house. The method of making wall is to mix up planks, the desired width, then fill in between with adobe mud mixed with straw to hold it together. This manner of working over farthings thrusting on this earth to wedge it in tightly. Sun-dried bricks are often used also for house walls. There are large black clay tiles at the hearth, one third on many of the ridges as.

"8000 or ?000 feet small fields of buckwheat were seen in flower, with giving a delicate light printest white effect. The country generally has the rolling pinched appearance of the west of S. California & Mexico at 5000 feet alt, in those countries. There is nothing distin gtive in the vegetation that reminds its chine. The culivated valley with rice is the only oriental feature. This rolling country of Yuma is at a general level of 6300 feet with valleys with the ridges 2000 feet higher or 8300ft.

Kuei-Chou is a similar country & rolling without any really high ranges. It is described as gameless by More-Bennett & others who have been thru it. Along the road we have been traveling to we have seen no cat tracks in the soft earth & it is apparently devoid of rodents carrioness & ? largest animal. The small wildlife is abundant & the bush & tree growth in great variety with many fruits fruits for food. We reached a low level valley some 4 miles in width & dotted by many villages. This we crossed & stopped at Yun-man-yi - a town on the west border. Here we camped in a large old temple on the hillside.

overlooking the plain. At the entrance to the town See, fine camel bell tower, quite an unusual feature in this region, 19 We decided to camp here for the day as the Camel animals were very tired + sore-backed. Set no rat traps in the bushes at the temple + caught 7 [illegible] norwegicus on runway At 9 AM, I went shooting with the 22 in the agros + fields near the village, in the trees I secured 2 turkeys. One of them was high up running about with its nearest branches

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(20) The night was cool & Clear. I caught a new moon a gray, long-tailed spiny furrow-one. Also caught a T. (illegible) during the day; they apparently do not move about during the night. We broke camp at Yum-mung, at 6:30 just as the sun was rising. The road led thru hills & along small valleys filled with rice & corn fields in about equal proportions. The day was clear but had hot a breeze blowing all day. Yesterday when I was looking a bunch of Chinese boys followed the soldiers & about running along laughing & thoughtless like Caucasians of the same age very different from the dull, indolent, adult males, at mom me.

"Stopped in a small hillside + dried in a small temple. Before reaching this place we found by a small lake in which several fishing Canoe, were seen. The shore in place, was planted to lotus which were in flower, some white, others pinkish & very gorgeous with the setting of the green canker leaves. Few grebes were seen in the lake but no ducks or swan birds, the seas being too early for them. On either borders of our field grew many small poppies in flower, a small creeping net. Formerly the man was planted to poppies where corn is now grown. Don't no mention came to year.

Poppy's four species, in the case of a second offense, the death penalty was imposed. The fields where opium are illegally grown. Kingdon Ward has published about opium - now called the Land of the Blue Poppy but the flowers are really white or pink. We reached Hung-ai a small village in the center of fertile valley of Jim block country one of the head streams of the Red River. This is the first of the Red River drainage where we met all the way from Yunnan, being Yanshe, her following, close to the watershed of the Red River. The purple lanes in the village

During the past few days are not Chinese ball in appearance none of them are dark eyed? Many carry Dust in centers with small slate nose & fine mouths. The women here pursues their foreheads with silver bands, & ornaments the ears with silver pendants of turquoise, all dresses indigo blue, as quite affect grand stands within the temple all blue except a few two in white. (21) We departed from our temple at Lung-ai at sunrise (6 A.M.) in clear and weather! Our road climbed up a steep ravine with its precipitous walls, the summit about 8,000 feet & the mountain top 10,000 feet. The sides of the ravine

over thickly clothed by green lushest trees: At the summit the pines & ash were numerous. The pines were elongated long leaved Species different from the small and yellow pines we have been traveling by on the road. The pass presented the nearest view to natural forest & wild country we have encountered. The bush was very dense at the hillsides in most measurements by a variety of flowers. The method of computing distance hereby is; a league being 10mi or there travel. Time rather than actual distance seems to be the basis of distances as

the League is in Spanish Countries. Our usual fare on the road has been boiled chestnuts which we can buy in the village & walnuts, the latter are as good as our thin shelled ones at home, A large jam of apple like quality is also used by us on thyme. This very juicy but mushle eaten hard as when ripe like pears it is insipid + disagreeable. In the Pass twell below it as well from many small aspens hillsides. & five small ceders near the creek.

No large game was seen, the only mammals being 2 gray squirrels + a turpial. Many of the birds seen in the pass were species different from those of the route we have followed thus far. At the very summit stands a few huts & there grew, a large banana plant growing, evidence of absence of frost. The cochenut was here grown in fields, also red peppers, corn, buckwheat & taro. We reached at 12:20 P.M.

Chao - Chou + made Camp in an unused Temple inside the walls. The town is fairly large & hides behind some hills from the Tali lake. The south gate where we entered is very picturesque but weather-beaten & ancient. The temple we camped in was very ornate externally with colored figures Inside the shrine was red lacquer & gold. No god seen in the temple as being built by a private citizen [50]

years ago on the court of the temple were planted mulberry trees but now silks culture is done in this part of China the silk being derived from the Canton district chiefly. [22] During the morning took a little [illegible] viewing photo's of the mothers packing up + camp scenes at the temple generally, also some of the whole caravan passing thru the south gate. We left at noon for T'ai-ji, at six lemon (the south end of) the lake we stopped for minute & had tea with the salt commissioner.

Chines of Shangla: After leaving Chos, then we travelled down the valley than solid rice fields & didn't get a view of Tolai lake until rounding a hill & starting the the south shore. The great summer rains (4000 feet high) was hard in clouds, villages hidden partly by trees, once settled on the plain bordering the lake whilst the land is ploughed to rice. Many streams flow down from mountains on the west side of the lake to give almost a hundred miles for rice cultivation. The road runs some 2 miles back from the lake

where the stream run from whitish granite, + granite boulders from show the landscape. The east side of the lake is rounded smooth tree hills, often barren + shewing red soil. Several square sailed sampans were seen sailing on the lake. The mud was not quite lost of the reflection off the granite roads was quite interest. We reached Mr. Evans home in Taku at 6 P.M. & he kindly put us up at dinner where he met a local respectable who is

and of shooting came in & queries much info. station, Evans talks mandarin & captain, The interpreter. The mandarin was very cool & happy in his manner & is a keen sportsman who knows the region north of Li Chuenang well.

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23 We spent the morning repacking some of our outfit We brought back from town. Two large Rhizomys or Bamboo rats which I bought here from a Chinese. I photographed them in the court. They were very combative performers they came near one another, they bit savagely into each others bodies. After tiffin we went with Evans & Kelly to the General at his garden party. He greeted us cordially & discoursed on game animals, Philatelic dangers, etc. He sent us cigarettes, tea, sliced pears & grapefruit. Then we called on the local magistrate who visited me last night. His garden was less smelly & dirtier than the generals. He was talkative as I last night & served us tea, cigarettes, beer & sweet biscuits. In his house he had quite a number of potted clarypantus in bloom. Mr. Arena the CNS missionary was the next to receive us. He needed

the great abundance rushes at Tali where the natives upon request brought in great numbers. It flowers three legs for ornaments; one trained as a botanist by Forrest a Scotch Botanist who has travelled most of the country While we were also at Tamko, a rain shower presented deluge left at 7 P.M., when it abated. This afternoon we saw a Tropica running along the roof of the house at Evans Court & another one seen yesterday at ChaoCha with roof of the temple in which he camped. Running our trip across from Yun-man for the bright numbers of mushrooms of several sorts which we ate fried found them very good. They were all boat stocks in shape. (24) The day broke misty & it remained cloudy all day.

The chief mandarin or magister gave us a dinner in company with Mr. Harris, Evans, the general, the interpreter + one other Chinese. They were all very jolly at the feast + talked + laughed continually. The affair started at 5 P.M., 7 with cigarettes, + then iten followed boiled spiggette + sweet cakes. After this someone entered the dining room. The mandarin had furnished 3 plates with knives + forks for us but the other guests used chopsticks. The food was nearly all boiled in the form of stews. There were some hot courses. Each course was served nice large bowl center of the table & everyone one dipped their chopsticks in & fished out some food. We had some old dishes such as stewed sea-cucumber turtle- fish, sea-weed (greenblu), bamboo-shoots, boiled bird-eggs.

There were also crawfish, chicked, tripe & ham. At the finish boiled rice was served, soy bean sauce was served in small bowls in which the guests dipped their food. As a hors d'oeuvres we had dried melon seeds, peanuts, pomegranates, & pears. The liquor served of Chinese white (a colorless grape liqueur 60% alcohol.) This tasted like gasoline was served in small cups & bowls. The best pomegranate juice were also served. The chief amusement of the evening was drinking the most challenging each guest in turn. There were two methods in vogue which were games of chance but there was no escape. One consisted of calling numbers the names & the last hands of the two players were turned out

2. The player calling the total of the two hands wins & the loser must drink a glass. This game is played 3 times consecut- ly with each guest who accepts a challenge. Another form of challenge is played also with the hands of the clued first being a rock for the open traded paper & the two fingers spread a scissors. The opponent The winner wins against the paper which they make, the paper wins against the rock which it can wrap up. The rock wins against the scissors. The opponents make the scraps simultaneously as the that all their right arms at one another. 25 In the morning we went to the pagodas with Evan to take photos. Mr. Hanna entertained us at dinner. 26 The day was clear warm. We repacked much for golf and at 4 P.M. attended a dinner.

given by Evans to the Chinese & the missionaries. It was a regulation Chinese dinner, thank fine was an addition over the magistrates. The taste was not distinctive rather gelatinous & insignificant. Other Chinese dishes were sea-cucumber, tripe & bean sauce. Th guests were! The Hon Mrs Kreutzler, The gens French Padre, the magist rate, the general, a major, captain & lieutenant. It is related at Lark by lantern 27 Our carman left Evans' house at 10 B.M. The day was clear & hot. The road led thru rice fields about 4 miles back from the lake. More small villages were passed & many spook animals & loaded coolies & lots of manji taro mills were seen at more intervals. Great numbers of horses wandering in trees on the plains. Many ravens & a minor like the Hawaiian bird

Kites, Sparrow Hawks & Kites were also seen. The flames of the great range bordering the lake were stern with granite rocks + boulders. In places there were wide white alluvial fans where the mountain torrents entered the plain. Much of the lower slopes were dotted thickly by the raised domes of Chinese graves. The top of the range lay hidden in clouds as it has for all the days we have been in Teli-ya-fa. The lower slopes are chiefly gross covered with only a few forests in spots. The higher parts appear thickly bush covered but not forested. We reached a temple near Shang Kwan + camped at 6 P.M. Nearby the lake could be seen about half a mile away. A large willow tree near the entrance barbed a pair of turpises, one of which I shot. Thought was clear + cool. 28 We arose before daylight & got started at 6:30 A.M. Before leaving

About the Lake Shore stream Alders are the common tree I saw several squirrels in Acacia trees & shot two of them. Our road followed along the lake shore then small villages & paddy fields. We crossed the Canal or uppearm of the lake on a long stone bridge then around the paddy field bordered by willows to the opposite side of the valley. Here we climbed the range which was forest of trees & rocky. The soil was bright red & the rock formation throughout may hard gray limestone, builders of which lay thickly on the surface. The lake bottom is, greenite on the west & limestone on the east which is its boundary side. The rock formation there accounts for the difference in topography & consequently vegetation. On the limestone there was stimulated lupine rushes, vetches, a blue larkspur & several thorny brooks. The soil between the approach was everywhere bright red & tho pool greater red with mud

also. We stopped for lunch after passing over the range in a warm marine. The hills were covered by a scrub oak, o'ders + some bushes. From the lunch place we followed along the ridge of the same range + then dropped down to the low valley where Per-ya is situated. We reached this village at 5 P.M. & carved in a delapidated temple. Before reaching the village we observed that a bad lands or Garden of the Gods sort of rocks formation on the slopes of the valley here a grayish lava or possibly limestone formation was well fractured into columns 15or 20 feet high. Many of them but some had large heels like pestles & the rock were horizontally bedded. Along one of the creeks we passed the rock was columnar bedded like basaltic columns. The rock which I thought was limestone maybe a sort of pumaceous

rock as it goes nice to red soil & never weathers white like most limestones all tho it has the flinty texture of some limestone. (29) The night was rather warm mosquitoes abundant. They 2D net traps caught only 1 or 2 a large spring. Somewhat daylight it was raining, it continued to rain in showers all day. Soon after leaving camp we passed several Chumash trails situated in a deep valley. Most of the way lead over rolling or level sprucened mountain tops of plebeian. The trees were yellow pine & fir and they were separated by 30 yards or so & the ground was covered giving them a park like appearance. The country resembled that of San Mateo forests of Mexico & the San Pedro Martis of Lower California. No game animal or birds were seen in the forest. Antler was severely wounded,

at long intervals, we met on the way parties of Curie men & women carrying loads of firewood. There were brass gaynes jawed & strong cheeked dressed Chinese in appearance to a great extent at Pai-ga in the canyons I saw many Prospect holes & on showed me prices showing green copper stains & bright temples. At lunch we stopped in a small valley covered with fields. The dunes marched right large English walnut trees from which the crop had been brought. Before reaching San Chuan, where camped we passed down sandstone hills yellow tumbleders of which lined the road. The country was inhabited & forested, no snow mutes could be seen in the distance. (30) At daybreak there was a fine drizzly rain which continued all day. 14th, the caravan got

started from San Chuan just as the rain was stopping. We camped in a temple which was kept locked + was quite neat. The valley where San Chuan is situated is a broad level rice planted area with small villages scattered on its edges. The valleys we have passed seen from the passes are often very deep, some have terraced cliffs exactly like the broad bottoms of the Colorado + are about 2 or 3 or 4 or 500 feet deep in places. On the road were very few flowers or birds yesterday. Blevis ferns were common in two places. Near the temple I saw Tringletta bushes with fruits like the Peruvian apricot. The Chinese do not take their religion seriously. Their temples, are given freely to foreigners for camping places. Only a priest or two in the used ones perform worship, the people generally don't pray there. Many of the temples are falling into disuse. The

Temples are nearly all Buddhist confiscious temples, being quite rare. The people live in village even in wild country sowing sometimes to protection but in unenclosed towns due to their social nature. The villages are all extremely filthy, like pig-styes. The children are always dirty faced & often dressed in rags. Swamp seems never to be dryed by the villagers. The poverty & wretchedness of these villages are a mass of frogs fatterred beyond description. The natives north of 75N are much less subject to scurvy than those most east of Lake I. I should say only 2 or 3% showgotten. Sogama is quite mountainous rising to the altitude supposed for on the coast 20% showed it partially. The rain continued after we started at 9 am - so we kept going until reaching a suitable temple at 2:30 after 5 1/2 hours travel. No game was seen. The first were then, chiefly

So - cho - to village without underbush. In places I saw a slender Juniper for the first time, Many flowers were seen in the hedges bordering rice fields. The commonest was a pale blue Colembree. A showy flower was a many white Rosaceae 2 inches in diameter + green's on a small straight branch. A pine-fox was another new flower. There were blue carpers, & purple astale. The sides of the valley out of which we climbed were sand- stone, the road slippery yellow clay. Furtheron I saw lava formation. W.C.I 2:3 p.m. we made camp at a isolated temple in rice fields near the village of So - cho - ta. Purple laburnus or ausp dragons, lined the road. At one place I saw a field of white balsams but there is such a cultivated crop grown. The rain continued all night therefore no mosquitoes & marvels.

our surprises at the stations were infested. [illegible] The morning rush raring of the train continued all day. We started however at 8 A.M. - The clouds hung very low + no mountain tops were visible. The road led up a broad valley thru rice fields was level the whole way. There were quite a few natives travelling; some with backbans palm fiber raincoats + others of more wealth carried umbrellas. The women carried great loads vegetables + pears. Often a heavily laden woman was observed followed by her husband who was empty handed. I have seen no small damsy fated women like typical Chinese all bare handed + often very dainty + ancient Chinese in physiognomy. Reached The earoom reached Chikto at 3 P.M. time consumed in a small temple. Everyone got colds wet during the day. Osman served white mixed fritters, small rolls

snipes + grebes, doves, more mallards near Sparrows, Wilkies nina bird + kite, more seen. (Oct. 2) Temples make ideal camping grounds. They all have a central court where loads may be unpacked, on each side of this are along hall where the loads + the horses can be kept at night + the men sleep. On front of the shrine is a wide veranda where we can drive + sleep. & the inner hall of the temple is convenient for luggage. shrine courtyard hall court hall entrance gate Usually a few trees are growing in the temples in case flowers & narrow roots fill the courts.

About the temple reliefs at Chis Ho Draw Rules or Bramble growing, the first I have noted here. The chief thing here is the poshish of which all the edges are made. Long tings of them border the road for a constant menace to the face & hands of the rider. The rose tings are exceedingly long & slender & rush into the face & clothing with much facility. The rain continued all night but we started out in the rain & glare as usual. No mosquitoes betreed me at night, apparently mosquitoes do not occur abundantly above an altitude of 7000 feet. Here the altitude is about 8000 feet. The main use the word wa-wa-wa to stop their animals & she-m-m- or a hiss to start them. This cutter sound was used by the Peruvians to stop their beasts. Along the roadside greenery

"I namedly chose no more as it would mean pass another camp or lead the war. Thurmy her-heres brush-beau bluish-gray forest. We reached Inchiang at 2 P.M. made camp in a temple on a hill overlooking the town. Before reaching the town we passed thru a pass where yellow pine, large cedar pine, fir trees & oaks were the forest trees. The day was clearing to start but from 10 a.m. it stopped & remained cloody. We saw of the pines on the road, one on the walls of a temple! I saw 2 agnards in the pine forests. The natives we met on the road wore gray skin coats, with the hair on the inside during rain & inside when it was clear. The hair of the goats here's long & blade like that of yaks for which we mistook them at first. Many from trees loaded with fruit were seen in gardens. Fields blue with columbine were seen in several places where there was waste ground.

On the route noticed patches of maize in front of the house sleeping. Which is now white. corn between sweet corn, the yellow field corn has about 40%. Besides maize crops there are beans, indeterminate, hemp, turnips, taro + this was present rice (Oct 2) The night at Li Chiang was cold & without mosquitoes. The Phuket Pentecost missionaries however told us mosquitoes were common at midsummer. Set 2 & traps about hedges & rice field types & caught 10 carambles, 4 more Pachycera, 2 Spring lizards, house not interesting, 1 spring bird, rats, 2 small springs, 1 Microla. In the afternoon set more traps & caught during the day 4 Microla, 1 Pachycera, 1 Timpan, 3 small Springs. at 3 P.M. we called on the Phuket missionaries but found Rev. Cox away only his wife & children & another woman was at home. They have been in China

"For 6 years & have not seen European women for 2 years previous to our arrival. They said the natives here and Chinese at all but a distinct tribe which use their own language & both Chinese only when forced to by convento The day was cloudy but no rain fell. Many natives (men) visited me, one boy came with bearing a pet hawk on his arm, another brought 2 green snakes & others brought rats + mice. 7 Ninety rat traps were set by 4+9 along ledges & dyes in the rice fields and our catch consisted of 50 mice + shrews of each the following species: 1 Pachyura, 1 Mints [illegible], 1 Apodemis, 1 Impair, 1 Spring norvegicus, 2 Spring small, 1 spring rat. The natives brought in large numbers of Shrews & civets, mantigars, foxes, leopard, lizards, flying squirrel None of the shrews had cloules.

"Most of the small animals we have been trapping are cought as commonly in the day as the night. The same species were caught on the dykes as in the hedges. Some of our traps were stolen today, no doubt by the small boys who have watched & followed us. These machines have brought in today many frogs, toads, mice & rats and a live Tarpa. Just after 2 o'clock we visited us at noon, Mrs. Losh & a school girl Miss Bagnall. The surrounding country remains closed so that the snow mountains remained hidden. During the afternoon we had a heavy rain shower. 5) The day was cloudy like the others but no heavy rain storm occured. The boys of the Hichawg brought in 3 live Tarpias which were wild but not savage & kept for pets. They uttered a peculiar

squeaks when frightened & made great leaps. When handled they turned over as quick as a weasel were very agile. The natives brought in 2 snakes frogs & a Myotis. In the afternoon the Mandarin called & offered to trace the 18 stolen rat traps. Two old men from the sun-moon village visited us also. Every other trap being stolen accounted only 1 Paragrat 3 Spaygurus, a great number of skins of birds, rats etc were brought to us by the natives & the priest. 6 day raining without any sunshine. We caught only a few small mammals in traps set in the great dry hillside. Two of the turpises died during the night one escaped. Adults are not easily tamed. The 2 weasel organs are quite peculiar desemble those of the mole, the vagina being with loss a long

ditonis as in the Hyæna. This organises during the period of the male. None of the & species have contained embryos. I am surprised that small mammals (Paebyma murulus & spirimp) are so abundant in the rice fields here which a little lower at 6700 east of here there are practically none. The lack gradients between Jum- nan - Jun & Pichising a Tale I attributed to rice culture but it cannot be this as her rice is as extensively grown on the normal swamp. It must be owing to the lower elevation & some climatic difference not well understood yet by us. (7) The weather continued rainy all day, especially violent in the morning like a Dunkster on the Atlantic. The injers remained away owing to the rain. (8) During the night I had the thunder & felt rolled in the morning. A

In the morning was an from a swollen toe right hand which showed a tendency to bleed profusely. He cancelled diet for a boiled mutton it which caused them to be cried like a child but the pain abated, some boys brought 2 cigarettes into different from the whole of, last night a characteristic appeared on a small wild cat which we purchased and examined. The rain climbed in the afternoon & the sea came out for a few minutes. The mountains nearly were covered by fresh snow in the forests down to an altitude of 9,000 feet. 9 Morning dawned cloudy. The caravan got away at 9 AM. As soon we moved beyond the temple the same momentum & thunder came next night. It rised precipitously and crowned by several sharp peaks, or monuments, similar to the peaks of Mt. Lema.

The slope of the ridges so steep that only a little thin layer of snow can lay on the top peak. We reached the mountain village at 1:30 P.M. x completed a small village temple above the village. The place was pleasantly situated in a grove of spruce with a stream of mountain water running thru the temple court, level road was level followed the floor of the valley thru the bridge fields. Many fields were being plowed by horses, joxen. The plain matcha farrows extends with a wide angled shore, much gethmeras was made a wood. The open ones all yelks or Indian no canker being met with. After lunch at 4 P.M. I went to the base of the mountain with Li to set some traps. The lower slopes of the main is cheated by pine open forest of live oaks & maples. The rock formation was gray quartz.

I saw one gray squirrel & a larger & gold pheasant. Fine streams of clear water are from the mountains at short intervals, at dusk the Australian botanist, Dr. [illegible] Brown called, whom spent two years here but having been detained by the snow storms. (10) The nights were cold & clear but without frost. The traps yielded 10 rodents, one new species of agrodromus much like an peromyscus. Others were the Pseudochydra, small Spinning & large Agrodromus A [illegible]. Following the Mirrolets is absent apparently. The name of this village is Sseu - San - Chong. After lunch I started up the mountain with the two members of that group. We ascended the canyon trail, which flowed past shelter & it the country was very wild & beautiful. First [illegible]

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"I discovered a flat meadow near Timberline at 12,000 feet where one could camp. The outgoing Dr. Henri Deneulin was at the temple. He has spent three years in this part of your man collecting plants. (12) We had started yesterday to come camping to this high meadow where I had seen many runways of a small rodent. The traps set near the temple have yielded 2 new shows both of small size & the village boys brought in 2 more lots, one a myxotis & the other a jipistella, a Konwula perhaps. During this delay of the morning we got started for the mountains at 10 AM. The downslopes were forested by a small pine but most of the hillsides were covered by scrub - live oak. At 11,000 feet the spruce became predominant tending to Timberline as the

only fruit tree, with the spine of timber like were fermate junipers. I noticed on the way up a few cypress trees of small size but more than Armentigerous Tree. Near the Rectory, on cliffs at the base of the same mountain I saw many resurrection plants like those which caused so furnested so much amuse in my boyhood when revived by plunging in water. The cliff in place were covered thickly by this moss-like plant. Among the rocks simple, near the cliff and I saw some large linden trees growing, the meadow in which we are camped is an arm of herbs (mushy-druid + symetr seed). In the spring there is done radically many flowers in blossom here. The only flowers I have noticed are few agulatio + dark-jones we counted about 1,000 feet above

On the way down as mule backed & lost the martingale & crumpe off. Found a wish. The pieces of strap in his hoof & the wretched saddle still on the mule. camp set some 50 more miles trips. The meadows at little line are piddled by the brooms, of a small indent, allarming approach of death. (13) Today was a wet one at the dawn. During the night it rained & in the morning there was much mist & cold wind. A shot a fine 5 quail a few 10 yards from camp down from a cliff where we had set more trips last evening. The quail was held a boy by the legs. I after it was shot it fell down the cliff into the creck & broke its inside teeth. The coat was in fine fresh wonderfuly but the body came not fat. The stomach contents were clean. best thing & bunch of stems, quail a went on again with the trip. Shutters last saw another all the fresh tracks were seen. If other quails near snow line & cartridge in the more trips.

in the alpine meadows 20. Lemming libs mice & 10 large oared Sprolemmus no large rodents or shrews appear to live here, (14) Started at daybreak with the 4 hunters & 6 dogs to hunt sseron agoral. We ascended the mountain directly opposite camp & than when at 13,00 feet turned off and followed the flanks of the mountain. The dogs failed to bay any agoral but eventually at 9 AM I saw a goeral coming a meadow & disappearing into a wooded ravine. This animal was about 500 yds away so I didn't shoot. It was not not any great hurry but proceeded by short bounds or lopes, stepping at materials but showing no nervousness. Went on with one of the hunters but my dogs to find the goeral but failed. As we were searching another agoral

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More names - shrew - che - mee - cher rat - How - tyer bat - Pe - em - fan Porcupine - How - cher cat - Ye - mow [illegible] Tal - um - zah tripia - How - chan gruel (Stiza) Wang ya screw Sal - way

here, Some at timber-line are large as trees but wide-spreading thorn-like in habit; On Spring the floral display here must be wonderful. We caught many small Micrones at timber-line & a large card Aprodonus in size & color like our Peronyxus, [illegible] (15) A fresh bit from today: went serum hunting but returned at 10 O'c wth another good no serum having been seen. This good he shot as I ran down cliff sharply. the dog, I caught 2 new shrews today, one a new genus to me p[ar]t/ very rident hair & club-shaped tail. The other was a [illegible], I also trapped a Pachyura like the small one & look at the temple with valley. The weather was bravely cloudy, just the night was clear; saw Aldrovana bird yesterday. Bann Wern who came up stock-limb to one of the high p[ar]s, but he did not have time to reach the top. He said in my figure: The

but on the meadow our camp are in bloom &th[e] glordisplay is abloze of red + blue (16) I started at 7 A.M. with the 2 hunters & their 6 dogs to hunt goral on the forested cliffs above camp. In one of the high meadows at about 13,000 feet we found a small viper in th[e] a grany meadow which was quite cold altho' it was cold. We also captured 2 small snakes in the grass at the same high elevation. At 10 A.M. the dogs stayed a goral on the cliffs below so the village hunter turned the red hound loose which he had been holding for several draining as the other dogs were worthless. In a short time after the red dog was loosed the same large goral ascending by short jumps the cliffs toward us. We came on without stopping apparently concerned only in making the

dogs first seeing us. At 50 yds it turned down a small gully & came directly towards us breathing hard, at 20 yards it saw me sitting in the pass but it did not turn back but came on again at a lope directly towards at 10 yards. I fired the trigger of the 250 Savage when it got opposite to fence but the rifle was not cocked before I could adjust the hard working mechanism. It drive forward over down the cliff behind us. I finally got the rifle working & fired at leaping shot at it but it took no notice of that. In ten minutes, the dogs came up on the trail & trailed the girl down that cliff where they layed

it far below. The village hunter went down at once after we had recovered from our disappointment & though the drop map, the Rock at 2 P. M. layed another good high tower in the wooded cliffs too after an hours trip I saw a good crossing the open meadow and shot by short bounds at 40 yds. I fired at it as it rested a moment March, The second shot hit it square on the side & spread thru the midneys & intestines & fell & that man about way lay down. Third day however was out trail & found ped it again. It pursued it overacly the hunter menb down & removed it. This quire proved to be a 2 years old with horns just sporting. The stomach contents my leaves cherb only, program.

From Four Jacks remained barging high on the mountain. So we went in search but recovered only 2 of them. We returned to camp at Sunset. On the way we crossed thru a fine grove of fine Rhododendrons some 20 or 30 feet high, in fine growth. Beneath them was a tall growth of Bamboos, grass 6 feet high. Within edges of the grove grew several tall Larch trees. In the early part of the day I spotted from a distance foggy where we landed. During this time I saw only one good whil was in view a few seconds only as it ran downe nearly vertical cleft. We caught in the trap another song mottled Blind shrew which resembles Neurotrichus of California in characters. A caught a Brown Sorex also besides Apaloxmus & Microtus minor.

(17) [illegible] to the tired dogs we remained in camp today and amused ourselves with small manual works. The day was absolutely clear all day, the first we have had without fog. A heavy hoar frost + ice on standing water met our sight at daybreak. I caught another long tailed shrew, thrany birds, + the 2 species of Apodelemae. The village hunter went out with a 3 harnelled green & searched for the lost dog, he found it dead killed by a coyote where we last heard the dog bark. The other dog returned to the camp at night. These poor hunters depend wholly on their dogs when hunting. They shout constantly to them & roam the whole country, they pay no attention to the wind either. The dogs draw the game or lower it, & they shoot the animals at very

short range. The spears they carry are very primitive. The village hunter has an old smooth bore loaded with a ball which he fires by bringing a lighted flint attached to a long wire which carries it to a powder fuse connected with the charge by a hole in the breach. All of this action takes time so he must hold his aim according to the object in order to hit the mark. The hunter carried a crossbow which shoots steel headed arrows and also wooden ones for small animals. 18 Night clear & calm with a heavy frost with warning. A went south with the hounds to drop to the serow hamlets. He found many tracks & much sponging in the forest at middle time. The dogs started a large serow and followed it down the mountain side to the base. The hunters all followed after him

serow was encountered, only the tracks of the fleeing animal which left large prints where it made great leaps downhill. No game was seen on the way over. (19) We both went out climbing goral each taking a hunter + 3 dogs. A went up the cliffs above camp but his dogs were so tired from yesterday that they took no interest in fresh goral trails. I encountered with the 3 dogs a serow soon after leaving camp in a thick fir forest where several piles of fresh deer were seen. This serow let the first one bolted straight down hill, the dogs following to the foot of the mountain. We finally recovered the dogs by a long chase to the base but never got a glimpse of the game they were pursuing. In the morning before starting hunting I secured 2 shrew with traps: a soray, a Pachygnathus.

mounted camera. The woods at this altitude (2000 feet) is now brilliant with fall leaf tints. The dark green pines are mixed on the hillside with red leaved ash tree & bright yellow leaved beech, elms & maples. There are many red leaved viburnum bushes also which lend color to the forest. (2) The morning was rainy, a soft quiet rain falling con- tinuously so one could not go out with the dogs. I caught a Octoroon chief here on his steps & I got a new longtailed quail gun in mine besides many large saved quails & turkeys. The boy to whom formerly assisted Mr Forrest with his plant collecting has dveloped into a quick running mice & is very efficient already. His salary is only $8.00 per month his cousin the curly's is $6.00. Mr the interpreter gets only $ 25.00 despite the fact that he & all boys feed themselves.

On the afternoon I caught a brown murcolored & meased in scat trap, The Spacking & saddle animal are equally cheap. The hoods cost 30 to 40 cents each a day + saddle animals the same. I went again hunting but the dogs were tired & refused to work no anything was secured. 21 Wed another red letter day. I went as usual hunting with the dogs & dragged a fine B & 2 g poral. He also saw a white deer which the red dog chased across a wide meadow but could not get after near fit for shooting so lost the only chance we have had. The B gonal be shot than the beat as it cut on a cliff & the shock caused it to leap straight as still legged & fall to the bottom of the cliff. The g he found asleep on a cliff ledge within sun. I got another new shown a black large headed form like a species of Pachyura or croidura, trapped Sork x Sory mated murcolbus also. Day cloudy + windy.

(2) We broke camp & return to the temple at the village this morning. I went with the dog & the 2 hunters along the mountain side hunting. We went at the 12,000 foot level thru the circle or basin where A shot his 2 sprag yesterday. The dog however were tired & kept us followed as our heels & took no notice of fresh trails or tracks, some got nothing or saw any game. The forest from this elevation to timber-line is made up of fir trees only. Today I saw some of the trees with cones & these stood upright, under no trees are cones as in the case of spruce which are the common tree from 1000 to 900 feet. Abv 900 feet the character of the trees & bushes changes radically due no doubt to moisture condition. The upper level abv 11,000 are very much the floor with moss being a carpet of moss & herbs.

below this altitude it is dryer without mossy ground. Frog train prevail almost daily above 11,000 feet. On the ridge at 12 o we saw some small bushes of a peculiar square leaved shrub with bearing large black berries. (23) No big game was hunted today as the dog shunters both needed a rest. These moss hunters are good woodmen and hard as nails. They camped in the open while we on the mountain, I refuse tents. They slept beside a camp fire rain or clear weather. I am physically the hardest men I have met. T.D. Chinen are quite the reverse, I observe took little of any brand even in fine weather. The brutos set at base of the mountain near the old temple, produced 3 Providence several large sized mice + a long tailed kang arodeums + small Ebrops.

In the hedges bordering my fields I met with several pairs of Ring necked Pheasants + but several had killed more. They fly slowly but before I could get clear of the bushes they were well out of range. I only wounded those 2 shots. Weather very windy + partly cloudy like yesterday with a few rain drops at intervals. 24 In the morning drove out with the new hunter for Saron. He sent his dogs up the mountain + I & the old hunter waited below but. The dogs flushed no game. Some of the village boys brought let 758 Magpies which they caught in a cove. Screm Papistrellus. Many shepherds with their flocks occupy the plain near the village. Their sheep are all black ones with only three or four white ones. They wear on their heads long black woolen cloaks like topaz deplores. Their dogs are collies.

(25) Today went out hunting with the old hunter + his dogs. We went south of the temple on the flanks of the mountain some 5 or feet above the valley. Took a position on a point nearly halfway to Lichuan. The dogs however bayed not so much while down there (9 am to 2 P.M.) so I returned to camp disappointed. At 7 P.M., one of the hunters returned by the temple with the news that one of them had shot a serow 20 or away high on the mountain & that the large dog, the only good left in the pack had been killed by the serow having been pulled off a cliff by the infuriated animal. At 8 P.M. the hunters returned bearing the serow on a pole + the old hunter carrying his own half dead dog in his arms. The poor dog was breathing.

but showed no other signs of life & lay perfectly still wherever placed, The serow was a fine large one + was about 300 lbs in weight. One horn was broken when it fell from the cliff after being shot. On the mountain slope where it rested was covered chiefly by long-cared fleisher pine. Some of the large cones had been split open by the natives for the large edible seed they contain. While I rested at game several parties of women came up the mountain to gather wood, others came to gather & braken ferns large immense bundles of which they carried back on their shoulders. During the afternoon we had several showers. 26 The day was very foggy with a misty rain some could not go serow-hunting on the mountain. The serow

was shorned by the man, One horn was torn off the end of the top gate tail. For about 2 inches was missing The skin of the neck was the thickest part but all of the skin was quite heavy almost equal to elk. The animal was an old b with worn cisors. Glands were present in all four hoofs. In distinctio of the spurs there was a Lachrymal gland with an external opening on the face. The ears were long decidedly longer than spurs. The stomach contained leaves, twigs, but not a blade of grass. Leaves chiefly of aspen, maple & a smooth Myrtle leaf. Two nuts of hard small berries were also found in small quantities.

"The villages & cities in this region are practically Tibetan being marvelled at without explained gables. The chief characteristic of a Chinese town is its filth & its uniformity: all Chinese towns are alike & are moreover alike in every part. Ten square yards of almost any part is like all the rest of the town & of all Chinese towns as well as those transplanted ones in California & other foreign parts. 27 I spent the day before hunting in the range across the valley. The new hunter took me to a deep ravine or canyon walled by great limestone cliff with somethings on the ledge. There were 4 men with long barrel match locks with 4,5 drops of the pygmy type, smallest & short-barrel not Chon (Chinese) drop; the guns the men carried had eyeglass sights which they held

Mammals of Li Chiang 1 Pachyura - Very abundant both in the rice dykes & the hedges. This species is highly carniv orous & partly ate many of the mice caught in traps. No gravid [illegible] obtained, active day & night 2 T'mpia I caught one in a trap set in a rose hedge but I saw some in the trees or garden walls. The village boys brought me 3 alive on strings which they had saved. These made great leaps when frightened & gave out a squealing cry. They were agile as weasel & could not be turned on their backs easily. The [illegible] has a long penis like clitoris in the base for which the vagina is placed & thus her sex organs closely resemble those of the male. No gravid females seen. 3 - Microtius - Tunnels & runways of this rodent were abundant in the

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were trapped in hedges & at the Temple : The village boys bring many for sale 8 Scierus Two were seen with four feet with paws leading to hill ward but none were seen by us in the town altho the missionaries said they are common. 9 Myotis - One brought to us by a boy. A small bat like this one seen flying near the temple at dusk. 10 Mycterus - (Black) A specimen brought from a boy who caught it near his home. 11 Mycterus (brown) Two bought of a native boy. 12 Dilla's (Spotted) A small spotted cat brought by a tradesman who caught it in his garden whilst was prowling chickens

skins without skulls purchased of natives of Sydney 13 Civetta, large 14 ' ' small 15 Pteromps 16 Scandoplerus, large 17 ' ' small 18 Nuclearetes 19 Urna 20 V. ulpa rufous 21 Varmula 22 Cerulea, 23 Fidis, striped

Li Chiang. The town is situated on the west side of a wide valley filled with rice fields. Bordering the valley are pine clad rolling hills, the commonest pine being the yellow lutan. In places there are live ored pines and sprs. On steep hills the oak scrub is abundant. The altitude of the town is 8,200 feet. West & north high hill mountains rise to be seen. On the slopes surrounding the city marze fields in area occupy the ground. Rose hedges are the predominant work in the cultivated ground. Pear, peaches, oranges, walnuts etc. grow well here. The inhabitants are chiefly a tribe (Moso) and other men thin hair long & are squat & heavy in build to not at all Chinese. Only the Mandarines & some of the merchants are Chinese.

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Mammals - Timber Lince Summa Nisi = Ssn Shan (long-yo) 1-Nemorrhodens (Yong-he) Solitary individuals were found living in the space foot attitude. live on limestone cliffs only. They apparently never leave the forest. We hunted them with dogs and then only when thus pursued. They elude the dogs by I running up and down steep cliffs at times around open grassy slopes. Sometimes they look refuge in caves or along of clips & fight the dogs, in one instance killing a dog when held at bay. No note of alarm or other evidence of enmity was observed to emanate from them. They were found from 12,000 feet to an altitude of 14,000 feet. 2 Capricornis (Sal-way) Also an inhabitant of the high grass from 12,000 - 13,000 feet elevation. Two were flushed in heavy prime forest by the dogs but & jumped down hill to the base but neither was sighted. Traces & piles of dung were seen past 4.

3 Moschus Patches of small damp ponds be the droppings of this deer were seen in forests on cliffs at 12-13,000 feet. The dogs never flushed one of these deer from it over a broad meadow but a cold breeze of Cervulus (Muntjac) it to shoot- 4 Baron Henri the Austrian Botanist saw one near our camp this way up to visit some morning. None were seen by us. 5 Apodemus (large eared) Abundant in forest under logs at 12,000 feet! 6 Apodemus (small eared) One taken in forest at camp. 7 Apodemus (buggery) Two secured in forest at camp. 8 Apodemus? (long tailed) One secured in forest also base of rocks near camp.

9 Microtus - Very abundant at timber line above on grassy hillside where they had runways & burrows. Often before the burrows were constantly mound of earth thrown out, They also lived in the forest. Found from 12,000 to 14,000 feet. 10 Lepus - Observed in forest by a or two occasions in some spots. A few clutings seen at various places from 12,000 to 13,000 feet. 11 Ochotona - One trapped by a in rocks in forest camp, 12 Hystrix - One secured by the dogs at head of temple creek at 12,000 feet. 13 Blarina Talpa ? One secured at timber line at 13,000 ft. in trap or base of a mound in meadow. Another caught at camp in a trap set beneath a log.

14 Several trapped in forest near camp. 15 Forex - (brown) Three taken in forest at camp. 16 Pachyura (brown) Two secured in forest near camp One seen eating a spiderous in a trap. 17 Pachyura (black) A large headed short tailed gurus secured in the rocks at camp the last day. 18 Pectorius (annicolored) One 9 secured in steel trap near camp.

Marines. Ht. Sankshan Chang Dum Ntn. Village 1 Sorex (very small) Three only secured, in forest. 2 Crocidura (large lathy) Abundant about rock walls, ledge, + in forest, Carnivorous. 3 Crocidura (light brown) One only secured, in a rock ledge. 4 Rat (Spring) Abundant in the forest about rocks & caves. 5 Apodermus (very large) One secured in forest. 6 Apodermus (large eared) Abundant in forest, Timberline? 7 Ap. (small large eared) Common in forest at base cliffs 8 Epping (small) Mice? in rock walls & ledge 9 Microtus A skeleton in lost trap on ledge the only evidence. 10 Serrus - maple x Several secured in oak forest near old temple. Edge lighter than Jamaican Specimens.

11 Tmpnia - One brought from village boys, not seen in forest, only in village. upper limit of range. 12 Mycelus (seal brown) and [illegible] One small species brought from village boys. 13 Papistrellus (light gray) One brought in a lot of Myclerus from village boys. 14 Myclerus (large) Several brought from boys who caught them in a limestone cave in a wheat field 15 Myclerus (small) About 50 brought from boys like last. 16 Kermula (mycelus black) (One brought from village boys 17 Evening Morvegeius Several brought in by village boy but none preserved. 18 Colpricorns An old & shot by village hunter north of temple on spur of Sam Wt. at 10:00 or 11:00 pm feet. 19 Lepus - Two-oh (Morso) Pills seen on bare hillsides near temple 20 Cricidura (longed platy) [illegible] Two taken in forest.

21 Musseta (white belled) One caught in a rat trap where it had devoured a rat the previous night. 22 Crocidura (large headed, slaty) Three One trapped in the forest. Same species as timber-line camp. 23 Mus musculus - One secured in a hedge bordering a wheat field far from the village huts. 24 Myotis (black small) Two specimen brought by village boys 25 Elapholcus (Black Muntjac) One brought in by a shepherd who found it dead day after it had been shot. Toche (moro) Bear Buh(moro)

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See Skamiter Camp Camp in canyon of river at 12,000 feet all, surrounded by fir forest + rough limestone cliffs + ridges. above the camp rose fricked + grassy slopes to the sharp bare peaks above timberline. Timberline variable highest trees at about 15,000 feet but not becoming prostrate shrubs no meadow on high peaks or glaciers owing to their almost vertical slopes. Seen only in thin streaks. Rock formation limestone only; very cavernous, color gray + hard. No water in river driving to porous nature of rock only when wellington is present is there water in the creek near the camp. The meadow covered by dead herbs, very little grass, in places studded with bushes of Berberis a few

"willows, maples & ash took forest but fir trees predominate everywhere. Thickets of tall cone on soil covered slopes above which grows Rhododendron. trees grow in dense forest forming no viburnums, spruce or pine trees at this altitude. Clear nights cold & frosty with thin ice. Sharp chiefly foggy & raining, often very windy. Leaves of maple, ash, willows etc. Brightly tinted by frost, red & yellow

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a lot of Microliths for the first time today. They are really abundant in the banks of ditches but not along streams or in rock walls or hedges. This the larger Lichinury Species. (30) The weather today was raining & windy like yesterday. Scantful a new Shrew in the forest today, It had a long tail x long hind leg & is again spring from now doubt. In color it's slaty x grey with a long naked tail. The traps contained 21 mammals chiefly Microliths + 2 species of Apodems. The ratline hunters have been out 3 days now but have returned with game. (31) The traps produced another longtailed Shrew + one of the rare black Crocidura like those from timber-line camp. Some of the rat traps had a white belled mouse different from the timberline specimen. This one yesterday out the recipient of a large rat caught in the same trap. At Augments Shrews landscape was covered by a

Dense ground fog which lifted soon. Dragging net to the shops I saw two Cardinals, pleasant flydown from the forest to the edge of a field but they eluded me + ran into the forest again without allowing me a shot. Nov. 1] The day dawned disappointingly rainy with low dense fog enveloping the landscape. I was unable to get out to the trepartments. I am waiting for the bad weather. The catch cons- sisted of one more large headed Crowdura, one large Crowdura, & 3 Sprinips (small). The pleasant do not come down to the field in rain or fog but keep to the forest. The rainy season this year is very late, usually (the residents say) it starts Oct. 15th but we have had 10 days of continu- ous rain + mist + the end is not yet. During there today who has been nursing a swollen right foot tendon which has kept him from leaving the fire with water memory to keep the swelling down.

Nov. 2) The new hunter Today brought in a fine adult f geron which he had killed yesterday. The loop surrounded this one. I shot it at bay on a cliff where they shot it, but no loop were injured by the feron. The animal was within fat except on the intestines. The stomach contents was chiefly the juts of a crucifer, long + slender, leaves of a pinetree bush & some blades of almas grass. There were no maple or aspen leaves in the stomach like the 1st specimen contained. It rained quietly all day & most of the night. 3) Today the weather was fine + clear, but with a strong breeze from the south. The mountain stood out sharply, the peaks a dazzling white & every crevice was sharp cut. The traps yielded only a few common mice & shrews. Carrioners seem to be quite absent here without any apparent reason as mice are abundant & store are fields & domestic animals to.

Trees & Shrubs of Seven Mile Timberline Camp, 12,000 feet to base 9,000 feet. 1 Spruce - Picea The most abundant tree at the base, 9,000 - 11,000 feet range. 2 Sarah - a few seen at 12,000 feet in buncher thickets. 3 Fir - Abies The prevailing only conifer forming forests at timber line. growing in dense pure forests often. 4 Pine - Largesced an abundant tree on the lower slopes at 9,000 feet often forms forests of straight graceful trees. 5 Pines Mucroniana - Smellwood Common on the lower slopes in forest, usually scrubby & more scrub. 6 Juniperus - Tree a few trees seen observed with but perhaps planted there 7 Juniperus - Scrub -

A common prostrate shrub from 9,000 feet to timber line 8 Juniperus - Sequoia - leaved, A few small trees or bushes Seen at 12,000 feet on ridges. 9 Maple - A common tree at 9,000-10,000. Near creeks + wet spots. 10 Oak - live - Abundant forming forests at base of mtn. on rocky hillsides, at 9,000 feet. 11 ash - ? A small tree with prostrate foliage scattered thin forest from 9,000 to 11,000 feet. 12 Rhododendron - Tree - a large tree like form seen in graves at 13,000 feet amid live or bamboo under growth 13 Rhododendron - shrubs - many small species seen at all elevations 14 - Berberis - red berries - Common meadows at 12,000 feet.

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24 - Bamboo, Care? Thickets of small species 1 foot high were met at 13,000 feet & down to 11,000 ft. 25. Dwarf Maple, Ribes? A small leaved berry tree seen in the forest in many localities. 26. Scrub - Live oak. The most abundant shrub covering large areas on dry hillsides from 1300 to 11,000 ft.

attract them. 4) Rev. Kock remained until yesterday + told me several about the country, the Mono + Tibetans. In the afternoon he took me to one of the village houses so where buttered tea the chief dish of the Tibetans, I tasted much of butter which is churned into it & very little tea. Walnuts are also added + some spices. Another dish he tasted was tsamba, the staple food of Tibet. This is roasted oat meal mixed with the buttered tea; I tasted quite good, In the morning a shepherd brought a fine & black muntjac Elophus which he found dead in the forest. Showing that yesterday by the Solu hunters you doubt. The stomach of this animal contained gray beard chicken + afew wild leaves + aspen, apples but no grass

The Solo hunter brought in another old B Seron which he recovered from a cliff by letting a man down on a rope. This one had brown explite the first had a white wave while the second B had cream legs & only a trace of white in the wave. These color differences are used as social aff cherules but they are merely individual, The stomach of this one contained chiefly whit & gray beard lichen with only a feew leaves thrups. I caught in the tropo Today another Spuggy Sorey which had its shoul broken like others, There was also a small slaty or large headed Sorey in one of the tropps. Rev. Kirk held us Spuggy hunter is an independent Solo who lives with a few family on the mountain 12,000 feet where they live solely by hunting. They have asked the local Moro chief to for permission to live there but he has not yet granted it as they are outcasts from their own century

Birds 1 Raven - A common bird from 9,000 ft. timberline 2 Brown Kite common near temple as a scavenger. 3 Samurger - one seen near old temple 4 Blue Magpie - long tailed Small flocks seen at temple 5 Black and White Magpie afternoon seen at village. 6 Plain crested Tit - Several seen in forest at temple 7 Crested Chickadee many seen at 12,000 feet 8 Pine Warbler - afternoon seen at 12,000 feet 9 Chinese Jay - aftoon seen at 11,000 feet 10 Black and White Jay common in timber line down to 9,000 feet. 11 Phasianus legerus - Several seen in forest line. 3 shot near temple. 12 Borne - along gray grass with a whistling note seen in swits at timber line.

13 Thrush Hemit After Military was seen in forest. 14 Longtailed Angel Common on streams. 15 Whiteheaded Tree Angel A saw me a week. 16 Babbling Thrush Many seen in hedges near the temple. 17 Slaty Warbetch. Several seen in forest, 18 Streached Creeper. One seen on a pasture 1200ft.

Some white looned [illegible] above us, The Folo Hinters brought in another & Seron which had whitish legs like the second, They had slanted animal to bare through flones for them sides. The last seron met the dark shop or sirion was tasted very good quite equal to quail or mutten notwithstanding Mr Wm's statements that seron is coarse & tasteless. These animals we have tasted were all old & should be tough etc. The immelie must be very good meat. A shrike spblue a black & rufous bird slightly smaller than ours they are common here. A springstake was another bird which fell this quite like ours, The large white tailed jay or mutscaber fell victims also. On the early morning I heard a

7. Franklin calling, On the woods men camp I saw several small trees of Tsuga, or Deciduous. [illegible] the first I have seen since last Indian Summer, & went out to Sanheisen hunting but returned without seeing game, as the dogs would not trail any animals. He saw bear scratchings on trees & sometimes also scrow signs, J Kokoserven. 8 Heneh Sorytaren - Sun Wta Village The traps yielded brown hawks for first later there came a brown owl like Winterline species? other a large headed Squirrel. Saw the small tree squirrel size of chipmunk but could not get shot at it as I fled. On the top the of the long tailed Blue magpie was secured with the 22 oz, I went down to the Black Water creek with the Solo but saw no game. Resor red jays. 9 Another clear cold night & a bright day was one lot. The traps produced 2 ght large rats, a small smaller Apodemi, A colored from about two

the creek without anything at all Game going north. 10 At his wife went into Licking with Nan the idiot to cash some cheeks & get a caravan for Christmas them. The Solo hunters & thel old hunter meet on our usual up towards the snow peaks but secured nothing they saw a person on the cliffs at great distance but they could not get closer, I caught only 3 mice & I got nothing in his traps. after getting direct over with the horse & mofin to Blackwell creek & set 6 steel traps who & some a jopes. Thursday was fine & clear without strong breezes on the way over the ridge I saw several herds on the forest & several large line of deer. 11 Today I secured two prizes a chipmunk with 3 dorsal stripes white tipped ears and a small white belled squirrel with reddish crisscross mark

The chipmunk was the small squirrel I have been dying to trap & the one I saw on three two occasions. The white bellied squirrel I secured after quite chase. Shot at it as I was climbing a large spruce tree its base. It then dropped woundled to the ground & scampered off the orchard into a hole in a great limestone boulder. This party had two entrances, both which I closed & them returned to camp for a trip. This deer in one of the openings, leaving the other closed. At dusk I returned & found the squirrel caught. This one lived near the Stone bridge & I saw it once before on our arrival here. The 5 shot before for person Black water creek cache were undisturbed. Shot a chime jay on the way over madrone tree. Saw two species star

Kirberlue camp also, two Bullial were collected today. The common blackhealer & along crested brown species. Today was partly cloudy, bet clear at 10 am, while N Black Creek Dr we heard a great avalanche midday down the mountain side with a great roar like Cannonade and still quiet in calm to the west of Kirberlue. A cowlie came into camp at 2 pm from N at Litzberg with being a pack of oranges. As he entered started unsuspecting the red dog rushed from under a bush also jumped fallowed his heels between both man runs but no jumpings, a black dog attacked the two from another bush & then brought him up with a jerk, He fell backward trying to stop, with the dogs on all sides. The 1st Chief drove them away promised him.

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also caught the 1st for this Camp, Shot a chipmunk in an other on a pine oak but it shaped. The old hunter & also them was returned without any game & the two tale of 2 lost dogs. The folk are still out. The white pine (P. Armandi) is abundant here. Have seen places near the village, north of Li Chiang where the cones have been broken open for extracting the edible seed. These are as large as our Paddles or Pinecones. The tree is dressed for tarmac which is obtained by placing one under the trunk, thus stimulating the flow of resin & later stopping the work at this spot & pot are cut out & used as torches being then loaded with resin. The common black pine is so similarly treated down. (14) It rained a little during the night in the morning it remained cloudy on the way over to

"the steel traps on Black Waters I shot 3 of the whit bellied squirrels & one chipmunk. Both of these species are wanderers in habit for they never seen in places or Trees where I had passed many times on the days without seeing any. On the way down to B.C. near one of the forest ponds I saw a pair of Northern Pheasants & shot the F. I first heard them walking thru dry leaves then saw them running along a Saddlehill. The one I got was shooting heavy hemlock forest an it flew by alight on the ground. The Asuch Shan Chang hunter returned without any game but the two remained out. At this group are still in Kichiang. 15) at 5 p.m. it started to rain softly & continued until noon, then went over to

The traps on Blackvale Creek crowded on the brown more fell by the Honk Shan ching Hunter, The mare is an imbrand Jente which attempts to scale cliffs & trees on occasion when being guided over the land. She is a very daring spirit like & hangs dont camp unperfectly comes to the main when called. The steel traps contained nothing as usual & one large ones stolen by some small shepherd boy whom I found nearby but they denied any knowledge of the trap caused On the way back I shot me white dellied squirrel in a large rock in the forest where two were playing together. The hunter pointed out a thrush which I shot & on the large meadow I shot a Stretzed thrasher like thrush; Both morning I acquired a water men in depth mouse traps & a woodpecker with the 22 new camp. At his home returned at

sunset but the caravan is to follow on the 18th Kelloggs mind is still to come having been seriously jarred poor wretch. 16 The day was cloudy & cold but calm. The traps set for carnivores yielded nothing except a babbling thrush. Two squirrels a chipmunk were seen amidst the raw weather. I shot a Phasianus elegans today in the fields at Black water Creek & saw another at the summit in the pine forest, both solitary birds. The hunter returned today with a gy g Goral the size of my specimen. 17 We endured another cold cloudy morning but in the late afternoon the sun came out. The steel traps produced nothing & were taken up, On the mouse traps I captured a long pointed shrew like the species at Timberline Camp. I shot a new species of pintuck a small gray breasted black brested one saw another, a large green species,

The caravan came in late with Wm. At Black Water Creek I saw a pair of Ambush Phoeas in the edge of a field but failed to hurt either. They ran into the bushes when fired at. 18 We broke breakfast before day & + them packed our outfit. The morning was cloudy at camp with a light rain & a fine rainbow above the Snow White. We got away at 9 A.M. The climb out of Black Water Creek was very long, height the ridge here being about 12,000 feet. After crossing this summit we descended the magnificent forest of great hemlock & Spruce trees draped in long gray beard lichen. The undergrowth was cane or several bushes with some few o-shoot birches in openings a small cedar tree with both small dry forts may see. I shot one chipmunk near an open place. There was no bird life in the forest but Microlis running & leaping mammals, also hogs were very abundant. We camped 5 P.M. in a fine day.

pine forest on the side of the mtn, about 10,000 feet altitude . The weather was cold but not frosty, (19) The troops I set about camp contained Microties & coral gardens only. We broke camp at day- lights & descended this pine clad mountain side to the Yangtze at Taku. The pine forest was on dry rocky soil with some large leaved Rhodo dendron trees & other oaks. Stream, & mud size were not often, a few of the Rhododendrons were in blossom breaks no doubt held over from the spring. We reached Taku village at 12 the ford 4PM P.M. The Yangtze river here is a wide oval the mountains bordering both alluvial plains of fine whitish soils. The river has a deep channel for a portal down the pleasant breaks then the Suan Water runs in a deep gorge where it as enters the valley immediately below Taku, it enters another deep rocky gorge.

The soil on the valley sides is devoted to maize & sorghum where irrigation is practiced. It is devoted to millet chiefly with peanuts & some rice. The climate is warm & mild, the altitude being 6,000 feet. The flora found is like that of Java - man-jam on the edge of the valley, & many black-white macaques, & one Troglodytes in a hedge. Three villages below Ban: the largest Talum of about 3 or houses + 2 temples. The hills look like Moros, their houses are visible after lathing coffee with the men of the prize we descended with an happy trample to the boat landing below, where we arrived at 3 P.M. The boat was a small staff shaped affair carrying 2 oarsmen, & some engage each trip. Two Moro boatmen managed the craft. The crossing between sheer cliffs of andesite paler brown color about size about 2 or feet. The boat's first dangerously a rope along it, shore + the cliff side by one of the men climbing nearby the cliff.

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4 hours until noon. We stopped for dinner at some hut situated in corn-fields. Here there were about 4 families, some cattle & goats. The people opened very soon. The children played in rows. One little girl was 6 or 7 years old, entirely naked & associated with the other children unquestioned. It was quite cool at this altitude, 8000 feet but this child did not mind it. All this place the soil was bright red & the country sprinkled. Frankonia is now looking like yellow flowers. Holly has been, also red fruit, water-green bushes. Small gentians were in blossom of a light blue color. A very neat leaved thickly spring species of Berberry was common also. In the afternoon we followed a coloral valley & climbed up into the cultivated fields of dry corn stalks, turnips etc to its head at 1000 feet where we camped at the same fork above which rose a

Mars. 7 Feb - Hunt, Snow Mt. 1 Sorex - brown 4 Seemed in forest, prange. Saw birds. 2 Sorex (large headed) a single one trapped under logs. 3 Crocidura (gray) (One only taken in forest.) 4 Shrew (proboscis) the last day a single one seemed from Mt. Snow Mts. & prange. 5 Capricornis - killed by the solo hunters Trucks seen in high forest near base of snow jests but more windy forest near camp, 6 Hemorrhoides The old hunter went at once for Goral + shot a yyg of on chips at 3rd of Feb. Snow Creek Trotters seen. 7 Sciurus (white tailed) Sip Seemed near camp, shot in trees + on rough limestone rocks in forest. One caught in rat trap set at brown of large apple tree. This species were found seldom seen, only another specimen seen. 8 Tamia's 3 Shot near camp in crabapple trees when feeding, another seen on Six Oaks. Trotters seen. Usually seen.

associated with flocking small birds which resembled swallows. 9 Apodemus (giant) many caught in forest under large logs. 10 A. (long-tailed) also common in forest, 11 A. (large-eared) commoner mouse in forest 12 A. (short-eared) many deer eat chiefly ygg, + doubles pop of last species. 13 Microlis (alpine) many drunks seen in meadows everywhere but seldom caught in one traps. 14 Epimus (squirrel) a few secured in forest but not common here. Upper limit perhaps 15 Vulpes - (red) 3 seen by A clairons mice, but more came to an reel traps. 16 Ursus - (Hundlargan Black) hunted with dogs but none found. A saw sign (trees scratched + dirty) but not much anywhere.

Pch - houi - White Water The camp was situated on this Creek at 10,000 feet altitude. about 4 miles from the base of the Snow nin Peaks. North stream runs in a rather deep V shaped valley the sides coveredly forest of pine, spruce, & hemlock of land. The creek bed is wide + shallow with an even regular descent + no rapids here. The bed is cover by lythragony or whitish limestone rock which does given rise to hummng in places from the forest debris. Ledges + boulders occur through out the meadows in black spruce, Trees - 1 Spruce - common tree. 2 Pine (white) Armandi Open seen everywhere, near Mt. 3 P. (Black) Maximiana Common on the drier hillsides only. 4 Hemlock. Seen chiefly n Blackwater in moist spots. 6 Larch Common with Spruce on moist slopes turning brown. 7 Juniper Druif - fristrate Common on rocky open hillsides near rocky banks of creeks.

8 Oak - live - trees large common scattered in forest. 9 Scrub - live Oak, leaves spring not almost shrub on open hillsides in dense masses. 10 Scrub live Oak, tall growth common in forest as understory. 11 Aspen - very common in clearing and growth. Some turning yellow 12 Plum (spring) common in meadows, fruit shed on the leaves shed, 13 Apple - crab. crab tree bearing round yellow fruit, leafless 14 apple - large green. Few trees seen around here. 15 Cane - Bamboo - common under ground on moist soils 16 Rubus - white stemmed - aper seen. 17 R. red stemmed not many seen. 18 Bush - Blueberries - Common in clearings 19 Brakes - Common on meadows dead life 20 Hypericum - from understory.

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15 Bullfinch - One shot, only one seen 16 French Rosy Several seen in flock 17 Grosbeak One shot 18 Dyzel Rufous One seen at bridge on creek 19 Bullbul - Black headed Very common in flocks, feeds on crab apples, 20 Bullbul - Crested Common with last species 21 Nut cracker, Blk + Whit. Several seen, one stuffed 22 Magpie - Blue, long tailed Many seen in flock, 3 stuffed 23 Raven - 1 stuffed Common pairs 24 Jay - Chinese Switzerland 1 stuffed 25 Woodpecker - 2 stuffed Red vented Three seen 26 Wood. Redbreasted - 1 stuffed One only seen. 27 Wood. green large Seen once only 28 Pheasant Amber, in frost 2 pairs seen, 1 shot 29 Pheas. elegans 1 shot 2 seen only

30 Owl - head bowing straight, 31 Eagle - Black - Seen twice flying 32 Hawk, Goshawk seen 33 Swipes - Jack One dead wreck

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in Sezchwan. The village hunter brought me a fine Sparrow Pheasant (Lophophorus amherstiae) it is a beautiful pheasant, very gray with a Tail 3 feet long & is the finest species I have ever seen. 5 The mornings very cold clear with ice on all standing water. The traps contained another puppy Sorex which had its snout broken by the traps like the other 3. We broke camp at the temple at 9:30 AM, with 8 loaded beats, capable of carrying only half an outfit. Pem Kok was there to see us off. The village boys brought back a few small mouse traps which they had stolen but no large rat trap which they stole. They are all clever thieves & never commit any crime. This next day lay than the upper part of the Sichuan Valley which is thickly carpeted by scrub-oaks & streams by grey limestone rocks worn into all sorts of shapes. The pass was low & pierced, st. ground covered by rough limestone. On 3 hours we reached Sanheison, a broad grass covered meadow dry surrounded by pine forest. Beyond it rose the

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great mountains, similar to the one at Lichiang. The lower part of this valley near the gorge was covered hundreds of rice terraces but the upper part was devoted to maize & millet, the valley being probably governed a cold climate. The village at camp is called Ha-pa. There is no definite village but houses scattered in fields. The inhabitants suffer much from syphilis & also an eye infect ion which swells the lids & nearly closes the eyes. 22 We spent the day at Ha-pa as the country looked favorable for game. We went out early with 2 local hunters & then 5 dogs but the dogs were of no value true game no game. Our rat trap produced 1 Rats, killed Sarey (Brown Sorex), one silver mule (present collection) & a light Aphanius. Marschall Lichiang [illegible] 8pm Lith. Marschall.

The day was perfect cool warmth inside the tents. Ahmed forest visited us with the night. The forest here consists of very large trees, chiefly beech, oak with cane undergrowth & moss covered ground. Saw a new blue wood pigeon. Bears are said to come into the cornfield. We saw some of the residents milk goat, made of spirel thorns. One man brought 2 flecks meat for elephants to sell. Mole crickets are quite common here in wet meadows. 23 The night was cold & clear with heavy frost but inside we both broke fast on the step with a last quail hovering lazily above the meadow thongram. The troops settled I more made 2 sorey (large headed) / S swan (common) / Peregrine falcon + lap demons.

The road led across the valley and out at the north side, most of the way more than dry pine forest without underbrush, birds or animals generally. This pine (P. Masoniana) is greenish yellow species and the trees bark being very smooth, light brown-red in color. Many of the trees were very slender making poles like the lodgepole pine much for teepee tents. Small valleys in cultivated valleys were farmed for vegetables near the group type which followed in a general way. The days was absolutely cloudless and clear but cold except in the sun at noon. We have abandoned the oil stoves & use charcoal in this to heat up the tents at night & find it

After riffin we went two hours further to Pel-te where we camped in a deep ravine near one of the villages. This village is situated in a deep valley on one side and part of plateau. The land is terraced into narrow terraces for rice culture. 24 Spent the day camped at Pel-te looking for hunters to assists. At went up the ravine to inquire of a famous Solo hunter dwelled who lived at Burned Mtn. Helrips captured only a few Eling's monkeys, & the common small Eling & a few Dwell Apodemas. Very clear & bright & really hot afternoon when the direct rays make what necessary. All told not more than 800 feet party from rice fields & 'heat. I checked up the mammal collection today, We have 950 specimens, 75 species & 50 genera.

to Hua Shan (Fire Mountain) [25] Today we moved camp up the valley 5 hours to the forest men. (the summit of the ridge where both the Chinese & Solo hunters live, we passed thru 2 of the Pe-hiti villages just after leaving camps On each side of the road were ricefields or rather rice stables the cut of rice being hung on vertical rocks in the village to dry. The inhabitants stood at attention during & us. Many get as near skirts instead of trousers & some of the small boys were absolutely nude. Many of the 8 had long hair in shape of acre, They way climbed steadily, and at on where we measured 1000 feet & more (2000 ft above villages) Pe-hiti rice fields to desert country bordered the road must have until near camp where only & pines can saw many maples still in leaf or ordinary. We camped on a meadow surrounded by Chinese pine forest, dry with thick underbrush. A creek near camp had many hemlocks & some white pines & growing near, [26] The night was clear but without frost & quite comfortable.

in the morning we arose at 5:30 after the dark had just passed and went open beside a large camp fire. The stars were shining brightly. On the N.W. Orion was just setting to the Northward and I high in the sky being the great bear with the two pointers indicating the polar star which was just visible above the fringe of pines on the hillside. Our catch at 7 o'clock consisted of 1 Mole, 3 Minettes, 6 Ramps (Small) 12 Apodernus (small), 4 A. Longtails, +1 A. (Giant). Then two latter species apparently cross the Yangtze River. Species of Hiching Pter, seems to cross the river which is below Barrer. 27 The camp has proved very windy, gusts of wind come from every direction at intervals all day today. A went out again today with the local hunters & their dogs in the wind made so much noise in the trees that the dog could not be heard. He got now nothing. The traps secured the same species as yesterday plus the long headed Sory. The animal which deserved so many mice with traps is the long tailed Apodernus, Apodernus caught in the same trap.

Today I no mice more depreyed, the mail 28 direct from Annie's arrived today to my number, We broke camp at 8 A.M., & ascended the mountain road to Itzin Changu-tien. The road was much obstructed by fallen trees for the first 4 miles. It came thickets, spruce rockwood. After we ascended above this zone we reached the alpine where only fir trees with Rhododendrons made a clean forest without underbrush. This sort of growth lasted to the top of the pass where we camped at 2 P.M. Here there were open meadows of grass & flat areas of Rhododendron brush with firs in the ravines only. Birch trees were seen with the firs. Here too the Rhododendrons are densely draped with black beard moss instead of gray which prevails lower down. The altitude is 13,000 or 14,000 feet & the ground is frozen hard & in shady places there are snow banks & ice. No game or birds were seen on the way up. Petal pills of Microsteris summing are abundant near camp. 29 The night was cold with heavy frost which froze the tents stiff. The traps caught some 20 Micrasteris of our men farm with white bellies. Three

"Brawl from Porey were also secured,\nWe were surprised to get no problems\nor Springs at this elevation. Very\nfew birds were seen here, only a\nblue wheatear + a few larks on\nthe grassy hills, We broke camp\nat 9 A.M. + crossed the pass which\nwas bordered by snow-banks on\nthe north slope only. The road\ndropped steeply down thither,\nside then over grass slopes + fir\nforest. At 11 o'clock the bander zone\nwas again encountered + pine or\ncolts appeared here also. This\nforest led to the village of\nTung-ge-sho, composed of adobe\nhouses. Also a recent affair:\nas all the fields were filled by stumps\nof the forest trees felled to clear\nthe land. No choice other than\nto live here. One of the residents is\nclad + offered to quit us to\nmonor hunting profits. We\nmade camp in a ravine at the\nupper end of the village.\n30 Our stops at Tung-ge-sho spelled\nabout 20 mice, chiefly a rodent about\nwired godwings new to me, also a

Small Microtus nemoraean as alpinus, a long tailed shrew, A large Microtus, Euprepis (omitted) We broke camp & travelled down the valley where we met a telegraph wire & the main Ching-teh road whence followed up stream for 4 hours camped in an open meadow in the forest close to the road at noon. The change to Ruin flow in a deep gorge, pine & Spruce clad, from the road which runs high where its thither water looks beautifully turquoise for his Polo hunter & 14 dogs accompanied us to hunt while we are camped here where Napite are said to occur. Dec. 1 The morning dawned cloudy with a few flakes of snow falling. The traps yielded another Blarrie, a brown to large headed Sorex, also many small Apoderus & a brown Microtus. Many Tibetan caravans pass the camp some other with pack oxen plagued in with balanced saddle trees instead of the Chinese type. Each ox had alarge ring in its nose. The name of the camp village is To-mu-.

white Peih north Pei snow Itsueh water Itsin mountain - Shan black - hei red - hung east tung west hsi south - nan Jure-Hoa Little Itsia plain - kien spring = tung

Names of To - ames - lang 1 Hemorhachus - Saw 2 on cliffs above river where trails along, was abundant. 2 Cervus (red) Saw in area John killed one July, we saw during only one small erve + no new tracks anywhere, 3 Jeps - Fills seen everywhere bushy toppary hillsides 4 Silver Mule - A caught one specimen in forest 5 Blamella - 1 A caught an mile long in forest 6 Surex (long-tailed) A caught me in forest. 7 Surec (brown) several caughts 8 Apoderus (robust) many caught in forest near 9 A spot (small) abundant 10 Zings (small) 1 ½ Microlites (alpinus) a woman in needa Licking)

10 No. Sex Name 13 cunnas - One seen in the rear camp. 14 vulpes - Four sign seen on cliffs.

Tala Lichiang 1 Hsueh Shan Chang 2 P'el Hsui

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A went waspiti hunting with the Solo this morning but returned at noon without seeing any game. He saw distinct tracks + denery [illegible] for the kind of a bramboo sticket. 2) It proved during the night little fer the morning it was foggy some hunters were done. Our small trap caught a silver mole like that of Peru, 1 also a dongtailed foxes, two species of micosters (alpinus x ticinensis) + gelprodeums (volutus x mull). 3 sawa Phasianus legans in the forest near camp + A sawc chipmunk. 3) Sunny again during the night but not strong to make good tracking, merely a few them and larger which smelled soon, The morning was foggy until 10 AM I went out with 1/4 - ten John & his retainer but without the dogs to hunt waspiti. We went out the

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Protective gray as viewed from the side. It was so far away that it & Moose could not be seen. Fired hammer 3 times, but before whirring it up hill. At the shots it seemed puzzled but made no quick comment, simply took a few steps slowly & seemed being different of sight. We made below down to the position just opral for could not find it all. We tried bunching & waited a half hour. Later about 3:30 I jumped a large goril on a small rocky cliff which bounded away at bounds. Only fought before could get my rifle from the gun beaver. No evident of Gorons, bears, or monkeys was seen in the whole camp except a rabbit pile never everywhere in lonely hillsides.

but two rabbits were seen. Scarcely daring as one of the rocky points. The marmots, I believe, are still hunting only with bogs which they defend. They do not use their eyes to see game or go quietly on paying attention to the wind; it is hard to flesh without drop as they say very close. The last one we jumped the first fixed shot of the bone of the cliff (perhaps a 100 yards) at to frighten any animal but this had no effect. Storm only fleshed when we approach rapidly within 60 yrs. It had not. 4. We left our camp at 8 A.M. The ground covered with snow + snow laden spruce trees on the hillsides. The landscape of camp is white beautifully white but the sidehill facing south.

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5 The night was clear + wouldn't let us have much sleep. The troops received 2 boxes of 6 apotems + a large Epsilon (new) At 7:30 A.M. we continued our way down the river, the road running high above the valley floor & winding up each side ravine + down over the tributary streams. The valley is deep V-shape with vertical forms now & there hanging high above the river. In some cases the houses are built on such steep slopes that one side must be projected into dry posts. Daylight sunny but not hot. 6 We camped last night at the Yangtze at La-ma-foo Ferry. Our position was on a old terrace high above the river, near the village. The river here is wider & sluggish with a 2 mile current. Over the water was a grand view of the Gorge with the Sun Moon Range looming up on either side. This gorge must be about 800 or 900 feet deep. The river below clear with no rapids as far as we can see. There is a distinct light & shadow play + very deep the

bambo shooting rapidly, dark spots are few, of the land falling stiff & narrow & terraced, What was sporting on the lower bank some nice & supping geese. The night was cold & frosty much colder than when at Tahan, our catch consisted of several Spring small & numerous gas billed, Teal ducks or geese were seen on the river. A flock of 30 large grey cranes over sea in a field of bamboo feeding. Our route during the day followed the river. The tree growth at price on the hills with clumps of others near the river, it threaten still retain their dead branches about downs were acacias & paw paw palms. 7 Last night we camped opposite A-Bei on a hillside far above the river on a sparsy flat with tree trees above. The river here was wide with a great sand banks on one side opposite a large eddy, of rock

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At 10 A.M. we crossed over five large boats paddled by 2 men. Therine from a-shit to her is divided by sand banks, a feature not seen previously. The valley here is dry and under with wheat fields, bordering therine. 8 Gold Washing was in progress yesterday at four miles above the ferry. The washing was done on the surface of sand bars instead of digging to bed rock. The sand was carried in basket to a large shaken basket where the sand was raked with only 4 sand down over a wood shake board while the big pebbles were cast out by a man who lifted up the board after shaking the sand then it was sawm split. Bogal + 2 drizzing on several bars at the gangstone where a plumb brand at Shill-bn, a hair-pin turn.

We made camp at 3:30 at TA-MON-ho. The night was cloudy with a few rain drops. Ontroka valley way large Pachyana, Elongp (mulc) + R. norvegica, one Windasthly. Just a number of camels were seen in field as plowing; then are the first we have seen since Sichwaning. The cattle here are without horns but small like Indian ones now; the valley is given over to rice fields widely terraced, now planted to wheat in winter; On the way we saw a pair of giant lanergyes, some large mergansers + several fidda geese. The people seen in the villages are all dressed in blue serge, no other color being in evidence, though few These people are all Musos

"first at all Chinese features but rather good looking with large eyes & small saub nose & red cheeks - a very few Tibetan women are now dressed in short boots with whiteish red blue in their clothing & rain shower visited most the afternoon & evenings. We used camp on above Morani a group of rocks on a bluff above the river. The people in this valley are numerous every bit of land being cultivated & villages many. They do not however make use of the wide deep river for navigation or transport every thing here is carried on the backs of man or women or beasts. Everyone is seen with a towel strapped to that back by apron and a strap a forehead.

We made camp last night at [illegible] Sog-hai-tz at 4:30 in a drizzling rain under a fine grove of large oaks on the river. Yesterday while eating I witnessed a battle between a crow and a magpie. The name was pursuing the magpriet gently caught it on the sandy river shore & crows attempting to kill. When several other magpies came to the rescue & beat the crow off when the wounded bird escaped. The latter remained on the sand & the magpies close by scolding both mother species seemed to fear the other. What started the fight we could not determine. We broke camp at 7:30 in clear weather but cold wind blew down the river. Many geese were heard calling. & 2 parties of crows each one saw them two seem to be a lot of which are close about a egg of the year which looks the best.

lead. Several marks of half-frozen were seen, but they are uncommon. After killing Ashota & Mellard from a flock of 4 and I shot another crane from a flock of 15 which were standing near grassy bank of the river. The one I got was wing broken but the other did not return to its aid. It first went into the rain a few feet then turned back to the land climbed up a steep embankment over field where I chased it at a quick rate. It could run with great speed but was impeded by the trailing flapping wing. Haltered with hill & feet when I got near. Tail feathers gathered short & came loosely during the fight. I reached Chi-tien where we lived to wait for news of Yangtze. Here along stream flows down a low valley meets the river at a very wide part of the valley, a large circular flat about 5 miles in diameter the modern place we have yet encountered. The two villages here are small the land set to rice. Oranges was seen but no

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1) The night was cold & clear at the Li-tren with a full moon. Owing to the heavy frost our traps caught only 2 micents & several Springs. Our camp was situated in the middle of the valley in a meadow with corn fields & thorn hedges nearby. We reached the summit of the pass at 11 A.Ms & found it covered with a 6 inch layer frozen. A high meadow filled with snow occupies the pass as we had a three mile tramp across it. The brightness produced an intense reflection which could soon produce snow-blindness on the ascent down many young trees the foliage rather reddish at the look thin of them. There were just 2 brass ferns of the genus. The white felled general was also silent 2 shots. The pass is marked 12,000 feet but it does not seem near as high as the Phe-ti-one which had a wild fir forest quite covering the same. Three at the summit were spruce birch & oak.

but no Rododendron forest occurred. The maps said that they learnt that the soldiers who attempted to halt the at Chritian were simply trying to get baites in the mountains for at least two deady departure of these soldiers were remaining behind to terrorize the country. From its pass the whole country continued Westward Westward the sun capped peaks forming the Melungh Solveng divide which runs into a small peninsular, Eastward the Sun Nini. & its continuation above Aspav overthere only sun peaks north. The high Plateau with some man fields where Chung-Tien is situated was faced out North-eastward. Everywhere the country was covered by coniferous forests without evidence of cultivation except the Li-Tien valley some siledly below us. After leaving the sun valley to me found the descent to Wei-Shi dry & warm without man arms to the exposure to the sun, from the base of the mtn. we again met with the spruce & many brazil-bushes & alders. We reached

Wei-shi at dusk . It is situated on a rude hill a few hundred feet above the valley which is level , rice fields & a good sized stream occupying it. A low mud wall runs about the town but this is so narrow low that it affords no protection its merely a boundary. Our camp was situated on a small sprin clad hill near an old temple occupied by some poor people + their drop screen shop tents outside. 12 Most of the day was spent in Wei-shi gathering information about the game animals & surrounding country. The Catholic priest at present man was away so asked the magistrate to his record gives some information. We bought some 20 flying squirrel pelts at 50 cents each. They come from the Burma borderland where they are trapped annually. The dealers said they were attracted to fires at night & caught thus . The people here are Siu-ti-kemen but look lazy

The Moso + speak a similar language. The women blue tunics + short pants + blue frtan like handless. 13 This morning we took the road from the town of Wei-shi + over the range west of the place. We had already climbed 4 hrs. To reach the summit which was forested but sun covered. Hazel bushes were predominant at the base + further up were many large elders on the fern covered hillsides. Few poplars or cottonwoods were seen, at the summit were mixed birch spruce + fir trees. The altitude was doubles 12,000 feet. No game seen coming up. As a guide we had one of the local soldiers who carried a bolt action 45 cal, long barrel trench rifle. We reached at 6 PM at darks a small village occupying in very narrow deep valley. Here was the hunting place + we made camp here in what field the only spot in the narrow valley. The villagers longer work + seemed not be amazed by our destruction in the wheat. On the way I saw a tree with wolfi, like that of the peach but on lastig me fruit is to count many seeds.

The night was clear & frosty. On our way down the canyon in the morning, we saw many rock yews, large oak ferns & much moss & straggle on both sides. The monkeys however were not in evidence. They are said to wander about much & only come near the village when the nectarine is ripe. The road soon crossed a stream that high above the rock follows a water ditch. We walked a good piece north two feet above the Melung which could be seen far below flowing calmly, fields planted on both sides of the Melung's banks, 13,000 feet down there in the mountains, are near them. The people all crowd in small villages on the banks of the river. We made camp on the Melung near the village of Chunung - in at 6 pm Fall. For supper we had a duck & a goose roasted & stuffed with chestnuts. Yesterday we had only the blue cranes roasted & stuffed. The meat was very fine flavored & juicy, excelling duck or goose in flavor.

yellow sweetish pulp like a custard apple. The fruit is supposed to produce goats by the Chinese. Our carmen smiles are a very gentle but never sprightly. The sampras call them at night often in loud voice many notes like those for calling chickens. Their smiles come from all directions and ranging for the food which is scant for them. I was surprised to find so many farms in such an apparently impossible native country. On the steep vertical hillsides were cornfields & millet. The houses were built on little leveled bits of land just large enough to accommodate them. I should say that in 3 or 4 years all the soil of these vertical farms wound be washed into the creek bottoms. However I saw few deserted fields, the cultivation being all of recent date. Burning trees when new land was being cleared were seen in places. Old deserted piles were seen in several spots with a village near much further south. (14) I am on duty last night and do mean that my traps will be set.

15 We remained camped today at Cheng-lu. The troops captured one new mouse & micropigs. Me took Parhyuma, Erpinga norwegiana 3 (male) + 1 microtina weve. I went monkey hunting with a local guide. We crossed the river in two dragouts lashed together + then we climbed up the creek about 3 miles thru onk forests. The monkeys stopped were feeding on acorns. They des- cribed the numbers as large ones with short tails which came daily to rob their maize fields in the fall. We saw no trace of them however. The Naxsong valley is much narrower than the Yangtze & the river is about half the width of that. It is a deep one with olive colored water interlaced with quartz. The sides are alluvial clay with some red sandstone in places. No limestone or granite in play on, seen. The boulders near the river are chiefly brown + yellow sandstone with an odd granite + porphyry mixed in. The few natives spin cotton & the women gin it + twist & spin the fibers into balls of white thread. These women wear blue trousers like Chinese & these large,

written of the same material. The valley of the Mekong is nicely terraced into rice fields at this season wheat & peas were in the rice stubble. 10 English Ivy grows everywhere in the country along ditched & road banks. The English Walnut is almost every hmt & nuts lay dry on the roof everywhere. Both of these plants are of Chinese origin, unwieldy, we broke camp early & travelled down the river. The weather was clear & bright like that yesterday & for the past week. Our catch today was 2 Merionup (long) long-tailed & several Microtes Irene. On some rice terrace I saw a flock of 50 dark mallards & swamp ducks feeding on the grass which are planted for fertilizing. No cranes have been seen in the Mekong yet. On both sides, the width of the valley are terraced for a mile wide, the terraces being only narrow, only 2 or 3 yds wide. The amount have required many years of labour. The slopes of the terrace is faced by grass, never being worn by precipitation from. The horses in the valleys are all mud-walled with straw. It shakes with hold country rocks.

We camped at Nsiao-tien (little 200 plain) high above the mtn. Some 2,000 feet. There is deep ravine here with a heavy forest of oaks etc. to a stream. The soil is fine dark red clay mixed with red shale from which it is derived. A clump of bananas were growing here, the first we have seen. Their leaves were only slightly frost bitten. I saw me Empia near the bananas & a 5 number pheasant. 17 The night was warmer than any other mchwe had this month from frost fell. This place is 6,500 feet alt. buts, seems just among the hill as evidenced by the banana grove. I canight 2 or 3 new subjects: a large white belled rat, a large jubous bell, 3 spring + a black Micromus. There were Microtus jerue & springs (chelt) with traps also. The ravine here is deep & filled by broadwood trees leaves cheethy all with green leaves. 'The hills and spurs took cold, while pine was seen near the village with common grassman.

Our way led down hill & then we across along the Mulberry brook. The day was not cold early but later noon it was quite too warm. Villages appeared along the banks at 2 or 3 mile intervals. The little stream as we passed by many girls, children, parents rode all very ragged & dirty. I saw hawthorn hedges. Rice fields in narrow terraces occupied the available land near the villages. Apples ahead floated at each intersection. came up & returned at 3 P.M. & find the camp 2 hrs back near the river bank. Arriving the narrow road, an large pack much of the way had to be cut & a few places the road carried around projecting rocks. (19) A frost occurred last night but was clear & the day bright & warm from 10 AM to 4 P.M. We took tiffin at the river, sat with some farts when we secured ample oranges from several gums of trees. The marshmallows had very poor ones. These were indeed but frost is never heavy here.

We made camp high above the Metawy. 196 at the village of Hriao-ta which is situated at the upper limit of along. series of rice terraces which extend down 1,000 feet to the river margin. The other side across the way is evidently a patch work of fields up to 2,000 feet above the river. Along the fields I, behind other ridges could discern the same curved ridges of the metawy - between these, our camp was situated on a small level place in the road among olive trees & bushes. 7.9 The night at Hriao-ta was cool & plesant. My trip was not. The villagers gave me guard of four men with armed unit guns & cross-bows ev like those of the previous nights. I have seen no rocks in place either on road cuts or in the landscape. The whole valley is gravel, calamine clay, red clay & shale chiefly. For the last few days the road has followed high upon the ridge 1,000 feet above the main spring forming deep trough without level land, the cultivation being limited to terraced farms. The appearance of the landscape is that of fall rather than winter, the trees, olive, walnut & wilder

being clothed in yellow - a brown foliage & the other two, large leaves to being in green foliage. The people here are much like by Honio Map. Very few are seen with guns but the Moros but many carry cross-bows - all a broad bladed sword with a truscale tip. At noon we reached an elevated plain north 2 villages on its edges both called Tzu-Tzu (stone-step). Here there is a small army post & a 2nd class Mandarin. We camped on the parade grounds & while encamped the rice fields which occupied the whole plain. Slacks they were here piled up on the ridgeland trees which is the common method of keeping hay out of reach of stock. Elevation almost on foot, 1000 feet almost. Never later an last night's camp. [20] The shortest day in the year at this latitude not very short. Playlight extend from 6:30 AM to 6 PM. The darkening quite equal round about the year round. Sun rise is 7:30 & sun set 5 PM.

Walnut trees are the common shade 198 trees along the road, scattered about home. Some of them are giant, down seventy yesterday 6 feeting diameter lower through the trunk. One of the tree, which is now a pretty late specimen and an ash planted there with the leaves of which are now bright crimson or even scarlet in tone. These trees are excellent so that their color effect amidst the yellow oak leaves is slight. The trip was not last night at the caravan didn't arrive until dark because the recently of lifting loads them over rocky places and cutting down the sleep, overhanging rocks when the trail was narrow. Our progress in this valley is very slow, not more than 3-6 horizontal miles overnight with deep lateral gorges to be crossed yet. Constant up and down nature of the trail the river is bordered by cliffy sloping hillsides so that travel is somewhat 21 We remained camped at a small lateral creek where fresh B. hound dogs made good trapping.

Our camp was situated in a grove of tall slender pines on a small promontory above the creek, which the road follows after leaving the Mekong River. We are here some 4 thousand from the river & on feet in altitude, I caught a very fulvous spiny rat somewhat like the Ethiopian species. Also 4 Micromys, 6 Apodemus of small size, 3 Sorax (short tailed) 1 Sorco ( long tailed ) A caught a silver Vole & small Apodemus + Sorax. It went out hunting down the creek & returned with a goral which he found in company with 3 others high up on a steep precipice of rocks, but goral are also said to occur here for no monkey or other game. The day was clear & my wife's stomach contained herbs + leaves only. In the afternoon I found a painted jeron + a chameleon in the tropics. The Goral shook several days ago and had its hair bone, products in its stomach, apparently vegetation.

22 We remained in camp again today but our catch of small mammals was not up to anticipations, there were however fulvous spiny rats and Micropus 4 Stheno Voles however were caught & several Apodermus & one Microdus. I went out with Hotefa Holenja & the dogs gone hunting but we saw nothing save a shot one yesterday. There was some deer on the cliffs & a few tracks, but no evidence of any other game mammal. The cliffs here were of pinkish red sandstone horizontally bedded. The ridgelines were clad in low saltbrush & spine without underbrush & dry stony ground. The dogs were quite unrevealed & would follow no tracks. When we rolled large stones down the incline - tried to start the game (the dogs got excited at the noise made by the rocks but the wise showed no interest. 23 Camp was broken early & moved up the valley. A little way beyond camp the country became well forested.

Large deer were seen some bearing a remarkably 6 foot stinging fork. They have quite an resemblance to red sirs [illegible] but the horns white. Some no reason beneath them. The underbrush was chiefly cane. Oak & Sand were the chief trees. Morning cold with ice in the road. We made camp on a small creek at noon after getting over the pop which was slow one, 24 Christmas was celebrated today as we remained in camp & having secured another new deer, a small bird [illegible] ochreous, one with a very long black tail. For dinner we had two roasted milled stuffed with chestnuts, rocktail made of oranges, Chinese gin & sago, a chocolate cake of cocoa. Our dogs netted many rodents, moderns greek crabbed + small shrimp + Maerds (alpine), airman and the men came in report 8 large number of cornfield tail away. The men returns for her found some when we arrived at

the field.. The day was bright but an only a moon. Altitude about 2000 feet. The climate here is like that of Tibet, described by Sven Hedin; the nights are colder, cold of the midday hot with in the sun & cold in the shade. [25] We broke camp at 8 o'clock in the bitter frost & continued our way. The route crossed a series of ridges with cultivated valleys & villages. At 5 P.M. we reached a large village, Tien, Fa-Chen-wu (Chicken Crow) situated in a deep narrow valley without much cultivation. The town is supported by a salthevell which supplies the whole country northward as far as Tsi-chi-ang. The view of the Hankeng-Schweim divide today was a absolutely level range but as solid as a wall with a few model prominences summit, no peaks or passes were visible on the skyline. Oenltrap caught a silver mole a pheasant & a grey Civitium, but not more of the Oldracens mouse.

(26) The camp was made last night + cold in the morning. Our catch produced another man; mone, golden Spiders, elk, along-tailed shrew, golden mole, Marmot's + small ajudena. The route follows a mountain stream thru forested country thru narrow + cold, ice lined the creeks + in places covered the road. The pass had an altitude of 12500 feet (Bassett) making it very slippery. [illegible] nearly salt canons, both sides fork animals carrying great blocks of salt away from Sarchu-mi; Thru all is forest paved with blocks a stone later the regulation mani Chinese roads. The forest growth was chiefly Pines: mammon whit pine + hemlock, 3 pine species. The undergrowth was a luxuriant growth of bearclaws, Oak etc. We made camp in the forest on the road at noon + spent the C M. climbing mammals.

We stopped for lunch on the creek margin at Plite Spring (North Hotfield). It cleared up & I began roaming on the ridge, considering the valley but we travelled on. Stopped at dark in a sunstorm some 3 hrs. from the village. We pitched camp in a grove of pines but shadows seem 'd to set us back before darkness fell. The approach to Plite Spring is quite picturesque leading down a level road to some water wheels (flour mills) on the edge of the village. High above it, left our sharp pointed hill sets which Temple apparently held their high place at only 10m brought oranges, plums & peaches in the market for sale & The mufas brought beans for their mule's rice for their own larder as well as pork. (28) In the morning the whole landscape was a white mantle of snow, the trees & bushes being cloven with it as there was no

my a start, caught the smoke, and the ammunition going astray with them. Trailing behind the caravan & losing the way I remained in the valley until 1 P. M. when the soldiers returned & showed me the way. As we were leaving the valley at 2 P. M., we saw near the creek a party of some women bathing in some rocky pools of standing water. They were nude & sat in the water for at least an hour with their children crowded together like sardines. The water in the creek has ice on it in shady places but the wind warms quite near her. These are the first people I have seen bathing; the dirty appearance & want of them gives me the impression that they never were quite innocent of water or soap. They amused 20yds from the road & hardly eeded to see on the road. In one of the small villages with soldiers for supply the older men brought tea and Chinese wine or gin which they

wind with the storm. The morning has been bright cloudless & the reflection from the sun was very trying to the eyes. Our route led up a steep mountain to a pass 1200 feet high where we arrived at noon. In some places the road cuts down many 5 feet deep & these were worked on by many ladlings so that we had traveled into sort of tunnel. The tree growth at the pass was chiefly fir & Rhododendrons. Below the pass the round valley filled with villages spread out. This place is from a Kwan-lo-tu on Burn's map it is Chiang-mai. We encamp in the valley near the village. 29) The fields of rice stubble were alive! with water-birds on the margin. There were flocks of blue-grey cranes, glossy black-white storks, buffy geese mallards & oyster ducks. I brought

later found around four dark to keep they also proceeded between a pipe very friendly. A few miles further more met Sir win returning with the mule. I Mounted + rode on for camp. Every lot of laden women or men may follow ers asked about the camp. At dark we reached the head of the pass where a farmers hut was situated. The men entered it afterwards. The man offered us rice & vegetables which the men eat & then he supplied us with pitch pine torch. He himself lighted an way for a mile or so down the rough rock paved road which descended at a steep angle. He then returned with his boy without a light giving us the torch. He did this all without taking any reward & was hospitality itself.

Apparently was one of the men killed The whole line in that region is Talisman. The Chinese however are equally hospitable but more curious & annoying. We continued one way till the darkness had shaded leading with the truck & left a behind driving the mules. the camp was reached at 8:30 situated far down the valley in a small flat near the road in a pine forest. The troops set at ChiangLwei melted many marmots & Springs (small) but only 1 Silver Mole Yangtze (30) The day spent in camp during the mammals consumed days ago 38 of which had accumulated. Thanks to be sent to Returning China Chiang Chou for medical treatment for his lungs which have been subject to blood stained expectoration,

31 The traps set at Yang-tsen caught Microlus irane, Microngys + Epinegys (small). We broke camp early + travelled down the ravine onto a narrow valley of rice fields with the village on one side of it. TR Pass was a low one only 9000 ft. high & the ascent gradual thru pine, oak & bamboo undergrowth. We reached the town of Chien-Chuen about 3 P.M. The town is surrounded by a rectangular wall of granite, well built & in good preservation. Our camp was pitched in front of a temple outside the wall with rice fields. Below the town about 5 miles there is a large circular lake about 4 miles in diameter. We hunted near nowhere in the late PM. A shot at 3 teal geese + one mallard. We saw many larks, gulls & blackbird's & white wryled bitterns. The night was clear & frosty with a half moon. Jan. 1 Our New Year was celebrated with a dinner of roast duck & Chinese wine orange cocktails. They was employing travelling from

Chuen - Chuen chon to Mu-i - Pai in the Valley of Taki-fur-Soke - On our way over we met with many waterfowl in the rice fields, chief Chuen chon. There were 2 varieties of geese, large white ones like the emperor goose, one of which we shot to smaller gray species. Flock of crans measured + 9 shot 2 with meshes of to 25 Savage out of a flock of 8. They are Sherman's crans, smaller than those shot on the Yangtze & with white cheeks + sides of head. From the Tah plain the person geta Sim with them, stood at distance here and there as further north across the Yangtze. Last evening at sunset these same peaks were filled a beautiful amethyst by the setting sun. After leaving the valley we entered the hill spurred from town forest over a long bundle of 200 feet to make camp at the other side near the foot of the slope near Mu-i-Pai village. The formation of this range is gray hard stone, the first we have met with and leaving the Mekong valley it's whitish which are all sandstone, shale or igneous rocks.

(2) Our camp in the reserve above Maui has more quiet warmth without heavy frost. Caught in the traps 2 new species, one like Spring (small) in appearance but naked ears + white soled feet; the other a small light gray rodent with a shortish tail. Most of the mice were Microtus sp. & one Apodemus (large kind). During the day I shot 2 Tinpees in roadside hedges + saw 1 red-bellied squirrel on a tree. I shot 6 pigeons—a gray one with speckled throatband + reddish wing coverts. They occurred in small flocks in the rice fields. We saw water found only in one place at noon. There were several flocks of Bernacle geese, many tawny geese + small white gull in flooded rice fields. A few blue heron, + glossy black stork seen also jack snipes on stream margins. A common bird here is the black crested myna which is often seen sitting on houses + trees—carbon like our crowbird. Another myna which is common is the plum-colored yellow-billed species like that introduced in Hawaii.

The common brid calls the black white magpie + the rare ones which everwhere in fields, we shot 3 samples of ducks in a pond near our camp at Sanbeitzyn. On the road we met a party of Tibetan. There were 4 men + several women. The men looked very strangely each others. They wore red woven trousers + great leather boots, one carried a little blue trumpet + silly peaked hat of small size. The women carried apples on their backs wore the same sort of boots + glided along stonically. We passed at 4:30 PM that arrested person in brown on treeless + dry + denuded with the brick red soil showing in many places. It was a depopulated area in which cultivation was once prevalent, the tall fur range could be seen all day snow covered for half its height now when in Septem. It was smokeless. At 4:30 we passed three villages where the people were assembled on a large market day with the hum of voices at this late hour, & front the entrance of the main street was erected a great wall of solid granite to keep

But evil spirits, most of them straight in Chinese turn as many carved as a protection against devils which travel only in a straight line. I have seen these flat walls on front of home temples. The better homes here are under round bricks contrast by white plaster on which is marked a brick pattern in grey with figures of animals or Greek designs near the gable. 2 We made camp at a dry slope for service just above a village. Night windy & cold. 3 Our road followed down the ravine then the village & then along a large canal which carried the waters of a stream down a canyon & on to a large plain ahead of Tulipar lake. At the mouth of the canon a hot spring was seen in the rice fields with steam rising from it. Several women were washing clothes here & some men were bathing farther down in the warm water. The road followed the banks of the canal when above high above the rice fields & could be traced from the plain, big water fowl were seen seen in the fields Mr. Strophet, certifying on sight.

the head of Tali for Lake Anabone afternoon we reached the large Dragon Spring with a flat field & trees which we had seen on our way out. We made camp at the roadside. (4) Our trips caught Micadoes, mere Swings (squirrel) Springs (quaything) & Bachelura. Several Red-bellied spidies were seen here & Probably A. At daylight we went to goe shooting in that field near the lake. I went out in a boat with a fisherman & got 8 geese. Two of them shot on the way chance with No. 8! The other men shot with 4+6. I gave fentel shot one green winged, many small grebes were seen also black cormorants & small white gulls. Plots of legumole cranes were also seen. The geese were not mild all of them being scared by putting the boat to them & shooting as they rose above the water. Our camping place is known as the Dragon Spring & has a plume erected near its riser. It comes forth under limestone rocks.

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112 A large bush forms an irrigation stream for the fields. When I was there in September the trees (lemon, orange etc) were green with foliage but now they are bare. A tree is just blooming -- a pink flamed plum tree but the flower are longtuticular + not much like the white plum blossoms of our fruit trees. The leaves are developed already + quite cherry-like. This is my first evidence of Spring. 5 The night was fairly comfortable, network evident frost. The traps carried more Padagora minutus + a large white bellied rat allied to Epinops, Melbourne camp & travelled into Talifin. The day was clear + warm & many travellers were on the road going north. The rice fields were brown with stubble, except those planted to Sophoraceae.

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our outfit left at Evans Lodge. Hamra came in while we were there, & gave us a full account of the European war since our departure