Bird notes taken at Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, California, v4495

Silliman, Oscar P.

Unknown

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

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Oscar E. Gillimars. Ornithologist and Ologist. Bird - Notes. Food, song, nesting etc. of our birds. Taken at the following places: - Santa Cruz Co. - Monterey Co. Watsonville - Castroville - Loma Prieta - Gorda - Corallitos - Jolon - King City - Pacific Grove - Chicolar Salinas No. 262.

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Pajaro Valley Lower End. Watsonville-Santa Cruz Co. March-4-1894. Found a california Thrasher's nest; also a california Trichodo placed 10 feet up in a willowing sappling and contained 5 or 6 eggs. Evidently this last was a last year's nest for the eggs were much faded and spoiled. March-23-1894. Visited L.W. Brokaw of Dabinas and saw his eggs. Learned from Elmerz Brokaw, his brother that the proper time to look for Ducks eggs was the 1st and 2nd weeks of April and about the same time for Tule Greens and Rails. April-7-1894. Took Am. Barn Owl 45 from hole in bank. Size of hole - 2 1/2 feet deep. bin across at mouth. 9..." end. 7 ft. about river water of Pajaro river.

2 October 11-1894. Saws Great Blue Heron sitting on a fence. Payard Valley-upper end. March-27-1895. (Cattlin place.) Alfred Bilman and I observed a Red-tail poise in the air without the least effort apparently except after it had stayed still for at least two minutes its wings began to flap gently it would then move on and repeat the performance April-25-1895. Took a set of five eggs of some unknown Warbler. The nest was placed against the trunk of an oblique willow tree and supported by some shoots on the outside. The nest was in a rather open wooded place in the wooded river bottom. The nest was

quite similar to the nest of the Pileolated Warbler and was not far from a place where I had obtained a set of five but a short time before. The bird was of a dark green except the tips of the wings and tail which were brown. Perhaps a faintest streak of yellow was to be seen along the sides of the bird. The bird was a close sitter and when flushed immediately dropped to the ground and ran about with its tail and wings spread in a most violent and re- vengeful manner. The eggs are considerably longer than those of the Pileolated and the markings are more in the form of a distinct wreath and were less scattered than in the above mentioned species. In fact the eggs put one strongly in mind of the darker colored

to lift Swallow's eggs When scared from the nest the old bird dropped to the ground and fluttered along, feining a broken wing Evidently with the purpose of detracting my attention from the nest. The mate soon appeared upon the scene and flew off some distance and alight on a tree. The nest was about twelve feet up from the ground. August-10-1895. Saw an Arkansas Kingbird attack a Desert Sparrow Hawk that was carrying off the mate of the Kingbird in its talons. I have observed the flight of the Turkey Culture readily and have come to the con- clusion that they flap their wings in flying more than one would suspect.

This is especially true when they are flying close to the ground or in among the trees or in a place where they have to steer carefully but to my notion they do so more especially when there is no breeze to buoy them up. I have watched these birds when attacked by Brewer's Black birds and have discovered that they are more agile in flight than the Red Tail or other larger hawks in their efforts to get rid of their tormentors by dodging. I noticed that the Parkman's Wren stayed and cared for her brood a long time after they left their nest. This nest was in an old Cliff Swallows nest in the barn which had been used only a short time before by a pair of House Finch at a nesting place

and soon the young Finches left the Wren took obsession. Another nest from which a nest full of young Wrens had been thatched was in an old coal-oil can on the top of a picket near a much traveled road. The bird entered through a small hole in the top of the can. August-19-1895. While on a visit to A.W. Dams of Green Valley I saw several local collections of eggs which contained besides those I have found to be plentiful, Spec- timens of the following: - A large number of Western Wood Pewee, Ash-throated Flycatcher and quite a number of Ash- throated Olive-sided Flycatchers. Beside these the common Flycatchers, the Vireos (Puttow's and Warbler, The Warblers (Pileolated, Yellow and Lutescent). I was

shown the prittiest set of Quail Dever saw. They were marked so heavily with old gold blotches (not specked) that the ground color was almost obscured. This set was owned by a young gentleman who possessed an eggs of the Golden Eagle filed into two parts but otherwise not re- markable. Also read today of the shoot- ing Wild Turkeys in 1882 by Howard Abbott at or near Washington, D.C. September-12-1895. In the fore part of the after- noon a large flock of Black- birds assembled in the sugar- beet patch. Every now and then one of them would fly up after some winged insect which it had aroused from its retreat. These insects were I think chiefly moths! and small butterflies and perhaps.

an occasional grasshopper or other insect. The birds were not always successful in their captures for I think that in nearly one-half of the instances observed the insects eluded the pursuit of the birds. Many flying in any direction, the birds would not follow them long. They sped in true Black- bird fashion, those behind flying on ahead of the rest and in this way the band was constantly on the move. Generally those that flew up after an insect would seek a new place ahead of the rest. Saw a Blackbird put to flight a Western Meadowlark and pursue it some distance, the lark was not much wrought up however. Also saw three Blackbirds put to flight a Desert Sparrow.

I hawk with great ease and to the great discomfort of the Hawks. And its mate who kept itself at a safe distance. I heard a Shrike making quite a musical note. These birds are quite imitative but perhaps it is to decoy smaller birds and seize them as prey. I have seen them fly towards the place where a Blackbird was sitting and the Blackbird would always retreat. In the same way I have seen the Meadowlark and Black Phoebe make way for the Blackbird. So it seems that might is right among some birds at least. I discovered two Red- shafted Flickers in the corn crib and had an opportunity to witness a fight between them with their bills in which the birds pecked each other with their bills and they would hold on just as long as they can.

Audubon's Warblers alight on the ground in search of food. They appear to hunt insects in all places that they can be found. Also saw a Black Phoebe on the ground. Saw a Brewer's Blackbird win a victory over a Desert Sparrow Hawk.

Watsonville-Santa Cruz Co. Notes on Observations of years Previous to 1894. (Upper End of Payaro Valley.) Found a nest of the Spurred Towhee on the ground in the river bed under some willow trees. The nest contained three eggs of the Towhee and two of the Valley Partridge. Found a nest of the Calif. Thrasher and afterwards took a set of three eggs. After a week or so I was passing by a Valley rail flew from the nest and upon investigation it was found to contain five eggs of the Partridge. Two nests of Mourning Dove were found upon the ground; nests in trees were very abundant. One nest of the Western Yellow- throat was found in a wheat field

and near the center of nest. Nest was found merely by accident. It was composed principally in fact almost entirely of the outside sheathing of wheat stalks and lined with finer parts of same or of some grass. Nest was placed about one and one-half feet up and was firmly woven about several of the wheat stalks. Bird was not seen.

Watsonville - Calif. Notes taken near lower end of Pajaro Valley before -1894. During the first part of June I found a nest of the California Wren. It was a frail structure of coarse willow twigs and was quite thin. In general appear- ance resembling the nests of the Californian Thrasher but was not as substantial. It was on a willow tree about twelve feet from the ground. Birds quite tame. In the first part of May if I remember the time rightly I found a nest of the Littlecut Warbler situated on the ground under some trailing vines of the wild blackberry. The situation was damp and shady. I had seen the bird fly from the nesting place about a week before but was unable to discern or the nest; it being well concealed.

The bird was a close sitter but shy after leaving the nest. The edge of the nest was given with the top for the ground and my recollection is that it was composed mostly of leaves lined with coarse grass. Incubation was so far advanced that I could not divide the set. During the month of June 1892, I found a set of House Finch containing seven eggs all which were at the same stage of advancement of incubation. I did not preserve the set. Mr. L. W. Brokaw of Palisades reports a similar set.

15 Sizes of eggs of California leuco. A.O.M. No. 3871a, Vidadgubayó 387 ph. Cores - 42 g.-ph. (Caccyzus americanus occidentalis) Egg sent to Ches. E. Dors, Shape of egg- ellipsoidal - Light pea-greenish in color. Neo-1. Set - 2/3. 1.31 x 1.04 du. 33 x 26 mm. Neo-2. Set 2/3. 1.34 x 1.05 du. 34.5 x 27 mm No-3. Set-1/3. 1.25 x .95 du. 32. x 24 mm. Neo-4. Set-1/3. 1.35 x 1.01 du. 34.5 x 26 mm. Neo-5. Set-2/5. 1.28 x 1.03 du. 32.5 x 26 mm. Neo-6. Set - 2/5. 1.35 x 1. du. 34.5 x 26 mm. Neo-7. Set - 2/5- 1.29 x .97 du. 33 x 25 mm. No-8. 1.32 x 1.02 du. 34 x 25.75 mm.

16 No- 9. Set 215. 1.34 x 1.04 In. 3" 4.5 x 27 M.M. No- 10. Set- XXX 1.34 X 1.03 Inches. 34. x 26.+ M.M. No- 11. Set XXXXX. 1.06 x 1.01 In. 35. x 25.25 M.M.

Watsonville, Santa Cruz Co.- Cal. (Payore Valley- upper end.) Yes more notes were taken during my residence at Wat- sonville. The notes that follow were from observations during my residence at Castroville, Monterey Co., near the old mouth of the Salinas river, and elsewhere Castroville, Cal.. Feb. 3-1896. Noticed the metallic sheen or purplish around the neck of the male Brewer's Blackbird. Also several days ago I noticed the richlyneck of the Am Coot in contrast to its more dusky body. Have also noticed the white feathers in the short tail of this Bix. I have not seen the California Towhee in this vicinity since I have been down here. My friend Mr. Louis W. Brossaw of Salinas informed me that this

bird is entirely absent in this section Feb. 29, '96. Saw a dozen or so old nests in a barn that were either Black Phoebe's or Barn Swallows. Some were occupied by the House Finch with the interruption of nesting I think. At the peak of the rafter roof two baling ropes were tied - one from each rafter and each a foot or so in length, thus forming a kind of a swing. At the junction of these two ropes and on the knot which tied them together was placed a nest of the Swallow or Phoebe, I could not tell which - probably the former. This nest was occupied by a House Finch I think. The Western Savanna Sparrow is occasionally seen in the vicinity of the barn in search of food and I think one bird which I have seen comes regularly every evening for his food. I have heard their

song of late several times and it is very sweet but weak. It consists of a series of four or five notes of about the same pitch or perhaps a little ascending then a single high note followed by a low one. This is repeated over and over. This is their only song so far as I can learn. The only other note that I am acquainted with is the little chip which is usually uttered as a surprise note I think. The Wn. Savanna Sparrow has been seen to perch upon a straw- stack, a fence and other elevated places. The Titlark has been seen to perch also. These birds are frequently seen in each others company. April-11-1896. Saw a large flock of Cal. Gulls today following the slow and I paid considerable attention to them. I noticed for the first time I have not been close to them

for several days) that they had lost the dusky markings on the back of their neck, that portion being pure white now. This indicates the assumption of the new spring dress. Young birds were seen assuming adult plum- age. They were growing white and tail, underparts, head and croup and wore a dirty blue man- tle, this part not being as bright as in adult birds. The tail was pure white except for a subterminal bar of black). 13 birds were seen ranging from plain dusky young to birds like the above described. Titlarks seem more tawny and streaked with more dark longitudinal- dark markings on sides and underparts. The white eye ring and superciliary stripe may be seen some distance. They are quite tame and are now very neat. A flock of Gulls were sitting on the ground not far from me where two or them thrush backs their

heads opened their mouths widely and sent forth a ringing laughing ery such as is quite common among them but which I never had witnessed before. They are very noisy, quarrel- some birds and this note (It may be a call note) is the most harsh and shrill of any of their notes. July-8/1896. Found a Wm. Savannah Sparrow's nest this morning under a sugar beet in the field. It was only a short distance from a straw stack. The birds were on the nest and did not flush until I had nearly placed my hat upon the nest. She ran along the ground with her wings and tail spread and was evidently trying to delude me. July-9/1896. Today I was amazed by the velocity displayed by the Least Terns at their colony on the sand- bar near mouth of the Salinas. When I approached their nesting spot—it was too late for eggs—they

22 1894. would swoop down on me, nearly Touching my hat and once or twice I thought they did so. They were continually uttering their cries. One or two of these are surprisingly like a note of the Brewer's Blackbird. They also have a cry that is more shrill that is unlike anything that the blackbird utters. July-27. A Wm. Semipalmated Sandpiper Shot Today. These are the first I have identified as belonging to this species. I have heretofore called them Least Sandpiper but those shot today have the semipalmation of the first mentioned species. They were feeding on low sandy bank of river near its mouth. One specimen shows a very long bill- about 1.10 while most specimens measure about .90. This variation is common and ranges from .50 to 1.25. Other parts do not vary in the same way as the tarsus of the large bird was only of average size. The body of the long-billed specimen is however larger

1899. Aug 22. than the average. The other day while on the beach I saw an immense number of large sea birds flying southward in one long column. The column was quite dense and I watched it for an hour. During all this while thousands of birds were pouring past me following the coastline and when I came away it was still in progress. The birds were about half a mile out at their, while a few stragglers seemingly from their number which reached the shore. Those seen at close range were gulls. Not long ago I saw a pair of bal. Towhees near a clump of willows growing on the bank of the old Salina river. This entirely dis- proves Louis Prokau's statement that they never occurred here. No notes were taken from about this time until nearly a year afterwards. O.T. Selden.

24 Rockland-Montereytes., Cal. 1897. Near Gorda T.O. - (Palo Colorado Canada) Aug.16. Am. Water Ousels are frequently seen, also Russet-backed Thrusbes. A large, dark-colored Hawk was seen near Gorda upon a large rock near the sea. It might have belonged to the "falcon group". Aug.31. Some time ago Mr. Plashett of Gorda told me that the 73 and-tabled Pigeons are found here the year through and that they breed. Tonight I became acquainted with the Am. Dipper at close range. One was on a rock in the creek just back of our house and it allowed me to approach quite closely to it. It kept on with its singing. This consisted of two strains one seemingly an alarm note and the other a song. This latter was not unlike that of a canary bird but was more subdued.

Oct-11-1899. I have found out where an Eagle and a Hawks Nest are; also that the bordor may nest in canon near big peak back of here as they are generally to be seen there. While out at the teachers institute I saw a great nombuer of small birds at Pacific Grove that I took to be Pygmy Nuthatches. Some attention paid to seabirds but no species could be distinguished Oct-19 I was very much interested in a little Anna's Hummer. It was sitting upon a limb and allowed me to approach within about 4 feet and to walk about a little so as to see its brilliant plumage in different lights. I don't believe I fully realized until then the full beauty of our little neighbor. The color changing from scarlet to a beautiful golden. The top of the head also would change. Soon it flew away and went on a little ways and was much surprised

to see my little friend within hands reach sucking the insect to honey as the case might be from the blossoms of a gooseberry bush) about 2 feet from me, apparently not at all disconcerted. I also noticed that upon leaving a blossom while it dropped down a few inches it also went back but I could not distinguish whether the wings were used in this process or not. In coming up to a blossom it came up from underneath. Noticed the alternate opening and closing of the wings of a California Jay today. Its flight is somewhat different from that of the Steller's Jay. Last evening I saw a very large flock of Western Meadowlark for this part of the country. The whirr of their wings when flying could be heard some distance. I learned today that a large number of Turkey Vultures roosted in the redwood trees near Mr. Har can's house.

27 Oct. 21. A great many birds were seen to- night on the road home from school. I have noticed on other rainy days besides today that the birds seem more than usually abundant. The only reason that I can give is that they hunt for their evening meal earlier on dark, rainy days than on bright days and accordingly gather in the open places along the trail to feed. The birds also seem to be less shy on rainy days. Nov. 6. Sometime before this date I saw my first California condor but the notes I made at that time were destroyed by accident. As I remember it, I was coming home from school one evening and was near the Dani place when I saw circling about several Turkey Vultures and in their company a larger bird at once distinguishable as the Condor. It soon discovered that we were watching and took its flight over a ridge in about as straight a line as it could make.

28 Nov-7. Saw two California Condors at one time and three at another time, yesterday while taking stroll up one of the ridges. They might have been the same individuals but there were at least three. They were flying at a considerable height so I could not tell very much about them. They seemed however to cover great distances in making their circles through the air. I also noticed a characteristic habit they have of dipping downward in their flight. It reminds me somewhat of the dipping when in flight of the California Brown Pelican. Nov-12. Several times of late I have disturbed congregations of Red-shafted Flickers that had gathered in some land from which the brush had been burned. I do not know the exact cause of these

gatherings as the birds have always taken flight before I could discover their cause. Tonight I saw a California Jay pick an acorn from its twig. It tugged a second or two at the acorn before it loosened it. This of course with its bill and by pull- ing its head backwards. It twisted its head to one side in this operation. It flew away with the acorn in its bill. Was surprised to find the Buzzard Roost was so near to Mr. Harlan's house, it being only 30 or 40 yards distant. He says that a dozen or so roost there the year through. In the winter time as many as four dozen are common. Perhaps in the summer most of them are nesting. Nov. 14. Heard today that the Band-

30 tailed Pigeons do nest here. Also heard that from March on the Vulture seldom venture away from the deep rocky canvors. Evidently they re- tire to nest. Nov-16. A small bird slightly larg- er than a Song Sparrow was seen tonight at close range. Its back was of a peculiar shade of dark brown. Its breast was whitish with dark spots. It has a peculiar chirp. Do not know what it is but should say it was related to the Sparrows. Nov-18. In regard to the bird men- tioned on Nov-16. I must re- tract or rather alter what I wrote at that time. The breast and underparts seem to be of a brownish color and spotted with white in- stead of vice-versa. The bill

is short conical and of a brownish color varying from light to a darker color. The tail is rather short about two inches, I should judge and truncate in form. The bird is somewhat larger than a Gambel's Sparrow. Nov.28. A number of Condors and Turkey Vultures have been flying about a dead mule which is lying a little way up the canon from the camp. Nov.29. Observed a number of Brewer's Blackbirds alighting upon hogs backs. There only ob- ject so far as I can see must be that they wish to devour the ticks on the hogs. These parasites seem to infest all of the animals upon the coast. Dec.6. One day while going to school

I saw a small Owl sitting upon the limb of an oak tree near the trail. I approached to within eight or ten feet of the bird without disturbing it. Soon after I threw a rock towards it when it vanished so suddenly that I failed to get a good view of its wings which I had desired to do. I think that the bird is referable to the bal Pigmy Owl as it had large longitudinal markings on its breast and abdomen. I saw a most peculiar bird yesterday. It was on a rock near the beach. The bird was quite tame and undoubtedly maritime in habits. It sent forth a strange croak or alarm note. In size it was somewhat less than a Gull and its color was sooty black only, as far as I could see.

Its feet and legs seemed to be of a pale flesh color, although I could not see them nearly so well as I could the bill which was of a bright red color and of considerable length--much longer than the head I should say. Also saw at same place three or four individuals of a Sandpiper-like bird. The birds were quite large of a grayish (seen at some distance) color and the bill was two and one half inches long I should judge. Dec-28 I have moved outside and am now at Watsonville. On the journey here I noticed as follows:- A short time after we got out of the canyon I saw two or three Calif. Condors at close range. They were exceedingly tame. Perhaps

they had been gorging them selves on a dead mule that lay at the bottom of the canyon. One of them remained on a tree while we went past at a distance of thirty or four- ty yards. From their small size I should say that they were young birds. One thing that surprised me was the blackness of the naked skin covering their head and neck. At least one Turkey Vulture was in their company. A little further on we were passed by two Bald Eagles in full flight. I am positive I have correctly identified them as both birds had pure white necks and tails. Again after we had reached the San Miguelita ranch we noticed two and afterwards three condors flying above us. All three were of

immense size and no doubt adults. Although I saw an occa- sional W.M. Meadowlark while coming up the Salinas Val- ley, they did not become common until I had reached the vicinity of Chualar. The same is also true of the Crow. It is strange that I saw so few birds along the road I traveled. Here in Watsonville I see a great many Night Herons Dear Tynan's Lake where I am working. They come out from the Hules into the fields just about sunset. At King's City I saw an Audubon's Warbler alight on the side of a telegraph pole. I had never before seen them in a similar position. March-21-1898. About three weeks ago and afterwards I saw a & Audubon's Warbler in full

Watsonville. spring plumage. The feathers were bright. The yellow area was extensive and he had a broad transverse breast plate of black. A pair of Golden Eagles have been seen about a herony for the past month or two evidently with the intention of nesting in the vicinity. They kept the Great Blue Herons away for some time but afterwards capitulated in favor of the latter who immediately took possession A good many Steller's Jays (?) have been seen and one was heard today uttering the shrill ery of a Wh. Red-tail. I was positive at first that a Hawk was about until I found out the deceit. I was informed today that the Road-runner has been present here only a few years. Rockland, Mon. Purrgles, Calif.

April-10. Brown & parrows are more scattered than in fall and winter April-16. Heard a Steller's (?) Jay's song yesterday that was quite musical. It consisted of low rather indistinct warbles, subbells, etc. May-5. About two weeks ago I saw for the first time a couple of swallow-like birds having long pointed wings and a long tail that may have been White-throated Swits! Also saw on same date two California Condors. This was in "fall canon" of Redwood creek. I think undoubtedly they nest here but it would be a difficult matter to locate their nests! On the same day I heard any number of "Mountain Quail" deep down in two of the forks of Redwood Canon in the Redwood timber. I was unable however to catch sight of a single bird although I was

down in the bottom of both cañons for a short time. There call note (think it must be) of "purt", "purt" may be heard a long distance. Two nests of Steller's (?) Jay have been found. Both were in small young Redwood trees eight or ten set up and were large structures composed of sticks and roots stuck together with a great quantity of mud and wet material. The eggs are similar to some types of the California Jay. The nests of Steller's Jays seems to be always found in close proximity to mud. May 17- Some eagles that had been see previously were seen again flying about a nest in a Redwood tree and alighting on it. Both birds were seen carrying large sticks. One bird was seen carrying a stick about eighteen inches long in its bill.

It flew about some time with it. The other was seen carrying a stick at least three feet long and having quite a curve in it. This was carried at one end with its talon. This bird flew about thus for five or ten minutes. May-22. Two California Condors seen circling high in the air. Upon seeing me they flew straight off for a half of a mile or so and commenced circling again. I saw a Steller's Jay alight on a window-sill and near it and try for half of an hour to get inside by pecking. It repeated the performance several hours apart. The bird may have been attracted by the food which was on a table just inside of the window. It kept up its

40 harsh saw-filing notes most of the time. May-31. Two Western Winter Wren seen and one killed. Read today that Partridges do not pair off in some places in a dry year? I think this is partially exemplified here (Redwood) this year and, if report be true, fully so in the Salinas valley. Heard the song of a Calif- ornia Towhee for the first time to recognize the per- former. I have heard it before I think but is not often to be heard. Probably only occasionally during the nesting season. It can hardly be consider- ed musical but never-the-less it is an attempt at song. The bird was seated first in a willow and then in a sycamore tree several feet from

the ground and my presence did not apparently disconcert it. June 12. Band-tailed Pigeons are common are common in large and small bands, also occasionally in pairs, singly or in trios. They are often seen sitting in the top of some solitary or exposed tree or in redwood, laurel or oak trees in deep canyons and other wooded localities. Saw a large California Condor two days ago. It was flying towards me and when about forty yards away, it turned and flew in another direction and did not come near me again. It was an immense bird had large white tracts under its wings and the skin covering its head was red as in the Turkey Vulture. While flying it circled like

a Hawk and used its wings in a perceptible manner, more often than the Turkey Vul- ture does! It did not appear frightened at seeing me al- though it kept a more res- pectful distance. A Macgillivray's Warbler and nest were seen tonight, the latter with its four eggs' taken. I think there can be no doubt about the identity as I looked carefully at the bird for five minutes. Its chirp was like that of the Western Yellow-throat and at first I thought I had a nest of that species for it looked exactly like the ones that species builds but the eggs are not so long and are spot- ted and marked in about the same manner except that the markings are reddish-brown instead of black. The ground color is more of a creamy-pink

than the porcelain whiteness of the Yellow-throats eggs. They are also shorter. The bird was a close sitter and when flushed jumped into the bushes and remain- ed quiet for sometime. I sat down and waited for a few minutes and then I noticed her jumping about in the bushes only three or four feet from the nest. Soon afterwards she uttered her chirp and hop- ed about in and out among the bushes never over five or six feet from where the nest had been. I removed the nest when she was probably not over three feet from me in the dense wild blackberry vines. I noted her color etc. during this time and I am sure I have the correct species! I have seen a bird a few times when going down to the kilns

that resembled this species although I never had a good view of it. Its "chirp" was similar if not exactly the same and I fully believe the bird was this species. These are the only birds I re- member or that could be con- sidered this species. June. 21. A good many wild Pigeons are to be seen in the canons and hay fields eating grain. Anna's Hummers ♂ and ♀ are to be seen in almost any place, perched upon a dry limb, Buzzing about a flower or executing various performances in the air. It will often allow one to ap- proach within four or five feet before they will leave their perch. Turkey Vultures are to be seen in numbers some days and other days are not to be seen at all. Evidently

this is regulated by the food supply. At a Later Date. On a trip to the Redwood after my households goods which had been left there. In the "Three-mile Flat" I noticed a queer thing. The heat was intense and the only birds seen were Horned Larks of which there was a considerable number. The Sunset Telephone com- panies' lines run through here and the small narrow shadows of the telephone poles offered the only chance of escape from the burning crays of the sun, the country for some distance being barren of trees or other natural plant life. The birds were in single file in this narrow strip of shade and often ten or a do[-

en would be in one shadow. When disturbed they nearly always flew to the shadow of the next post. Aug-20. Am now at Jamesburg. The climate is very warm in summer with snow in winter. The altitude is from 600 to 4000 feet higher than the Salinas valley. The timber of the level and lower lands is white oaks. All the hills however are covered with black oak, laurel and other mountain growths. There is also a great deal of chaparral. A Nuttatch? probably the Slender-billed seen today. This is the first time I have ever seen this species alive. It was in the top a white oak tree near the top of one of the little hills near here. It was rather tame and hopped up and down the limbs Only a few feet away from me.

At last it flew to a neighboring tree. Its flight was undulatory. Another new bird is a small sparrow-like bird about the size of a Song Sparrow. Its outer retrices were white or at least heavily marked with that color. A patch including throat and chin was black. Castorville Aug-24. Large numbers of sea-birds have been seen off the coast flying along in a string two or three or perhaps more miles in length, the birds being very thick in the column. These birds were a mile or two from the shore and a like occurrence has been seen before several times. One time I noticed them they were flying in a northerly direction, however they may fly southward part of the time. I think they are local birds fishing but they appear to be millions.

Not long since I saw and killed a Gardner's Woodpecker on a small lypusine not two feet from the ground (i.e. 394a) I have never seen them so near the ground before. It was evidently perching for food, probably bugs. This was on the sandhill and there were no trees for a considerable distance. Dec. 23. While at work in a field a S ay's Phoebe came and alighted on a dead weed only a few feet away. It seemed to be fearless. It then flew to the ground in search of insects or grubs. I have never seen these birds on the ground before. It approached to within three or four feet of me. Dec. 30. The Phoebe referred to above is growing exceedingly tame. This afternoon it alighted on the ground within six inches

of my feet, remaining several seconds - gazing me the while. I have heard from others of the habit I have lately discovered of the Ducks and Geese flying out to sea in the day- time if disturbed. It is reported a customary thing. From the top of the sand-hill I saw vast numbers of Gulls, Ducks, etc. resting upon the surface of the ocean. They extended seaward as far as I could see. Have lately become acquainted with the note of the White-tail- ed Kite. It is a kind of a whistle uttered generally, I think, when it is disturbed. Jan 6 - 1899. Some ducks ("Canvas- backs") were seen flying sea- ward and alighting perhaps one-fourth of a mile from the shore. Saw a Kite drop from its hovering position in the air

upon its prey. I noticed that its wings were not closed but were almost perpendicular to its back so that at any mom- ent its decent might be stop- ped or its speed lessened. Jan-8. Sometime ago a Gull was shot that was new to me. It proved to be a Glaucus-winged Gull. It was a young bird of the year. Jan-15- Sometime ago a Sparrow- was shot that was identified as an Intermediate Sparrow. Most of the winter Sparrows I have been calling Gambels' belong to this species I think Sea very rough on 10th in- stant and ducks were forced to come to estuarial waters! A flock of about 300 came and caught in "marshy lake". Pelicans also came in from

sea and alighted in "river mouth". jan-15. Several Thrashers heard singing today. Two kept singing while I was within twenty feet of them. Several new notes heard from the principal singer. One of very low pitch of a guttural character. The song lasted once fifteen seconds but generally five, six, or seven, sometimes nine or ten frequently only one or two notes. Intervals between strains also irregular and generally about the same duration as song but sometimes lasted a minute or two. Above note taken at Watsonville.

52 1899. Feb.-9. Found a House Finch roosting in an old house which had part of one win- dow out. March-16. Saw a male Brewer's Blackbird pick up a stick and fly off with its mate who was near. They must have commenced nesting. March-29 All Brewer's Blackbirds and House Finches seen seem to be in pairs. May-8. Sometime since I saw a Crow chase away an Eagle from near the nesting site of the Crows. Saw a male Brewer's Blackbird feeding its young. Also saw both male and female House Finch feeding young. The male bird observed quite closely. He seemed to cheer

up the morsel, dividing it into small bits and these were given to the young birds. I saw a few days ago, a Brewer's Blackbird chase away a crow from its nest- ing place. June-22. A great many Horned Larks seen on road to Glorio Nearly all were in the shad- ows of the fence boards and posts. A dozen or so Turkey Vultures and Crows seen at a slau- gher house which is at the edge of the town of Gonzales! The Vultures were settling on the fences and ridge poles or buildings some having their wings expanded. Also noticed that the Horn- ed Larks mentioned above had their wings expanded. June-28. During a ride from Castrovile

to Jamesburg. Cali Woodpeckers seemed to become more common as I came from Tularcitos Rancho and went up the Tassajara grade to the Bruce place being most common in the black oaks and other trees found near the summit of the grade. A great many trees seen in which holes had been dug by these birds in which to store acorns! Altitude at Bruce place is about 4000 feet I think. Bird life is probably more ab- yundant than it appeared to me. I'm going up the Tassajara grade from Blomquist's place I was greatly reminded by the Yacimientos canyon although the latter is much dryer. Saw a young Wm. Meadow- lark at Andrew-Blomquist's place. It was fully fledged but not yet able to fly for- yellow of breast was quite dull.

Also heard song of Wm. Martin on Tassajara grade. June 29. I heard note of Wm. Fly catcher at spring on Laurels grade. It greatly resembles some notes of the Wm. Wood Pewee. I heard song of Wm. Lark Sparrow near top of Laurels grade. To me it resembled the trilling of a canary bird but it is not so delicate. Noticed quite critically the twitching motion of the Bluebird's wings when it alights. July 4. During the past month I have traveled over a consid- erable part of the northern half of this county and have noticed how very abundant two birds seem. These are the Horned Lark and the Gold finch. The Horned Larks seem innumerable in the valleys

I have not seen them in the Carmel country except at the summit of the Laureles grade. I think I have seen four hundred in a single band. Goldfinches are not seen in such large bands but they seem to be found in hill and level land alike in companies of from two or three to a dozen or more. I have noticed before how plentiful these birds are at this season of the year. August-7. Saratoga, Santa Clara Juncos (probably Thurber's) are quite common and very tame, coming about the camp as if no one were around. One came and alighted on the side of my bunk, not two feet from my head.

Castrville. Sept.5. Several times of late I have heard the Black Phoebe pouring forth its "cheery chirping" from the top of the barn or from a post. I have often heard this note in winter and spring as the nesting season appro- ched but never to my remembr- ance at this time of the year. It may be because the spring molt had passed. I have not heard the Calif. Thrasher's song for sometime, although two years ago I heard it in the fall. I hear their harsh call or alarm note near- ly every day from the pair that live on the sand-hill. Sept-7. Cheery note of Black Phoebe heard again today. Bird was on bard. This note sounds like to-whit to-whit. The last word has first the rising and then the falling inflection. This is repeated again and again.

58 Sept.12.Saw a Great Blue Heron fiercely attack a Hawk and three Turkey Vultures that were flying about a piece of tuiles that it seemed to be guarding. The Heron showed surprising adgility in the attack which was always from below. It kept uttering its harsh cry almost continually. In most instances the Turkey Vultures showed themselves to be superior in flight. The Heron did not desist until its foes had been driven off. It them settled itself near the tuile patch. Per- haps there were some of the poisoned fish there. Saw a Red-bellied Hawk poise in the air for several seconds. This was repeated several times. Sept.14 Went over to beach to see the fish that had been killed by the refuse from the sugar factory

being dumped into the river Large numbers of Gulls were about. I think I recognized Hermann's among them. Two Gulls shot which were I think immature Cali. Gulls. A Least Tern was also shot. A great many Great Blue Herons were there, attracted no doubt by the dead fish. Turkey Vultures also quite numerous near fish. Sept-24. Went over to river mouth again. Fish nearly gone except skins and bones. A good many birds seen flying about at sea but no con- tinuous stream as is sometimes seen. At least one Gull was seen de- vorating remains of fish. Near- ly all of the Gulls seen were at "fish pile" and were exceedingly tame. A Gull was seen that belong

ed the the Heermann's species that was I think a young of the year. It was smaller than any of the others and was of a uniform sooty brown or dirty black color and was marked in tail wings and upper parts by cross bars of a light tawny color. Small Sandpipers seen in water taking a bath after the manner of the Brewer's Blackbird and other birds Curlew seen at river mouth feeding, eighteen were seen. They fed in the same way as Blackbirds feed. Those behind flying up and alighting in front of the rest. Sept.25. Red-bellied Hawk seen during an attempt to capture a small bird- a sparrow I think. It was flying only three or four feet from the ground when it paused an instant and then dropped to the ground but it

failed to get the bird. Oct.4 Weather has seemed more like winter for last two or three days. Wind from E in morning. Blackbirds are in much larger flocks and are more common than here-to-fare. They come around me more when I am at work in the fields. Oct.5 First appearance of Am. Pipit this season. A dozen in one flock, two in another. No Swallows seen for a long time. Oct.9 Several birds commonly called "Jack Snipe" seen. They are the first I have seen closely. I think they are Wilson's Snipe. Oct.10 An eagle seen near river mouth having whitish subterminal tail markings.

62 Oct 14 Went over to beach Hermanns and other Gulls plentiful. A thin stream of sea birds flying up the coast quite close To Shore and very low. Two birds brought me. A Teal and a Black-bellied Plover. The latter a young bird I think. Went to beach in P. M. and shot 2 Red-bellied Sandpipers. Two "Jack Snipe" shot proved to be Long billed Dowitchers. Perhaps all of the "Jack Snipe" are Dowitchers. Oct 23 On beach today saw a large black and white bird that may have been a "merganser". Oct 24 Went over to beach today in A.M. and saw a string of birds flying northward quite close to shore. In P.M. no continuous string of birds flying in one direction.

1899. 63 Nov.3. I think I saw an Audubon's Warbler today. The first I have seen this year-I think. brow heard two or three days ago for the first time this year. Large band seen. Nov. 11. Audubon's Warbler seen today at close range. Nov. 14. Least Tern seen flying in flocks about fields. Nov. 27. Large flock of Brewer's Blackbirds seen. Fully 1/2 should judge were young birds as their breasts were marked with large longitudinal marks. The flocks of young birds seem to be separate from the flocks of old birds. A few "Red wings" occur in nearly every flock of old Brewer's. Jan. 19. Gulls, many flying about fields squabbling vociferously been their food. This is the 12th time I have seen them alight

since the flood. Jan.22. The largest band of Killdeers I ever saw was seen today aimlessly flying about but moving in a general northerly direction. I do not know whether they are residents or migrating birds. There were nearly a thousand of them. June 19. About a week ago I saw my first band of Horned Larks that appeared to be foreigners. There were about 50. I have frequently noticed that this bird gathers into large bands during the early summer months but I do not know whether they are birds collected from the various scattering pairs that breed here or whether they are migrants. I saw the young Cliff Swallows that were hatched from the nest on my barn upon the roof.

They were being fed by the parent birds. July 5. Western Meadowlarks are to be seen in the field about here. They are usually quite abundant in winter. They are just beginning to come back to this part of the valley. 1900. Feb. 1. A flock of 20 or more Gulls are following my plow at present. They all seem to be adult but which a single exception of Un. The flock is being increased by small drove of a doz. or so from the bay. Several y.g. Cal. Gulls are noted among late arrivals. Several Gulls have left having gone to a pool of water stand ing in the field others are resting on the plowed ground as tho they had satisfied their appetite. Straggling flocks are arriving continually, also

ones, twos and threes. Nor the flock has left with the exception of about a dozen birds. A single bird arrives and hovers about, alighting a few times. Small flocks and the large one pass without stopping. All of the other birds have left. Time of above notes on Gull: a little over one hour. Ordinarily if there is a flock following a plot all birds passing by will stop for a few minutes at least! Otherwise they may or may not. One bird is still resting on the plowed ground. This bird is a g.g. U.n. When disturbed it flew only a short distance flopping its wings several times before it left. Perhaps it is gorged with food. There are several dead an- imals in the river bed and I have seen Gulls feeding

upon them several times. Nearly all were yg.Wm. 30 minutes later than the above notes g Gulls came and are following my plow. The yg.Wm, has joined them. All the late arrivals are ad.Cal. I think several "Red-wing" noticed among the Blackbirds are "Bicolors" There are at least 100 Blackbirds in the field at the present time. Late in P.M. about 100 crows arrived and looked the plowed land over in search of worms. Mar. 21-01. An immense number of Gulls in field following my plow. There are just thousands of them nearly all Cali, a few of them were what I call yg.Wm. They settled on the plowed ground racing the wind and literally made the ground blue and white. When they arose from the

ground in a body the noise of their wings could be heard for a considerable distance so strikingly different from their silent flight when in smaller flocks. They remained about half- hour for the lake in the field. April 20. At least 6 or 8 Titlarks in a band in the field. They came about the harbour while I was working. Some were very plumbeads on the back es- pecially on the lower neck and adjacent portion of back. Others were more olivaceous which is the usual coloration while they are with us at least most of the time. All seem to be quite taw- y on the underparts. April-21. Saw a yg. bird just able to fly a few feet, in the field. From its general resemblance

to the § of the species and from the actions a pair of birds yesterday near the same place I think it must be a Horned Lark. I think I saw a Least Tern today flying near River. They usually first appear about this time. I saw about 6 Pipits this P.M. in the fields while I was plowing a single furrow, others at dif- ferent times during the day. Quite a large band of Gulls in the field today at one time, others individuals at different times. Several gg. Un's noticed. They were in an intermediate plumage that I have never noticed before. Several others seen closely the Calif species, as no doubt the majority were. April 28. Many House Finches ests being built, some con- taining eggs but the majority

70 still under process of con- struction. Removed a nest from its sit- uation on the water closet. It was placed on a 2x4 that was nailed under and parallel with the eaves, so closely that I could not get my finger into the nest (with but sliding the nest out to the end). It contained four eggs and I replaced it several inches nearer the corner. This did not seem to disturb the parent birds who was just noticed sitting up on the eggs today. Apr-29. Five inches nest on water closet contained five eggs today. Bird sitting. Accidentally destroyed two eggs in replacing it. May-3. Several times today I have seen Crow-like birds but (although they were flying high) I could not distinguish

the sickle bill of this species, so they were probably some other kinder kinds for I thought I could distinguish two kinds of birds. Their note resembled a Curlew's greatly. I saw two flocks of 30 or 40 birds (or perhaps the same flock twice) and several times single birds or pairs. Saw them again this evening after it was too dark to distin- guish them. May 5. A band of Curlew (genuine article) of a dozen or more alight- ed in my field and allowed three to approach within gun shot before flying. The first time they flew a short distance and alighted again and upon being disturb- ed left the vicinity. May 8. Several bands of Curlew seen today. one of 14 or 15. I can hear

some flying over as I sit here writing. I have seen 30 or 40 birds today. May 6. Late this afternoon I dis- covered a band of 40 or 50 Curlew resting on the plowed ground 200 or 300 yards from me. They were all facing the wind and were apparently motionless. Ten or fifteen minutes later I looked to find them and I failed to find out how or where. May 11. About 20 Curlew seen today I think. Some in bands, others in ones, twos, and threes. A flock alighted in the field where I am working. My halloing at the horses, scared all but three away very quickly. These remained until I was within gunshot and then they left. May 24-25-26-27. Russet-backed Thrushes

have been heard singing in the willows several times late. Once I heard it late in the P.M. after it was quite dark. July-10. Found a nest and y.g. of House Finch in my barn today. There are 6 or 7 nests of Cliff Dwallow being built there. One inside and the others under the eaves. July-30. About a dozen Barn Dwellows seen perched upon the tubes at an open space of water. They were evidently after flies. July-31. Barn Dwellows seen as before flying about water hole and perched upon the tubes. A Black Phoebe also seen at same place. Sept-27. Saw a large wader in the field yesterday. It was

smaller than a Curlew and had a straight bill. The color- atation was about that of the Cur- lew, as best as I could see. Sept 30. Day's Phoebe first seen today I think that this individual bird has returned to this place for three consecutive years at least. Oct-16. Judging from the broadly strip- ed black and white head and rufous belly of a Nuthatch I saw at the hill today, I think the bird I saw was a Canada Nuthatch. This is the first Nuthatch I have seen in the valley. It was entirely earless and was almost caught by hand. It was searching the posts and pickets of the fences and the walls of the buildings at the sandhill.

1902. A.D. Aug. 9. Immense numbers of sea-birds flying about a school of fish- Came quite close to shore. 1903. A.D. Jan. 31. Two Swallows seen today with long pointed wings, green back and white under parts. Feb. 6. About 4 P.M., a long straggly string of crows seen flying from a field (Frank Josephs) Towards the river to what I sup- pose is their roosting place! Two or three y.g. U.n. Gulls seen feeding upon the remains of a dead salmon left by the flood upon my land near the river bank. Feb. 7. Heard a Calif. Shrike singing today. I approached within about four feet of it under covers of the shrubbery. I wat- ched it through a small open space. It must have notice- ed me, as it was looking directly,

at me. Its notes were a series of guttural warbles. Its notes greatly resembled the notes of an Oriole; other were like a Blackbird, some were like the scolding of a Wren and still others with its customary harsh scolding notes. During the Oriole noticed that its throat vibrated up and down but not during the other notes. I have heard this song be- fore and I think the bird usual, does it from a low sit- uation. Dec-12. Among the Blackbirds shot the other day were two streaked "red-wings" having the lesser co- ers dull red, the middle ones black edged with whitish and the greater ones similar with a narrowed edging. The primaries were widely edged and the tail-

77 Feathers had a very narrow edg- Ing of the same. I think from Cody's rather meager, description they are q Niccolored. Length- 7/35, Extent- 13.25 inches. Feb-13. Quite a good many Titlarks were seen about edge of water of slough along river and also about drift nearby searching, I think for insects. Nearly ever piece of wood or drift that we turned over harbored "water- Insects" of a certain species for which I know no name. The birds were after these "bug" I think. A very large & Sharp-shinned Hawk- in immature very dark plumage - shot at sand-hill today. Mar.28- On road to town today saw two brilliant-colored ducks in Tembladero plough near where I have seen a pair for several years. I think they Nest here

and that they are Reddy Ducks. May-31. A ♂ Wnt.yellow-throat was Closely observed today in low- brush in sand on overflowed land near river. It was accompanied by a paler colored bird - I think a ♀ of this species but I could not get a good look at the other bird. The chirping notes which both uttered were quite dissimilar. Apr-2. Went to Monterey and in a curio store saw many local birds that I had not met with or were not well acquainted with, some were as follows:- Pacific & Red-throated Loon, Horned and Western Grebe - Horned Puffin, Bairds and Brandt's Cormorant ♂♀ Merganser, Am. Long-eared Owl - Cal. Poor Will, Cal. W.N. Am. Herring, Glaucon-winged Herman & FB Bonaparte's Gulls.

Royal & Common Terns - etc. including Shearwaters, Murres Aukslets, Murrelets - etc. I was told that the strange dark colored birds I have often seen along the coast were Shearwaters - Mr. Clark - the Taxidermist also said that he had found 3 kinds of Nutatches Apr. 17. Eagle seen today at short range (about 30 yards) seated upon the ground eating a dead jack rabbit. Several whitish or light colored areas were noticed especially the scapulars and wing coverts and nearly all of the tail - the terminal portion of the latter being black. The bird did not appear to me to be much larger than an ordinary Red-tail (except when flying) but doubtless at close range I would have noticed a con- siderable difference.

It stood upon the rabbit and two morsels of food loose with its bill by pulling or jerking backwards. Later in the day a Turkey Vulture was noticed feeding from the same tid bit. Horder was able to approach only within about 50 yards of this bird before it took flight. Feb-27-1904. A large Owl seen a day or two ago perched upon a post near a small slough not far from town. I think it was a Short-eared Owl although I have never seen this species at shot range but am con- fident that it is found here. This owl had a dark stripe just back and at the posterior edge of the operculum. General color brownish with lighter mark- ings on some of the feathers. Was unable to get a distinct idea of the markings.

May.21-1905: Goldfinches - many seen in willows along river - 3 nests - 1 with egg - 2 with eggs - one incubated and one fresh. The Blackbirds are eating all of the kernels of the heads of the barley that has volunteered on my alfalfa patch, there being no other ripe grain in the vicinity. May.22-1905: I discovered today the song of the Yellowthroat and although I have often heard it before did not connect it with this bird. A & was seen today singing at close range. 1906. A.D. Jan.21-1906. A Rails has been about the house all day today - flying first from one cover to another as it was disturbed. It was first seen running about the chicken yard with the chickens. This is the first instance I have known of ones being seen about my house

as their usual haunts are at least a mile away and there is only one band there so far as I know. 1906. Dec. 1. Today I saw 40 or 50 Turkey Vultures coming from their roost just before sunrise today. The roost is in the trees on top of the ridge on the O'Connor tract just across the road from the Dobey Ranch. 1906. Mar. 13. During the past few days I have heard several birds in full "spring corp" Wm. Yellow-throat, Tree Wren, Wm. Paranna Sparrow - and Crown Sparrow. 1908. Mar. 21. About two weeks ago I was very much interested in the "antics" of two male (judging from gorged and metallic frontal dest on their head) Armands Ham. meas. They have been noticed much of late between the whare- house and my dwelling house

about the eucalyptus trees which are in blossom at present. I was spading my garden in which is growing a small acacia tree when suddenly one bird came buzzing about the blossoms of the tree and finally slight not over two feet from my hand. Suddenly another bird appeared upon the beam. With a "squawk" very similar to, of course with less volume, that of the Black -crowned Night Heron it descended from a height of 100m perhaps even two feet it almost perpendicularly to where the other bird was sitting then executing with only a slight curve at the bottom of its descent a return movement it poised about 15' above the other bird for a few seconds only to rise almost perpendicularly to its dizzy height to again execute its parachute-like drop again.

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100 A record of birds shot and examined, including all mat- ters which may prove of interest or value. Bird. No. 1. Northern Phalarope - Shot Sep. 2-1899 at Salinas river mouth. It was feeding and swim- ing in shallow water - about 100 in band. Not preserved. Measurements as follows:- Length-7.40. Wing-4.10. Tail 1.95 Extent-13.00. C.d. of culmen-.82. Head-92 Tarsus-81. Mid toe & claw-82. No. 2 Northern Phalarope - Shot Sept-2-1899 in company with No.-1. Not preserved. Length-7.67. Tail-2.13. Wing-4.30. Extent-13 3/8. C.d. culm-.89. Head-90. Tarsus-.87. Mid toe and claw 88. No. 3 Black-bellied Plover. Length-10.in. Extent-24.34 in.

101 Wing- 8. in. Culmen- 1.25 in. Head- 1.50 .. Tarsus- 1.90 in. Mid-toe and claw- 1.45 in. tail- 3.00 in. Tibia bear- .85 in. No. 4 Least Bem. Extent- 30.50. in. C. of culmen 1/3 in. Length- 10.75 .. Tarses.- .87.. Wing.- 10.25 .. Mid toe and Head.- 1.65. .. claw. .95.. No. 5. Brewer's Blackbird. Extent- 10.45 in. Head .95 in. Length- 9.25 .. Mid. toe and Wing- 4.60 .. claw- 1.00 in Tarsus- 1.30 .. Iris-hazel, Culmen- .75.. Bill jet black. No. 6. Intermediate Sparrow- Extent.- 8.95 in. Mid. toe and Length- 6.10 .. claw- .80 in. Wing- 2.85 .. Tarsus- 1.00 in Tail- 2.86 .. Hk of tail- .20 .. Culmen- .45 .. Gony- .22 ..

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148 Notestaken 1900 A.D. Oct-22. A yg. Comorant roasted on top of my house last night. It seemed dazed and allowed me to capture it but pecked at my hand while I was doing so. I fed it some flax and some cooked meat and bone. It swallowed a piece of meat and bone over two inches long; it also picked up from they yard a piece of onion skin and other things and ate them with evident relish. It had great difficulty in swallowing the large piece of meat and bone. Aug-14. Many thousands and perhaps hundreds of thousands of sea-birds were seen off the coast at Moss Landing. They were evidently following the pathway of an immense school fish; as there were thousands upon thousands of pardsies strewn along the edges of the sloughs about the Landing. Saw also a flock of about a dozen large waders near the Landing. They may have been

Four-toed Plover but I was not close enough to distinguish. Also a flock of large black and white birds that ap- peared to be Demo but was not close enough to tell. There has been a Brewer's Blackbird about the house for some time that makes a wheezing noise everytime it takes a breath. Other wised I don't notice any peculiarities. I do not under- stand the cause of this noise.

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Addresses. J. Parker Norris, Jr. 723 Waltmt St. Philadelphia. John Larsen. 1496 W. Madison St., Chicago. D.B. Burrows. Lacon, Casa Blanca, Ill. Nuecestes - Texas. W. E. Snyder, Beaver Dam, Wis. Chas. D. Thompson, Pass Robles. Cal.

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