Field notes, v1382

Karlstrom, Ernest L.
1954
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley
Original Source
Source Material:
Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

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CONTENTS Catalog nos. 144 - 391 Journal Species Accounts Amphibians Bufo boreas Bufo canorus miscellaneous Reptiles Mammals
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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from CLIR https://archive.org/details/fieldnotesv138200karl
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CONTENTS Catalog nos. 144 - 391 Journal Species Accounts Amphibians Bufo boreas Bufo canorus miscellaneous Reptiles Mammals
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Ernest L. Karlstrom 1954 Catalog nos. 144-391
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Catalogue Agua Fria Ch., 3 mi. W Mariposa, 1500 ft. Mariposa Co., Calif. April 7, 1954 144 Sceloporus occidentalis Bear Ch., 2 mi. S Briceburg, 2500 ft., Mariposa Co., Calif. April 7, 1954 145 Rana boyeri El Capitan meadow, 3950 ft., Yosemite Valley Mariposa Co., Calif. April 8, 1954 146 Hyla regilla adult ->-> 147 " " " " 148 " " " " 149 " " " " 150 " " " " 151 " " " " 152 " " " " Strenner meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. April 8, 1954 153 Hyla regilla adult ->-> 154 " " 155 " " 156 " " 157 " " 158 Bufo boreas holothyelus ->-> 159 " " " " 160 " " " " 161 " " " " 162 " " " "
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E.L. Kalatum 1954 Catalogue 6y miles ch., 10 mi. NE Placuda, about 700 ft. Mariposa Co., Calif. April 9, 1954 163 Rana catesbaina tadpole. \frac{1}{2} mi. S Dent Center, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, mariposa co., Calif. April 24, 1954 164 Hyla regilla \sigma^\circ 165 " " " " 166 " " " " 167 " " " " 168 " " " " 169 " " " " Cathedral N from Dentist Rocka, 4100 ft., Yosemite Valley, mariposa Co., Calif. April 25, 1954 170 Hyla regilla \female 171 Ensatia schscholtzii plotensis same locality as above. May 1, 1954 172 Ensatia schscholtzii plotensis } on display rock of Yosemite 173 " " " " museum may 1st. Stream mdw., 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, mariposa Co., Calif. April 30, 1954 174 Hyla regilla 175 " " 176 " " today collected may 15, 1954 Vicinity Rockville, Dolan Co., Calif. May 2, 1954 177 Cantia tonus (donated to mvz)
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E.L. Kaldstuen 1954 Catalogue may 13 Pothole meadows, 7750 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Meriwau Co., Calif. may 13, 1954 178 Hyla regilla ♂ 179 " " ♂ 180 Rana boylei serial ♀ adult Peregray meadow, 7300 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Meriwau Co., Calif. may 13, 1954 181 Bufo canorus adult ♂ Codew meadows, 4500 ft., 3½ mi. E by SE of Aubury, Fresno Co., Calif. may 26, 1954 182 Rana catesbeina 183 " " also 183a, 183b 0.2 mi. N of Silver Lake, 5271 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. may 26, 1954 184 Thamnophis e. elegna 185a Ensatina e. platensis " " " (juveniles) Kaiser Peak Meadows, 8000 ft., 2½ mi. NW of Kaiser Pass Summit, Fresno Co., Calif. may 26, 1954 186 Bufo canorus adult ♀ 187 " " " " 188 Bufo canorus eggs (from above animals) 189 Hyla regilla 190 " " 191 " "
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E.L. Kurdtum 1954 Catalogue Kaiser Peak meadows, 8000 ft., 2 1/2 mi. NW Kaiser Pass Summit, Fresno Co., Calif. May 27, 1954 192 Bufo canorus juvenile 193 " " 194 Rana boylei senior 0.2 mi. NW of Kaiser Pass Summit, 9200 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. May 27, 1954 195 Hyloxalus regilla 196 " " 197 " " 198 " " 199 " " 200 " " 201 " " 202 " " 203 " " 204 " " 205 " " 206 " " 207 Bufo canorus adult ♀ 207a " " eggs from above laid in jar. 208 " " " " 209 " " " → 210 " " " " 211 " " " " 212 " " " " " 213 " " " " 214 " " " " 215 " " " "
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E.L. Kalstum 1954 Catalogue 0.2 mi. NW Kaiser Pass Summit, 9200 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. May 27, 1954 216 Bufo canorus adult o> 217 " " " 218 " " " juvenile 219 " " " " 220 Rana boylei sierra 221 " " " 2 1/2 mi. E Cune Flat on Hwy 120, 6800 ft., Yoz. natl. Park, Mariposa Co., Calif. May 29, 1954 222 Rana boylei sierra 223 " " " Crocher Station, 3 1/2 mi. E Harden Flats on Hwy. 120, 4150 ft., Tuolumne Co., Calif. June 2, 1954 224 Cerbomtus caeruleus ♀ (embryos preserved June 3rd) 225 " " " o> (testes preserved " " ) 226 Euceces gillberti (specimen lost Yosemite museum) ELK. 227 Charina bottae (lost while displayed Yosemite museum) Stromen meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. June 3, 1954 228 Bufo boreas adult ♀ 228a " " series of tadpoles collected April 24 - June 3, 1954. 229 " " " " 230 " " " o> 231 " " " " collected June 19, 1954 Gaylor Lakes Trail, 75 yards W of Tuva Pass Rager Station, 9980 ft., Tuolumne Co., Calif. 232 Bufo canorus ♀ (collected J.R. Erickson) June 18, 1954 232a " " " 233 " " juvenile
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E.L. Karlsten 1954 Catalogue 100 yards E Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9920 ft. Yosemite Natl. Park, Tuolumne Co., Calif. June 18, 1954 234 Rana boylei ♀♀ 235 Bufo canorus ♀ 235a " " " 2 miles E Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, Tuolumne Co., Calif. June 18, 1954 236 Bufo canorus ♀ 200 yards NE Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft. Co., Calif. June 19, 1954 237 Bufo canorus ♀ (in angulus) 237a " " (eggs) - transformation in progress. v 238 " " adult ♂ > (used for breeding control) 239 " " " 240 " " " 241 " " " 242 " " " 243 " " " 244 " " " 245 " " " 246 " " " 247 " " " 248 " " " 249 " " " 250 " " " 251 " " " 252 " " " 253 " " " ? 254 " " " 255 " " "
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E.L. Kalatun 1954 Catalogue June 19 200 yards NE Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft. Mono Co., Calif. June 19, 1954 256 Bufo boreas adult → -257 " " " " thrown out 8/4/54 ELK -258 " " ↓ 259 " " -260 " " ELK 7/18/54 Specimen not accounted for -261 " " " " " " " " " 262 Hylo regilla 263 " " 264 " " Conground 19, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. June 23, 1954 265 Bufo boreas 266 " " Conground 14, Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. 4050 ft. June 30, 1954 267 Bufo boreas ♀ 41000 ft. Yosemite Valley (near residential area NW of Government Center) Mariposa Co., Calif May 1954. 268 Bufo boreas (collected by local boys and 269 " " put in museum display cases) Conground 14, Yosemite Valley, 4050 ft., Mariposa Co., Calif. July 1, 1954 270 Bufo boreas Court Center Garage and slope area, 41000 ft. Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif July 2, 1954 271 Bufo boreas →
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E.L. Karsten 1954 Catalogue Campground 19, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. July 7, 1954. 272 Bufo boreas holochilus (collected by David Haterfeldt) Haterfeldt 273 " " " 274 " " " 275 " " " 276 " " " 277 " " " 298 " " 200 yards NE Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft Mono Co., Calif. June 19, 1954 278 Bufo boreas eggs (from ELK # 237) 279 " " " and larvae Croets Dome, 1/2 miles N-NW of Twinlume mdws. Campground, 8600 ft., Tuolumne Co. Calif. July 10, 1954 280 Thamnophis s. elegans 281 Rana dr. scienot 200 yards NE of Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft., Mono Co., Calif. July 10, 1954 282 Bufo boreas adult ? 283 " " " photographed with > 71/3 52 mm. body length 284 " " " 285 " " adult -> 286 " " " 287 " " " 288 " " "
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E.L. Karlstom 1954 Catalogue 200 yards NE of Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft. Mono Co., Calif. July 10, 1954 289 Bufo canorus juvenal 290 " " " 291 Hyla regilla 292 " " 293 Rana boylii sirenus 294 " " " 295 " " " Same locality July 11, 1954 296 Bufo canorus todysolus { Different pools. 297 " " " 298 " " juvenal 299 " " " 300 " " " 301 " " " 302 " " " 303 " " " 304 " " " 305 " " " 306 " " " 307 " " " 308 " " " 309 " " " 310 " " subadult (3) -> 311 " " small adult ♀ 312 " " 313 " "
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E.L. Karstun 1954 Catalogue 200 yards NE Tioga Base Ranger Station, 9900 ft. Mono Co., Calif. July 11, 1954 314 Bufo coronus 315 " " 316 " " 317 " " 318 Hyla regilla 319 " " 320 Rana boylei sevins 321 " " " 322 " " " 323 " " " Camp 19, 4000 ft. Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. July 16, 1954 324 Cerbatnus coeruleus palmeri (collected by Maulyn Karstun) July 17, 1954 325 Cerbatnus coeruleus palmeri (coll. David Hastedfelt) July 18, 1954 326 Bufo larrea holozhulus (coll. by M.J. Karstun) 326a " collected E.L. Karstun 326b " 100 yards NE " Tioga Base Ranger Station, 9920 ft. Mono Co., Calif. August 2, 1954 327 Rana boylei sevins 328 " " " 329 " " " 330 " " " 331 Hyla regilla 332 " " 333 " "
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E.L. Kadethum 1954 Catalogue 200 yards NE of Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft. Mono Co., Calif. August 2, 1954 334 Bufo canorus tadpoles & emerged young 335 " " juvenile 336 " " " 337 " " " 338 " " " 339 " " " 340 " " " 341 " " " 342 " " " 343 " " " 344a " " " 344b " " " 345a " " " 345b " " " 346 " " " 347 " " " 348 " " adult 349 " " " 350 " " " 351 " " " 352 " " " 353 " " " 354 " " " 355 " " " Sierra Swamp Lake, 8400 ft., on Hwy 120, 9 miles NE of Gin Flat, Tulare Co., Calif. Aug. 2, 1954 356 Thamnophis elegans elegans
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E.L. Karlstrom Catalogue stomach molus, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. May 1954. 357 Buteo lowneri holochilus (Raised from birds collected May 1954 and killed Aug. 8, 1954) W of Court Center, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. August 17, 1954 358 Aëronautes melanoleucus (wh-throated swift) sick study skin on road. Deposited Yosemite Museum 8/18/54 200 yards E Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9930 ft. Mono Co., Calif. August 30, 1954 359 Buteo circumc adult ?? 360 " " " " " 361 " " " " " 362 " " " " -> 363 " " " " " 364 " " " " " 365 " " " " " 366 " " " " " 200 yards NE Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9920 ft. Mono Co., Calif. Aug. 30, 1954 367 Buteo circumc adult -> 368 " " " " " 369 " " " " ?? 369a " " " " " 370 " " " juvenile --- 371 " " " " 372 " " " " 373 " " " " 374 " " " "
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ELKardstem 1954 Catalogue 200 yards NE Tioga Base Ranger Station, 9920 ft. mono co., Calif. Aug. 30, 1954 375 B. coronus juvinal 375a " " 376 " " recently metamorphosed (q) 377 Dyla regilla 378 " " 379 " " 380 Rosa brylei siense adult N end Tioga Lake, 9500 ft., mono co., Calif. 381 Bufo coronus ? (collected by Aug. 28, 1954 382 Dyla regilla Ranger Doug Rafferty ) Residents' vegetable garden, Yosemite Valley, 4000 ft. Mariposa Co., Calif. Aug. 31, 1954 383 Bufo boreas holophilus adult ? (collected by one Yosemite of local boys nd brought to museum) 38 Road to Mormon Bar , SE of Mariposa, Mariposa Co., Calif. July 1954 384 Bufo boreas holophilus ?? (Collected by young girl near culvert along road. Others reported ) Eait. Residence area, Yosemite Valley, 4000 ft. Mariposa Co. Calif. July 1954 385 Cerastentus coeruleus polmeri (collected by local boy and brought to Yosemite museum) Returned to collector. 1.3 mi. N., 0.2 mi. W. Cavin Center, Richmond California (Contra Costa Co.) October 10, 1954 385 Taricha torosa (juvenile) 386 " " 387 " "
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ELKodstun 1954 Catalogue Front of Borgia Club, Court Center, Yosemite Valley 4000 ft., Mariposa Co., Calif. Oct. 16, 1954 388 Bufo boreas holophilus subadult 389 " " " adult (coll. by R. Russell) Stonerun Meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Oct. 16, 1954 390 Bufo boreas holophilus adult ♀♀ (coll. by R. Russell) 3 mi. W Clearlake Park, 1400 ft., Lake Co., Calif. Oct. 17, 1954 391 or Agelaiua phoenicura (coll. by Alden Miller) 66.6 gm. 3920 " " decomposed & discarded 24.6 gm. End 1954 entries
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Ernest L. Karlstrom 1954 Journal
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Journal April 7 Chuckie, Kris, and I left MV2 8:15 A.M. Speedometer reading 28044.0. Took Highway 24 to Walnut Creek, U.S. 50 to Tracy arriving there at 10:15 A.M. Slow progress due to new set of rings in Plymouth subdivision. Merc'd 12:00 noon, (174.0) Weather warm and sunny, in middle 70's with moderate breeze. Slight patches of billowy clouds in foothill regions. First collection stop made 1:15 P.M. 3 miles W Marygrove, Marygrove Co., Calif 1500 ft. Aqua Fria Creek here runs along south side of State Hwy. 140. We stopped by a roadside stand- State Hill Wayside Stand. Wide pools of slow moving water at this point. Creek is fairly low now, at most a foot in depth. G. E. Thomas, owner of wayside stand an old-timer in this area. He reported that Aqua Fria Creek dried up about last of July 1953, although springs fed it for a while. Completely dry creek bed by August. Conditions today seemed right for adult Rana or salamander eggs in stream or spring pools but I saw no signs of any amphibians. Mr. Thomas gave a clue. The creek had 4-5 feet of water about one week ago. He has heard frogs (Rana presumably) calling since last week in March when he set up stand. I collected one small Sceloporus under a piece of rotted
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E.L. Karbatum 1954 Journal (2) April 7 log. The steam temp. at 1:30 P.M. 190 C. Air Temp. (shaded bulb) same. Bear Creek, 2 mi. S Bridelung, Morigoro Co., Calif. 2500 ft. 2:50 P.M. Road repairs on Bridelung grade stopped us here until 4:30 when caravan of cars piloted through. The stream parallels the highway here. Rivine is steep-sided and fairly well strewn with rock and earth from work on road. Temperatures in the high 60's warm and sunny. One Rosa gaylei was taken in shallow water. She left front tire had picked up a sharp stone and I had a half flat tire while I changed while we waited for the 4:30 caravan. A pilot car led us down the Bridelung Grade to Bridelung itself where Hwy. 140 was clear right into the Valley. Arrived Yosemite Lodge 6:05 P.M. (speedometer 282-16.) Road miles Tracy- Monteca - Modesto - Marced - Morigoro - Valley about 202 miles. I called Doug Hubbard at his home (#24 Employee's residence area northwest of Court Center) and he suggested we save money by using Ranger Club instead of Yosemite Lodge cabin. We elected, however, to camp out at Camp 4 instead. Kris bedded down in plug for backseat station wagon. We slept on air mattresses beside the car. Big Moose American scared hell out of my wife about one o'clock. She
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Journal (3) April 8 old man should have hung metal food locker up in tree instead of just fastening the hose. The night was clear and cold (35-40° F.). Kris woke me 6:15 A.M. Temperature at 7:15 was 6° C., and the sky overcast until close to 8 o'clock. I met Hubbard and other resident naturalists at the museum in morning and was shown through the working area of the museum. At 10:45 a.m. it was clear and mild in the low 60's. We drove to El Capitan meadow and checked large pond near the road. Hyloa adults were calling and egg clusters, some small toads taken from pond. A bobcat was sighted near the pond when we first arrived. After lunch at the Yosemite Lodge cafeteria we went to Stroman meadow. A large patch of snow adjacent to the meadow gave an indication that it is colder here. The northwest exposure with sheer cliffs of Oliver Point may account for the later snow melt here. Otherwise, the meadow in some condition as that at El Capitan. The dead dry brown grass lies fallen, and little green grass is now evident. Air temperature 21° C. at 1:50 P.M. Strong NE wind. More Hyloa calling here. Eggs and small toads again stolen. At 3:30 we checked area SW of Old Village. The
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Journal (4) April 8 locality suggested by Stedman looks sufficient running or standing water to yield any good breeding sites. The creek bed coming from Glacier dental Rock is dry. The only pond I found big enough to hold Hydra was at the base of a large boulder on the south side of the Church at Old Village. A few adult Hydra were visible in the water and egg clusters were present. I took the trail leading along the base of the Valley wall SW from Old Village. No large pools were visible. It appears as if the meadow area SW of Old Village is out as a study site. However, pools along the SE side of the road between dental Bridge and Camp 6 may be a possibility. These pools follow a course along the road and apparently represent flood courses of the Merced River when it is high. Certain of the pools are boggy. Water samples were taken at pools where Hydra were found (eggs present) and in brownish pools where there were no signs of animals. It remained clear but cool in the early evening as we returned to a cabin rented earlier in the day near Yosemite Lodge, at 8:00 P.M. I collected my night collecting gear and headed back to El Capitan Meadow. Air temp. 70 C. Rancous Hydra chases here. Moon 1/3 full gave light to open meadow pond here.
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Journal (5) April 8 At 8:35 A.M. I checked ponds SE side of road between Dental Bridge and Camp 6. Water sample taken (speedometer reading 9.55) and then SW down road (9.6). Dental Bridge reading 9.7. Hyla heard only at 9.6 spot. At 9:05 P.M. (4000 ft.) I arrived at Stramon Meadow. Loud Hyla chorus from various meadowlets and ponds middle part of meadow. Evening remained clear and cold. Air temp. 2.5° C. At 9:30 P.M. I collected 5 adult male Bufo boreas at one pond south side of road. Returned half frozen to cabin 10:10 P.M. April 9 morning broke clear and cold. Temp. near cabin 7:30 A.M. was 8° C. I checked in at the museum 8:30 and constructed a box for the max.-min. thermometer in the museum shop. Norm Werkenheim gave me an assist in finding materials. At 9:30 I checked ponds located in meadow area between Camp 6, Government Center, and Dental Bridge. Hyla adults calling and some out in water. Temp. now high 50's with moderate to strong westerly wind. Ponds near where road blocked off (½ mile SW Government Center) may prove to be foot ideal study site. Werkenheim reports that traffic in summer should be slight. The ponds are on low ground. Any pathways would be higher or people would tend to stay on old roadway. This site would be between Camp 19 where we will live in summer and museum where I will work.
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Journal (6) April 9 After picking up repaired tire (boot had been required) and loading the wagon, we drove to the museum at 11:00 A.M. I talked with Dave Hoyt (see notes), weather records man, at the Adm. Bldg. and then picked up Norm Herkheim. We drove to Stearnon meadow, set up covered thermometer, and secured it with stakes. I took notes until 12:30 P.M. at Ford A and also exhibited pictures (see under B. lizards). We drove fast to Bricelburg for the 1:30 + outgoing coronation, arriving 1:25. Our car was 3rd from last and we were parked not more than 1/2 mile from Corronie Wyckhamites brunnea locality (0.7 mi. N of Bricelburg.) It was slow first and second gear driving, start and stop, to top of the grade. Suggest earlier arrival if this coronation taken out of Valley. The dust was heavy and on a hot day your car would boil over in a hurry. Local estimates for completion of the major part of road construction were 2 months from now. Later, Oak Flat Road may be better way out of Valley. Speedometer readings coming home: Valley (Lodge) 28301 where I got 5 gallons gas. We hit Florida on Hwy. 140 at 3:23 (8371.1). Tracy (28450.0) 5 gallons gas and last stop. Berkeley 28505. Rana catesbeiana tadpole station miles Creek, 10 mile NE Florida, Mariposa Co., Calif. Elevation about 700 ft. Time 3:10 P.M.
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E.L. Karlstein 1954 Journal (?) April 9 Doug Hubbard, Associate Naturalist at Yosemite, reports that Tioga Pass Road slated to be open by June 15, as is customary. A naturalist is usually at Glacier by end of June when public can get to Glacier Point. He directed me to Walter Hoyt, a Ranger now available at the Administration Building, who now operates weather station at museum and has kept Yosemite records for years. Hoyt let me see weather data sheets for past year. Some pertinent figures are here listed (readings taken daily at 5 P.M.): ^ Temperatures of. Date max. min. snow depth at museum March 17 Freezing or 18" 20 below min. 9' 23 temps. taken 5 24 9 28 patches 31 high for Feb. 69° - April 1 64-32 - 2 68-29 - 3 70-34 - 4 69-40 - 5 57-42 0.19 inches ppt. 6 60-40 0.22 " " 7 68-34 - 8 68-34 - 9 - 34 -
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E.L. Kaldstern 1954 Journal (8) April 9 Ranger Hoyt also provided some comparative data on snow depth the 1953 vs. 1954. The season is later this year, closer to normal, than the dry winter of 1952-1953. The snow was virtually gone from the valley floor toward the end of February 1953. This spring it took until the end of March. Today at Bodger Pass snow depth is 74 inches, whereas on April 9, 1953 34 inches covered the ground. Hoyt stated that it now would be possible to drive to a point near Peggy Meadows road leading to (about 7200 feet) on snow-plowed Ostrander Lake ski trail. With permission from the Superintendent it would also be possible to now get up to (6000') Crane Flat on Big Oak Flat Road. By mid- May it should be possible to get to CIn Flat (7000 ft.) I neglected to ask about the older, lower Oak Flat Road to Tamarack Flat (6500 ft.) If warm spring weather continues it will be wise to check these lower caravan localities as early in May as possible.
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E.L. Kardston 1954 Journal (9) April 24 R. Steblins and I left Berkeley 4:25 A.M. in the MVZ truck. From Steblins home we took the [illegible] Point road through Tilden and finally cut into State Hwy 24 near Orinda. morning cool and slightly foggy Berkeley area. Valley overcast and cool, in the low 60's. modesto 6:05 A.M. merged a little after 7 A.M. Conven system over construction route Building guide not operative weekends. We stopped 8:45 A.M. at the E side of the bridge at Buellton. a search down NE facing slope of the merged canyon turned up one [illegible] snake by Steblins. Too dry for Hydromantes here although the rocky outcrops seemed ideal for their habitat. Also deeper looser soil available for them at drinking fountain locality up Hwy 108 0.7 mi. from Buellton. Later in the morning we checked the El Cojote Meadow site, [illegible] calling. Water level up. We checked in at Yosemite museum before noon. Weather overcast good part of morning, unsettled. Following notes mostly gleaned from R. Steblins species accounts since I spent most of time fiddling with thermal apparatus. Arrived Canyon Meadow, 7300 ft, Yosemite Natl Park Mariposa Co., Calif about 1:00 P.M. meadow mostly covered with snow but in bare patches first plants (strawberry & others) are just poking up.
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E.L. Kadetun 1954 journal (10) April 24 Bearagay mdr., 7300 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Mariposa Co., Calif. These plants could not have been out more than a few days(?) area in full sun except under lodgepole pine cover. Willows along stream budding but none burst. We drove through clouds from Ten Wawona Tunnel to Chinquagin and there thru mist nearly to Bearagay. Scattered low clouds seen from Bearagay but sun shining most of time. Clouds drifting through tree tops. Clouds obscured sun continuously beginning about 2:35 P.M. Strenner meadow, 4100 ft., Yosemite Valley at 4:50 P.M. (D.S.T.) Sky overcast. Apple trees with new leaves and in full bloom. Black oak reddish brown leaves and catkins - just coming out; some not out. Black cottonwood yellow green leaves, just out. We made night checks of Strenner east, Grist Center meadows, and one SW of Old Village. Only food tribe seen were at Strenner. Hydras flowering all places checked. April 25 Phorologically the Valley appears to be about 1 1/2 months ahead of Bearagay Meadow area (R.C.S.) To Bearagay looks much like Valley did in late February this year (?) We worked at Grist Center site after 4:30 A.M. (D.S.T.) Gustly light breeze, scattered clouds. Temps in 60's. Stibbins took Hydrants below Cathedral Rocks about 2 P.M. I got an Eosation. Left Valley 4:30, arrived Berkeley 9:45 P.M.
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E.L. Kardatum 1954 Journal (11) April 30 John Ericham and I left Berkeley 5:45 A.M. (D.S.T.) Weather clear and cool. Walnut Creek, Danville, Modesto 7:15 A.M. Merced 8:10 A.M. Original speedometer reading Berkeley 65'102. Valley clear and cool, in 60's. We hit the Bear Creek construction zone at 9:10 A.M. (D.S.T.) scattered clouds, cool. Bear Creek, Agua Fria creek clear but not exceptionally high. Radio agent this morning reported that Colleta roads [illegible] would be clear to about 7000 ft. Hunt season opens tomorrow. The Merced and other season streams are reported high, muddy after snows and snow melt of past weeks. We arrived at the Valley 11:00 A.M. (D.S.T.), got the key from Doug Hibland at the museum for the chain blocking the Edviers Point Road, and proceeded to Pereogy meadow. Intermittent sunshine, clouds, and scattered drops of rain in the Valley. More of the zone only snow flakes instead of rain at Pereogy. I estimate 4-5 inches of new snow at that meadow. Weather cold, about 40°. Took two data and set up thermograph (vis) at Pereogy, freezing in the process. Return to Valley 4:30 p.m., groceries at Old Village (well-stocked place!) and set up stove for gulo camp 4 in the early evening. Windy, overcast weather, some raindrops fell. Night checks Streamer mdrw. 8:30 p.m. (D.S.T.) and 1/2 mi. S Gwt. Center. Weather remained
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F. L. Kardellam 1954 Journal (12) April 30 Cort. Center, Yosemite Valley, Meriuan Co., Calif. Checked April weather station records from museum max. min. Aprt. april 27 58-44° F. at obs. 5.00 p.m. 42° .81 28 57-32 51 .89 29 62-35 45 .14 30 50-37 45 .04 It rained most of night Tuesday (April 27). Rain and elevated temps. that night apparently failed to initiate breaking again, at streamer or Cort. Center site, at least. It may take a series of warm nights to get the snails out (?) Weather overcast and cool, slight breeze. Increased number of ponds and rivulets all meadows resulting from week's rains (see above). Erikson and I earlier (7:45-8:15 p.m) took in movie shown by Doug Walbond at Yosemite Lodge. Spectacular color movies of volcanic eruptions Hawaii, film under auspices Hawaiian natl. Park. Lodging at Bergens club. May 1 Yosemite Valley Day broke clear and cool. After breakfast at Old Village I converted check of stand equipment at Cort. Center site. Water level in ponds up about one inch (see B. Knox account.) moderate breeze, the air temp in 60's near noon. Deciduous trees will leafed out although oaks lag behind cottonwoods. Clear weather continued until about 3 p.m. (D.S.T) solar clouds formed western end of Valley. Intermittent sunshine from 4 p.m. on until we left
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[illegible] [illegible] 19. 12 24 24 [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]
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E.L.Karlstien 1954 Journal (13) May 1 Valley View, about 3400 ft. Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co. Calif. Left Valley via Big Oak Flat Road. Speedmeter 421.0. 4:45 P.M. (D.S.T.) no snow or road all the way out of Park. At Cline Flot (El. [illegible] ft.) snow about a foot deep in meadow near Ranger Station, patchy, run off streams clearly forming. It would be wise to check this possible low altitude canyon locality as soon as possible. Winding road 10my. 120 for about 40 miles from Cline Flot but surface in good shape. Road straightens out west of Chinese Camp. Go stop Oakdale about 8:00 P.M. (D.S.T.) Arrive Berkeley 9:45 P.M., Speedmeter 607.6. Mileage from Carl. Center, Yosemite Valley, to Berkeley about 187 miles.
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E.L. Kardatum 1951 journal (14) 5:50 A.M. (D.S.T.) May 13 I left Berkeley travelling alone in the Plymouth. Initial speedometer reading 28686.6. Gas filled 15.0 gal. regular, total #4.41. Weather clear and cool Bay area, mostly cool and fair Valley. Reached 8:30 A.M. Yosemite Valley (Grant Center) at 11:00 A.M., speedometer 28896.2. Apparently no concern at Bridging Grade today. Road again this or at scraping stage preparing to oiling. Valley clear, cloudless sky, and warm - in high 70's about noon. I unloaded some gear at the museum, storing boxes of equipment in large basement room. Horton Bill at the Administration Bldg. briefed me on Valley mosquito control (see B. brevis species notes). The Sanitation Engineer is on leave for a few days, so I couldn't see him. Stevenson Meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley. 12:15 P.M. (D.S.T.) weather warm and clear. Steady NW breeze. strong enough to ruffle the pines. Checked oiled roads to me. Samples of Bitter and Higher flora taken. I left Stevenson about 2 P.M. and headed up to Baggy Meadow. Weather same but some billowing low clouds. Snow completely off most of Baggy Meadows. Some patches (to 1 1/2' deep) higher ground under stocks of pines. Left Baggy for Glacier Point, arriving there 6:05 P.M. Road clear of all snow. Evening clouding over but weather still mild. Check meadows between Glacier Point and Baggy. Left Glacier Point 6:48 P.M.; mileage reading 32.6. First stop
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E.L.Karlström 1954 Journal (15) May 13 Pathole meadow, 7750 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, mariposa Co., Calif. (mileage 35.5) made check here 7:30 P.M. (D.S.T.) sky slightly cloudy, temp. mild. Hylen chasing. Checked Perezog meadow 8:45-9:45 P.M. same evening, 1/2+ phase from cost soft glow over open meadow. Sky haze, cool, in high 30's F. checked East Center meadow 10:20 P.M. Two adult O->tools marked and released. Through cleck of woods and parks. Plan a check of Stevens meadow. One & adult marked & released. Temperature considerably warmer than Perezog meadow, as would be expected. Talked with Doug Hubblond. For a Kings Canyon- Sequoia Natl. Park collecting permit: write Eivird T. Scogen c/o 3 Rivers. Robert Rose - Park Naturalist will issue it. Mention Talk with Hubblond. May 14 Gas 7:40 A.M. Yosemite Lodge 15.5 gallons, mileage 966.8, $5.00 even. Breakfast at Old Village, then check of East Center locality. Conversation with Doug Hubblond before leaving. Oiling done in liquid form, no spraying. He doesn't know when other meadows will be oiled. Leave Yosemite 11:35 A.M. mileage at lodge 970.0, First stop on Big Oak Flat Road 985.4. Meadow here just before Orange Flat (86.1) Ranger Station. Scattered clouds but sunny. Rosa braylei larvae eggs and
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Journal (16) May 14 ½ mi. SE of Cane Flat Ranger Station, 6700 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Tuolumne Co., Calif. one adult seen at above locality. Bera egg clusters collected. no signs of B. conurus here yet, but probably breeding site (?) afternoon overcast and very windy in the valley. Arrived Berkeley 6:00 p.m. (D.S.) mileage 1160. Road mileage from Yosemite Valley to Berkeley via State Hwy 120 to Manteca, U.S. 50 to Walnut creek road 190 miles. winding road from Cane Flat to Chinese Camp makes this route much harder to drive and slightly longer driving time. May 21 Left Berkeley in Plymouth with John Erickson and Ann (Sycadester 29483) Tucker 4:30 p.m. (D.S.) measurable traffic to Walnut creek and south to U.S. 50. Arrived Yosemite Valley (29273) about 10:45 p.m. Evening fair and mild. checked May 22 Grant Carter station 11:05 A.M. sunny skies, temp. high 70½. Recorded max-min. temperature and changed date on thermographs. Afternoon spent with young adult geryze from St. Michael's church, Berkeley. Evening fireball watched from Grant Carter meadow. Gae 154 golden (29738.) Two adult B. hovecz picked up in broken oven. May 23 clear, stormy evening, mild. Trip to Glacier Point next morning 10:00 A.M. (D.S.) On return trip I stopped off at Paregy meadow 2:00 p.m. and checked weather station. Air thermograph was running but did not for nearly all of week. this thermograph apparently had been wound too
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(01) Journal In 2003, [illegible] was held for 72 hrs at $500. There was (02) no resident staff there either. Authorities notified the family. Funeral under the new church cemetery rules, day and service to be made on the 14th with the remains committed (03) via cemetery (02) m.9 am. A [illegible] service follows. [illegible] at [illegible], church may again begin soon. 2011 Sunday at 9:30 AM, meeting at our [illegible] site. 2012 may have begun, when our home stood at which time there just refuse and waste to it exist inside your fields. Our work to be made when they through in gardens that is good. (28th Sunday) Sunday at 9:00 AM (05) m.9 of a resident service already known, on 24 at there has been [illegible]. Now he may give 2013 to 2011 books and make your own. A 2011 note also find it good. In anticipated for our labors and so that the less wanted shipments or stock supply labor, labor before the way some [illegible] gang workers into this way between making many (75mm) but we a resident in the labors. Send a check to it 2013 mind it first bill, give quota, and 65 for I just notice no (06) m.8 2011 given ten in m.9 2012 value regards to be insert now improve it. Write other label take to the face of the lab. And some at home and lab there is not at all
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E.L.Karlton 1954 Journal (17) may 23 Perogay meadow, 7300 ft. Yosemite Natl. Park, Marjina Co., Calif. tightly by Stebbins two weeks ago. Hopefully it will resume normal operation if spring gets close to unwind some. Warm sunny afternoon with moderate breeze. Jim Clarke, Ranger at Chirguazi, stopped by while I was at the meadow. He suggested getting my car completely off the road since Sunday traffic heavy and cars tend to speed up on the straight-away here. Clarke mentioned meadow in front of lodge at Bridger Pass much water and he thinks he saw a food from there. I returned to Valley about 3:30 P.M. Assembled gen Tent 4 Camp 19. Return to meadows day Clover Point road 8 P.M. Temp. low 50½, clear night at Pothole meadow, 1700 ft., Y.N.P. Marjina Co., Calif. 9:10 P.M. (D.S.) Hyler calling adult ♀ Rana Choral temp. 13.5°C, water 14.0°C, air 10.2°C. 9:20 B.M. I decked water tower in sunny windlet, 9.1°C. 3 other adult frogs seen. No chorus (above temp. data under Rana draylei species account, too). I returned to Bart. Center meadow 11:00 P.M. after making a hurried check of Perogay meadow. No chorus calling latter. Found 3 adult bronze at Bart. Center site. Night clear and cool. Air temp. 12.5°C. @ 11:05 P.M. may 24 Yosemite Valley. Day spent setting up tent and equips- ment Camp 19 and records space at museum. Note
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F.L. Kadetsen 1954 Journal (18) May 25th evening check of [illegible], Yoz Valley 7:30 p.m. Air temp. 140c. at 7:45 p.m. clear, coolish evening. May 25 check of Cort Carter locality noted at noon. See Bifur bronca species account for phenological data. Clear sunny skies, moderate westerly breeze. A quick lunch at Camp 19 before heading southwest. Left Camp 19 3:00 p.m. (D.S.), mileage reading 87 296*.0, temp in 70's, clear but blustering winds. Peregrin [illegible]. 3:40 p.m., mileage 709.8. I set my thermograph in upper meadow for water temps. On way back toward Chiquangin Ranger Station I checked a good-looking canorus meadow. Mileage 711.6. Byla chewing loudly. Meadow area SW x NE, 150 yards long 50-60 yards wide. Rion troglai egg clusters in small stems. Large shallow pond 50' diametr, 1/2' deep middle in center of meadow. Here Byla chewing. 5:45 p.m. Drow patches under Lodgepole pine S edge of meadow to 2 1/2' depth. Varied types of water breeding situations available. Continued on to Chiquangin, mileage reading 77.7. Gas 9.8 gallons gauged. Fish Camp on Hwy. 41 south of Park boundary 39.7. Westfall Ranger Station, Geira Notte. Forest 40.3. Don Phillips, Forest Ranger, provided me with maps and direction to Boggy Meadows. I headed N again toward Fish Camp on Hwy 41, then turned (42.7) E at mile-14i Collins. Rough single lane forest service just road. Final [illegible]. Meadow at 47.6. 1/4 mile further the road came to an abrupt halt at a level
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Journal (19) May 25 4 miles E of Fish Camp, Sierra Natt. Forest, Monjosa Co., Coly. Camping area alongside a creek. The road headed across the creek but it was too deep to drive across. At 7 p.m. I decided to stop here and fish for my dinner. Two young 5-6" rainbows (dull markings) were taken. Royal Coachman fly most effective. Other trout which rose were same size or smaller. 8:30 p.m. (D.S.) I decided to scout for other road to Boggy meadow. I started back the same way I came but found no other roads while I had tire tracks. The roadbed is so bad 10 m.p.h. is top speed. Winter work has not been removed. The maze of forest service "roads" here is beyond me without a jeep. No Hyldn or other grums were heard in this back country. Level area are few as the canyon walls or steep- sided. Elevation about 6000 ft. Logged off rocky country with yellows sugar pine, white cedar, much monzquita. At 9:15 p.m. I was back out to Hwy. 41. Traveled .5 to west side of Boss Lake where I camped at Sierra Natt. Forest public camp. Hylda calling. May 26 Breakfast beside beautiful calm Boss Lake. Warm clear morning. Bullbirds circling (2), many Brewer's blackbirds, white-crowned sparrows my visitors. South on Hwy- 41 to North Creek. Talked with Forest Ranger at store there. Keeler Pass has been open 6 weeks, opened early because of Edison Co. dam going up. Suggested taking new Auberry grade, left turn
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L. Karsten 1954 Journal (20) May 26 at stop sign N edge of Auberry, speedometer reading 795.0. Weather clear and hot. Started climbing steadily from Auberry. Stopped at flat meadow area (speedometer 803.6), probably Corlew Meadow, 12:30 P.M. Long meadow semi-open with pine stumps covering it. Slight flow of water thru its 1/4 mile length but mostly standing seepage pools to 1 1/2' depth. A few Hyla tods present but only in some of the clearer pools. Adult but small bullfrogs (4) taken. Pasture meadow, many stagnant pools. Most standing water has dried up and ground is dry under most fallen logs and brush except in lowest part of meadow. Enemidophorus and Belogyrus seen but too active to get close to even with my mouse-reigned 9' fly rod. Air temp 2
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E.L. Kahlstrom 1954 journal (21) may 26 Big Creek (825.0). Lake drive at Huntington Lake (834.9). Some patches of snow under trees at Huntington Lake, El. 7000 ft. Continued on to Kaiser Pass Summit (9305 ft.) speedmeter 841.4. Road to sample meadow rough but possible, that is, half way. A deadfall halted me at (846.1) and I turned back. Kaiser Peak meadow, El. 8000', 2 1/2 miles NW from Kaiser Pass. Hygen calling here. Sky clear, moderate freeze, temperature 12-13 oC. about 6 P.M. Two adult ? B. corrus collected along river or adult ?. with eggs. I returned to meadow 0.2 mi. NW Kaiser Pass Summit. It turned cold very fast as the sun set. It was 5 o C. by about 8:30 P.M. night sky clear, no freeze. Attempted to get recordings of corrus calling this locality but only got about 30 seconds of > recording angelsona advance of matter ?. See Tape # 1. Also see B. corrus species accounts for night and warming temperature data. may 27 0.2 miles NW Kaiser Pass Summit, Fresno Co., Calif Remained here most of day recording corrus calls and gathering winds & temp. data. Clear skies all day, slight freeze. About 3:30 I again went NW down road to Kaiser Peak locality. One corrus ? land, about two two juveniles collected. Dozens of adult Bma taken for food ad scientific purposes. Hygen calling. made some 7 P.M. Billy Creek campground on NE shore Hunt- ington Lake. Went back up Kaiser Pass road at 9:30 P.M. to lodge Bodger Flinto, El. 7800', Fresno Co., Calif. E.A. custodian of Fresno State Lod
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E.L. Kardstrom 1954 Journal (23) May 27 Dodge Flats, El. ft., Fresno Co., Calif. Suggested I try this or an intermediate altitude between B. Breeze at Huntington Lake and Cerritos me at Kaiser Pass. Little meadow area noted here. No Weyer or Bufo calls heard. Cold, clear night. More meadow area may exist here than I had time to find. Returned to my Billy Creek campsite after midnight. May 28 left Huntington Lake (Billy Creek Public Camp) at 8:45 A.M. (D.S.) Speedometer (880.) Road noted along Hwy 168 (83.0). Big Creek 9:15 A.M. 10.6 gallons gas, $3.50. Better meadow SW of Hwy 168 (92.6). Returned to Yosemite via same route taken south. Checked Paragon Meadow Cerritos station about 3:30 P.M. Return Yosemite Valley 4:30 P.M.
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E.L. Karstun 1954 Journal (23) May 29 Yosemite Lodge gas station, Yosemite Valley, Calif. $3.27 Filled tank (10.1 gallons regular) at 9:00 A.M. Speedometer 024.1. Herded up Big Oak Flat Road out of Valley. Crane Flat 040.1. Tioga Road, first stage small meadow SE side of road 042.9. A small open grassy pocket 80 x 40 yards with melt off water running thru it. Shallow pools (to 6" deep). Last trace of snow are 6x3' x 8" patch under forest margin. Rana eggs. One young frog taken. Algae growth fair in stiller pools. Plenty of deadfall log cover for toads. Growss to 8", no signs of cornus, check at night! Road to Tiomrock Flat 42.6. Road surface generally good with some frost upheaved. Tiomrock Flat 46.2. Small meadow beyond 47.2. 10:15 A.M. (O.S.) Day clear and warm, temp now in high 60's. No signs of anemone at all though plenty of water & cover. This meadow (50 yards wide) adjacent to Coyote Creek. Cascade Creek Bridge 48.8. End of drought-age Old Oak Flat Road 49.7. Steep drop from Tiomrock Flat. Apparently no available meadows due at lower part of road. I talked with a fisherman who has been in this area regularly since 1918. First seen dry creek but no toads. He killed cattle down by Cascade Creek about 1925. Meadows are along Tiomrock Creek north of the campground. No time now to hike up dry creek (at least not without a fishing pole). Back out N to Tioga Road 056.1. White Wolf meadow, 8400 ft. Speedometer
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E.L. Kaulbach 1954 journal (24) May 29 White Wolf Meadow, 8400 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Mariposa Co., Calif. reading 067.4. Weather clear but cool. strong breeze. Byla calling. arrived here 12 noon (Pottolas & sagoage rocks) Next stop a meadow S side of Trogas mine Road (070.1) Presquise Flats, 7950 ft., Y.N.P., Mariposa Co., Calif. speedometer 76.5. Tyysa locality for species. Virtually no level ground near public campground. Go E about 1/2 mile. The gentle S slope toward the creek has runoff flow. little wood for cover and very little rodent browsing. Row adult seen in stream. Snow patchy covering less than 1/3 of area described above, Presquise Creek Campground (79.1), Snow Flat 82.2... level, 2/3 rds snow covered. I didn't take time to stop at Snow Flat. It looks like good camping area. Arrived Tuolumne meadows 3:15 p.m. loaded my gear in a packboard and hiked about 4 3 miles up Lyell Fork of the Tuolumne. Broad- Broad valley opens up at this point. The river is high. Only small patches of snow remain under the lodgepole pines bordering the valley. deepuge pools numerous as well as rivulets and streams cutting into the main river. strong wind. Evening clear and cool. I tramped through the meadow area bordering the stream. Only Byla found and there very few. Lyell Canyon still overall brown with dead grasses but the new air temp -30e. May 30 green grass is to 2" tall. 7 a.m. I hiked to lower Lyell Base Camp and fished 1 mile downstream. Limit
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Journal (25) May 30 Toulumne Meadows, 8600 ft., Y.N.P., Toulumne Cr., Calif. Evening check here 7:30-8:15 P.M. lots of water in meadow (see B. census notes for temps.) no Tuiga Pass Ranger Station, 9940 ft., Toulumne Cr., Calif. (107.7) Weather clear and very freezing 9 P.M. made night check with headlamps and also sat in car listening for cornuz. Only calling. Down precipitator grade to Lee Vining (121.8). Stopped at Coffee Dike Cafe, then drove me Hwy 120 to Lee Vining Public Camp Ground by 10:30 P.M. Cornuz from Tuiga Pass down east side very scarce-sided and doubtful much food habitat afforded except we ran cost. Dogbrush ad and upper dinner come in just about Mono Lake area. Walker Lake at 7926' in Carsonite Zone should be checked out. June 1 Sunday, if possible, morning broke clear with high clouds to the east. Temp. at 8 A.M. High 60's. Returned Lee Vining 8:30 A.M. (123.8), bought groceries and headed N on U.S. 395. Roads W side of highway at (125.5). Shallow (to 1' middle) 50x150 yard lake used for watering stock. No signs of eggs or birds or my murres. Continued N on U.S. 395. Took side road trying to get to edge Mono Lake but it led away from it. Conway Summit (El. 8138') 10:15 A.M. Stopped for lunch Swager Valley Creek (157.6), N of Bridgeport. Got off U.S. 395 and State Hwy 108 (67.5). Leavitt Meadows Lodge 77.3. Owner of lodge says he hasn't seen trouts in "this country" in 15 years be for killed murres. "He seen lynx, though." Sierra Pass Summit 2:40 P.M.
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Journal (26) June 1 Dornas Pass, 9624 ft., Tuolumne-Mono County line, Cal. Most of pass now covered with 2-4 feet of snow. Area 500 down W side where I camped last year is 3/4ths covered with 1-2' of snow. Cold, 25-30 mile wind blowing up canyon from west. Billowing white clouds cover most of sky. Took Kirdahne #5 looking S from 9000' marker toward Lenewt Park. #6 slide taken facing W from me in boulder above campsite. F=6.3 at '1/so th for both, made search of open willow area for toads. No luck! Then hiked up creek to a crossing and came down N and W facing deeper searching for Hydromantes. Plenty of reese but no salamanders. At 5 p.m. I went E over Dornas Pass again and checked for crickets in meadows four miles E of summit. Continued down W side to Kennedy meadows, 6200 ft. and made camp at Deadman Creek campground. No signs of bears at Kennedy Meadow. Hest for a garter snake in a deep pool. Cross to 10-12" bass. June 2 left Deadman Creek Campground 10 A.M. (219.0). Stayed by road construction on Hwy 108 about 6 miles W of Dardanelles (231.0). Gas at Long Born (258.0) 16.0 gallons. #5, 25. Continued Hwy 108 past Jonestown, then cutoff to Chinese Camp and on Hwy 120. Clover Station (Lat. 33, Township 119 E) Speedmills (330.2). Stopped here to check for toads. H.P. Molander and Wenty Wilderkopf at the station provided me a most interesting afternoon. They in 15 years have not seen toads in area, and they seem to recognize various species as yellow-legged frog & tree toads. I heard
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E.L. Karlstam 1954 Journal (27) June 2 Cucho Station, 3 1/2 mi. E under Flat on Hwy. 120, 4452 ft. the history of this old stage cook station built with hotel, stables, culine in late 1860's, this spot is a huge collector's heaven. Boards ad other litter are all over the ground plus rotting logs down near the meadow. I took a rubber boa, saw but lost a yellow-bellied mtn deer down a rodent burrow, got cervinus colorus, Euceros gilberti; many scelogenus seen but warned me and not easily approached with noose. By 5:15 I was at Cane Flat Ranger Station. Talked hurriedly with a ranger there and he told of seeing and dening coronus at Tuoga Pass both day ad evening. He believes cold spray (evenings) of last week freezing the frods down. arrived Old Village 5:44 P.M., tried a surgery. June 5 Left Happy Lakes, Yosemite Valley 9:45 A.M. back- packing into little Yosemite area via the merced lake trail. Pair of ? scelogenus roosed side of trail below Nevada Falls. Weather clear and mild. made camp at noon along merced near junction Half Dome and merced lake trails. Caught two reinbown for dinner using brown bottle fly, 2 P.M. checked with cook at nearby trail maintenance camp. He pointed pond just off Half Dome trail about 1/8th mile N of merced River. I checked it out. No frods present but 4 young Thunnogchis seen in pool. One coptured. I continued around the NE sides of Liberty Cage ad Mt. Broderick. Finally came upon large marshy area
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E. L. Karlton 1954 journal (28) (Jost Lake) June 5 NE base of Mt. Burke, 6100 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Mariposa Co., Calif. Abovn on topographical map Yosemite Valley area. Meadow flooded, up to about 2 feet depth out in middle. See R. Brown for description of locality. Weather sunny and mild. Much downed timber here. Followed poor troze and deer trail back to my campsite. Two more gator snakes seen at large pond just mentioned. After supper I hiked eastward up the Little Yosemite Valley for about 2 miles. Level heavily wooded country. Taylor in transdome numbers one pond on near north side of path about 1/2 mile east of junction Sunrise Creek and Merced Lake Trails. Flood pools all along north side of Merced River but no crayfish here. These pools boggy, water brown stirred. I fished along the river for about 3/4 mile returning to camp. 4 brook trouts and 1 rainbow gotten with brown huckle and California cockson flies. Brushing along River and difficult to find suitable pools. June 6 Had coffee and talked with trail maintenance crew camped along Sunrise Creek 1/4 mile N of Merced River. None of men had recalled seeing a trout little in Yosemite area, aside from tree
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Journal (29) June 6 Gator snakes, an occasional rattler reported from this trail area by workers. These men come upon lots of herps while working the trails and they could be expected to encounter trods if they are in area. I went up Half Dome date unknown. Weather cold and sky cloudy. See Hydramante for account of weather and own trip of Dome. Returned to my camp 1 p.m. (1 mile E of) Walking down the meadow toward Nevada Falls I found one adult 20" rattler killed within about 24 hours, probably by a fisherman. I found one Ensatia juvenile while working at base of Nevada Falls for Hydramante. None of latter found. Cool afternoon with partially clear skies. Returned Hazy Lakes 6:15 p.m. June 12 Checked weather station Sentinel Meadow 4 p.m. (D.S.) Left Valley 4:45 p.m., speedmeter 30530. Headed Hwy. Chinquapin up 140 to [illegible], then Glacier Point Road to (553) Pineguy Meadow. Scattered showers Valley, heavy rain day Wawona Tunnel which continued all the way to Pineguy Meadow. Light particles of snow (few) above 6000 feet along edge of road. This all that's left after snowfall early this week. Check weather station 6:15 p.m. (D.S.) after waiting in car 1/2 hour for deluge of rain to slough up. Clearing skies day seven, especially to West. Temperature in low 50's. I gave up heading out to Monjerna since the storm let up and skies to west dry 8
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E.L. Kaldstuen 1954 Journal (30) June 12 o'clock were bright and clear. The Glacier Point road was nearly dry by this time. Herded back to Camp 19, some low clouds still present along floor of valley, made check of Sentinel Meadow for toads 9:15-10:30 A.M. Hazy moon glow, mild, mostly clear skies. One new adult & marked. June 18 Left Government Center 9:30 A.M. (D.S.) along with John Erikson. Initial speedmeter reading 30606.4. Oak Flat Road to Hwy. 120, Tuiga Road. Weather clear and warm morning. White Wolf meadows at start of Tuiga mine Road 10:35 A.M. First signs of snow lee, sparse patches under slide of lodgepole pines. Snow Flat, el., speedmeter 652.7, flat clear of snow; scattered melt pools to 4-5" depth over meadow. Green grasses to 2" height. Little root life in pools, no dyes. No signs of toads 11:15 A.M. (D.S.) when check made. TwoLoom Meadows 12:20 P.M. (D.S.) speedmeter 664. Bright sunny day. Tuiga Bass Ranger Station 1:10 P.M. (671.8) stiff westerly breeze but clear skies. Temperature in middle 60's. Erikson and I climbed westward over ridge to Caylen Lakes. Middle Caylen Lake 9/10th covered with ice to 1-2" thick. Other lower lakes free of ice. Patchy snow. Adult & and juvenile toads taken on path above Tuiga Station. One medium-sized male collected along creek leading to Granite Lake. Returned to Tuiga Station 6:15 P.M. I worked Tuiga Bass meadow from 9:15-10:45 P.M. Day clear, temperatures ranged
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E.L. Karsten 1954 Journal (31) June 18 meadows E of Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft., Yosemite National Park, Tuolumne Co., Calif. between 2-5 o C. Returned Tuolumne meadows about 11 p.m. 2/3 nd full moon in clear sky brightened up the cold evening. June 19 Tuolumne meadows, Y.M.P. air temp. 5:30 A.M. (D.S.) 1.5 o C 6" above dry ground. Sun not risen yet. Sky clear. I recorded calls of various birds 5:45 - 7:00 P.M., mostly in area 200-300 yards W of Merced River and our camp at A10. See special "Recording notes," morning warm and sunny. Temp. 13.5 o C. (drift slided) by 8:45 A.M. At 9 I left for Tioga Pass. Warm and windy at Pass. Air temp. 14.4 o C 1" above wet marshy area (drift slided) 9:58 A.M. (D.S.). Adult B. cornuz, eggs ad toads taken. Snow particles over much of meadow ad lower hilly areas. Worked area until 1:25 P.M. Left Tioga Pass on Hwy 120, got at Tuolumne meadows. Returned to Valley 4:45 P.M. (D.S.)
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E.L. Kastum 1954 Journal (32) July 10 Left Yosemite Valley 10:45 A.M. with family. Gas at Lodge Service Station 13.0 gallons, mileage reading 31582. Weather clear and sunny, in high 70's, no breeze. $6.52 with oil change. Took ) Hwy 120 to Crane Flat, then Tioga Road. First stage 31612 at start of 21-mile Tioga Mtn Road. Weather clear and bright. Hybla trees abundant and Rosa adults (4) taken. Large 1 1/4" Rosa tree seen in road. Second stage 1:15 P.M. Snow Flat, NE side of road. Hybla tree ad both pink adults & tords. Crosses green, overgrowing 4" high. Road open meadow with small stream meandering thru it. 2 P.M. I checked small lakes near Evruti Dome, 1 1/2 miles N-NW of Twolumne Meadows. Mountain quiter smoke taken along with R. braylei. Large deer at garbage pits. Set up camp at Twolumne meadows 2:30, then ealso sawing deck 8:30 P.M. cleared of Tioga area. 3 P.M. Clear and very windy. July 11 left camp at Twolumne Meadows for Tioga Pass. mileage there 31681. The weather mild and clear but typical high velocity southeley winds blowing over the pass. left Tioga 11:00 A.M. for Lee Vining. Now U.S. 395 to Hwy 108 W over Sierra Pass. Continued warm, clear day. Bogged drying out of creeks and meadow yards at Sierra Pass area. No canars seen. Gas at Laverna (mileage 31821) 10 gallons, but took with 2+ gallons left. Weather clear and very hot in high 90's. Big Oak Flat Road to Yosemite. 7 P.M.
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Journal Yosemite Valley Aug. 2 left Conge 19 at 8:30 A.M. (D.S.), speedometer reading 32132. Weather clear and fair but some smoke over Valley from forest fires. Gas at Crane Flat (1418). Arrived Tioga Pass Ranger Station 10:50 A.M. High country dry in spite of rains of about a week ago. Temperature in low 70's, windy, sky with scattered light strato-cirrus clouds. Collected mostly several Bufo cerro but some adults. Tree-frogs and yellow-legged frogs also taken in the meadow. Sky remained partially clouded until time I left at 3:50 P.M. (D.S.) Drove straight thru to Valley except for one brief stop 5:15 P.M. at Swamps Lake, 8400 ft., on Hwy 120, 9 miles NE Crn Flat, Two-Lunne Cr., Calif. 3 mountain garter snakes taken. No toads but numerous Rana along lake edges. Returned Conge 19, Yosemite Valley 6:20 P.M. Aug 30 Short day-long trip from Yosemite Valley to Tioga Pass, 9920 ft., Two-Lunne-Rio Cr., Calif. Arrived 10:05 A.M. (D.S.) at Pass. Usual high wind, sky partially cloudy light cumulus type formations. Sun out most of the late morning and afternoon, no half intensity when looked clouds. See species account for air temperatures. Returned to Valley 5:30 P.M. Adult cerro plus some juveniles collected. Rana boylei also taken.
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ELKadatum 1954 Journal Oct. 16 Left Berkeley 6:30 A.M. (mileage [illegible] 33252) accompanied by Dick Russell, merced 9:10 A.M. (379.1) for gas and breakfast. Full tank (11.5-gal.) $ 3.55. Valley overcast light clouds, mild terrestrial, in 70's by 9 A.M. Arrived lower end of Yosemite Valley 11:30 A.M. (Dick suggested cutoff around Mariposa via Hwy. 49. This road paralleled creek, now dry, and looked like good upper Sierra oak woodland loop country.) We headed up Tioga Road for the pass. Dry sunshine most of way. some smoke in area from "range improvement" controlled burning in the foothills. Yosemite Creek [illegible]. Rain only. was dry but small flow in Porcupine Creek. The quaking aspen gloriously yellow-gold now. Tuolumne and other alpine meadows or snow flat all browned out. Arrived Tioga Pass 2:10 P.M. Winds here to 30 m.p.h. gust, Air temperatures in 50's. Mostly sunny but some light stratus clouds above. No frogs collected or seen. Some Hylo, but Bna were taken from pools. Water in pools and rivulets increased over Aug. 30 visit. Returned to Yosemite Valley 6:15 P.M. California frogs and Hylo collected 9 P.M. in front of Ranger's Club. Oak leaf litter here. One adult & frogs at Xtream Meadow after 11 at night. Evening dark and cool with some mist over the meadows. Oct. 17 Return Berkeley via 140, 99, 133, 58. Stige along shore 1 mile above Brucelyng on N-facing slope. Bna seen.
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EL Kaldstuen 1954 Journal Nov. 13 Left MUZ in Alden Miller station wagon for day-long ornithological expedition with Dr. Miller, Bob Belander, Goodge, George Lawrence and Dick Russell. San Rafael- Richmond ferry crossing. Weather calm and mild with slight westerly breeze on Bay. Western and California gulls observed at dock and during crossing. Also lesser scaup, double - crested and Brandt's Cormorants. Stopped to view shore birds at ducks San Rafael marsh. Other birds seen pastured land opposite side of road included snowy owls, Jay's goshawk, crows. Ducks mostly for off shore, this being last Saturday of a split duck season. Scaup most evident but some galvez county seal shore birds included: western sand-piper (flocks of hundreds) red - backed " (fewer) least sandpiper (very few) sandwicher marbled godwit, western meadowlark avocet Hudsonian curlew Killdeer, black-bellied plovers. coast American egret, short billed gulls. Continued along county roads NE from San Rafael through San Geronimo to San Taylor State Park area. Stop here in Bishop pine forest where Bob Harris had studied withatchals. Still den
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El Karstun 1954 Journal Nov. 13 mild weather w/ no breezes, D.O.R., golden- crowned sparrow and a varied thrush between San Benito and Cone Taylor. Species encountered mostly by Miller's identification of voice) flycatch (land) Fox sparrow golden- Coppery Golden-crowned kinglet Brown creeper Hutton's vireo Steller's jay Robin, hairy woodpecker, pygmy war-winter-tita brush-tita From Alena we drove up W side of Tomales Bay to woods end near McClure's Park, then diked down draw (stream running) to McClure's Beach. On ridge overlooking Tomales Bay we observed many hawks, a blue heron, and deer on the grassy hillsides. wood loukes American rough-legged hawk & red-tailed Great Blue Heron At o'clock tide low, slow rollers but no breeze, mild 3-5 afternoon. Red phalaropes (winter plumage) Heermann's gull, glaucous-winged, western and Barroleta gulls. Forster tern, short-billed gulls Brown pelicans, surf scoters, guillemots, western gulls way offshore. Oystercatcher (pair) on rocks off shore working in muskels. Return Berkeley 7 p.m. same route taken.
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Ernest L. Karlstrom 1954 Species Accounts Amphibians Bufo boreas Bufo canorus Bufo boreas X canorus miscellaneous Reptiles Mammals
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Amphibians Bufo loreas
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Buffo Voresz (1) April 8 El Capitan Meadow, 3950 ft., Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California. 10:40 A.M. Chuckie and I investigated a meadow pool lying on the near south side of the road which leads up the valley at the base of El Capitan. The pool is about 85 yards long and 28 wide. Its maximum depth about N Map of area (not to scale) Willows Oaks Pines 1" = dirt grasses Grassy meadow (dry) 100 x feet El Capitan Bridge 0.4 miles by road ↓ 18-24 inches. Water clear with sandy-silty bottom. Sparse growth of green grasses along edges. The meadow itself is brown with first bite of annual grass growth up to 6 inches in height. Meadow is relatively open at this locality with scattered pines to 60-70 feet tall. Maple and some oak trees at margins of pool and over meadow. No new foliage on any deciduous tree. New buds are just appearing on oaks. Margin of meadow is Merced River to the south
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E.L. Kadelius 1954 Buffo lorea (2) April 8 and heavy stands of pine (ponderosa) to the east. This pool may be a breeding site for Buffo? No snow patches this area and no standing water low areas. The snow is completely thawed out, and the fresh dirt mounds thrown up by pocket gophers indicate the softness of the soil. At 11:45 A.M. water temps were: surface 16° C., 6 inches below the surface 14°. The sun is intermittently bright and then hazy. Air temp. (shield bulbs) a few inches above the ground 22° C. Clusters of Hydra eggs taken along with some small Hydra toads (see Hydra species account). Many insect larvae here but little algal growth. Stoneman meadows, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. R. Stebbins had reported seeing both Buffo and Hydra in this meadow during previous years. We checked this locality at 1:45 P.M. The road runs NE here from Stoneman Bridge. The meadow is approximately ¼ mile long between the bridge and Camp 14 to the E, Camp Curry to the S. Even after the winter snows the meadow shows a maze of criss-cross footpaths. A rivulet of running water passes SW along the N side of the road (see map). At least 3 pools of standing water are present, B being the largest. Water temp. pool B was 14° C. It was 8° flowing rivulet near pool B.
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(2) [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] to [illegible] for [illegible] all [illegible] sales 2. 2021 [illegible]. even report [illegible] [illegible] or not. ok. 2021 [illegible] was just a (blah blah). just no. just not offered for sale. 2023 having the same no.) but still there was then good next and work train gear (american image only [illegible] logo added to original, yellow sticker, $5000, custom nameplate. $20. 20 [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] for sale. 2024 [illegible] [illegible] for about $1,500 [illegible] [illegible] and other stuff. I sold them to a buyer that still has the good 20 and they are looking for parts. 2021.
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E.L. Kardellin 1954 April 8 Buffer Grove (3) Pine Forest Camp 14 Pine oak Stone- mun Bridge Merced River Road Footpath snow Stonemen meadow locality to rough scale Hydra egg clusters and small tods found in pools but none in faster moving colder rivulets. no sign of toad eggs or adults this afternoon. Same locality 9:30 P.M. I checked ponds B and C first. Hydra chooses lowd. At pond A I found two adult >> Bufa within a yard of each other, Clearol temp. 8°, Water temp. 9° C. and air 2.5° C. Six miles below the surface the soil temperature was 80 C. the water temp. in pond B earlier had been 10° C. I could not determine whether the male toads were calling since many Hydra in the pond were crooking. When picked up the toads gave a shut breathing note. At 9:45 P.M. I found a single adult male about 8 feet NE of the pond. It was moving slowly over the grass toward the pool of water. Clearol temp. registered 5° C. Later two more adults were seen in another part of the pool, these in 2-3
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E.L. Karlelin 1954 Bufo boreas (4) April 9 Stoneman Meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park Calij. 11:30 A.M. Norm Werkenheim and I set out the maximum-minimum recording thermometer at Pond A (see map) where I collected 5 adult males last night. This pond crescent-shaped 19 yards long with a maxi- mum width of 12 feet. It is a depression in the meadow itself with the grassy hilllocks on its sides 3-4 feet above the level of the pond. This is probably a snow pool possibly fed by endwater springs. No moving rivulets enter or leave it. Maximum water depth 4 inches. Mounds of grasses break up the surface of the pool, rising up to 15" above the water surface. The slope of the edge is steeper on the west side where I found the adult male stood approach- ing the pool the slope is about 3 1/2 feet in 4 1/2 feet. The slope is more gradual at other points. Brown dead grasses lying flat or in clumps dominate the meadow but new green grasses (2-3" high) are coming up. The pool has still green blades here and there of what may be annual grasses. (=sedge) the thermometer is located 3 feet from water's edge 6" above present surface of water. It faces N. and is enclosed 3 sides by a cut down apple box.
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E. L. Kardellum 1954 Bufo boreas (5) April 9 at 12:20 p.m. water temp. below surface was 26° C. Air temp. 19°. 6-7 inches below soil surface in soft moist loam 8° C. I took 2 pictures of Pond A facing NW (#324 on blue-x roll). April 13 Color notes taken morning April 13, 1954 at MVZ. Adult toads have been kept individually in jars with small amount of water at the bottom - these kept dark cold room 42-45° F. since last Friday night. I can see no appreciable change or loss of color or pattern. ELK 158 adult σσ, body length 82 mm. Skin ground color is Piping Rock Gray Stone (Pl. 13, A-2 Maery + Paul). The most striking feature is the almost complete absence of a vertebral stripe. Between the forelegs a lighter gray line (< 1 mm. width) is present not more than 18 mm. long. There is no stripe in the middle of the X2/3 back but it appears again in the sacral region extending < 16 mm. here and not more than 0.5 mm. wide. The rounded warts on the sides of the body (avg. 2 mm. width) are Vucaton (Pl. 12, L-9 M & P). Dorsally the warts tend to be darker, more of a Russet (Pl. 14, I-12) to Cinnabar Br. (Pl. 14 I-10) linked black blotches around the warts and the center of the warts may
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E. Karleton 1954 Bufo larvae (6) April 13 flecked with black. Parotoids on common B. (82, 14, I-10) left footpad shown here. x2/3 I injected this specimen with M.S. 222 solution, 0.5 cc. of 10 mg./cc. strength, at 9:23. Five minutes later his respiratory rate was 1/3 normal, no righting reflex. I left it for an hour to attend ecology lecture. Animal revived and had to be hunted in lab. ELK 154 adult ->-> body length mm. 11:20 A.M. I injected 1 cc. M.S. 222 (10 mgm./cc. soln.) no righting reflex within 2 minutes although leg reflex strong. Animal relabeled for study. Suggest 1/2 to 1 cc. of the anesthetic last for killing specimen fast. Dorsal ground color close to Travenise (Pl. 14 F-3 M&P) otherwise colors similar to ELK 158 just described. Underparts are an off-shade white (possibly Pl. 18 B1, M.P.) with a rusty suffusion ventral abdominal egion. Throat lacks black spots for the most part. Some for under- parts of fore limbs. The mytilid cerification well developed and dark brown in color. Rt. testis 5.3 mm. long 3.2 mm. wide. General appearance is golden-yellow and along, the left
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E.L. Kardatum 1954 Bufo boreas (7) April 13 testis is larger, 7.2 mm. x 4.1 mm. I found no signs of food in the stomach which would be expected for animals retained alive for four days or those love [illegible] However, the colon contained some dark chitinous looking pieces. I preserved the colon. Under the dissecting scope the thorax and abdominal segments of some insect were clearly visible. The water at the bottom of other jars clearly contains broken pieces of insect material. These mole toads obviously have fed prior to their capture. It is difficult to predict for how many night (or how long) they have been out from underground sites. April 14 ELK # 158 shows no harmful effects of the anesthesia. I injected it again with lethal dose of m.s. 222 solution. Left testis 9.7 x 3 mm., RT. testis 12.8 x 3.2 mm. Both- ELK # 159 - Body length 81 mm. 0?0? shows the grayer brown ground color of 159. He undertone are darker gray-white with smaller but more numerous black blotches blotches than 159. The dorsal vertebral stripe is clearly distinct and carnick in color. It has a maximum width of 1.5 mm., LT 7.3 mm. x 3.1 mm. RT 11.0 x 3.0 mm. ELK 161. Body length 90.5 mm. This large 0?0? shows a olive drab green ground color (Pl. 21, E1, M & P) Gray Drob. The distinct vertebral stripe
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E.L. Karstena Buffy breeds (8) April 14 is nearly the same shade but lighter. Maximum width of stygia is 3.5 mm. in region between parotoids. Dorsal black blotches are large (largest 1 cm. across) and distinct. RT 11.1 x 3.6 mm., LT 7.8 x 5.2 mm. The foot hooks are fairly well developed this from specimen or two-three in the others of this series. ELIC 162 similar coloration 159-160. Vertebral striage is thin, cream-white and distinct throughout its length. Body length 91 mm., LT 12 x 4.1 mm., RT 11.8 x 5 mm. April 15 Analyzed pond water samples for pH. Used phenolphtalein papers two ranges, one 5.2-6.6 and other 6.0-8.0. These were tested against standards using Thymol Blue method. Degree of error probably +-.0.2 of one pH unit or less. Stevenson Meadow, pond A pH 6.8 Between Sentinel Bridge and Camp 6, SE side of road. Biggest-looking pond 6.6-6.8 Same locality but pond where Iyden breeding 6.4 It would appear that the froggy pool which had no Iyden breeding in it does not have any possible adverse pH range. O2 capacity may then be a limiting factor (?) April 14 I had weighed out a soil sample taken from Stevenson Meadow, 2 inches below the soil surface 8 feet WNW of pond A. Sample collected April 9 and kept sealed in jar. A sandy black loam
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E.L. Kardatum 1954 Bufo boreas (9) April 14 charged with flecks of mica or pyrite. Wt. wet soil & dish 138.92 Wt. dry soil & dish 105.65 Wt. dish 43.55 Wt. dish 43.55 Wt. wet soil 95.37 gm / Wt. dry soil 62.10 95.37 - 62.10 33.27 gm. wt of water content. 33.27 = 34.9 % water estimation by weight. 95.37 Above sample was dried until April 17th in open flat dish at room temp. or slightly above (in window sill in sun). From Joe Cornie's notebook: April 15 Pool A, streamside, 402 N.P., Marjorie Co., Calif. 8:10 P.M. Reading on max.-min. now 510 F. On (royal recording thermometer 11.9). Recorded max.-min. readings 84-31. Reset. Loud dense Hylo regilla chorus, but I think I hear one Bufo about 4-5 meters NW. 8:30 P.M. Walked around pool, Temp. 11.7, 11.8, 11.6, 11.5, 11.4, 11.7. Found 14-17 mature ♀, 2-3 ♂(?) toads. Two ♀ were chasing two other ♀'s. In a small pool about 5-6 meters x .4-.6 meters I found four mature ♀'s, 1 immature ♀, and 1 (?) immature ♂ chasing a mature ♂. Water temp around them 16.4 °C although 13.8-16.7°C other parts of the pool. Temp of ♂ 17.0°, of ♂ 16.6 or 16.7°C.
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L. Karsten 1954 Buffer Breeze April 13 Stoneman Meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Check of weather station made by Norm Heiken- lein and Joe Gannon: Air max-min. April 13, 10:00 P.M. 84-23° F. One adult ??> seen. No eggs yet. Many Hyla. April 15 (Joe Gannon) 8:10 P.M. present air max-min. 51° F (check with quick-recording thermometer 11.9°C.) max-min. 84-31.5° F. Dense Hyla, no ?'s seen (see Joe's notes) April 15 April 17 3:15 P.M. Present air reading 81.5° F. (check RR thermometer 26.6) max-min. 86-35° F.
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E.L. Kallstrom 1954 Buffo eggs (10) April 15 In another even smaller pool (.6 x .8 m. x 3.5 or 4 m.) 4 mature ov, 1 immature ov, no ? Guess not certain whether some of the immature are ov or ? but if ? then not gravid. A third pond, still growing eastward (5x1.2 m.), had 5 males. 2 mature were cloaking, 3 immature. Some of the toads are on the banks about .2-.3 meters from water. Most are in the water about some distance from the edge, Tm=20. lost pool 11.6 - 11.9 C. 9:05-9:20 P.M. A quick check thru half the area near Sentinel Bridge. We same picture, ov toads and hydras. No ?, no eggs Buffo. Tm= lower 10.8 - 12.4 water; 10.4 - 10.8 air. April 17 3:20 P.M. Stroman mdw. Locality again. Pond A. Buffo eggs in N end. Water nows 24.5. Air tng. therm at max-min site 26.6. The water at the box covers the base of it but not the thermometer. Water tng. at box 27.2 C. (note that water level has risen few inches since I had placed the box 3 feet from water's edge and 6
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E.L. Kardatum 1954 Bufo boreas (11) April 17 Eggs in long double strands over a space about .5 x .7 meters, both jelly masses and black herde on the same string. Sample taken. In farthest SW pond (3rd of E-W series beginning just south of pond A) 3 Bufo ampheliny, 20+ large F laying eggs. Water 24.1°. Thylen egg masses in water. In first of 5 ponds one very recently torn open Bufo. In second, another, but just skin left. Otter skins in 3rd pond. Joe suggests predation - possibly owls. Skins were fresh. Raccoon? April 19 I looked at egg string Joe had collected. No evidence of cleavage and fully 3/3 rds of eggs showed signs of decomposition. These probably not fertilized. Better sample needed for drawing and study.
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E.L. Karlstom 1954 Bufo boreas (12) April 24 Altamenas Meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. 4:40 P.M. Pond A and other adjacent ponds searched for eggs and toads. No eggs present but some of the ponds have large numbers of toads - both Bufo and Boreas. Samples taken including both with approximate ratio if singly will not at random. Water temp. Pond A 21.50 C. with bulbs slotted. A long trough 11 yards SE of Pond A loaded with frogs. This pool measures 14 x 2 yards and parallels the pathway bisecting this side of the meadow. Air temp. 13° C. De max-min thermometer is submerged 3 inches in water. This means approximately a .5-.6 inch rise in level of Pond A. Max-min readings at 4:55 P.M. 32-84. The thermometer bulbs were 5" above water surface. Water temp. Pond A 4:52 P.M. 20.4° C. Sky clouded over again & found no eegs in Pond A or adjacent ponds. Soil temps. 5:05 P.M. Surface about 15° C. 6" depth 13.0° Air temp. 5:15 P.M. 12" " 11.0° 12.3° C. 18" " 10.5° 24" " 9.0 C. Meadow area S of Court Center, Yosemite Valley Mariposa Co., Calif. 7:45 P.M. Stedman and I checked this area thoroughly for signs of toads. An earlier check (6:30-7:00 P.M.) showed that extensive and varied breeding pools available.
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L. Karlstrom 1954 Bufo boreas (13) April 21 Stoneman mdr., 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Monjina Cr., Calif. meadow 150 yards N Camp Curry. (notes from Stebbins) Quiet pools in low oers in meadow, water 210 C., 4:35 P.M. Numerous tyla and Bufo tuda. Bufo tuda in pond A further advanced than thse in pool 40-50 ft. to S. Water of two pools not connected . air 1" above dry grass (sky overcast) 14.4° C. at 4:40 P.M. Black humus filled loan (when pushed up dry goober?), water saturated, squeezed easily from soil. Soil as saturated as that of Peregoy today. Trap. soil just under surface 17.4° C. Grass of mdr. 2-5" high, sparse, much matted dead grass slowing, scattered dead thistle stalks. Many (10-12) robins seen about pools, possibly gathering mud and other nesting materials (or feeding?) Brewer's blackbirds about, one seen bathing. Pool where smaller tods found (sample preserved) 9" deep (max. depth). 5 ft new grass deadgrass matt browish water Many tods attached to dead grass blades + piece of paper in water.
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{ "text": "(01) pencil\n\n\n[illegible]\n\nA boy in short pants, short shirt, his legs at the end of long pants with barbed wire.\n\"I no. Letters for dog out to RV 2\nto 3 PM (someone else) soup and milk\nwater and baby's cereal into my own\n\n[illegible]\n\na few hundred years,\n\n[illegible]\n\nthe whole thing was put in a cage?\n\nsome, kind of \"I'm not for word\" 3:20\njust left the ground and fell down\n\n\n[two line indistinct] (11-9) from whole street\ngot into his own family's kitchen, door\n\n[illegible]\n\npainted near our\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]
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E.L. Kardeth 1954 Bufro boreaz (14) April 24 Strenum Mdw., N. Camp Cury, Yez. Valley, mariesa Co., Calif. max. reading 84.0 F. min. " 31.5° } 5" above surface of water pond A. Pond level had risen so that part of thermometer under water. (see p.12 of B. boreaz species account). Water 20.4 ° C. at 4:52 P.M. This pool had hyler stade half way to metamorphsis (?) but other smaller and Bufro tad (sample preserved) longer than preceding pool. Pool now 10" at greatest depth. Hyler claws bend in distinct. Hyler over head from mole (?) Immorse around pools. 6 yards 24 yds. (preces RCS) Pond A. Preceding pool was about 21 prees long x 1½-2 prees wide. Pool shapes: Advanced hyler egg masses (4-5) seen in one pool. a long string of oddled food eggs in one pool. String with algae growth. Water in ditch 4-6 ft. wide 8-10" deep, moving 10.6 ° C. at 5:15 P.M. Sky overcast. Site ditch that
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E.L. Kalstine 1954 Bulfer boreas (1,5) April 24 Stoneman mdw., 4000 ft. Yosemite Valley. parallels road immediately N of pond A; site N of road 50 ft from it. No tods or eggs. Orchid at NE edge of meadow, apple trees in full bloom, with new leaves. Black oak reddish brown leaves and catkins - just coming out (some) black coltmwood yellow green leaves, just out. April 25 Out last night to check Stoneman mdw., meadow 1/2 mi. S of Grt. Center and one SW of Old Village. Many Hyloa chrusing but no tods. Stebbins and I worked 7:30 - 9:30 p.m with headlamps. # No tods except tods at Stoneman previously noted. Stebbins took photos of pond at Grt. Center locality looking W toward Bridalveil area. Also photo looking toward Half Dome. Air 12°C, water 14.5°C. 8:30 P.M. Took sample of pond life from edge of pond 175 ft WSW of study pond. This pond in full sun all day. Made two long sweeps of 6" wide net in shallow NNE side of pond. Net surged thru dead grass at pond's edge. 10:30 A.M. (D.S.) Water temp. 15.0°C. (1/4" under surface, 1 1/2 feet from pond edge) Air temp. 1" above dry dead grsse surface, 6 ft. from edge of pond 21°C. gusty light breeze (bulls shded). Area fully illuminated. Temp. just under saturated soil surface 12 feet from above pond 26.3°C.
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E. Kaldenham 1954 Bufo boreas (II) April 25 Meadow 1/3 mi. S Court Center, Yos Valley, Maryana Co., Calif. Stibbins added to previous pool sample today from pool immediately west of pathway cutting SSE across meadow. From W pool also preserved in some jar algae (floating - pale yellow green) and deeper grayish brown with green cast forming "clouds" on bottom of pool) and floating moss (?). Red little dev. algae to this date. Pool E of pathway probably less than 1/100 of pond surface (floating dead grass excluded). Including grass probably 1/4 - 1/2 surface covered. Western azolea Willow-like (not Salix) clumps near study site 5-8 ft. high; no leaf but flower buds about to open. Red-winged blackbirds these thickets or water carried Piles of dead pine needles pretty brown into clumps but probably also brought there dry woodchats (?) from hummocks at loss of bushes. Willow-like clumps on higher ground. This and rodent tunnels could attract toads. Numerous sowbugs and some spiders under fire wood blocks at base of one of the willow- like clumps. Blocks pretty covered by dead grass & leaves. Leaf litter wet underneath. Looks good for toads. Wild blackberry mingled with the willow-like clumps. Bedges in yards to 1 ft. above water surface, average 6". Meadow grass
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E. Kalstun 1954 Bufo boreas (17) April 25 1/2 mi. S. Govt. Center averages 4" high (2-8") scattered dead stalks of thistle present, new plants form rosettes 6-8 " across, 3-4" high, no stalks. Wild rose freshly leafed out on S side meadow near study site. Many earthworms in soil of meadow. Relative humidity readings: WB 51° F. } at edge of pond pretty over DB 58° F } water surface 11:55 A.M. 10" above ground (D.S.) overcast. WB 51° F }28 feet S of study site DB 58° F } under pine, grass surface dry, overcast dry., breeze 11:50 a.m. (D.S.) 12:00 m (DST) 15.1° C. water of study pool (shaded yellow pine) 1/4" under surface where water 10" deep. 17.4° C. water of pond sample pool 175 ft. WSW of study pool (continuously in sun)
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E. K. Karlton 1954 Bufo boreas (18) April 25 1/2 mi. S Gort. Center 4000ft. Yosemite Valley, Yoz. Natl. Park Mariposa Co., Calif. Stebbins and I worked 9:30 A.M. (Daylight Savings) until 1:00 P.M. setting up the weather station. Photos taken of the station. Water depth where the float stuck out 19". Present length of stake above the water now 6 1/2". The galvanized tube containing 2 thermographs (air and water [soil]) set on the grass surface with water 1 inch up around its base. The lead tubing for the water recordings extends 8 feet N from the tube. The open spout from the tube is 4 inches above standing water. Soil temp at (X) about 1:00 P.M. (D.S.) 6" - 12°C. (53°F.) 12 - 11°C. (52°F.) Water willed upz 18 - 10°C oz at Perogoy Meter. 24 - 10°C Weather station containing max-min set 18' SE of tube. One max-min placed in soil a foot NW of weather box.
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E.L. Karleton 1954 Butor boreas (14) May 1 1/2 mi. S Bart. Center, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Few tailed frogs in study pond, no egg clusters seen. I collected a sample of Hyloa tora. Estimate fewer than one per square yard over the entire pool. More on shallowen SE and SW side where blue-green algal development further along. In general algal development not well along, about same as April 24 at 11:05 A.M. (D.S.T.) 1/3 of study pond dried including temperature equipment. Water temp. 1" below surface 11:10 A.M. 8.1° C. (cloudy area of pool) Some sunny part 13.8° C. Stevenson meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Toads collected 11:50 A.M. (D.S.T.) at same pond Stevinsics took them last week. Water 1" below surface 18.2° C. Air (bulls shelled) 13.6° C. No Bufo or Hyloa eggs present. Additional pools formed by recent rains. Sample of Bufo & Hyloa toads from Pond A and adjacent newer pond to W of Pond A. Water temp. 1" below surface near Pond A 17.8° C., Air 12.6 (bulls shelled). Depth of pool here 3-4". Robin today seen at or at meadow pools feeding or gathering nest materials (?) The meadow grasses here in similar condition as those at Government Center, some green blades over a foot in height. Additional small seepage (seep?) pools present this meadow. Actual water rise in pool A since April 24 not more than an inch or so.
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L. Karlstrom 1954 Buffo boreus (20) may 1 1/2 mi. S Gt. Center, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Merced Co., Caly. 9:45 A.M. Some frost on the grass surface in shade even at this hour. Overall appearance of the meadow is predominantly green with new grass (lots of sedge) 6-15" tall (av. 8-9") A close look at any one meadow area (about 10 ft. square) shows that the surface area is still 60% covered with dead matted grasses. Fruiting bodies on the sedges are out and shedding. Valley deciduous tree growth shows a good spurt of new yellow-green foliage on oaks. Black cottonwoods appear fully newly-leafed out. Blackberry bushes to 10' height, new buds 1/2" long willow-like bushes in study site area but no new leaves as yet. Dried reeds (5) and covering of congoles present terminal twigs of these bushes. Soil temp at 10:15 A.M. (D.S.T.) surface 8.0 C. 6" - 7.5 C. 12" - 8.5 C. 18 - 8.9 C, 24" - 8.2 C. Few Wyga calling pools SE of site. Many red-winged blackbirds active in area, also corn woodpecker in oaks to E. Psychometer reading 11:00 A.M. (D.S.T.) Initial 54 - after WB - 46' DB - 54
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E.L. Karatau 1954 Buttor boreas (21) April 30 Elevation mdwr, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mergera Co, Calif. Night check for toads 8:50 P.M. (D.S.T.) Air 1" above dead grass 6.1° C, water in pond A 11° C. No signs of adults or recently laid eggs. Toads present but not abundant. Hydra out and rancous, one pair captured in amplexus. May 1 ½ mi. S Court. Center, Yosemite Valley. Some locality. Equipment at study site in good shape. Top of the stake on which the float rides in the pond 5¼" inches above water surface, indicating a pond rise of ~1½ inches. This put the lower edge of the tube spout about 2½" above surface water. Standing water now approximately 21 inches deep (wet), although not more than 1" deep where my footprints have sunk into the soil. Air max-min. (bulb 10" above ground) at 9:39 A.M. (D.S.T.) 28-74° F. Painted wooden housing, re-set thermometer and replaced. The tiny equipment is now mostly shaded by yellow pine to the E of the weather box. Estimate 80-90% shade since some sunlight filtering through pine foliage. Present air temp. 46°F. max-min. Soil max-min. not available since I found this thermometers broken. It was laid face downward and soil above carefully replaced April 24. Some metal housing will be necessary. Loves broken housing. The air and pond thermographs operating well. Wait and replace chart this afternoon before leaving valley.
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E. L. Karlstrom 1954 Bufo boreas (22) Stoneman mdrw, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Resume of growth of toads this meadow. Joe Borman reported completing toads the evening of April 15. I had seen adults but the evening of April 8 but no FF's. By April 8 - early emergence of O->O " " 15 - breeding pairs and eggs laid. String of eggs Borman brought back to MVZ April 17th apparently unfertilized since no developes noted. April 24th Toads collected Pond A and narrow ditch-like pond "B" SE of A. Mean overall length 10 toads Pond A 8.9 mm. " body " " " " " 3.9 " " overall " " " " B 9.2 " " body " " " " " 3.9 " May 1, 1954 for above measurements Pond A 11.2 " A 5.02 " B 11.0 " B 5.1 may 7 (From R. Stebbins field notes) Water 18.7, air 1" above ground, 2" from edge of pond over least covered dead grass 11.0 C. j 10:10 P.M. (D.S.T.) Many Idyla calling but no toad eye shines. Walked over meadow S of road thoroughly. Some of pools had form or togs, not noted several
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E.L. Kadetun 1954 Buffo boreos (22) may 7 Stoneman meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co. Colig. (from RCS field notes) weeks ago. Also water tray in pool where smallest Buffo toads found 2 weeks ago. may 8 Water 17.7° C.; air ½" above ground in damp place next to pool 8.7° C. 9:40 p.m. Oil on water. Tadpoles dead. Downy owl calling from tree at E edge of meadow. may 9 Few toads (Hygin and Buffo still alive in above pond. One Buffo about ½" total length seen. Black oak fully leafed out. According to RCS Stoneman meadow only tad now seen tadpoled. He asked Hubbard to try to save Court. Center had from same fate. Uncertain as to how extensive practice is or how long it has been carried out in Valley. Seek specific information next trip to Valley. U.C. parasitologist indicated to determine that topic was added to oil in mosquito control. may 13 Conversation with William L. Bill at Administration Bldg., Yosemite Valley, concerning mosquito control. Such a program has been carried out 4-5 years after mosquito problem became "almost unbearable". Areas affected are Tuolumne Meadows and Valley, less oily here lower sections of Valley but almost all standing water treated. Bill mentioned
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L. Karlstom -1954 Bufro boreae (23) \t1/2 mi. S Court. Centa, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, mojorosa C., Calif., R. Stelbins took data. may 8 week ending may 8, 1954 10" cloud (Reset with magnet)\checkmark 2 Thermographs in tubs. Replace charts: \checkmark Thermo. 73.0\degree F} soil type) thermograph - red chart. mers. merc. 24.0\degree C 23(?) air (air type) " - green " {25.0\degree C check thermal element with quick-recording thermometer and adjust if necessary. wind lock mechanism \checkmark add ink with dropper provided. \checkmark near weather station soil temperatures using raw soil auger ( 3 surface (1") - Time: Soil just under surface Black not and in sun 19.5\degree C Sat. Soil. 2:05 pm. Schulttheis) 8 ft 5 3 post 6" depth - 13.2\degree C 2:07 pm. 12 " " - 13.0\degree C 2:04 pm. 18" " - 12.5\degree C 2:00 pm 24" " - 11.8\degree C - 1:50 pm (DST). there is no max-min buried in soil at this station. Suggest propping up lid on tub slightly for greater air circulation around air thermograph. 4 Pond depth by measuring length of metal stake pipe above the water. 4 3/4 above water. 5 Relative humidity reading. DB-76.5\degree F Time: 2:00 pm, (DST) WB - 64.0 \degree F (wind) -> air 1" above ground in shade near max-min..25.7\degree C 2:08 pm. 23.6\degree C (schulttheis) - water / shallow - 2" deep (bulb shade) but area in sun. (near tub.) 2:07pm.
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L. Karstun Buffy Lorenz (24) May 13 possibility that meadow near Bridalveil Falls may not have been oiled. He suggested that I contact the Smitheini Engineer (out of town for few days now) for more specific information. Snow to be plowed Monday on road to Gin Flat and Tenavick Flat. He promises that hayes will be available for chain gates this area. Stremman Meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Marjora Cr., Calif. The pools here have obviously been oiled. The odor rising from them is like creosote or camphor. The grases along and in the pools are stained brown. In some parts the surface of the water (especially to the leeward of prevailing breezes in larger pools) is covered with a light brown scum. Pond A is such a pool. Apparently the NW breeze has forced most of the oil to the SE end. Living toads are not found within a radius of 5 ft of this 6x4' patch of oil seum. The Dylar and Buffy toad population appears to be reduced at least by 1/2 at Pond A. I made about 6 sweeps with a dip net in different parts of the pond, sweeping along the bottom in water ranging from 2 to 8
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L. Karsten 1954 Bufo boreas (25) May 13 stream meadow, 4000ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. 1-2" deep with dark brown sandy mud bottom had about 30 Bufo toads in it. No Hydra here. Water now appears clear of oil although grasses surrounding the small pool are oil-covered and dying or dead. Grasses out in deeper water have oil on them but are green and apparently surviving. Bufo toads collected far from spot described. Water temp 1" below surface 6" from pond edge; 12:58 P.M. (D.S.T.) 27° C. Air temp 1" above ground, bulb shaded, 27.5° C. Pond temp out in middle, depth 8", bulb 1" below surface 25.2° C. 1:04 P.M. (D.S.T.) There seems to be a definite Bufo preference for shallower water. They also tend to congregate on surfaces of light submerged objects or pieces of cardboard. These may be responses to O₂ tension or temp. (?) This noted before ponds were oiled, too. Small toads grazing on grass stems and bottom detritus. Algal development in Pond A is extremely weak. One Hydra adult on graze surface half immersed in water at 1:15 P.M. (D.S.T.) In full sun. This animal may have been under graze at edge of pond and moved out as I disturbed it. I saw 3 larger (1" long) Hydra toads eating one smaller dead Hydra. In this deep poor pool the dead toad may be important source of food, I did not recover in my sweeps large numbers of dead toads, and I saw none on the
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E.L. Karlstam 1954 Budger Jones (26) May 13 Stoneman meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Cr., Calif. pond surface, all evidence points to the fact that the oil now in and in Pond A is not led to the trodgers. A sketch of the oil sum at the SE end of the pond shows that Hydra trods are even under- neath it at its edges although they are few in number. Water level in Pond A is down to original level (when I placed max-min out April 9, 1954), some of the smaller ponds are fast drying up. Hydra have lived in pools not more than 1 x 2 x 1-2" deep located on a clay footpath. Pool B3 (long ditch parallel to footpath) shows much higher trodger mortality. Oil forms scum over nearly all of pond surface. Few Budger and Hydra present - single taken. Water temp, 1" below surface 2' from edge 29.50 C. 1:40 P.M. (D.S.T.) air temp 18 olive grass (ladder slotted) 24.50 C. Night check some locality. Found an D.O.R. food on main road through meadow about 50 yards N by NE of Pond A. Dead at least 24 hours, probably longer. Appears to be o>, large adult. 11:50 P.M. (D.S) young ? adult found edge of footpath passing through SE meadow. Closed pool about 20 yards N of spot. length (body) 6-7 mm. This mind for bright velated stage than after 2 o>> found Bart. Center meadow earlier tonight. washed + released her (RF2-2ep loth sheet) chloral 10.20 C., air 1" above wet gross in which animal found 9.50 C.
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E.L. Karlsham 1954 Bufo lorea (27) May 13 1/3 mi. S. Cent. Center, Yosemite Valley. Night club this locality. 10:25 A.M. (D.S.) Adult o>o on crushed granite rock "road" cutting across meadow (smaller footpath E of wider former wooded paralleling this one). Animal 101 yards (my guess) from main south E-W wood int S of Cent. Center, mottled white-grey granite rock surface. Clearal 12.0°C, air 1" above roadbed 11.7°C, 14.2°C just under granitic sand some spot./Time 10:50 P.M. (D.S.) Water temp. in pool 5'x 4' x 5" deep 15 yards E of study pond 14.0°C. Air 6" above it 13.2°C, second adult toad o>o found 61 yards from main cent. Center road described above. This animal was on sandy-dirt hillside 1' high located 4' west of the crushed rock footpath. Clearal 12.1°C. Air 10.8°C. Dirt (just under) 13.8°C, where toad sitting, relatively moist soil which remained in semi-flattened stance in dirt depression. Both adults above worked & released. Neither had a prominent, complete vertebral stripe but it was present. Color cream. May 14 same locality. Indications are that this meadow has not been dried. The water level at the study pond is up (stake 4 1/4" above surface). There is 2" of water now around the base of the tube. The tube is not in danger of flooding. Phenologically the meadow picture is this. The green meadow grasses now reach up 10-24" with the average height probably 16".
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L. Karlstrom 1954 Bufo boreas (25) May 14 1/2 mi. S Carl. Center, Yosemite Valley, margina Co. Calif. of the sedges (?) go as high as 30" length but stand isolated. Tallest grasses are in low pond areas (as in middle of study pond). The willow-like bushes described previously as to 10' height and partially leafed-out, i.e. 1/2 the buds have burst. Wild rose (?) intermingling with the other plants in clumps is fully leafed out. Other fully leafed out. Meadow in Valley are almost fully green. Some acceleration in bloom of filamentous algae. Hyla tad present in study pond but not abundant, single taken. One Hyla egg cluster (to remain store) seen in study pond. 10:00 A.M. Both thermographs working perfectly, calibrated with Shuttle's quick-reading thermometer, decided them and left meadow. May 22 Same locality as above. 8:55 P.M. Two adults, one ? and other ?, tadpoles picked up in brook area 20 yards S of main road as I stood with friends awaiting the "furious" Yosemite Fireball. Not worked since no equipment along. Released right away. This Hyla, dry broken area seems a favored food spot. May 23 Night check at Carl. Center locality revealed 3 adult toads. Temperature data follows (see data sheets for worked toads) Specimen # 3b, ? in dry sandy soil. Cloacal 12.5°C, Air 12.5°C; 11:05 P.M., # 4b ♀ in edge of crushed gravel footpath, cloacal 10.5°C.; Air 11.2° C. Time 11:27 P.M., # 5b on dry sandy soil cloacal 11.0°; Air 9.5 °C.
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E.L.Kadethum 1954 Bulter lorenz (29) May 24 Stremm Meadow, 4000 ft., Rosanite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Pond A now has dropped to low level, maximum depth 5" in middle. A 3-4 feet wide ring of dead grass surrounds the pool, probably resulting largely from the drying. New grass growth in the pond rises 14-16" above the water surface. The oil slick has disappeared but the remaining water is increasingly stagnant. The first 15 shot sweeps with a hand dip net revealed Hydra toads only. It took me nearly ½ hour to collect a 10 toad tadpole sample. As before, the Bulfer toads seem to remain at the shallower pool margins. I picked up no toad toads in water over 4" deep. If my sweeps were at random 1 in 25 or 30 toads is a Bulfo. Air temp. over lightly damp grass 14°C. at 7:45 P.M. (P.S.) Water 21.8° C. Pond A, shallower pools in this meadow are virtually all dried up and the toads are flourishing in shallow ½" deep water. One such pool 5X3 yards long just E of pond A has less than a square foot of surface water. Maximum depth <1". Approximately 50 Hydra toads are flourishing about; the most advanced are 3/4" body length and have limb buds developed. The bottom of this pool is irregular yet no dead toads appear on the dried up parts of it. Original pond depth probably 5" maximum. Former similar shallow pond just north of pond A also down to few inches depth.
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E.L. Karsten 1954 Buffy brown (30) May 24 stream mead., 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co. Caliy. the ditch adjacent to the footpath SE of pond A shows similar effects of drying up. Higher ground now interrupts the ditch and a series of pools are left. maximum depth 4". Buffalo toads are plentiful and occur 2-3 times as large as those gotten from pond A. Water temp. 8:05 p.m. (D.S.) 20.8°C. Bufos easily so plentiful as Hydras here. The ovicide are so concentrated that one short sweep of hand net could produce 50 toads and Hydra toads. 5 deer approached to within 20 feet of me as I sat taking notes. The presence of deer in nearly all the meadows must constitute some degree of hazard for adult toads and true frogs, especially since the period that the deer browse and the toads emerge during the evening may nearly coincide. May 25 ½ mi. S of Court Center, Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. 12:10 p.m. I made a hurried check of study locality. max-min. readings taken and toads- themographs checked. Watch for frogs. rise 12:30 p.m. due to sun on air thermograph. instrument calibrated and checked out to ± 1 degree with Schluter's quick recording thermometer. Two 3 feet long sweeps of bottom of study pool made and sample kept. Depth 10" where sweeps made. Hydra toads present but not in great numbers. Largest to find limb strays. note toas in bottom sample. The meadow is one more
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L. Karlstam 1954 Bulbo lancea (31) may 25 ½ mi. S of Govt. Center, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. of tall green waving grasses, marshy sedge. Average grass height about 22" but some clumps reach up to 38-40" length and bend over in a tremendous protrusion. Wind is moderately strong from the West. The drosera is reaching up to heights of 3 feet, average height 18". The western azalea (willow-like brush noted before) are starting to blossom. One 25' wide, 9' high clump 20 yards W x SW of my weather station had about 12 umbels burst out in partial to full bloom. This represents a fraction of 1% of potential blooms. Black oaks appear fully leafed out. Red-winged blackbirds calling from junctures in yellow pines and azaleas. Water level in pond same as last time, about 4½" of sticks above water surface. No signs of oiling having been done this meadow. may 28 Stevenson Mdr., 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley. I briefly checked this meadow at 8:10 P.M. Tonight. Pond A is low, maximum depth 3-4 inches and pond area is ⅓ of original I noted in April. As I approached the pool a robin was standing over a puddle 1-2" deep and apparently picking up the toads flourishing in numbers in the water. The ditch along the footpath is now a series of small (to 3' length) interrupted shallow (to 3") pools, Toad toads predominate
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Buffer loreuz (32) May 28 Stoneman meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Caliy. in these pools. 11:50 P.M. I returned and collected samples of tadpoles. One remnant of a pool in the former ditch paralleling the footpath water level was dry. 12:10°C.; air 10.5°C., 12:10 P.M. (D.S.) One small pool 2' x 'x 2" deep contained ≅ 500-800 toad larvae (few Hyla). I counted 40-50 dead at the puddle margin. The pools in Pond A average 1" depth. Hundreds of tadpoles (nearly all Hyla) are congregated where there is water. Meadow hazy from all the comfics. No breeze; gusses heavy with drops of dew. Weak Hyla chasing. Constant traffic cars & people may inhibit them. May 29 Cardinal meadow, ½ mi. S Gard. Center. Air max-min 12:30 P.M. 84-37°F.; present 50°. Soil max-min. 74-46° F. Present 52° F. June 3 Stoneman mdw., 4000 ft., Yoz. Valley, Mariposa Co., Cali Pond A now almost completely dry. The total amount of water left in 3 shallow depressions would total less than ½ gallon! Bottom of pool is still soggy with water bound in the soil. Toads present ad floundering in each tiny depression. The largest 15"x8"x 1" must have less than 25 toads, mostly Hyla. Bird chasing and the absence of dead toads over the bottom of the pool point to extensive avian predation, probably robins. Mosquitoes are thick. Time 7:05 P.M. All the water dry and B (the ditch paralleling the footpath) has dried up except for one small puddle 30"x16"x 1½" deep. She is swimming with Bufro tods. Will collect samples tonight when night check made of this meadow.
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E.L. Kailstrom 1954 Bulbs Irnea (33) June 3 Storm Meadow, 4000 ft., Yoz. Valley One adult f taken 10:37 P.M. in grass edge of footpath 30 yds SW of 4-way corner SW of Stream Bridge, clover 12.2° C. air 3" above ground 11.5° C. Temperature on ground (dead oak leaves) 12.5° C. Grass bee to 16" June 4 Storm Meadow, 4000 ft. S.m. S Court Center, Yosemite Valley. Checked weather station 3:30 P.M. Both thermographs functioning well. Ford level down now. The stake anchoring float is 5'1/4" above Ford surface. Air max-min 88°-39° F. Present reading 81° F. Soil max-min 70°-44° Present 68° F. Soil still dange around base of the max-min. weather station box. Soil temps 3:30 - 4:00 P.M. (D.S.) surface - 23.9° C. 6" - 19.0° 12 - 17.5° 18 - 15.0 24 - 14.0° The grasses now obscure view of my weather station from 10-50 feet away from it. Maximum grass height something over 30". The ferns have shot me up height over 3', average height about 30". The western azalea bushes are about 50% in full bloom, at least the one large bush 20 yards W of my study pond is that far along. Of these about 30% (concealed lady britches) bloomed out. Yesterday and today the very large tree been cut by the thousands. The ferns around my
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Bufo boreas (34) June 4 1/2 mi. S Garst Center, Yoc. Valley. Attein have as many as 4-5 large on each upright branch. Sky clear with some cloudiness to the W. The day has been alternately cloudy and semi-clear. Relative humidity readings 4:15 P.M. in open sunny open almost dry grass DB 79; WB 62 F. Initial reading, 81 F. Monstrose mosquitoes out this afternoon. Wild rose has bloomed out (violet colorama) since first vegetation check. This species acts a climber among rhododendron bushes E and SE of my study pond. I noted a few Dodecatheum plants in the meadow, these blooming at to 10" height. Algal growth seems restricted to a greenish-yellow growth matting near the edges of the pools. It is heavier than ever before but still covers less than 1/5 of pond surface. Lots of water in meadow. The supply seems unchanged over past 2 months. I made a quite thorough check of the ponds for eggs, covering area within 50-75 yards E and W of walk footpath. No trout eggs. Hydran tadpoles larger and reduced in numbers. They swim and bury themselves in bottom mire as you approach, making it difficult to catch them with a small gig net. Stevenson meadow, Yoc. Valley. at 4:50 P.M. I made quick check too. The pool (B) along the footpath has been reduced 1/3 since yesterday. A robin was unmistakably perching on the congested tods (ready all Bufo)
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E.L. Kardstrom 1954 Bulor Lorenz (35) June 4 Afternoon Meadow, 4000 ft., Yez. Valley As I approached the birds footprints were all around the wet mud at the edge of the puddle. I took a sample. On the north side of the road there is still a considerable flow of water along the main ditch thru the meadow, although many parts are drying up. Hydras toes only seen. June 5 SW loose of Wolf Dene, 6100 ft., Y.N.P., Mariposa Co., Calif I hiked off the trail through a tangle of pine and sagebrush vegetation to check meadow nesting between Mt. Broderick and Wolf Dene. The largest I encountered is 150 yards long x 125 yards wide. The sedge is up to 18" height. It is almost impossible to get through or around the meadow. It is completely flooded with water to a maximum depth of probably 18" in the lower parts. The pine forest crowds in right at the water's edge. Along with lodgepole and yellow pine there is quaking aspen, western azolen and buckner. Horse dung indicates use of this as a pasture when it has dried out. No signs of any animals. Thoroughbreds 2. couleis seen at edge of meadow. June 9 Dentrid Meadow, 1/2 mi. S Cast. Center. Snow fell last night following a day of almost constant rain. I checked the area for tracks 8-8:45 P.M. last night. Vegetation soaping wet, ground saturated, and light dizzle falling. No tracks seen. Today I photographed meadow at 8:30 A.M. (D.S.) #2 4x5" plus - X taken looking W down canyon from curved rock
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L. Karlstrom 1954 Buffer zone (36) June 9 Sentinel meadow, 1/2 mi. S of Cast Center. pathing. I forgot to send the blanks on #1. #3 photo taken facing E toward my weather station. Overcast with low clouds but some sun showing through. clouds cover walls of valley down to within 500 feet of valley floor. Slight drizzle began 9 A.M. Hyla relat but blackbirds active. Air max-min, 83-31° F. Presat air temp 46° F. Soil max-min, 71-39° F. present 42° F. Reset both. Did not close through data at the time. June 11 Stevenson meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Clear, mild evening. No water at all in pond A or adjacent pools, although bottom of pools soggy mud. Not a bird seen. The birds are most efficient in cleaning them up. Grasses within the pool area show retarded growth and 2/3 of the bottom area covered with dead matted grasses. The margins of the pools seem to have suffered most from the oiling, especially those margins where the wind had forced concentration of the oil. ↑N Pond A gross to 30" sedges to 16" dead matted grass margin 2-4' wide. Probable prevailing wind
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E.L. Karstun 1954 Buffet (37) June 11 stream meadow, Yoe valley, Manjesa C., Colif. meadow grasses average 26" now. Western azolen 1/2 blown out. Thimbleberry bruses slow beginning of berry development. Cow parsnip to 3' height. Antenise to 4' height, air temp 7:55 p.m. (D.S.) 1" above ground 13.1° C. I found me remnant of a pool on south side of the road, 16" x 14" x 1 1/2" deepe. About half dozen Hydra frogs present. Hind limbs developed; body length < 15 mm. Water down 1/3 in volume flow on north side of road, although is is still slowly flowing in the ditch paralleling road. Hydra only observed in ditch and one larger 3/4ths died up pool. made check of El Cogitan meadow yard which now is 1/2 former area and drying up rapidly. Hydra frogs only seen and but two adults calling. Also made night check of verdant meadow E side of Camp 9', just W of Indian caves road. much standing water, shallow & deeper (to 16") pools. Grasses changed and over 3' high, weeds to 8' height. Two adult Hydra >> calling, Hydra frogs present but no signs of toads. Dental meadow, 1/2 mi. S Cent. Center. Night check (through) made here. Two adult toads, > and & captured & released. #3b > dooral 12.3° C., air 1" above cooled quite fast 12.0° C., under ground sand 13.4° C.; 9:45 p.m. (D.S.) #2b within 8 feet of #3b dooral 12.0° C., air 11.8° C. 9:53 p.m. (D.S.) Both on quite pathway about 75 yards S of road.
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L. Karlstuen 1954 Bufo boreas (38) June 12 Central Ndw. 4000 ft., 1/5 mi S Court Center, Yre Valley. Max-min. 84-34° F at 4:10 P.M. (D.S.) Present air reading 540 F. light drizzle falling. Meadow looking wet after drizzle most of afternoon. Soil max-min. 82-38° F. Present 540 F. Changed clots pond and air thermographs. Both operating well. The pond level is about the same as last time with 4 1/2
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L. Kadstrom 1954 Bugs Lorenz (39) June 9 to Berkeley June 9th. He reports hitting good deluge of rain just Mariposa. I wonder if tree-frogs not involved but very probably B. Lorenz. California June 12 Sentinel Meadow, Yosemite Valley, 4000 ft., Mariposa C., night check made 9:15-10:30 P.M. (D.S.) Earlier about 8:30 P.M. I had found one medium-sized toad by a log campfire circle Camp 19. After- noon rains should bring out toads over most of Valley floor where they exist. Camp 19 is located about 100+ yards S of Merced River along which some breeding ponds may be found. No other toads discovered around the camp. I walked the paths to Sentinel Bridge and the meadow, etc. N along former road crossing meadow. One large adult ♀ (#5b see data sheet) encountered on bridle path 30 yards W of rocky footpath. She so full of insects appears sluggish. Cannot feel egg masses. may or may not be post-breeding ♀. Closed temp. 9.8°C ; air 9.5°C ; 9:37 P.M. (D.S.) Ground wet from afternoon downpour. No other toads found tonight. Hylo chorus very weak involving only a few individuals. June 14 Same locality as above. Night check 11:00-11:45 P.M. (D.S.) of meadow area. Air temp 11:30 P.M. 14.6°C, 3" above ground. Moon casts soft glow, no frozen, mild. I cruised the bridle path, cruised rocky footpath and through much of fern over S side of road without seeing one toad. At
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E.L. Kadstrom 1954 Buffy Loreau (40) June 14 Devil's Meadow, Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. 11:35 P.M. I walked along under street lamps lining walkway along road leading NE into Court Center. Then I cut through fern area SW of Ranger's Club. No toads. Ferns and grasses slightly damp with dew but ground otherwise quite dry. June 15 Conversation with Assistant Naturalist Norm Wikenheim. He reports seeing adult toads around the employee's vegetable garden over by the residence area. Never more than one or two at a time, however. June 21 Conversation with Chris Hauck, Sanitation Officer, Yosemite Valley. Stove oil only used with no additives. Order from Washington early 1940's that no DDT be used (last year DDT used in area to control needle miner). Stove oil used straight and sprayed from 5-gallon tanks. Crude oil had been used until sometime 1930's (1935?) when it was objected to as being unsightly. Just enough to cover food surface. Attempt to keep it off grass. This year at Sentinel Meadow some got on grass. Oiling attempted only around valley area of human concentration. At times can get down as far as Bridalveil Meadow. 4-5 species mosquito in valley. Hauck has report on them. Devil's Meadow has been oiled, although I failed
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L. Karlstrom 1954 Bufa loreus (41) June 21 to see evidence of it during my checks. The crew could hardly get every puddle in that meadow. Hunch reports that old-timers have observed pools with tadpoles but no wrigglers (eaten by toads?) contact Gray, Alameda Co. Moquinto allotment district June 22 Dertiel meadow, Yoz Valley, Morgan Co., Calif. check of weather station 8:20 A.M. Air max-min. 99-38°F. Present 68° F. Soil max-min. 81-42° F. Present 62° F. Weather clear and sunny but thermometer in partially shaded near this time of morning. Surface - 19.8°C. First water level down. 8" of 6" - 17.5°C. stake above water, but moist 12" - 17.5°C. area around pond still saturated 18" - 17.00°C. Grasse picture about same as last 24" - 16.50°C. report. Birchen higher, average 3½ feet low to 4½' max. Western azolan at heights of bloom. Some serezed bloomed out. Blackbirds active. Bright sunny morning. June 30 Same locality. Weather check made 4 P.M. (D.S.) Max-min air 98-116° F. 80° F. " " soil 86-119 F. 73° F. charts changed in thermographs. Water level down about 5" from last check. The stake is 10½" above water surface. Meadow grasses still higher, average 40-45". Broken to 6'. Western azolan blossoms past their peak, about ½ are brownish & dying out. Hybla sample taken from study pond. Toads are close to emerging but some small hybla toads are present.
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E.L.Karlstun 1954 Bufo boreas June 21 Chris P. Hank, Director Officer for Yosemite Park, provided me with a U.S. Public Health Service report on mosquitoes (ad modern control) in the Valley 1944. Report in Park Engineering file. Mosquito species listed by George E. Wash-burn. Those in greatest numbers: Culiseta incidens (Theob.) - a meadow breeder Aedes varigolgens (Coq.) - tree hole breeder Aedes vexors (mg.) - meadow and river culiseta and pool breeder, most controls directed against Aedes in Valley. All pest species. Survey showed no crapevine mosquitoes in area.
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L. Karlstam 1954 Bufo arenarius (42) June 30 Central meadow, 4000 ft., Yoz Valley, Marysvale Co., Colid. It is apparent that the tall, dense meadow grass is unattractive for movements of adult toads. Grasses and bunchion is increasingly dense under scattered yellow [illegible]s of study pond. I checked water running westward down middle of meadow. Sneezeweed now blossomed out and plants average 22", maximum 28". Blockbirds out and calling. Afternoon mild with moderate westerly breeze. A fairly extensive check of water over 3/3rds of entire meadow made. Only tadpoles only. Water level about same as in past weeks except in certain places at edges of meadow where spring flow loching. It may yet be possible for toads to produce young in this meadow. June 30 July+ books Large adult FF captured W of coryphice site by children at Conge 14. Will be used for breeding with Triuga Rossa cornus. This toad under trees at least 100 yards from Merced River. Captured about 7:45 P.M. July 1 Conge 14, 4050 ft., Yosemite Valley. Another adult FF collected back of stage 10:10 A.M. (D.S.). He appears vigorous. Evidence points to a general spread out population of toads in Valley. Paul Elkins, son of naturalist Dew Elkins, caught and later lost at Conge 19 a large adult F near Merced River at Conge 6. This toad captured middle of but afternoon
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L. Karlstom 1954 Bufo boreas (43) Yosemite Valley, 4050 ft. June 23 about June 25. A total of 3 subadult toads have been taken at confluence circle Ceng 19, all in late evening hours. These appear to have developed from some batch since size similar in each. July 2 Court. Center slope and Couge area. One adult o>o collected along wall outside car porta at 10:00 P.M. (D.S.) or I returned government car after work. Evening clear and mild. July 3 noted 3 toads tadpole and one Hyla scavenging on a single dead Hyla toad 11:00 A.M. Previous to this I have only noted carnivorous feeding by tree-frog toads. Algal supply placed in aquarium 3 days ago has been eaten, so that scavenging may be forced secondarily on the toads. The toad toad one average body length 11.5 mm., total length 22 mm. Feeding toads were near surface on top of a rock, water 1/2" deep. The dead toad may have been dragged up from the bottom to its position on the rock. July
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L. Karlstein 1954 Oiling Expt. Bufo boreas (44) July 5 Laboratory oiling experiment. I placed 4 tadpoles and one metamorphosed toyla in a refrigerator dish 4 1/2" x 4 1/2" x 3" filled with 600 cc. of fresh water. I gently poured 20 cc. of diesel oil over the surface. It coalesed into large droplets at first but immediately dispersed outward. The first 10 cc. covered only 2/3 of the water surface, not extending toward the outer edges. But with 20 cc. of oil the entire surface became covered with a film. The two Bufo tods have hind legs 2-3 mm. long. Their total length averages 26 mm.; body length 12 mm. Toyla tods at different developmental stages. One lacks my limbs, body length 12/3 mm.; second has 10 mm. long hind limbs, body length 13.5 24 mm. Both have total length about 28 mm. The metamorphosed toyle has almost completely resorbed its tail which juts out 2 mm. Body length 11 mm. It crawls up sides of dish readily in spite of oil film over its body. Oiling at 9:30 A.M. Tods active immediately and swim to surface in attempt to secure oxygen in the surface film. These animals are probably further along in develop- ment than those exposed to oil in natural pond near Yosemite Valley. Animals probably not severe by 10 A.M. The tods by swimming straight up from bottom (water 1 1/2" deep) seem to break through film, at least an air
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L. Karlston 1954 Bufo boreas (45) July 5 bubbles may be formed. Usually, however, they work along edges of the dish, sometimes breaking film at the glass-air-oil interface. I blew gently down and across the oil film. The oil is readily forced to one side of the dish. The prevailing afternoon westerly winds in the valley undoubtedly (as noted at Stremen Meadow) force most oil to the leeward pond edges at least in larger ponds and puddles. The larger Hyler climbed out of the dish 4 times in 10 minutes. But after 10 o'clock it appeared unable to break through the film. 11:10 P.M. The metamorphosed Hyler immobile but least gular movements noted while frog on its back. Body covered with oil. The 4 toads still active and continue to work along upper edges. 12:15 P.M. One Bufo took olive but belly up at bottom of dish. Others slow decreased movements but still attempt to get air from surface. Symptoms of oxygen appear to be a definite continuation of metamorphosis, resulting in the lighter pigments slowing through. This is most pronounced in the Bufo which begin to take on Hyler coloration. 2 P.M. All toads death.
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Karlstrom 1954 Buffo boras (46) July 7 Dental meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Marjorie Co., Calif. Night check June 11:00 P.M. night clean and cool. One ? found along edge of cuskled footpath 80 yards S of road. Active adult which moved right into wet tall grass at edge of path. It moved to dunge mud edge of pool and remained secreted among grass clumps. Disgusted total LF 1, . 11:10 P.M. (D.S.) Air temp. 11.4° C. 1" above ground. No toads or seen seen in pools (except for Hylla). July 8 Same locality. Weather check 4:15 P.M. Air max-min 88-45° F, Great temp. 83° F. Soil surface max-min, 78-48° F. Great 76° F. About 16" of stone above water surface. The float was resting on clumped grass at one end. I moved stone and float to deeper water. Hylla toads only in pools observed. Did check medium for water temp. Did not run since last check mode (Wed. before last) though it had been wound up. I replaced clock anyway. The water level all over the meadow is down at least a few inches. However, running water still flows westward under footpath. Grasses are up to 4' in wet low places but average near 40". Breezewood to 28" and blooming. Much thistle development. Last Wednesday I noted crew from Foresty Division spraying thistles with 2-4-D weed killer. Their activities probably have
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F.L. Kadsturn 1954 Buffy breeze (47) July 8 Sentinel meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley. little or no effect on amphibians in the meadow, since spraying is well controlled and directed only against thistles. Western azalea all but through blooming here. Clear sunny sky today. Strong westerly breeze - the kind of weather hastening evaporation of Sentinel meadow water. July 18 Sentinel meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Calif. air max-min. 99-47° F. Present 70° soil " " 80-50° F. " 74° at 7:156.m. (D.S.) Clear, mild evening with no freeze. Pond water level down to 4" depth at stake. Float partially resting on mud pond bottom. Pool now 14 x 10' or about 1/3 of former size. Hydris toads in pond ad never seen emergent from pools here single toker. Theirs gyrch clote closed. Air thermograph would seem to be registering too low maximum temps. mosquitoes thick over meadow grasses. Vegetation about same height as before. Thistles harding up to bloom, to 3 1/2' high. Burdais blooming or is a 16" tall Coniculus-like plant with dusters of small yellow blossoms. Cow parsnip s lender of meadow over 4' toll and starting to blossom. Western azalea blossoms dried up ad brown. 6 female red-winged blackbirds seen perched on one dead azalea bush. I flushed 4 mallard hens out of the den hollow ponds at middle of meadow. Most pools ne died up but
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(The second of O) [illegible] Lulu, called herself, to our friend, said: 'I am not going to be [illegible]...'
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E.L. Karlelum 1954 Buefer brocens (48) July 18 Senticid merdow, 1/2 mile S Court Center, 4000 ft, Yozanite Valley, Morinza Co., Calif. there still is a slight flow of fresh water running W along middle of meadow. Algae (visible filamentous) growth is reduced as pools dry up. The lydia are emerging now but most still possess tails. I found 3 or 4 with but tiny tail stubs, body length 1/2"+. The old road crossing N-S across the meadow had dried up by last week. For three days workmen have been spreading topsoil over the old road-bed. Other meadow area left untarned. July 19 Bike check of Morinza Valley possible breeding sites made. Weather clear and warm, in high 80's mid- afternoon. The area along road (July 41) below Bridleweil Falls, 3920 ft. had some pools of water along creek bottom only. No signs of angelfish. Areas along S side of Merced River between Bridleweil Falls and old Village showed no standing water. At base of large Boulder south side of Village church - pool dried up. Emerged lydia only. Lodin Creek tributaries N of Lewis Hospital also dried up. Hoydel Moore, former naturalist now working at museum, described pools this area seen previous years. Many dead larvae seen on rocks ad logs there 4:45-5:15 p.m. Check of Stevensen meadow, 4000 ft. on both sides of road. No water left in meadow, and it is
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E.L. Karlstein 1954 Bufo boreas (49) July 19 Stromm Meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley matted down due to pedestrian use and the constant foraging of deer here. July 21 Sentinel Meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Night check of the meadow 10:45-11:15 P.M. (O.S.) Air temp. as noted thermometer Government Center garage area 74° F. at 10:15 P.M., but it was cooler in open meadow - possibly in high 60's. Not a call of any crunch breed, and I did not see a single food. Weather clear with no breeze. After, a check of Stromm Meadow between 11:20-12:00 turned up some results. Amphibian activity in the Valley is practically nil; it seems, due to hot weather and early drying up of water sources. July 24 Check made of Indian Run Spring, ¼ mile E of Indian Cave, 4050 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. No amphibian toda of any kind in this highly mineralized spring. Flow still producing slow-moving rivulets up to 8 feet across. Heavy algal development. Also check of meadows N side of Conze G, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley. No standing water left even in deepest (to 2½') potholes. Very high development of grasses, milkweed, rushes, and a woody brush-like plant to 4' high (campsite ?) This meadow would be one of
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Karlstrom 1954 Bufo boreas (50) July 21 N side of Camp 9 , 4000 ft. Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. - last to dry up since it once had extensive deep holes of water. Hydra toda apparently got out in time here. Day hot and muggy. July 28 50 yards NW of museum, Yosemite Valley, 4000 ft. Mariposa Co., Calif. One adult toad found 8:10 AM smashed by a car. Spot not far from SW corner of wildflower garden where a small violet flower. Day-time temperatures are in 90's at present. Toads must be restricted to night-time food- seeking and probably areas of moisture or cover, e.g. near the museum garden and watered cultivated area. At 11:15 p.m. (D.S.) I made check of Sentinel Meadow, 1/2 mi. S Gaist. Center. No toads seen this area or under lights W of Gaist. Center. Temperatures in low 70's, no breeze. Little water flowing thru the meadow.
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E.L. Kalstern 1954 B. linear (51) August (?) desert meadow, 4000 ft., 1/2 mi. S Cont. Ctr. Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Volitat shot taken with Voigtluder 4x5 camera, plus-X. Exposures 10,11,12 foring F from foot- path. F11 or F12 at 1/100th. Bright, clear, sunny day, 3:30 P.M. (D.S.). Maximum-minimum air 85-40° F. Present 80° F. Soil 77-45° F. Present 66°. Pool completely dried up, but bottom ooze still mushy. Deer tracks in mud. High meadow gooseberries. Western bull thistle in flower, to 5' height. Fern and milkweed to 3 1/2-4'. Few cow parsnips to 7-8' and drying up. Common monkey flower along footpath. Ranged air thermometer chart only.
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El Karstun 1954 Buffalo broom (S2) Sept. 15 Sentinel meadow, 4000 ft., Yojo Valley, Marin Co. Cali. Final check of air thermograph and max-min in valley station. Max-min, air, 92-32° F. Soil 80-35° F. Meadow dried up except for morning dew on grasses. Grasses half-browned out here. Maximum height about 4' but deer have matted much of it down. Western bull thistles still show blossoms in shady areas, but vegetative parts burned out either by poison sprayed on them or natural fall processes. Buckwheat gently brown. Showy milkweed to 3 1/2'; cow purslane (seed already set) to 7' here. Love senotureed to 3', already seeded. No water present this meadow as observed previous visit.
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Elk Alatum 1954 Bufo boreas (53) Oct. 10 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W of Civic Center, Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. A quick check of this huge area adjacent to S.B. tracks revealed no frogs. The pond(2) is dried up, but moisture present under some flat-lying boards and auto tires. General Toxica tosa and one Hydra found in such situation. Soil surface temperature under board 4:40 P.M. (D.S.) with bulbs slotted was 19.1° C. Air temperature foot above ground (bulbs slotted) 20.1° C. No standing water at all. The tule growth includes plants 77 feet height. Much of the tule and grass vegetation is beaten down presumably by the small frog living in a trailer court alongside the area. Broken glass everywhere. Oct 16 Stormon Meadow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley Adult # found by Dick Russell at edge of Canyon parking lot SB side of meadow. Crawled slowly plodding over dry sandy soil edge of pathway. Ground temp 5.2° C. at 9:55 P.M. Ground surface 4.8° C. Air temp. 6" above ground 6.2° C. Toad moved forward 10" when disturbed and came to lie along edge of partially buried retaining log. Earlier in evening, 9 P.M. one adult and a subadult collected in front of Ranger's Club, Yosemite Valley Hospital, 4000 ft. Ground 10.8° C. Air 14.2° C. 2' above ground. Oak leaf litter here over soil.
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EL Kalstein 1954 Buffy Jones (54) Oct. 17 Detail mdr, 1/2 mi. S of Cart. Center, Ya. Valley 4000 ft., Morgan Co., Coly. Final max-min for season an 92-26° C. Soil surface 79-27° C. Weather station cleared out except for cover to thermograph tube which I left in position. No water in meadow now. Western golden reddish brown, leaves just beginning to fall. Black oaks just slowing fall leaf change. Most 1/4th yellowed out, some at NW margin of meadow are overall greenish-yellow in appearance. Tules of meadow grass (half matted due to deer & wind) all dried out but lower half of shoots still greenish. Grasses green back under locchan beneath yellow pines. Western thistle and brockan dry. Done dew this 3 A.M. 9:00. Air temp 3" above stratus ground 48° F. Dry sky with light striggy stratus clouds except for high fog-like formation to east above and behind Half Dome. Sunshine bathes most of meadow 9:15 A.M. Micrates active in bunchd grasses. Still joys numerous oak border. 4 deer (does & young of yen) stirred me this part of meadow. No food seen in this area last night 10:30 - 11:00 P.M. Air temp 6" above ground was 9.5° C. Pathway across meadow saved as of early September.
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EL Karlstrom 1954 Buffalo toads (SS) Oct. 17 Conversation over breakfast at Yosemite Lodge with Carl Stephens who worked summer at Ahwahnee Hotel ad now is there and at Curry. Carl a undergrad herpetologist at Texas A & M. Dike Russell introduced him to me and thanks for Stephen's help experience. Stephens uncovered a bufonid along a bank of a brook one mile above Nevada Falls in the Little Yosemite. He turned over a log at the edge of the brook. The Merced Lake trail here crosses the brook about 12 feet from the merced River. He had worked up along the brook for a short distance. Time was a Thursday (day off) end of June, possibly June 24th. This appears to be first report of toads in the Little Yosemite. Elevation at this reported locality, 6200 ft. If correct is low it would be lowest record for species, and help to fill in the toad-less gap (4000-6500?) in region of Yosemite Valley.
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ELKardatum 1954 Buffy lorenz (56) Oct. 19 Color notes on lorenz collected Yosemite Valley Oct. 16. ELK # 388 subadult ? Ground color a slate gray dorsally with the off slade white (bluish cast) underneath, per overall green (flecks) dorsal oggyrous but there are small patches of Fern (IV) green - marcy & Paul, around the black spots on back. Work not heavily rust-tipped. Black runs into elongate blotches ventrally d& on sides of body. Crustoid mostly slate grey but bluish grey on side (green-flecked) ad gray with some suffusion of rust-brown. Ventral strije discontinuous, not discernible until ventral protuberance. A thin pencil line of off slade white to scrol lunge. Ventral strije slightly raised up as an elevation of skin. coyza gold silver edge above d&or pupil Venter with edgy black blotches. Small 1mm. spots scattered over throat. ELK # 389 adult -> G.c. Olive drab Pl 15 13-5 Mo & P. will sell black flecks thru it. Dorsal black spet red blotches. Crustoid light reddish brown (G-9 Pl. 14) 62 are tips of work & tubercles. this -> less dorsal black blotching that ELK # 390. Ventral strije thin pencil line - cream colored rd almost distinct eye region to scrolm, but not ventrol region. Vela greyish-white, little spotting, none on throat. Nuptial excrescences developed 1st & second digit.
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ELKerlston 1954 Bufo boreas (57) Oct. 19 Color notes ELK #390 adult ♀♀. B.c. slate gray but heavily marked with black or rust-stippled conical tubercles, each with dark tip. Black blotches on sides large & more extensive than →. The dorsal black blotches obscure vertebral stripe middle region of body. Stripe most distinct second region and gird joint, to parotoid glands. Parotoids light brown !2E P2L 15 clove. Venter similar to → #389 Nov. 8 ELK #389, #390 B. boreas halophilus Yovite Valley killed for skeletonizing. #390 showed new crop of eggs and follicles. Block eggs average 1.4 mm. diameter, gray-white follicles <1mm. No eggs in oviduct which is tightly coiled and flattened but not shrunk. 1.3 mi. N, 0.2 mi. W Cuvie Gate, Richmond Contra Costa Co., Calif. This locality checked during driving rain 4:15 P.M. today. Heavy fall rains started night of Nov. 7 and continued most of today without letup. Even so, the ground was not soaked under larger pieces of wood and some metal cover. Dick Russell spotted two juveniles (yearling probably) toads which we collected from in and under rusty cans. Two juvenile Taricha also taken from under piece of plywood 2x2' square. Air temp. 16.80 at 4:20 P.M. No other herps seen.
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E.L. Karlstom 1954 Buffer canorus (1) April 24 Yosemite museum locality records: 48-52 Research Reserve, Q., 8300 ft. Dry meadow near Quadrant #3. D. Michner July 14, 1933. Research Reserve, 8000 ft. "Reserve Bunch" Yoa. 95-96 Chr., W of Quadrant #6 A. Cameron July 12, 1934 710-713 Kerick Meadow, 9300 ft. A. Cameron. July 29, 1934 (follow high locality records) 373 Garden Lake, 7575 ft., Tivolonne Cr. J.E. Cole Aug. 12, 1939 528 & 530 Turner's Meadow, 7700 ft. S. Hanson, July 21, 1941 This list is incomplete. Only lower altitude localities taken down.
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E.L. Kersting 1954 Buffo Course (2) April 24 Paragon mead, 7300 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Mariposa Co., Calif. 1:07 P.M. Air 1" above moist dark brown soil fluctuates 11.0-12.4° (drew in area that had been in sun - now shaded by recorder). Soil saturated or near saturation point, easily squeezed from mass between fingers. Bulls just under soil surface in area in sun 17.4 °C. The entire meadow to N and S of road snow covered except for scattered patches as below near side of road and elsewhere under the lodgepole pines. ↑N Glacier Pt. Road snow A: riulet B Water 6.7° C. 10" from edge of melting snow water 2" deep, in sun, much matted dead grass at another place at B water 5° C., 2" deep. 5.4°C. at center (water first, 1½" deep) 6.7° C. (shallow, water slower ½ - deep) water of rivulet 1-3 ft wide.
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E.L. Kardatum 1954 Buffo canorus (3) April 24 Peregay mdr .7300 ft., Yoz. Nell. Park, Mariposa Co. Calif. Rapidly flowing from snow bank across dead gross mat. Some water upwelling from gopher burrows. In dead gross layer 1-2" thick are already a few green grass shoots and green leaves (strawberry?). There is also a plant with leaves subovate x1 and green. Stebbins estimates snow off this area but a few days at most. In one new pool in full sun, quiet water, 1 1/2" deep at center, pool 3 ft. across, little seepage in or out, water 9.3° C., 1:30 P.M. Water of main stream, 150 ft. S of highway 0° C. at edge of snow. Water here 6"-1 ft. deep, fast flowing. Stream 8-10 ft wide, 2-6" deep, 10 ft. downstream and so in depth and width for about 100 ft to next large snow deposit. Water riffly and fast. Area in full sun. Temp of moss in sun against fully illuminated rock 13.40° C. Willows along stream with buds but not bursting yet. Willows 8" to 2 ft. high. Stream meanders is 4-5 ft. wide 10"-12" deep 60 yards from road. 6" depth 8.2° C Soil temp. at C (see map) 12" 6.5 Temp. just under soil surface 18" 5.5 16.5° C. at 2:15 P.M. 24" 5.0
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E.L. Kadetum 1954 Buffer conours (4) April 24 Peregrin Mdw., 7300 ft., Yos. Natl. Park, Mariposa Co. Calif. Locality 6-9 road miles E of Chiguigin Ranger Stat. Max-min. thermometer placed within weather station box and left on bare ground near where soil temp. taken. Also one max-min. thermometer was buried in a horizontal position with the bulb about 1" beneath the soil surface. Air temp. (slided bulb 2" above ground) at 2:45 P.M. was 11.5 C. Photos taken (9,10,11 on Plus-X roll) First two facing N., last facing S by SE. Stebbins also made photographs of the area. Plant samples of first emerging forms collected (see previous notes dry Stebbins) The wet soft soil surface existed by many fresh pocket gopher and mole digging Deadfall branches and trunk fragments of Lodgepole pine half buried in soft soil. Soil is saturated in area C. Dig hole 12-16" deep; water quickly covered bottom of it x-sect. showing snow depths stream April 30 Returned to same locality above. Fresh snow, 3-4" now covers most (2/3rds of area) of the uncovered soil surface noted April 25 th. Air temp 1" above ground at 2:46 P.M. (D.S.T.) 1.2 C., intermittent light snow fall and sunshine at this time. Moderate breeze.
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E.L. Kardatum 1954 Bufo canorus (5) April 30 Peregry rrdw., 7300 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Manzana Cr., Calif. max-min reading now 22° F - 61° F. Present reading 41° F. This air type with max-min. themmeter bulbs about 10" above ground. The housing was upright and intact. Then, next 3:05 P.M. max-min. of thermometer buried in soil 32°-61° F. I replaced it some general area but to W of box. Soil types. 3:10 P.M. (D.S.T.) Surface - 3½°C. (bulbs just under soil surface) 6" - 1½°C. 12" - 2½°C. 18" - 20 C. 24" - 2½° C. I set up Taylor air thermograph, calibrated 3:20 P.M. (D.S.T.) Present reading 40° F. Tube containing instrument is buried 2" in snow and soil. Plywood cover (½" thick) covers entire tube. Snow piled up 2" around outside of tube for insulation. Water type, moving rivulet 12 feet W of weather station 2.90° C. 3' wide, 1" deep. Snow to 5" along margins. Larger main stream 2°C. Some icicles where small part of stream cascades a foot down on willow branches. Mt. Chickadees in pine trees calling. The snow has a glazed crust.
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Buffy canyon (6) April 30 Poregoy mdwr, 7300 ft., Posinite Natl. Park, Meryine Co, Calif. Snow depths at tmrset made by Stedline April 27 are as follows: 9" 26" 29" T 2" + here stream flow primarily under snow. Pine frst near tree. The ground is so soggy with water in areas where snow thin or off that I sunk into the black loam 2-3 inches. Additional runoff water is present squarding from the road culvert. It would appear that canyon emergence will be later as a result of the past weeks storm. Ranger Don Clarke at Chinguacn reported that Dodge box has 12 inches of recent snow. However, plowz were working today to clear the road to Glacier Point preparatory to its opening for the public tomorrow. The recent snows have all been plowed off the road at least to Porego but certainly beyond.
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L. Karbium 1954 Buffo cones (7) Beresay meadows, 7300 ft., Yosemite National Park, Mariposa Co. Calif. R. Stullin's recorded data. may 9 Note: Soil max-min thermometer is buried 1-2" beneath soil about 15" W of weather station box. Dig it up first to avoid inadvertently walking over it. V Week ending may 9, 1954 (1) Soil max-min temp.: Max 70° F; Min 32.0°F Time: 11/320 a.m. Present reading: (Reset) (2) Air max-min temp: 39.0° F 11:25 a.m. Min. 14.0° F Max 72.0° F 38.0° F Present reading 40° MAX 11:20 am 40 Min (Reset) (3) Air thermograph in tube Replace with green chart. Propose did if possible Wind clock V Not running. Adjust stylus if necessary. Add ink V (4) Soil depth temps. Surface - 6° C runlet 6" - 6° C oval 4° C. 12" - missed Sky mecast. 18" - 5° C 24" - 5° C 11:35° (5) Relative humidity reading DB - 37° C raining Time: WB - 36° C (6) Snow depth and extent if time permits. (I can get NPS snow depth records from Beresay) meadow show no green as yet. Snow gone from meadows - few scattered patches. no egg n toes seen. Soil saturated - rain x snow 30 min. sensh m Melinda Stullins
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E.L. Kalatm 1954 Bubo canorus (8) May 13 Peregoy meadow, 7300 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Mariposa Co., Calif. Air Temp. 3:50 p.m. 70° F. Recorded max-min. readings for air and soil (see data sheet). The clock mechanism for the air thermograph not running. suspect it was wound too tightly. Turned drum upside down and it seems to be ticking off perfectly. Took two photos with Ullender camera, plus-x # 11 looking N my meadow from road, B-X # 12 facing NE Toward weather station from across the meadow (same shot R. Stedman took April 24 th). The snow is completely off the lower major portion of the meadow. None under pines near weather station. Open higher ground in open shows first signs of drying out from saturated conditions noted previous trips. When a ball of surface soil pressed between fingers water squeezed out yet, however, firm footing in area just S of station. Coyote diggings (fresh) prominent. The open meadow is starting to green up. Prominent plant has plantain-like leaves coming up in small groups 3-4 to a plant. Single x1 token. Height of these plants ¼
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E.L. Karlton 1954 Buffy canrus (a) May 13 Berezoy Meadow, 7300 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Mariposa Co., Calif. 34 yards W of station, 13.2° C. Water here tumbles down low 1-3' cascades, in up to 8
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E.L. Kardatum 1954 Bufo canorus (10) May 13 Perogoy Mdw, 7300 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Mariposa Co., Calif. What sounded like a canorus (croak-like) or. Call sounds like a speeded-up Bufo boreas series of notes, a medium pitched series of whistled notes lasting about 6-8 seconds. Several minutes would elapse between calls. I walked northward nearly to the end of the meadow north of the road and after the animal was silent about 10 minutes the call came again from behind me. Careful stalking of the calls finally brought me to within 10 yards of him. He called about every 4 min as I stood quietly zeroing in on its position. Adult or in open grassy area 30 yards E of pine stand, about 70 yards N of road and 20 yards W of main stream. Surface water 2" deep here, level, open grassy area. Scattered puddles of water broken up by grass clumps and slightly higher ground. The grounds thoroughly saturated in area. The animal's reaction to my hedlenge from was to try to crawl beneath short grass. Obscrd temp 10.40 C; 9:10 P.M. (D.S.) Water in which animal [illegible] immersed 10.7° C. Air 1" above ground over long grass 3.9° C. Brownish coloration of toad's dorsum blended well with matted dead brown grasses. This was only animal (canorus) heard or seen over entire meadow N of road. A check 200 yards S of road also made but no other toads heard or seen. Very few Hyla calling. Sound of feeding birds on meadow—dicking of jaws.
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E.L. Kahlbaum 1954 Buffo conors (11) May 18 Color notes on ? adult collected May 13, 1954 at Beregay Meadow. Food dark brownish-green in field. Kept at 5-6° C. in MUZ drone room. Removed today and killed. Very dark brown when removed from drone room, then it began to lighten to present color. Color key from Meyer & Paul. ELK #181. Length 66 mm. Dorsal ground color I-1, Plate 13 M&P., green with cast of yellow. Dorsal black spots are small, each <1 mm width or diameter some run together in lines. Warts are smooth and relatively inconspicuous. Black flecks surround them in single or double row wart darker green-brown Dark brown to gray cast x 1/2 in center. over upper portion hind limbs and several flanges. Parotoid gland & centers of warts L-8, Pl. 15 M&P. Venter off shade white. Black spots to 2 mm. width largest abdominal region and on upper pes. Throat reticulate pattern of black on white, some underside pubic area. Slight cornification and darkening of digits 1 & 2, tips of 3 & 4 forelimbs. Left testis: 7.5 x 3.4 mm. Rt. Testis: 8.1 x 3.3 mm. Air 82-25° F.; present 75°. Soil 73-32° F. Soil temps. 0" - 24°, 6" - 11.1, 12" - 10° + 18" - 8.5°, 24" 8.0 May 23 Beregay Mdr., 7300 ft., Yoaz Natl. Park, Werganza C.C., Cully. Quick check done of thermograph. Air thermograph not running but started again with sludging. Warm sunny afternoon, moderate breeze. No signs of torde. Night 11 P.M. Check box, too. No torde.
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E.L. Kaddum 1954 Buffo canorus (12) may 25 Peregoy mdw., 7300 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Marjama Co., Calif. Placed water thermograph in tub and left in meyer meadow 75 yards N of the road. Calibrated thermograph (Western Tag model) using my guide recording thermometer. Present temp. 1" below surface in very slowly moving 12" wide, 1 1/2" deep rivulet 26.1° C. at 4:25 P.M. (D.S.) Describe site later. The air thermograph on S side of road is once again functioning. Watch fluctuating at 4:40 P.M. since I shifted point, weather station now in cool, almost deep shade. may 26 Kaiser Peale Meadow, 8000 ft., 2 1/2 mi. NW of Kaiser Pass Summit, Fresno Co., Calif. Daylight crossing 4:45 P.M. from various shallow pools spread over the meadow. This meadow is large, about 1/4 mile long and slightly less wide. Clumps of Salix to 14' height are scattered over it, while the surrounding stands of timber are lodgepole to about 80 feet in height. The swollen stream menders through the length of the meadow which is SW-NE. The gentle gradient is to the NW SE. All the snow is melted except for patches at the meadow edges. Shallow standing water from large (1 to 50' diameter) pools at different points. Kodachrome slide # 1 (F.35 at 1/20th) will show one large pool. Picture taken facing SW with Kaiser Peaks in background. Water temp. in pool 50' across, max depth 6" in middle, was 14° C. at 6:02 P.M.
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E.L. Karlsten 1954 Bulfer conusa (13) May 26 Kaiser Park meadows, 8000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. air temp. 1" above wet grass, dull stable, 12.4 C. 6:05 P.M. (D.S.) water temp. taken 4' from pool's edge, 2" below pool's surface. meadow grasses average 1 1/2" inches tall with range 0-5". the overall meadow appears 1/3 greened out. The Salix lacks leaves but catkins are burnt and shedding pollen. leaf buds have appeared. water temp. 1" below surface of main stem, moving water, 6.20 C. at 6:23 P.M. (D.S.) Average width and depth of main stem is 16' wide, 15" deep. the banks are steep sided. The meadow is sandy loam. Trees and willows have been felled by the stream action. At the lower end (SW) of the meadow the stream cascades in very swift bursts through the pine forest. Rodent burrows are numerous in the soft meadow soil. Erosion here is evidenced by numerous cattle pies. Robins and white-crowned sparrows seen in meadow. Riva drylei adults at SW end along stem. Hydra most concentrated SW side of meadow in cattails, melt pools and slow-moving surface rivulets. At 6:23 P.M. (D.S.) I came upon 2 Bulfer conusa females in shallow run-off pool 30 yards from SW edge of meadow. Water 2" deep here. Both are remaining still 4' away while I write, clerical 14.2 C., water where she sat 13.5 C. Air 1" above water 8.5 C. I now see eggs spread over the grassy slightly silty bottom about 2" from where the female
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E.L. Kadettum 1954 Bufo canorus (14) May 26 Kaiser Peak meadows, 8000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. at. The eggs are bluish, small (1+ mm.), uncleaved, and spread out in strings over a bottom area of about 9 x 7 inches. Oh, the plot tickness! One of (the hood thereof) sticks out from under loose sod 6" from the egg mass. 4 ft another F and eggs spread over 3x5" area It seems very possible that the one or two survived both females. I squeezed the F's but got no more egg extrusion. Cloared temp: second F 14.0° C. 6:35 P.M. May 27 8:30 A.M. I killed and preserved both above F. They had been kept below freezing temperatures during the night and were covered with ice this A.M. Cloared temp. Both F when removed from jar 0.0° C But both showed fighting reflex and one walked slowly a few steps when prodded. Other animals also were exposed to sub-zero temperatures, I had no max-min thermometers with me but records of night-time temps. I recorded with Schultz's quick recording thermometer are these: Taken at under 0.2 mi. NFA Kaiser Pass Summit air 10:25 P.M. (D.S.) last night over window 3.1° C. " 10:50 " " " " " 1.5° C. " 11:15 " " " " over dry ground 1.0° C. " 7:15 A.M. " this A.M. " " -2.0° C. " 7:45 " " " " over meadow -2.0° C. " 7:58 " " " +1.0° C.
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E.L. Kabatkin 1954 Bufo canorus (15) May 27 0.2 mi. NW of Kaiser Pass Summit, El. 9200 ft. Fresno Co., Calif. I had my crinola in gore with water covering the bottom. This P.M. they were covered with ice, having been exposed to probable minimum temperatures of -4-5 degrees C. on top of the station wagon during the night. All animals survived including bullfrogs taken at about 5000 ft. The garter snakes collected near Shaver Lake, El. ) were apparently dead, but when I opened them up for preserving the hearts were still beating and I got a breathing reflex from one of them. One Bufo canorus had a dermal reading of 0.4° C. at 8:15 A.M. (D.S.) The other had -0.3° C. (as best as can be read from 0-50° C. Shultze's thermometer) Both showed nightly reflexes and one walked ploddingly for 8 inch distance over frozen ground. May 26 same locality, I went out last night between 4:15 - 11:15 P.M. (D.S.) and just about froze trying to get close to calling canorus. The first sounds recorded on Tope Roll #1, 9:50 P.M. are of a Bufo adult food being angulated by another male. This pair did not quit as I approached. She Bufo on the bottom dragged the other over the soggy meadow for a distance of about 8 feet during the 15 minutes I observed. Air temp. 1" above wet grass 3.1° C. at 10:25 P.M. Water temp. in shallow (½") surface melt 4.0° C. I tried unsuccessfully to approach other calling Bufo in vicinity but they and Hyla
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E.L. Kardatum 1954 Bufo coronus (16) may 26 0.2 mi. NW of Kaiser Pass Summit, Fresno Co., Calif. are extremely sensitive to my presence or even the sounds of trucks and cows a mile away. Finally I set up the machine near where I had heard and seen o>1/2. Tenge. Data follows: o> coronus adult 70 feet W of lodgepole pine border, body 1/2 immersed in water. Water temp (1/2" deep) at 10:30 p.m. (D.S.) 3.5° C. o> hovering on side of 3'x4
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E.L. Karstam 1954 Buffs (17) May 26 0.2 mi NW Kaiser Pass Summit, Fraser Co., Coly. this time so switeled in my herdmg presenring to pulling sticks, there were 3 adult Buffs within 25 feet of me, one 4 feet from me which was placed 15' from me out toward the center of the meadow. May 27 Same locality as above. Frost over everything this A.M. Temp. over frozen ground beside the car at 7:15 A.M. (D.S.) -2.0°C, no anemone calling from meadow, I had breakfast and then went out to check the meadow, no adult moles out in open. Water frozen except where its moving, 1/4" thick ice over still pools, I started turning over logs. One adult -> under pine (?) log located 25 yards W of pine forest margin. Burden piece of log 4'x9"x8". She -> was 3/4 the emmised in a pool measuring 6'x4'x3" deep. Air temp. 7:45 A.M. 1" above frozen ground - 6" from food -2°C. Blody hole from 50' lodgepole pines to east. Sun just filtering through, ice 1/4" thick on yards, above food had cleared temp. 1.8°C.; water in which it sat, the same. Replaced log over food (later check at 1 P.M. showed this small did moved out from under log - may have been one I type recorded calling.) Temp. under another log 5' from where food found 4°C. 1" deep pool unfrozen water beneath log, 7:58 A.M. (D.S.) I found ne juneval food under a curved rotted log 5'x6"x4". log situated under pine forest edge of meadow. Blade hole but 10%.
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Buffer corvus (18) May 27 0.2 mi. NW Kaiser Pass Summit, Fresno Co., Calif. filtering of sun's rays through pine canopy. Doggy meadow soil under log. Temp. under log beneath wood 2.4° C. Air temp. 1" above its position 1.6° C. meadow surface frozen here. Wood could right itself but otherwise did not respond to my prodding it. I returned to clean up my camp about 8:15 A.M. The corvus first started calling about 8:45 A.M. (D.S.) as the sun hit the meadow surface. Calls were intermittent and not rapid trills at first. I tried unsuccessfully to record some of the first calls but the owls would cease vocalization. Air temp (clouds cleared) 1" above ground 9:30 A.M. was 5° C. By 10:30 - 11:00 I was recording and did take air temp. until 11:15 A.M. at which time it was 11° C. over large meadow grass. The recorder was set in position about 45 feet W of of the edge of the lodgepole pines. I was able to move the whole works forward as time progressed. Sound of running water necessitated frequent placing the mike level on forked sticks. Some interference caused by gusts of wind. Robins, mountain chickadees, white-crested sparrow, scrub juncos provide some background clutter from stand of pines S of my position, where the forest projects out into the meadow.
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E.L. Karlstens 1954 Bulter cornus (14) may 27 0.2 mi. NW Kaiser Pass Summit, Fresno Co., Calif. While I was recording 11:48 A.M. I saw a large adult toad climbing across a snow drift 4 5' x 10'. It took her about 2 minutes to cover the 40 feet, and it was conical to watch from my crowded position her body aggering and disappering in the pockets of the very glazed surface. I caught her just as she ploged down into water. Her cloacal temp. 19 °C., surface of snow 3 2/3 ° C. Water into which she had dugged and remained 1/2 minute was 18° C. Apparently she had climbed out from pool at other end of snow patch. Temp there, also in about 3" water was 18.8° C. Earlier, about 11:30, I had seen an adult toad walk from shallow run-off pool to a deadfall 2 1/2' thick log and move under its edge. Log buried 3-4" deep in meadow sumps. At 12 noon I checked spot where I had seen the toad. Numerous (8) deperesive digs enough to house adult toads were (had been turned?) along but 7 feet of this 36' long deadfall. Temp. in one "burrow" 5.8° at 12:05 P.M. Oh, now I see the head of a toad. He lies in shade under log, can retract whole body as I move for him. Seems curious and comes out faster. Cloacal temp. 9.1° C. depression 7.8° C. Such retreat would offer excellent night - time refuge when meadow freezes. At 12:05 I hear a dead on calling toads (nothing disturbs them for long now!) My mike is set up 60' W of the NE pie first edge of the meadow, I
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E.L. Karsten 1954 Buffle crow (70) May 21 0.2 mi. N W Kaiser Pass summit, 9200 ft., From G, Cole was able to progressively move the mike forward toward the tool which now is but five feet from it. snow mike short gresses add melting runoff. Reeder lodgepole pines A-B distance 30' A-E " 40 A-F " 50' A-C " 75' A-D " 60' A-I [illegible] 40 feet all approximate. Other tools calling in distance, probably audible use to cover hundred yards. quiet Hydra or oxygen disturbed local area here. Good! It is relatively simple to induce a series of crowes with a good low whistling tool. I've walked all about these winds and still they call. How divine can these tools be? Water depth in pools between snow patches is up to 3" nearly all tools are setting in pools. C was on silted dead wood for a short period 11:30 A.M. Last 1/3 of tapes (Roll #1) will be of this call setup. [illegible]
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E.L. Kadstum 1954 Buffer canorus (21) g200ft may 27 0.2 mi. NW Kaiser Pass, Fresno Co., Caly. it. new moth or oggane 10 feet to my right as I sat crouched at the recorder. this individual (I) plus A and E seem to be the stars of a long (1 1/2 min) run. At its end I shouted Buffer canorus to indicate spot. Time 12:44 P.M. Wind picks up and interference noted. The mike lead is strung up along its length by forked sticks to keep it out of running (noisy) water. (I) is quiet this last run. A, D, + E seem to shine but B is still the star. 1/4 (A) moved 8 feet to the SW of the mike, facing other direction. (I) come in last 30 seconds of tape. I fadded volume down toward end to give good background for clearing commercial. Air temp 1:04 P.M. 1" above wet meadow 16.2° C. Toads still hied at it. Clover temp (B) at 1:10 P.M. 24.4° C. 2" deep water in which it sat 23.1° C. Air temp 2" above water where toad called 14.5° C. (bull not dodged) Clover temp. of animal near (C) probin 25.4° C. Air 1" above sappy ground -18.4° C. 1:15 P.M. The male stands almost vertical when calling as vociferously as toad A did. He seemed effected by the other calls (?) and would rear up give a call or a few secs, and then walk forward a half foot and rear upz again. The vocal sac is whitish, oval and bridges out a good 1/2 inch on a large o?. 2:25 P.M. The canorus
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E.L.Kardstam 1954 Bulfo carorus (22) may 27 O.2 mi. NW Kaiser Pass, 9200 ft. are still calling. There is a definite triggering effect of one call on others. I approached me -> to within 4 feet. The color phase is deep olive green-brown as in that of other males seen. The whole body appears to quiver during the call. Body 1/4 immersed in water, 2:40 P.M. Mother -> seen walking over surface of a dry 6'x5'x6", at plopped into nearby pool 8" deep like froglet style when I approached. This behavior noted many of the adult toads if a larger pool of water is available. Otherwise, they can lose quite rapidly (for a toad) cleaning 6" of ground per leap. The entire meadow area is a contrast in brown and white, snow covering 2/3 rds of it. I ascended SE up to the upper parts. Tenje. man stream (snow all around it) 16.4° C. 2:50 P.M. No Rana seen and few Bufo adults calling. Mild sunny afternoon. A few Bufo can be heard calling intermittently from the upper part of the meadow. In a shallow (to 6") runoff pool 150' across I came on an adult F. Quiescent in 2" water, only eyes above surface. Surround 18.9° C.; water same. Air above pool (shaded-shaded) 17.5° C. & overigus. Snow depth in meadow to 2 1/2' maximum. Free of snow around borders and where the larger streams and runoff pools have formed.
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E.L. Kadatum 1954 Bufo canorus (23) May 27 Kaiser Park Meadow, 8000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. 4:00 p.m. One juvenile toad (3/4" long) found crawling over drier surface of meadow. Surface temp. 17o C. This is first young toad live seen out in the open. Position is 60 yards from nearest pine stand to the S.W. A second larger but juvenile toad collected, this one 20 yards from pine stand, active on grass surface. I scouted almost the whole meadow. Only after eggs seen were seen to three gotten with F's 1/2 yesterday. 2 separate bundles 3' apart. Both had white clouded defunct eggs, about 60% vitality. Eggs on bottom of shallow 2" deep pool, grassy bottom, temp. of water 26o C. at 4:30 p.m. Too high afternoon temps. may have killed eggs off (1^2) May 28 En route Huntington Lake - Yosemite. In checking my amphibole I noted that F canorus adult had laid 30-40 eggs. Time 12:30 p.m. I placed these separately in a vial of fresh stream water. Last night at 10:70 p.m. I checked Bogger Flats east of road leading to Kaiser Pass Summit from Huntington Lake. Some fairly level meadow-like area here with melt-off water to 3" depth. No signs of any canorus vocal or actual. Parayng Meadow, 1300 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, margina Co, Checked weather station 2:00 p.m. Air thermograph had run until yesterday A.M. I reset and left it running. Present 66o F. Air now-mis. 70-24. Reset. Soil now-mis.
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E.L. Kolstun 1954 Bullos canosa (24) may 28 Beregy meadow, 7300 ft., Yoz. Notte Park. neale 6/7-28. Present 63° F. Reset ord upored with mosquitoes are plaguing me bee for the first time this spring. Soil temps. 0"-2½°, 6"-11.5° C.; 12"-10°; 18"-8.5° 24"-8.0° C. Nor snow patches visible south side of the road. Meadow grasses average 4" range 2-8" Small white wildflowers to 1" height. Ground around station moist but not saturated. Moisture can be squeezed from it. More open parts of meadow S of road drier. Solid underfooting over most all of area except for stream margins. Water temp. 1" deep surface run-off 25 yards W of station 17.8° C. at 2:10 P.M. (D.S.) Temp. main rivulet 22.6° C. at spot previously recorded. Bozy sun, no [illegible] breeze. Water thermometer upper meadow working well but may be reading 2° high. Calibrate end of week's run. Snow all melted except for tiny patches now under the pines. Plenty run-off water upper meadow. Adult Bassa (3) seen but no eggs yet. May 24 I checked meadows near Tinrock Flot Road junction with Trigle Road (Yngy. 120), and are 2.8 road miles from Crane Flot Ranger Station, Nor fooda or eggs seen. White Wolf Mdw., 8400 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Merced Co., Calif. 12 pm. Hyla clorwery. I chirped in my best canous forskin ad got a sputtering response from a rock bird. He called but twice and after that I couldnt induce more calls, ad didn't find the animal.
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E.L. Kardstun 1954 Butter cinnna (25) may 29 white wolf mdrw., 8400 ft., Y.N.P., mariposa Co., Calif. This is not open meadow. Scattered lodgespole pines and dwarf willows (?) not budded out. Snow drifts cover 1/4 of meadow area. Floor of meadow overall brownish color of dead grasses. New grass spotty but to 4" some areas. Rare bogoler adults and egg clusters. Mat eggs uncovered. Air temp. (bulb shaded) 1° above dead meadow grass 14.50c. at 12:44 p.m. Water in pool of running water 17.40c. Paregnie Flat, 1950 ft., Y.N.P., mariposa Co., Calif. No signs of canines except a few Rara in the creek. Possible census area is down about 0.2 mi. E of public campground. Paregnie Creek Campground another possibility. 8100 ft. Snow Flat, 8700 ft., not checked but should be good locality. Snow depth here up to 2 feet. Taraya Lake high will water. Turned on to Tuolumne meadows, 5400 ft. (See ground for additional notes on other sites) it would appear that cold night temps. are keeping foods down in areas above. Fairly extensive energy mode of good food sites. Only mole took land was at white wolf meadow.
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E.L. Kardum 1954 Bufo canorus (26) may 30 Tuolumne mtns., 8600 ft., Yosemite National Park, margosa cr., Calif. Down SW of campground about 1/2 mile. Air temp 8:01 p.m. (D.S.) 5.5°c. Water temp. Shallow (max 4") 75 feet wide pool 14.6°c. Meadows free of snow but a few scattered patches around campground under pine canopy. Pines and stems all high. The meadows are even less than half greened out. New green grass averages 3" tall but rises to 5-6". Very open meadows here cut by many stem drainages. Lodgepole pine dominant forest tree. Small conifers (single trunks) to 8" height. <deer-like head> The melt-off water matte of dead leaves here (1 1/2 miles SW of Tuolumne) can form large shallow pools up to 200 yards length. Clocked meadow just W of store at Tuolumme. Nothing there. Inigo Pass Ranger Station, 9950 ft., Tuolumne Co., Calif Locality just W of Ranger Station still 1/4 covered by snow to 2' thick. Meadows further W along Road even more snow, 1/2 covered. Hygro (few) calling but wary from under grass. Air temp 1" above shiny grass 1.5°c. at 8:55 p.m. Water temp in 1 1/2" deep runoff 3.1°c. I listened for long period and called canorus style. No crickets heard or picked up with hardwire. Grasses just starting to grow, less than 1" tall. Apparently this area as well as Tuolumne not right now for Bufo emergence. But why at Kaiser Pass under
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E.L. Kardstrom 1954 Bufo canorus (27) May 30 what appears to be similar environmental conditions? June 1 .2 miles W of Donna Pass Summit, 8900 ft., Incline Co., Coly. 3 p.m. (D.S.) most of area described by Joe Brown as good habitat is under snow. (See journal for slides taken of area). The dwarf willow growth, however is free of it, and seeps water runs thru the lower areas. The 40° and steeper canyon slope to the S and SE has a full pack of snow probably drifted up to 4' thickness, although a few higher spots are bare. Patches of snow are left up under the ledge side pines to the E. The stem is very high and loaded by thick snow accumulation. Air temp. 3:32 p.m., look slided, up under scattered pines over line, dry ground 13.2° C. The wind approaches gale velocity most of the time. It has already torn off sheet from my notebook. Wildflowers on slopes have to 3-4". The dwarfed willow is just commencing to burst its buds. June 3 Mono (?) Meadow, 7100 ft., Y.N.P., Mariposa Co., Calif. 8 p.m. Evening check of at least part of this meadow (1.5 miles E of Peavoy). Plenty of surface melt water covering a third of this elongated (200 yds x 75 yds) section. Slow deep creek runs thru it. Crosses to 8". Dodderstem in bloom, 6" tall. One Rana collected. No amphiuma calls of any kind, yet this appears to be favorable Hyla and Bufo habitat. Mt. chickadee and screech owls heard in pine woods.
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E.L. Karlatum 1954 Buto carurus (28) June 3 Peregray meadow, 7300 ft., Y.N.P., Maysara Cr., Calif. arrived here 8:40 P.M. (D.S.) last evening glow at this time. Hylya audible from far northern end of meadow N of road. I sat in the car with windows open. 8:50 p.m. A single tree frog started calling 30 yards N of the road. more joined in. I waited in the car a full 15 minutes before starting a night check of the meadow north of the road. Air temp. 1
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Karlstam 1954 Bulter cornuz (29) June 12 Paring meadow, 7300 feet, Yosemite Natl. Park, Mergern Co., Calif. Air max-min 6:45 p.m. (D.S.) 60-21° F. present temp 41° F. Soil max-min 59-27°; present 42° F. Ford thamygus working well, but Taylor air thamygus oven stopped after but about 16 hours operation from last setting. Will bring it down to Valley for cleaning. Meadow saturated now after drivng rain of this afternoon. Shallow (to 2") pools everywhere in meadow at low spots. Creek high. Temp. running water 8.6° C. at 6:52 p.m. (D.S.) Robin, Brewer's blackbird, Sturna juncos active in meadow. Steller's Jay, mountain chickadee feed in lodgepole pine. Pottes of blue sky dry 7 p.m. June 18 Meadow SE side Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft. Twovolume Co., Calif. 1:15 p.m. Check made of this food locality bright sunny afternoon. Westerly wind sting. Air temp. 1" above meadow grasses 19.1° C at 1:21 p.m. made foods bend calling from vicinity of roads 130 yards SE of Park Entrance. Bob House, Berger at the Tioga Station, has been on duty a week (probably their first EVK) and reports the trailing of foods since he came. Snowed 8 inches last Wednesday. Melted within a day. 4 miles snow on Friday but melted off by noon. Rain at Twovolume meadows instead of snow but snow at Snow Flot region where drains were required. 1:55 p.m., I walked over about 200 yards SE of Station. Small lake here running N and S, current-stayed 120 yards x 75 yards.
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E.L. Karathan 1954 Bufo canorus (30) June 18 200 yards SE Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9920 ft., Tuolumne Co., Coly. Lake drops off to 2 1/2' depth on W side. matted down grasses right to edge and shot through underneath with mice (micotus?) lemmings. Two juvenile frogs taken here, are immediately took cover beneath matted cover as I approached it. Mossy, soggy mat beneath meadow grasses along lake edge. Adult F seen right at edge of lake. 2:05 P.M. (DS.) In full sunlight but half submerged in water. Resting on surface of grass clumps. Choral temp. 23.5° C. Water temp. 3 1/4
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June 15 200 yards E Tsiiga Boss Ranger Station, 9900 ft., Private National Park, Tuolumne Co., Calif. Recordings attempted at deepest of lakes in area. 9:15 P.M. (D.S.) This is sure pond I collected female and young frogs by this afternoon. Two (>) canorus hand calling, one on E ad one on W side of lake. First (Toga #2) 1 1/2 (?) minutes of Hyler with toad coming in from 50 yards across lake. Neither toad trilled from 9:15- 10:15 P.M. but gave sporadic long series of notes, each series lasting 8-13 seconds. I would estimate about 3 notes per second. Temp. 10:05 P.M. 2" above damage, dead grass -0.1°C. Water temp at edge of lake where 1 1/2' deep, 2" below surface 15°C. I could not get close to either male toad. They cease calling when I get within 10-20 yards of them. My mincing them may start their calling but not consistently. One young or female frogs seen during check 2/3 rds way around edge of lake. First frog actually seen 10:25 P.M. at edge of another large pond about 150 yards SE Station. In shallow water, a depression in sand 14" from deeper (14") water of pond. Measured 12.6°C. Water 9.8°C. Suspect toad located eye by my hand during taking of temperature. I had hand are adult (>) a half hour earlier from this vicinity. Toad calls came through well only when Hyler eased eye. Air temp 3.8°C. at this pond edge. Ended night check 10:50 P.M.
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E.L. Kardstun 1454 Bulfer corurus (32) June 18 2.4 road miles E of Tuolumne meadows, [illegible] ft. Tuolumne Co., Calif. 10:55 P.M. I found one medium-sized ? on road. Clear temp. 11.10C. Surface of road 12.5°C. Air temp 6
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E.L. Kalstein 1954 Bufo canorus (33) June 19 200 yards NE Tierra Posz Ranger Station, Mono Co., Calif. to 3" height but average 2" and 1/3 greened out. At 10:12 I heard adult toad 40 yards to SW of my position on N side of pond. It gave but one trill lasting about 9 seconds. Other 5/2 heard from large deeper pond to NE of me 100 yards. Will set up recorder edge of this pond. Fairly open stands of lodgepole pine border this section of meadow area. Distance between forest 80 yards across the pond decided. Snow lumps on north facing 20° sloping hillslopes are to 1 1/2' maximum thickness. They are scattered and minimum size 40 yards long x 20 wide. By 10:35 I heard at least 5 male toads calling within 100 yards of my position near the pond. Recorded male 10:45 A.M. (D.S.) I had to induce calling by a toad about 25 feet from mine. He breaks in first minute of those due to my switching machine to "plug" position, giving a call, and then trying response by toad. Tenge. 11:10 A.M. 1" above meadow, built shaded, 20.9° C. Toad now calling from middle of pond described. Recorder set up S side of meadow near snow lumps a meadlet. Eggs at B position seem to be strung out over 3 foot area right up to edge of pond. Estimate 1/3 toads hatched out. "Eggs in late reedula a tad tend stages fairly. 1/16 of undeveloped (unhatched) eggs are apparently deformed,
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E.L. Kardatum 1954 Bufo canorus (34) June 19 NE side Tioga Pass Ranger Station, Mono Co., Calif. sense with given ideal growth. It is apparent that toads at this early stage tend to remain in area where eggs were laid. Two sites of egg deposition are 20 feet apart and could represent two females. Four scattered toads between sites of egg deposition. Water temp. when eggs laid (in full sun) 26° C. at 11:25 A.M. and must reach 30° at least by afternoon. 11:40 A.M. I recorded calls from S edge of meadow, slowly moving seep water due to 1" depth. No less than 5 males within 20 yards of my position. Crosses to 8-10 inches, brown. [sketch] The toads B & C love repeatedly tried anglepuses, in spite of release notes given - a softer trial. -> on top often gives dead full trial. They quite violently reversed positions once. now at 11:54 A.M. The Two are 3 feet in front of me in final pectral anglepus position. lower toads walking forward, scopes, and try 10 with deeps the aggressor again climbs on him. They separate and top toad immediately starts calling in series with A & D. then the one of B & C combination finds F and continues anglepuses with similar results. I
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"[illegible]". I'm just, [illegible] and [illegible]. I'll let [illegible] in it. Going [illegible] for sure now or never. It's but after that with the whole [illegible] for a while now. I had some other work already, just keeping going for long times as my interest goes by. We wanted that business and so on (no doubt). Just [illegible] right then. And that to "of course" how he did it. It's quite a way of doing between 2 in A till [illegible] that?; it said that you from [illegible], return to taking up for [illegible] as well, plan I will and not [illegible]. And around 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 and so on further , [illegible] but [illegible] this smaller for those in go. [illegible] after a while. back and with other stuff was... I'm writing because I know this will help be good in that it can not do me still to see much more, either similar or better, but in the end even if I get her request, though follow her things got used as well. So no more nonsense then since my jitters state, [illegible] best yet. - definitions: 2D by an [illegible], O + A
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E.L. Karsten 1954 Bufo canorus (35) June 19 NE side Tuoga Pass Ranger Station, Mono Co., Calif. now see eggs in bottom, mostly hidden by silt, where B's C had been. Water depth less than 1", average 1/2". Eggs to tail bud stage, none hatched into tadpoles. These live margin of the shallows, and are spread no more than 2-3 deep over area 4 feet x 12 miles. Water temp for 12:03 P.M. (D.S.) 23.5° C. in full sun. Air temp some twice 3" over dense grass 18.8° C. (hills shaded) Spacing of the adult >7/2 averages about 25 feet though, as mentioned, they do come right in contact. As I now write, A is in same position as before, E is 8 feet from end of mile and either C or D is 10 feet east of E. Apparently N A has been triggered E by food further off and has started E, C joining in right after. Sequence may be reversed. Point is that one C will act as definite stimulus to others. Some situation as at Kuen Pass. I was 2 feet from C taking these notes. If I stood up he stopped calling, 12:14 P.M. Another 3/3 complex involving A and other food which apparently were in view and I overlooked. Short dove-like notes are given, 3 or 4 at a time, as release notes. At 12:15 I walked wider in area. They are louder to see size as I walk near any of them doing themselves in the silt of the pond bottoms. At 12:42 P.M. I came on a shallow
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E.L. Karlstun 1954 Bufo canorus (36) June 19 NE side of Triega Pass Ranger Station, Mono Co., Calif. pool over 20 yards SW of deadfall at N margin of my study area. Shallow, to 2" depth, with scattered reeds to 6" height. One ov & angling pair here and no less than 5 other males within one 10 feet square. Water temp. when pair lays 22½° in sun at 12:45 P.M. (O.S.) Pair collected and separated. Other males collected same procedure. Mud very bad, and toads conceal themselves in it. I made check round other meadow ponds and potholes. One shallow (to 4") pool had toad today developed out and active. Water temp. 32° C. 1:15 P.M. Toads same size as those collected earlier today. June 21 Peaugy Meadow, 7300 ft., Y.N.P., Mono Co., Calif. 4:15 P.M. (O.S.) I closed chart on water thermo- graph. No air thermometer in operation. Hot sunny afternoon. The meadow area grasses gone to greenish-yellow, average height 5", range 3-10. Dordecuthem new 6" tall; Penicullus also blooming at 4" high. Non shady margins the Frigilla blossomed out. Clover and a yellow sunflower also in bloom now. The water level in main meadlet reduced about ½ from few weeks ago. However, seepage flows continue W side of meadow, and thermal unit still submerged where I have water thanograph. Thermograph 22 yards E of small lodgepole pines lining meadow. It is 8 yards W of main meadlet. Thermal element is in slow moving flow (" below surface in loose silty orga
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L. Kardium 1954 Bufo canorus (37) June 21 Boggy meadow, 7300 ft., Y.N.P., Mariposa Co., Calif. width of rivulet here 10-12". Flow comes in from many directions. This is approximate position where toads taken. Distance to road 90 yards S. Meadow drier than ever before, only soggy in lower sections. Insects numerous - lady bugs, flies. Max- min. air 4:30 P.M. (D.S.) 88-28° F. Present 78° F. in shade. Soil max-min. 85-32° F. Present 74° F. Surface - 22°C. Water temp. in rivulet W of 6" - 19°C Weather station 4:50 P.M. (D.S.) 12" - 16.2°C. 25°C. (drill shod) Dwarf 18" - 15.5°C. Willow leafed out & catkins 24" - 11.0°C. Balf developed. June 28 Same locality. Check made for canorus at meadow 6900 ft. about 3/4 mile N of boggy meadow, toads only. Air max-min. 84-31° F. Present 69° F. Soil " " 83-34° F. " 65° F. July 10 Meadow at start of 21-mile Tioga mine road, 8300 ft., Tuolumne Co., Calif. Plenty of running and standing water here. Rana adult and large tadpoles present. Also toads (to 3/4" body length) seen. Wildflowers blooming - monkey flowers, shooting stars "lark-spurs", Phloxalin, asters. No sign of toads any form. Seems a good locality but lack of open low grass meadow area may be a factor. 4 adult yellow-legged frogs taken.
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E.L.Kadation 1954 Buffy conurus (38) July 10 150 yds. E Tioga Base Ranger Station, 9900 ft. woro Co., Calif. Adult moles active. One in open grass 2-8" tall ad scattered. Shallow drying rivulet bed. Muddy area with standing pools. clover temp. 28.2° C. at 3:44 P.M. (D.S.) Ori temp. (bulls shodded) 1" above wet ground 19.5° C. Tods in shallow ditch with silty bottom, <1" deep; temp of water 28.50 C. We find where I observed eggs & tods 3 weeks ago is now at most 4" deep in middle though about the same the same area. Toda were spread over yard then before. Single toder, water temp. 31.4° C. at point where toda swimming in 1½" water. Silty bottom. Cross 10-12" above water surface. Some juvenile tods collected here. No calling of adult moles, very wiridy up on knolls but quite still in lower meadow areas. Mosquitoes thick and ferocious ad we without my 6-12. Some lucidities. Brief evening check 8:30-9:00 P.M. no adult or<> calling but scattered mole Taylor chirps. Breeding of conurus seems to be through at this time. The water level of large pools remains about the same but shallow runoffs ad pools are dry or about ½ reduced in flow. My [illegible] thermeter found broken in its case due to some joining of it, so no temperature records this evening. Cool, in 50's by 9:00 P.M.
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Bifur conora (39) mon Co, Coli July 11 200 yards E Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft. 10:15 A.M. (D.S.) meandering drying up seep flow over 20 yards of grassy open meadow. Average depth of water ½-¾" but some pockets to 1½". The tubedies are spread out over wide area when water deep enough. Maximum width of seepgage flow 4' across. Bottom loose & silty. The tuba tend to congregate in deeper pockets but no more than about 50 seen at any one spot. No algal development visible to me, but the tube seem to be grazing on detritus of surface layer of bottom silt. They tend to face switward against what little current there is. All these tubes probably (?) came from one mated pair which lived after my last visit here. The water was a few inches deep then. Now there is no snow left on N facing slope 50 yards to S of her. In fact only snow seen was 1' x 3' remnant in bottom of small gulley 75 yards NE of Ranger Station. Isolated snoll (about 100 feet across) patches are left on N facing slope of mt. Dana. These should not last a week. The larger ponds (lobes) in area are full but smaller meadow pools are going fast. Bob's house at Ranger Station reports relatively warm night temps. Last week, The tubes described above show no hind limb development. It is doubtful that they will live time to emerge. Evidence points to a
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E.L. Kodatum 1954 Bulfo canorus (40) July 11 NE Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft., Mono Co., Calif. high canorus tadpole mortality or with dragon in Parente Valley due to drying out of breeding pools. mosquitoes strike again today. sky clear and sunny and a brisk southerly breeze. adult >></> canorus collected along with Rana and small adult stylos. juvenal frogs out & active in seepage areas. Most appear to be 1-year old. I did not hear my male frogs calling between 10-11 today. many adults and juvenals collected. the females taken were subadult, possibly breeding 3-year olds. The ratio of adult >></> to ?? still 10:1 in meadow areas covered. 2 miles W of Sierra Pass Summit, 8800 ft., Tuolumne Co., Calif. check made here 2-3 P.M. sunny, clear skies and very strong westerly wind. downy particles on highest peaks but the large patch S & SE of the meadow has melted. Running or standing water only at lowest areas where willows (to 5') border SE side of Verdun Creek. Creek itself 1/3 to 1/2 of former (June 1) size and readily gotten across. I found no signs of frogs at all in area. Water to 2-3" deeps some low spots under willows but few available good breeding sites. Rana boyleri found in rivulets. Wildflowers at peak - western blue flag, brotweed, lupins, gilein, forget-me-not, arbled penateum, etc. Another low meadow area about
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E.L. Karlstam 1954 Bufo canorus (4) July 11 W side of Smara Pass, Twinlums Co., Colif. 1/2 mile W down Hwy 108 proved almost dry. more wildflowers but no amphibiis. The available toad breeding sites are almost all dried up in this area. I suspect that the this year toad populations are foregoing breeding at site where Joe Corn had observed adults near willows last year in vicinity of the willows last year.
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E.L. Kardatum 1954 Bufo canorus (42) July 16 Yosemite museum, Yosemite Valley, Calif. While feeding the reptiles this morning I noted a case of apparent natural protection afforded the Yosemite toad [?] by its poison glands (?). I placed an adult [?][?] in cage with about 6 garter snakes, both T. elegans couchi and T. elegans elegana. Three became interested in the toad as soon as it hopped along the floor of the cage. Two moved forward as if to strike but wereed away after their flickering tongues came within [1/2]" or so from the food. This happened 4-5 times involving different snakes. I then placed an adult Ryla in the cage and within a minute it had been taken by one of the mountain garter snakes. Two days ago a 20" mountain garter snake took an adult Para boylei without hesitation. July 21 Photographed young adult and subadult toads trying out new portrait attachment on my Argus. Background moss from Sentinel meadows. See separate sheet for exposure records. July 23 While cleaning water in golden jugs holding a series of Tioga boss toads, I noted a pair in orgelexus. Body length of [?][?] 32 mm. Definite greenish-yellow male coloration. Body length of ?? 50.2 mm. Pair removed to separate dish away from other 3 subadult toads in with them. Pair segreated during process.
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E.L. Karstensa 1954 Bufo canorus (43) Aug. 1 Peregry mdr., 7300 ft., Y.N.P., Mariposa Co., Calif. max-min (air) 11:45 A.M. 88-46° F. Great 78° F. No flowing water in rivulet but bottom of rivulet has some shallow pools. Upper meadow has no standing water. Queen Anne's lace predomint flower blooming, to 12
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E.L. Karlstun 1954 Bufo communis (44) Aug. 2 200 yards E of Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft. moro Co., Calif. Low areas of seepage described last time now show a few to metamorphosed Toad young. Most tadpoles are still in the very shallow <1" silty pools. The water is fresh and shows slight movement, however. The toad swim right through the silt when disturbed but at this time they usually lie motionless on top of it. The emerged toads have a body length of about 11-12 mm. One had a 3 mm. tail stumps. Water temp. 12:05 P.M. (D.S.) in 1/2" deep moving flow where tods present 28.5° C. Air temp. here the same. One-year old toads numerous over boggy grassy meadow here. 19ln adults also taken in gravases. Single to tad collected here. One pint of surfaff 2' wide (in place, dry other) with depth <1/2" had 6 dead toad tods in 4' of its length. All the dead had tails at least 8 mm. long. These apparently had not quite metamorphosed and could not quite move out of water. Adult male toads out but not calling. Rana boylii also taken along those silty shallows. Photos taken with Voigtloder 4x5 in Plus-x. #6 facing N with meadow in foreground where young toads taken. Time 1:30 P.M. (D.S.) 1/100th at F12, male toad bend 50 yards N of my position at this time. A feeble low still of 3-4 seconds duration, repeated
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E.L Karlstam 1954 Bufo canorus (45) Aug. 2 Tioga Pass, 9920 ft., Inyo Co., Calif. 3-4 times in 2 minutes. #7 plus-x a close-up of shallow run-off where Bufo tode present. Degoll (max.) 1" deep. F10 at 1'/sott. #8 a shot of lake 300 yards E of Ranger Station. Lake 30 yards wide, 6" to 2' deep at edges but about 5 feet deep middle. Seepage flow into it, water clear. Dully bottom. 2:05 P.M. Adult male toad saw from edge to the bottom of the pool 4' from edge. Depth 2' here. It curiously assumed an upright position, legs on bottom, forelimbs spread apart and remained so for 2 minutes. Then it returned again to the banks and remained at water surface, head 1/2 out of water. Water level in lake but no signs of canorus toads. 15yen toads at shallow margin of lake. Emerged Bufo toads in seepage flow over E side of it. Few toads still on < 1" deep seepage water. The overall picture of the meadow is similar to that noted 3 weeks previous. The grasses and sedges are to 16" height. Meadow flowers now in bloom are mountain asters and daisies, whirled perstoma, low (to 3") monkey flowers, few shooting stars, buttercups, bratweed. The swung onion is in full bloom in clumps along the rivulets, to 2' height. Clumps of dwarf willow to 6' height on N facing slope of draw. Cathine duging up. Only very small sewer patches noted on n-facing slopes of Dana
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ELKadstrom 1954 Bufro corum (-16) Aug. 2 Tucson Pass, 9120 ft., new Co., Calif. and other peaks, as only half dozen of these are visible. Freeze flow in meadow holds up, but some of past week or so partially recognizable. Day foggy 2-3 P.M. with thin clouds covering 1/3 of sky. Sting wind from SW holds up, mosquitoes not bothersome until about 3 P.M. when sun partially obscured. Spiders very numerous in frosty areas where toads plentiful. These may be a main source of food ?. Deer dung noted as well as tracks of doe and fawn in mud. Clear tracks of small canid (coyote?) and mice. Meacutes drawn away grasses. In larger pond described a month ago (eggs first observed here) no signs of toads or emerged toads. Hydn took a tiny metamorphosed larva only. It seems that Bufro shift right away from breeding site, whereas Hydn remain near water (and had luck for it when disturbed) for longer period. Aug. 15 Sunrise Lake, [illegible] ft., miles of Teraya Lake, Tuslome Co., Calif. Fishing trips up here. Hiked down Taraya Creek (now dry) and eastward over ridge to the lake. Pads left in stream bottom below Taraya lake. Hydn finds only - tiny larva 3/4". The lake itself contained no tadpoles, and I found no adult amphibians. Like a depression in gnite slope. Efflorents slope of granite to east of the lake. Drake's mutewcher, who-crowled
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E.L. Kallstrom 1954 Buffy cornus (47) Aug. 15 Sunrise Lake, ft., Tuolumne Co., Calif. sparrows, Diana ginsces, robins seen in vicinity. Small meadow area would like still moist. Willow, juniper edge gassy area. This would appear to be cornus habitat but lack of ready access into the lake area may have kept toads out. Steep 30° slope up to lake from Terry Creek valley below. Aug. 30 200 yards NE Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9900 ft., Mono Co., Calif. Check y meadow area here. Sky about 30% light, thin cumulus type clouds. Sun 50% normal intensity when partially observed by clouds. Wind 25-30 m.p.h. from south thru a.m. (D.S.) the Pass. Tenye. (bulls shaded) at 10:15 1" above dampish meadow mud 14.9° C. Overall appearance of meadow is greenish-yellerow to brown as the annual sedges and grasses are dying up. Swamp- onion is dried up, along with oates, daisies. One flower still in bloom, 4 inches high, tubular bell shaped flower. The rivulet leading North-east through the meadow is still flowering. Mainmin- water depth is 4 inches. At its lower end the formerly swampy breeding area is 9/10 dried up, but some shallow puddles (to 2" depth) and damp muddy areas left. 10:50 a.m. Small recently metamorphosed and one year old toads found in moist depressions. A one year old in ?nicotia runway under 1"
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EL Kalsturn 1954 Bulfro coromuz (48) Aug.30 200 yards NE Tioga Bass Berger Station, 9920 ft. nwo Co., Coly. of ash. Temperature 12.2 C. Three r.m. toadlets about one cm. long on damp surface 4 ft. wide open patch of earth. Sedges to 18" surrounding dry sink hole. Dark toads match beautifully with wet dark brown humus soil. Moisture can be rolled out of ball of soil when pressed between fingers. Surface tempera- ture 11:00 a.m. in sun where toads were 20.6 C. larger shallow (to 4" depth) ponds on northeast side of meadow where carous eggs just dis- covered is same size. No tadpoles present. Grasses to 14" throughout pond. Water temperature 13.2 C. 1" below surface. Young tree-frogs numerous in grassy area. In most grassy areas of the meadow very few young toads out at this time. Spiders and grand opers abundant. Adult male Toad spotted at edge of rivulet bank. Mossy damp area, shaded. Tood moved under overhang of 16" high ditch. Temperature 16.5 C. at soil surface in shade. Closeal temp. 14.4 C. "Pond" 200 yards E of Berger Station, 9930 ft. Adult ?T toad at edge of this lake 120 yards long and 70 yards wide. Depth about 10' (?) middle and 1-2 feet edges. Sides steep, a sink-hole type of lake. Bottom silty. Grasses all around scattered pines surrounding but not at lake edge. Toad in sun at edge of lake.
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EL Kalaturn 1954 Bufor cornus (49) Aug. 30 200 yards NE Tioga Pass Ranger Stn., 9920 ft., Mono Co. Bank face 14" but level muddy spot near water's edge. clearal 12:35 p.m. (D.S.) 20.1° C. Air temp. at mud surface (in sun) 20.3° C. Active large adult. Wedded into water as I grabbed for her. Previously I've noted this behavior, in runlets as well as lakes. Adult made 10 feet north of 7. In sun on wet mud on dry grasses. Clearal 12:45 p.m. 23.5° C. Air same in sun over mud. Note darker coloration this male. Apparently toads have some blending abilities. yellow to green on grasses - previously noted.
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EL Kalstrom 1954 Bufo curreus summary of field data on development at Trigga Pass, 9920 ft., Mono Co., Calif. June 1 - calling. June 19 - eggs and recently hatched out toads. July 10 & 11 - tadpoles collected but apparently none metamorphosed. Series of juveniles 16-26 mm. (1-yr. old) collected along with subadult and adult toads. August 2 - tadpoles (large developed) and metamorphosed toads just beginning emerge from water. August 30 - many n.m. toads minus tail stumps. no tadpoles in water. Egg deposition probably end of first week in June. Metamorphosis began about middle of July. Probable times below: Eggs laid - (5-10 days) - hatching - (20-35) metamorphosis
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ELK Arletum 1954 Bufo coccinus (SO) Oct. 15 Preserved adults from Aug. 30th Tioga Pass Collection. Some reproductive notes: ELK # 369 ♀ L= Egg mass fills abdominal cavity but no swelling of it noted externally. Ovary largely congested of black "eggs" 1-1.5 mm. diameter, but hundreds of cream-colored follicles ≈ 0.5-0.8 mm. diameter scattered among black eggs. Oviducts < 2 mm. width, highly coiled, and lacking any eggs. medium sized golden- colored fat body this female. Some Tioga ♀'s may not have deposited eggs this season (?) since I found evidence of possibly 3-4 females having laid. These appear to be in process of developing new (1955) crop of eggs. ELK # 363 → L= Ovary reproductively a potential breeder. LT = 6.5 mm. BT = 7.2 mm. Fat bodies shriveled to some degree. Color cream-colored & opaque - ovary dispersed.
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ELKadation 1954 Buffo erous (51) Oct. 16 100-200 yards NE Tioga Base Ranger Station, 9920 ft., Mono Co., Calif. Arrived at locality 2:20 P.M. Cold-like winds from S to SE over pass. Sky mostly clear but with few Cumulus-stratus clouds. Air temp. 2:25 P.M. 6° drove guss 14.20 C. Water temp. in 2' wide rivulet in which 6-8 adult Sira seen 11.80 C. Meadow area gathering frods before now oyscore barren of them. One muddy sink hole 4x6' surrounded by 14-18" dry gresses bed surface of mud temp. 19.1° at 2:35 P.M. In full sun and partially protected from cold wind by hill 20 yards S. This area had numerous young active frods Aug. 30th. Cold night temperatures are indicated by frozen mud under guss clumps edges at N side of rivulet. Ice crystals down to 2" deepth certain spots. Water temp. long deep (to 5-10') frost hole 50 yards NE of meadow locality drove 9.7° C. at 2:55 P.M. Air temp. 2" drove guss edge of sink (bulls slided) 4.5° C. 3:00 P.M. No sign of frods, young or adult. On this typical sunshing day the air temp now should be close to maximum for the day. Evidence suggests that erous have hibernated. Only a half dozen or so spiders seen on meadow guss and mud surface compared to hundreds seen Aug. 30 and before. Dick Russell probably saw a lace-wing? skimming surface of sink. Otherwise, no grasshoppers or other air-borne insects out. Meadow gresses all dried out along with flowers,
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El Kalstern 1954 Bufus cronus (52) Oct. 16 Tioga Pass meadow, 9920 ft. Crosses to 16" height and higher margins of sink-holes where loose of shoots greenish. Dwarf willow leaves dry and falling. The meadow bottoms have obviously seen seepage due to full rains since water level rose an inch or two from August 30th. No snow in Sierra yet this fall, although frosts had first during past week.
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Kalstern 1954 B. Camozz (53) Tioga Pass weather records. Oct. 16 maximum-min. thermometer vertically placed at side wall of entranceway to Tioga Pass Ranger Station. Fully shaded, facing N away from prevailing winds. min-max. August Sept. 1 72 Aug. 24 42-60 2 - 25 38-58 3 - 26 32-57 4 44-60 27 - 5 none 40-65 28 41-61 rain late p.m. 6 46-68 29 39-67 7 47-69 30 49-67 8 48-66 31 - 9 10 - Sept. 1 50-68 15 38-60 11 44-63 2 38-66 16 34-61 12 42-61 3 - 17 30-56 13 37-60 4 40-59 18 - 14 36-55 5 40-64 19 - 15 36-55 4 42-61 20 38- 16 40-59 7 38-50 21 - 17 - 8 - 22 38-57 18 42-65 9 40-65 19 40-58 10 39-51 20 38-56 11 - 21 41-61 12 29-64 22 42-63 13 34-69 23 44-63 14 35-68
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El Kolstrom 1954 B. Conrads (54) Tioga Pass Ranger records Oct. 16 August and Sept. primarily clear. High winds recorded nearly every day. Sept. 22 hurricane winds 'til 1 p.m. Sept. 24 cloudy 8M with first rain. Oct. 3 snow flurries late aft. Above data taken by rangers on duty Tioga Pass entrance station: Doug Kofferty, Bobt. House, and at least a third ranger.
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E.L. Karlstam 1954 General notes Bufo April 5 Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. R. Stebbins suggests that Bufo boreas may be collected at the following localities on the Valley Floor: 1) Stoneman mdr. west of Camp 14. He has seen toads here but site not recommended for study area due to influx of people during the summer season. 2) W and SW of Old Village along the Merced River. Probable spot is where small creek from Sentinel Rock area flows into the Merced. Advantage of this locality is proximity to Camp 19 where I and family will be living. 3) ¼ mile west of Ahwahnee Hotel. RCS suggests the west side of a footpath which leads NW toward Government Center. 4) SW side of road leading from Camp Curry to Happy Lakes 5) Leidig Meadow south of Indian Village a possibility although RCS has not collected there. 6) El Capitan meadow at foot of El Capitan another possibility. Joe Gorman suggests that marshy meadow areas E and NE of Mt. Broderick (altitude 6100') should be checked for toads. Take Nevada Fall Trail past Liberty Cap to Half Dome Trail. RCS gave following suggestions on getting themol data in the field: 1) Direct cloacal temp. Insert bulb all the way. Keep fingers as far from bulb as possible
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E.L. Karlstrom Bufo collecting, etc. April 5 making a grip on a forelimb if possible. Some grass may help to insulate bulb from your hand. 2) Substratum. Bulb just below surface. 3) Air temperature. One inch above ground. Shade the bulb from direct sunlight and keep dry to avoid wet-bulb effect. Good trick is to prop thermometer in position, go on writing notes, until recording at equilibrium. 4) Water. Just below surface in shallows but note effect of different bottom composition. For reptiles an air temperature 3 feet above ground may show variation.
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Amphibians Bute boreas X canorus
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EL Kalstern 1954 Growth Bufo crouzi x boreas hybrids Oct. 7 Hybrids of Yosemite Valley D x Tuiga Pass crouzi & have been taking hamburger and grated liver mash in aquarium here at MVZ. However, the recently metamorphosed toads have been dying off. Today I noted scavenging by the toad (hind limbs developed) on a dead recently metamorphosed toad. I removed 8 from aquaria which had all limbs developed. This leaves 23 toads (all feeding) in large 12x20
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ELKerstum 1954 Growth Buffer hybrid Oct. 7 filed the edges smooth, wash of liver (I used grated lamb liver) passed through needle with ease. 10:20 A.M. Animals force fed: No. Body L Tail 1 10.9 mm. 11.3 2 11.1 7.2 3 10.7 4.5 4 9.2 <1 very weak. 5 9.9 8.6 6 10.7 2.1 7 10.2 8.9 heavily injected! 8 9.2 7.8 11:00 A.M. Animal #4 shows no reflex movement when leg pinned with forceps. Others are living, 3 or 4 are in alert head-raised stance, some fluttered against damp bottom of 5 1/2 x 8 1/2 x 5 1/2" aquarium used for these toads. The small size of these toads makes force feeding difficult. The end of the blunt needle could easily have done serious internal damage or the force of the injection mass itself. Vestigial-winged Drosophila added to small aquarium. Bottom of aquarium lined with slightly damp paper towel. Dr. R. Eakin has reason to believe that fruit flies themselves are not a
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EL Kadstrom 1954 Growth Bufo hybrids Oct. 7 complete diet for young amphibia, since Dyula never survived well on flies alone (personal communication) Oct. 8 10:10 A.M. 3 young of group force fed have died. One had received heavy injection of liver mash, and I suspect its digestive tract may have been ruptured. Added vestigial-winged fruit-flies today. No signs of feeding. One of eldest, living toads (3 mm. tail bud) is bloated as if it did receive the liver mash. The water at one end of aquarium had particles of the mash this A.M. Some of the injected mash must have been later regurgitated by the toad. Oct. 10 Another recently metamorphosed toad dead. Small meal worms placed in aquarium untouched. I added a few more Drosophila. Oct 12 another dead this morning. 3 remaining are their but active. Oct 14 3 still alive. I now on trying the insect "funnel technique" using a long to sieve tiny insects from leaf litter. Water gotten from edge of Strawberry Creek W side of MU2. Poor yield first 8 hours, but few ants & mites (?) added to food aquarium.
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El Karstein 1954 Bufo cernus x B. boreas Oct. 10 Todgole of Tioga Bass cernus ff x Yosemite Valley o>, (see drawing) m.s. 222 used to quiet todgole. B.L. = 11.1 mm. Tail 17.0 mm. Interorbital distance 2.7 mm. Distance from tip of snout to a line drawn transversely front of eyes 2.1 mm. Body and muscular portion of tail deep gray to blockish but the tail membrane almost lacking in melanophore expression - few flecks mostly brown region. Silver-copperish flecks present scattered over postro-ventral region of body but few anterior to spiracle. deep gray-black Again silvery - copperish flecks round pupil and few over iris. Teeth 2/3 with fringes laterally. Ble uppermost of lower labial rows continuous across middle. Oct. 14 In checking hybrids (todgoles and tail bud stages) in large quantity, I noticed one toad with scarcely spotting or blotching dorsally. Body length 11.2 mm. Anvil foot ad apparently Tail 4.1 mm. in good stage Vertical region blockish except lighter throat. red-brown (salt & pepper effect) A few other show dark mottling deep dus. brun to block but are overall uniformly darker.
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ELKaldium 1954 Bufo carnus x B. brucei Oct. 20 Croton toad dead in small aquarium. Constant supply of Drosophila have been provided, but the toads have been observed taking but a few of them. The yeast odor of fruit flies plus their high proportion of chitin may render them poor diet. Oct 21 Funnel set up again to gather small insects from bay leaf litter. Gallon can sealed with plasticine 8" diameter glass funnel Coosneck lamp w/ 60 W. bulb { covered brown paper pint jar Oct. 22 1¼" centipede, small mites and a small beetle collected. Leaf litter not dried to lower dangers yet. Poor luck with 2-3 batches of leaf mulch from along creek run 1953. Oct. 25 Tried tiny (< cm. long) meal worm larvae. One toad attempted to snap a larva up but could not. Storage products beetles from Dave Volz' meal worm culture tried. Certain of the toads went after them, and a few were caught. Beetles may bite the toad, since the toads often undergo active jumping movements after taking them. Nov. 1 Some toads skinny, not feeding. Dead removed and preserved. Others fat and apparently feeding on the tiny storage products beetles (+ fruit flies) given them.
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EL Karlström 1954 Bufo boreas x B. carinensis growth Nov. 6 Attempt again at force-feeding 4 of the 9(?) metamorphosed toads in the terrarium. Heaviest of group chosen. Two are very emaciated and weak. Sizes of those fed: #1 B.L. = 10.1 mm {weak, no gular movements} 2 10.3 3 10.6 {healthier. Given little mash.} 4 [illegible] 9.9 {gular movements} 4|40.9 avg. 10.2 mm. Hand liver grated into fine mash, mixed with cod liver oil. Injected through blunt hypodermic needle B-D #18 and 3 cc. syringe. Mash very fluid and easily forced out of syringe. Nov. 7 #1 & 2 above found dead. 3&4 active - returned to terrarium. More storage product beetle added, and at least two toads took them. All four force-fed individuals had been kept separate in small (3x2") staring dish overnight, bottom of dish wet. Tadpole nearly dead in aquarium. 3 had not reached metamorphosis by this date. None observed to feed on fresh liver mash placed in aquarium. B.L. of tadpole 11.9 mm., T. = 17.7 mm. Hind limb stage, total length hind leg ? 7 mm. Large designated area with bloody spot on mid lateral right side.
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EL Kalatium 1954 Bufo boreas x canorus hybrid Nov. 7 External bridge of yolk, 2 mm. wide area appears to be a tumor (?) Probably not mechanical injury. Lower teeth 3/3 with lateral lobial fringe (see figure). Two other living toads same age and devolopment showed same tooth problem. Nov. 8 One of living toadoles died during night. Cause of living metamorphed toads seven, one toadpole left this date. This animal continued to feed and develop. Lowere of meal-worm, fruit-flies, storage products well's taken. Dec. 17 One hybrid alive. Length 14.2 mm. Coloration is unevenly deep brown similar to soil in aquarium. Beckland tubercles over back tipped with reddish brown. Venter browned-black but throat + abdomen salt-and-pepper effect with off slide white or dark. Feb. 10 Same hybrid dead from dessication, since I neglected to water the aquaurium over weekend. Apparently healthy to time of dying out, had feed on small meal worm lowere Feb. 4th and about 15+ mm. snout-vent length. All reason to assure this animal would have continued growth and development. Le Finis Also, pour canuck! I knew it well......
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Critical maximum temperatures EL Karlstam 1954 Buffo bovera and Buffo canorus Oct. 4 see R.C. Steblin's field notebook July 3, 1951 for description of apparatus and technique. This set-up used by Vanderickson, Steblins, Rosenthal with but slight modifications. I used 4" peanut butter jars to house the animals, 4 thicknesses of saturated paper towel, and a larger 5 mm. glass "breathing tube". The water stirrer I used was a Fisher propeller-type (60 cycle) one. 3 0-50°c rapid recording thermometers were used, all agreeing within 0.1°c. of each other. One of these was used to check water bath temps in addition to the -20-110°c thermometer changed in position. Hot plate set at "6.5" and warmed prior to placing the water chamber in position. The stirrer was efficient since surface water temps. varied < 0.1°c. any part of bath. However, Jor B3 were lower in position and closer to the hot plate. Following Exp't. #1 I re-calibrated the dualtherm quick recording thermometers. The one in Jor B3 reads 0.3°c. higher than the other two at 20-25° range, but above 40° all three agree. Therefore, I'll leave the recorded temperatures as they now stand.
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EL Kodatum 1954 Critical maximum temps. B. canorus and B. boreae holocephalus Oct. 41 Expt. # 1 B. canorus ad. ?? ELK #369, L=49 jar A (Tioga Bass) B. boreae ad. " " #228 L=67 mm. " B. (Yes. Valley) water bath A B 9:44 a.m. 14.0°C. 14.8 14.3 :52 15.1 14.9 14.8 -boreae exploring, in vertical jar, w head top of jar. canorus inactive. :56 17.2 15.9 16.0 10:02 20.3 17.2 16.9 -canorus rotated 90° but not active. boreae exploring. :07 22.8 21.0 21.6 -> agitator propeller lowered in water bath. :12 25.8 21.6 24.3 -canorus raised on side of jar. :18 28.0 24.0 27.8 -boreae increased exploration :20 29.2 26.7 28.6 -canorus now actively exploring ? boreae dropped head for 2 min., then continued exploration. :23 30.4 28.6 29.4 :25 31.2 29.0 30.6 -both active & movements coordinated :29 32.8 30.0 32.0 -both spasmodic explorer, boreae still more active. Clustering boreae skin. :33 :36 -boreae covered when I moved hand over its jar. 10:33 34.8 33.1 34.5 :36 35.9 34.2 35.6 -boreae in distress? now lying float in bottom of jar but in round crouched position. :40 37.4 36.7 (37.2) -both larvae showing rotational movements but heads off toward. - boreae flattened in crouching position, big eyes seen partially closed. :44 38.8 (37.9) (38.6) -boreae has remained crouched +1 minute :47 I removed B. boreae jar (B) and rotated it. boreae rights itself but slowly, returned jar B to bath.
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methyl p.201 7 - top p. to A req H+ I, noH x23 ?? ho name o o Y) o Y - ph- L - " - ho word , o 9 A [illegible] E 41 . 2 hI 270.HI M A H + P req feature no. ployge record - 3 H I - P H 1 21 51 o nomo name p+ & not deal 9 21 2 21 5 21 21 top tool "or Elation, engin- P A 3 21 5 05 50 01 analogy record. make 4.15 0.10 7.55 00: o head store no human religy religy - req (type) no human record - 5.40 3 25 51 antology human record - 2.75 0.85 0.80 81 analogy glottic my name > 0.20 0.25 0.25 05 no & not deal buggs word? analogy benitive, is 4.25 0.25 4.05 01 o language a part tool - 3.02 0.25 5.15 25 req . polyge polymyph word - 9.25 0.81 7.25 51 not glutino . subo nor life CR: analogy I who having record. CR: top? watch no main - 3.25 0.55 3.45 00. 01 no tool req to match in 208 3.25 2.25 9.25 25 ration, below: have intuitivity . made look that - 5.70 0.05 4.05 00: and who about ? is dimension always no limited range o doing not say all, only? , bands - [illegible] [3.22] (p.12) 28 Hk/ word in latter line (a) req record o throw & me
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Critical maximum temps. El Kabstum 1954 Bufo canorus and Bufo boreas Oct. 5 Exp't. # 1 (cent.) wate r VA B 10:48 A.M. 40.1 [38.8] 39.7 - canorus weak climbing movements 10:46. Crouched position one minute later. In distress 10:49 40.8 39.2 40.2 - head wogging, boreas for :51 41.2 39.7 40.9 not moved from crouched positin. -no canorus movement since :53 40.0 10:49 A.M. cloacal temp of B. boreas 10:53 is 39.8° C. it is in severe shock. No righting reflex, legs extended backward, and shrunken appearance sides of body. B. canorus extended legs out 10:53 and head lowered. Cloacal temp. at 10:55 of this animal in deep shock 39.6° C. neither tood slowed gular movements or could right itself when placed on its back. Placed both on dorye, cool towel 10:56. B. boreas was breathing and showed a righting reflex by 10:59. B. canorus showed reflex of eye-lid when probed by this time. By 11:30 A.M. both were moving about. Both toods were apparently subjected to temperatures higher than their true critical minimum, so the cloacal temps. are not a true indication of lowest temp. at which heat shock is evident i.e. critical maximum. Results Exp't. 1 critical max. Bufo boreas = 37-38° C. Bufo canorus = 38-39° C.
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(1) = 2,8 > 30 2/4V (1) = 1,01 MA 10:1 2/4P P.P. P.P. MA P.P.1 0,0E > E3 > 0:01 to quit below the edge, xiljor gijlgor or shako once in an gland for which we may not be too hard. and the "0:01 to quit below" seems to now with by "3/4:01 to quit below" below .2 "4/0E Arke and in where so downers play tower foot, they to lower clock at no hardy when flute if we head one second 2 "0:01 Lewis face, spark on years by P.P.01 gk xiljor gijlgor a bawala for into get brother who look age of xiljor bowl towards green once the ma at or got mint integrity at blinglor glimmer soon show still with my window in this part with not self for ambition and so far we expect second. > "0:01 to quit below" now forties .2 "0:01-0E > second of 2
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EL Karlstom 1954 Oct. 4 Expt. #2, agrenatus zone of Eygkt. #1. B. carorus ad. of ELK #364, L= B. boreas young " 226?, L=(Tringa) jon A. jon B. (CYONITE) Critical maximum temperatures water bath jon A jon B 4:25 15.0°C 15.6 16.1 boreas exploring, carorus still. 4:28 20.1 18.8 19.5 Both active exploratory move- ments. 4:32 21.5 20.7 20.6 Same :36 22.9 22.2 22.3 :40 24.9 24.51 24.0 Both stand on hind legs and climb sides of jon, often flopping over on backs but righting immediately. :43 27.1 26.6 26.4 -Same :47 28.8 27.9 27.9 -boreas acts like its retreating backwards into a lumowr. Both climbing actively, flopping, & righting themselves. :51 30.5 29.6 29.9 -more speedfoot-like "digging" by boreas, carorus upright -fore- limba against top of jon. - frantic climbing by boreas :54 32.4 31.7 31.9 :57 33.5 32.6 33.1 rotation, hard-waggng boreas in crowded position. :59 34.6 34.0 34.3 carorus actively climbing or upright on hind limbs. 5:01 35.2 34.4 35.0 boreas had crowded 41 min. now rotated 45°, remained crowded abdomen along side of body depressed. Very rapid gular pulsation. 5:03 36.2 35.7 35.9 - frantic climbing by carorus crowding sending boreas frontic serching by boreas & carorus 5:06 37.7 37.2 37.6 weaker climbing & hard holding caronus, same for boreas 5:08 38.4 37.9 38.1 caronus cannot right itself leg extension boreas (cont.) 5:09 39.0 38.6 39.0 5:10 39.5 39.0 39.3
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EL Kalstern 1954 Critical maximum temps. Bufo boreas and B. canorus Oct. 4 Expt #2 (cont.) 5.10+ canorus removed ad cloacal maximum taken 38.6°C. it regained righting reflex within 30-40 seconds and assumed upright stance 5:12 boreas cloacal temp. (max.) 38.7°C. it remained in the warm jar longer and was in deeper shock. Placed on paper towel, ad it righted itself within a minute, walked within 3 minutes. Also regained extended appearance of mid-body region. While in state of heat shock, it had appeared shrunken. Since boreas had been inactive for several minutes near the end of the experiment, it is hard to determine just when it went into shock. Both toady became active before losing their mobility about at the same time. Cloacal temps. are probably close to critical maximum this experiment. No significant difference between the two species, although boreas again may have gone into heat shock at a lower temperature than canorus Results Expt. #2: Critical maximum B. boreas and B. canorus 38-39°C. *note boreas relatively stunted condition compared to canorus. Former kept alive in Yosemite museum since quovison & received food half of summer.
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Critical maximum temperature ELKaddatum 1954 Bupho lorenz + B. cornuz Oct. 13 Exp't. #3 B. cornua od. 78, ELK # 369 L= for A B. lorenza , " # 384 L= for B. p.m. water bath for A for B 7:03 14.9°c. 15.0 14.9 :06 15.5 15.1 15.0 -cornua quiet. :08 16.8 16.4 16.0 lorenz raised up and :12 18.1 17.9 16.8 rotated erect position. loraiz rotated again, :16 20.4 20.1 19.2 -lorenz sitting on thermometer bulb, neither active. -lorenz uprught & snacking against top or side of jar. :20 23.0 22.4 20.9 -lorenz "clowning" at sides of jar. cornua moved to semi-erect position. :23 24.5 24.0 23.0 -cornua first moved from original position. :25 26.0 25.4 24.3 lorenz losing swollen appearance and sides becoming depressed slightly. cornua :27 :28 28.0 27.5 24.5 now erect in alert position :31 29.2 29.8 25.7 -head again shatters lorenz -lorenz searching. :34 30.2 29.9 26.8 -cornua shifted for first time :37 31.3 31.0 27.5 from original spot. Erect, moved up side of jar. loraiz slight sennding movements. :39 32.5 32.0 28.6 -cornua actively searching. :41 33.6 33.2 30.3 -lorenz crowded & still. :43 34.7 34.0 32.5 -lorenz alternately searching & hunched over, head down. -cornua has foot on bulb. at is erect but inactive. :45 35.4 34.8 33.2 both sensitive to my movements low beds. :47 36.3 35.9 33.8 -lorenz changed over bulb -cornua still.
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E. L. Karlstam 1954 Critical maximum temps. B. borerz & B. coronus Expt. #3 (cont.) Both A B 7:49 37.2 36.8 34.7 borerz desperately searching, "clowning" at glass, then hard lowered. coronus zone, moving from one end of jar to the other. :51 38.0 37.7 35.0 borerz violent "clowning," rotation coronus rapid movements, climbing side of jar. :53 38.9 38.4 37.0 -coronus flogged on back and did :54 39.2 38.6 not right itself. coronal 38.2°C. :55 40.0 37.6 :57 41.5 38.2 borerz in distress. coronal 38.0°C 39.0 Results Expt. #3: Bulfo coronus and Bulbo borerz lodegildus critical maximum 38-39° C. This large adult B. borerz seemed to respond slower to the critical temperatures than smaller borers used in Expts. 1 & 2. Possibility of size difference in regard to critical point? This toad had been kept in aquarium behind Yosemite Museum for nearly 2 months, and apparently fed well since it still now is in relatively good shape.
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{ "text": "[illegible]\n\n(,2) 1 = \n\nA A \n\n\n\n\n\n0.25 P.E 0.25 1:\n\nE. 1. no supply\n\n0.25 H.25. P.25 E.\n\nE. 0.25 C.PE H.\n\n0.25 0.04 E.\n\nP.E. \n\n\n\n\n\n[illegible]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]
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Amphibians miscellaneous
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Ensatiia eschcolti platensis April 25 Base of Cathedral Rocks, 4700 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif., 2:15 P.M. (D.S.T.) I found one adult & (eggs visible) beneath a rotted log. dark brown loam soil beneath. Site shaded by pepperwood tree, slope 20°. Distance from snow perk at base of sheer rock cliff 45 ft. Rotted log 3'x1'x4" thick. May 1 Base Cathedral Rocks, 4100 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Adult female under slab of rotted tree 4'x1'x4" thick. Soil temp. 5.8°C. Air temp. 1:50 P.M. (D.S.T.) 8.8°C. Area 90% shaded by maple, pepperwood and oak trees. Douglas fir provide upper canopy. Slope about 10°. Levelled off area about 70' from base of cliff. Same general locality as above but 200 yards E and 75 feet higher altitude. One adult under Doug fir bark 40 feet north of granite base Cathedral Rocks. Cloveral temp. 2:35 P.M (D.S.T.) 10.5°C. Substrate (shaded bulbs) 7.2°C. Shed Cembrotive skin under same piece of larks. Air temp. 2" above ground 11.8°C. Slope 20°. Snow perk at base of cliff 5' thick, 20 feet out from base of tolus slope. Two above specimens left with Doug Hubbard for display behind Yosemite museum.
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E.L. Kalstein 1954 Hydromantes platycephalus April 25 Base of Dentical Rocks, 4100 ft. Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Steblins collected 2 adults from beneath a granite fragment 2'x3'x8". Overcast cool freeze, air 10°C \frac{1}{2}" above ground 2:30 P.M. (D.S.) Black soil and gray granite fragments where animals taken. Water can be squeezed from soil. Plenty of seeps. This is lowest record of platycephalus but animals must extend down Merced Canyon toward Breeding Springs locality. May 1 Some general locality as above. I covered the base of the cliff over a distance of \frac{3}{4} mile. Only two seepage sites looked promising. One of these probably where Steblins got two animals April 25. No animals taken. Most seep water passing down sheer rock face goes beneath snow directly into rocky soil and does not show up at outer edge of snow patches. May 9 Steblins took several platycephalus at base of granite behind Camp Curry.
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E.L. Kabatim 1954 Hyla regilla (1) April 8 El Capitan meadow, 3950 ft., Yosemite Valley, margina Co., Calif. Description of breeding pond under species account of Bufo boreus although no toads now in evidence this locality. At 11:15 A.M. I collected a half dozen egg clusters near margin of the pond. Most clusters were in 6-10 inches of water and attached to blades of grass or other pieces of vegetation. Average of 3 counts of number of eggs were 30. The stages varied from yolk plug to emerging tadpoles. Norm Wickenheim told me that Hyla chorus have been audible for about one month. The onset of Hyla breeding activity may have been the first part of March in the Valley. The largest free-swimming toads I was able to net were only 8-10 mm. long and there were not abundant. However, the egg clusters were plentiful. Daytime chorus was common at this pond or elsewhere in Valley meadows. The calling would generally cease when I got within 20 feet of any of the males congregated in or over but later it continued again as I moved further away. The only adults I saw out in the daytime were a few in or right at edge of a pool SE of the
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E.L. Kaldstuen 1954 Dyla regilla (2) April 8 church behind Old Village. A large granite boulder provided a study site for these forms. Egg clusters were present here, too. 8:00 P.M. Air temp. 70°C.; water 10° C. soil 6 inches down 10° C. The adult males sat half immersed in water usually on a matted grass surface. Spacing irregular but most males were generally at least a foot from each other. He reaction to the light from my headlamp was consistently that they would look downward into the water and swim forward and downward to the grass or algae at the bottom. I collected many by simply grabbing a handful of bottom vegetation below where I had spotted the frog. The chorus from this pond was deafening - so loud that it was painful to my ears when I was near the pool. At this site all the adults taken seemed to show a similar color phase. Dark brownish ground-color with dorsal blotches nearly black. At Stoneman meadow I detected one of a gray-green ground color with the darker bluish blotches dorsally. Pond C at Stoneman meadow, about 25 feet long, contained about 125 frogs. I roughly counted this many on basis of eye shine. The ponds near Daniel Bridge were checked. The most froggy area had no Dyla. Does water requirements of Bufo and Dyla basically the same?
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Hyla regilla (3) April 8 It will be interesting to observe whether Bufo can breed in brownish-stained boggy pools now churned by Hyla. April 24 Steblins and I checked El Cojetin Meadow. Hyla toda present but not in numbers I saw 2 weeks before. I saw no egg clusters. Few adults calling. Pond higher dry 4-5 miles probably. some flow into the pool from culvert running beneath the road. Boot 1/2 mi. S of Saint Peter, Yosemita Valley, morjina Co., Calif. Extensive development of pools and runoff rivulets here. I was struck by the secrecy of Hyla toda, no eggs seen. Apparently breeding for yet to hit a peak at this locality. Algae not abundant in pools. Water samples taken including insect + tadpole life, Stebins and I checked this locality about 8:30 p.m. many Hyla cruising. We both noted that ov vocal even tend to be wider than long (drawing) and probably not as round then as other Hyla in Bay area. April 25 Base of Cathedral Rocks, 4100 ft., Yosemita Valley Mojina Co., Calif. Steblins and I were searching the north facing slope of the valley wall for Hydromants. Going up a boulder stream stre
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E. L. Kardstrom 1954 Hyla regilla (4) April 25 Base of Sentinel Rocks, 4100 ft., Yosemite Valley Mariposa Co., Calif. 2:15 P.M. (D.S.) stream bed (new dry) I found one Hyla adult ?? just under the edge of a granite boulder. This animal would appear to be at least a few hundred yards from any standing water and 100 feet above the valley floor with the wood between it and the Merced River. The snow at the line of the cliff is another 50 feet above the site where animal taken. Stebbins also found an adult ♀ in center of branchless rotten log 2 ft. in diameter. Rotten wood 10°C at 2:50 P.M. (D.S.T.) Log 12 ft. long along slope—slope 8° to N. Frog had not emerged from hibernation? Skin but active when handled. Molea heard calling from rocks further up talus slope. Incense cedar, white fir. Canopy 80%. Site where Hydrimantes gotten down slope 200 yards E. April 30 Stream meow, 4000 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. Hyla chorusing in the evening 9:00 P.M. (D.S.T.) and one pair taken while copulating. Sample of toads from pool A taken. (See B. lower account for temp. data). Recent rains have provided new pools and this may accelerate Hyla breeding activity. May 27 Kaiser Peaks meadow, 8000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. No toads but eggs. One cluster to tail bud stage. No eggs seen at higher 9200 ft. Meadow near Kaiser Pass.
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E.L. Karlstun 1951 Hyla regilla (5) May 13 Pottle Meadow, 7750 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Merced Co., Calif. Hyla chorusing here at 8:00 P.M. (D.S.T.) No signs of eggs yet. One pair in completeus. -> let go of & when I observed. Hyla population not greater now than 2-3 calling or 1/2 per pond. The pools are average 8 feet diameter. Some pottles are up to 3' depth along main stream course. Water temp. pools, 6.5° C. air temp. 1" above ground (open grass) 7.3° C. One Rana boylii adult & also taken. Patches of snow to foot depth scattered over meadow. Deeper looks to W under the lodgepole pines. Small wild composites to 3". Snow probably off this meadow for week or less.
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E.L. Karlstron 1954 Hydra regilla (6) Aug. 2 150 yards NE of Tioga Pass Ranger station, 9920 ft. moro Co. Calif. Small pool with toads present. Pool size 4' x 4' x 1-1/2" maximum depth. Mud bottom. Pool supplied with ground seep water, a type of pothole. Sedges & grasses bordering it to 10" tall, also a knottedweed (Polygonum) Toad body length of 1/2", total length 1"+. Beginning hind leg development. Water temp. 290 C. at 11:40 A.M. (D.S.) Air temp. 1" above grass (bull rushed) 270 C. One small adult toad in pool.
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Hyila regilla (?) Aug. 30 150 yards E Tiger Pass Ranger Station, 9430 ft., Tuolumne Co., Calif. Recently metamorphosed (of this summer) abundant in grasses. One pond, now 50x20 x 16" deep, still for toads in it with tails, but nearly all have emerged. 12:50 P.M. (D.S.) Young (body length 3/4") tree-frog noted at bottom of lake 2' from edge in water 16" deep. No tail vestige, light gray below. Bottom of lake light brownish. It remained there for at least 10 minutes. Possibly I had stirred it up while it rested at the lake edge, forcing it into the water. Another I saw swimming on surface 10' from above the grassy lake edge. Oct. 16 same locality as above. No Hyila seen 2-4 P.M. today. Air temperatures ranged from about 8-14° C. Some ice crystals edge of N facing banks of ditches and rivulets. Wind of near gale velocity. Hibernation of tree-frogs this elevation may be effective. Oct. 16 Hyila adults and subadults out in leaf litter in front of Ranger's Club, East Center, Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. 9 P.M. Air temperature 14.1° C. Oct 17 Dozens of subadult (young of this year?) collected from under a plank near temperature station Sentinel meadow, 1/2 mi. S East Center, Yosemite Valley. Average body length 5 individuals 19.7 mm. One adult only collected 31.2 mm. Air temp. 9 A.M. 48° F. Few other Hyila active in dew-covered grasses.
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E. L. Kaldstam 1954 Rana boylei (1) April 7 Bear Creek, 2 mi. S of Brucsburg, Monoosa Co. Calf. One medium sized adult taken in shallow water of the creek after it plopped in the water from the edge. Water temp. 15° C at 4:05 P.M. Air temperature 16° C. This was only frog seen along 150 yards of the creek. Numerous pools interst the cascading water. See journal notes for information on boylei Aqua Fri Creek 3 miles W of Monoosa. No signs of eggs or tadpoles at these two localities. May 13 Pothole Meadow, 7700 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Monoosa Co., Calif., 8:00 A.M. One large adult #47 in snow seepage pool 5'x10'x8" deep. Water temp 11.5° C. Snow patches present over about 1/4 of Meadow surface. Stream runs through middle of Meadow. Deep (to 3') potholes, rivulets, swift water are all available. Drying choosing. No signs of any ocean eggs. Snow probably off here less than a week. Air temp. 1" above ground 8:05 P.M. (D.S.T.) 7.2° C. May 14 1/2 mi. SE of Crane Flat Ranger Station, 6700 ft., Yosemite Natl. Park, Tuolumne Co., Calif. 12:15 P.M. (D.S.) Egg clusters (4) here. Loose mulberry appearance of each cluster with attachment to a stem of grass. Water depth at site clusters found 4-5 inches. Representative cluster about 3" long, 2" wide, top of it 1/2" below water surface. Eggs large and blockish, oxygen to be undetermined. Pool where eggs found 20' wide
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F.L. Karlton 1954 Rana boylii (2) May 14 1/2 mi. SE Cure Flat Ranger Station, 6700 ft., Yosemite Nat'l Park, Tuolumne Co., Calif. 40' day, average depth 4". Small stream issues from culvert under road 20 yards to the NE and then spreads out to form foreground pool. Loose silty bottom. The egg clusters were covered with a fine layer of the silt. Water flows slowly through the pool, a stick on the surface moving 1 yard in about 15 seconds. Meadow here about 40 x 150 yards, lined with lodgepole pine stands, open meadow free of snow but edges under trees had patches to a foot in depth. Water temp. in pool where eggs found, 1" below surface 2' from edge, 15.8°C.; 12:25 P.M. (D.S.). Air temp., bulbs shielded, 1" above dense grass at pool's edge 19.2°C. Moderate breeze, sunny afternoon. One adult frog seen in bottom of the pool but it concealed itself in the silt and I didn't get the legger. No other animals or eggs seen. May 27 Kaiser Peaks meadows, 8000 ft., Fresno Co., Calif. Adult at lower end of meadow. Egg clusters numerous. To neural tube stage. Slow moving deep rivulets favored for egg deposition. Water temp. 25°C. 2" below surface in wide place in pool 16" deep. 3 adults here, one caught. 7 egg clusters over 10' of rivulet, air temp. 1" above dense grass 17°C. at 3:35 P.M. May 28 Bottle mdwr, 7000 ft., Y.N.P., Mariposa Co., Calif. 9:10 P.M. Adult ?; drocal 13.5, water 14.0.; air 10.2°C. No eggs seen.
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 Rana boylei (3) July 23 merced River at base of El Capitan, 3950 ft., Yosemite Valley, Mariposa Co., Calif. at 11:15 A.M. (D.S.) I drewed one adult frog at edge of river. It was beneath a clump of willows and immediately swum to deeper water when I tried to approach it. Water depth 5 feet out from the bank 4 feet. This is first yellow-legged frog I have seen in the valley proper. I recall Richard Zweifel mentioning that he did not see or hear of them from the Valley. I check Y.N.H.A. collection at museum. One R. boylei (2) serial # 268 from Fern Spring, Yos. Natl. Park, 4000 ft. I am not certain where this locality is, but no other definite Valley localities listed for R. boylei boylei. Bullfrogs apparently are established in a pool at the Ahwahnee Hotel. Could there be escapes to the River? * Note. Later "reliable" information from owner of pair of bullfrogs: single adult -> bullfrog. Party worker at hotel ostensibly raising bullfrog for Calaveras competition, and it is receiving training in Ahwahnee pool. My informant was clear-tongued but "feeling good" at beach party in August given by Ahwahnee chef Pearson for championship softball team. The punch (vodka+) was terrific!
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(c) [illegible] 28/05/1996, at 9.30 p.m. to visit Jenny's flat. To (b), to accompany myself there? As I say, there was Brenda & (a) me. Then it took a turn for the worse in the return road as more disturbances too led to things out of control at last. I tried to stay calm but my two college mates and I got badly - really intoxicated before bed. But then a party night to finish a nice tour but at last at Mitchells A.K.M 4 stole 2 girls off us as we were [illegible] & no, nothing. I know, don't they say, just more luck, in school with some mates too, so I told myself 'she's stuffed, let's go for a drink'. I told myself to get drunk and get out of there. To make sure someone "stole" us! Good luck to those who went there. Very glad we were together later in school for a few hours. But then we got our tickets for a party tonight at present but found the 'trap' girls
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ELKARLETON 1954 Rana boylei (4) Oct. 16 100-200 yards NE Tioga Pass Ranger Station, 9420 ft. Mono Co., Calif. Adults active when disturbed from positions shallower water of rivulets and ponds. Terse. at a 2 1/2' foot deep side hole in which large adult taken 4:40 C. at 3:45 P.M. This was only amman found today. Five adults collected, most were gotten from water greater than 6" depth. Reptiles
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Reptiles
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E.L. Kulburtum 1954 Colonyx variegatus April 14 15 mi. SE Bakersfield, Kern Co., Calif. Dr. Culbert- sen of Fresno State visited MVZ today. Her reported the capture of a gecko at the above locality by a high school boy in Fresno. The specimen is now in hands of the boy's high school biology instructor and possibly could be gotten hold of. Suggest writing A.E. Culbertson for name of man with lizard.
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E.L. Kardum 1954 Lampropeltis zoneta April 29 Haze Labs, MUZ. Snake feeding observation. Stebbins placed snake in metal cage with 3 Sceloporus occidentalis. After but a few minutes (about 8:35 A.M.) the king snake struck the lizard in side of its head. At the time the lizard was in position on the vertical metal screen at the back of the cage. The king snake threw about three coils about the lizard and right away moved around to the head on position. After five minutes the lizard was forced to relax its grip on the screen and the forelimbs were forced broke. At 8:42 A.M. the lizard was 1/3 swallowed and no resp. movements by it noted. At 8:50 snake had worked to hind limbs. Glottis rotated opening but in normal position. At no time did snake protect its glottis. 8:53 A.M. Tail disappeared. Total swallowing time 18 minutes. Length of snake about 23 inches. Lizard was adult FF with total length about 6 inches. This particular snake loaned to Stebbins for illustrative purposes by Doug Hubbard at Yosemite. Eventually a Yosemite own specimen.
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E.L. Kalstein 1954 Thamnophis elegans June 5 1/4 mi. SE Half Dome, Yosemite Natl. Park, Mariposa Co., Caly. Broke swimming along bottom of this large (75 yds wide, maximum depth about 4') shallow pond. Depth 8" where it swam. Water temp there 2:50 P.M. (D.S.) 23.5°C. Air 1" above dense grass at pool edge, 14.5°C.
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E.L. Kardum 1954 Diophis andulis April 24 1/4 mi SE Building, Mariposa Co., Calif., Elevation 1200 ft. Stebbins collected one of largest ring-necks he or I had ever seen. Rough measurements at lab showed total length 21 1/2 inches. Stebbins temperature measurements: cloaca 14.0° C., 8:55 A.M., air 1" above ground 14.5° C. May 3 Stebbins placed this snake in live cage with Xantusia vigilis. The ring-neck almost immediately seized one of the lizard by the side of the head and commenced feeding.
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E.L. Kadelin 1954 Contia tenuis May 3 Vicinity Rockville, Solano Co., Calif. M. Sorenson brought in a specimen which had been picked up with a load of leaf mold taken from above locality. Actual collector probably Sorenson's boss, the Chief of Police.
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EL Karlstum 1954 Chorina bottae June 2 Crocker Station, 3 1/2 mi. E Hardin Flats, 4452 ft., Tuolumne Co., Calif. One adult ♀ 3:50 8.M. (D.S.) on south-facing wooded slope under piece of partially rotted halved log 5 1/2' x 6"x4". Douglas fir, yellow pine, oaks, manzanita and cultivated apple trees in area. This is an old stage coach station with numerous burned frame buildings. Gassy meadow 40 yards to SE with slight rivulet flow through it. Ground beneath log slightly damp. Snake coiled in loose ball, active when picked up. Air temp. low 70's. Log was in open sun at time, but the area 30% slobed dry scattered trees. June 3 Yosemite Museum, Yoz. Valley. This ♀♀ "laid" (collected) 10 "eggs" sometime between 4 P.M. yesterday and 7 A.M. (D.S.) today. I placed them on damp paper towel in 5'x5'x3" dish with the snake. No sign of brooding noted. ♀♀ total length 398 mm., body 346 mm. Eggs with heavy light cream colored coverings. I was surprised at the heavy covering on an embryo from an ovoviviparous form. A few of the eggs adhered to each other by membranous outer portions. Eggs measured: L = 12.3 - 12.7 - 13.8 - 12.8 - 12.7 - 12.5 - 12.7 - 12.3 - 13.4 - 13.4 W = 7.7 - 8.4 - 8.2 - 8.7 - 7.9 - 8.1 - 8.3 - 7.7 - 8.2 - 9.0 N=10 X L = 12.86 mm. X W = 8.22 mm.
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EL Karlstam 1954 Chorina lottoe June 3 Crocker Station adult ?? captured June 2. light colored for a rubber boa, medium light brown above and faded yellow ventrally with a marked absence of ventral dark marks on the gastrostages. Wayne Bryant, museum junior naturalist, told me that Valley specimens he has seen are deeper brown above, fading toward light yellow beneath. Room temp. where "embryos" kept (museum research room) 23.0°C, 10:30 A.M. (D.S.) at 1:45 P.M. it was 26°e. June 6 I separated the snake and the embryos. no more "eggs" had been laid. Some external fungus growth on most of the ten "eggs". Female had turned wet towel over many of them, and they may have been too dense. June 9 Bird bath 16" above dish for most of a day. 8:30 A.M. scraped mold off "eggs" and placed drier parts face down on wet towels. Half look in bad shape, dry & shriveled. June 16 more mold scraped off. All look good. June 28 One dissected. No embryo but reddish pigment area (germinal disc?) Egg is practically all yolk. Other egg preserved.
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Mammals
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E.L.Kalstein 1954 Conia lotins May 14 meadow 1/3 mile S Cast. Center, Yosemite Valley, Mergiza Co., Calif. 4000 ft. I pulled up along the main road N of the meadow at 8:40 A.M. (D.S.). 60 yards S of the road was an adult coyote almost oblivious of passing cars and my car. The animal quietly stalked among the high (5 to 18") dense green meadow grass, moving forward swiftly as it apparently heard the rustle of grass or saw movement. It moved about 50 yards S away from the road and disappeared behind tall (10') clumps of willow-like bushes. It then apparently circled around my study pad and continued westward down the large meadow. The stalking continued but without success. At 8:55 A.M. I lost sight of the animal among the clumps of grasses.
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E.L. Karlstrom 1954 lynx rufus April 8 El Capitan meadow, 3950 ft, yosemite valley, yosemite national park, Calif. 10:45 A.M. One adult cat loafed along along a meadow pool 100 yards south of the road. It stopped and remained motionless watching us from a standing position as we approached to within 40 yards, the 50 feet wide pool separating us. After five minutes it ambled away from us SE 10 yards to a group of pine trees. It then took a standing position facing us on top of a deadfall tree. After a few minutes it crawled. The black and white marks in its ears were only clearly visible signs. at 10:56 the animal slowly walked away from us still in a SE direction to a heavy stand of pine 75 yards away from our position. It would walk a few yards, turn and eye us. The hind quarters and backs of the legs were yellow brown, and the upper side of the short tail mostly black & brown. As the animal turned toward our station it flicked it curled tail nervously maybe 10 times and a flash of white from the underside of the tail were largely striking. The curiosity and seemingly delicate unafraid action of the cat were striking.
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