Acorn woodpecker species accounts, v4457

Mumme, Ronald L., 1954-

Unknown

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

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Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

Acorn woodpecker Acorn woodpecker--Behavior--California Hastings Natural History Reservation (Calif.)

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R.L. Mumme 1983 Hastings Reservation Melanerpes formicivorus

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1983 A.C. Mumme ① Melanerpes formicivorus SNAKE EXPERIMENTS Plague 3 June Start 1035: Gopher snake tied to branch about 1 meter below nest hole Nest stage -- eggs, ~8 days Time to discovery 26:50 minutes Found # by ♂521. Let run 10 min after discovery Intensity Persistence % of 10 min intervals within 5 meters ♂521 5 100% ♀494 3 30% ♀496 3 30% ♂721 0 0 Not seen ♂723 0 0 Not seen ♂521 dove, swooped, + struck the snake unabated throughout the 10 min. ♀♀ perched near the hole + karritted, but never dove on the snake. 0 -- No response 1 -- Vocalizations, no approach within 5m 2 -- " approach within 5m 3 -- " " " 1m 4 -- Brief contact, ⬤ <5 times 5 -- extensive contact ≥5 time

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1983 R.L. Mumme M. formicivorus SNAKE EXPERIMENTS Road 3 3 June Start 1315 : Gopher snake tied to branch opposite + behind nest branch, ~1 meter distant Nest stage: 2 Nestlings, ~15 days old. Time to discovery: 8:54, ♂654 finds snake. Let run 5 min only (snake looked like it was in trouble Intensity Persistence ♀265 0 0 Not seen ♂654 4 100% ♀710 4 80% ♂792 0 0 Not seen ♀794 0 0 Not seen ♂654 made 4 contact passes at snake ♀710 came in 2 min later, made 2 passes. No sign of the other adults.

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1983 R.L. Mumme M. formicivorus SNAKE EXPERIMENTS 1500 3 June Start 1415: Gopher snake tied to [illegible] nest branch, above + slightly below hole, ~ .75 m away from nest hole. (Snake very inert, wiped out). Nest stage: 3 eggs, ~ 8 days old Time to discovery: [illegible] 17:55, ♀601 entered hole showing no interest in snake 31:45 ♂297 replaces ♀601 no interest. ♂297 leaves 45 56:20, ? entry, obviously saw snake, no response. Intensity Persistence ♂297 0 6 ♂622 0 0 Not seen ♀601 0 0 ♀818 0 0 Not seen

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1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Chongo 6 Jan Watching from Buckeye, 1230-1300, I see the ♂NB and ♀ dark left eye in the granary, but nobody else. Juv 801, not seen since the day he fledged, must certainly be gone. The 2 birds flew across Mudro-e Canyon toward Buckeye at 1300. 17 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** 1982 J801 disappeared 20 July ± 1 Month. Last seen fledging by Molly 20 June. Probably gone when I watched there 16 Aug. 8 March While wandering around Buckeye looking for Buckeye birds, I pick up a ♂NB and a ♀NB with a dark left eye in the flat below (north) of the 79 Buckeye nest hole. Certainly these are the Chongo birds. 9 May Surprise, surprise! After flushing a bird out of the 82 nest hole in the granary, at 1630 I climb up and find 7 eggs (!) including 1 raut (!!), leading me to suspect strongly that there is more than 1 dark left eye here. Eggs quite fresh ~1day @ De-ise reports SHILL 9Q753+755 here. 22 May Nest check, 1515. Of the 7 eggs, (1 raut, 1 used in thermocouple probe,) 5 had a chance to hatch, I found 2 nestlings ~1day, 2 unhatched + apparently infertile eggs, and 1 egg with still a chance of hatching. This clutch hatched late, because incubation was apparently delayed for a day or two here (see Walter's notes June Walter reports failure, dead nestling in hole, absence of acorns,

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1983 R.C.Munne 2 M. formicivorus Chango 29 June ** GROUP UPDATE ① ♀NB dark left eye disappeared 8 April 1983 ± 1 month Last seen at Chango 8 March, certainly gone by 9 May (the clutch of 7 eggs found, but probably gone before that). ② ♀753+ ♀7505 moved here as 1st year birds, 20 April 1983 ± 2 weeks -- Last seen at School Hill by Philip 6 April, first at Chango 10 May, but probably there by 20 April. Chango ABANDONED fall 83

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1983 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Buckeye Hastings Reservation BRK/CB1-Red 6 Jan Walked up here, 0930. As I walk up, I see 9666 chase a 9NB mildly from the granary. The 9NB flew to a tree just 10 m from the granary, but 9666 did not pursue. However, 15 m later the 9NB returned to the granary, whereupon 9666 chased her again. This provides some insight into why a new 9 has not immigrated here. Looks like we could have inbreeding. Also a 9m/ was nearby during the above chases, and he showed no response 1130 Whoa in the granary together are 9666, unt/D6rn./Green and a 9NB! Maybe there is a new 9! 9666 took a brief peck and ukt at the 9NB, but then they sat peacefully together for a min before the 2 banded 99 flew off, and 9NB followed. At worst, it looked like a domestic squabble. Otherwise, very slow here. 9 252 confirmed, but that's all. will have to try again later, and see if this 9 is indeed in the group. 1200, 9NB is back, alone in the granary, looking very much at home. 17Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** 1982 ① 9483 disappeared 10 May ± 1 week A 9 looking out of the nest 1May was probably her. Nethad failed by 24 May, and 9483 never seen after. Last confirmed sighting was 16 Oct 1981 ② 9NB (876) moved here 20 Nov 1982 ± 1 month Definitely not present 5 Oct, First seen here 6 Jan 83

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1983 R.C. Mumme 2 Melanerpes formicivorus Buckeye 20 Feb Watching from blind, 0950: Beautiful, warm, sunny day, 1150, Very slow, only ♂252 and ♀666 seen. Those Two fairly conspicuous, even though not a trace of any other birds. 8 March Perhaps foolishly, I try here again, also 0950 or so beautiful sunny day. 1120, Finally, ♂252 and ♀1876 No bands put in a brief appearance. So there is a new UBP at Buckeye! She and ♂252 pecked together in the granary quite happily albeit ~3 meters apart. I'm starting to wonder about ♂234 and the other ♂ helpers, ♂663 + ♂665. ♂665 used to be about the most conspicuous bird here. 1240, After wandering around to the NE (past the 79 nest hole) on the ridge beyond the 79 hole I finally pick up ♀664 White /O6in-Clear ♀666 Black/CBlue-Rq and ♂663 M/O6in-BPkt(N) So they are still around. Are they still group members, or have they been forced to the periphery by the new ♀ and ♂252 (I suspect the former). Also, what about ♂234 and ♂665? They may be gone, but more watching clearly needed here 13 March One last time, 1700 till dark. 1745, doing better! At one point QNB, ♂252 ♀666, ♂663 all in the granary! ♀666, ♂663 ad QNB all perched together, with no sign of unrest. I'm now 95% sure that ♂234 and ♂665 have indeed disappeared. 1800, Another bout of activity with ♀664 plus the 4 above. I'm sure that this is a complete census

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1983 R.L. Munne 3 Melanerpes formicivorus Buckeye 5 April Group update ** ① ♂234 + ♂665 disappeared 20 Nov 1982 ± 1 month Last seen 5 Oct, both missing 6 Jan. 18 April Watching here, 1545, for signs of mate guarding by ♂252 and (hopefully) ♂663. 1730, pretty good watch. ♂252, ♂663, ♀664, ♀NB all seen well. Co-ly ♀666 seen recently at the Blomone Power struggle) is missing. Certainly no evidence of mate guarding. ♀NB spent long periods alone and once moved away for ♂252, who failed to follow. ♂252 also spent long periods alone, and once moved away from ♀NB. The only worrisome thing is that I never saw the bird in the gravity: When they were around, they were always in the tops of the Valley Oak to the south of the gravity. Several times I saw ♀NB + ♂252 fly off to the south from that tree, and I saw ♀NB + ♂252 together only briefly. Could they have a nest already? I will go look around over there. 3 June After Denise reports birds in the low gravity hole, I hope it up & find 5 eggs including one crust, ~8 days old. This is probably Buckeye's second nest. See Susan's + Denise's notes 29 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂665 returned ~ 1 May 1983 -- first seen by Susan on 5 May

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1983 R.L. Mumme 4 M. formicivorus Buckeye 31 July Watching here, 1640: 1740, Nothing. I also check upon all the holes (just in case) but nothing there, either. 7 Aug Finally, a good watchup here 0710-0840. Here are the highlights: ① ♂252, ♀N13, ♀664 +♂665 all seen very well ② The bad news is that ♂252 has lost his left (metal banded) leg, so he is now a look-alike of ♂58 at Wgate. Too bad, but he seemed to be getting along OK without it. However, that may explain why Buckeye's two nests (or at least one) failed. ③ A UR Juvenile was hanging around getting chased a bit, but he clearly did not belong to Buckeye. ④ 0840, Seen the above 4 birds several times now, + nobody else. All 4 together in the granary at 0830: ♀666 (not seen since March) must certainly be gone, ♂663 probably so. Buckeye not abandoned fall '83. By spring 84, contained only ♂252 and ♂665

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1983 R.L. Murme M. formicivorus Buechye NEST RECORD 3 June Recopend old 81 nest hole (low hole in gra-a-y) 0830: 5 eggs, one a runt, ~8 days old 1 July Here to bad nestlings 1130, I find nest completely empty

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1983 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque Hastings Reservation 17 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ♂660 moved to Pipeline 10 Sept 1982 ± 1 month Last seen at Plaque 16 Aug, missing 5 Oct, First seen at Pipeline 27 Oct. ♂724 disappeared ~ 10 Sept 1982 ± 1 month Last seen at Plaque 16 Aug, gone by 5 Oct. 19 Feb Watching here, 1430 - 1600: ♂521, ♂494, ♂496, ♂721, ♂723 all seen well and repeatedly, but conspicuously absent was ♂473! No sign of him in the 1½ hours. Not totally convinced he's gone, but it doesn't look good. 3/March First spring granary census, and first watch to see of any sign of nesting. [illegible] Doesn't look like nesting is imminent. ♂521 + ♂494 acted quite independent of each other (although that may not mean anything now that ♂473 is gone) and no evidence of interest in any holes (although the birds spent about 20 min around MacRoberts. All 5 seen well plus two interesting intruders: ♀787 Red-yellow/M Yel-wht / Red-wht 1800 ad ♂710 D6m/M of Road 3. 4April Routine granary census, on back. All 5 birds seen. Also, Plague has a new nest hole under construction, in the 20th granary facing the creek. A nice hole. 1500, I climb up and peep in, no eggs, but starting to look pretty good. Very thick wood, unfortunately, but the hole doesn't look too deep. I'll have to open it soon.

31 March 1983. Plague granary watch defe-st 1350 9496 9494 10 | 8524 20 55 9494 10 | 8521 20 | 8723 30 1400 8723 ws 8521 9494 10 | 8521 20 05 8723 ws 9494 10 | 8521 20 16 8723 9494 8521 10 | 15 " " " | 20 9494 10 25 8521 10 30 8521 wh 10 | 35 8521 10 | 40 " " 10 | 45 " " 10 | 50 nobody | 55 H 1500 9494 10 05 " " 8723 8721 10 | 9496 20 15 8723 8721 10 | 9494 9496 20 20 8723 8721 9494 9496 20 | 25 8721 8723 10 | 8521 20 9496 20 30 " " " | 35 " " " | 40 8721 8723 8521 10 | 45 " " " | 9496 10 | 50 " " (8521 ws) 10 | 4 April 1983 1130 9494 10 9496 20 35 9496 20 40 nobody 45 nobody 50 " 55 8521 20 1200 9494 wh 8521 10 | 05 9494 10 10 nobody 15 8721 8521 9494 10 20 8721 8723 9494 wh 10 | 25 8723 wh | 8721 9494 8521 10 9496 30 8723 9496 wh 10 | 35 9496 8721 20 40 9496 8721 20 | 45 9496 20 | 8521 20 | 50 8521 ws 10 | 55 9494 9496 20 ( 8521 | 8723 ws 10 ) 1300 all 5 10 (9496 + 8723 ws) 05 9496 8723 wh 10 | 8721 10 10 [illegible] 15 " 20 " 25 " 30

1983 R.C. Numme Melanerpes formicivorus Plague 5 April * * GROUP UPDATE * ① ♂473 disappears 4 Jan ± 1 month Last seen by Alan 17 Nov, missing 19 Feb. 1700, I opened the new hole, and found that it has a long way to go yet. Not very deep, very rough, ragged bottom. 6 April Routine gra-ary census, 0820-1020, save for an interesting intruder (♀815 of CV2). Only ♂521, ♀494 ♀496, ♂723 seen. Also, birds are still very much committed to the new hole. Never saw anybody fly up toward Adobe or Backeye Hills, and saw several trips to the new hole. Only suspicious thing is that the birds continue to make a lot of trips to the Big Blue Oak + MacRoberts. Will have to make sure nothing is going on over there. 7 April Checked the hole here, 1230, found it shaping up, but still not ready for eggs yet. 10 April Checked the hole, 0830. 2 birds flushed as I climbed up to the hole, but the bottom is still pretty rough. 12 April Bad news, we blew it again! I had Philip watch the hole here from 0610-0845, and he recorded a pretty steady stream of birds in + out of the new hole. I climb up and find 3 eggs marked ①-③! 11 April (and maybe 10 April) were undoubtedly the critical days. Oh well, we live + learn. I'm sure both ♀♀ laid today. Tossing may have occurred yesterday.

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1983 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque 14 April Checked the hole [illegible], 1415 (Walter found 5 eggs 13 April). 6 eggs. Is the clutch now complete? 15 April Checked the nest, 1630: Still 6 eggs. Probably all over here. 18 April Walter removes the 6 eggs from the nest here. 26 April Return from Berkeley today + Denise reports that while watching the Plaque nest hole today, She saw a Q fly out at 0628 (early!) carrying an egg. Unfortunately, we don't know who laid it or who threw it out. Unfortunate, but maybe we'll be lucky tomorrow. See Phillip + Denise's notes. Phillip checked the hole found it empty sometime yesterday morning. See Philip + Denise's notes for details. 27 April Good watch at Plague! Basically, both Q laid simultaneously between 0650 and 0720, 1 normal egg, one runt. I measured the eggs + I'm confident that the normal egg (27.2 x 20.3) was laid by Q494 (see past-years egg dimensions) and the long narrow runt laid by Q496 (21.2 x 14.8) Q496 always lays long, skinny eggs, and never has laid an egg wider than 20 mm. Anyway, Phillip I watched more, Q496 removed both eggs, the runt first at ~ 0850 [illegible] followed by the normal egg ~ 1020. See Phillips notes for exact details. I saw a bird fly out with the runt egg ~ 0950, whereupon it was carried to

27 April 1983 Plague egg tossing watch 0545 start watch 0649 9496 enters 0652 9494 enters 0653 9521 looks in 0656 9521 enters 0700 9521 leaves 0711 9521 enters 0723 9 looks out, all 3 birds leave 0730 checked nest 2 eggs ① 27.2 x 20.3 (shape suggests 9494) ② 21.2 x 14.8 (shape " 9496)

1983 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Many Plaque (27 April) the main granary. This bird proved to be 9496, and I saw her eat some of the egg for about 1-2 min before flying off. Philip reports that 9496 took the normal egg to the main granary, but wasn't sure what happened after that 28 April Boring egg-laying watch at Plague. A ? (9496?) was in the hole when F arrived at 0615, and after she left at 0627, F climbed up to the hole & found a 9496-shaped egg (25.4 x 18.4). Nobody returned to the hole before 0830, at which time Denise relieved me. Is one ? (9494) taking the day off? Could she have laid elsewhere? (I checked the 82 hole (empty) and Bos Berry told me there was no woodpecker activity up in the canyon area?) It's also possible that 9494 laid before 0600 and 9496 threw it out, then laid herself. I'll try to get here earlier tomorrow to see what time laying occurs. 1045, Denise has reported both ?Q in the hole alone twice each, so it looks good that 9494 did not lay today & will not toss 9496's egg. 29 April Good day at Plague! Both ?Q lay (see reverse + nest record), and yesterday's egg (by 9496) remains, meaning no reciprocal egg tossing by 9494, even though she had ample opportunity.

28 April 1983 Plague egg laying 0615 ♀ (hairline mustache, bump near eye looking out (♀496?), "two pieces" of mustache) 0627 ♀ leaves, checked hole 0639 back in blind, 25.4 x 18.4 egg in checked hole 0830 Relieved by Denise Later watches proved that this ♀ is indeed ♀496 29 April Plague egg laying 0555 start, hole empty 0621 ♀496 enters 0626 1.0. 0626 b.d 0630 1.0 0631 b.d 0639 1.0, 0640 5.d, 0644 ♀494 comes to hole, ♀496 leaves ♀494 enters, ♀521 enters 0648 ♀521 leaves 0658 ♀494 1.0. 0659 ♀494 leaves Checked hole, 2 new eggs ② + ③ 25.9 x 19.0

1983 R.L.Mumme Melanerpes fornicivorus Plague NEST RECORD 26April Somebody laid t egg + Somebody carried off a- eggy early this morning. See Denise's + Philips'notes 27April Nestchecked 0730 after visits by both 98: 2eggs ① 27.2 x 20.3 (normal, prosauly 9494) ② 21.2 x 14.8 (runt, prosauly 9496) Both removed (the runt at ~0850, the normal ~1020), by 9496. Runt eaten by 9496, possibly others (?) 28April Nest checked 0630, Legg, [illegible] laid by 9496 for sure ① 25.4 x 18.4 29April Nest check, 0715, 3eggs ② 27.0 x 20.3 (9494?) hatched ③ 25.9 x 19.0 (9496?) 30April Walter report 5 eggs. 1May Nestcheck, 1015 7eggs ④ 26.2 x 19.3 (9496?) laid 30 failed to ⑤ 26.9 x 19.9 (9494?) April hatch ⑥ 26.7 x 19.7 (9494?) laid 1 May ⑦ 26.2 x 19.1 (9496?) 2May Nestcheck, 1600, Blew Zeggs, clutch complete 1May 11May Nest check, 0745: Hatching is starting! All 7eggs, but ② is pipping + peeping 1830, Egg ② has hatched (nestling marked with blue sharpie. ④ Apparently infertile. All others have a chance of hatching 12May 1140, 4nestlings eggs ⑥ (pipped) +⑦ Nest failed 6 Nestlings from ①, ③ +⑤ all marked blue left leg. Nestling from ② remarked blue right

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1983 R.L. Mumme 5 M. formicivorus Plague 1 May Checked the hole 1015, 7 eggs now, clutch is probably complete, 4-3 in favor of 2496! 15 May Disappointing developments here, at 0900 I found the nest has failed: 6 nestlings (from all but egg 4) found dead in the nest. Swarming around the nest hole and over the dead nestling were those nasty, formic acid "oak ants", the same species that may have contributed to the demise of the 1980 nestlings I last checked the hole on 12 May, when 4 nestling egg 6 (pipped) + 5 were present. It looks like the Plague nestlings have been dead only for a day or so, and one of the nestlings had grown quite a bit from since I last saw him, so I put the failure date at 14 May Plague still has some acorns (not many) so I don't know what to attribute the deaths to: ① Starvation, the ants, ② ants, or ③ ants, abandonment - starvation. Hard to say for sure, but I suspect ③. 21 May Routine granary census. Not much interest in nesting, as far as I can tell. 3521 made a quick visit to the hole, but that was it (unless they are interested in the cayre holes 27 May After seeing birds in the Plague nest hole, at 1530 I climb up and find [illegible], which I number (I'll measure them later). Only interesting thing is that a 2 dive bombed me while I was checking the nest. Never brushed my head! Late nest, no further chance of re-nesting, high defense rate

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1983 R.L. Mumme M. Formicivorus Plague 5 June Checked the hole, 1730: 7 eggs stone cold! Has the nest been abandoned? It was active Friday when we did a snake experiment here. Anyway, the 7 eggs measure out ① 25.3 x 18.9 (496) ② 26.3 x 20.1 (494) ③ 26.0 x 19.1 (496) ? ④ 27.0 x 20.2 (494) ⑤ 26.2 x 19.9 (494) ⑥ 26.4 x 19.2 (496) ⑦ 26.2 x 19.7 (494) laid 28 May I suspect that the snake experiment may have directly caused abandonment. Also, the birds have been making a lot of [illegible] noise here. I wonder if ♂521 has disappeared. 15 June Routine gravity census (back): 17 June " " " All 5 birds (♂521, ♀494, ♀496, ♂721, ♂723) see well 1 July Wow, strange goings-on here. Around 1200, while walking down from Buckeye, up in the vicinity of the 81 nest tree, I find ♂521 sitting next to a banded juvenile! In the late PM (~1800) I watch ad find J889 of Pipeline M / white Green! Amazing! This juvenile wandered a full mile up the canyon and wound up on the territory with his grandparents! (♂660, son of Plague, is the breeding ♂ at

15June 1983 Plague gra-a-y crosus 1500-1700 defense 1515 8521 Magpie 2 1500 nobody 05 " 10 " 15 8521,0 20 8521,0 25 " 30 " 35 " 40 8521 8496 10 45 8521 8496 10 50 8521 8496 10 55 " 1600 8496 10 " 1605 8723 EA 8494 10 10 8723 8494 8521 10 15 8521 10 20 8521 10 25 " 30 " 35 nobody 40 " 45 8521 8494 10 50 8521 10 55 nobody 1700 " 17 June 1983 0900-1100 0900 8494 ws 10 05 8494 20 10 8494 20 1 8521 8496 10 15 8494 8521 8466 10 20 8494 10 8496 10 25 8521 ws 20 30 nobody 35 " 40 8496 10 1 8521 20 45 8521 10 50 nobody 55 8521 8494 8496 8723 10 1000 8496 8721 10 1005 8721(8723 ws) 8494 10 10 8723 ws 8494 10 15 8723 10 20 8723 10 25 8723 10 30 8723 8721 8496 10 35 nobody 40 nobody 45 nobody 50 8521 10 55 8521 3 1100 nobody

1983 R.L.Mumme M. formicivorus δ521 packs 660 Plague (1July) Pipeline). Perhaps δ660 "introduced" the juvenile to the grandparents. Otherwise, we have to assume ① Phenotype matching (hard to believe) or ② sheer drare (also hard to believe), Around 1800 hrs, J889 was hanging out in the trees up the draw E of the Upper Barn. There, he seemed fairly friendly with δ521 (who may have been feeding him!). However, δ723 was chasing and beating up J889 vigorously & repeatedly. See Philips notes 2-5 July. 8July Routine granary census. See bait. No sign of pipeline juveniles today, Slow, 9494 missing 9July Another Slow granary census, but this time J889 from Pipeline put in a brief appearance in the Plague tree, but was chased out by 9496 (for sure) ad δ723 (I think). J889 flew to the draw above the upper barn, and was followed by δ723. This time δ723 did not pursue. In fact, J889 begged from δ723, though δ723 did not feed 20July Granary census, 1500-1700 1500 nobody 05 9496 10 16 9496 ws10 15 9496 δ521 J889 10 20 δ660 10 25 δ660 10 30 nobody 35 nobody 10 40 9496 10 45 9496 10 50 9496 δ660 J889 10 55 9496 10 1600 δ660 δ721 9496 10 defase 1613 ? Browne 2 05 δ660 δ721 9496 10 10 δ660 δ723 9496 J889 10 15 δ660 δ521 10

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1983 R.L.Mumme 8 M. formicivorus Plague (20July) Avery interesting watch: ①♂660 is here with J889, both present throughout the watch. So it now seems quite a bit clearer that ♂660 "introduced" J889 to Plague. ② ♂521 fed J889 4 times, but never by any of the other birds, including his father, ♂660. In fact, ♀496 still has a moderate-strong dislike for J889. ♀496 chased the juvenile 9 times (at least) during the watch. ③ Saw a very strong, vigorous dominance interaction between ♂521 + J660. Much pecking by the former, much chatting by the latter. 21July Slow grany census, 1105-1305. Only ♀496 + ♂521, plus an intrusion by ♂787 of 1800. Plague not abandoned Fall 83. By spring '84 however, Plague contained only ♂521, as he chased helper ♂ and ♀496 away as acorn supplies dwindled.

21 July 1983 1105 - 05 Summer grassy co-sus 1105 nobody 10 " 15 " 20 " 25 " 30 " 35 [illegible] " (9787, too). 40 8521 ws 1° (9787, too). 45 8521 1° 50 nobody 8521 9496 1° 55 9496 ws ? 8521 1° 1200 nobody 05 nobody defense 1140 8521 9787 (1800) 2 (9496 not around) 22 July 0715 - 0915 0715 8521 9496 J 889 1° 20 8521 9496 J 889 1° (9496 ws) 1° 25 " " " 30 8521 J 889 9496 1° 35 8521 2° | 9496 J 889 1° 40 9496 1° 45 nobody 50 " 55 9496 1° 0800 9496 1° 05 9496 1° 10 9496 8521 1° 15 nobody defense 0753 9496 Hairy Woodpecker 2 0913 9496 Hairy Woodpecker 2

1983 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Y Hastings Reservation 17 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 848 banded as Adult 30 Dec 1982. 19 Feb Walking by 1130, I flush 3 birds, which prove to be 6669, 848, and not surprisingly, 754 (6cm / white 136cm) of SHill. Everyone looked quite friendly. 754 is probably "just visiting" but we'll keep a close watch here. 1 April Walking by 1 April, I find 754 wht-06-/m of SHill in the grassy, then 10 min later working on the half-completed nest hole on the knoll! Is he moving here for good? 26 April Weird Semi power struggle flare up here, 1700. 3 1800 99 (785, 786, 787), 2 1500 99 (675, 818) intruders. At first it looked like the 1800 99 were winning, and no sign of 848. However, around 1725 848 finally showed up, and with the help of the two 8 669 + 754 (!) the manage to regain control of the grassy by 1730. The 8 were very active in chasing the 9 intruders. Also saw a strong 669 > 754 dom interaction 11 May Swinging by, 0730, I see 3 birds (!), and I'm sure the extra is 754. I've seen him off here all spring, and I'm beginning to think he belongs. 29 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 848 disappeared 830508 ± 1 week: Last seen 26 April, replace by 675 on 20 May. ② 675 moves here 830508 ± 1 week:

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1983 R.C.M Melanerpes formicivorus 1500 17Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ♂677 disappeared 25July 1982 ± 2weeks. Last seen at 1500 11July, missing 7Aug 21Jan Flushed 5 birds here, walking by at 1310 19Feb A quick look here at 1100 produces a complete census: ♂297, ♂622, ♀601, ♀675, ♀818 all seen well. Looks like the birds are still harvesting acorns from some Live Oaks up the draw. May 1 [illegible] Philip has reported ① strong mate guarding and ② an interest in the 79-81-82 nest hole. However, walking down the lane at 1500 hrs, I flush a bird out of a new hole in a thin dead stub overhanging the lane (a Valley Oak) Back at 1700, I open up the back and find one egg, marked #①. Hole is very fragile, and may not survive long 22Jue Two nests' failed in this hole: See next record. 29Jue ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀675 moved to Y 8May 1983 ± 1week: At Y for sure on 20 May, ♀848 still at Y on 26 April. 1500 ABANDONED fall 83, before mid-September (acorn census showed no birds around)

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1983 R.L. Mumme M. formicivorus 1500 Nest Record 1 May Opened up new hole in dead stub of Valley Oaks our hanging lane. 1 egg. 2 May Philip reports only 9601 in the hole in the AM, at 1300 Walter reports 2 eggs, the first sacrificed for incubation data 3 May 1415, Still 2 eggs, ①②. Philip reported 9601 in the hole this AM, but I guess she took the day off. 4 May Flushed a bird out of the hole 1650: Peeped in, found 3 eggs. See Phillips's notes of 9601's activities 5 May Checked hole, 1700. Still ③ eggs. Is clutch complete? 7 May Checked hole, 0900. 3 eggs 14 may Walter reports nest failed, two eggs with near-hatching embryos found below nest on ground June 2 May Peeped into new nest in same hole: 3 eggs ~ 8 days (?) 22 Jun 1230 Peeped in, nest completely empty, not sure when it failed.

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1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus 1800 Hastings Reservation 20 Jan Granary census, 1100-1300. Good watch and a complete census (♂476, ♂347, ♀193, ♂9785, 786, 787 all seen repeatedly). Even a bit of storing of live Oak acorns harvested from the trees SW of the granary, and perhaps along Big Creek, too, 19 Feb Decent granary census & call count, 0835-1035. All 6 birds seen well, though ♂347 kept a very low profile. No storing 20 Feb Granary census, 1335-1535. Details on back → 1412 Dominance: ♂347 chattered to ♂476 after ♂347 flew to him. Pretty good granary census. ♂347, 476, ♀193, ♂9786 & 787 seen well, but ♂785 not around for some reason. 22 Feb Funny goings on south of 1800. At 1145 F find a lot of wakas + chasing going on, seemingly centered on the old falling-apart roost tree just above the decaying granary. Birds involved are a ♂NB, 2♀NB (apparently Red/Blk-wht operating independently) plus, peripherally, ♂790 Red/M of gate and ♂754 Corn/Wht-Dom of School Hill! → One of the ♀NB and the ♂NB seen to have taken over the roost tree. The ♀s spent a lot of time looking out of a down-facing hole in the tree. The ♂+♀ wakas a few times, but not a lot. The other birds appeared to concentrate in the sycamore along the creek and the canyon just to the south of 1800. Surprisingly, the 1800 birds were not contesting any of this intrusion into their territory,

20 Jan 1983 1800 granary census 1100 nobody 05 Quazi Q988 " 10 " 15 " 20 " 25 $193 $787 30 $193 ws $347 $785 $786 $787 35 $193 $785 $786 $787 40 $193 $785 $787 ws 45 $476 $785 ma | $193 ws | $786 $787 50 $476 $193 wh | $785 $787 $347 55 $476 ws $193 wh 1200 $193 wh $476 1205 $193 $476 10 " 15 $193 $476 wh | $786 EA | $785 wh 20 $193 $476 wh | $785 $786 25 $193 $476 wh | $785 ma | $786 ws 30 $193 $476 wh | $785 ma | $786 ws 35 $787 40 $193 $476 sa | $347 $787 45 $193 $476 $347 $787 50 " 55 $476 $347 sa | $193 wh 1300 $193 Storage $476 111 $193 1 $347 111 8 total 19 Feb 1983 1800 granary census 0835 $193 40 $193 45 $193 50 nobody 55 $193 EA 0900 $193 05 $193 $785 10 $193 $785 $786 $476 $787 15 $193 $786 $787 $476 20 $193 $786 $787 $476 25 $193 $786 $787 $476 30 [illegible] 35 [illegible] 0940 $476 $193 45 $193 wh $476 50 [illegible] $193 55 [illegible] $193 1000 $786 EA $193 05 $193 10 $193 15 $476 $193 ws 20 " 25 $193 wh | $476 30 " 35 " 20 Feb 1983 1335-1535 1335 nobody 40 " 45 " 50 " 55 " 1400 " 05 $476 EA 10 $193 $347 ws | $476 15 $193 $347 $476 20 $193 $476 ws | $347 $787 25 " 30 $193 $786 $476 35 $476 ws $193 wh $786 1440 $193 | $476 ws 45 $476 wh | $786 | $193 ws 50 $198 $476 wh | $786 55 $193 wh | $476 $786 14500 $193 05 $193 10 $193 ws $476. 15 $193 ma $476 $786 $787 $347 20 $193 $476 ma | $347 25 $193 ma $476 wh $787 ws 30 $193 $476 ws | $786 35 $193 $476 ws | $347 defense: 1428 $476 $193 $787 6S 1 1435 $193 6S 2 1530 $193 $786 Stel Jay 1

1983 R.C. Numme Melanerpes formicivorus 2 1800 (22Feb) I'm not sure what the big attraction here is. Certainly there are a few usable storage holes around, but nothing to write home about. There are still acorns in the live oaks along the creek (Stellers + Scrub Jays visiting these trees frequently). It's also a very warm, sunny, amazingly spring-like day, too. This situation warrants further attention of Plague 1215, Just saw ♂723 M/D6crem /Lpink here chased a bit by a ♂NB in the Valley Out at the base of the "lst canyon". A ♂+a ♀ (both unbundled) were looking quite frldly there. 1230, ♂753 Red-wnt/LBlue of Still Also around. Quite a free-for-all. Very quiet now, though. 23 Feb Grarany census 1040-1240. I walked by the scene of yesterdays action, and found nothing going on. 1230, Saw ♂476 excavating a new hole in the old dead 190 nest stub. Fortunately, the hole is fairly close to the base, so rope ladder fastened above or extension ladder should work. Currently, it looks like the hole is 4" deep, judging by ♂476's dipping. Incidentally, the 1981 nest hole has fallen apart: I found the cut, soalted rotten, beneath the hole 3-4 days ago 3 March Routine grarany census, 1420-1620: ♀193, ♂347, ♂476, ♂9785,786,787 all seen well. 26 March After ambush + removal of ♂347 last week and shooting of ♂476 yesterday, we have a moderate power struggle going on. At 1245, when F get here, ♂622 of 1500 (!) seems to have it

23 Feb 1983 1800 granary census 1040-1240 1040 9193 45 nobody 50 " 55 8347 9193 1100 9193 05 9193 WH 8347 10 nobody 15 9193 WS | 8476 8787 20 9193 8476 WS 8347 25 9193 WH | 8476 8347 30 9193 8476 WS 35 9193 8476 WS 9787 8347 40 9193 8476 WH 9787 834 1145 9193 MA 8476 WS 8347 9786 9787 50 8476 WH 9193 MA 9786 55 9193 WH 1200 nobody 05 " 10 8476 9785 9786 9787 9193 15 8347 20 8347 9193 8476 25 9193 MA 8476 30 9785 8476 35 9193 WS 8476 WH 9786 40 9193 8786 8347 8412 1205 Plain Tit 8476 | 1228 [illegible] Nutt WP 2 1211 Stell Jay 84762 1230 9[illegible] Ju. co 1 1215 Stell Jay 8347 2 1235 9676 6Squirrel 1 1240 9193 S#1 Jay 1 3 March 1983 1800 granary 1420--1620 1420 9785 25 nobody 30 " 35 9193 9785 40 nobody 45 9193 50 9193 55 9193 1500 9193 WS 8476 05 9193 8476 10 8476 9193 15 8476 9193 8347 20 8347 9193 9785 all WS 1525 8476 9193 9787 30 8476 9193 9787 35 8476 9193 9787 40 9193 WH 45 9193 WH 50 9193 WH 8476 9785 | 8347 WS 55 9193 WH 8476 9785 8347 1600 9193 WH 9785 8347 9786 EA 05 9193 WH 8476 WS 9786 9785 10 9193 WH 8476 WS 9786 9785 15 9193 8347 20 9193 WS 9785 1455 9193 Ground Squirrel 3 1520 9193 " " 1 1545 9193 " " 1615 9193 ? Aw? " 3 6 March 1983 0830 - 1030 0830 9193 35 8476 9193 9787 40 9787 45 nobody 50 9193 8476 9786 9787 55 8476 0900 9193 8476 05 8347 9193 10 8347 9193 8476 9786 15 8476 WS 8476 WH 8476 9786 20 9193 8476 WH 9786 9787 WS 25 9193 8347 WS 30 9193 8476 9787 35 8476 WH 9193 9785 40 8476 WN H , 9193 45 9193 WN H 9787 9786 50 9193+ 8476 WN H 9786 8347 0955 8476 WN H 9193 9786 8347 1000 8476 WN H 9193 WS , 8347 9785 9787 05 8476 WN H, 8476 9786 9787 9785 | 9193 WH 10 8476 9785 9787 | 9193 WH | 8347 15 8347 9785 9787 20 all 6 (9193 WS) 25 9193 WH 8476 8347 9785 30 9193 WH 8347 9785 8476 defense 0845 8476 Aw? 1 (8476 ?) 0855 9193 EM B 1 (8476 ?) 0940 9193 Scrub Jay 1

1983 R.C. Mamme Melanerpes fornicivorus 1800 (26 March) won! This is especially neat, since ♂622 is a pretty sure breeder, since he guarded ♀601 very closely last spring at 1500. Anyway, he is in complete undisputed control of the granary. I hear a couple of other birds garricking + waking 🖍 among the Live Oaks on the south ridge (2 ♂NB, according to Susan) but they appear to be no threat. ♂622 may not be too keen on some of the ♀ helpers. Saw him take a peck at ♀785. 1315, a brief flurry of activity over in the 2° area (near 1500). I wande over and find a ♂NB chasing another ♂. The ♂NB was then chased i-turn by ♂622 (presumably) and two other 1800 birds when he wandered too near the granary, Also, I see what has to be ♀524 Obm-Bpnt(n)/white of Low Hay. Was she just checking things out, or does she have wanderlust, now that all the ♂♂ at Low Hay are her sons. 3/March Uh oh, while doing a gray re-sus at Plaque at 1415, Red-Yellows.M ♀787 intruded Yellow-mnt/Red-white. Assign that all may not be well among the 4 ♀♀ and the 3 Low Hay ♂♂ that moved in a few days ago 1April Checking up on things here 1530: Very quiet! All 7 Birds (♀193, ♀785, ♀786, ♀787, ♂770, ♂771, ♂724) see, but no real action. Power struggle is OVER!

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1983 R.C. Mann Melanerpes formicivorus 4 1800 5 April ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂347 removed 16 March 1983 ② ♂476 removed (shot) 25 March 1983 ③ ♂♂770, 771, 774 Moved here from Low Hay 28 March 1983 19 May Susan Philip climbs up checks the hole, finds 4 eggs, meaning clutch was complete 18 May. 29 May will be hatching, + 20 June banding. 21 June Banded 2 healthy, 1 pretty good nestlings here. See capture records for Juvs. 917-919. 1800 ABANDONED Fall 83. Probably gone by the Fall 83 acorn census (mid September) when E detected no birds around.

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1983 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Hay Blom 17 Jan **GROUP UPDATE** ① ♂562 disappeared 7 Oct 1982 ± 2 weeks Last seen 23 Sept, clearly gone 20 Oct ② ♂571 moved here from Gazebo ~ 7 Oct 1982 Last seen Gazebo 17 Aug. First seen at Hay Blom 20 Oct. 3 March Up here with Philli 1140. All 3 birds seen well. ♀604 Red-Back/Black, ♀711 LBlue/Red and ♂571 LBlue-Black/LBlue. ♀604 + ♀711 looked very friendly together in the mistletoe tree. 1 April Watching here, 1095, seeing if these birds are showing any signs of nesting. 1100, Not really. ♂571, ♀604, ♀711 all seen well, plus a couple of intruders (spillover from Low Hay, no doubt). Did see two birds fly over + perch outside the "traditional" fence line hole probably in response to prospecting bluebirds. 1105, just as I'm leaving, 2 birds hanging around and possibly visiting one or both of last years holes. We will have to be alert here. 12 April Watching here for signs of nesting, (1045). By 1140, nothing much. But walking past again at 1220, I flush two birds out of the (ugh!) upper hole in last years nest tree. I would have much preferred them nesting elsewhere. 2 May Finally, Denise reports some interest in the "traditional" fence line hole. Fops it up at 1300, find no eggs, of course.

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1983 R.L. Mumme M. formicivorus Hay Blam 3 May Whoa, things happen fast here. Denise watched here in the fog this morning, and she saw a shadowy figure of an ALV leaving the ferrelite hole at 0630. I climb up at 0715 and find one egg! Laid by somebody earlier today, but we don't know who. Denise & Philip start all day watch of the hole and the egg. Egg measured: 26.8 x 18.7 Denise reports that 9604 "fossed" (carried egg to granary, not known to be eaten.) 1500 hrs. The egg is much longer & narrower than the eggs laid last year by 9604 (the narrowest of 7 eggs last year measured 25.8 x 19.5), so I suspect that 9711 is the 9 that laid this egg. However, we will have to see what happens tomorrow. 4 May Good stuff today. 9711 clearly laid an egg this morning, and 9604 threw it out (again carrying it to the granary, where she "dropped it off" and returned to the nest hole. Whether the egg was eaten again unclear, but not important. What is important is that 9711 was certainly the 9 that laid, another case of a natal territory 9 laying when dad has been replaced. See Denise's notes. 5 May Denise watches hole and finds nobody going in the hole. I checked it at 0815, finding it empty. 6 May I check both of the "far tree" holes, both empty 1000. 11 May HB has pulled a fastone on us. See nest record 12 June Nest failure here, see nest record

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1983 R.L. Mumme M. fornicivorus Hay Blom 20 June New nesthere: After seeing a bird looking out of the lower hole in the 1982 nest tree on 17 June, I climb up today + find 5 eggs, ~5 days old. Curiously, all 5 eggs were very similar in shape. Suggested F604: Did 9711 fail to lay? See nest record 19 July Banded 3 healthy young, Juvs. 936-938. See caprecs. Hay Blom ABANDONED fall 1983. In mid September, during the acorn survey, I recall seeing two birds (including one juvenile) in the granary. Abandonment probably occurred after that.

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1983 R.C. Mumme M. formicivorus Hay Blom NEST RECORD 3 May Egg found at 0730 (26.8 x 18.7) (presumably laid by ♀711) in fereline hole removed by ♀604 at 1500 hrs 4 may ♀711 lays at 0555, egg carried to granary at 0630 or so (see Denise's notes) by ♀604 5-7 May No eggs laid, as far as anyone could tell 11 May Denise finds surprise nest in V0 in Blomquist ranch. opened hole 0930: 7 eggs ① 25.6 x 18.6 ♀711? ownership guessed ② 25.3 x 20.8 ♀604 but separation is ③ 27.9 x 17.7 ♀711 sodistinct I feel ④ 23.3 x 19.5 ♀604 good about it ⑤ 26.1 x 20.3 ♀604 ⑥ 26.0 x 18.6 ♀711 ⑦ 26.8 x 20.3 ♀604 probably freshest all of the eggs except ⑦ had enormous, bizarre air cells. 15 May Checked the hole 1700, Still 7 eggs 22 may Nestcheck, 1800. 5 healthy, 3 day old nestlings (clutch must have complete on 8 or 9 May, at the latest), plus egg ④ which failed to hatch. So nestling skew is 3-2, in favor of who I do not know Egg ④ contained a full-term embryo. 12 June Uphece for barding, 1200: 3 dead nestlings, were ~ 15-19 days old at death. Hay Blom still has acorns, too 17 June Bird looking out of 1982 second-nest hole 20 June 1000 (checked hole: 5 eggs ~ 4days old (measurements on back)

20 June 1983 (cont) ① 26.4 x 21.7 ② 26.8 x 21.4 ③ 25.6 x 21.1 ④ 23.8 x 20.4 ⑤ 27.1 x 21.3 19 July 1983 Banded three nestlings Juvs 936-938. See caprecs.

1983 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack 17 Jan **GROUP UPDATE** ① J772 disappeared 9 Aug 1982 ± 2 weeks; Last seen 28 July, Missing 21 Aug. 1 April Up here to check out the post-power struggle activity (see Susan + Philip's notes). As I walk up at 0825, I find 9711 (Blue/Red) briefly in the watch tree before flying off toward Hay Blom. 8832 06m / L pink of Blom also in the watch tree, along with 9b75 Grn-wht / D6m of 1500. 0900, in complete control of the 1° + 2° granary are 9524 9587 and 3 ♂️ NBS, as reported by Philip. Only occasional intrusions into the 1° or 2° granaries, and those intruders are quickly routed. They also seem to control the utility pole and the broken top tree. 8832 + 9b75 still have the watch tree, but I doubt that will last long. 0915, Getting the impression that one of the ♂️ here is not interacting with the others very much. We will, of course, have to band them soon in order to find out. 0940 also a couple of birds Over-in the 2° area, one of which is a ♀️ N.B. 5 April **GROUP UPDATE** ① ♂️ 461 removed 25 Feb 1983 ② ♂️ 770, ♂️ 771, ♂️ 774 moved to 18CO 28 March 1983 ③ 3 unbanded ♂️ moved here 30 March 1983

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1983 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack 24 April Watching here 1230 for signs of mate guarding. 1330, looks like no guarding. Difficult to tell, but it looks like the ♀ are following the ♂ around. Twice the birds flew toward (n=1) and away (n=1) from the granary en masse of 5, and in each case it was a ♂ that led the group. Also checked the hole + found no eggs. 28 April Susan reports a rust egg tossed by ♂524 (createn) 29 April Susan reports ♂587 lays normal egg, tossed by ♂524 (see her notes) 30 April Susan reports ♂587 lays normal egg; tossed + cat by ♂524 (see her notes) 1 May ♂587 lays another normal egg, tossed + dropped (because of ♂ interference) by ♂524. See Susan's notes After Susan's watch, I try to get some mate guarding data, but things were very, very confusing. Some M6 "data" (to use the term loosely) can be found on the back. But the real "highlights," were ① Twice I saw ♂858 chase + peck at ♂524. Those two are not getting along well. ② At one point I absolutely certainly saw 2 ♂NB's perched together in the granary, quite peacefully, too. Is he a brother of these ♂ that is just visiting, or what ③ The (or one of the) ♂NB pecked hard at ♂858 once and also at ♂587. ④ ♂858 may be guarding ♂587, and a ♂NB may be guarding ♂524 (I saw the latter couple briefly exchange mounts).

1 May 1983 Low Hay M6 045 0755 all 5 10g 0500 9524 9587 8NB 858 10 | 8857 elsewhere 0805 9524 10g | others elsewhere 0810 8NB FT | 0830 nobody 9587 9524 8857 MAF 1 1, 8NB MAF 1 8NB FTF 1 11 8858 R 1 1 8858 MAF 1 8NB F 1

1983 R.C. Mumm M. formicivorus Low Hay (1 May) ⑤ 857 appears to be out of it altogether. Every confusing situation, to say the least. 2 May Walter reports no egg laying today, 3 May I watch here 0540-0730. Both 99 are in + out of the hole regularly, (9524 especially) but no eggs laid, 4 May Susan reports 9524 lays + tosses herself a rust egg, and the egg eaten communally. See her notes 5 May Good stuff! 9524 lays normal egg, and 9587 tosses + eats solo! Reciprocal egg tossing from the same hole! See Susan's + Phillips notes 6 May 9524 lays, + 9587 tosses, despite interference by 9524 + 8NB. See Susan's, Phillips notes, 7-8 May No laying, see Susan's notes 11 May Watching here 0540 Smooth line, lumpy brochial 0545 9524 enters, leaves 0550. 0606 9587 enters briefly 09 9524 enters, 1.0. 0611 leave, 0616 14 9524 enters, 0623 leaves checked hole, 0700. No eggs. 13 May Susan reports both 99 lay, 2 eggs 14 May 11 11 11 11 11 4 eggs 15 May I get a shock; Wader up here 1730 to "mark the new eggs", and I find the nest hole empty! What happened to the four (possibly 6) eggs that were here yesterday. I will have to watch here tomorrow 1810, while writing notes, whole lotta chasing going on here. These birds have problems.

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1983 R.C. Mumme M. formicivorus Low Hay 16 May Watched here, 0545-0700: No eggs in the hole when I checked it at 0700, and only 9524 made 3 quick visits (though 9587 looked in a few times). Still domestic problems here: A ♂ chased 9524 fairly vigorously or at least two [illegible] occasions. 18 May 0545-0700, Looks like we could be getting close here. Both 9524 + 9587 spent a long time (~35 min for 524, ~20 min for 9587) in the hole simul--Wow! Hddo-. Anyway, both 99 were in Simultaneously between 0625 and 0655. However, I did not see 9587 leave, and I thought she was still in the hole when I went to check at 0700. I found the hole empty. However, while writing the above at 0715, I heard a big chase going on [illegible] (chase originated in the 1° gradary) To my considerable surprise, I looked up and saw two birds chasing a third bird that was carrying an egg! This bird was chased eventually to the 2° gradary, where I was able to scope it briefly (a ♀ for sure, but I couldn't see the bands) while it ate a bit of the egg before flying off. I was able to climb up to the limb where the egg was deposited, and I found a fragmented egg, all liquid gone, but length still measured 26.4. It fell apart before I could get width. What happened? Did a ♀ lay in a different hole? Did 9587 remove the egg when I missed seeing her leave? Did I miss the egg when I checked the hole? We will have to find out tomorrow.

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1983 R.L. Mumme 5 M. formicivorus Low Hay 22May Philip checked the hole this afternoon, found no eggs. 25May Denise + F checked the hole, 0830: 4 eggs, marked ① - ④ (③x④) looked the freshest. Maybe Low Hay Finally has it together. 26May 1730, Nestcheck; 6 eggs ① 27.6 x 21.1 ② 27.2 x 20.6 ③ 27.8 x 21.1 damaged, floating air cell ④ 28.6 x 20.3 ⑤ 29.2 x 19.8 failed to hatch ⑤ laid 26 May ⑥ 28.5 x 20.9 ⑦ 27.8 x 20.6 Measured by Susan 29May 24th 4June Susan reports egg ③ has disappeared 7June Nestcheck, 1600. 5 nestlings, plus egg ⑤ which failed to develop. 29June **GROUP UPDATE** ① Another unbanded ♂ joined group 830501, (F first saw 2nd ♂ NIB 1May) ② ♂857 (1st year) + ♂858 (AU) banded at Low Hay by Susan 13 [illegible] 1983. LOW HAY ABANDONED Fall 83, No birds present during mid September acorn census, so abandonment likely occurred before then.

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1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Gazebo 17 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂571 moved to Hay Blom~7 Oct 1982 ±2 weeks. (See Hay Blom notes) ② ♀570 returned to Gazebo 10 Oct 1982 ±2 months [illegible] Definitely not at Gazebo during June-July nesting, Probably not back on 17 Aug. First seen back 3 Dec 1982. 6 March Ambush here, but all we catch are the 4 Juvss, 819-822. ♀819 was roosting alone in the 82 nest hole, the others together in a dead stus hole. Only interesting thing is that F appeared to have banded ♂819 M/Orange-White (cnot yellow) Red/white-Orange June Susy reports 3 eggs laid in the low hole, the 4. 29 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂516 shot 11 April 1983. (See Susa's notes) ② ♂717, ♂718 (Adults), ♂836 (1st year) moved here [illegible] from CV Grande 17 May 1983 7 July Banded 4 healthy nestlings here, J932-J935. See capture records. 3 Aug Watching here, 0930-1030, F door. 3 Juvss seen wh/White-white well, J933 J934 and Juv dom! J935 or/m. Ever saw J933 take a couple of sharp dominance interactions from J934 (J933 Dominant). Also saw ♂718 cBlue/M and ♂836 Yellow-0Blue/M, ♂718 was feeding all 3 of the juvies at one time or another GAZEBO ABANDONED Fall 83

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1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blom 1 17 Jan * * GROUP UPDATE * * ① J831 disappeared 27 Sept 1982 ± 1 month Last seen 31 Aug, Gone 230ct. 20 Jan Granary census from blind. 1345-1545. Complete census, ♂492, ♀649, ♂830, ♂832 all seen well, but a pretty slow watch, all in all. 1 Feb Granary census 1000-1200 (countas 11-1300). Very slow, (cool breezy (but sunny) AM). Only ♂492 an a ♀ (assume ♀649) seen, but both stored an acorn each, 4 Feb Good granary census, 0920-1020. All 4 birds seen well 21 Feb Granary census, 1030-1230: Details below: 1030 nobody 35 ♂8492 EA 40 ♂492 45 " 50 nobody 55 ♀6492 ♂832 1100 ♂492 05 ♂492 10 " 15 " 20 " 25 " 30 ♂492 ws | ♀649 1135 ♂492 wh ♂830 ws ♀649 40 ♂492 wh ♀649 45 ♂492 ws 50 " 55 ♂492 | ♀649ws 1200 ♂492 wh | ♀649 EA 05 ♂492 wh | ♀649 10 ♂492 wh | ♀649 15 " 20 ♂492♀649 25 ♂492 EA ♀649 ♂830 1230 ♀649 ♂830 defense 1050 Nuthatch ○ (nobody acorn-a) 1055 Nuthatch ♀649 2 1125 Unid Pas, ♂492 1 1143 Yellow-rumped ♂492 1 → dominate, 1130 ♂830 flew into granary. ♂492 approached him then pecked ♂830 several times, ♂830 chattered and moved away. Otherwise, routine watch. All four birds seen well. Saw ♀649 fly in with a acorn once, so they still may be harvesting acorns.

20 Jan 1983 Blom one granary census 1345-1545 1345 δ492 EA 50 11 55 nobody 1400 11 05 11 10 11 15 11 20 11 25 11 30 11 35 δ492 40 δ492 WH δ832 EA δ830 45 δ492 1450 δ492 55 11 1500 11 05 11 10 11 15 11 20 δ492 9649 25 δ492 30 nobody 35 11 40 δ492 45 11 1 Feb 1983 1000 nobody 05 δ492 10 δ492 EA 15 δ492 20 11 25 11 30 11 35 11 40 11 45 11 50 11 55 11 1100 11 1105 nobody 10 11 15 11 20 δ492 EA 25 nobody 30 11 35 11 40 11 45 11 50 11 55 11 1200 11 storage δ492 1 9649 1 4 Feb 1983 0820 nobody 25 δ492 δ830 δ832 30 δ492 δ832 35 all 4 40 δ492 45 nobody 50 11 55 11 0900 δ492 9649 05 11 h 10 nobody 15 11 20 9649 25 δ492 WS δ830 30 nobody 35 δ492 40 δ492 EA 45 9649 EA δ492 δ832 50 9649 δ492 δ832 55 nobody 1020 bbsaday δ492 9649 δ832 0830 δ492 magpie 2 1000 δ492 WS δ832 05 δ492 10 δ492 15 δ492 9649

1983 R.L. Mumme 2 Melanerpes formicivorus Blom one 22 Feb Granary census, 1320-1520. Routine, but like yesterday, - ldyr don 8492 jumped all over 8832 when 8832 flew into the → granary and landed on a storage. Like 8830 yesterday, 8832 chattered and received several pecks for his trouble. All 4 birds seen well. 23 Feb Granary census, 0810-1010. All 4 birds (8492, 8830 8832, 9649) seen well. Right at the end of the watch, 8832, 9649, and probably 8830 as well brought in acorns from the south and stored them! So there are still a few Live Oak acorns on the trees here still. 13 April Walking by at 1230, the granary census of the past 4 days (see Susan's notes) has flared up again 8809 formerly of CV Grade, appears to still be in previous control, and at least has the cooperation of the two 88. But 2 Gazebo 99 (819+820) at 1800 ♀ (9786), 2 9NB, and surprisingly, 9695 of Dark Hollow (what is she doing here?) are giving 8809 a go. See Susan's notes for more details. 15 April Beth r F here relieving Susan at 1000. Moderately chaotic, but the story at 1030 appears to be ① 9808+9809 from CV Grade are in control of the central part of the granary. They seem to be friendly with the 88, especially 8830. ② Two Gazebo 99 (99819+820) are here hanging out in the tree adjacent to the granary. I saw 8492 open wing walk with them on one occasion, so they could be trouble

22 Feb 1983 Blom one granary census 1320-1520 1320 9649 8492 25 8492 WS 30 8492 35 8492 WS 40 8492 8830 50 8492 WS 55 8492 WS 9649 1400 8492 MA 05 8492 MA 8832 10 8492 WS 9649 15 nobody 20 8492 1425 8492 30 8492 MA 35 8492 MA 40 8492 WS 9649 8830 8832 45 8492 WS 9649 8830 EA 9649 50 8492 9649 55 8492 9649 8830 1500 8492 WS 8830 05 8492 WS 10 8492 15 8492 20 nobody 8492 1417 Unia Passeine 1 8492 1455 Y-r-warbler 1 8492 1505 Junco 1 23 Feb 1983 granary census 0810-1010 0810 nobody 15 11 20 11 25 8492 30 8492 35 all 4 si-ds 40 all 4 birds 45 all 4 si-ds 50 all 4 birds 55 nobody 0900 8492 05 8492 WS 10 8492 9649 0915 8492 20 9649 25 8830 EA 9649 8832 30 8492 WIT 8830 WS 9649 35 8492 WIT 9649 40 nobody 45 8492 9649 50 8492 9649 8830 55 8492 9649 1000 8492 05 8492 10 nobody Storage 9849 1 8830 1 8832 1

1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Blomone (15 April) ③ All ≥ 1800 ♀♀ are also here (♀♀755, 786, 787), but are relegated to a top portion of the yard and some of the trees to the south. At least 1 or 2 ♀♀B are here, as well. So far, nobody seems to be making much progress in taking control, but the CV grade ♀♀ seem like the best bet. 29 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀649 shot 9 April ② ♀809 moved here from CV Grandes 9 April ③ ♀808 moved here " " 16 April Blomone ABANDONED fall 83

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1983 R.L. Mumme M. formicivorus Blome one Nest Record 22may Philip finds nest in 1982 first nest hole. 7eggs ① 23.6 x 20.0 ② 26.7 x 20.5 ③ 26.1 x 20.5 ④ 24.5 x 20.0 ⑤ 25.0 x 20.1 ⑥ 23.5 x 19.9 ⑦ 26.2 x 20.5 Looks like skew is 4-3, Satwe have no idea which ♀ (9808 or 9809) laid which eggs. 23jue Banded 3 healthy nestlings, now Juvs. 920-922: See capture records

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R.C. Mumme 1963 Melanerpes formicivorus Blom Anne Two 21 Feb 1235, I take a peek here and see light / dark-light, which I presume is ♂846. Very few acorns are stored here, and I'd be surprised if they last through the winter 9 May Swinging past 0830 I find ♀/VB drumming from the granary, but then chased mildly by, ♂847 M/Ram-Blt, another bird (I presume ♂846) was nearby. Nobody, in any holes here. 16 June Swinging by 1730, I find a bird looking out of the low hole in the W branch of the granary. Does Blom 2 finally have a nest? 17 June Nobody looking out here at 1400. 20 June " " " " 1100. 26 June Watching here, PM, I see ♂847 M/Red-Black, but no ♂. Blom 2 Abandoned fall 83

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1983 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Blom 3 5 Jan Walked by here, 1230. No activity at all in the area wbleter between Gazebo and Blom3, where lots of action occurred in Dec. 22 May Finally find the nest here, in the "upper" of the two 1982 nest holes in the Blue Oak. I climb up at 0830 and find 5 eggs, ~6-7 days along in incubation, meaning that 17 June will be a good day to band here. Interestingly, 4 of the eggs were quite round but the fifth was long + very narrow. Strange. 16 June 1730: Banded 4 healthy 18-day old (o-50) estlings, now Juvs. 910-913. Also in the nest was a fled 12-day old, that was stirsing up the nest like crazy. I removed him. So all 5 eggs hatched Blom 3 abandoned fall 83

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1983 R.C. Mumme M. formicivorus Dark Hollow 23 March Watching here on a windy, wet afternoon, 1400-1545, I actually do OK. After a good bit of work, I find ♂584 M/Bpink 9695 Mauve/mauve, 9696 M/or-white, ♂824 DBlue-or/DBlue, and 9825 M/white. Missing was ♂823, but he might well be around. April 7 Watched Watching here, 1020-1140 for signs on nesting intentions. Nothing much really. When I first walked up, I thought I flushed a bird from last years nest hole, but I wasn't sure. No other visits to holes. ♂584, 9695, ♂824, 9825 all seen well, but 9696 missing. ♂823 is certainly gone. 12 April Informative watch here, 1240-1430. (1) I find a new hole here, and a ♂ caught in the act of working on it. It is in a fairly inconvenient place in the South tree. Rope ladder appears to be the only reasonable way of dealing with the hole. (2) Once again, I find that 9696 is missing, though 9695, ♂584, ♂824, 9825 all seen. Will need at least one more watch to be sure, but if she's gone, we will not have egg tossing here this year. 13 April Ever better watch today. 9696 is here, for-sure! Seen well, as were the 4 other birds (9696 can be told from 9825 by the former's faint left side mustache). ♂584 spent a long time working on the new hole, but (1) it doesn't look that deep yet and (2) I may have seen a bit of interest in the 82 hole as well. Must be alert here.

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1953 R.L. Mumme M. formicivorus Dark Hollow 17 April Opened the new hole here, 1630 (after flushing a bird out) and found it a long way from completion. Fairly shallow, rough bottom. 22 April After watching here the last 3 days, doesn't look like DH is planning to nest anytime soon. In the last 4 hrs I've not seen anybody in the new hole. I checked it yesterday, and although it was clear that some progress had been made since the 17th, the hole still has a ways to go. 29 April After a string of bad watches in terrible weather, I come out here at 0840, I finally see some interest in the new hole. A ♀ was looking out when I arrived, and ♂584 entered, too. Will have to check the hole soon! 30 April Watching here for egg laying, 0645. Pretty boring. Nobody looks at the hole. 0730, I check the hole, finding it with no eggs but close to completion. A few more days of work it should be ready for eggs. 2 May Watching again, 0610. 0720 Nothing! ♂584 looked into the new hole once, and ♂625 ate some of the dap (?) but that was it. Complete census, ♂584, ♂695, ♂696, ♂824, ♂825 all seen. 4 May Watching here 0550: 0710, Nothing much. ♂584 was in and out a few times (once I heard tapping from within) and ♂696 looked in once, but that was about it. 5 May Looking better here, 0545-0710: ♂584 continues to make a lot of visits to the hole (He also

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1983 R.C. Mumma Melanerpes formicivorus Darks Hollow, (5 May) has the unusual characteristic of garricking from inside the hole), But 9695 made one quick wood chip visit, ad 9696 looked in a couple of times, Lots of open-wing waltas rsuch here, too. 6 May 0545-0700: Boesville, man! 8584 made one quick trip to the hole, but the 99 neut-ern glared at it. Still a lot of garricking, chattering, intrusions, + open-wing waltas here. They seem to be having problems. Methinks I will let them slide tomorrow 10 May Been letting these guys slide lately (though I watched [illegible] on 8+9 May, continuing to see 8584 in the hole a lot Starting here today 0600. 0700, still boring, 8584 spent a lot of time inside working on the hole, but novicits by 99. 15 May Watched here today, 0545-0700. Confusing. Yesterday Walter watched + reported The birds were going into a hole on the high, horizontal dead stub in the nest tree. Today, I see no interest in that hole, but some token interest in the usual hole, plus the 82 nest hole. Darks Hollow still has acorns, so I'm not sure what the problem is here. 17 May 0545-0700, SOS. Some interest in the usual hole (including one brief visit by a 9) and no interest in other holes. 19 May 0545-0915: Looking better. A mustached 8 (suspect 9696) was looking out when I arrived, ad didn't leave until 0610 (after going down a few times. Brief visits by 9696 + 8584, too. Will have to watch here tomorrow

0545 mustache ♀ 1.0. 20 May 0049 ♀ 696 e-r- 0623 1.0 24 s.d. 0650 ♀ 696 leaves checked hole, C730 tra-trgg 0608 9695, first trip to hole, Flinout with run egg carried to adjacent banana tree. Could it see what happened to it.

1993 R.C. Mumme M. formicivorus Dark Hollow 20 May Finally, action! Didn't bring the tape recorder, but the general plan follows. At 0619 9696 entered the hole and except for a few brief look outs, she stayed down until 0650. I checked the hole at 0730 and found an adorable runt egg laid no doubt by 9696. By this time, both 9696 & 8584 had entered the hole three times each + had not removed the runt. But at 0808, 9695 finally entered, and though she stayed down for ~2 min she left it with 9696's runt! Good! The egg was carried to the adjacent tree, but I couldn't see what happened to it there. I didn't have calipers today, but this runt had an air cell smack in the middle of the egg. 21 May Another egg to watch here. 9696 lays (presumably a normal egg, but I didn't see the egg well) ad 9695 carried it out @ around 0747. The egg was carried to the adjacent tree (1982 nest tree) where I was unable to see what had happened to it. Details on back. 22 May Repeat of yesterday: 9696 lays normal egg, 9695 carries it out (after staying in nest ~2 min), ad 9695 fails to lay. Maybe she will lay tomorrow. Details of the laying & tossing are on back. Again, [illegible] 9695 carried the egg to the 1982 nest tree where I was unable to determine its fate (though I'm sure it would have

21 may 1983 Dark Hollow egg laying watch 0545 start 0603 9696 enters 0604 8584 824 enter 0600 both leave 0620 9696 1.0. 0621 b.d 0636 1.0 0638 b.d 0639 9696 leaves 0654 9696 enters 0658 1.0. 0701 leaves 0701 8584 Enters 0704 leaves 0715 8584 enters +leaves 0733 9696 enters 0743 " leaves 0745 9695 enters 0747 9695 leaves carrying egg (not positive, but pretty sure egg carried to adjacent tree, but I couldn't follow it after that) 0800 checked hole, empty 22 May 1983 Dark Hollow 0545 9696 1.0. 0546 leaves 0556 9696 enters 0617 9696 1.0. 0620 b.d 0620 8584 enters 0621 8584 leaves 0627 8584 enters 0628 1.0 0629 b.d 0633 8584 leaves 0633 9695 comes to hole 9696 leaves 9695 enters 0635 9696 leaves carrying nice normal egg, carried to 1982 nest tree 0635 8584 enters briefly leave 0641 8695 enters 0642 1.0. 0645 9695 leaves checked nest 0700, empty

1993 R.L. Mumm M. formicivorus Dark Hollow 23may Hothum, another day, another egg tossing at Dark Hollow: ♀696 lays, ♀695 tosses. Details on back. The only thing of special interest is that ♀695 came out with the egg while ♀696 was still down in the hole. Hardly seems like there was enough room for that kind of stuff. I wasn't sure what happened to today's egg, as I was busy watching the action at the hole. 24may Egg tossing could be over here. Both ♀♀ lay, 'a runt (19.1 x 15.2) almost certainly laid by ♀695 (her first egg). This runt totally lacked an air cell. The normal egg laid (presumably) by ♀696 was ② 24.5 x 20.4, had a slightly off-center air cell, neat plus a small calcium chip. I then watched from 0715 to 0900, during which time ♀695 had 4 good chances to throw out her runt and ♀696's normal egg, but she never threw it out. I gave up the watch at 0900, 25may Things are over with here. Only one egg laid today almost certainly laid by ♀695, ③ 25.5 x 19.6, heavily marbled, with no conspicuous air cell. See back for details. 3 eggs so far then. Both of yesterday's eggs still present. 26may Nest check, 1815. Eggs: ④ 25.7 x 20.2 small, asymmetrical air cell (♀695?) ⑤ 25.2 x 20.4 normal slightly asym. air cell (♀696) Both eggs very heavily marbled. 27may 1800, ⑥ 25.7x 20.0 very small asymmetric air-cell (♀695)

23 may 1983 Dark Hollow egg laying, 0540 $584, $695 in hole 0545 both leave 0607 $696 enters 0611 $584 enters 0613 $584 leaves 0616 $696 1.o. 0619 b.d. 0629 $584 $695 <tr- 0629 $695 leaves carrying egg ( $696 still in hole ) 0639 $696, $584 leave 0643 $696 enters 0706 $696 1.o. 0730 checked hole, empty 24 may 1983 0545 $695 1.o. 0559 $695 leaves 0611 $696 enters 0614 $695, $584 enter 0622 $584 leaves 0624 " enters 0625 " leaves 0626 $696 1.o. 0630 b.d. 0634 $584 enters 0635 $695 1.o. 0635 b.d. 0645 $696, $584 leaves $695, $696 leave checked hole 2 eggs. 0715 backwatching 0900 $695 made 4 long visits, did not toss. 25 may 1983 0545 $695 looking out 0551 b.d. 54 $695 leaves 54 $584 enters 58 $584 1.o. 59 b.d. 0604 $695 enters, $584 leaves 0626 $696 enters, $584 enters $696 leaves 0628 $584 leaves 0632 $695 1.o. 0633 b.d. 0640 $695 leave, 0642 $696 enters 0647 $696 leaves

1983 R.L.Mumme M. formicivorus Dark Hollow 6 June Nest check, 0645. Hatching, and my timing is perfect. Eggs ② - ⑤, Both belonging to ⑥96 (her only two eggs) have hatched. Both marked with Blue Sharpie on the right leg. Egg ③ is pipping, and eggs ④ + ⑥ look like they should hatch. Good deal! ⑥96's eggs must have a shorter development time. This also underscores why it's important to throw out your own rants eggs, as ⑥95 has fallen behind here 7 June Nest check: 4 nestlings: Eggs ③×④ have hatched (marked with Blue Sharpie) and ⑥ is pipping. ⑥96's 2 young remarked with Blue Sharpie on right leg. 11 June 1100 : 5 nestlings, on the way out DGrn - C Pink (Right Blue Sharpie ⑥496) Yellow - Black (" " " ⑥496) 28 June Big disappointment. Here to band the young at 1600, I find the nest completely empty. Probably failed ~ 15 June or so. What's more, Dark Hollow still has across. Hard to figure what happened here. Predation? I should watch her tomorrow AM. June 29 [illegible] ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ⑥823 disappeared (± 6 weeks) (Last seen on 3 Dec 82, certainly gone by 23 March) 30 June Watching 0800 - 0945: No sign of a new nest, and only ⑥584, ⑥695, ⑥696 seen (repeatedly). Having doubts about the presence of ⑥824, and especially ⑥823.

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1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Corral Viejo Canyon Hastings Reservation 5 Jan I come over here, 1100, and try to watch OK Corral in the hopes of finding some banded birds. 1200, No such luck. Simultaneously in the granary area I see 5 unbanded ♀♀ and 1 unbanded ♂! Two or more of the ♀♀ look like first year birds (dark eye, short bill). This may be all the birds in the group. 7 April In light of CU#2's incredibly early nest last year, I think it a good idea to walk over here at 1020 and say hello to the holes. Nobody in last years first nest, but in the "holey" Blue Oak above the ganary, I flush a woodpocket out of a "new" hole in a stub on the uphill side of the tree. Wasn't sure which hole, because there were several in the stub, but it bears further watching. 26 April A tour of Corral Viejo groups, 1730-1830, produces the following info. ① Flushed birds out of the 1982 nest holes at both CU#1 + CUGra-de ② Flushed a ♀NB out of the roost hole where we ambushed at OK Corral ③ Nothing at Blom 3 and (surprisingly) CU#2. Will have to check here again to see if we have nests here 28 April Opened the hole at CV Grande (after making a deeper cut) and found 5 Eggs (including 1 partially-buried runt) ~4 days incubation meaning 28 May would be a good landing date. Did not flush anybody out of the hole at CU#1, but I did at OK Corral, meaning that they must certainly have a nest.

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1983 R.L. Numme 2 M. formicivorus Coral Viejo Canyon 2 May Went up to open the hole at OK corral, but ① I didn't flush anybody out when I walked up ② I found that the hole takes a strange dog-leg, so I couldn't see the bottom. Also, because of the dog-leg, I had the rope ladder in a poor position to work on the hole. Consequently, I will wait be sure there is a nest here before I open this hole. 4 May Did the CV canyon tour, 1500: Nobody looking out of holes at either CV#1, CV#2, or OK corral (has that nest, if it ever was a nest, failed?). A bird was in the nesthole at CV Grande, and as I walked up to Blom 3, I saw a ♀ briefly enter the "upper" hole in the 82 nest tree. In short, not a very successful trip over here. 10 May After flushing a bird out of [illegible] a different, easier hole at OK Corral (same tree). yesterday, I come back and open the hole today to find 5 eggs, ~day 6, meaning 6 June would be a good day to band 17 May I walk by OK Corral's nest, 0500, and though I don't flush anybody out, I do hear baby noises from within, so it would appear that the eggs have hatched. CV2 I watched a bit, checked the holes, still found no evidence of a nest yet. 27 May Banded a disappointing 1 nestling (J875) at CV Grande. See capture record. 4 May Banded 4 healthy, old (~26 days) nestlings at OK Corral. See caprecs. J883-J886

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1983 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Westgate 22 March 83 Successful removal ambush here at 0520, as we net and remove $599 from the group. By 1000, Susan reports a full fledged power struggle going on. 1145, Moderate chaos. At least 12 intruders here, 11♀, 1♂. IDed participants include at least 3 UB♀ (on the periphery), ♀685, ♀785, ♀789, ♀791 (from Gate; ♀685 and ♀785 most conspicuous), ♂790 (from Gate; seen briefly by Pam), plus ♀687 and ♂798 (pink from ARF2, cooperating with another ♀NB (!)) At this moment, the 2 ARF2 sisters and the UB♀ appear to have the upper hand. They have control of the central graary area, and are warking with ♂58 and ♂692. The gate ♀♀, especially ♀685 + ♀785, are also in the graary, but more to the side, and appear to be being chased by ♂692. The remaining ♀NB appear very much peripheral. Light intermittent rain falling throughout. ♂692 of Wgate seems to be taking the main role in chasing ♀♀ around; One-legged ♂58 is mostly laying low. 1345, 2 hr later, things are changing: ① A cooperating group of 4 ♀NB have taken over the W side of the graary tree. They are also beginning to score points with ♂692 + ♂58. 1 hr ago, both ♂♂ would occasionally peck and give chase to those

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1983 R.C. Mumme 2 Melanerpes formicivorus Westgate (22 March) ♀♀, but that seems to be declining as they exchange wakus with some regularity. ② The 2 ARFtoo ♀♀ cooperating with the ♀NB are losing ground. They still control the high central stub, but the ♂♂ are less friendly with them. Even saw ♂58 take a peek at ♂798. Also, the ♀♀ do not seem to be chasing anyone, playing a much more "defensive" game. Not a good sign. The worst sign, however, is that ♀687 is either gone now or keep an extremely low profile. I saw her fleetingly at ~1300, but I've not seen her in an hour now. Is she injured, dead, or given up? ③ The Gate ♀♀ are still here sporadically, but seem undecided about whether to fight for Wbate or defend gate. They are shuttling back and forth, as "spillower" fighting erupts now again at Gate. ④ Saw a ♂NB (only 2nd ♂ intruder) fighting with ♂790 of Gate on the western periphery. 23 March 0820, the power struggle is over! 5 unbaaded ♀♀ are in complete control of the granary, and quite friendly with the males. The ♀♀ are expanding their control outward from the granary, and the only potential rivals are relegated to "the western frontier" 0845, I find a ♂NB and a ♀NB hanging out together in the sycamore down by Maggies. One of the Wgate birds (I suspect ♂692) came down and chased them some,

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1983 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Westgate 23 march driving them down to the Valley Oak in front of the Hullsey driveway. 0850, looking "cut + dried". No intrudes around at all. Constant greeting open wing wakas coming from the granary. 058, 0692, and 5 9NB all seen well. 0900, actually 2 8NB and a 9 NB hanging around by Maggies and the W end of corral field. They are no threat, however, and appear to have given up. 5 April Ambushed this AM, caught 1 9 NB (now 985$) and 0692. ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9 599 removed 22 March 1983 ② 5 9 NBS moved here 22 March 1983 20 May Opened new hole in lowestus, finding 4 eggs See nestrecord. June 21 May Very unpleasant finding here. Here with Philip to band ~1630, we find ① the fragile, thin piece I cut had fallen out of the hole + was lying on the ground. ② The nest was empty, even though Philip had seen the adults feeding you earlier this month. I suspect predation but whether the piece falling out led to predation or the predator knocked out the piece, we will never know. Regardless, it is probably best to exclude Wgate from rep. Success calculations. 29 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9855 + 9856 Banded here 7 + 12 April, respectively ② 9854, 9856, 2 9NB Move to Gate 83041b.

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1983 R.C. Munne 4 M. formicivorus Westgate 1 Aug Good short watch here: 858, 8692 + 9855 all seen well during a short watch. Westgate ABANDONED fall 83

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1983 R.C. Mumme M. formicivorus Westgate Nest Record 20 May 1030, opened new hole in low nest stub: 4 eggs fresh (probably day 1 or 2, see Denise's notes for 19 May) 21 June 1630, Found nest empty + cut piece lying on ground See notes:

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R.C. Munne 1983 Melanerpes formicivorus Gate 6 March After big storms, the hanging limb here finally fell ~ 1 March. Today, with Susan + Philips help, we manage to salvage a fair number of storage holes + corns and return them to the tree. 5 April ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9519 removed 15 March 1983. 16 April Wild things going on here; At 0845 I come by + find a POWER STRUGGLE in progress. Amazingly, 4 new 99 are in control of the main storage area and waiting with 8627 a lot (+ some with 8626). But the 4 99 are the presumed 5 that moved 40f to Westgate: 8854 c6m-Yellow/CPi-5, 8856 Yellow-Red / M / CPi-5, 8856 " / Black, and 2 9 NB. 9789 + 791 of Gate here, but seem to be relegated to the uppermost branches of the granary. Saw 9789 chased around a bit by a 9 NB ! Unfortunately, the key bird in all this for Susan is 8790, + he seems not to be around. 19 April Watching here 1110-1210. Seems to be all over. The 2 9 NB, 8854, 8856 have total dominion over the granary They are waiting with 8626, 8627, + (fortunately) 8790, though the last still seems not in the mainstream. At least 8790 was seen twice in the granary. The 99 helpers seem to have been excluded from the granary. I saw 8788 + 8791 perched in the VOs in the flat between Gate + Wgate, and I got the distinct impression that other birds were there, too.

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1983 R.C. Mumme 2 M. formicivorus Gate 17May. Susan ambushed hole, catching 5 birds, including one UB♀ (now ♀859) that had to be saved out at 0930. When the bird was finally extricated, Susan found a rust egg at the bottom of the hole. However, the egg could have been laid by the other 2♀♀ in the ambush, ♀854 + ♀856. See Susan's notes. 18May Denise reported 3♀♀ (♀854, 856, NB) making visits to the Squac-nail flat Live oak hole this Am, 1015, Climb up + peepin + find 2 eggs ① 25.4 x 18.7 ② 26.2 x 20.0 Don't know who laid or whether they will be tossed or not, but we'll soon know more. Back at 1730, both eggs are gone! Someone (person thing) has tossed here. 19May Susan + Denise report no laying, no interest in holes. 22May Philip reports laying + tossing. See his notes 23May "" "" "" "" "" "" 24May Philip + Denise report "" "" "" their notes 25May Philip reports 3♀♀ all lay today (a new record!) The ♀ that did yesterday's tossing doing today's laying first. See Philip's notes. 26May Checked the hole, 1200. 5 eggs, so only two ♀♀ laid today. ④ 27.4 x 20.5 ; ⑤ 26.9 x 19.9 27May Hole check 0930: 6 eggs, only 1 today ⑥ 26.0 x 19.8 28May Susan reports 8 eggs Susan reports checking hole - watching, only 2 nestling other eggs missing.

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1983 R.L.Mamme M. formicivorus Gate 29 June ** GROUP UPDATE ① 9854, 9856, 2♀NB move here from Wgate on 16 April 1983 ② 9859 banded here 830517. 1 Aug Brief watch here. I see 9627 cp.-k-DBlue 9NB 9859 M / Red-Black plus both of the recently-fledged Blk-wht/Opink juvies, 927 ad 928 Gate ABANDONED fall 83

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1983 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Pipeline 17Jan **GROUP UPDATE** ① ⑥660 (Plaque), ⑨⑨703 + 704 founded Pipeline 15 Sept 1982 ± 2weeks. ⑥660 last seen at Plaque 16Aug, gone by 5Oct. ⑨⑨703 +704 first seen near Pipeline on 4Oct. 7March Watching here, 1445. Pipeline is pretty impressive, now. The residents have drilled ~100 storage holes in the original sycamore to supplement our artificial limbs What's more, the granary looks like its essentially full. A second roost hole has been constructed in the granary; 1630 The birds here are still hard to see. ⑥660 DBlue-wht (N)/M put in a brief appearance in the granary, but that was it. 23March Trying 0910. Unfortunately, I flushed two birds as I walked up, much as I tried to avoid doing that. I'm sitting, fairly well hidden, under a Live Oak NW of the granary. The granary here is jammed full of acorns, All (or nearly all) Live Oak, Yellow/Nave 0920, Quick success ⑦703 and ⑦704 LARK/BIK put in brief appearances, following a few garricks from S of the granary. Don't know who was doing that 0935, ⑥660 DBlue-wht (N)/M also appears, so that wraps up a full census. 5April walk by at 1045, flush 3 birds out of the lower of the two granary holes! Looks like that hole is a likely candidate for nesting.

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1983 R.C. Munne M. formicivorus Pipeline NEST RECORD 10 May Checked hole, 1730: 4 eggs, ~4 days incubated ① 23.9 x 18.6 ② 23.4 x 18.0 ③ 24.02 x 18.7 ④ 24.1 x 18.7 18 May Bird looking out of hole as I drive by, 1545 6 June Banded 3 old, healthy nestlings here, now Juvs, 887-889

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1983 R.L. Runne Melane-pes fornicivorus Pipeline 2 May Nobody in the holes here at 1400 10 May After finding a bird looking out of the low granite hole here, I came back at 1730, flushed two birds out, then found a disappointingly small clutch of four eggs ~4 days incubated. Did both ♀703 & 704 lay here, or did only one? Has one of the two disappeared, leaving just one? We need a good watch here (See Denise's notes; She reports both ♀♀ present Pipeline ABANDONED fall 83

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1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Warp 5 17 Jan **GROUP UPDATE** ① ♀629 disappeared 17 April 1982 ± 1 month Last seen by Alan 6 March, Gone for sure by 28 May ② ♀702 disappeared 7 June ± 1 week Last seen 28 May, gone missing 17 June ③ ♀9703 + 704 abandoned Pipeline ~ 15 Sept 1982 ± 2 weeks. ④ ♀NBE877] moved to warp 5 ~ 1 Sept 1982 ± 1 month First seen here by Alan 6 Oct. Worth noting here that we don't have good information on whether ♀877 arrived before or after ♀703 + 704 moved to Pipeline. Thus, we don't know what movement precipitated the other- 23 March Walked up here on a lark at 0950 in the slim hope that I might see some birds. I actually do OK. I flush 3 birds when I walk up, two of which prove to be ♂636 Green/06-16br and ♀NB. I didn't get a look at the 3rd bird, but ♂S28 seems likely. 1025, I suspect the 3rd bird is ♂, which further suggests ♂S28 2 May Stroll up here to say hello to the holes 1430. Nothing's up - 10 May 1245 I find a bird looking out of the lower Black Oak hole, Will have to check it soon! 19 May Finally get up here with Philip to open the hole, I find two pin-feathered, eye-opened nestlings, ~ 16 days old. Will have to band them ~ 25 May WARP 5 ABANDONED Fall 83

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1983 R.C.Mumme M. Formicivorus Warp 5 NEST RECORD 19 May Opened hole in Black Oak (old 81 nesthole), 1130: 2 nestlings, ~ 16days old 24 may 1400, Banded 2 healthy nestlings, now Juvs. 863+864

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1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 17 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂577 + ♀806 found DOR 25 Aug 1982. [by WDK] 21 March Watching, 1020: 1110, Complete census: ♂496 ♂294, ♂269 ♂383, ♂578, ♂579, ♂580, ♂672, ♂804 all seen well. Only other thing of note is that the 81-82 nest limb (Black Oak) broke below the nest hole, at the lower hole that was never used. Fortunately, the nest looks OK. 31 March As it is definitely becoming spring (warm, mostly sunny AM), I start a watch from PO Hill at 0930, looking for signs of mate guarding or interest in holes. I notice that a top chunk of the 1° granary has broken off, right at the spot of the upper of the two roost holes there. 1040 Doesn't look like much is happening. Didn't seem like ♂486 was showing much interest in ♀269. The birds were hanging out a lot around the Black Oak nest hole (eating catkins, mostly) but nobody looked at the hole. Still, it's possible that they could be interested in the low hole in the sycamore, since I couldn't see it. 1130, After seeing Rd 1 birds hanging around in a sycamore adjacent to the creek (Arnold side) [illegible] m downstream from the bridge, I find what appears to be a fresh hole start Not too high, in a live part of the tree, with a nice live branch below for standing on. Will have to keep an eye on it. Unfortunately, the hole faces South, not visible from PO Hill

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1983 R.L. Numme Melanerpes formicivorus Road I 4 April Spring grany census & watch for signs of nesting, 0745- 0945. 9269, 9383, 8486, 8244, 8579, 8580, 8672 all seen. 9578 not seen, and 9804 seen fleetingly, but not convincingly. The important news is that the birds are indeed excavating a new hole in the new sycamore along the creek. Also, it looks like a bit of mate guarding is getting underway here. 8486 seems to be following 9269 fairly closely, although it looks like guarding is not in full swing. Also, I think 8486 spent a fairly long bout in the hole by himself, suggesting that guarding is not completely sure, yet. Back in the afternoon, I climb up (not too bad, with rope ladder) and saw open the new hole (a little thick, but not too bad), to find that the hole has a way to go yet. Not very deep, very narrow inside, and a pointed bottom. Still should be some time, if they use this hole. (Possible my opening will scare them off). 5 April Aquiots look 1015, I find a 8 (9269?) looking out of the new hole, so I appear not to have scared them off. 6 April Grany census, 1415-1615. Lot of action around the new hole, but not that much action at the grany. 8486's guarding of 9269 is still quite weak, it indeed ho's guardig at all. 7 April Checked the new hole 1440, lots of progress has been made! should be ready for eggs within a week.

4 April 1983 0745- 0945 Road 1 Oratory census 0745 nobody 0750 9383 20 55 6672 10 | 9383 20 0800 " 05 9269 ws | 6486 6672 6580 10 | 10 9269 6486 6294 6672 10 | 15 9383 6579 6672 10 | 20 6486 9269 9804 10 | 6580 20 25 6304 10 | 6580 20 30 6579 10 | 35 nobody 40 9383 6294 10 45 9269 9383 6486 ws 20 | 6294 10 0817 9383+ 6579 stel Jay 1 0850 9269 10 6486 Aw? 2 0855 6294 6squirrel 2 0910 ? Aw? 2 0900 6579 6486 9269 10 | 9383 ws 2 05 9383 wh 20 10 9269 10 | 6486 20 15 9269 6486 9383 10 20 nobody 25 6579 6294 10 | 9383 20 30 6579 wh 20 | 6294 10 35 6579 9269 wh 20 | 6294 10 40 9269 6579 wh 20 | 45 9269 20 | 6579 10 6 April 1983 1415 nobody 20 " 25 6294 EA 20 30 9269 EA 6486 20 35 nobody 40 6580 ws 20 45 6580 20 50 " 55 nobody 1500 6579 6486 20 05 6579 6486 20 10 6579 10 | 9269 6672 20 15 nobody 20 " 25 " 1530 9269 20 35 6579 6580 wh 20 40 6579 wh 20 | 6580 20 45 9269 6580 20 50 " 55 6580 20 1600 11 05 nobody 10 " 15 9269 10 defense 1507 6294 Aw? 2 1510 6486 Aw? 1

1983 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 10 April Watched here, 0645-0730, saw no interest at all in the hole, though checking it at 0745, found it deep & wide with a good carpet of chips. 1100, routine grazy census after seeing a bird looking out of the new hole. Complete census: 8486 294, 9269 9383 2578, 8579, 8580, 8672, 8804 all seem well. Lots of traffic to & from the new hole, and [illegible] 8486 seems to be following 9269 with some consistency. It should be soon! 11 April Watched the hole here, 0630-0745, no action. 12 April Watched the hole 0620-0800. 9269 made one long trip at 0700-0725, at the end of which she left the hole carrying a huge mouthful of sandust. 9383 made a shorter trip at 0745-0750 ad 0800- 0810. I checked the hole at 0820 and found it substantially deeper (difficult even to mark the bottom now) but empty. Hopefully, soon! 13 April Watched 0615-0755. Two brief "wood chip visits by 9269, one at 0640, one at 0750, and that was it. I checked the hole at 0800, found it still empty. 14 April 0615-0755, one 5 min visit by 9269 (followed by 8486) and that was it. Checked the hole at 0815, still empty, but looking ready! 15-16 April Watches 0615-0755. Some wood chip removal by 9383, but that's all. 18 April 0615-0755. 9383 was in when I arrived. Anice long (0723-0733) visit by 9269 and 9383 (0734-0753), but checking the nest at 0810, still no eggs

10 April 1983 Road 1 granary census. 115 9269 2° 20 8486 9269 2° 25 nobody 30 11 35 8579 EA 8294WS 8486 9269 10 | 40 8579 10 | 82749904 9269 2° 45 8580 EA 9804 10 | 9269 2° 50 8570 9804 8486 9269 10 | 8294 2° 55 8579 10 1200 nobody 05 8579 10 10 nobody 15 8672 10 | 9269 8486 2° 20 8274 EA 9269WS 2° | 25 8579 WS 9269 2° | 8672 [illegible] 10 8672 30 8579 9383 WS 2° | [illegible] 10 8672 35 8579 WH 2° | 8579 WH 2° 40 8579 10 | 8579 WH 2° 45 nobody 50 8579 10 | 9383 2° 55 8579 10 | 8294 2° 1300 8579 WS 10 | 05 nobody 10 1° 15 11 8486 follows 9269 1/1 defense 1132 8579 Aw? 2 1158 8579 Aw? 2

1983 R.L Mumme M. fornitivorus Road 1 19 April Successful egg tossing watch here, as at 0706 9269 flew out of the hole carrying a very small round runt egg, almost certainly laid by 9383, 0636- 0649 Although there was some uncertainty in egg ownership, I feel fairly completely confident that 9383 laid it because: ① 9383 was down in the nest hole 13 min, 0636-0649, a very good egg laying time. ② The egg was very round (marble sized + shaped), as are all of 9383's eggs. I'm also fairly confident that it was a runt ③ 9269 was down in the hole only 4 minutes before flying out with the egg, and at the end of the 4 minutes, she first looked out with wood chips, suggesting that she was not thinking about laying. ④ 9383 had an obvious abdominal bulge when she entered the nest at 0636. No such bulge on 9269 when she went in at 0701. It would have been nice to have been able to check the hole + measure the egg after 9383's visit, but I was afraid of scaring 9269 into laying elsewhere, as we did in 1981. However, I'm quite comfortable in saying that 9383 laid a runt, tossed by 9269. 20 April Another successful egg tossing watch (with a few complications). Basically 9383 laid ~ 0620-0645 (see Walker's notes) and 9269 finally carried it out at 1050 (see Susan's

19 April 1983 Road 1 egg tossing watch 0610 start, hole empty 0636 ♀383 enters, leaves immediately with wood chips 0636 ♀383 enters, goes down, with bulge in abdomen(!) 0649 ♀383 l.o. 0652 " b.d. 0653 ♀383 leaves 0656 ♀269 looks in, flies 0657 ♂486 " " " 0657 ♀383 enters 0658 " l.o., with a few wood chip fragments, 0658 b.d. 0659 ♀383 l.o., leaves 0701 ♀269 enters 0705 ♀269 looks out, a few wood chips on bill 0706 ♀269 back down 0706 ♀269 leaves carrying very small round egg! (almost certainly a-rant laid by ♀383) 0712 ♀269 enters briefly, carries out big load of chips 0714 ♀ ? enters, leaves with big load of chips 0730 ♀269 enters 0734 ♀269 looks out, back down 0735 ♀269 looks out 0736 back down 0737 ♂486 enters 0738 ♂486 leaves 0739 ♀269 leaves Hole check Nest empty

1983 R.C. numme M. formicivorus Road (20 April) notes). The complications are that we moved the blind much closer to the hole and this may have bothered Q269. She made only one brief appearance outside the hole prior to 10am, and did not enter. What's more, at 1000 I discovered that she was entering the 1982 first nest hole in the sycamore 2° g-r-a-n-y. I climbed up and checked that hole at 1010, found it empty, left the piece off the hole (to encourage Q269 back to the other hole), moved the blind back to its original position, and set Susan up watching the hole. Q269 returned and removed Q383's egg within 20 minutes. 21 April Another day, another egg foss. Q383 laid once again here between 0627 and 0702, and Q269 carried it out at 0731. But, even though Q269 returned to the nest at 0733 and stayed for ~1/2 hour, she still did not lay herself. Maybe tomorrow? See watch details on back. 22 April Strange watch today. Basically, nobody came to the hole until 0812, when Q383 went in. She laid a 24.9 x 21.0 egg at that time [illegible]. (before 0812 ad 0830). Philip relieved me at 0940, and at 0953, Q269 threw the egg out. Fate of egg unknown. What's going on? Q383's late laying (~2 hours later than yesterday) suggests to me that she may not lay tomorrow. I also wondered

Road 1 Mate guarding 0635 ♀269 ♂486 ♂580 2° 40 ♀269 ♂486 ♂580 ♂672 2° 45 ♀269 ♂486 2° 50 ♂486 ♂383 ♀269 ♂804 1° 55 ♂486 ♀269 ♂580 1° | ♂804 2° ♂383 2° ♂580 FTP ♀269 1° 0700 ♂579 ♂580 ♂486 ♀269 1° 05 15 ♂486 ♀269 1° 20 "" "" ♂383 ♂580 ♂579 2° 21 April Road 1 egg laying 0610 start, ♀269 down in hole 0613 ♀269 1.0. 0615 ♀269 leaves 0627 ♀383 enters ] ♀383 lays 0702 ♀383 leaves 0706 ♀269 enters, leaves immediately (~10sec) with wood chip 0710 ♀ ? enters, leaves with big load of wood chips 0731 ♀269 enters, leaves ~10sec with egg ! (egg carried toward granary area, but fate unknown) 0733 ♀269 enters 0735 ♀383 enters 0742 ♂486 enters 0746 ♂486 leaves 0756 ♀269 looks out, back down, 0805 ♀383 looks out 0806 ♀383 leaves, ♀269 leaves 0823 ♀383 enters, ♀579 enters/leaves with wood chips 0824 ♂579 enters 0829 ♀383 enters, ♂579 leaves 0847 ♀383 looks out 0857 ♀383 leaves 0930 check nest EMPTY ! ♀383 laid today, tossed by ♀269.

1983 R.L. Mumme 5 Melanerpes formicivorus Road I (22 April) if 9269 might not be laying in a different hole. But I came back + watched here from 1445- 1545 this afternoon, and saw 9269 appear show no interest in any other holes (the 81-82 hole appears to be a starling nest, and I checked the 82 first nest hole at 0915, finding it empty). Furthermore, 9269 paid a nice long visit to the hole at 1500, so it is clearly the hole she will eventually lay in. What will happen tomorrow? 23 April 9269 laid a rat egg today, and threw it out herself later in the day (see De-ise's notes, too). Details of the egg watch are with Walter + De-ise 24 April 9269 laid a normal egg today, not thrown out by anybody. Details of the watch are on the backs. De-ise + I gave both 90 plenty of opportunities to toss it before calling it quits. 25 April Walter reports both 90 laid at Road I today, taking total clutch to 3. See nest record 26 April Checked hole 1530: 5 eggs, 2 new ones marked + measured. See nest record. 27 April Checked hole, 1630: 7 eggs. See nest record 28 April Checked hole, 1200 8 eggs " " " 1 May Watching about a g-a-d-y, 1330, hoping to confirm that 9578 is indeed still here! 1355. Success, 9 578, Yellow/unt-6b. with Known breeding experience last year, here at Road I known not to have laid eggs (at least not 8 of the 13 laid!) 9269 9 363 r? 46c also see-

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1983 R.L.Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 1 NEST RECORD 19 April ♀383 lays runt egg in new sycano-e hole, thrown out by ♀269. Egg not measured, fate of egg not known. 20 April ♀383 lays normal egg ( ) removed by ♀269 at 1048 21 April ♀383 lays normal appearing egg (not measured), removed by ♀269 at 0731 22 April ♀383 lays late (0812-0830) egg (24.9 x 21.0), carried away by ♀269 at 0953. 23 April ♀269 lays runt egg thrown out by ♀269 (see Walter's + De-ise's notes) 24 April ♀269 lays normal egg①(25.5 x 20.2), not thrown out by anybody 25 April Walter reports 2 more eggs (total clutch now = 3) ② 24.8 x 20.3 (♀269?) & slight pip damage noted 1 May ③ 24.9 x 20.7 (♀383) 26 April Nest check 1530, 5 eggs ④ 25.3 x 20.1 (♀269?) & disappeared before 1400, 1 May ⑤ 24.3 x 20.3 (♀383? ) 27 April Nest check, 1630: 7 eggs ⑥ 25.6 x 19.7 (♀269?) ⑦ 24.7 x 20.7 (♀383?) 28 April 1200, 8 eggs ⑧ 24.8 x 19.9 (♀269?) Failed to hatch (egg ⑥ had been buried in woodchips, Extracted it). 1 May Nest check, 1400 7 eggs: egg ⑤ has disappeared, making skew 5-2. Egg ③ slightly damage (1mm diameter pip, but probably OK.

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1983 R.L.Mumm M. formicivorus Road 1 Nest Record (continued) 8 May Nest check, 1830. Hatching • 3 Nestlings (presumably from eggs ①,②+④) Egg ③ Damaged at last check missing r presumably failed to hatch. Egg ⑥ pipping, Egg ⑦ starting to pip, eg⑧ damaged, obviously will not hatch, removed. 10 May Nest check, 1030. 3 nestlings, 2 from ①,② or④, 1 from ⑥ (the first two marked on RL with Blue Sharpie. Egg ⑦ also present, infertile. 18 May ♀ looking out of hole at 1130. 1 June 1630 Banded 1 Nestling, Juv. 876. See capture record.

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1983 R.C. Munne M. formicivorus Roual (1 May) The bad news is that I checked the hole at 1415 and found only 7 eggs! Egg #5 has disappeared, for reasons unknown. Damaged? House wren? Snake? Who knows. Egg ⑤ was apparently one of ③883's, so the current skew is 5-2. What's more, egg ③, also of ③883 has a slight chick in it, meaning it may not hatch. Could be a strong skew in young fledged here. 8 May Checked nest, 1830; Hatching, see nest record. 10 May Checked nest, 1030: 3 nestlings, plus egg ⑦ that failed to hatch. Found hatching fragments of eggs ① or ④, leading me to suspect final skew is 3-0 in favor of ②269. One of the 3 nestlings marked with blue sharpie on 8 May was missing. 1 June 1630, Banded ⑥ a disappointing 1 nestling 5 June Granary census, 1415-1615, o-back. Routine. Birds doing a bit of sap-sucking from the Live Oak behind the 1° granary. ②269, ③883, ④86, ⑤78, ⑤79, ⑤80, ⑥72 all seen well. Only ②294 + ⑧804 missing. 6 June Granary census, 0810-1010; Same birds as yesterday plus ⑧804 seen too meaning only ②294 is missing. Best thing was that a ~3 foot gopher snake was in the middle stubs of the primary granary, being mobbed fairly vigorously by several birds, especially ④86, until the snake took refuge in a hole. The breeding ①Q ad ①helpers also mobbed with some enthusiasm. Though ⑤78 + ⑧804 were around, they didn't do much other than approach a few times.

Road | grand-y ce-suses 5 June 1983 1415 - 1615 1415 9383 2° 20 nobody 25 9269 2° 30 8672 2° 35 8269 2° 40 9269 8486 2° 45 nobody 50 8579 8672 1° 55 9383 1° 1500 8579 EA 1° 9578 2° 8672 1° 05 nobody 10 9269 2° 15 9269 2° 20 9269 1° 25 9269 1° 9594 2° 1530 9383 2° 35 9383 2° 40 9383 ws 2° 45 9383 8580 ws 2° 50 8579 2° 55 nobody 1600 8672 wH 1° | 8580 2° 05 8672 1° 10 9578 9383 2° | 8672 1° 15 9383 ws 9578 2° | 8672 1° defense 15/8 9269 Plaintiff 2 6 June 1983 0810-1010 0810 9269 2° 15 9269 2° 20 nobody 25 9269 2° 30 9269 2° 35 9383 2° 40 9269 2° 45 9269 2° 50 9383 2° 55 9383 2° 0900 8486 2° 05 8486 9269 8672 1° | 10 8486 9269 8672 9804 (mobbing snake!) 0915 9269 8672 ws 8486 8579 1° 20 9269 8672 8579 | 8486 ws 1° 25 nobody 30 9383 1° 9578 2° 35 9383 2° 9269 8486 9578 8579 8672 1° mob/snake 40 45 9269 8486 2° | 9578 8579 8672 ws 1° 9383 1° 50 9383 8579 8672 1° | 9269 | 9578 ws 2° 55 8580 ws 8579 2° 1000 8672 2° 05 nobody 10 8579 2° nodefense (other than snakes/mos) 15 June 1983 1055 - 1255 1055 9383 9383 2° nobody 1100 nobody 05 9383 8486 2° 10 8486 8486 2° 15 8486 8486 8486 9383 2° 20 9383 2° 25 9269 EA 8672 1° | 9383 wH 8579 ws 2° | 30 8672 1° 9383 2° 35 9269 1° 40 9269 1° | 8580 8672 ws 2° 45 8486 ws 2° 50 9269 8486 1° 55 9269 1° 1200 nobody 05 " 10 9383 1° 15 9383 1° 20 9383 1° | 8580 ws 2° 25 9383 1° | 8579 2° 30 9383 1° wH 35 8580 2° 40 9269 ws 2° 45 nobody 50 8579 2° 55 8579 2° No defense 1874 freeded!

1983 R.L.Mumme 7 M. formicivorus Road 1 15June Routine granary census, 1055-1255, On back of page 6. J876, fledged + looking healthy, was the highlight of the watch. Again, ♂294 is missing: I'm beginning to worry about him. 8July Very busy granary census here, 1125-1325: Birds doing a lot of supsucking. Very good census. I'm just about 100% sure that ♂294 is gone for good. ♂486, ♀269, ♀383, ♂578 ♂579, ♂580, ♂672, ♀804, J876 all seen several times each. Still some stored acorns. 10July Another busy granary census. Complete census, except for ♂294 he must be gone. 12July Slow, hot granary census, Only ♀269, ♀383, ♂486, ♂579, ♂580, ♂672, J876 seen 18 July Granary census, 1455-1655. 1455 ♀804 1° 1500 ♀383 10 05 "" 10 "" 15 "" 20 ♂672 ws/| J876 ws 20 25 ♂580 ♂672 ♀804 1° 30 ♂672 ws 10 35 ♂672 EA ♂579 10 40 ♂672 ♂579 ♂578 10| ♀269 ♂580 20 45 ♂579 EA ♀804 10 50 ♂579 10 55 nobody 1600 nobody 05 nobody 10 nobody 15 nobody 20 nobody 25 ♂486 J876 20 WS 30 ♂578 J876 20 35 ♂580 """ nodefense. dominant: ♂579 pecks ♀804 Once again, complete census, and ♂294 is certainly gone

8 July 1983 Road | Summer Canary census 1125 - 1335 Acorns present 1125 8486 10 | 9269 2° 30 9269 2° 35 8579 8580 8486 2° 40 8579 8580 J — 1° 45 8580 8579 10 | 8486 2° 50 8580 8579 J — 1° | 8486 2° 55 8578 J — WS½ 8579 9804 2° | 8580 WS 2° 1200 8579 9804 8672 3 9579 MA 1° | 8580 2° 05 8579 J — 9383 WS, 8486 9578 9804 8672 8580 10 10 8672 9269 9804 EA 4 J — WS 1° 15 9804 8580 EA | 9269J' 8579 1° 20 8579 8486 9269 9804 J — 1° 25 8486 10 | 9269 8579 2° defense 1313 9269, 9578, 8579 Scrub Jay 2 10 July 1983 0745 - 0945 0745 nobody 50 8579 2° 55 9383 1° 0800 9383 9269 2° 05 9269 1° 9383 2° 10 9269 1° 15 9269 1° | 9383 8579 9804 2° 20 9269 9804 10 | 9383 8579 8486 J 876 2° 25 9269 10 | 8486 8579 2° 30 9269 10 | 8579 8580 2° 35 8579 J 876 1° | 9269 9383 8486 2° 40 8580 876 8580 10 | 9804 10 45 9804 8579 | 9269 WS J876 10 | nobody 20 defense 0755 9383 Plain Tit 2 0803 9269 1" 1° 0831 9269 G. Squirrel 1 dominance 9269 picks 9804 ha-A 12 July 1983 0710 - 0910 0710 9383 1° 15 nobody 20 nobody 25 8579 8580 9269 2° 30 9269 2° 35 nobody 40 9383 2° 45 9269 2° 50 9269 2° 55 9269 2° 0900 9383 WS 8580 2° 05 9269 8486 8580 2° 10 9383 1° | 8580 2° no defense 0815 9269 9383 1° | 8486 8580 2° 20 9269 9383 1° | 8486 2° 25 9269 1° | 8486 2° 30 9269 1° | 8486 2° 35 9269 1° | 8486 9383 J876 2° 40 9383 2° 45 9383 1° | 8486 J876 2° 50 9383 1° | 8486 J876 2° 55 9383 1° | 8486 9269 J876 2° 0900 9383 1° | 9269 8486 8580 J876 2° 05 9269 9383 J876 2° 10 9269 9383 8580 2°

1983 R. L. Numme M. formicivorus Road 1 21 July Routine grany census, on back. All 9 birds seen well. 22 July Final routine grany census. 29 July Patty of Mammalogy Class finds J876 DOR in between Road 1 & Finch. About 30 feet closer to Finch was one of the u-baded "Finch" Juveniles, also dead but not as fresh, ♂294 disappearance Road 1 not abandoned. By Fall 83, only ♂486 ad ♀269 remained.

21 July 1983 Road 1 1400 8486 1° | 9269 2° 05 9383 MA 2° | 8° 10 8580 8672 20 | 9578 10 15 9383 1° | 20 9383 1° 25 9383 1° 30 9383 1° 35 9269 1° 40 9269 1° 45 J876 EA 9404 1° 50 9269 1° | J876 2° 55 9269 8580 1° 1500 9269 ? 10 1505 9269 9578 1° 10 8579 1° | 8486 WS 2° 15 9383 2° 20 9383 1° 25 9383 1° | 8579 WS 9269 2° 30 9383 1° | 8580 2° 35 J876 1° | 8580 2° 40 J876 WS 1° 45 nobody 50 nobody 55 8580 9383 2° 1600 9383 1° | 8672 2° Nodefense 22 July 1983 1105-1305 1105 9269 1° J876 2° 10 9269 1° | J876 2° 15 nobody 20 9269 WS J876 1° ( 8579 2° 25 9269 J876 1° | 30 9383 1° | 35 9383 9269 1° 40 9383 9269 J876 1° | 8486 2° 45 J876 WS 9269 1° | 8486 2° 50 9269 2° 55 9269 1° 8579 2° 1200 9269 1° 05 8579 WS J876 1° 1210 J876 1° | 8579 2° 15 J876 1° | 9518 9383 2° 20 8579 2° | 25 9269 8580 1° 30 9269 1° | 8579 2° 35 8579 8672 WS 1° | 9383 2° 40 8672 WS 8579 1° | 9383 2° 45 8580 8579 8672 9578 1° | J876 2° 50 9383 9578 8579 1° 55 9383 9578 1° 1300 9383 1° 05 9383 1° dom 9269 pecks 8580 !

1983 R.L. Numme Melanerpes formicivorus Finch 10Jan Watched here 1130-1300: 9614 a-d J817 are definitely gone. F see 863, 866, 9541, 8542, 9543, 8613 8616, a-d 9816 repeatedly and 8501 briefly. Conspicuously absent are 8282 and 8540, usually two of the more conspicuous birds. Interestingly, two of the sycamore roostholes overhanging the East bridge parking lot have fallen recently, but I found no evidence of woodpeckers in the remains. Finch birds were actively storing acorns in the Valley Oak. 866 a-d 9543 seemed especially busy. 17Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 8614 disappeared 16July ± 2 weeks. Last seen 6July, missing 26July ② J817 disappeared 1 Sept 1982 ± 1 month Last seen 26July, Gone by 5Oct. 21Mar Watching, 1120. 1300. Slow, but not too bad: 863, 866, 9541, 8542, 8543, 8613, 9816 all seen well + repeatedly. 8282 + 8540 still missing, as were 8501 a-d 8616. 31Mar Walter told me of a new hole under construction here in the usual nest limb. At 1120, I find a 8 with sawdust on his bill looking out of a very low hole in the sycamore. Worth keeping an eye on. This hole is in the live part of the limb, so it could be accessible by free climbing, though the short extension ladder would probably be best.

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1983 R.C. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Finch 5 April Watching here 0945, looking for any signs of mate guarding. Doesn't look like it. 0955, ♂66 working very concernedly in the Valley Oaks, moving acorns. For awhile, ♀541 nearby, but ♂66 flew away from her, returned, then failed to follow her. Certainly he should be guarding, if anyone is. 1025, also saw ♂66 move away from ♀543. Only other birds seen were ♂613, ♂542 (who followed ♀543 once) and ♀816 14 April Another watch, 1200-1300: Not as good as on 5 April, but still looks like nothing's happening. ♂66 flew in by himself once or twice. ♀541 & ♀543 moved around a few times, not obviously followed by anybody. Maybe Finch won't nest this year. 28 April Another dull watch: ♀541 + ♀543 both conspicuous, but no evidence of any ♂ guarding one or the other. ♂63, ♂66, ♂542, ♂616 (not seen since January), ♀816 all seen, too. 1 May Quick look here, ♀541 + ♀543 hanging out in the Sycamore granary, but nobody seems to be paying them much mind. 2 June Watching 1445. Looks dull. Only interesting thing is that I clearly saw ♀543 take several sharp pecks at ♀541, so at least I now know that dom. relationship. ♀816 (seen a week ago at [illegible], ♂616, ♂542, ♂66 also seen. Nobody in any hole, no evidence of food carrying, etc. 1530, ♂613 also seen, as well as ♂63. So a complete census.

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1983 R.C.Mumme M.fornicivorus Finch 22June Watching here, 1230-1300: I'm convinced Finch is not interested in nesting. No evidence of guarding of 9541, or food carrying. 66, 9541, 613, 816 the tinky birds seen- 29June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 501 disappeared 15 Feb 1983 ± 1 month. Last see- 10 Jan, gone for sure 21 March ② 282 + 540 moved + founded Mac Flat 24 Dec 1982 ± 2 weeks Last seen by Alan at Finch 9 Dec 82. Definitely gone from Finch by 10 Jan 9July 1500 Strange happenings here. On the way up to Road 1 am, distracted by calling juveniles, I find that, like Plaque, Finch seems to be in the process of adopting juveniles. One banded juvenile grandchild of Finch from MacFlat, so that is similar to the stay at Plague. However there are at least two (perhaps 3 or more) unbanded juveniles as well. At first I was afraid that I had missed a nest, and that JuvUB's were Finch offspring. However, they were being chased + pecked fairly vigorously by Finch adults (similar to the way the Plague adults treated the Pipeline juvenile) and never saw any adults feed the juveniles. I also got the impression that the MacFlat baby was being treated more equitably than the unbandeds, further suggesting that the unbanded were not Finch offspring. Anyway, this situation bears further watching. 63, 66b, 541, 542, 543, 613, 616 all seen well,

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1983 R.L. Mumme M. formicivorus Finch 18 July Heading up to Roadl again, I see at least two juveniles (I certainly unba-ded) and hear at least one more. The two juveniles were begging from a ♂ in the Valley Oak graveyard at 1450. 16 July Walter found the dead, long gone (~1 year) remains of ♀614 along the creek here today. So ♀614 certainly died, did not move. 29 July Patty of Mammalogy class finds one of the UB Juives DOR just below the bridge. Probably has been dead ~ 4-5 days or so. Finch ABANDONED Fall 83

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1983 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus MacFlat (NEW GROUP!) 5 April Sometimes I really have to wonder if we've been asleep all winter. At 1100 I "discover" a new group that's been under our very nose all winter. On the nice flat between Finch and Road 3, I flush 2 birds and find a lot of acorns stored in some of the dead sycamores (and a few in a spidly V0 Rd 3 birds used to flycatch + sapsuck from). 1119, upon PO Hill, I see a ♀ which I think is unbanded + probably belongs here. May take ablit to get a good watch in, however. 6 April Walk by at 1400, I ⚫ Flush a bird from a dead or nearly death sycamore right along the road (PO Hill side), where there is a new ⚫ hole under construction. ⚫ Get a look at a banded ♂, I read as M/Red (?). Will need todo better than this, however. 10 April Walking up here 0930, I see a banded ♂ M/Lpink (?) plus 2 other birds (!): So at least 3 birds here. The ♂ could be ♂540 from Finch, but we'll have to see. 0945, watching from high upon PO Hill. 1040, Success, the two ♂♂ here appropriate ♂540 M/Lpink + ♂ 282 Tan-Red/Tan-Red of Finch! ♂282 is the real surprise, because he's a supposed breeder at Finch. And the ♀ is, not surprisingly, unbanded. No evidence of any mateguarding going on, so it may be some time yet before they breed. 2 May Strolling by 1500, I flush a bird out of the hole tree along the road, but nothing serious yet, I guess.

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1983 R.C. Numme M. formicivorus MacFlat 18May MacFlat has nested! After flushing a bird out of a road- facing hole in the roadside sycamore (see map back of P.1) I climb up, open the hole and find 4eggs, ~6days along. This would put hatching at ~24 May, buring~14June 14June Banded 4 nestlings here, 1800; Juvs 902-905. Juv 902+903 seemed pretty healthy, Juv 904 was OK x J905 was quite rusty & underdeveloped. See caprecs, 29June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① FNB, ♂282, ♂540 founded MacFlat (NEW GROUP) ~24 Dec 1982 ± 2weeks (See Finch notes) 4Aug Here in the late afternoon, I find a couple of birds sapsucking from a Live Oak overhanging the road. They prove to be ♂540 D6rn / Lpink and a Juvenile, whose bands I read as m / Dblue-white. Unfortunately, it shouldn't be any of the MacFlat babies, unless I screwed up in boding J904 M/red-white, screwed up recording it on the field list, screwed up reading the bands, or something. MacFlat ABANDONED fall 83

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1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 17 Jan **GROUP UPDATE** ① ♂656 disappeared 9 Aug 1982 ± 1 week Last seen 30 July 1982; Missing 18 Aug. ② ♂793 disappeared 12 Sept 1982 ± 3 weeks Last seen 18 Aug, gone 5 Oct 5 March time for a watch here 0930 (Long overdue!) Gray, misty morning. 1130, only ♂654 ♂794 seen, and that's it. Will have to try again later 7 March Later, watching 1000. 1200, looking bad. Only ♀265, ♂654, ♂792 seen, well + repeatedly. At one point I thought a second ♀ was here, but I didn't see any bands. Anyway, this watch doesn't bode well for ♂68. He may well be gone, and as yet un-replaced because of the presence of ♂654 and ♂792. However, at least one more watch will be needed to confirm ♂68's disappearance 21 March trying again, 0905. 0925, ♂654 gives hot pursuit toa ? intruder. Could it have been a ♂? ♂68 does indeed appear to be gone. Will ♂654 mate with ♀265? 0935. Successful watch! ♀265, ♂654, ♂710 ♂792, ♂794 all seen very well. ♂68 is certainly gone, but 2 ♂ helpers (one 2yr old) may prevent immigration. 31 March Taking another look here - a beautiful AM, 1100: 1120, Looks like status quo: ♀265, ♂654, ♂710, ♂792 all seen well. Obviously no ♂ replacement yet. Will Road 3 Nest this year.

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1983 R.L. Munne Melanerpes formicivorus Road 3 5 April ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂68 disappeared 3 Jan 1983 ± 1 month 19 April Watching here 1220, for signs of nesting, mateguarding, immigrant ♂♂, etc. 1300, No sign of mateguarding. Saw ♀265 fly off once + ♂654 failed to follow, a-d ♂792 was seldom around. However, ♀265 spent several minutes excavating a hole on the right had fork just above (~1foot) the crotch. If they nest, I would guess that this would be the place. ♀265, ♂654, ♀794 ♂792 all seen well. Only ♀710 (seen intruding at Plaque a few weeks ago) missing. 4 May Susan reported a lot of interest in the new hole. I climb up at 1715 and find the hole deep + good looking, but without eggs 8 May Checked the hole here 1845, and sawofagun, 4 inbred eggs, meaning 5 May was first egg date Susan reported no guarding of ♀265 by either of her extant ♂ sons, ♂654 or ♂792. 10 May Opened the hole, still 4 eggs, so clutch was complete as of 8 May Road 3 ABANDONED Fall 83

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1983 R.L. Mumme M. formicivorus Road 3 NEST RECORD 4 may Peeped into new hole in sycanore, 1715: No eggs 8 may " " " " 1845: 4 eggs 10 may Opened deep hole, 1130: 4 eggs 18 may Bird looking out at 1200 22 may 1430 checked hole 2 Nestlings, 2 unhatched eggs. Nestlings ~ 4 days old, healthy, no evident in-breeding depression 11 June Banded 2 nestlings, neither particularly healthy, J. 897+898. RA 3 is out of acorns

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1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill 30 April After Walter reports a ♂ looking out of a new hole just below the 82 nest hole, I come up here, open the hole, and find 5 eggs, ~ day 6 in incubation. Another fragile hole, like last year's so we would do well to open it as few times as possible. 5 June Bad snake experiment here, 1030. The snake got out of the collar and took refuge in the hole above the 82 nest hole. While trying to extract the snake, I prematurely fledged one of the nestlings, which flew weakly to the ground near the Poison Oak tree + disappeared. Great. I peeped into the nest + saw at least 1 nestling still inside, 29 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀753+ ♂755 Moved to Cho-go 20 April 1983 ±1week Last see-at SHill 6 April (Philip) nest found at Cho-go 9 May. School Hill ABANDONED Fall 83

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1983 R. L. Mumme M. formicivorus School Hill NEST RECORD 30 April Opened new lower hole in 82 nest tree (blue oak SW of enclosure), 1700: 5 eggs, ~6-8 days old 11 May Checked hole via peeper (hole too fragile to open regularly) Looks like 3, (maybe 4) young ~5 days, plus one unhatched egg 27 May Banded 3 healthy nestlings, now Juvs. 872, 873, 874. See capture records.

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1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus School Hill West 17 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9531 disappeared 25July 1982 ± 2 months Lastseen 17 May, gone by 6 Oct. ② 9674 same dates, disappeared ③ J757, J759 NSAB, 28 may 1982 ④ 9874 + 875 (unbanded 99) moved to SHW 25July 1982 ± 2 months. One 9NVB three 6 Oct, two or 3 Dec 24March Watching from blind here, 1010: I flushed 3 birds as I walked up, including at least 1 certain (and perhaps 2) with unbanded 99. 1110, By now I've seen ♂530 Sp.t-or/M, and Red/M which I assume is 9758, plus the same or another 9NVB. 2 May Walked up here 1330, found a ♂ looking out of a new hole in the Sthwest granary. He didn't flush, and was down until I said "hello". Looks like a nest 3 May Opened the new hole here + found 3 nestlings, ~5days old! SHill west started pretty early. I should band here on 20 May. 20 May Banded 3 nestlings here SHW Abandoned Fall 83

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1983 R.L. Manne M. formicivorus School Hill West NEST RECORD 3 May Opened up new hole in granary, 1300: 3 nestlings, ~5 days old. [illegible] 20 May 1430, Banded 3 fairly healthy nestlings, Juvs. 860-862. See capture records

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1983 R.L. Munn M. formicivorus ARP too 7 June After a long struggle, I finally find the nest here (see map or back), in dead stub of a Valley Oak in the middle of the thicket between ARP + ARP too. You are banding age, too, from what I could see peppering. Also while watching the group here, it is apparent that it consists of a ♂NB, a ♀NB, and a 1st year (?) male m/Loren (?), which is possibly ♂800. A better look at him is needed, however. 29 June **GROUP UPDATE** ① Q642 disappeared 1 Dec 1982 ± 5 months. (Last seen 8 Jun 82, gone 7 June 1983) ② QNB moved here (Au) 1 Dec 1982 ± 5 months (present at ARP, too 7 June 1983) ③ J799 NSAB 820606 ARP, too ABANDONED Fall 83

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R.C. Mumne 1983 Melanerpes formicivorus ARF 7 May Through sheer luck, while walking [illegible] down from the Arnold, I happened to glance up at a Valley Oak along the road, 50 M down from the Big Bend, and saw a bird looking out of a nice new + easy (with rope ladder) hole. Seems like a sure nest. 16 May Walked by again, 1030 t 1400, still a bird looking out. 23 May Finally ope-up the hole here, finding 3 babies, ~8 days old (one nestling was quite a bit smaller than the others. 4 June Banded 3 nestlings here, now Juvs 880-882. 882 was quite runtish. ARF ABANDONED Fall 83

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1983 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Black Oak 17Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀320 disappeared 3 May 1982 ± 2 weeks Last seen 18 April, missing in nestwatch 18 May certainly gone by 18 Aug ② J740 NSA B 820526 ③ J828 disappeared 12 Sept 1982 ± 1 month Last seen 18 Aug, gone 7 Oct 29April Walking by 1245, I flush a bird out of the 'usual' nasty hole in the Valley Oak next to the granary, Guess they may have a nest 16 May Philip reports considerable interest in the "Poison Oak" Hole (81 + 82 second nests), but no sign of 9427, and only 7741 going into the hole. Very strange. Also, very quick visits by all birds, so I'm not sure if they have a nest (Philip saw no food in bills). 23may Big doings here: Watching from blind, 1400, I learn ① At least 2 new ♀♀ here: 9680 m / Blue and ♀505 (!) wnt/CPink from A1! 9505 is especially neat, because she is a widowed ♀ (from death of ♂100, see Susane notes) and apparently decided to leave A1, presumably because all the ♂ helpers there have prevented replacement ♀505 is being tightly guarded by at least 3 ♂ (I think ♂102, ♂426, ♂691 (!)) and ♀680 appears to be being guarded by ♂321 (again, not positive). Both ♀♀, but ♀680 in particular* are checking out the PO Hole. ♂497 also seems to be involved in guarding but I'm not sure how at the moment. Clearly, BO needs no work

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1983 R.L.Mumme M. formicivorus BlackOak 26May Watching, OBIO: Velly interesting. 3 Al 89 are here: ♂505, ♂680, and ♀568 [illegible] white/white, who seems to have a problem in her right eye. Only passing interest in the nesthole today, lots of opening watus, etc, so it looks like awhile before nesting. The 3 new 89, plus ♂426, ♂102, ♂321, ♂497, ♂691, were hanging out primarily in the 2° area, near the nest hole. Hanging out west of the main graveyard with the "helpers": ♂689, ♂713, ♂741, ♂742, ♂744, x ♂829 (only ♂743 is missing) The 10 gramy area itself appears to be a buffer zone, with both groups of birds making occasional forays there. OBIS, I hear lots of noise up by Al. PS in progress perhaps? 4June Very quiet, 1300. Thought I flushed a bird from the vicinity of the Poison Oak hole, but I wasn't sure. 8June Philip checks the PO hole, 0900; 5 eggs via peeper (bottom now unreachable). 29June **GROUP UPDATE** ① ♂427 disappeared 1 March ± 2 months Last seen 14 Dec 1982, certainly gone by 16 May 83. ② ♂505 + ♂680 moved to BO from Al 25 April ± 2 weeks, First evidence of these 89 at BO 16-23 May 1983. Last seen at Arnold I by Susan - 6 April. Missing at Al - 7 May. ♂743 disappeared, too BlackOak apparently abandoned Fall 83

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1983 R.L. Runne M. formicivorus Black Oak NEST RECORD 8 June Philip peeps in poison oak hole, 0900: 5 eggs 16 June Opened hole, 0915: 3 nestlings ~ 5 days old, plus 1 unhatched runt egg and one unhatched normal egg with full term embryo. 6 July Banded 3 healthy nestlings, now Juvs. 929-931

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1983 R.C. Murme Melanerpes formicivorus SOBO 17 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀640 disappeared ~ 25 Aug ± 3 months 1982 Last seen at nest 18 May, gone by 11 Dec. ② Juu. 737 + 738 NSA B 26 May 1982 4 March Watching here from blind, 0935. Sobo is still doing pretty well, acorn wise 1110, Finally, after a struggle, I get a full census: ♂639 Yellow/DBlue, M/ CBlue-Black, ♀659 M/ Bk-or ♂736 DBlue-Wht (N)/Red, and ♀739 CBlue-Yellow. Even- though I'm using the blind that's been sitting here since Dec, the birds seemed pretty upset with my presence. 1115, out of the blue it starts to rain very hard. 1130, end watch. Starting to look like the breeding ♀ is not going to be replaced, which will give us another case of "Finch Syndrome" 23 May Walked up + said hello to the granary holes. No response 4 June Nobody in the granary holes, 1300

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1983 R.C. Mumme M. formicivorus Arnold L 25 March 1300, $568 naive-wht/wht-mauve and $680 M/LBlue-R seen sapsucking from a Valley Oak along the fence line, 30 m S of the Keep Out Gate. 7 May Susan reports ♂100 absent once again, no sign of a nest. 16 May Nobody in any holes here, 1230. 23 may " " " " 26 May Hmm, a lot noisier here, 3 days later. After watching at Black Oak (See B notes.), I suspiciously walk up here at 0900 + find a Power struggle in progress. Basically, this is the story: ① With $505, $680, + maybe $568 at Black Oak, $760 was the only remaining ♂ at A1, and she was fighting off (or trying to) ~ 5 ♂NB that were hanging around. All appeared to be operating singly, with no cooperative groups as far as I could tell. The only banded ♂ intruder I saw was $816 White/ABlue-LGm of Finch(!), At least one ♂NB was around too. ② All the A1 ♂s were around: ♂679, ♂762, ♂826, ♂827: But all wee peripheral to the main event, and didn't seem that involved. But more important the long lost ♂100 Yellow-DGm Yell-OGm (lost a bad on right leg) is still here! This leads to the question of ③ was he around all winter (probably), and ④ Why did $505 go to BO in the first place? Of note, A1 is dead out of acorns, while BO still has plenty. I suppose that this could have precipitated

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1983 R.L.Mumme M. formicivorus Arnold I (26 May) 9505's departure, to "greener pastures". ③ After going elsewhere 1000-1100, I return at 1100 + find 9568 has returned (at least temporarily) to Al. She and 9761 appeared to be restoring order, had routed the intruders to the periphery, and were walking with the ♂♂ freely. The ♂, not surprisingly, seemed to take no part in helping the ♀♀. It will be interesting to see what happens here 4June 1130, I walk by + find the place completely quiet. Obviously, this has been resolved. We will have to watch here soon to find out for sure. 20June Watching here, 1615: Slow, but I do see 9568 m-w / w-m for sure (both eyes appear healthy again) so she did not move to Black Oak. ♂762 Also. 23Aug Interesting watch here, 0745 - 0930: Only three birds seen, but one is 9505 wh/cPik, who has indeed come back to Al. 9568 and ♂679 also seen well. The 3 birds were busy harvesting t eating some Q. chrysopis acorns from above the Al granary, one of very few trees that seems to have any acorns at all. Lots of Scrub Jays around, too.

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1983 R.L. Mumme M. formicivorus Keep Out 25 March 1245-1345 F dig up a full census here. Red/Red 706 m/, and 705 m/ Red-white, 9567 M/Red, Still a few acorns here, but not many. 9567 seen Sapsucking from a Valley Oak SW of the granary 16 May Still acorns + some birds hanging around here. Found a nice potential nest hole that looked fairly new up toward (V0) Lambert, plus one is the wrecked stub where Al nested last year. Both are abit far removed from KO proper, but worth keeping an eye on 23 May Yes keep out has a nest! In the hole in the V0 up toward Lambert, I twice flushed an adult and twice heard the sounds of very young nestlings (< 5 days, for sure). The tree is climbable, but F was almost up to the nest when I discovered that the nest limb was a bit dead and a bit hollow. It will be safer to try it later with the rope ladder. 4 June 1130, I find KO is out of usable acorns, and I'm wondering if the nest may have failed during the mis-able weather of the last few days. 1200, Nope, while watching Lambert I hear a bird waka + baby noise from the KO nest hole. Wrong, wrong wrong! This is Lambert's nest! See M. Lambet notes. Does keep out have a nest? If so, where is it? 12 June Walter finds the nest here, in the partially burned Live Oak near the granary. Uphep with Philip's short ladder, we had very old (~30days) 3 nestlings, Juvs. 899-901

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1983 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert 17 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂545 disappeared. 18 Aug 1982 ± 2 months Last seen 27 July June, missing 26 July (poor-watch) certainly gone by 8 Oct. ② ♀720 disappeared ~ 8 July 1982 ± 2 months ③ ♀862 (unbanded) " " " " " " Both last seen on 4 May, missing in poor watches on 26 July + 27 June, Certainly gone by 9 September 25 March First watch here since Dec, 1030: By 1130, Nobody has appeared in the granary yet, but I pick up a bunch of birds sap sucking from a spindly Valley Oak SW of the granary, ♂546, ♂624 LBlue-Red / LBlue-Red, ♀775 Dark/Yellow, and ♂777 Bkt/wh-Lgreen all seen sap sucking. Only ♀720 not confirmed, but she may have been around. 20 May Nobody in any holes here, 1400 16 May " " " " 1230 23 May Again found nobody in any hole, 1300. I also watched here a bit seeing only ♀775 Dark/Yellow and ♂777 Bkt/wh- Lgreen, although I flushed two other birds. However, this leads me to suspect that maybe ♀720 is gone, and Lambert is suffering from Finch syndrome. Another watcher or two would be good, here. 4 June well, I'm wrong. Mark watched a bit at the "Keep Out" nest, and saw 1 feeding visit by ♀ Red-Yellow/Red, which just has to be ♀720. So Lambert has nested. 8 June Banded 3 Lambert nestlings, Underweight Juvs. 894-896

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1983 R.C.Mumme 2 M. formicivorus Lambert 9 Oct Watching here, 0905: 1030. Nothing, no birds, and no acorns stored. Lambert seems to have been abandoned as a result of the crash. 6 Dec Watching here 1110, after Susan and I have placed ~1500 acorns in the granary. All but ~50 were put into the fallen "main" granary. About 50 were put into the "south" fe-celine Valley Oak (82 nest tree) ~1100 of the acorns were collected by Susan from Chews Ridge (mostly small Valley Oak, Live Oak + a few Black Oak + Golden Oak). About 400 all were some dry, hard acorns Fcollected (mostly Valley Oak + Live oak, about 50-50) in 1982 and had been dried, then sitting in a bag in my office. 1210. No action here yet. Lots of Scrub Jays flying around (many carrying acorns) but none yet have visited the granary.

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1983 R.L. Munnie M. formicivorus Fanny Arnold 25 March Watching here 1130-1245. Decent watch. I see 8835 M Yor-wnt 8834 ant-Blk/m, 8NB, and 797 white/DBlut = Red. No real evidence that 796 is here, but she might well still be here. FA appears to be OUT of acorns! 16 May No acorns, no birds, and nobody in any holes, 1200 23 May " " " " " 1400 Just as I was about to give up on this group, I see 834 Red/Blk-white in the grany. Still no evidence of a nest, though. 4 June No birds, nobody in any holes, 1200. 16 June watching, 0630: 0900; Good watch. 835, 834, 8NB, 796 all seen well repeatedly, after sapsucking from a blue oat on the E side of the ravine. Only 8 797 was missing, and he may be gone. Also, a 8NB was here for a while, acting like he may be part of the group. Further watching would be useful. The main point is that FA appears to have no nest: No interest in holes or food-carrying seen. 9 Oct FA seems abandoned: No acorns, no birds seen by Sandy (see her notes). Not SO FA not abandoned

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1983 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Upper Arnold 2 17 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J781 disappeared 2 Sept 1982±2months Last seen 27 June, Gone by 7 Dec 7 May Nobody in any holes here, 1330 16 May Success! 1130 I flush a bird out of the 82 nest hole (upper hole in the Blue Oak) and find 4 very fresh eggs, ~day 1 (I'm not at all sure that the clutch is complete). I should check this hole again 500- to confirm final clutch size. 23 May Didn't flush any body out of the hole when I walked past at 1430. ② 4 June Baby noises from nest, 1200 20 June Banded 3 nestlings here, with one dead nestling. See nest + capture records.

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1983 R.C. Mumme M. formitivorus Upper Arnold 2 NEST RECORD 16 May Reopened upper Blue Oak Hole (1982 nest hole), 1130: 4 eggs, quite fresh, ~ day 1. 4 June Baby noises + a brooding adult at 1200. 20 June 1645, Banded 3 nestlings (~24 days old), now Juvs. 914-916: One dead 20-day old was also in the nest, meaning all 4 eggs hatched.

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1983 R.L. Mummt Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Arnold 2 17 Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J784 disappeared ~ Oct5 1982 ± 2 months Last seen 26 July, gone by 11 Dec 29 April Flushed two birds out of the back hole at 1300, but peeping in I found no eggs. 7 May Flushed a bird from the back hole, found 3 eggs about 6 days colony. Nest record has details. 16 May Checked the hole "by hand over the hole". Heard at least two, maybe three young nestlings. 4 June Bared 3 nestlings, quite old (probably hatched ~10 may)

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1983 R.L.Mumme M. formicivorus Lower Arnold 2 Nest Record 7 May After flushing birds from back hole, 1315, checked hole. 3 eggs ~ day 6. 23 May "Baby noises" from hole, 1430. 4 June Banded 3 old (28 days) healthy nestlings, 877-879. See cap recs.

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1983 R.C. Numme Melanerpes formicivorus Bianca 17Jan ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9871 (9NB) died of unnatural cause 04Oct1982 ② Juvs. 764,765,766 NSA B 29 May 1982 ③ J.763 disappeared 23 July 1982 ± 2 weeks Lastseen 27 June, gone by 18 Aug 4 Jun Watching here 1230, after Walter reported the collapse of the main Black Oak granary tree. However, I still can find ~100 acorns stored in a dead limb of a Valley Oak 40m down the ridge, near the very tall, spindly Valley Oak. 1305, success. A 9NB and a 8NB definitely still here. First picked them up on the border of the woods between Bianca & Black Oak. Saw the 8NB fly to the knoll VO, then the 9 fly to the granary very purposefully to chase a Plain Titmouse. She was joined there by the 8NB. 16May Nobody in any holes, though birds + acorns appear to be present 23May Nobody in any holes 1430 4 Jun Nobody in any holes 24 June Watching 0740, 0900 OK. One 8 + one 9, both fairly surely (but not positively) unbandeD. No sign of a nest, though I did see the 8 holding an entire acorn for a few moments. I guess they still have a few acorns left. 9 Oct 1045, karrits + a good number of stored acorns (Golden Oak + Black Oak) indicate that Bianca is occupied.

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1983 R.L.Mumme M. fornicivorus Poison Oak Hill 21may 1600, I finally get up here in the annual Search for nests, and I do very well indeed. As I walk up into PO#1, I flush a bird from the vicinity of last year's nest, and climb up, ad find 4 healthy 12-day olds in the 1982 nest hole. Continuing on to PO#2, I see nobody looking out of the 82 hole, but on a hunch I climb up and find 3 good looking 16-day olds, plus one unhatched egg. I should come up again to band both groups in about 5 days. From PO #2 I headed down the Ridge toward Crith Ridge! Road 3, ad found PO #4 - an apparent state of abandonment. No acorns, no sign that any acorns had been present for some time. Yet, I heard birds there from PO #2, ad further down the ridge, near the old site of PO #3, I saw 3 birds, but no sign of a granary or nest. 25may Banded 4 nestlings at PO Hill #1 (Juvs. 865-868) ad 3 at PO Hill #2 (869-871). See capture records.

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1984 R.C. Mumme 73 Acorn Woodpecker ACORN ADDITION EXPERIMENTS 24 March Added 100 acorns, placed in charts of styrafoam gra-aries, to the following territories. Acorns were Quercus chrysolepsis ① Road 3 -- in sycamore: Birds already reoccupied ② Finch -- in sycamore: ③ Gate -- in sycamore ④ Westgate -- in sycamor- ⑤ 1800 -- in Valley Oak main gra-ary ⑥ 1500 -- " " " " ⑦ School Hill -- " " " " " : Reoccupied 25 March Added styrafoam + acorns to 5 more groups. ⑧ Blom one -- Valley Oak Main Gra-ary ⑨ Blom 3 -- In Blue Oak 82-83 nest tree ⑩ Dark Hollow -- In 82 nest tree (perhaps birds already here) ⑪ Hay Blom -- attached to utility pole adjacent to gra-ary ⑫ Low Hay -- In VO main gra-ary 14 April Added Styrafoam + 100 acorns to ⑬ Plaque -(utility pole) ⑭ Corral Vicjo Grande -- Valley Oak Main Gra-ary Added 100 acorns to the styrafoam already installed at ⑮ Road 3, Low Hay, + Dark Hollow; Gave Blom 3 + Finch 10 acorns, just to keep them interested 22 April Added 50 Acorns to Low Hay Plaque Road 3 CUgrade Dark Hollow. Low Hay, CUgrade, Road 3 totally out of the 100 give to them last week. 30 remained at Plague and 28 at Dark Hollow.

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1984 R.L. Munne Acorn Woodpecker Acorn Addition exp (co-t) 27 April Added 50 acorns to all 5 groups (Plaquet, Low Hay, Road 3, CV Grade, Dark Hollow). All had exhausted their 50 given on 22 April, except Dark Hollow, which had 3 acorns remaining. 29 April Gave 50 acorns to 1800 + Blom1, hoping to add them to the experimental groups. Acorns remaining 5800. 2 May Added 50 acorns to 7 groups: (Plaquet, Low Hay, 1800, Blom1, Dark Hollow, CV Grade, Road 3). Acorns remaining 5450. 5 May Added 50 acorns to all 7 groups. All exhausted 5100 8 May Philip adds 50 acorns to all 7 groups. [illegible] 4750 11 May 75 acorns to all groups 14-18 May 75 acorns to all groups 3600 17 May 75 acorns to all groups 21 May 75 acorns to all groups 25 May 75 acorns to all group 30 May 75 acorns to all groups 5 Jun 50 acorns to all 7 groups 13 Jun 75 acorns to all 7 groups

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Chongo 9 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ♂NB(1849), ♀753, ♀755 abandon Cho-go summer- Fall of 1983. Nest failed by 1 June 1983. Denise heard (did not see) birds here 30 Jane 1983, Clearly gone by 16 Oct (Sandy). Say Chongo abandoned 1 Sept 1983 ± 6 weeks.

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1984 R.L. Munne Acorn Woodpecker Buckeye 9 March **Group Update** ** ① ♀666 disappeared 5 July 1983 ± 1 month Last seen by Denise 2 June missing 7 Aug ② ♀664 disappeared 10 Sept 1983 ± 1 month Last seen 7 Aug, gone by 13 Oct ③ ♂663 disappeared 20 June ± 6 weeks Last seen by Susan 5 May, gone by 7 Aug ④ ♀NB (1876) disappeared 2 Dec 1983 ± 6 weeks Last seen by Sandy 19 Oct, gone by 16 Jan 13 Jun- **GROUP UPDATE** ** ① ♀NB (1890) Moves to Buckeye ~18 March 1983 ± 2 weeks First seen by Denise 6 April, not present on 4 Mar

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1984 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Plaque 3 March 1200, A second bird has briefly joined the lonely ♂521. After hearing wakas Beth and E find ♂521 plus a ♀ whose bands I read as or-wht/M, which is not easy to reconcile with anybody. Most likely candidate may be 752 <Blue /L6n-LBlue L6n-LBlue/M of PO Hill #2, banded as nestling 1-82 and not followed since. Anyway, ♂521 chased this bird around about 1 hr, but chasing was not particularly enthusiastic, only intermittent. Finally, the mystery ♀ flew off toward Still + PO Hill ~1315. By 1435, still very quiet, no action. 4 March So far today, I've heard very little activity here, and no evidence of a second bird. 9 March UNTIL 1600-1730, after a tough struggle I manage to (almost) confirm that there is a new ♀ here, and it is (almost certainly) ♀752 L6n-LBlue/M, banded as a 1982 nestling at PO Hill #2. Still would like a few more + better looks, because the LBlue on the split bands is exceedingly pale. Anyway, she and ♂521 seemed very cozy today: No sign of aggression between the two, and several times they were perched close together. Only a few wakas, however. ** GROUP UPDATE ① ♀494 disappeared 28 June 1983 ± 1 week Present 17 June missing 8 July ② ♀496 disappeared 30 Dec 1983 ± 2 weeks Present 14 Dec, gone 15 Jan, following aggression from ♂521 on 14 Dec. ③ ♂660 returned to Plaque 1 Sept 1983 ± 1 month

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1984 R.L. Mummt Acorn Woodpecker Plague (9 March) **GROUP UPDATE** (continued) ♂660 first seen back at Plague 20 July, but absent 21-22 July. Present 5 October. ④ ♂721, ♂723, ♂660 disappeared 30 Dec 1983 ±2 weeks Last seen 30 Nov (but at least two were around 14 Dec, all gone 15 Jan). ⑤ ♀752 moved to Plague 6 March 1984 ±2 days First seen 3 March, well established 6 March + 9 March. 7 April Watched here yesterday, saw ♂521 + ♀752. Today (1345) F hear a lot of wakus + find ♂521, ♀752, and ♂723 D6--BpNk(w)/Lpi-kt. A bit of aggression from ♂521 (saw 521 pock 723 once) but it looks like he will be accepted. ♀752 seems happy to see 723. Don't know if ♂721 (who was with ♂723 2 weeks ago at Low Hay) will return, too. 13 April Yes, 1130 F walk outside the lab + find ♂721 Yellow/L6m-yellow, along with ♀752 and ♂521. Did not see ♂723, however. 19 April After adding Styrofoam + 100 Acorns on 14 April, F find 60 acorns remaining in the styrofoam at 1200 20-21 April Granary watches here reveals ① ♂660 is back (seen 20 April, but absent on 21 April. He seemed very displeased with ♀752 for some unknown reason.) ② 21 April, ♂721 chasing ♀752 around, denying her easy access to the granary. Hard to see why ♂660 + 721 should be so displeased.

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1984 R.L. Mumme 3 Acorn Woodpecker Plague 27 April Turnoil at Plague, 0830. ♂521 ♂721 ♂723 all eve. ♂660 (who was looking solid at Pipeline a few days ago) here, but no immediate sign of ♂752. Also here are at least 2 ♀NB, being chased around by the ♂♂. Has the aggression against ♂752 finally forced her away? As of 24-25 April, my casual glances indicated a lot of chasing still going on. 1200 Pretty quiet now. All 4 ♂♂ seen again 4 May Plague continues to have its problems, 0800, an unbated ♀ here, being chased around most vigorously by ♂521, also a bit by ♂752. 23 May Finally settled here. 0700, 0830, I find ♂521, ♀752, ♂721 ♂723. ♂660 was here yesterday, but not this morning. No chasing of ♀752, so it looks much better for her. Also, Plague is excavating a new nest hole in a dead stub of one of the "firecliff" Valley Oaks along the water-table hill ravine. I climbed up ↑ found no eggs, and the hole still has always to go. It also looks like ♂521, plus perhaps ♂721, is guarding ♀752. Will have to keep tabs here 24-25 May Definitely not settled! A minor power struggle is progress here all afternoon. ♂660 (at Warp 5 in the morning) ♂521, ♂721, ♂723, all here but no sign of ♀752. ♀578 of Road 1 and at least 1 ♀NB here, garricking and being chased by the ♂♂. However, by 0900 on 25 May ♀752 is back looking cozy with ♂521, ♂721 ♂723 (♂660 presumably back at Warp 5). Huh!

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1984 R.C. Mumme 4 Acorn Woodpecker Plague 6 June Every morning for the last week there have been intruders hanging around Plague. [illegible] One that has been around the cabin utility pole is 7847 Red-BLK/white-Red, the '83 9 from Blon 2. She's been garricking x walking on the periphery. 8 June 1200 a minor PS here complete with 9785 + 9787 from 1800. 9787 seems friendly with 8521, 8660, 8721, 8723, but not 9785. Didn't see 9752. More later 12 June Watching here 0900-1030, this is the story. ① 9785 + 9787 from 1800 seen to be the main 99 here, although at least 1 (maybe 2) 9NB are around, too. Also seen was 9847 of Blon 2. Plus a 9 whose Lands I read as [illegible]. It's possible that that 9 is 9752, but a better look is needed. A lot of chasing/ garricking during the watch. 8521, 8721, 8723 all here, but no 8660 this morning. He, perhaps, is out there at Warp 5. He seems to be at Warp 5 in the mornings, Plague in the afternoon. 1600, Things much calmer here 13 June ** GROUP UPDATE ① 8723 returns to Plague 7 April 1984 At Low Hay 23 March, first seen at Plague 7 April ② 8721 returns to Plague 13 April 1984 (first seen that date) ③ 8660 returns to Plague 20 April 1984 Though shuttling between Plague + Pipeline-Warp 5 May-June.

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1984 R.L. Munne 5 Acorn Woodpecker Plague (25June) Watched here, 1400, I find ♂521, ♂721, ♂723, plus (shit!) a ♀NB! Bummer! No sign of ♂752. These 4 birds seemed quite happy together, with no obvious signs of aggression 22 July During the last week, still a lot of noise (wakas, some garricks, +drums) at Plague. Watching at 1030, I find a ♀NB again, [illegible] Plus ♂521 and ♂721. 1120, I see ♂723, too. Looks like a stable group of four [illegible] birds

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Y 9 March The Y granary, which halfway fell in a March 83 storm, is now leaning precariously, ad will probably not last long. **GROUP UPDATE** ① ♂669 ♀675 abandoned Y 15 July 1983 ± 1 month Last seen there by Denise 18 July. No evidence of any birds here 13 Sept and 6 Oct. 4 April Bill + Walter reports birds hanging around the aviary Y, pines, etc. One of the aviary birds, Walter looked at was ♂669 at 1545, see no action 12 April 1230 who should be sitting in the Lower Barn forests than ♂754, the 1982 SHILL nestling that hung out war-06/M at Y a good part of last summer. See-Well Co/war-06~ Check Denise's notes. I think she has seen this guy recently. Down toward the pump a QNB and another ♂ (I suspect SHILL). Yes! It is QNB x ♂669 who then exchange wakas with ♂754. Neat 30 May Y produces a nest, see nest record 13 June **GROUP UPDATE** ① ♂669 ♀675 ♂754 found Y 16 April 1984. ② ♂669 back at SHILL 5 April, All 3 present at Y on 16 April)

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Y Nest Record 30 May Opened new. high hole in the sycamore just below the Y: 3 eggs fresh. (Clutch may not be complete) ① 18.8 x 15.4 (ru-t) ② 25.7 x 20.0 ③ 25.6 x 20.4 6 June Opened hole, 4 eggs Should hatch ~11 June ④ 26.0 x 21.0 should bad ~3 July 16 June Checked nest 1100: Only 1 nestling, no sign of unhatched eggs 28 June Checked nest, Cold + Empty: Failed

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1984 R.C. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker 1500 9 March GROUP UPDATE ** ① 1500 (♂297, ♂622, ♀601, ♀675, ♀818) abandoned 15 Aug 1983 ±1 month. All 5 birds last seen 17 July no evidence of birds here at all during 13 Sept acorn survey, or on 6 Oct 4 April See Philip's notes for the series of interesting events that have transpired since the acorn addition Here at 1630 are a ♀NB, plus ♂770 + ♂771 According to Philip, the artificial granary is about out of acorns but I saw the ♀NB carrying an acorn bit to the 10 grams from the 2° granary. I also could see at least 1 bird on S Hill as I was watching The 3 birds here. 11 April Interesting watch here 1015-1045, ♂770, ♂771, ♀NB all here, but only ♂770 + ♀NB were together. These two were always in the granary together, waking together, etc. The only time I saw ♂771, he was in the "treehouse" area SW of the granary. He karried a few times awked to himself, but that was about it. 1145, ♂771 flew over here to granary. See 1800 notes 26 April Ah, yes! 1030, I find two old friends in residence: ♂297 + ♀601 both seen very well, See Philip's notes for 23 April. He saw ♂622 on that date, but no evidence of a third bird today. See 1800 notes for this date, too. 29 April 1000-1100, Looking here I once again find only ♂297 + ♀601. No evidence of ♂622.

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1984 R.L. Munne 2 Acorn Woodparrer 1500 13June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂770, ♂771, ♀NB(1891) 28 March 1984. All 3 first seen at 1500 that date. ♂770 + 771 also tried to co-trol 1800 ② ♂770, ♂771 moved to 1800 23 April 1984 ③ ♀1891 disappeared 23 April 1984 ④ ♂297, ♀601 returned to 1500 23 April 1984 14June Very interesting developments here: Walking by at 1000, I see 3 birds here: They prove to be ♂297, ♀601, and ♀682 Blue-Red/Blue, ♀601's sister from Gate, who has been seen haying out at Warp5! A very nice case of sisters moving independently, several years apart: ♀601 in August 81 (then May 82), and ♀682 in June 84. Good Stuff. All 3 birds look very comfortable together, flycatching from same tree, etc.

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker 1800 9 March GROUP UPDATE ① 9785, 9786, 9787 left group 10 June 1983 ± 2 weeks Last seen around 1800 off/on during May, clearly gone by late June. 9787 seen introducing at Plague 27 Aug ② 1800 (9193, 8770, 8771, 8774, J917, J918) abandoned 17 Aug 1983 ± 1 month Last seen (all 6 birds) on 21 July. No birds present here on 13 Sept and 6 Oct ③ J919 NSAB 21 June 1983. 5 April Things are very confusing here. Yesterday (4 April) pm I found 9650 (regularly), 9648 (firefighting) and 2 rather dark-typed 8♂, neither of which I could get the bands of. Today, I find the same two 8♂, and still have no luck seeing the bands of the two 8♂. I'm getting the impression, however, that 8♂770 & 771 are continuing to shuttle back and forth between 1500-1800. When I started at 1000, the 9NB at 1500 was garrickering + waking to herself almost constantly. Also During this time, I could see 28♂ + 2♀♀ together in NE 1800, At 1045, the commotion from 1500 seemed to stop and no 8♂ seem to be around. Only 1 acorn left in the artificial granary. 1140, confirm 8771 here with 9648 11 April 1100, 9648 + 8771 together here for a long time, then 8771 flew back to 1500 (where he was absent earlier) I suspect (see 1500 notes) that 8771 will eventually move here. No evidence of 9650. Saw 9648 eat an acorn bit, so same still around.

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1984 R.L. Mumme 2 Acorn Woodpecker 1800 26 April Watching here, 1115-1200, I find ♂771 (evicted from 1500 by ♂297 & ♀601) but no ♂NB; instead, ♀648 is indeed here, and also no evidence today of ♂770 (though Philip saw him around here on 23 April). 29 April Arg! 1100, I find a ♂NB here, waking to herself, with no evidence of other birds around. At 1500, I return and give 1800 50 across, hoping to stagger some permanent lay some residents 24 May Short watch here 0810-0830, with great results ♀193 Dblu/Pink/Dblu is back! One of the old ones, and a workhorse ♀ at that. Also seen: ♂785 Blue-Yellow ♂787 Red-Yellow/M and ♂770 cBlu/LPi-rt-Dblu ♂771 Green-Black/, and ♂774 Yellow / Black-c Blue. Just about a full co-tinset. It will be interesting to see if they nest, and if all the ♀♀ lay. 13 June 1800 does produce a nest (5 eggs): See nest record, Philip's incubation watches. But only ♀193 laid: Shortly after laying, ♂785 & ♂787 turn up at a power struggle at Plague ** GROUP UPDATE ① ♂770, ♂771 found 1800 23 April 1984 (see 1500 notes) ② ♀193, ♂785, ♂787, ♂774 return to 1800 10 May 1984 Before ♀193's return, ♀648, ♀650, and a ♂NB were hanging out at 1800 during April

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker 1800 NEST RECORD 6June Checked 82-83 nest hole 5 ~3 day eggs should hatch ~ 15June bad ~8July 13June Measured 5 eggs ① 23.8 x 19.7 ② 23.6 x 19.6 ③ 25.0 x 19.4 ④ 25.3 x 19.4 ⑤ 22.7 x 18.9 28June Peeped in, 1000: 4 13 day babies 7July Walter + Philip bad 3 nestlings here. Don't know what happened to the fourth. Maybe fell out.

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1984 R.C. Mumme Melanerpes forficivorus Haystack Blonquist 8 March 0930-1000, Hay Blom still looks abandoned: No sign of recoccupation, despite warm, sunny weather. 9 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① Juvs 936, 937, 938 NSAB 19 July 1983. Although one was probably alive on 14 Sept. ② Hay Blom (9604 9711 8571) abandoned 28 Sept 1983 ± 2 weeks. On 14 Sept 1983 acorn survey, I saw one adult ♀ and a juv. in the gra-ary, Birds were gone for good 12 Oct 1983 23 March 0900, I flush a woodpecker out of the fo-celie nest tree here. The bird flew to the trees around the poison oak patch, then continued on to the Low Hay area, 0910, a ♂NB gives 4 garricks right at the summit of haystack. The at 0925, I spot a second ♂NB (Sohn ♂♀ in sight at one time) poking around in the gra-ary. This latter ♀ later flew off to the fo-celie tree. These two ♀♀ are clearly not a unit. In fact, both seemed to be operating alone, without ♂♂. The second ♀ seems to be pretty much in residence here, but solo. 27 March 1220, First watch after installation of artificial gra-ary and acorns on 25 March. 1245, No evidence of any birds around, and no evidence that anybody's been eating the acorns. Perhaps the ♂NB of 23 March was an early visitor. 5 April Saw the Low Hay Birds fly over here (♂571 + ♂NB) and Find still 75 acorns in the "gra-ary"

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1984 R.L. Munne Acorn Woodpecker Hay Blom 13June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂571, ♀604, ♀711 found Hay Blom 11 May 1984 all were at Low Hay April - 11 May.

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1984 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lower Haystack 8 March Watching 1000-1030; Warm, sunny day, but no evidence of any birds here yet. 9 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① Juvs 923, 924, 925 NSHB 29 June 1983 ② δ857 disappeared 1 July 1983 ± 2 weeks. ( present during spring granary crashes, absent summer; see Philip's notes). ③ Low Hay (♀587, ♀524, ♂NBE18807, ♂858, ♂NBE18867, ♀J926) abandoned 18 Aug 1983 ± 3 weeks Last seen (all birds) on 23 July. Absolutely nobody seen in fall acorn survey 14 Sept, 12 Oct. 23 March Good news here! Low Hay is occupied by 3 banded birds. They are: ① δ721 Yellow / Corn-yellow o.d.δ723 M/Dawn- Dawn-(Pink(N)) / L Pink, both from Plague, and both apparently forced out by δ521 in Dec..br! With them is ♀ Dorn-(Pink(N)) / M , who I can't find on the 83 field list. Will have to check her out. Anyway, these 3 birds seem fairly well established here. All 3 were in the granary when I walked up at 1000, but I didn't co-firm ID's until 1120. Hmm! My colorblindness strikes again! Only ♀ D Blue-Yellow(N) / Yellow Eco square is the longest 9650 (Formerly of Blom!), Not absolutely sure, of course. This will take another look. 27 March 1250, First watch here since artificial granary w/100 acorns installed on 25 March. 1330, Musical Chairs!

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Low Hay (27 March) Instead of seeing 8721, 8723, ad 9650, I see two completely different birds! They seem to be 8571 Blue-Black/Blue (pretty sure) and a ♀ Lbn-Dorn/M whose bands I read as Lbn-Dorn/White (or something like that: sure of the light-dark split, pretty sure of white, certain of metal). They seem at home and well established. What's going on? Interesting that 8571 would come to Low Hay when his old haunts of Hay Blom + Gazebo appear to be available 1350. Now 9650 shows up Blue-Black/M, leading to the suspicion that the other ♀ is her immigration, partner 9649 (or 648?). I will have to check. No activity on the grany lins, but Front only 75 acorns remaining. 5 April Here 1200, 8571 M /Blue-Black, plus a ♀ which I am almost certain is unbanded. Bom sit in the grany ~10 min, then fly off toward Hay Blom. (Philip has seen these birds, Loc at rear 8571) filching acorns from Hay Blom. 13 June ** GROUP UPDATE ① 8571 founds Low Hay 27 March 1984 ② 9604 9711 move to Low Hay 9 April 1984 These 3 birds controlled Low Hay + Hay Blom until 11 May, forced to leave by 9524, 2 ♂NB) ③ 8571, 9604 9711 move to Hay Blom 11 May 1984 ④ 9524 ♂NB, ♂NB (1992, 1993) move to Low Hay 11 May 1984 ♂NB may be same as 83 ♂NB

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1984 R.L.Mumme Acorn woodpecker Low Hay NEST RECORD 16 July Banded 3 young ~24 days old here in the "usual" (1982-1983) nest hole. Philip had found the nest earlier. See his notes.

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Gazebo 9 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J932 NSAB #⑧ 7July 1983 ② 9570 disappeared 20 March 1983 ± 2 weeks last seen at Gazebo 5 March. Gone by the beginning of April or so (see Susan's notes). ③ Gazebo (9653, 9819, 9820, 8822, 8821, 8836) abandoned 7 Sept 1983 ± 1 month, ♂718 and ♂836 were there 3 Aug. Everyone gone from Gazebo 10 Oct, ♂836 probably died, because his sibs (♂717, ♂718) returned to CU Grande. The two ♂ helpers (821 and 822) may have left the group earlier but its hard to say. ④ ♂717, ♂718 returned to CU Grande 7Sept 1983 ± 1 month. ⑤ 3 Juvs (933, 934, 935) all seen 3 Aug 1983, Abandoned Gazebo 7 Sept 1983 ± 1 month. 12 April A quick stop here, 1200, no evidence of any birds around. 13 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9653, ♂717, ♂718 found Gazebo 17 April 84 ♂717, and to a lesser degree ♂718, were at Blan. 3 during late March and the first half of April

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1964 R.C. Murrie Acorn Woodpecker Gazebo NEST RECORD 13June Flushed a bird out of 83 (low) nest hole 15June Checked nest: 4 eggs, 3-4 days old ① 27.8 x 19.0 ② 27.2 x 19.0 expect hatching 23-24June ③ 26.2 x 18.7 Back 16 July ④ 26.1 x 19.0 27June Checked nest 0815: 4 babies, ~3-4 days. Bad ~ 16 July. 16 July Banded 4 nestlings. All 4 were very poorly developed, of low weight, and half starved.

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Blomone 9 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① Juv 920 NSA B 12 July, 1983 ② Blomone (♂492, ♂830, ♂832, 9808, 9809, J921, J922) abandoned: 25 Aug 1983 ± 6 weeks, All birds were seen 12 July gone 10 Oct. 11 March Walking past at 0920, Philip + E see ♂717 Yellow-Red/Yellow of CU Grade, exploring the granary, poking around in storage holes, having it all to himself. Philip watched here 9 March and didn't see anybody. Whether he sticks around remains to be seen. 5 April A look here, 1245, reveals a single Bald eagle ♂ whose bands I read as M/Black. Sounds like it could be ♂492 returning, but I'll need a better look to eliminate the possibility of ♂571. No evidence of other birds around. 46 acorns remain in the Styrofoam. 7 April 34 Acorns and no birds here at 1200. Philip waiting for 2 hours from the blind and saw nobody. 9 April A quick look here or awidy, chilly afternoon, E find a FNVB alone in the granary. 2 acorns remain here 12 April Passing by last night I saw a lone bird here, but E find nothing 0830-0900 26 April Very breezy watch 0900-1000. I see ♂492 M/Black, ♂812 DBIut / Black -pink 9808 or /, and ♀ 809 M / (while 9812 is sight elsewhere). This is the same situation. Philip reported 23 April, though I saw 9812 + 9808 at CU Grade the same day. Also saw 9854 of Gate intruding here. (Note: By this date, 9854 was probably moving to OK Coral

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Blom 3 9 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① Juvs 910, 911, 912 NSHB ② 9767, M 769, M 839, 9841 disappeared 15 March 1983 ± 2 months. All caught in 9 Dec a-bush, not seen again + missing 1 July. ③ 8768, 8840, J913 disappear abandoned 21 Aug 1983 ± 6 weeks Last looked at 1 July; Blom 3 abandoned by 11 Oct. 7 April <5 acorns remaining here in styrofoam grocery. See Philips notes. It seems likely that Blom 3 may now be occupied by 8717, 8718, and a 9NB. ① These 3 birds were hanging around here (between Gazebo CU Grade + Blom 3), while Denise watching CU Grade at the same time, saw 9NB + 8837. ② The quith 8717- 8718 drummed, not to be expected of an old resident 9, if indeed that's who she is. 1135 Yes! Back in the Blom 3 groaney are 8717, 8718, 9NB. Sehr Gut. Lots of wakai-ing here too. I'm now certain that Blom 3 is occupied by these 3 birds. 12 April A quick look, 0945, reveals 8717 and a 9 with a very heavy left mustache. Back by 1100, I find that same 9 (9NB) + 8717 again, but no trace of 8718. Not even a suggestion that a 3rd bird might be around. 13 June ** GROUP UPDATE ① 9NB founds Blom 3 30 March 84 (8717 8718 with her until late April) ② 8768, 8769 return to Blom 3 1 May 84

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Blom 3 NEST RECORD 27 June 1100, Found surprise nest in Valley Oak in hollow between Blom 3 + Gazebo + CV Grande. 2 @ 18-day nestlings, banded 944+945.

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Dark Hollow 9 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 824 disappeared 10 June 1983 ± 2 weeks: Present 24 May, missing 30 June ② 9825 disappeared 13 May 1983 ± 1 week. Present 2 May, gone by 24 May. ③ Dark Hollow (9695 9696, 8584) abandoned DH 7 Sept 1983 ± 1 month: 9695 8584 seen here on 3 Aug. Clearly abandoned by 11 Oct). 7 April 0815, Wonder of wonders, 8584 (pink/mauve) has recaptured Dark Hollow. He's here alone, karritting, and occasionally drifting into long bouts of garricks No evidence of other birds, though 8584 has wakard to himself occasionally, also checking out the 83 nest hole Still 25 acorns in the grass. 1030, after seeing a 9NB fly this way from CU2, sure enough, I come over and find a 9NB with a 8 (assumed 8584) She ate a worked on an acorn for a while, then took off solo up toward the N out knoll of Blonde. She wakard once to 8584, but I'm sure its premature to consider her part of the group. 1035, 9 + 8584 return for a moment, the 9 takes off toward Gazebo. 8584 karrits + garricks for ~2min thereafter M/Yellow-white 12 April Another change! 1000 F-find 9819 Red/white-yellow of Gazebo here instead of 9NB. Also saw 8584. 8584 chased 9819 mildly at times, but 9819 has looked pretty persistent. < 5 acorns remain in thy styrofoam here, though I saw 8584 with a bit.

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1984 R.L.Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Dark Hollow 23 April 0630-0730, I confirm what Denise has been seeing. Dark Hollow now has is 1982 composition: ♂584, ♀695 M/Maute and ♀696 or-wht/or-Blt, all here + seen well. Also a lot of intrusion, including ♂721 M/Lw-Yellow from Plaque. 15 May After flushing a ♀ from the 83 nest hole, I return with the rope ladder but find no eggs. 16 May Watching here 0605: Su-uvagu-, at 0705 ♀695 entered the hole, left at 0725. I climb up and find 1 Fresh egg 26.1 x 19.1 mm. Nothing really unusual about the egg. All 3 birds (♂584, ♀695, ♀696) see well. By 1100, Nobody except ♂584 had entered the hole, though ♀696 had taken a good long look at it. With Beth watching with me, a long wait but 1145, ♀696 enters finally, then flies out immediately with the egg in her bill! Yeah! Carried to the 82 nest tree, but then I lost track. Yessir, ♀695 laid, ♀696 (the victim the previous two years) tossed! Beth's first egg toss 17 May Watching 0615 0740, Nothings up. Both ♀♀ paid brief visits to the nest, But no eggs laid. 19 May Watching 0555. 0608, ♀696 enters, ♀695 follows at 0615. ♀695 leaves at 0625 followed by ♀696 at 0630. Both ♀♀, there plus ♂584, were there in and out of the hole a few times. At 0640, I climb up to the nest and find one fresh egg, probably laid this Am between 0608 + 0630 Laid by ♀696. Didn't bring the calipers, but the egg is fairly round, heavily marbled, 4 birds here breeding male (♂584)

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1984 R.L. Mumme 3 Arorn Wood prier Dark Hollow (19 May) and had a wildly asymmetric air cell. I'll check 1982 + 1983 notes, but this sounds like 9696's eggs 0730, both 99 have had at least one shot at removing the egg (normal) so I think I'll split. 20 May Checked nest with Beth, 1700. 3 eggs ① 24.5 x 19.5 very asymmetric air cell (9696?) ② 25.1 x 19.4 very asymmetric air cell with pinhole (9696?) ③ 24.2 x 19.9 slightly asymmetric air cell marbled (9695?) 22 May Checked nest here 0530. 4 eggs, ④ 24.5 x 20.1 slightly asymmetric air cell marbled (9695?) checked nest 0900 5 eggs ⑤ 24.7 x 20.0 no air cell, heavily marbled. (9696?) 23 May checked hole, 1630 6eggs ⑥ 27.0 x 18.9 slightly off-center air cell (9695?) Expect hatching 2 June 25 May Checked nest, 5 eggs; Egg ② had broken, presumably from pinhole. 2 June Nest Empty, Failed at egg stage. Predation? 13 June * * GROUP UPDATE ① 8584 founds Dark Hollow 7 April 84 (9NB, 9819 of 6ZIBO Gazebo with him in early April ② 9695, 9696 return to DH 23 April 84 ③ 8824 returns to DIt 19 May 84 29 July 4 Nestlings banded from very late 2nd nest in Live Oak NE of quarry

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1984 R.L. Mann Acorn Woodpecker Dark Hollow Nest Record See notes: Clutch of 6 eggs completed 23 May. One egg broke by 25 May. Nest failed, completely empty on 2 June Both ♀♀ laid here 29 July -- 4 Nestlings banded from very late Second nest. See full list

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Corral Viejo Canyon 9 March **GROUP UPDATE** ① CV Grande -- a ♂717, ♂718 returned here in September 7 1983 ± 1 month, present in October with a ♀NB and ♂837 (see Sady's notes) ② CV #1 -- abandoned 12 Aug 1983 ± 2 months ③ CV #2, OK corral -- Both need a bit more work to figure them out. Sady saw a banded bird on 16 Feb at CV#2, nothing much at OK corral. 11 March Quick look here, 0930-1130. No evidence of any activity at either CV #1 or CV #2. At OK corral, however, I flush a scritting bird as I walked up at 1040, but it had not returned as of 1130. It perched for a long time the trees uphill from the granny before flying off to the east, up the ridge. It looked like it belonged here. Also, at OKC it looks like the granny may have been in use this year. Not true at CV #2 7 April A bit of luck at CV#2 0845-0920 I find M / LPi-R / D6m two birds; ♀NB and ♂849 Orange / D6m-LPi-R from OK corral! Maybe more birds here. Also a second unbanded ♀ chased vigorously by the other ♀. The second ♀ then flew off toward Dark Hollow, where ♂84 was advertising vigorously earlier (see OH notes). ♂849's presence at CV#2 leads me to suspect that nothing is up at OK corral. Heard no activity from OK corral while at CV#2, and a brick watch here 0920-0940 indicates no activity + no birds at OK corral. Whoa, Just as I'm ready to leave OK corral, a

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1984 R.C. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Corral Viejo Canyon 7 April banded ♂ shows up that proves to be old ♂769 M / B15-Yel / Red-Yel of Blom 3! However, he looks like just a visitor here, tamely poking around in the granary for a while, then flying off. Would if he is established at Blom 3, or is at large? 1015, 20 min at CU#1 reveals no activity here. 1115, Denise reports ♀NB and ♂837, but no others, at CU Grande, while Philip & Esse ♀NB (drumming), ♂717, ♂718 in the tension zone between CU Grande, Gazebo, Blom 3. Could the ♂717+718 be trying to move to Blom 3, + is the ♀ with them separate from the ♀NB at CU Grande? 23 April 0745, at OK Corral I find a ♀NB alone in the granary, then ♂849 M/LPi-k-D6-err. He was at CU#2 on 7 April. This ♀NB is fairly persistent, garricking occasionally and walking to herself + starlings, Red-or(N)/or O830. New developments. ♂883 M / Red-or(N) is here. Remarkable, because he may be the only 1983 nesting (other than a few on the Arnold) to return. Can't figure out who else it could be. → Also saw him eat SceIoporus! Saw him tugging at its r-trails, then eating them. He seems well off with the ♀NB here. Perhaps. ♂849 was visiting from CU#2. No! 0950 After watching at CU#2 I found 2 ♀NB plus ♂843 M / L-Pink I then return to OK Corral + find 3 birds! ♀NB, ♂883, ♂849, and ♂853 M / Red-Blue! All 4 birds seen

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1984 R.C. Mumme 3 Acorn Woodpecker Corral Viejo Canyon (23 April) pretty cozy. Looks like a good group. Fairly tame, it seems, too. 1030, O- to CU#1, and it is now occupied now by at least 3 birds, 2♀NB and 1♂NB. Introducing here during the brief time I watched were ♂721 from Plaque (he introduced at D Hollow earlier) and the long lost ♂785 DBLue-Rel / CBlue of 1800! 1145, Now at CU Grande where more new developments. I see ♂837 or-whit/cpink ♀NB plus two CU Grande returnees: ♂812 M /cpink-black and ♂808 Or/Blk-blues. The only bird I don't see that I expected to see was ♂809, who Denise saw clearly a few days ago. Perhaps she is at Blomone 28 April with Denise at OKCorral, I find that the ♂NB of 5 days ago is gone, and ♂854 M / of Gate is here instead, garricking regularly. See Denise's notes. 2 May At OKCorral again. Poor Struggle of 30 May (see Denise's notes) has ended, and a ♂NB (probably the same one as 23 April, walks to herself etc.), is back. ♂849 + ♂853 also here, but I don't see ♂883 22 May ACU tour: 0550-0720, at CU#1 F F-d ♂NB, 2♀NB plus ♂728 cpink/or-red (1982 CU#1 nesting), apparently looking quite cozy with the other residents. At CU#2, I confirm ♂843 + 2♀NB, just as a month ago.

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1984 R.C. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Corral Viejo Canyon 13 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** CU Grande ① δ717, δ718 Move from CU Grande 1 April 84 (see Blm 3 Gazebo notes) ② 9812 returns to CU Grande 23 April 84 (back + forth between BLM1 & CUGR in April) CU #1 1895, 1896 1897 ① 2♀NB, 1♂NB found CU #1 15 April 84 ② δ728 returns 15 May 1984 CU #2 ① δ813 Disappeared 5 Feb 1983 ± 2 months ② J814 NSA B ③ ♀815, ♀842, δ845 disappeared 1 July 83 ± 2 months ④ δ844 disappeared 7 Nov 1983 ± 2 weeks ⑤ 2♀NB (1898, 1899) move to CU #2 15 April 83 (δ843 may have abandoned CU #2 after Oct. Notch) Ok Corral J883 J886 ① δ849, 9850, δ851, 9852 δ853 All Abandoned Ok Corral 1 Sept 83 ± 2 months (possible that δ849 stayed all winter) ② J884 J885 NSA B ③ δ849, δ853, δ883, ♀NB found OK corral 15 April 1984: (δ849 at CU #2 7 April 84) ④ δ886 returns to OKC 11 May 84

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker CV Grade NEST RECORD 23 May Denise reports a ♀ looking out of the 82-83 hole. I climb up at 1800 + find 4 small eggs, ~ 4-5 days ① 23.2 x 18.1 ② 21.5 x 17.0 ③ 22.6 x [illegible] 17.4 ④ 24.2 x 17.9 30 May Check nest, 4 eggs not yet hatched 1 June Check nest, still 4 eggs not hatched 3 June Weak peepings from inside holes, I suspect eggs have just hatched. Should land ~ 25 Jun 12 June 1600, 3 healthy babies here 25 June Banded 3 healthy young Juvs 941 943 !

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Westgate 9 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① Westgate (♂58, ♂692, ♀855) abandoned 1 Sept 1983 ± 1 month. All 3 seen Aug. Clearly abandoned by 6 Oct (probably by 11 Sept as no birds seen or heard during acorn survey. 27 March Artificial gro-ary, 100 acorns installed 24 March. 0900-0930 27 March, No evidence of any birds here yet. "Gro-ary" looks full. 24 April 1030-1230 It looks lilte ♂626 or / DBlue-wat (N) (and ♀855 D6--BPAK(N)/D6--BPAK(N) are set up here. Never saw either of these birds move toward Gate, and they seemed to be operating independently. 24 May A quick look 0730 produces both ♂626 & ♀855 D6--BPAK(N)/"" at 9855 13 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂626, ♀855 found WGate 15 April 1984 ♂626 was at Gate 6 April, WGate 24 April

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1984 R. L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Gate 14 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 9685, 9788, 9789, 9791 left group 27 April 1983 ± week All 4 were around during power struggle 18-19 April, seen peripherally for awhile, then never again ② Gate (δ626, δ627, δ790, 9854, 9856, 9859, ♀NMB (1885), J927, J928) abandoned BLU 3 Sept 1983 ± 1 month. δ627, 9859, 9NMB, + both juvies seen 1 Aug. Gate clearly abandoned by 20 Oct. Some of the above birds probably disappeared before abandonment, but I can't say for sure 22 March 1000, I flush two birds out of squarernail flat, which fly across Finch Creek and way over to the far "westgate side" of Coral Field. Don't know if these are real Gate or Westgate residents, but the situation bears study 23 March Sharon reported birds here again today. 1430-1530, I find nobody. 27 March First watch here, 0900, since installation of artificial granary 24 March. No evidence of anybody here by 0930. Looks like the granary is completely full, too. 6 April (confusion here the last two days, but I'll tell the story.) ① 24 acorns remain at Gate granary, 0 at westgate, on 5 April. ② Looks like 5 birds here, δ626, δ627, ♀NMB, 9854 + 9859 I co-fired δ626 yesterday I co-fired 9NMB. 1♂ + 3♀ seen together at one time. Birds using both Gate + Westgate

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1984 R.L. Mumme 2 Acorn Woodpecker Gate 24 April Trying hard here but with minimal success 1030-1230. I find ♂627 (PINK/DBlue) and ♀859 M/Black plus at least a 3rd bird. ♂626 seems to have set up shop at Westgate with ♂855. See Westgate notes. 30 April Finally, success here. Over in the saptree live oaks in squarenail flat, I find ♂627, ♂859, plus a ♀NB. This should be a complete census, what with ♀854 at OK corral (see Denise's notes) and ♂626 & ♂855 at WGate. 24 May Amazing good luck here. I walk up from Pipolix at 0730 + find 4 birds perched on the same branch: ♂627, ♀NB, ♂854, ♂859, all seen well. ♂854 is back after an aborted attempt to move to OK Corral. See my OKC notes, → Denise's notes. No sign of any nesting activity. 13 June ** GROUP UPDATE ① ♂627, ♀854, ♂859, ♀NB(1885) All found Gate 2 April 1984 (♀854 tried to move to OKCO in late April. The ♀NB is almost certainly the same as last years)

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Pipeline 9 March 1140 - 1210 no evidence of birds here yet. 14 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J887, J888 NSA B ② ♂660 moved back to Plague 1 Sept 1983 ± 1 month See Plague notes ③ ♀703, ♀704 abandoned Pipeline 1 Sept 1983 Pipeline clearly abandoned by 7 Oct J889 may have disappeared before abandonment. He/she was hanging out at Plague in late July 10 April Here 1445-1300, no evidence of birds here 24 April Here at 1215, I find ♂660 DBLUE/WHITE, who was at Plague on 20 April but missing from there 21 April. Suratagar, also here is ♀703 Yellow / Mauve ! Perhaps ♀705 will show up, too? 24 May Nobody here in passing. No birds seen at Pipeline since 24 April, ♂660 has been back at Plague

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Warp 5 9 March First trip up here since last summer, to confirm what was easily anticipated. Warp 5 appears to be abandoned: No sign of acorns in the quarry. Watching from 1110-1140, no trace or evidence of live birds here, either. 14 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J863 J864 NSAB ② Warp 5 abandoned 15 Sept 1983 ± 3 months A wild guess, really. ♂636, ♀NB, and a 3rd bird (♂528?) last seen on 23 March 10 April Scanning the treetops here from Pipeline, 1450. No sign of any birds here yet 15 May Ann found the leg feathers of ♂528 M/Dblue-Dpink (today, along the creek between Road 1 + Pipeline. The remains were obviously recent! I suspect ♂528 (and maybe ♂636?) has returned here. Need to do a watch or two at Warp 5. 13 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂528 Returned W5 ~25 April 1984 ② ♂528 Found dead W5 8 May 84 ± 1 weeks See Denise's notes on watches here 23+24 [illegible] [illegible] ♂660 + ♀685 (of Gate) here on those days Probably both have moved here, though ♂660 shuttles to Plaque in the afternoons 14 June deleted 14 June No, ♀685 looking settled at 1500 with ♂29 + ♂601

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1984 R.L. Munne Acorn Woodpecker Road 1 15 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♂294 disappeared 7 May 1983 ± 1 month. Last seen 10 April, certainly gone by 5 June ② [illegible] J876 found dead on road 29 July 1983 ③ ♀269 disappeared 6 Dec 1983 ± 1 week. Last seen 28 Nov; Gone by 14 Dec (Sady Spn) ④ ♂580 disappeared 1 Nov 1983 ± 1 week last seen 20 Oct, gone by 10 Nov ⑤ ♂672 disappeared 4 Dec 1983 ± 1 week Last seen 25 Nov; Gone by 14 Dec ⑥ ♂578, ♂579, ♂804 disappeared 1 Sept 1983 ± 6 weeks all last seen 21 July; Gone by 13 Oct 27 March Glancing here while checking Finch: A nice DBlue-nutrn/whr surprise: ♀269 M / is back! She looks fine, except for what seems to be a slightly injured left eye. Also saw ♂486 and a ♀ that I suppose is ♂383, Missing abad Yellow/NB [illegible] Yellow-DBrn/M. Need more data to co-fir- that, though. 13 April A quick glance here, I see ♂486, ♀269, ♂383 in the sycamore granary. All present r accounted for. 20 April Routine granary census. ♂486, ♀269, ♂383 all seen well. No evidence of nesting activity, and the birds seem to have a few acorn scraps remaining. ♀269's left eye seems to be improving somewhat. M/whr-lbr. 4 May Granary census, but not routine: ♂578 Yellow/whr-lbr appears out of nowhere, looks cozy with the others here

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpeckers Road I 30 May Lots of developments here, Yesterday afternoon and this morning I find ♀486 ♂269 ♀383, plus ♂579, ♂580, ♂672, ♂804! Wow, old home wreck. ♀578 might have been here, except she was taking part in a minor power struggle at Plague and somehow badly injured her wing. Walter found her in the Lower Barn area and took her to the aviary 0-28 May (see Plague notes), No evidence of a nest at Road I 13 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀269 Returns to R1 20 March 84 (First seen 27 March) ② ♀578 Returns to R1 4 May 84 ③ ♀578 Removed 28 May 84 (Apparently injured in Plague Power struggle; Placed in Aviary) ④ ♂579, ♂580, ♂672, ♂804 return [illegible] May 84 (♂580, ♂672 at Road 3 27 March - 14 April)

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1984 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Finch 9 March Watching 0940-1000: No sign of anybody returning here yet. In fact, I saw a Flicker working on the Finch 80 a-d 82 nest hole. Bad sign. 15 March Watchup ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① Finch (♂63, ♂66, 9541, ♂542, 9543, ♂613, ♂616, 9816) abandoned. 1 Sept 1983 ± 1 month Complete census there (except 9816, see-22Jun-c) on 9 July. Birds were going getting hard to find (saw none in a couple of tries in early August) by the end of July, clearly gone by 8 Oct 0830. 27 March First watch here since installation of the artificial garage, with 100 acorns, on 24 March. 0900, No sign of any birds and the "garage" is still full of acorns. 6 April 1110, 43 acorns still remain in the styrofoam. The big news is, Finch has birds! 8542 Blue-or / Blue here plus another bird I read as M/Yellow-(Red or DGrn) which might be 8616 (though I first thought it was F) Interestingly, they chased out two intruders which were undoubtedly 8669 + 9601 "of" SHill! Both were at SHill yesterday 1205, 8542 garricks from NW corner of Bridge, and in Flies 9269 M/whit-blue. This may have been the bird I saw earlier. Right now it looks like 8542 is all alone. 9 April 1100 M/Gr-whit Bad Craziness here: 8542, plus ♀789 Gr-Blk/Yellow OF Gate. 9789 is chasing 9601 (of 1500-SHill-whatever) all over acorns) the place. Constant, continuous persistent chasing. So far 9789 is holding the upper hand, but 9601 is persistent. Anytime 9601 manages to perch for a few seconds she garricks! 9601 was missing at SHill yesterday. Phillip.

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1984 R.L. Mumme 2 Acorn Woodpecker Finch 10 April After the turmoil here yesterday, things are quiet when I arrive at 1400. Just had an interesting thought: 9601 and 9789, who were squabbling so violently yesterday, are sisters! Both were offspring of Gate's 626, 8627, 8519, 9601 in 1980, 9789 in 1982. 9601 ever helped feed 9789, before 9601 moved to 1500. I suspect they have never been "introduced", and they were not reared together. 1410, 8542, 9789 both here, very calm, no sign of 9601 or other intruders. 2 Acorns left! 13 April Well, changes again at Finch. I find out the following ① 9601 is back, alive and she is in control. No sign of 9789. 9601 was attacking vigorously with 8542, and chasing out intruders, one of which was 9685 (blue/red/blue) her sister, and 9789's sister from Gate. Man, what a coincidence. Also a 9NB around. Lots of vigorous chasing, a "mini power struggle" ② One of the old ones" is back, none other than 863 green-BLK/orn-BLK! He is definitely here, but seems to be keeping a lower profile than either 8542 or 9601. Did see him exchange wakus with the other two birds 19 April Here at 1300 after Philip reports a power struggle in progress 17 April, Very calm, @ but cool + windy. 20 April Here with Philip & Both, 1030, a 9NB is in control here. 8542 and a second 8 (assume 863) also seen. This is Finches 3rd 99. A fair amount of chasing earlier, but now quite calm.

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1984 R.C. Munne Acorn Woodpecker Finch 24 April Well, another change at Finch. Philip reported a flareup of the PS on 22 April, but the QNB was maintaining control. Here at 0930, I find 8542 ad, of all birds, Q789 6m-white +789 Grn-BLK/Yellow, who was the Q here for at least a few days earlier this month. No sign of a QNB. Didn't see 863, but Philip reported him here 2 days ago. 4 May MOAN! I quick look here, I see 3 birds, 2 TDec 8542 + a QNB! Will it ever cease! 1 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 8542 founds Finch 2 April 1984 ② 863 returns to Finch 13 April 1984 ③ QNB (1901) moves to Finch 25 April 1984 ④ 8613 returns to Finch 24 May 1984 (9789, 9601 both at Finch in Late April 9601 on 9 April, 9789 on 9 April + 24 April

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1984 R.L. Humme M. formicivorus MacFlat 9 March 1000 - 1020, No evidence of any birds here yet. 15 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J902 J903 J905 NSA B ② MacFlat abandoned 12 Sept 1983±1 month saw ♂540 and a juvie capsucking 4 Aug. Gone by 20 Oct. Many of these birds may have disappeared before abandonment

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Road 3 9 March 1025: Nothing happening here yet. By 1055, no birds seen or heard. 15 March ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J898 not seen after banding (NSAB) ② Road 3 abandoned 20 July 1983 ± 1 week. Birds (♂654, ♂792, J897) last seen 6-7 July. Nobody seen in 9 hours of observation 14, 15, 16 July, then 2 Aug. Thus, fairly clearly a very early abandonment (by ♂654, ♂265, ♂710, ♂792, ♂794 J897) 22 March Watching here again, 0850. 0930 Holy Cow! there are birds here. One is a ♀NB (rats!) but the second is a banded ♂ who I read as Red-Yellow/Orange or something like that. Looks like a pair here. A bit of wakaing, and both the ♂ and the female poked around in the granary a bit. Incidentally the limb of the sycamore that overhangs the road has broken in half (at the site of that horrible nest hole they were building a few years ago. This means the loss of a few hundred storage holes. Who is the ♂? Can't square him with anyone on the 83 field list. Perhaps a bird banded by Walter in 1980 on PO Hill? Strange combination, so that could be. Yes, checking the color list, it seems almost certain that the ♂ is ♂552 Red-Tan/Red, banded by Walter at PO #4 in 1980.

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1984 R.L. Mamme 2 Acorn Woodpecker Road 3 0745 27 March First watch here since 24 March, when Philip + E installed a piece of styrafoam with 100 acorns. There are 3 birds here: Two ♂ in the Valley Oak as I drove up, but I didn't get bands. Plus a ♀ whose legs I did not see either 0815 Great stuff! Now the 2 ♂ are ♂580 White/Black LBlue/DBlue-Yel(N) ♂672 DBlue-Yel(N)/M of Road 1! Saw ♂672 extract then eat of of our acorns from the styrafoam. Also the RNB is here. She has been in both the 82 + 83 nest holes. Neat! All 3 chased a Starling at 820, 0825, very pounding on the styrafoam. Great! I suspect that the two ♂ forced ♂552 back off to PO Hill. 0830 check the "graray". Mac, only ~45 acorns left in the styrafoam! Some have probably been restored, but the birds have taken to it well. 6 April A quick watch here, 1015-1100. The situation here seems to have stabilized. ♂580 m/Black and RNB seen here. No acorns left in the styrafoam (gone by 31 March according to Philip. ♂672 not seen today, but wasn't a good watch. 13 April Tried to watch here but birds aren't spending much time here. I did see a RNB and a second bird (is ♂672 gone), but they spent most of their time flycatching elsewhere on this hot sunny day. Did see a pair of Pigmy Owls investigating the "standard" nest hole

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1984 R.C. Munne 3 Acorn Woodpecker Road 3 14 April Added 100 acorns here, during a mini power struggle Without scope+ binos, couldn't learn anything. Back at dusk for roasting I see QNB + 8580, but no sign of another bird. 19 April Philip reports calm at Road 3 [illegible] [illegible] I came by at 1315, 19 April, see no birds and only 5 acorns remaining in the styratoan granary. 95 acorns removed/eaten in 5 days by 3 birds, which is roughly 6 acorns/bird-day 20 April Correction. 17 + 20 April Philip reports 8654 and 8792 (missing L Blue band) here at Road 3 with a QNB. They must have moved here about time of the PS or 14 April. Don't know what 12 June Found nest here: See next record. 14 June ** GROUP UPDATE ① QNB (402) Founds Road 3 20 March 1984 ② 8654 8792 Return to R3 17 April 1984 (8552, 8680, 8672 variously at Road 3 during late March + early April)

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Road 3 NEST RECORD 12 June 1130 bird looking out of "traditional" 1980-82 nest hole 1200 Opened hole. 3 eggs, ~ 2-3 days ① 26.3 x 20.5 (slightly cracked Epipped], may nothatch) ② 24.6 x 19.0 ③ 25.1 x 18.6 (hatch ~ 22 June, fledged 16 July) 27 June Checked hole 3 babies! 16 July Banded 3 Babies J949-951. One very healthy: almost ready to fly! Others see One a runt

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker School Hill 22 March Up here 1405, after Jim reported hearing a bird up here on 20 March. 1545, Slow, but for sure at least two (maybe 3) birds up here. One is undoubtedly Green-Black/Green-white ♂771 M / Green-white, banded at Low Itay in 1982, one of the 3 1800 Breeding ♂ last year. Also present is a bird that I didn't see sex of, but may be ♀787 Red-Yellow/M, also of 1800! Need a better watch up here to be sure of her, though. Both birds spent a bit of time poking around in the granary, and eating buds/tratkins from the blue oaks NW of the granary. 5 April See Philip's notes for details of comings & goings following the acorn addition. Up here at 0830, Two new Still residents confirmed: Both are old friends. ♂669 M /Or-DBlue (1981 Still nestling, then from Y) and ♂601 M /unt-Clare (1980 gate tnestling, then 1500) Great. They seem to be a good unit. Saw one of the birds eating a bit of acorns. Only 6 acorns left in the artificial granary, however. This also explains Walter's observation of ♂669 and a ♀ at Y yesterday. 11 April School Hill has changed again! 0830-0930 ♂669 waking + traveling around with a ♀NB. ♂601, who was intrudly at Fink on 9 April, was also here briefly, but obviously solo. She must have give up (or chased out). Also saw ♂769 M /Black-red formerly of Blom3, who I saw intrudly recently at OK Corral

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1984 R. L. Munne Acorn Woodpecker School Hill 6 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J872 NSAB ② School Hill ABANDONED 16 Aug 1983 ± 2 months ( J886, J8402, J9260, J8754, J8773, J8774 ) Birds last seen 23 June; missing by 10 Oct 14 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J886, J8402, J9260 found SHIL 1 May 1984

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker School Hill Nest Record 31 May Peeped into 1983 SH nest hole: 4 babies just hatched (eggshells present) ~1-2 day. I should Sand ~20 June June 6 Checked hole again. Down to 2 nestlings 17 June Nest failed! Empty at 0630:

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1984 R.L.Mumme Acorn Woodpecker School Hill West 4 May Uphere 0930-1030, I find at least 2 birds here! The ♀ is not banded, and ♂ failed to get a look at the ♂ 6 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① J860 861 862 NSAB ② STHwest Abandoned / Sept 83 ± 3 months A wild guess, really but no birds were present here during the winter. (♂530, ♂756, ♀758, ♀NB[1874] ♀NB[1875]) 14 June Here 0830-930, day Again I see only the ♀NB, and not the ♂. ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀NB ♂ (??) Founded STHW 1 May 1984 We will have to wait to see who the ♂ is.

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1984 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Poison Oak Hill 3 March Up here with Beth, 1600-1700 hrs. We find no acorns and no birds at PO #1. The granary had lots of acorn shells in it, but it was hard to tell if they were fall 82 acorns or fall 83 acorns. I suspect the former. At any rate, no evidence of anybody around. At PO#2, pretty much the same situation: No acorns, and no real sign of any activity. We sat down + watched + stuff for awhile, though, and one AW (sex & bading status unknown) cruised through the periphery, heading abb in the general direction of PO #3+ #4. I suspect that that bird did not belong at #2, and that both PO#1 + PO#2 are abandoned, and have been since the fall.

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker- ARF too 31may Watching here, 0800-0930, at least 1♂NB & 1♀NB are here. Both were seen carrying food (!), perhaps off toward the 83 nest hole. More work is needed here, however. 6June **GROUP UPDATE** ① J890 891 892 893 NSA B ② ARFtoo ABANDONED 1Sept83 ± 2 months A guess, but ♂NB, ♀NB, ♂800 all here feeding young in early June. (♂NB[1852], ♀NB[1888], 9687, 9798, ♂800) 8June More work, 0700-0800: ARF too probably doesn't have a nest. Saw the ♂NB fly to the "high" peach tree with food, then eat it himself. Had him in sight from 0715-0750, he did nothing except preen. No sign of a ♀ today. 14June **GROUP UPDATE** ① ♀NB, ♂NB Found ARFT 1 May 1984 ± 1 month

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Black Oak 4 April 0800, up here with Denise + Philip, a mini-power struggle going on at Black Oak. The situation is ① 4 un-banded birds (at least 2, probably 3 ♀♀, and 1 ♂) have control of the main granary area, and the perch trees to the west ② The Castro 2° granary is occupied by at least two ♂ UA2 ♀♀ 778 + 779, plus the possibility of ♂ 8915. They don't look all that dedicated, though. Also seen being chased from the 1° area was 9568 of Al, Denise may have seen ♂ 736 from Sobo, t I may have seen ♂ 777 from Lambert. NO acorns here, maximum of 9 birds were present and not much action. 15 April Turn-oil at Black Oak. 0700, a power struggle is progress ① 2 old Black Oak ♂♂ ♂ 689 or /unt and ♂ 426 Blk/or-wnt, and 3 UA2 ♀♀ (♂ 778, 779, and ♂ 780 are waking together in the 1° granary area. They seem to have firm control of the main storage ② Waking together in the 2° area are ♂ 736 of Sobo, plus 3 ♀ NB. They have loose control of the 2° area and the 1983 Poison Oak nest hole. At least 3 other independent NBs (18', 29?) are around, making a total of 12 (at least) birds here. I also saw what has to be old-timer ♂ 102 Yellow/NB, a very heavily mustaciated ♂. He and E think ♂ 321 + ♂ 691 were all in the 2° area briefly. Off, co-fine ♂ 102 yellow - in the 1° granary area with ♂ 426, ♂ 689, ♀♀ 778 779 780. He's not that adult I may have confused ♂ 736 for ♂ 321/691

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Black Oak 25 April Damn! Up here 0815-0915, hoping to see the 3 99 from UA2 in control, I instead find 3 9NB wolfaing with 8426 + 8102. 8321 also seen, but not 8689 or 8691. No intruders, Don! things calm on a very windy day. Did see 8102 take a peek at 8426. 21 May 0700-0930, I find just 2 9NB (though the third may still be around) 8102 yellow/ 8426, 8321. Both one 9NB was showing a bit of interest in the poison oak hole, but clearly no nesting yet. The birds were also over at Biaza briefly, 6 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① 8743 disappeared 5 March 1983 ± 2 months Last seen 14 Dec 1982, certainly gone by late May. ② Juvs 929, 930, 931 all NSA B ③ Blacks Oak Abandoned 20 Sept 1983 ± 1 month Saw 8741 there in passing on 23 Aug. Birds certainly gone during Sady's watches Oct-Nov. (8102, 8426, 8321, 8497, 8689, 8691, 8713 8741 8742, 8744, 8829, [illegible] 8680) ④ 8505 returned to AI 10 July 83 ± 1 month Back by 23 Aug, last at BO 26 May 14 June ⑦ 3 9NB (1906, 1907, 1908) Found BKO K 20 April 84 ⑧ 8426, 8102, 8321, 8689 Found BKO K 20 April 84

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1984 R.C. Manne Acorn Woodpecker Arnold I 6Jane ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀505 returned to A1 10July 83 ± 1 month. She was back here for sure 23 Aug. ② [illegible] disappeared ♂679 disappeared 1 Nov 83 ± 2 weeks Last seen 17 Oct, gone by 15 Nov. ③ ♀761 disappeared 10July 83 ± 1 month Last seen 26 May, go missing 23 Aug ④ ♂762 disappeared 27 Dec 83 ± 2 weeks Last seen 10 Dec, gone by 17 Jan- ⑤ ♂826, ♂827 disappeared 10July 83 ± 1 month Last seen 26 may, missing 23 Aug 14Jane ⑥ ♂679 returned (♀ to A1) 21May 1984

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1984 R.L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus Lambert 2 Jan Up here on a beautiful warm day, 1430. Lambert does indeed seem to have been reoccupied by the old residents following the addition of ~1500 acorns. I flush two birds walking up, one of which is ♀720 Red-Yellow/Red. Didn't get a look at the second bird, which exchanged wakas with 9720. Still a decent number of acorns left in the granary. 10 March 0845: I flush 3 birds, then spot 4 perched together in the distance after setting up the blind here. 1100, after bailing out of the blind at 0930, I have a bit of luck: over by Bar-B-Q. I find 9720 Red-Yellow/Red, and ♂624 ""/"". With them was a ♀NB, that was chased a bit by 9720, but not much. Earlier, while in the blind I saw a (the?) ♀NB chase somebody from the Lambert area. Also, one of the 4 birds I saw at a distance was a ♂ Lgreen-black/white, which probably was ♂546. Lambert is ranging all out the place: Saw ♂624 west of BBQ, well west of Keep Out later. Very few acorns remain in the granary at Lambet. I also could find no stores in the BBQ granary, which has lost a lot of storage limbs since the last time I looked at it. In short, Lambert needs more work, but it will be difficult given how rarely they sit in the granary and how widely they range. 12 March Good luck here today, 1045-1145. Down around Keep Out I find 9720 and the long lost ♂777 Black/white-L6--- I then flush 9720 and another two other birds up toward BBQ, where

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1984 R.C. Mamme Acorn Woodpecker Lambert (12 March) I finally ±D ♂546 (Lambert / M). As suspected by Sandy, ♂546 does indeed to have an injured left eye with dark iris. The right eye seems fine. No sighting of ♂624 today, but Lambert seems to contain 4 birds: ♂546, ♂624, ♂720, ♂777. 6 June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① Juvs 894, 895, 896 NSAB ② ♂775 disappeared 1 June 83 ± 1 week Last seen - 23 May, missing 9 June

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1984 R.L.Mumme M. formicivorus Fanny Arnold 2 Jan Here with Beth, 1300, looks like the situation described by Susan + Sandy is still j- effect 3 99 are here (9834 Red/Blk-white, (9796? M/Light-Oak?), and third 9 L-D /m, presumably the one banded by Susan). All were quite conspicuous flycatching, occasionally moving across around + working stores. Also seen less conspicuously were two 88, one of which was 6681 Yellow/m of UA2. He was seen sitting on an acorn storage limb with 9834, with the other two 99, the other 8 was seen only once, and bands were not seen, but it had a flat head and long bill similar to that of 8123 of UA2. I suspect that these two 88 are still shuttling back+ forth from UA2+ FA. A third intruding 8 (banded, but not identified) was here briefly as well, at which time all five birds rallied to the defense (all five residents seen simultaneously at that time). 12 March At 0900, Philip + I release the 3 FA 88 (8835, 8797, 8940) back at Fanny Arnold. All 3 flew strongly to the granary area. Followed by wakas and a few drases, the details of which I could not ascertain. 8940 may not actually belong here, as there was no indication of a 8NB here before the ambush. It may be just a wayward rooster. 1030: Seems like its over. The 3 88 seem to have been remembered by the 99, and 6681 seen hanging out- the periphery. Aviary 88 seen eating catkins. Seems like its all over. See Philips notes

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1984 R.C. Mumme 2 Acorn Wood pecker Fanny Arnold 6June ** GROUP UPDATE ① ⑨939 banded 7 Nov 1984 ② ③4B (940) + ⑧797 removed 7 Nov 1983 ③ ⑧835 removed 29 Nov 1983 ④ [illegible] ⑧797, ⑧835, ⑧940 returned to FA 12 March 1984 14June ⑤ ⑨939 moves to ⑧LA2 15 April 84 ± 2 weeks (Last at FA 17 March) First at LA2 15 April

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1984 R.L. Munne Acorn Woodpecker Upper Arnold 2 6June ** GROUP UPDATE * ① β590 disappeared 15Aug 1983 ± 3 months Last seen 26 May 83, gone by 6 Nov 83

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1984 R.C. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker UA2 NEST RECORD 3May Flush 9 out of the low, open hole in the 4-hole stub below the granary. 4 eggs, ~5-8 days old. First nest of 1984. Should check again~1week 18May Checked the nest, 1800: 1 nestling, ~7days old. Pretty poor. No trace of other eggs or young. Should band here 2 June 4June NEST FAILED! 1 dead (fresh) chick nestling in nest, probably died 2-3June. Very stunted development, gizzard full of stones+grit, but otherwise empty. Small peckholes on left flank.

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1984 R.C. Munne Acorn Woodpecker ④ LA2 +April At least 4 birds plus across still remaining at Louis Arnold 2. I saw ♂611 and ♂698, and Philip reported ♀783 and possibly a ♀NB 6June ** GROUP UPDATE ** ① ♀637 disappeared 5 Nov 1983 ± 1 week Last seen 25 Oct, gone 15 Nov ② ♀697 disappeared 24 March 83 ± 2 weeks Last seen 10 March 83, missing 6 April ③ 877, 878, 879 NSA B 14June ④ ♀939 moves to LA2 1 April 84

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1984 R.L. Mumme Acorn Woodpecker Bianca 4 April Watching, 0900, Bianca was occupied (stored acorns present) during the fall, but now I'm not so sure. A 9NB was poking in the granary when I started, but then a second bird 8 or 9 M/light, which could have been Q739 of SOBO, came in did the same, then flew off on a bee line toward SOBO 0935, now 2 8NB here poking in the granary. They fly off at 0940. Didn't look like they belonged here. Looks like Bianca may be abandoned up for grabs. No acorns present here now. 15 April At least 3, maybe 4 birds here at 0830 21 April Black Oak birds here, Bianca still seems up for grabs

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9752 being chased by δ660 Melanerpes formicivorus GRANARY ACTIVITY CENSUS Group: Plague Date: 20 April 1984 Time: 1440-1640 Time Activity 1| 1440 | δ723 δ721, 0 | δ660 2° 2| 45 | δ721 10 | 3| 50 | δ721 δ660 10 | 4| 55 | δ752 δ660 δ721 20 | 5| 1500 | δ521 20 | δ723 δ721 10 6| 05 | δ721 δ723 10 | 7| 10 | δ660 20 | δ723 WS 30 | δ721 EA δ521 10 8| 15 | δ521 30 | δ721 20 | δ723 1° | δ660 20 9| 20 | nobody 10| 25 | nobody 11| 30 | 11 12| 35 | 11 13| 40 | 11 14| 45 | 11 15| 50 | 11 16| 55 | 11 17| 1600 | 11 18| 05 | 11 19| 10 | δ521 10 20| 15 | δ521 δ721 δ660 10 21| 20 | δ660 δ721 20 | 22| 25 | δ723 20 | 23| 30 | δ723 EA 1° | δ721 δ660 20 24| 35 | δ660 1° EA, δ721 10 | δ723 20 25| 40 | δ660 δ721 δ723 1 | INTRUSIONS Time Intruder Chased by Intensity Took acorns? Birds present/comments 1458 | Starling | δ723 | 1 | no | 1610 | δNB | δ723 | 2 | tried | Nobody present for a long time Total Intrusions: Intraspecific 2 | Interspecific 1 Total Defenses: Intraspecific 1 | Interspecific 1

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Melanerpes formicivorus GRANARY ACTIVITY CENSUS Group: Road 1 Date: 21 April 1984 Time: 1430-1630 Time Activity 1 1430 nobody 2 35 nobody 3 40 " 4 45 " 5 50 " 6 55 " 7 1500 " 8 05 8486 WH 2° 9 10 9269 WH 2° EA 10 15 nobody 11 20 " 12 25 " 13 30 " 14 35 " 15 40 9269 1° 16 45 8486 EA 2° 17 50 8486 9269 9383 2° 18 55 9383 WH 9269 1° 19 1600 9269 2° WH 20 05 8486 ! 21 10 nobody 22 15 nobody 23 20 nobody 24 25 nobody 25 30 nobody INTRUSIONS Time Intruder Chased by Intensity Took acorns? Birds present/comments Total Intrusions: Intraspecific Interspecific Total Defenses: Intraspecific Interspecific

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Melanerpes formicivorus GRANARY ACTIVITY CENSUS Group: Road | Date: 30 April 1984 Time: 0625-0825 Time Activity 1| 0625 | Nobody 2| 30 | 11 3| 35 | 8486 9383 10 4| 40 | 8486 9383 9269 10 5| 45 | 1 11 11 6| 50 | 1 11 11 7| 55 | 8486 20 / 9383 9269 10 8| 0700 | 8486 ws 9269 20/ 9| 05 | 9269 8486 ws 9383 20 10| 10 | 9269 9383 10 / 8486 20 11| 15 | 9269 9383 ws 8486 10 12| 20 | 9269 10 / 8486 20 13| 25 | nobody 14| 30 | 11 15| 35 | 11 16| 40 | 9269 wh 10 17| 45 | nobody 18| 50 | 8486 2 19| 0655 | 9269 wh 10 20| 0800 | 9269 20 21| 05 | 9269 9383 8486 10 22| 10 | 9269 EA 10 / 8486 20 / 9383 10 23| 15 | 9269 20 24| 20 | 9269 10 9383 EA 10 25| 25 | 9269 9383 10 8486 10 INTRUSIONS 9269 chattered twice to 9383! Dom. reversal? Time Intruder Chased by Intensity Took acorns? Birds present/comments 0625 | 8? | 8486 | 2 | NU | 9383 hear 0645 | AW? | ? | 2 | NU | ? 0655 | 9NB | 9383 | 2 | NU | 9269 prec, NR 0700 | 9NB | 9269 | 2 | NU | - 0720 | ?AW | 9269 | 4 | NU | - 0730 | 9strilg | 9269 | 2 | NO | - 0740 | 9NB | 9269 | 1 | NO | - 0812 | 8? | 8486 | 2 | NO | - Total Intrusions: Intraspecific Interspecific Total Defenses: Intraspecific Interspecific

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Melanerpes formicivorus GRANARY ACTIVITY CENSUS Group: Road I Date: 4 May 1984 Time: 1245 - 1445 Time Activity 1|1245 9269 10 | 8486 20 2| 50 9578 10 | 3| 55 9269 EA 9578 WH 20 4|1300 nobody 5| 05 8486 9269 10 | 6| 10 9269 WH 10 | 7| 15 8486 10 | 8| 20 nobody 9| 25 " 10| 30 9578 20 11| 35 9578 8486 10 12| 40 nobody 13| 45 " 14| 50 " 15| 55 9383 20 16|1400 nobody | 9383 20 17| 05 8486 10 | 9383 20 18| 10 9383 10 19| 15 8486 9383 10 20| 20 9383 10 21| 25 8486 20 22| 30 9578 10 23| 35 9269 10 24| 40 8486 9269 [illegible] 9578 10 25| 45 [illegible] 8486 10 9383 10 INTRUSIONS Time Intruder Chased by Intensity Took acorns? Birds present/comments 1415 AW? 9383 2 no 8486 NR Total Intrusions: Intraspecific Interspecific Total Defenses: Intraspecific Interspecific

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Melanerpes formicivorus GRANARY ACTIVITY CENSUS Group: Plaqui Date: 1 May 1984 Time: 0700-0900 Time Activity 1|0700 ♂752 10 2|05 ♂752 10 | ♂723 20 3|10 ♂723 10 4|15 ♂723 10 5|20 ♀488 ♂723,10 6|25 ♂752 10 | ♂723 20 7|30 ♂521 ♀660 (illegible) ♂723 10 | ♂752 20 8|35 ♂521 10 | ♂723 20 9|40 ♂521 ♂660 10 | ♂723 20 10|45 ♂752 ♀723 10 | ♂660 20 | ♂521 10 11|50 ♀660 ws 10 12|55 ♂752 ♂723 10 13|0800 ♂723 ♂660 10 14|05 ♂521 20 | ♂660 EA 10 15|10 ♂521 ♂660 10 (♂660 flew off toward Pipel.2c) 16|15 ♂723 10 17|20 ♂723 20 | ♂752 10 18|25 nobody 19|30 nobody 20|35 ♀7 21|40 ♂752 ♂723 10 22|45 ♂752 ♂723 10 23|50 ♂723 10 24|55 ♂723 10 25|0900 ♂723 ♂521 ♂752 10 INTRUSIONS Time Intruder Chased by Intensity Took acorns? Birds present/comments 0908 Nuthatch ~ O no ♂723 near Total Intrusions: Intraspecific Interspecific Total Defenses: Intraspecific Interspecific

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