Field notes, v1351

Hendrickson, John R.

Unknown

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

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HENDRICKSON, JOHN R. 1947-1951 part 1-Colombia, S.A. October 10 - December 7, 1950. Catalogue Nos. 1384-1629. Journal Species Accounts Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals 2-Miscellaneous, California, Mexico, Colombia. 1947-1951. Catalogue Nos. 1630-2018 Journal Species Accounts Amphibians Reptiles

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Hendrickson, J.R. Colombia, South America Oct. 10 - Dec. 7, 1950 Catalog nos. 1384-1629 Journal Species Accounts Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

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Kendrickson 1950 Catalogue Bogota, 8700 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. October 15, 1950 (RCS) 1384 Frog Eleutherodactylus bogotensis 1385 " " " " 1386 " " " " 1387 " " " " 1388 " " " " 1389 " " " " 1390 " " " " 1391 " " " " 1392 " " " " 1393 " " " " 1394 " " " " 1395 " " " " 1396 " " " " 1397 " " " " 1398 " " " " 1399 " " " " 1400 " " " " 1401 " " " " 1402 " " " " 1403 " Phyllobates subpunctatus " 1404 Eleutherodactylus bogotensis (X) RCS 1405 " " " " 1406 " " " " 1407 " " " " 1408 " " " " 1409 " " " "

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Hendrickson 1950 Catalogue Bogota, 8700 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. October 15, 1950 1410 Frog Phyllobates subpunctatus (RO) 1411 " 1412 " 1413 " 1414 " 1415 " 1416 " 1417 M 1418 " 1419 " 1420 snake Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. October 18, 1950 1421 ♂ ad. t=7x .5mm Tyrannus melancholicus 41.56m. 1422 ♂ ad. t=.5x2 Coryphaspiza pileata 17 Gm. 1423 ♂ ad. t=4x .9mm Hylophilus flavipes 1424 ♀ Columbigallina passerina 5 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. October 19, 1950 1425 ♀ ad. Tyrannus melancholicus 506m. October 20, 1950 1426 ♂ ad. t=4x5mm Aplopofila minuta 7.56m. 1427 ♂ t=5x3.5mm Forpus conspicillatus 26.06m. 1428 ♂ t=4.5x2.5mm Forpus conspicillatus 26.56m. 1429 ♂ ad. t=10x+mm Tyrannus melancholicus 44.0Gm.

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Catalogue Kendrickson 1950 5 km. N Villavicija, 1400 ft., Neiva, Colombia, S.A. October 21, 1950 1430 ♀ 6 emb. Dryzomys 119-91-23-15.5 45 Gm. 1431 ♀ Columbigallina passerina 20.5 Gm. 1432 ♂ ad. t=5.5x5mm. Sporophila minuta 7.5 Gm. 1433 ♀ Forpus conspicillatus 25 Gm. 1434 ♂ t=5x2.5mm. Forpus conspicillatus 27.5 Gm. 1435 ♂ t=3.5x2mm. Forpus conspicillatus 26.0 Gm. October 23, 1950 skin only 1436 ♂♂ fruit eating bat 69-12-14-21-14 16.5 Gm. 1437 ♀ 3 emb. Oryzomys 205-91-23-15.5 38.5 Gm. 1438 ♂ mouse 11.5 Gm. 1439 ♂ Phyllostomus 133-20-25-32-22 132.0 Gm. #1 1440 ♀ Stelgidopteryx ruficollis 15.5 Gm. #2 1441 ♂ t=1X.75mm. Stelgidopteryx B ruficollis 16.5 Gm. #3 1442 ♀ Stelgidopteryx ruficollis 15.5 Gm. alcoholic #4 1443 ♂ t=1.5X1mm. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis 17.5 Gm. October 24, 1950 1444 ♀ Colinus cristatus 140.5 Gm. 1445 ♀ Colinus cristatus 136.5 Gm. 1446 ♂ Lepidopyga 4.0 Gm. 1447 Hummingbird nest (see #1446) 1448 95-11-17-35-22 34.5 Gm. 1448 ♀ fruit eating bat 73-8-12-21-14 16.0 Gm. Oct. 21, 1950 alcoholic 1449 Dryzomys alcoholic 1450 Dryzomys

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Hendrickson 1950 Catalogue 5km. N. Villanueva, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. October 25, 1950 (Oct. 25) 1451 Tadpole 1452 Collection of 8 fish of at least 3 species 1453 mouse 1454 Dasygon thous 1455 skull skeleton 3km. N Villanueva, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. Caluromys 638-381-44-3a 192.0Gm. Oct. 26, 1950 1456 Tiama bicolor 1457 ♀ Columbigallina passerina 29.0Gm 1458 ♂ ad. t=7X5mm. Coryphospiquus pileatus 16.5 Gm. 1459 ♂ ad. t=5.5x5mm. Coryphospiquus pileatus 17.0 Gm. 1460 ♂ ad. t=4X4mm. Coryphospiquus pileatus 17.0 Gm. 1461 ♂ ad. t=7X5mm. Coryphospiquus pileatus 17.0 Gm. 1462 Donatodes 1463 lizard (anole?) 1464 Collection of fish from quebrada S. of camp (Pauline) 1465 House mouse October 25, 1950 (Benitez) 1466 Collection of fish from quebrada S. of camp October 27, 1950 1467 ♂ t=8X5mm Crotophaga ani (#5) 105.4 Gm. 1468 ♂ t=3.5X2mm Crotophaga ani (#6) 94.0Gm. 1469 ♂ t=4X2mm. Crotophaga ani (#7) 94.8Gm. October 26, 1950 1470 ♀ no emb. Procyon October 27, 1950 1471 ♀ ad. Sporophila minuta 8.5 Gm.

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Herdbrinson 1950 Catalogue Oct.28 5km.N.Villavieja,1400ft,Kuila,Colombia,S.A. 1472 ♀ Crotophaga ani 1473 ♂ testis 2x1mm. stelgidopteryx ruficollis fat 1474 ♂ t=7x45mm. Columbigrallina passerina 15mm. 1475 ♀ 8g Buteo 190Gm. 1476 Ameiva tail (incomplete,♂#1475) October 30,1950 1477 ♀ Colinus cristatus 1478 186Gm. October 29,1950 1478 ♂ Nyctibius 186 Gm. October 28,1950 1479 ♂ Durion thous 865-278-129-73 October 30,1950 1480 ♂ RGS#3 Hylophilus flavipes 12.5 Gm. October 31,1950 1481 ♀ Colinus cristatus 139Gm. 1482 ♂ mouse 148-71-21-13 14.5 Gm. 1483 Teiris bicolor 10.5Gm. 1483 ♂ t=7x5mm. ad? Synallaxis albescens 18.5 Gm. 1484 ♂ t=3x1.5mm. 5null double Dalbula 20.5 Gm. Oct.18-26,1950 1485 ♂ t=6.5x ad. 5mm.Coryphaspix pileatus 16.5Gm. Nov.1,1950 1486 ♀ Crotophaga ani 1487 ♂ (coll. RCS) Synallaxis albescens 14.5Gm. 1488 ♀ Crotophaga ani 91.3Gm. 1489 Ameiva

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Honduras 1950 Catalogue 5 km. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 2, 1950 1490 ♂ t=14x9mm. Crotophaga ani 1491 ♂ Crotophaga 1491 ♂ t=10x45mm. Colinus cristatus 1492 ♂ t=5x2 mm. Syrallopia albescens 1493 ♂ ad. Flavicola ("chiro") Nov. 3, 1950 1494 ♂ ad. t=13x9mm. Psarocolius 1495 ♂ t=10x6.5mm. Colinus cristatus 1496 ♀ Crotophaga ani Nov. 4, 1950 1497 ♂ (larger one) t=9x4.5mm. Colinus cristatus 1498 Amaiva 1499 Amaiva 1500 Amaiva Nov. 3, 1950 1501 ♂ t=2x3 mm. im? Sarcoramphus 1502 Pana palmipes 1503 Bufo marinus 1504 Bufo marinus Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 5 1950 1502 Leptopastylus Pana palmipes 1503 ad. Bufo marinus 1504 im. Bufo marinus 5 km. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 6 1950 1505 collection of tadpoles

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Nordström 1950 Catalogue 5 km. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 6, 1950 1506 collection of tadpoles (from water) 1507 collection of tadpoles from froth nest * -> Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 8, 1950 1508 turtle 1509 Hyla crepitans 1510 Bufo marinus 1511 Bufo marinus 1512 Bufo marinus 1513 Bufo marinus specimens discarded for lack of space. skeleton only 1 km. S. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. 1514 ? ad. Caluromys 670-389-42-37 3806m. 1515 ?juv. " 271-151-23-20 406m. skeleton only 1516 ?juv. " 291-148-26-22 53,56m. alcohol 1517 ?juv. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. 1518 ♂♀ Phyllostomus 148-24-32-21 107,56m. 1519 ♀♂♀ " 135-24-33-21 986m. skeleton only 1520 ♂ " 145-21-22-35-27 1296m. Nov. 9, 1950 1521 turtle S.V. tail 1522 caiman (?) 734; 702 (1436mm total) Nov. 14, 195- Bozota, 8700-8800ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 14, 1950 1523 Anadia 1524 Liopholalus 1525 Phylllobates subpunctatus 1526 Phylllobates subpunctatus

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Hendrickson 1950 Catalogue Nov. 14 Bogota', 8700-8800 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 14, 1950 1527 Phylllobates subpunctatus 1528 Phylllobates subpunctatus 1529 Phylllobates subpunctatus 1530 Oedipina adonera (RCS) 1531 Oedipina 1532 Oedipina 1533 Oedipina 1534 Oedipina 1535 Oedipina 1536 snake Nov. 1 Bogota', 8500 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 15, 1950 1537 Hyla labialis 1538 Hyla labialis 1539 Hyla labialis 1540 Hyla labialis 1541 Hyla labialis 1542 Hyla labialis 1543 Hyla labialis 1544 Hyla labialis 1545 Hyla labialis 1546 Hyla labialis 1547 Hyla labialis Bogota', 8800 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia S.A. Nov. 14/1950 1548 anadia 1549 snake

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Hendrickson 1950 Catalogue Nov. 15 Bogota, 8500 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. 1550 Hyla labialis 1551 Hyla labialis 1552 Hyla labialis 1553 Hyla labialis 1554 Hyla labialis 1555 Hyla labialis 1556 Hyla labialis 1557 Hyla labialis 1558 Hyla labialis 1559 Hyla labialis 1560 Hyla labialis 1561 Hyla labialis 1562 Hyla labialis Guaia, 12km. S.E. Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. Nov. 18, 1950 1563 snake Trinidad, 1600 ft., Boyacá, Colombia, S. A. 1564 frog Leptodactylus Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. Nov. 19, 1950 1565 ♀ ad. Ameiva 1566 ♀ ad. Ameiva viridis lost as specimen kept alive, but died 1567 another egg mass ♂ ("Hyla microcephala") 1568 Hyla cropitana 1569 Hyla cropitana 1570 Hyla cropitana 1571 Hyla cropitana

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Kendrickson 1950 Catalogue Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 19, 1950 1572 frog Leptodactylus 1573 frog Leptodactylus 1574 frog Leptodactylus 1575 frog Leptodactylus Buena Vista Buena Vista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 21, 1950 1576 collection of 5 small fish 1577 collection of lizard eggs 1578 3 embryos dissected from eggs 1577 Buena Vista Villavicencio, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 21, 1950 1579 in. toad Bufo "mexicanum" 1580 frog "Kyle minuta" 1581 frog "Kyle minuta" 1582 toad Bufo maculatus 1583 // Bufo maculatus 1584 // Bufo maculatus 1585 // Bufo maculatus 1586 // Bufo maculatus Buena Vista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. 1587 frog Leptodactylus obscura 1588 frog Leptodactylus obscura Hyloxalus granuliventris RCS 1589 3 swift-water tadpoles Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 19, 1950 1590 Bufo marinus

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Hendrickson 1950 Catalogue Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 22, 1950 1591 frog 1592 im. caiman 1593 frog ✓ 1594 frog Rana palmipes ✓ 1595 " Rana palmipes ✓ 1596 " Rana palmipes ✓ 1597 " Rana palmipes 1598 " Rana palumipes 5km. S Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 23, 1950 living animal which died and was lost. #1599 Crepidophorus 1600 anole(?) 1601 frog 1602 frog 1603 tadpoles 1604 turtle 1605 Ara 1606 Ara 1607 Saimiri 4km. 22 km. W San Martin, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 25, 1950 1608 im. lizard 1609 frog 1610 toad 1611 snake

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Havrebruck 1950 Catalogue El Mico, 46km S, 22 km W of San Martin; 1600 ft; Meta, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 27, 1950 1612 Dalbula Nov. 28, 1950 1613 ♀ swimm. Jacaretinga S.V.=627mm.; Tail=559mm. alcoholic(?) bird 1614 (yellow fin.) Nov. 30, 1950 1615 ♂ skull: t=1.5x1mm. Todiostrium iris white & dark violet tarsus & feet dusty black 1616 ♀ ad. Thraupis 1617 ♀ ad. Momotus iris scarlet-brown tarsus & feet bluish alcoholic 1618 ♀ t=5x2.5mm. Syrallapis allscana 1619 ♂ Petroglossa 1620 ♀ ad. Arramonops 1621 Bafo marinus 1622 frog Nov. 19, 1950 1623 ♂ turtle 1624 ♂ gecko 1625 ♀ gecko { coll. Dr. Fred Medem Dec. 1, 1950 1626 ♂ S.V.=48cm. T=81cm.(tail tip missing) Caiman Dec. 2, 1950 46 km. S 22 km W of San Martin; 140 ft.; Meta, Colombia S.A. 1627 frog 1628 frog 1629 frog fish

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Nordricken 1950 Journal Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. to New Orleans, Louisiana Oct. 10 Dr. Robt. C. Stabbins and I left San Francisco Airport at about 8:30 and flew via Dallas, Texas to New Orleans, Louisiana. We saw no snow on the Sierras (including Mt. Whitney) as we flew over them. Landed in New Orleans at about 7:00 P.M. New Orleans, Louisiana to Miami, Florida Oct. 11 Left New Orleans Airport at about 9:00 A.M. and flew to Atlanta, Georgia, changing planes there and continuing to Miami, Florida. During the flight over the delta region of the Mississippi River, I was impressed by by the succession of vegetation which could be seen in all its stages: The stream courses were very sinuous, and frequently the water had apparently cut across the neck of a horseshoe or loop in the stream course, building bars across the ends of the cut-off section, and creating isolated crescent- crescent-shaped to horseshoe-shaped ponds of stagnant water. These were seen in various stages of plant succession, with cypresses moving in and filling the gap in the aerial vegetation until the location of a pond was obvious not by sight of the water, but by the crescent- to-horseshoe-shaped band of gray-green cypress amid the continuous dark green of

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal New Orleans, Louisiana to Miami, Florida Oct. 11 the surrounding riparian vegetation. Many stages in what appeared to be replacement of the cypress were also visible. Perhaps due to filling of the depression, a substrate developed above the waterline, and the surrounding dense riparian vegetation replaced the cypress as the ponds disappeared. Miami, Florida to Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. Oct. 12 Left Miami Airport after 9:00 A.M. (over 2 hr. delay) and flew non-stop to Baranquilla, Colombia. We passed over two islands, which we assumed to be Cuba and Jamaica. Landed in Baranquilla at about 2:30 P.M. and took off again almost immediately after a health check (smallpox vaccination certificates). Flew S up the Magdalena R. Valley. A great deal of the flat delta region of the Magdalena was flooded. I assume the large amount of water seen - almost as far as one could see from the plane - was due to flooding because house roofs visible in areas of open water, and tongues of forest projecting out into the water and disappearing (at the tips of such tongues of forest, only the tops of trees were visible). As we proceeded S, visibility became more and more limited to gaze in the clouds. I was

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Kendricksen 1950 Journal 3 Miami, Florida to Bogota', Cundinamarca, Colombia Oct. 12 able to get a few clear glimpses of what appeared to be many-storied, dense jungle on the W. foothills of the Eastern Colombian Andes. Landed in Bogota' at about 6:00 P.M. and were met by Dr. Jose Borrero, of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. Dr. Borrero had a gun permit for the shotgun, and we passed through customs without any real trouble. The authorities wanted at first to charge about 10 pesos duty on each gun, but were persuaded not to do so, largely on the evidence of the one gun being an old, much- used one. Upon leaving customs, Dr. Borrero introduced us to Dr. Fernando Osorno (an entomologist who is doubling in herpetology at the Instituto) and to Dr. Alvaro Torres-Barreto (Instituto herpetologist). (archivetarian who is also much interested in herpetology). All three men accompanied us to the Claridge Hotel in Bogota', and saw that we were satisfactorily settled there. Dr. Borrero, an ornithologist, speaks English well enough to converse easily. Drs. Osorno and Torres speak English a little, but not enough to converse in that language. All three men have been most helpful to me; particularly Dr. Borrero, who has devoted much of his time toward arranging for the guns, etc.

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Kerndrechen 1950 Journal 4 Bogota', 8500ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Oct. 13 Dr. Borrero spent most of the day with me, helping me with shopping and other business, and taking me to the Instituto for a brief visit. We met Dr. (Kerri?) Richter there; enomologist he apparently is primarily an entomologist, with an interest in birds (papers in Colombia) and herps. Drs. Torres and Osorno showed me their collection of alcoholic specimens of herps, and the following living animals which were captive at the Instituto at the time: an 11 foot Eunectes murinus (kept in a half-filled bathtub with an electric heater reflecting on it), several Hyla labiatic, two Bufo marinus, a Phoracosaum heterodermus, and a pair of Leiocephalus trochylcephaeus. Oct. 14 Spent most of the morning looking over the herp. collections at the Instituto. Just before noon, Dr. Borrero appeared with the Dept. of War gun permits. & He took me to the Servicio Biologia, and introduced me to Dr. Scott Dutiery, and Dr. Arce. These two men took me for a drive through the Parque Hato Nacional and on up the slope E. of Bogota' to a drive overlooking the city. Bogota' is a long, narrow city of about 1/2 million people, situated in an old

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal Bogota', 8500 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. Oct. 14 silted-in lake bed well up on the Western slope of the E. Colombian Andes. A church is situated high on a hill overlooking Bogota', and a cable car runs up to it. At the lower station of the cable car, we were able to find the exact elevation on a tablet in the station, and we corrected our barometer there.

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal Bogota, 8700 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. Oct. 15 Dr. Stebbins and I walked from the Claridge Hotel to the slopes bordering the city on the E. We collected together from about 3:00 P.M. to about 5:00 P.M. His notes and mine will be found to overlap and supplement each other. The slopes coming down to the city on its E side are covered with matted green grass somewhat resembling Bermuda grass—perhaps more coarse. Clover occurs interposed through the grass and a composite bush about 2 feet high grows scattered over the hillside, singly or in clumps. All over the hillside were audible a chorus of cricket-like chirps which we I am almost certain were produced by Elaeodera [illegible] Pheylla [illegible] subgeminatus. Eleutherobactylus bogotensis We collected a number of this species, and “chirps” followed as closely as possible to their source revealed one of the frogs under the rock. The noise was produced at about 2 second intervals by individuals which were singled out from the chorus. Using Dr. Stebbins pitch-pipe, we decided the main tone heard was almost exactly 2 octaves above violin A. Syllabified, the call sounded to me like: tweee <2 sec> tweee <2 sec> tweee....

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Nordriksen 1950 Journal Bogota, 8700 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Oct. 15 Perhaps the diagram of the sound should be: | .... | ..... | rather than as drawn accompanying the syllabification. On an area of hillside (about 35° W. slope) composed of much-broken (1½"-3" x 3"-6") rocks, intermixed with soil, roots and humus, and supporting many composite bushes, we hunted intensively for the frogs. Over 30 frogs were taken here, as well as 3 specimens of [illegible]. 6 egg masses were found, 3 of them attended by adult Phyllobates (?). The temperature was about 14° C. The egg masses were found in cavities under the surface rocks, resting on soil which seemed somewhat drier than more exposed soil. The soil on which the eggs rested formed a good cast which did not break on tapping in at least one instance. A light rain was falling at the time the area was worked. Over a 0 = egg mass (Bird's eye view) 12" -> 24" body

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Hardwickson 1950 Journal Oct. 15 Bogota', 8700 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. In this area was found one adult carrying a few tadpoles on its back. Slugs and cobroaches were commonly found associated with the frogs, as well as carabid beetles, geometrid larvae, and a large (1 1/2" x 3/4") flatworm, black dorsally with a narrow yellow margin & a cream-colored venter. About 75 ft. up the slope (as the frog hops) were small pools where the frogs apparently carried their tadpoles after hatching. Several adults with their backs packed with tadpoles were taken near and in the water of these pools. Young, apparently newly-metamorphosed frogs were taken in the same situation. Perhaps the tadpoles do not leave the back of the parent immediately upon reaching water -- adults loaded with tadpoles were noted swimming in the water, the tadpoles all securely attached. Further up the hillside, in an area with a partial overstory of eucalyptus and other trees (conifer), and of raspberry and other bushes, we collected in the vicinity of a small trickle of water. We collected a few tadpoles from a pool of water here, and from beneath

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Nendickson 1950 Journal Bogota, 8700ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Oct. 15 stones and other surface litter collected Eleutherodactylus bogotensis "Dark Bogota Hybrid (?)" Frog a number of Oceligus and Frogs (#1384-1403) and one small snake (#1420). Continued collecting near the lower edge of eucalyptus groves higher up yielded more specimens of Oceligus and "Frogs" (#1384-1403) Oct. 16 Spent the day arranging for camp equipment, shopping, and confering with Jose Perico (the Servicio man who is to accompany us). We will leave tomorrow; Perico will follow on the 18th, with most of the camp gear. Bogota, Cundinamarca, to Villavicencio, Huila, Colombia, S.A. Oct. 17 Left the Bogota station at about 7:00 A.M. The train traveled W. across the Bogota savannah (all cultivated or otherwise altered by man so far as I could see), then ascended the low hills on the W side of the savannah and crossed the "lip" of the old lake bed. The track followed river courses down the steep slopes to the Magdalena Valley. Just over the lip we passed through cloud forest region, and where visibility permitted, fragments of cloud forest could be seen on steep hillsides and along stream courses. Further down the slope we encountered fragments of tropical

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Kerdrickson 1950 Journal Oct. 17 Bogota, Cundinamarca, to Villavicencio, Huila, Colombia, S.A. or subtropical vegetation, again mostly along stream courses. At Girardot we started & along the Magdalena River bottom. The aspect of the country, tropical or sub-tropical moist at first, gradually became more arid. Before reaching Villavicencio, it became apparent that we were in "thorn scrub" country (but far more lush than I had expected). Bodlands and sparsely vegetated hills were evident near as we approached Villavicencio. Arriving in Villavicencio at about 7:30 P.M., we obtained a room for the night. Most of the night a hard rain fell. I estimate at least 2" fell, and cannot help but feel that this is a very conservative estimate. We are told that this is the rainy season here. Villavicencio, 1400ft, Huila, Colombia, S.A. Oct. 18 Light rain in A.M. Dr. Stebbins and I hunted, accompanied by a troupe of boys, along the railroad tracks E. of town. I shot 3 Crotophaga sulcirostris by mistake; I anticipate difficulty in distinguishing this species from C. ani. The middle of the day was spent skinning birds. At about noon the

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Nordluehson 1950 Journal Oct. 18 Villavicija, 1400 ft., Neiva, Colombia, 5 A. weather cleared, and we went out again at about 2:30 P.M., taking more birds. Returning to the vicinity of the R.R. station, we met Paulino and engaged him for a two weeks period; we probably will keep him for the full stay here. Perico arrived on the evening train Collected Rute granulosa in stream running through town (calling after with the camp gear. Dark). Oct. 19 5 km. N. Villavicija, 1400 ft., Neiva, Colombia Arranged for burros and boys to tend them, packed the gear, and left for Corbatava Camp at about 10:00 A.M. Arrived there at about noon. Dr. Stabbins and I skinned birds shot near Villavicija while Perico and Paulino set up camp. Later we set out collecting and returned to skin again before nightfall. Difficulty has been encountered in finding a supply of white gasoline, and no light was available this evening. Camp Corbatava is located about 75 lyds. E. of the R.R. track between Villavicija and Neiva. Paulino and Perico say it is 6 km. n. of town; we are writing our labels 5 km. N. to conform, to the best of our knowledge, with former workers' locality designation for this camp. The camp

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Herdwilton 1950 Oct. 19 5 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Site beside a "road" (apparently cars have navigated it in the past) which comes out from Villavieja. The surrounding countryside is largely arid, with areas of exposed clayey rock and sparse short grass occupying most of the area. There are scattered patches of thorn scrub (heavily salted with mesophytic shrubs and trees) in the bottoms of small gullies which cut the countryside everywhere I have seen so far. One of those gullies flows past camp, just W. of the campsite. This gully, in the vicinity of camp and on S. to where it joins a small quebrada flowing to the Magdalena R., is bordered (and filled) by a rather dense tangle of trees and shrubs. About 100 yards S. of camp, the "road" from Villavieja crosses a quebrada flowing W. & S.W. to the Magdalena R. (perhaps 2 mi. distant). Along this quebrada the vegetation is in spots quite thick and some tall trees can be seen. The relative permanence of flow in the above quebrada may be indicated by the occurrence of small (1"-1'1/2") fish in its waters. At night the water at the road crossing is cool to the touch; at mid-day it is quite warm to the

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Norduckson 1950 Journal 13 Oct. 19 5km N Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia S.A. Touch. See sketch map of area for further (pg. 47) details. After dark Dr. Hobbins and I walked to a banana patch about 125 gyds. S of camp (at the intersection of the above quebrada with the "road" from town), and collected anurans. We found Bufo granulosus, Hyla crepitans, and (ranid) (see species accounts). Oct. 20 Rained during the night; Perico estimates that 2" fell - I say more than 1", less than 2". Oct. 20 Perico left on overnight trip to Neiva for supplies. Collected in A.M. and prepared skins most of remainder of day. Paulino went to Villavicija for minor supplies in afternoon. Set out 25 traps (5 tree sets) around camp and at edge of brush and along stream N of camp. Oct. 21 The museum special set out last night yielded a single Oryzomyis (see species account). Collected N of camp, & spent much of day skinning. Took about an hour's walk in the afternoon. Saw a fryer-size black bird, skulking about 4ft. above ground in a dense thicket about 500 yds. S of camp. Perico returned just

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Nordruchson 1950 Journal 14 Oct. 21 5 km N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. before dusk. Set out 25 Museum Speciale; around camp (incl. 5 tree sets) and along brushy edges of quebrada 5 of camp. Dr. Stebbins and I walked about '8-1/4 mile down quebrada 5 of camp after dark. Collected Bufo granulosis, Hyla crepitans, and "ranidi" (see species accounts) Oct. 22 During the night something (bat?) afe part of one of the bananas in a basket of fruit hanging in camp. 25 traps out yielded no rodents (see Hyla crepitans species account). I left camp at about 6:15 A.M. and walked to town along the railroad track, returning by the same route and arriving in camp at about 10:00 A.M.) En route back to camp, a large, raddish-brown hawk flew low overhead, carrying a frog. At one point there is a cattle crossing across the R.R. tracks, with a cattle guard at each side of the crossing. The guard is a box-like concrete pit about 4' deep. In one I found 2 snake vertebral columns; in the other I found the remains of an armadillo. Temp, in shade, at camp at 1:30 P.M.

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Nordricken 1950 Journal 15 Oct. 22 5pm. N. Villavieja, 1400ft., Huila, Colombia, 5. A. was 32°. Paulino and Perico went frog hunting after dark, returning with about 20 "ranids" . 45-50 museum specimens set; one (baited with banana) in the fruit basket hanging in camp. Oct. 23 A bat was found in the trap set in the fruit basket [ #1436, see species account : fruit-eating bat ]. The other traps yielded one & Oryzomys (#1437) (see species account) and one 7" mouse [ #1438 ] . Perico went to Villavieja for groceries; I sent a fishhook and line and a frog with him, with instructions to set a line for the small caiman I saw in Quebrada Laja. He returned later in the day and reported no success. I walked along the quebrada 5. of camp, following it for about 2 (?) miles until it joined the Magdalena River. The stream remains small, and shallow, and clear all the way. In several quiet side pools 1" - 3" fish were seen. The vegetation in the quebrada bottom or either side of the mud-sand stream bed is dense and mesophytic in large part. In places, the stream bed is arched over by large trees.

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Kerriksen 1950 Journal 16 Oct. 23 5 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. Everywhere I observed, the monophytic riparian vegetation is in a narrow zone on each side of the stream bed. It runs through the arid thorn scrub—found generally in this region. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis (see species account) and another, larger, all-black swallow (or swift?) were seen frequently working at from 100-400 ft. elevation over the quebrada. Four large, black, wild turkey-like birds were flushed from dense tree growth about midway between camp and the Magdalena River. A black-and-white buteo-like hawk was observed, actively picking something (ticks?) off the side of a resting cow. The hawk was standing on the ground; the cow seemed oblivious to its actions. I approached to within about 20 ft. As over exposed terrain before the hawk noticed me and flew away. (#1439) A large bat was taken from an arboreal termite nest on a limb arching over the quebrada (see Phyllostomus species account.) 5 Museum Specimens (labeled with barbara)

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Nordickson 1950 Journal 17 Oct. 23 5km. N Villanueva, 1400ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. set for bats, 3 tree sets, and 42 ground sets for rodents. Two small stakes set in R.R. culverts. After 5 days in camp, we remain well- satisfied and pleased with our two helpers, Jose Perico, of the Servicio Geologico in Bogota', and Paulino of Villanueva. Both are good and willing workers and pleasant companions. Paulino has proved to be a talented, clean cook. We feel that we have a surplus of hired help, but hope to keep them both for our entire stay here. Oct. 24 Another bat (#1443) baited trap (in the fruit basket) this morning (see species account). I worked during the morning W. of camp, first along quebrada margins, later on the high flata (arid scrub) WNW of camp about (Colima). 1 mile. Collected 2 quail (see species account). Crotophaga sulcirostris was again collected from a loose flock of 10-12 birds. These high flata are covered with small islands of brush, rather closely set, with "corridors" of open (short grass-covered) ground between

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal Oct. 25 5 km. N. Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. the islands. The tall candelabra-like ("cardoz") cactus common to the region is rather abundant here. I collected several orchid-like epiphytes off the green stems of this cactus. In the afternoon Perico and Paulino took a piece of diaper cloth and a strainer and collected 81 fish (#1452) and a partly-metamorphosed tadpole (#1451) from the quebrada 3 of camp. Three types of fish can easily be distinguished in the collection they obtained. I bought a small, very tame parrot from 2 girls who brought it and another out to sell to me. I seem to be unable to develop any immunity to gnat bites. I estimate that at the present time I am accumulating my third series of "bites-upon-bites" on the skin of my forearms. It is difficult to stop writing about the exquisite irritation of these solidly-massed bites! At about 9:00 P.M. I heard a Durioyon thou's "whine" near camp. At least the cry I heard (almost like that of a newborn infant) immediately reminded me of the voice of this animal as 18

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November 1950 Journal 19 Oct.24 5.A.M. N.Villavicencio,1400ft. Huila, Colombia, 5-A. described & imitated by Bill Clarke at (his experience in Honduras) M.V.Z. I shot the animal about 30 min. Brilliant moonlight later. The grass on the high plate of camp seems greener than it is around camp, and an oxalis-like plant is growing vigorously in spots, forming verdant beds about 4"-5" high. 50 Museum specles set; 5 with barana for bats, 45 for rodents (around camp and around barana patch 5. of camp). Oct.25 Nothing in traps. Day spent in skinning Dusicyon and a Caluromys (brought in by neighboring farmer - see species account); and in placing good collections and other materials in order. Tried unsuccessfully to noose an iguana this morning. Observed free male Forpus "feeding" ownr captive ? (see species account). saw two Lanceorarnphus? (see species account). Night started clear; overcast by 9:00 P.M. 37 traps out. Oct.26 Nothing in traps. Peroico went to Neiva for supplies. I walked 5 of camp onto high plate 5 of quebrada, the grass seems greener at the higher

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 20 Oct. 26 at 5 A.M. N. Villarrica, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. levels. The "oxalis-like" plant is plentiful there, about 4"-6" high. On closer inspection, it is not a four- part, oxalis-like leaf, but a pinnate begonia-like leaf of more than 4 leaflets. Is it Tiliopora biapcularis? Many Coryphosaurus seen (see species account). Clove-like lizard taken in thick thorn scrub (see species account) anole (?)). Deetail calling in (Columa) several spots on high flat. The morning was cloudy and it looked like rain - very sultry - but cleared in 8. W. & night started clear. About '1/2" rain fell in the very early morning. Jacklighted Procyon, Sylvilagus (see species accounts), and another animal (cat ?). Was unable to approach the last. Paulino and a friend went out jacklighting later without success. 37 traps out. Heard. Oct. 27 Howlerus calling during night (see sp. account) Oct. 27 Nothing in traps. Skinned Procyon which I shot last night, and spent most of remainder of day skinning

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Kernduckem 1950 Journal 21 Oct. 27 5 km N Villavieja, 1400 ft, Huila, Colombia, S.A. birds. Dr. Stelbrink shot 7 C. avi from flock W of R.R. bridge near camp. 40 traps out. Shot Durisyon (see species account) Oct. 28 Nothing in traps. Worked down quebrada 5 of camp (this is "Quebrada Carbetana") and up side quebradas. Took C. avi (see species account); saw Eg. "Eg. Inabide, selbich roid", and took one Stelgidopteryx (see species accounts). Quail were (Colonia) encountered several times in their brush near the main and side stream. Chachalacas (?) were calling vigorously in a patch of dense woods about 1/8 mi. W. of camp. Flushed 6-8 individuals. Perico and Paulino went out jacklighting; catched a Marmosa (see species account). shot a Durisyon (see species account) in quebrada 5. of camp. 36 traps out. Oct. 29 Nothing in traps. Spent early part of day around camp, skinning Durisyon, and doing miscellaneous chores, and watching vultures, etc., which came to dog carcass. In late afternoon, set 2 steels, and set ? Museum specials in tall grass beside R.R. tracks near the bridge. Perico shot a large

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Nerdrickson 1950 Journal 22 Oct. 29 5 km. N. Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, 5. A goatsucker (# 1478) in a tree near camp. This, Paulino says is the "curmanui" (we had assumed it to be an owl). We are not convinced. The skeleton and sample feathers are preserved. Went jacklighting with Panico and Paulino; we walked down the road to Quebrada Lajas, followed the Quebrada to the R.R. tracks, and came home via the tracks. Saw about 2 goatsuckers (Rectidromus) (small) and about 10 rabbits. Heard calls of anteaters frequently (see Tamandua species account) Oct. 30 Walked to high place W. of camp, looking Colinus for quail. Found two in same place viatorius A found covery on Oct. 24; took one (the third ? from this place). The other bird called intermittently, but I was unable to collect it. The so-called "ovalis-like plant", which may be Adigera bicapularis, has leaflets: fff - there is no unpaired terminal leaflet. A low (3"-4") yellow-flowered leguminous plant was abundant. Several floches of C. subacrostes were

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Nerdrickson 1950 Journal 23 Oct. 30 5pm N Villavieja, 1400ft, Huila, Colombia, S.A. encountered; they were very shy. (Spermophila) (Forus) Many seedeaters and parrots were seen here, feeding near and on the large casti. Three rabbits were seen. 40 traps out. Oct.31 Rained almost all day. Took guail just N of camp and Sycralapis at edge of camp (see species accounts). One house mouse (?) in trap in tall glass beside RR tracks just N of bridge. Walked N on road running past camp. Passed most of the way through badlands and generally barren country. Saw guail twice. (see species account). Nov. 1 Walked to Villavieja via R.R. tracks, leaving camp at about 6:10 A.M. Collected an im. (?) & C. ani en route. Saw guail twice. The small caiman previously seen at Iusbraba Saja's bridge was not seen today. In church, heard bats squeaking during the service. Started back to camp at about noon. Collected Ameliva near Villavieja (see species account) and saw three more. Guail calling on return trip,

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Nordricken 1950 Journal 24 Nov. 1 5km. N. Villavieja, 1400ft., Acala, Colombia, S.A. Stopped at point just 5. of Juebrada Fajas bridge to look at spot on river bank where Paulino had seen a large caiman in times past. Faw sore. Paulino saw what was apparently an iguana here. This area is one of tall, closely-spaced trees growing to the river banks, with many vines and relatively little understory green vegetation. Returned to camp at about 1:30 P.M. and spent rest of day skinning. Nov. 2 Walked via R.R. tracks to a point about 1/8 mile S. of Juebrada Fajas bridge, and returned to camp by same route. See species accounts of Amauro, Colinus, Oryzolasia, Flavicola, Forpus conspicillatus, Brotogeris, caiman, Volatinia, Crotophaga ani, C. subcinestris. Returned to camp at about 1:00 P.M., skinned, and prepared specimens. Day was very hot and sultry; little over-cast. Bird calls and songs decrease noticeably in frequency with increase in heat in late morning it seems to me. Juebrada Fajas and Mezolera

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 25 Nov. 2 5 A.M. N Cerbatara, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. River running very muddy, but Duebrada Cerbatara clear again, as usual. 20 Museum Speciales and two steels out. Nov. 3 Heavily salted with tiny ticks tonight. 20 traps out. Nov. 3 Nothing in traps. Walked down Duebrada Cerbatana to Magdalena River, and Along the river bank for a short distance, and returned to camp. See species accounts: Stelgidopteryx, (Dramifer) 'fretus non', Ameiva, C. ani, Psarcolius, Colinus. Smored young Ameiva at edge of camp in thorn brush. An afternoon walked over high plate 5 of camp. I have noted three kinds of termites in this area: a small species which builda tunnele and "nests on fence posts; a larger species with minute soldiere which build arboreal "nests" and tunnels (see bat #14399 Brotogeris (Phyllostomus) and another larger (than 1st above) species which build soil towers on open, rather barren, ground. The last species has "orthodox" soldiere. At night I walked, with jacklight, down R.R. tracks to vicinity of Duebrada Fajas and returned via same route. See species accounts: Lyliolagen, adivan, poor-will, Hylaeospiza

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Nordricson 1950 Journal 26 Nov. 4 5km N Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. Oropendula (?) flew into lg. tree in center of camp during breakfast this 4 M. I walked with Perico about 2 km. N along tracks, then E to road. On the ballards between the tracks and the road, Perico pointed out many fossil fragments, mostly tortoise and crocodile. Arriving at the Gutierrez home (on the road), we hunted for Ameiva and snares for, then walked or E & NE to the place where a dead horse was attracting many vultures. We failed to find any Sarcoramphus present. The people living nearby told me that the horse was killed by a rattlesnake. How they presume to know, I cannot tell. Returning to the vicinity of the Gutierrez home, we snared two more Ameiva before starting back to camp. In late afternoon, Dr. Stebbins and I went to the first R.R. culvert N of the bridge, where he had seen some bate earlier in the day. This tunnel is almost closed with silt and weeds at the W end, and opens on a dense tangle of vegetati

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Nordicison 1950 Journal 27 Nov.4 5 km. N Villavija, 1400 ft., Kiuia, Colombia, S.A. or its E. end; it is quite dark at all times, compared to the other, more open culverta nearby. We took four bats (R.C. Stelbins # 4998 - #5001 ). Three were hanging from the ceiling; one apparently was hanging from a wall, near the base of the wall- it was not seen until it began to fly. For today, see species accounts for: Celines, Ameiva, Black Vulture, Larcoromphus, Psacrolinus Nov.5 Walked to Villavija with Perico (via R.R. tracks) leaving camp at about 6:00 A.M. and returning at about 12:30 P.M. Purchased 'Bana palmipes'(#1502) and received gift of two Bufo marinus (#1503 & #1504). Purchased iguana (R.C. Stelbins # 5002) for temperature experiments. Worked on temperature works, note-writing, and misc. chores in afternoon and evening. Frog chime (Leptodactylus?) in cavana patch just S. of camp seemed to diminish with a wind rise which occurred at about 7:30 P.M.

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 28 Nov. 5 5 km. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. See species accounts: Stelgidopteryx, Sylvallaxis, Colinus, Crotophaga ani, Sarcoramphus for today. Nov. 6 Cleaned Sarcoramphus skeleton and wrote notes in A.M. Collected Tadpoles from puddles in banana patch S. of camp in afternoon. Besides the Bufo (?) tadpoles (14505) there was another type (#1506) present. At about 7:00 P.M. Dr. Stabbin and I went to banana patch S. of camp to work on anurans. We returned to camp during a light rain at about 9:30 P.M., then resumed work in the banana patch till almost 11:00 P.M. The anuran chorus seemed to subside some- what during the rain. No Hylo crepitans were heard. See species accounts for Bufo granulosus, Bufo tadpoles, Leptobates minuta, L. lineata, Leptolabistes brothersii (#1507) Nov. 7 At 10:30 A.M. Paulino found an Oxybelis crossing R.R. tracks near camp (see Dr. Stabbin's species account this date). He shot ite

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Nordickson 1950 Journal Nov. 7 5 A.M. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Head off. Perico shot 4 "Leptotilaa" (see species account) In P.M., tested critical maximum Temp & Death point of Areiroa (#1499) - see species account. At about 4:00 P.M. began breaking camp. At about 5:30, loaded gear on "moso" (= "planchita" = flat car) and went to Villavieja. Arrived at town at about 7:00, stored most of gear at R.R. Station and went to room in town to sleep. Nov. 8 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Visited the town priest in the morning, obtaining his permission to collect in the church tower and the cemetery chapel. Went to the chapel before lunch; saw a Threadactylus, but could not collect it. After lunch, Dr. Hebbins, Perico Paulino, and I went to the island next to town. We crossed the river between the island and town in Paulino's canoe - a long, dugout made from a single log. The island is rather large; I can make only the most casual guess as to its size: perhaps 1/2 km. long by 1/2 km. wide

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal Nov. 8 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. at its widest point. My guess is that about 10 ft. was its maximum elevation above the river level on this day. The river is a muddy torrent and its level changes radically depending on rains which augment its flow. The river has - in most parts (so far as I could determine) a cobble bottom, and cuts between clay banks thickly interwoven with roots. It is bordered by a zone of riverside woodland, broken in many spots by banana fields of varying sizes. The island bears a dense, tangled woodland in some spots, in other portions it is covered by park-like grassland, with scattered large trees and 3' - 5½' coarse grass. There are several fields of bananas and other tree crops on the island, and apparently some people live in huts on the island - at least temporarily at certain seasons. A herd of cattle is kept there, also. There are many sand and mud bars at the edges of the island (mainly W side and N end), and bushy thickets of willow- like small trees grow in some of these

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Hendrickson 1950 31 Journal Apr. 8 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. places. A small stream (perhaps others not seen, also) drains the island. It was up to 6" deep, 3'-4' wide when seen. At the point where this stream joins the river is the place where Paulino led us to look for a caiman: fallen tree stream draining island = sloping sand- mud banks on bar O = 2 places where claw and drag marks seen quiet water of "charco" swift water of river (see spacier account, caiman) We proceeded on to a point which I believe is about central on the island. In a banana patch there, we talked with a man who had killed and buried a snake the day before. We excavated the animal - a boa - and Dr. H[illegible] Stibbins kept the skin and head. In this same patch we worked around a 25'x70'x6"-10" deep pool, containing dead and rotting banana leaves. I collected a turtle and saw the dead shell of a large

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 32 Nov. 8 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Neila, Colombia, S.A. hard snail: [illegible]. Dr. Stebbins and I collected some tadpoles from the water of the pool. We heard occasional anuran (?) voices, but were unable to find any frogs. Near the pool I saw, but could not collect, a hummingbird with what appeared to be a 3"-4" troquet tail; it was feeding at a banana flower when seen. We left the banana patch to look for the white Crotophaga (chirijuelo blanco) which Paulino was very anxious to show us. We found more; he says he has seen them most frequently in the morning hours. During our walk about the island, Paulino told me that on occasions the water rises sufficient to inundate all the soil; at such times the town boys come to catch rabbits, etc. which are stranded in bushes and trees. Dr. Stebbins saw a snake, but was unable to collect it. Returning to the "caiman's lair", we set a large

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 33 Nov. 8 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. hook baited with a dove. We returned to the town shore and went for a short swim in the river. This consisted of walking upstream about 1/2 block, jumping in, and going down at what seemed great speed while we swam for shore again. With water at nipple height, I was quite powerless to stand against the current. At waist height, I could catch and hold for short periods, but could not advance against the current. After the swim, had a "tinto" (coffee) at Paulino's home and then went back to our room. Dr. Stollwe, Benicio, and I returned to the chapel and were unsuccessful in another attempt to collect the Pharadactylus. We did collect three Phyllostomus (see species account). All four of us went out to the riverside woods, checking the caiman hook from a distance and collecting anurans. Doroth Calderon brought us (for sale) a Caluromys (see species account). At about 10:00

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Kerwileton 1950 Journal 34 Nov. 8 Villavieja, 1400ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. P.M., Paulino and I made another trip to the chapel, collecting nothing there. The plant which I have seen in green, apparently vigorous, growth on the high plate near Camp Cerbetara (Adipora bicaularis?) also grows around the cemetery in abundance. Paulino and Perico say it reaches a height of about 3ft. On this night we observed the striking posture of its leaves at night: In the day time the plant appears (roughly) like this: At night: The leaflets of opposite sides are closely appressed, and the three pairs folded as closely as possible into one unit. The terminal pair inside, the bottom-most pair outside. The striking thing to me, as best I can recall it, is that all surfaces presented outward in the folded position are those which form the undersides in the expanded (Day) position (necessitating a full 180° twist of the leaflet petioles?)

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Nordickson 1950 Journal 35 Nov. 8 Villaviza, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, 5 A. reversal of the position of the leaflet-bearing stom). Rain during the night. See species accounts of: Hyla crepitans, Bythosaurus, L. major, Therodactylus, Gonatodes caiman, Kinosternon, Colinus cristatus, Forpus conspicillatus, Croto. phaga ani, Hylophilus flavipes, Synallaxis albecone, Flavicolla, Volatinia , Phyllotomus Sylvilagus floridanus, Caluromys Nov. 9 The town priest visited us at about 8:00 A.M., to see our specimens and ask about our work. I skinned and prepared specimens, instructing Perico and Paulino. Josele Calderon brought (gift) another specimen of Kinosternon. The river is higher and faster today, apparently as a result of heavy rains higher up along its drainage. Even Paulino deemed it inadvisable to attempt a crossing to the island today. 50 Museum specimens out, Dr. Stobbin and I setting 25 in riverside woods W of cemetery. A Marmosa was purchased this evening. Dr. Stobbin and I collected

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Herdrickson 1950 Journal 36e Nov. 9 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. in low river side woods just W of chapel, after dark. Hyla crepitans here were in the strongest chorus we have heard to date. Met and collected Cricket frogs for first time here. One Microhyla was traced and finally collected. L. lineata and L. minuta were in good chorus here, L. lineata strongest, as previously noted for vicinity of Villavieja. Collected Caiman 4 at adjacent pool to one where most of anuran works done. On return trip to room, Dr. Robbins finally collected the Thecabyctylus from the chapel (.22 shot shell). At about 2:30-3:00 A.M. noted small bats flying around the rooves of ripe bananas hung in the room. Stove has apparently broken down. To facilitate recording of species accounts for today, a sketch map has been made of the main collecting locality. Reference can be made to it from species accounts for today (see following page). For today see species accnts for: Caiman, Hyla crepitans, Microhyla, L. lineata, L. minuta, L. major, Cricket frogs.

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(RHS) N(CRS) Hendrickson 1950 Villaricia 1400 ft, Neiva, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 9, 1950 Magdalena River pass 37 bananas corn grass X eat tree frog L. major X Caiman RCS Photo bananas muddy sand muddy water of pools Microhyla Cricket Frogs heard (approximate) " " collected X = tree (shown for general reference only - not in exact placement); foliage shown much reduced - actually overhangs much of water, etc. grass corn fence im. L. minuta hillside, with trees, dense brush, and grass (25 Museum Specials set here-Nov. 9) cemetery chapel

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Handbookson 1950 Journal 38 Nov. 10 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Neila, Colombia, S. A. Nothing in traps. Spent most of Day preparing specimens and packing. The stove is broken beyond our power to repair it, and we are leaving tomorrow for Bogota. Sent part of gear by freight today; the rest will go with us as baggage. This [illegible] P.M. we spent a social evening at Paulino's home. Paulino says that the landscape we see at this time is greener in every way than it is at any other time of year. Nov. 11 Left Villavieja at about 7:20 A.M. Duebrada Fajas was running muddy and medium-high (about as it was when we arrived). Duebrada Cerbataana was running almost clear, but higher than "normal" for our stay at Camp Cerbatana. Feeling at a loss to making any intelligent description of all the country passed through on route to Bogota, and not desiring to write another day's of it, 17 journal in reverse, I have devoted my time to an English-Spanish list of names of animals, giving the Villavieja names so far as I can determine them.

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Journal Narriiskom 1950 Nov. 11 Villavieja to Bogota, Colombia, S.A. Collected list of English-Spanish names of animals-Villavieja vicinity ly. capcilian (or eel?) which ? can be taken or hork in "arguilla" Magdalena River Bufo granulosus Bufo marinus general for all toads "sago" "sago grande" all frogs "rana" or "rano" tadpole "rinacajo" Iguana "iguana" Ameiva "lobon" Gremidophorus "logartijo" (general name) Doratodes "juliana" Thesadactylus "salamoncja" ? snake "logarto liso" "lind racer" - "savanera" "scarlet kingsnek" - "corol" rattlesnake - "cascabel" ? kushmaster? - "taya eccie" kinosternon - "morocoy" land tortoises - "tortuga" (general) Caiman - "babilla" ? Crocodylus - "caiman"

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Nordrierson 1950 Journal 40 Nov. 11 Villavieja - to Bogota, Colombia, S.A. Collected list of English-Spanish names of animals-Villavieja and vicinity. Tyrannus melancholicus "pitahui" all swallows and swifts "golondrina" night hawk "golondrina blanca" goatucker "currucaí; currucaí" Colinus cristatus "perdis"; "codornice" Black Vulture - "chulu", "samuro", "glero" Turkey Vulture - "guala" "King Vulture (Sarcovamphus)" rey gallinazo" "Caracara" "guaraguao" "Chaachalaca" "guacharaca" Iramides "chilaco" Pearseolius "mushilaro; propende" Columbigallina passer - "tortolita", "gorozó" Frogue conspicillatus - "periquito", "cascabelito" ( general) Aratinga "cataraca" Brotogeria - "periquito de congoa; congenero" Parrot (general) - "loro" Leptotila o Zenaidura - "tortula"; "pechiblanca" (zororo) Cryptophaga (all spp.) - "giriguelo" (Successfully communicated differences in species: C. ani - "giriguelo de pico liso" C. interstria "de pico rayado" C. major grande de pico liso que vive cerca del rio" ("lejos blancos")

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 41 Nov. 11 Villareja to Bogota, Colombia, S. A. Collected list of English-Spanish names of animals - Villareja and vicinity. Termillion Flycatcher - "Santa Maria" hawk (general) - "garilán" small carion hawk - "pichilingo" sparrow hawk - "sarvicato" owns (general) - "lechuza" Hummingbird (general) - "tuningo", chupaflores Flavicolla - "chivo" heron (general) - "gansa" duck (general) - "pato" Cyanocorax - "chauchau" Columba - "torcaza" rata (general) - "raton" Marmosa - "lirion" tamandua - "oso ormigero" Dusicyon - "zorzo" Didelphis - "chuchu", chuchá Procyon - "cosumbo pate banco" Caluromys - "comadreja" armadillo - "armadillo" rabbit - "conejo" monkey - "mono" matamort - "mico" skunk - "mapuro"

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Kendrickan 1950 Journal Nov. 12 Bogota, 8500 ft. Colombia, S.A. Most of day spent in bed, and resting. Both Dr. Stabbins and myself are suffering digestive disturbances. My mind being turned upon myself as it is today, I can think of nothing to contribute other than descriptions of invertebrate pests encountered in the vicinity of Villavieja. Unless the reader wishes forewarning for a trip to the area, the notes which follow are probably valueless. A species of gnat, about 1 mm. long, proved very troublesome to me (less so to Dr. Stabbins). They are apparently much more common in other nearby areas; if so, I would not enjoy visiting those other areas. Their bite is apparently painless to most, and unnoticed during the process. I felt them bite most of the time. A short time after the bite a small (2-5 mm.) red weal appears. With Dr. Stabbins, these began to itch the next 12-24 hours, and upon scratching, swelled to white, raised areas resembling mosquito bites. On the natives, they never seem to form more than the weals—more strongly so on infants, less so on adults. In my case, itching of an

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Kerndickson 1950 Journal 43 Nov. 12 Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. intense, burning variety began 10-40 minutes after being bitten. Our insect repellent, the Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation product known as "6.12" gave fairly good protection to Dr. Stebbins, less protection to me. At times, the entire skin surface of my forearms and neck was swollen, whitened, and hard to the touch from bites. Some sort of (chigger-like?) aquatic invertebrate is encountered in the pools or "charcos" of the region. It is known locally as "savanon" or "candellilla". The natives say it is encountered in the muddy, stagnant pools—not in clear, running water. Probably in the course of our work on anurans, I obtained one infestation. The creature bores under the skin, apparently preferring the skin between the digits. It is most common between the toes here; I, with well-protected feet, yet was attacked between the middle and ring fingers of one hand. The animal creates a short, suppurating tunnel through the dermis, and eventually an ulcerous

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Nordickson 1950 Journal 44. No. 12 Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. 8500 ft. sore forms in the area. I treated the sore repeatedly with iodine, merthiolate and formalin, to no apparent avail. Finally I scraped the whole wound out as deeply as I could bear. I removed one small, discrete object about 1mm. long x .3-.4 mm. diam. on which we could see what appeared to be three pairs of chitinous claws or vestigial legs. I then treated the opened wound liberally with iodine. Today, 3 days later, the sore is again weeping. We were told that there was little or no mosquito problem around Villavieja or Corbetana Camp. This was quite true except during our night works on anurans, done in damp, often swampy places. Even then, most of the mosquitoes Dr. Stobbins saw were ones I pointed out, biting me. Small ticks were at intervals encountered in numbers - apparently we most often picked them up when wading through dense grass and brush along Quebrada Corbetana, a short distance W of the RR tracks. These showed a predilection for the

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Hendriksen 1950 Bogota Journal Nov. 12 Bogota, Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. general region and for regions where clothing fit tightly. Encountering the glans of the penis, they would almost completely bury themselves in the tissue. In other areas, only the head would be buried. These ticks were about 1/2 mm. in diam. Having vented my spleen, I must reassure the reader that my memory of Cerbetara Camp and Villavicencio is a most pleasant one, not a horror! Nov. 13 Day spent shopping and trying to negotiate most profitable money exchange, and attending to mise. chores. The best exchange we were offered today was $3.20 Colombian for $1.00 U.S. We charged $30.00 and will wait for a possible better exchange. Today was a beautiful sunny day - the first really sunny day we have seen in Bogota! Nov. 14 In morning visited Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, talking with Drs. Borrero, Dichter, and Ozorno. Looked again at the herp. collections (next 2 pages - Nov. 13)

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J.A. Hendriksen 1950 journal Nov. 13 5 km. N Villareja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. Map of collection localities of Birds: Oct. 19-Nov. 4, 1950 (see other side)

J. A. Hendrickson 1950 Nov. 13 Key to Map, showing places of collection of birds collected Oct. 19 to Nov. 4, 1950, while at Camp Cerbatana. (Map copied from Dr. Stabbins for uniformity - some localities thus not shown). X Sporophila X Tyrannus X Columbizzella X Tropicus Hylophilus X Lyrallaxis X Cingulopsirua X Stelgidopteryx Colinus X Crotophaga mesa

Guebrada Lajas Villavieja- -San Alfonso Road Railroad mesa Farmhouse mesa x Quebrada Cerbetana camp (X-1km N) = Bananas = R.A. Bridge = R.R. Culvert W N

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 46 Nov. 14 Bogota, 8500ft.; Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. and tentatively identified some of the material we have collected. Dr. Borrero gave us a rat skin and skeleton for Dr. Pearson. Drs. Richter and Ozorno offered us a live specimen of a Boa which they had collected; they will keep it alive for us until we return from Villavicencio. At 1:30 P.M. we held a conference with Paulino and Perico, and agreed upon a satisfactory termination of their employment with us. At about 4:00 P.M. we walked up on the hills at the E. side of the city, accompanied by Paulino. We re-visited the pool at which we previously (Oct. 15) collected tadpole-carrying Phylllobates, and found them again. We then worked along the slopes higher-up, above the road and above a canal running above the road. See species accounts # for hybrid (?) frog, Phylllobates subpunctatus, Obojus , Iradia, and Lioccephalus. Dr. Stebbins collected 2 snakes (Atractus Leinadophis ). Returning along the road at dusk, we heard

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Nordribsen 1950 Journal 49 Nov. 14 Bogota', 8500 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. [illegible] Phyllodactylus) two anuran (?) voices which I believe may well have represented 2 other species. One was probably myel (?) frog. (Extracted from today's entries in pocket notebook): Jose Borrero, of Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Bogota, hunting near Toraima (No Dirarbot) in Magdalena Valley on Nov. 11 & 12, 1950, killed 32? and 30? and 10? Colinus critatus. All males had enlarged testes; all females had enlarged ovaries and/or ovidecal eggs. One female when flushed, dropped an egg while in flight. Between Nov. 18 Nov. 12, clearing operations on 4 hectares of land in same place (Near Toraima) resulted in finding of 14 rattlesnakes, 2 "scis" (bushmaster?), and 2 "corales" (coral or king snakes?) Nov. 15 Wrote notes and attended to miscellaneous chores downtown in the morning. In P.M. (3:00?) went with Perico, Paulino, and Alfredo (waiter in our hotel) to Instituto, leaving the Villavieja skins and gonads in Borrero's lab. for safekeeping while we are in Villavicencio. Borrero gave me the skin and skull (crushed)

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Nordbrickson 1950 Journal Nov. 15 Bogota, 8500 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. of a rat killed near the lab. building (?). This specimen is for Dr. Pearson. Dr. Richter gave me three letters of introduction (and request to aid me) which were to me in Villavicencio. Those letters are to: 1. Sr. Don Alfredo Lopez, Manager, Meta Hotel 2. Corredor, Instituto Roberto Franco 3. Chief of Police, Meta. 4. Sr. Comandante de la Brigada, Meta. From the Instituto we walked to the Servicio Geologico and W from the Servicio a few blocks to a meadow in which we studied Hyla labialis (see species account). Nov. 16 Changed money. Went to Laboratorio y Museo del Servicio Geologico (963, Carrera 15), and with the help of Perico and Paulino, re-packed our gear stored there in preparation for the Villavicencio trip. Most of the gear will be kept there while we are in Villavicencio. Perico will care for three live animals and the Canaan skin until we return. Paid Perico off today. Bought airplane tickets to Villavicencio.

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal Nov. 16 Bogota, 8500 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. Wrote notes and worked with specimens most of afternoon. In the evening Paulino and Perico came, with the cLaundress (almost all our clothes now are clean). We said our goodbyes to Paulino and Perico tonight. Paulino leaves Tomorrow A. M. for Villavieja. He will send 2 live pairs of Cnemidophorus and 10 gorad-preserved pairs ____________ to Perico, to be picked up when we return from Villavicencio. Nov. 17 Revisited collecting locality for Phyllobates subpunctatus, Odellus, "Orte Bogota Keyed (?)" etc. Dr. Stebbins took 2 color & 1 black and white pictures of pool where we found tadpole-carrying Phyllobates (pictures are looking 5, the length of the pool). He took 2 black & white pictures of the Odellus - Anadia, etc. locality further up the slope (on is front view of slope, looking up it, other is "profile" view). I collected large and small tadpoles (# ) from roadside pool below Odellus-Anadia, etc., Locality. Pool was to 4" deep, 7'x20' (?), with some emergent grass. tadpoles were found there.

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Nordviksson 1950 Journal 52 Nov. 17 Bogota to Villavicencio, Colombia, S.A. Left Bogota airport at 2:35 P.M., riding in a 2-engine (Douglas?) plane. Trip through the pass and down the E. slope of the E. Andes was much more smooth than we had expected. At one point fairly near Bogota, I cought a clear glimpse (through the clouds) of what appeared to be a parallel series of major faults: Profile of mts., E-W vertical folde: E-> Coming down the E. slope of the E. Andes, I saw great areas of what appeared to be cloud forest; further down there were immense vistas of densely forested slopes, dotted with flowering trees. Landing at Villavicencio Airport, and driving from the airport to town, I received the impression that there are many areas of tropical vegetation rather close to the town. One large stream, and several small ones, crossed during the ride to town looked fast and clear. The country, from a vehicle window, looks most promising for our purposes. Had to undergo inspection by a

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Nordvickson 1950 Journal 53 Nov. 17 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. security office upon our arrival in town; they are mainly interested in looking for incendiaries, we are told. We must register with that office first ting Tomorrow—A.M. Registered at the Meta Hotel; the hotel is delightful— luxurious by comparison with the Claridge, and cheaper. Sr. Don Alfredo Lopez, the manager (owner?) has welcomed us most cordially; Dr. Richters letter had an electrifying effect. Nov. 18 [illegible]. Registered at local Security Office in A.M. They informed us there that we should have registered at the Bogota' office also. We are asked to do this upon our return to Bogota'. A friend made in the Security Office obtained a ride for us in an army truck, and we went to Apiay, the army base, to request "salvoconductos" from the commanding officer. Apiay is about 12 km. S.E. of Villavicencio. The commanding officer, Coronel Pedro A. Muñoz, was in Bogota'; Mayor Eduardo Mutis-Harker was

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 5.4 Nov. 18 Villavicencio, 1600ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. in command. The major and several other officers talked with us; they recommended that we determine first the areas of the llanos we wish to enter, then return to obtain "salvoconductos". We were treated with extreme courtesy and friendliness at the army base, as I believe the rest of today's journal will indicate. We remained for lunch as guests at officers mess, and spent a pleasant social interval with them. Subteniente Luis Carlos Muñoz had a pet "tigre", about 2 months old, and very tame. It was about the size of a house cat, dark brown and light tan striped. Each ear (posterior surface) had a '1/2" - 3/4" diam white spot. Was this a Felis cacomithi? It was obtained in this region. They said it had reached almost its full size. On the base we obtained two recently-killed snakes (see species accounts of Lampropeltis and Leptodeira). At about 1:00 we were invited to go along on a flight to

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Novr 18 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. Trinidad, about 255 km. N.E. of Villavicencio, in Boyaca (Dept.). Various officers told us many snake and animal stories, including finding an anaconda 3 meters long near officer's quarters (they dispatched men to try to find it again, unsuccessfully), a "babilla" (Caiman) found in the building (officer's quarters), a frog (Microhyla?) which is very common near the base in the rainy season ("it makes a noise like a cow or calf"), and a fish in the local streams which is attracted by blood in the water and consumes wounded animals very rapidly. (this fish story came up incidental to an account of caiman hunting - "it's easy to shoot a caiman with a rifle, but usually the fish eat it up before one can retrieve it from the water"). These men tell us that the rainy season is about April to June, and that we are in the dry season now ("it is driest in Dec. - March"). A fairly heavy rain fell yesterday afternoon and again this afternoon - we are told that this much rain is unusual at this time of year.

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Karlukhan 1950 Journal Nov. 18 Villavicencio, Meta, to Trinidad, Boyaca, Colombia, S.A. At about 1:00 P.M. we left the air strip in a two-motored Douglas plane. Tenientes Gustavo Castillo and Horacio Riveros were pilot and co-pilot, respectively. Our route included the following points: Apiay; junction of Rio Meta and Rio Upia; Mani (town); Rio Cravo Sur near town of Emeralda; crossed Rio Pauto, and E. to Trinidad. Most of the time we flew between 1000 and 1600 ft. altitude. The direction of flight was first easterly (along the general course of the Rio Meta?) then N.E. & N. On the first portion of the flight (nearer course of sizable streams ?) we flew over many large tracts of forest, separated by areas of llanos grassland. Large trees covered with canary-yellow flowers were spotted over the forested areas, and palms of several varieties seemed to be an important component of the forest tree flora. Most of the rivers seen appeared to be muddier than the clear rushing streams around Villavicencio, but they did not seem to be as heavily loaded

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Kerdrick 1950 Journal 57 Nov. 18 Villavicencio, Meta to Trinidad, Boyaca, Colombia, S.A. with sediment as the rivers of the Magdalena Valley. Some signs of rapids were noted, especially in the larger streams, but my impression is that these streams are not raging torrents like the Magdalena when I saw it. The major portion of the flight (from about the Rio Meta - Rio Upia junction on?) was over almost continuous llanos, broken by rather narrow, meandering lines of forest along small stream courses. A number of smoke plumes were seen on the llanos; our hosts told us that this is the dry season, and that burning is carried on "to promote a fast growth of good cattle feed". They said that occasionally fierce grass fires result, burning immense areas of the llanos. Although this is the "dry season", the llanos were liberally dotted with areas of open water. In some areas, I could clearly see much grass-covered swampland with standing water visible between the grass-knuckshes and trees.

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Hendrickson 1956 Journal Nov. 18 Villavicencio, Meta, to Trinidad, Boyaca, Colombia, S.A. After the take-off, I sat in the co-pilot's seat for most of the flight to Trinidad, and had an excellent view out of side window and the front windows. In one region of many ponds we saw flocks of large pink (flamingo?) and white birds. I received the impression that all colors were present from the pure rosy pink to white; Dr. Stabbin's thought recalls only the two colors with no intergrades. Dried and partially-dried stream courses, pond beds, and swampy areas were frequently noted (in the wet season this must be a very slushy area). A great deal of the area of the llanos over which we flew was made up of a close-set mosaic of 5'-15' diam. hummocks covered by with what looked like a very coarse grass: Dr. Julueta, of the Instituto Roberto Franco in Villavicencio, tells me this is called

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal Nov. 18 Villavicencio, Meta, to Trinidad, Boyaca, Colombia, S.A. the "sural" formation; he says the hummocks of are raised about 20'-30". He knows of no accepted explanation for the method of formation of the "sural"; he says he is inclined to believe it is due to erosion between the areas of soil held by the grass roots. Deer (usually small groups) were seen several times by Dr. Stebbins and Torriente Castillo; I missed a glimpse of them each time (they were out on the open llanos). I noted one large (4'-4'1/2 wing spread) heron with black primaries and secondaries, white head, neck, and shoulders. I also saw two "Rey gallinazo" (king civures). N. of Rio Cravo dur we flew over a somewhat drier-looking area of the llanos. Here I saw one stream (unique among those seen here so far) which had cut its bed down into a canyon which looked about 50 ft. deep (Caño Guirrija?). N. of this canyon the llanos again began to appear wetter. As an index possible to the depth of the ponds in the llanos of this region, Dr. Stebbins reports one cow seen standing in the middle of

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 60 Nov. 18 Villavicencio, Meta, to Trinidad, Boyaca, Colombia, S.A. a 200' diam. (estimated) pool; the animal was rock-deep (i.e., the water reached to the calcaneal region.) I saw a small flock of Crotophaga, flying, a few km. S. of the Rio Panto. Near the Rio Panto we noticed scattered lavender-flowered trees in the forested areas. After landing at the army's airstrip about 3 km. W. (?) of Trinidad, Dr. Stebbins and I roamed about the vicinity of the strip for about 1-2 hrs. The landing strip is a cleared piece of grassland, covered with crushed rocks, but bearing some grass and weeds. A thatched-roofed building in which a caretaker's family lives is the only building in the vicinity. A small ravine, sparsely wooded runs near the building. All other ground seen was grassland. The grass is 18"-36" high, tending toward a bunch grass habit; it is coarse and fairly dry. The soil, except in the ravine was quite hard and dry. Small palms grew scattered about on the grassland. Dr. Stebbins took

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal Nov. 18 Villavicencio, Meta, to Trinidad, Bogacá, Colombia, S.A. a Cremidophorus and I took a Septodactylus lineata perplexa (#1564, see species account). I saw, but missed another L. rayata in the grassland near the landing strip. To me, the situation in which I saw both frogs seemed rather remarkably dry. We pursued several large lizards while we assumed to be Ameiva, but failed to collect any with our makeshift snare. Near the building was a large dead lizard (fly-blown and too far gone to keep as a specimen). We wonder if it was a

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Hendrickson 1950 62 Journal Nov. 18 Opipiy, 7km SE Villavicencio, 1600ft., Meta, Colombia S.A. of Teniente Munoz had been run over by a car and killed. The head was so mutilated that I did not save it as a specimen. Returned to Hotel Meta at about 7:00 P.M. For today see species accounts of Leptodactylus rayata, Leptodeira Crotophaga major (2) Colinus cristatus, and Synallaxis albescens. Dr. Julian Julueta of the Instituto Roberto Franco Visited us at the hotel this evening. He will make arrangements for me to go to the Macarena on Nov. 25, and will provide me with a man to help me and a car to use (if this is possible). Dr. Julueta speaks English well and effortlessly. He is most anxious to promote work in this region, particularly in the Macarena and especially population studies and ecological work. We are almost embarrassed to accept all the aid he proposes to give us. The Institute will pay all our expenses in the Macarena Range for as long as we wish to stay.

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal Nov. 19 Villavicencio, 1600 ft; Meta, Colombia, S.A. To Instituto Roberto Franco in A.M. Lee Dr. Stebbins notes for description of buildings, equipment, and work being done there. Vaccination and other medical service is carried on, as well as research work. We hunted around the grounds of the Institute and in a brush-and-grass-filled field N. of the Institute. Saw several Anoles and two skinks, but was unable to collect either. Dr. Stebbins collected both, with net and shotgun. Both these lizards jumped and climbed with great agility through dense tangles of brush and vines. Those I saw were all from the ground surface to 2' above it - usually in the plant tangles, rarely on the ground. I saw a pair of Ameiva viridis, the male following the female, working along on the ground in a dense thicket (#1565). I shot the female; in about 3 min., the male returned, found the female and began and seized her as if to attempt copulation. I shot spared the male (#1564). (see species accounts for temperatures)

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 64 Nov. 19 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. At about 7:00 P.M., Dr. Stebbins and I worked in a field and along a creek just S. of town. We heard two kinds of calls which sounded like a Microhyla, but were unable to find the callers. Saw three small crocodilians in a quiet pool in the creek, but we were unable to catch any with a snare, and had no gun with me. See species accounts of L. lineata perplexa, L. obscurea, B. marinae, Dora palmigera, H. microcephala hendricksoni, & H. crepitans. Nov. 20 Visited Instituto in 4: M. Hector Iceba, his wife and little girl were there, photographing boas (Constrictor imperitor subsp.) We took a series of "snake-charmer" photos and some simulated natural poses. Dr. Zulusta offered me a specimen if we want it. Those boas were taken at Restrepo, Meta, 500 meters, on about Sept. 20 of this year. Most of afternoon spent writing notes and working with specimens.

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 45 Nov. 21 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. Carlos Velasquez, the man detailed to help us by Dr. Julueta, arrived at the hotel at 9:00 A.M., then left to bring the car. Left in the car at about 9:20 A.M. The car was a hired taxi; Dr. Julueta had been unable to obtain other transportation for me, and had hired the taxi for our use. We drove up the road to Bogota, a crushed rock- surfaced road which begins to climb steeply almost at the outskirts of Villavicencio. We wound around through steep, grass- covered slopes with occasional patches of forest. Carlos says almost all of this country was forested (densely) as few as 10 years ago; it has been cleared to create cattle pasturage. The steeper the terrain the less suitable for pasturage, and the more extensive the patches of forest. The road crosses several tiny streams a short distance W of Villavicencio, and seeps are common on the cut road cuts. Most of the forest trees are 4"-18" in trunk diameter at 3' off the ground. Moderately buttressed trunks, and spiny trunks were noted rather

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Journal Hendrickson 1950 Nov. 21 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. frequently. The vegetation is very dense; tangles of vines interlace almost all the other vegetation. Many large-leaved plants occur as understory vegetation or at edges of clearings. Cana-like plants are common, as are "banana-leaved" thin-stemmed plants: leaves about 8"x34", and "elephant-ear plants" (see species account of Xyla minuta). Orchids and other epiphytes (including many of what appear to be ferns) obscure the upper trunks and branches of many of the larger trees. I saw no orchids in flower. Ferns from bracken-like species to 8'-high species were common, as were other large ivad-like plants. We stopped at Caño Parrado (name from Carboz; some truck drivers questioned later thought this was upper end of what is called Caño Maisaro lower down near Villavicencio). I have just questioned the hotel desk clerk, and consulted a sketch map of Villavicencio; it is apparently impossible that the road to Bozota could cross Caño Parrado as high in the mountains (3100 ft.) as we were. It seems most likely that the canyon is Caño Maisaro, or a principal tributary of it.

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal Nov. 21 1/2 mi. E. Quarameta, 3100 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. At this point, where Caño Maizaro (or Caño Parrado?) crossed the road, the stream is a clear, fast brook, averaging about 8' wide by about 6" deep. It runs on a fairly clean-swept boulder and gravel bed with many little cascades and pools. We worked the stream bed is in a canyon with steeply- sloping walls (some small, almost level benches at canyon bottom, terminating in 4'-8' cut banks to stream bed), heavily vegetated with fairly small trees, large ferns, bushes, vines, and other tropical vegetation. We worked up the stream bed, making short excursions into the streamsde vegetation. Under a rock in a small trickle on the canyon wall (near the main stream) I found a crab (preserved for deposit in invertebrate collection at Zool. Dept., U.C.). I saw and missed a 2"-3" snout-vent length, very thin-legged frog - to me it looked Rhytid-like. While working along on my hands and knees under dense vegetation, I apparently disturbed it from a roost above me. Stephan fell past my head and hit directly,

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Nordricker 1950 Journal Nov. 21 1/2 mi. E Buenavista, 3100 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. ahead of me, hopping again upon contacting the ground, and coming to rest about 2 ft. farther on. It looked dark gray- green in general color, and I could make out a transverse-striped pattern on its hind legs. For this locality see species accounts for Psareolius, small slim gecko, Hyla minuta, Bufo nigropunctatus, Bufo maculatus. Buenavista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. It was hired by Dr. Julueta to transport me left me here. Buenavista is the name given to the notch in the first high ridge crossed by the road W of Villavicencio (going to Bogota). The road descends on either side of Buenavista (to the W, crossing a valley and again ascending). From this point one can look down on most of the town of Villavicencio, and can see the Rio Guatiquia (?) winding eastward far out onto the llanos until it is lost in the haze of distance. Several buildings (part of a dairy farm?) are situated near the road, and a family lives there. This is a sort of rest stop for

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Nordickson 1950 Journal 49 Nov. 21 Buenavista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Trucks travelling from Bogota to Villavicencio, and in a "cooling-off" spot for overheated cars coming up from Villavicencio. Most of the more level land on the ridge and gentler slopes has been cleared and is covered with grass and herbs, and scattered shrubs and small trees. The steeper slopes not suitable for pasture, are still covered with the dense, vigorous forest which, I am told, once covered the entire region. A friendly woman at the farmhouse kept part of our gear for us until we returned from our collecting excursion here, and provided a basin of water to keep the anurans already taken damp and cool until our return. We worked first on the very steep slopes on the W side of the ridge (3 farm). Here, on a 50° to 70° (estimated) slope, we encountered dense forest, with a great tangle of vines, and with a heavy epiphyte flora. Bromeliads and orchids, ferns, & mosses were the most abundant epiphytes. I was intrigued to find here a "three-storied

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 70 Nov. 21 Buenavista, 4000ft., Meta, Colombia, S-A. epiphytic system

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal Nov. 21 Buenavista, 4600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. sharp, returned thorns. I collected tadpoles(*) and some small catfish(# ) from the creek bed, and spent about one hour in a fruitless attempt to definitely connect (RES) Hyloxalus granuliventris . Returning to the farm at about 5:00 (?) P. M. we caught a ride back down to Villavicencio on a truck from Bogota, paying 50 centavos apiece for the ride. It takes about 6 hours to drive from Bogota to Villavicencio, about 8 or 9 to make the return trip. "Villavicencio" is commonly shortened to "Villavo" by the local people. For this locality see spaces accounts of lizard eggs, Leptodactylus obscura, sweet water tadpoles, D. hyloxoides (RES) g ranuliventris , Colinus cristatus, Crotophaga ani, and L ynallaxis albescens. Nov. 22 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Morning and afternoon spent writing notes, making color sketches and working with specimens. At about 7:30 P. M. we went out with

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Nevada 1950 Journal 72 Nov. 22 Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Carlos Velasquez nightlighting along the small creek which flows along the S side of town. In my Nov. 19 Journal I believe I omitted mention of the drifts and small rafts of rice hulls along this stream. These apparently come from a processing plant upstream. Carlos and I worked till about 11:00, covering about 1/2 mile of the stream. A few calls of Leptodactylus species were heard - no other anurans were heard. Carlos said the lack of activity was due to the bright moonlit night; I believe the relatively dry condition of the area may have been a contributory factor; it had rained a bit at about 4:00 P.M., but had dried off more thoroughly than on other days. On Nov. 19, when there was much activity at this place, the ground and the vegetation were quite moist. For today see species accounts of: Kyla crepitans, Bufo marinus, Caiman Leptodactylus lineata popliea, Leptodactylus obscura, and Rana palmipes.

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Nov 23 5km S Villavicencio, 1600 ft, Meta, Colombia, S.A. Left town at about 8:30 A.M. with Dr. Stebbins and Carlos. We arrived at the point where the road to Ipiaú crosses the Río Ocoa and left the topic there. We walked N through a cleared area on the W side of the river and began Temperature works on Cramidophorus and Ameira viridis. The Rio Ocoa at this point is a clear, fast stream about 20' wide and about 3'-4' deep at the deepest part. Large deep pools were seen at several points. The water bore enough sediment to make the bottom barely visible at more than three feet depth. In the deep pools, the water has a gray color. Numbers of small fish were seen, one bird 1"-3" long with a yellow vertical bar on its tail. We are told that there are many ingrayas in the sandy parts of the Ocoa. Cleared areas, bearing grasses, herbs, and small shrubs with scattered palms and other trees, alternate with apparently untouched tracts of forest. The local people say there are

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Kendrickson 1950 74 Journal Nov. 23 5km. S Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. 3 or 4 kinds of monkeys in this forest. Carlos shot and killed, but lost, a small red lizard which was about 20' up on a tree trunk. Heard what Carlos said were "wild turkeys" at about 4:00 p. M. For today see species accounts of: Torpus conspicillatus, Crotophaga ani, Surnalis alberena, Psarocolius , Ara, Laimiri) pleurodere turtle, Cremidochorus, Ameiva viridis, Vellaro anole, Phyllodactyl rubris, L. obscura? tadpoles,

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Journal Nov. 24 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. All day spent writing notes, working with specimens, and doing odd chores around town. Nov. 25 Villavicencio to the Macarena, Meta, Colombia, S.A. Took off at 12:10 P.M. from Villavicencio for the Macarena (mountain range) via erotaxi. Señor Cardovaz, the administrator of the Instituto Roberto Tirreno accompanied us. We flew almost straight S from Villavicencio all the way, at an estimated altitude of 1500 ft. most of the time. Near Villavicencio and S to Río Ariari (about 80 km. S. of Villavicencio) most of the land was cleared, with only patches of forest left. These patches of forest became more numerous as we approached the Ariari. This area N of the Ariari had some roads (for automobiles) and scattered farms. S of the Ariari there were no automobile roads and a very few, widely scattered farms. This area was almost continuous forest. Timbering operations were being carried on in scattered small patches. Lavender- and yellow-flowered trees and an abundance of palms were seen, as

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Hardrickson 1950 Journal 76 Nov. 25 Villavicencio to the Macarena, Meta, Colombia, S.A. in the forest seen on the flight to Trinidad. S. of the Ariari we flow over low foothills (instead of plate) much of the time. Large and small ~~~~ smoke plumes from grassland burning operations were seen. Near the Macarena we began to see more and more natural savannahs (grassland), and some distance to the E. of the N. end of the Macarena could be seen great ~~ extension of the llanos. The Macaren is a low (~600 ft.) range of mountains lying E. of the Eastern Andes and separate from them. The range is dissected by picturesque abysses, vertical-walled and very narrow. On the E. side is a line of foothills separated from the main range by the Rio Guizar (at N end of route). These hills are grass-covered and rather unusual in appearance: they rise on an almost table-like slope and then drop off by what appear to be cliffs to the river. W <--- <--- profile of hills Landed at 12:40 P.M.

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Hendriksen 1950 Journal 77 Nov. 25 El Mico (46) 4 km S., 22 km W San Martin, 1600 ft, Meta, Colombia, S. A. Near the point where the plane landed, caught a small anole-like lizard in the grass of the landing field- later lost it. We walked to the S. end of the field and over to a creek at the edge of the forest where there is a workman's camp, then down a cleared (20' wide) trail to the Rio Diegar (turning E at this point). The creek is fast, shallow, and clear, with frequent rills and at least one 8' fall; it runs over a rocky bed through dense forest. At points where it is 6'-8' wide it has an average depth of 4"-6". The Rio Diegar is a large torrent at the point where I saw it, with white water rapids, and a large (100 yd.) mill on one side. Its water is a light gray in color. We collected en route to and from the river, then rode horseback about 3 miles N to the ranch "El Mico" where we will stay. We will sleep in hammocks here. For today see species accounts for: Colinus cristatus; Crotophaga, lizard, water anole, a Bufo microphthalmus.

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Journal Kendrickson 1950 El Paiso, Nov. 25 4km. S, 22 km. W San Martin), 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. After supper Dr. Stebbins, one of the ranch men and I went out nightlighting near the ranch house. Heard one or two calls which sounded like L.l. perleoxis and saw one frog which looked like L. obscura (could not collect it) Nov. 26 Most of day spent writing notes, working with specimens, and catering to a case of diarrhea which is now in its third day. Saw two kinds of toveans this morning, and parrots are calling at intervals from trees near the ranch house. Dr. Stebbins and I went out night- lighting. Saw, but missed a fox-size canid (Dusicyon?). Shot a Caiman in spring small, clear stream leading from the spring which serves as water supply for the ranch. Where the animal was first seen, the stream is about 3'1/2-4' wide, about 6"-18" deep, crystal clear and flowing slowly over a boulder-and-sand bed. About 15' down stream from this point the water flows into a swampy area where there are numerous still, clear pools among dense tree growth.

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Journal Nov. 26 El Mico, W km 3.22 lam. W hen Martin (1000 ft.) Meta, Colombia, S.A. there is a slow channel leading through this area. No frogs or other herps seen. Nov. 27 Skinned Caiman, wrote note, prepared one bird skin. We did not bring sufficient sawdust, arsenic, or cotton to prepare skins. We are stuffing with toilet paper; scarcity of skins prepared by me in the future may be due to the demands made upon stuffing material by my digestive disturbance. I think I detect an accusing expression on Dr. Stebbins' face each time I start off for the brush with our roll of toilet paper in hand. Nov. 28 Dr. Stebbins and I walked to the foothills of the Macarena. The distance we estimate at about 3 miles. Heading approximately W from the ranch, we crossed three strips of forest: the strip surrounding the spring and small stream near the ranch, and two others along larger streams (each 30'-40' wide x knee deep where crossed). The larger streams were gray-milky-clear, fairly fast, and flowed over rocky beds. A branching growth of a "marino-like" alga has

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Nordrison 1950 Journal 80 Nov. 28 El Mico, 4 km S., 22 km W San Martin, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. it's "holofasta" on the smooth boulders in the rapide of those larger streams. Ascending Between the strips of forest which follow the streams are areas of savannah (coarse, bunchd, grass in 2'-4' clumps, with semi- (4"-12") grass between the clumps). Ascending the almost plane E slope of the foothills, we passed over black lava rock supporting a fairly dense growth of grass. The plane E surface of the foothills slopes at about 30°. At the crest of the foothills one stands at the top of steep cliffs falling away to savannah and the forest along the Rio Dujéjar. I saw a "racquet- tailed" hummingbird at the crest, where a patch of forest grows up a 60-70° cliff almost to the crest. (In most parts the cliffs are 80° or light more). This hummer was mostly dove- gray in color, with a light brown stripe above the eye, and 4" long white, dark gray, and brown tail feathers. Down in this same patch of forest we heard what seemed to be frogs calling from the trees. Dr. Helbicus said the rhythm and

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Hendrickson 1950 Journal 81 Nov. 28 El Mico, 4 km. S., 7:22 km. W. San Martin; 1600 ft. Mata, Colombia, S.A. The situation (in trees) reminded him of Kyla versicolor calling which he had heard in the past (U.S.). I found the dead shell of a Testudo denticulata about halfway up the slope of the foothills. Heard monkeys calling from several points on return trip to the ranch. In the evening Dr. Returning, we found Dr. Fred Medem had arrived, from a field trip in the N part of the Macarera. He speaks English well enough to carry on almost any type of conversation, and has been most cordial to me. In the evening Dr. Stebbins & I went out nightlighting near the ranch. We saw a Dumeril (?) and Dr. Stebbins saw some sort of large, rabbit-sized,

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Nerdrickson 1950 Journal 82 Nov. 28 El Meico, 4 kms S 72 km W San Martin; 1600 ft; Meta, Colombia, S.A. Dry season. Nov. 29 Rained most of the day and all the night. Stayed around the ranch all day. Talked at some length with Teodoro Cabrera (technical helper of Dr. Madom), Benjamin Cifuentes M. (in charge of the ranch proper), and Carlos Balcazar M. (foreman of the crew of men working on trails in the Macarena, and generally in charge of the employees of the government). From them I extracted the following crude analysis of the usual yearly weather cycle here (at El Meico). In the "mesetas" (plateaus at N end of the Macarena), there is much more rain than here on the edge of the llanos. Also in the "mesas" (plateau at S end of the Macarena) and in the Macarena proper, this is true to some extent at least. The weather in all these higher parts does not necessarily follow closely the cycle & here. By and large, it is unknown because few people have been in the Macarena and large areas exist which have never been penetrated.

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Vandrickson 1950 Journal 83 Nov. 29 El Mico, Hkm. 5, 72 km W San Martin; 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. El Mico Weather cycle: January - sometimes a small am't. of rain (

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Kedrickson 1950 Journal 84 Nov. 30 El Mico, 4.hdm.S.,22 km.W. San Martin,1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. Paind most of A.M. Collected birds near ranch and prepared skins in the morning. Made 2 short excursions into the forest E. of the ranch in the afternoon. Shot a "Monstus" and a Sylallaxis albornese f. Carlos Balcazar (foreman of the employees here) collected a number of birds in the P.M. We prepared some of them as skins and kept others to be prepared tomorrow- A.M. After dark I went out night- lighing with Carlos and another man. We walked about 5 km. S to the Diejar River, then W. along the river. I shot and hit, but lost, a deer. We saw two Dmeiyon (?) which were unapprochable with the lights. No Caimans seen. Took one frog, one toad, one water snake. For today see species accounts of: Sylallaxis, Helicope, B. marinus Ptho Dec.1 Prepared bird skins and wrote notes. Saw group of monkeys near spring (see again account of Saimiri). In evening went (G:30 P.M.) with Carlos to forest E of Ranch; see species account of Caiman. Two of the men Dr. Medow and Pedro also went out collecting at night. They took

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Nevleickson 1950 Journal Dec. 1 El Mico, 4 km. S., 22 lam. Wdn Martin, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. two Caimans; they gave me the head of one (# 1626 ) It was a 5', 48 cm. snout - vent length, 81 cm. total length (tip of tail missing). Dec. 2 Went to airfield at about 8:00 A. M. Waited until about noon for the plane. I collected two frogs during this time (# 1627 & # 1628 ). Dr. Stobbin's rode horseback to the Rio Guéjar, where he took photos and collected some specimens. Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. Arrived in early afternoon and went directly to the Instituto Roberto Franco. We met Dr. Zalaceta there and he drove us to the hotel. The rest of the day was spent with minor chores and errands. Dec. 3 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. Went to Instituto Roberto Franco in A. M. Petted and took a photo of a baby tapir which had arrived during our absence. It is about 2' high at the shoulder. It is eating well and is very tame; it should endure captivity well. We caught a large, yellow-

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Hardwickson 1950 Journal 86 Dec. 3 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Brown, racer-like snake on the Instituto grounds. At about 11:30 A.M. took off for Bogota. The flight lasted about 50 min. Bogota, 8500ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Registered at Hotel Claridge and unpacked our gear for a three-day stay. Dr. Zulueta (here on business) called on me this evening. Dec. 4 Morning spent shopping, confirming plane reservations, and reading accumulated mail. Most of P.M. afternoon spent clearing for departure from country (health pass, good conduct pass, passport details, etc.) At 6:00 P.M. we visited Hector Acobo and family. He presented me with several large photographs - of Dr. Holbme and me at Instituto Roberto Franco of the Institute Boas alone, and of two of the Sibart shrunken heads in his collection. We examined the collection of heads, and examined and tested his collection of implements, including bowgun, flute, dancing rattles, headresses, warblazer, etc.

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Nordmarchan 1950 Journal 87 Dec. 5 Bogota, 8700 ft (8500 ft) Carindamerica, Colombia, S. A. Dr. Stebbins and I left the Hotel Claridge at about 6:40 A.M. and went up on Montevate to the localities where we had collected before. See species account of Phylllobates subpunctatus. We walked down along the boulevard and descended through the Parque Nacional to the city level. We were able to collect a few Oedignus and some "Dark Bogota (Hylioid?) Frogs" in the short time available up on the hill. At 10:00 A.M. we went to see Dr. Manuel Doca, Instituto Carlos Finlay; he will write a letter to the ministry of agriculture requesting permission to export our livestock with me. Then we went to Ciudad Universitaria. I said goodbye to Dr. Gutierrez (Servicios Deologicos) while Dr. Stebbins revisited the Ryla labralis habitat for photos and specimens. Later we visited the men at the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales and picked up our box of skins (stored there) and a live boa they gave us as a present. P.M. spent packing and doing miscellaneous chores.

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Merdensson 1950 Journal 88 Colombia to Miami, Florida. Dec. 6 Bogota, 8500 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. Dr. Gutierrez sent a pickup truck to the Hotel Claridge at 5:30 A.M. to carry us and our luggage to the airport. Our plane left at about 7:00 A.M. Landed in Barranquilla at about 10:00 A.M. Arrived in Miami at about 4:00 P.M. Finished customs at about 6:00 P.M., and took a room at Miami Airways Hotel, across the road from the airport. Dec. 7 Miami, Florida to San Francisco, Calif.

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Species Accounts

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Hendrickson 1950 Oedipus adspersus (RCS) Nov. 14 Bogota, 8700-8800 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S. A. Collected a number of individuals, only a few (#1530-#1535) saved. See journal for Oct. 15 for account of previous encounter with this species. All the animals I found were under rocks (2"x4"x2" to 8"x15"x6") resting on almost bare soil or on other rocks (with soil filling most of interstices). I found none on the grass-watted slopes; all were on the broken-rosberry-covered slopes, most of them under or near the cover of trees (mainly eucalyptus). The niches in which I found animals were at points where the soil was damp, not dry; however, none were found in place likely to form rivulet-courses during heavy rains. A heavy rain had preceded the visit, and I was able to distinguish the small run-off rivulet courses by the water flowing down them as well as by their topographic location. Frequently Oedipus were found on the slopes of small deleveries, however. When uncovered, the animals remained almost motionless, or began to move very sluggishly after some time. Paulino, hunting with me, could not touch the animals; I soon discovered that when he found an animal I could go

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Kendrickson 1950 Delignus Nov. 14 Bogota, 8700-8800 ft. Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Look at it at my leisure - sometimes I delayed 5 minutes and he said the animal was still just as he first saw it. I stationed him to watch one animal; 7 minutes after being uncovered he reported that it had crawled out of sight under surrounding rocks. The animals were commonly found loosely coiled! ( ) to ( ) In one case I uncovered two large individuals, one resting mostly on top of the other. The soil temp. was 14.4°C. The rock measured roughly 15" x 8" x 5". Dec. 5 Dr. Stebbins and I collected 3 adults and some immatures in the same locality where they were collected before. The adults seemed much less common under the rocks than they were before. (rain diminishing?)

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"glaberremies" Hendrickson 1950 Bufo "maculatus" Nov. 21 1/2 mi. E. Buenavista, 3100 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. 5 specimens (#1582 to #1586), of varying sizes, taken under rocks and hopping on the ground under dense vegetation of lower levels of canyon wall (see species accounts of "Hyle minuta" and Bufo- "micropunctatus" for description of habitat. #1582 (largest): - upper 1/2 iris = copper - pupil ring = gold - lower 1/2 iris = light coppery gold gray color should be more gray in post 1/2 body & legs gray is too dark here #1583 (next largest after #1582): section of back skin Entire dorsal pigmentation darker than #1582; red only a little more intense than as shown on #1582. Cream instead of yellow (#1582) on hands and feet. Iris pigmented (distribution) as above, but all pale gold colored guanophores - no coppery tint. irregular form

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"Bufo 'granulosus' Hardwicke 1950 Oct. 18 Villanueva, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Several boys, including Paulino, took a number of specimens for me from the mud banks of the small stream flowing through town. They were sitting in exposed situations on the bare mud. Their trilling had been heard since dawn. Oct. 19 5 km. N Villanueva, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. I took one specimen from the higher ground of the banana patch about 125 yds. S of camp. Calls, apparently of this species, could be heard up and down the quebrada. Oct. 21 Dr. Stebbins and I walked about 1/8-1/4 mile down the quebrada S of camp (after dark). We set out to definitely connect the trills heard with the animal producing them, and had considerable difficulty succeeded in proving to our satisfaction that this species was responsible. The apparent wariness of the animals was almost unswervy; long, perfectly silent vigils were held before the calls were heard at close range and the animals (with vocal sac extended) could be spotlighted. Both animals definitely

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"Herdrickson" 1950 Bufo "granulosus" Oct. 21 5 km. N. Villarraga, 1450 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. associated with calls heard at close range were sitting on bare mud, one near and one under (an overhanging mass) stream-washed detritus. Nov. 6 Dr. Stibbins and I, working at night in banana patch S. of camp, collected several and heard others from various points in the field. So far as I could tell, there were as many near the water as on "drier" ground away from the water. They responded somewhat to imitations of their calls. At one time a passing train seemed to stimulate calling (vibration?) Later in the evening (10:30 P.M.) the frequency of their calling had definitely increased over the frequency at 7:30 & 8:00 P.M.

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Hendrickson 1950 Bufo marinus Nov. 7 Villanueva, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. Heard what we assumed to be calls of this species on the evening of our arrival in town. Somewhere a short distance & of the R. R. station, several were calling. The call, to my ear, is a long, low, bubbling trill, pleasant to hear. Nov. 8 Took one on street leading to cemetery at about 7:30 P.M. Dr. Helbrin recorded the temperature in his notes. At about 10:00 P.M., took another on town plaza (2"-4" sparse growth of green annual weeds). Temp. of stool = 24.2° C. Air temp. at 6" = 24.5° C. Apparently individuals are commonly found some distance from water in relatively dry situations. Again tonight heard what we assume to be the calls of this species. Local residents, upon having the call trill called to their attention, say it is produced by the "sapo grande" that we have found. ("Sapo" is general term for toad, but used without an accompanying adjective, it apparently refers to Bufo grandisocis.)

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Nordmickson 1950 Byfo marinaeus 2 Nov.19 Villavicencio, (600ft, Meta, Colombia, S.A. One # taken in pig pen beside creek just S of town. It was sitting on damp, hard-packed soil, with no plant cover. 10:15P.M.: Temp. of toad = 22.0° C, air at 6" = 21.1° C. Nov.22 Four seen in about 3½ hrs. spent in field; all were sitting in open on rocky-mud bars in stream or on gently-sloping streams banks. None tried to escape when approached; two squatted low from erect posture when beam of headlamp hit them. 8:55P.M. Temp. of toad = 23.3° C, air temp. at 6" = 24.6° C, 9:20P.M. Temp. of toad = 23.6° C, air temp. at 6" = 24.0° C. Above? toads are RCS #5116 &5117. Nov.30 Found two near the Gujjar R Nov.30 46km.S, 22 km.W San Martin; (600ft, Meta, Colombia, S.A. Found two near the Rio Gujjar. One large adult (not collected) was sitting on rocks about 3' from a bit quiet backwater of the river, about 3" above the water level. Temp. of toad = 22.2° C, air at 6" = 22.1° C, substrate = 23.1° C.

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Nov. 30 46km.5,22km.W San Martin,1600 ft., Meta, Colombia,S.A. This was at about 9:45 P.M. Another,small, individual (RCS# )was found sitting on a 15"diam. dead log about 2'1/2'above the ground. The log was part of a large drift of dead wood deposited by high flood waters of the river. The drift was on a bar of cobbles and mud. There were quiet pools of backwater about 15' away on either side. No temperatures were taken

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Karlriksen 1950 Bufo "[illegible]" Nov. 21 ½ mi. E Buenavista. Cano Parado, 3100 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. My number 1579, apparently an immature of the same species as Dr. Stebbins 5103, was taken on a fairly level platform at the S wall of the canyon. It was about 7 ft. above and 15 ft. from (horizontal distance) the water of the creek, hopping along on the ground. The area was densely covered with ferns, large (

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Hendrickson 1950 Bufo "megacephalatus(?)" Nov. 25 46 km S, 22 km W San Martin, 1600 ft, Meta, Colombia, S.A. One taken (#1410) hopping on floor of cleared forest trail (20' wide) among leaves litter. It was apparently out in open before I arrived in vicinity. This animal looks like one from Guaviare vicinity, but has different color and pattern.

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Novdrickson 1950 "Bufo tadpoles" Nov. 6 5 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila Colombia, S.A. Collected series of tadpoles from semi-permanent puddles in banana patch just S. of camp. Temp. of water at 2:30 P.M. (partial overcast) ranged from 36°C. to 33.8 (shade). The puddle had a general blanket of tan-colored algal or bacterial slime. Rank grass and dead maize and banana leaves partially choked the puddles. no gillophores x

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Henderson 1950 "green-backed landrobatid" Nov. 19 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. A single individual was taken, perched on the limb of a bush about 2' above ground. It was sitting at a 45° angle to the limb, with fore and hind limbs closely appressed to its body (knees touching body). Its posture was an attentive one. The bush was growing at the edge of a 4'1/2' x 10' pool. Hypergitan and "Kyla microcephala" were also taken at this pool (see species accounts).

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Eleuthodiscus ovalis Nov. 6 5am. N. Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Dr. Stebbins and I found one in semi- matted grass in puddle in banana patch S. of camp. We heard its almost icada-like call about 75-90 yds. distant, triangulated it and studied the call from about 10-15 ft. (see Dr. Stebbins notes, his # 5021, for analysis of call). We then located the frog on the third attempt (retreating and waiting for it to resume its calling after failing to collect it_ on the first two attempts. It was collected at about 7:35 P.M. It moved, apparently about 2 ft. as a result of our unsuccessful first attempts to collect it. It was beneath about 6" of semi- matted grass, sitting on grass stone in 1/4"- 1/2" water (of a puddle 1"-3" deep). I would syllabify its call as: "beeeeee ....... beeeeee ......." (the "b" being a soft, "Spanish" "b"). (see Dr. Stebbins notes for tempo, etc.) The immediate area where the frog was found is in the low corner of the banana patch. The

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Herdman 1950 Elachistoleis ovale Nov. 6 5am N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, 5-A. cultivated plants here are small (to 3' or 4') bananas, and a sugar cane-like plant in rows about 3' apart, and rice. growing to 3'-6 1/2', A Most of the ground in this corner of the field is muddy or has puddles of standing water. The grass growing here is apparently a vegetatively-reproducing plant, appearing similar to Bermuda Grass See Dr. Holbling's notes, his #5021, for color & form description. Nov. 9 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, 5-A. One specimen (RCS#5049) was heard, traced (triangulation on its call) several times, and finally collected (see map in today's journal for collection spot). It moved about 2 ft. at least once while we were searching for it - probably because of the disturbance created by our search. We were again impressed by the ventriloquial quality of the frog's voice, and by its secretive-ness. When we finally, on the 4th or 5th attempt, located the frog, we were kneeling with our ears about 2'-3' distant from it, and saw it only after a thorough search.

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Hendrickson 1950 Elachistocleis ovale Nov. 9 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. with our powerful headlamps. It was sitting on semifluid mud beneath a tangle of living and dead grass stems. Two local boys who watched the hunt said that many such voices could be heard about a "charco" (pool) on the opposite side of the river. Re-reading my Nov. 6 notes on the voice of this species, I believe I would now characterize the voice as: "eeeeee" (omitting the initial consonant). This animal seemed to give a definite response to my attempted imitation of its call: a hard, nasal "seeee" produced by setting the jaw hard together, drawing the mouth corners as far back as possible, and holding the nostrils closed while the sound was produced. The sound seemed closest to the frog's call when I kept the volume at a near-minimum.

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Kendrickson 1950 Eleutherodactylus bogotensis Centrolene (RCS) "Dark Bogota Highland Frog" Nov. 14 Bogota, 8700 ft, Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Many seen on broken - and - brush-covered W.-facing slope above city, roughly along lower edge of eucalyptus grove which covers higher portions, and also in the lower portions of the grove (we did not investigate the higher parts - they may occur there as well). Unlike the Phylllobates collected today, these anurans tended to remain motionless when uncovered, trying to escape only when touched. Their dark brown color blended well with the earth on which they were sitting.

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"Leptodactylid" froth nest Nov. 6 5 km. N Villavicca, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. During night work by Dr. Stebbins and myself in banana patch 5. of camp, I found a froth nest containing numerous (50+?) small tadpoles (#1507). The nest was in a clod of earth which apparently had been formed when a tuft of grass had been uprooted; it was "clotted" around roots and stones of the dead Bermuda-like grass. It was about 4" from the edge of the nearest puddle of water, and perhaps 1" above the water level. The earth of the clod, like the soil in all this part of the field, was saturated with water (or nearly so). The nest was broken wide open when I broke the clod, so I can only guess at its dimensions. I believe it was " almost circular (2" diam.), low (1/2"-3/4") - ceilinged chamber, with smooth walls. It apparently opened to the outside at two points - almost certainly at one. Later, in a search for other nests, I found 7 similar, smooth-walled chambers in

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"Leptodactylid" froth nest Nov. 6. 5 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. similar clocks near water. These were all vacant. They averaged the dimensions estimated for this nest. I believe these empty chambers were old, used, "nest" chambers. They were almost glassy-surfaced inside, as if coated with mucous. The froth of the nest was glistening white and fairly tough in consistency (some persisting for at least 36 hrs. in formalin, and persisting even better in Bouin's fluid for this time). The froth is composed of bubbles of '1/10-4 mm. estimated diameter. Manipulated with a knife blade in collecting the contained tadpoles, it acted about like shaving lather (old-fashioned brush-and-mug type!) The tadpoles, very active, seemed to have been dispersed more or less throughout the mass (possibly greater concentration toward center). The tadpoles show an opaque yolk mass (?) in the abdominal region; they died, unfortunately, before color notes could be taken

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Hendrickson 1950 "Leptodactylid" froth nest Nov. 6 5 km. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, 3-2 on them, but our general impression of their dorsal color was of a rather rich, rusty tan. Paulino is familiar with these nests and says they can be found at all seasons of the year. Even under extended questioning he is unable to name any season at which they are more plentiful than at other seasons.

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Hendrickson 1950 swift water Tadpoles Nov. 21 Buenavista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. 3 collected (#1589) and a number of others seen, but not collected, in a rushing forest stream (4'-5' wide, about 6" deep). The stream was clear, and fast, running along a bed of boulders and gravel at the bottom of a steep canyon with dense tropical forest growing in all parts of the canyon. Water temp. = 18.6°C. 100% shade (or nearly so) in all parts of creek which I penetrated. The vegetation overhung and enroached over the creek, the creek thus flowed through a sort of low tunnel in the vegetation. Progress along the creek bed was possible only with almost continuous use of a machete. The tadpoles were found in pools where the water was moving less swiftly than in the main, shallow stream course. They may have been in the swift water also, but I could not detect them there. Fast swimmers, they appeared to willingly enter the swift water when disturbed. There was a definite endency to hide beneath stones, and they always attached the mouth firmly to a

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Nordriksen 1950 swift water tadpoles Nov. 21 Buenavista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. solid surface when at rest.

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"L. bocura(?) tadpoles" Nov. 23 5am. S. Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Series of young- to - metamorphosing tads. taken in small, shallow puddle in middle of 20' wide cleared forest trail. See pleurodire turtle for further data on pool. Tads hid themselves by swimming under dead, submerged leaves, and by burying themselves in the soft edge of the puddle. See Dr. Stebbins notes for color description

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Hendrickson 1950 Leptodactylus sp. Nov. 30 He km. S, 22 km. W., San Martin, (600 ft.), Meta, Colombia, S.A. Took one (#1622) from mud and rocks of river banks (Diejar River) at about 10:00 P.M. Air temp at G" = 23.2°C.; substrate = 23.4°C. Drown color of dorsum: Post-Dors - Lateral folds, papillae between: pattern on post. surface thigh Tibial region - black bars - ground color 2 spots like this post-lat. to anus ground color on thigh - cream and yellow of belly (this is too bright) Eye:

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Hendrickson 1950 Leptodactylus "lineata" Nov. 6 5km N Villavicca, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Dr. Stebbins and I collected several in the more soggy portions of the banana patch of camp. Present in the same place were larger (?) numbers of "Leptodactylus minuta", and both species were analyzed as to voice (see Dr. Stebbins note for this date) The calls of the "lineata" were higher than those of the smaller- sized "minuta" by about 3 notes, and seemed to lack the low undertone of the "minuta" calls (being a clear whistle). Imitation by us did not elicit a clear-cut response in most cases; so far as I could tell, however, both species showed some response to either call. Both species had the same general type of call - a clean- cut, ascending whistle: "I... I... I... I... I... I... I..." Syllabified, I would write the call as: "wheet" or "whoot" ("whoet"?). The "minuta" were located several times calling from the entrances to holes (or from small pockets which just contained them), with head in the entrance to the

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Kendrickson 1950 Leptodactylus "lirasta" 2 Apr. 6 5 a.m. N Villavici, 400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. cavity. All the "lirasta" were found sitting on the soil surface (not in holes or pockets); at least two "minuta" were also found there. The vegetation in the part of the field where the frogs were found consisted of small (4"- 4") banana plants, 3'-6' sugar cane (in rows about 3' apart), seed rice, and tangled, Bermuda-like grass. This part of the field was covered with stagnant puddles containing much blankets of bacterial (?) slime in most parts. The mosquitoes were abundant, and numbers of '1/2"- 1" tadpoles were present, indicating at least semi-permanence of the puddles. Late in the evening, by about 10:30 P.M., the calling began to diminish until we finally gave up trying to locate more animals by their calls. See Dr. Stebbins notes for color descriptions of "minuta" and "lirasta". See also species account "Leptodactylus froth nest" for this date. Paulino says both species call at all seasons of the year the same as we have heard them here.

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Hendrickson 1950 Leptodactylus "lirata" Nov. 8 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Numbers heard calling at several points near Magdalena River. In contrast to the banana patch near Carbetara Camp, the calls of this species were heard with greater frequency than were the calls of L. "minuta". Nov. 9 Chorus heard coming from general direction of corn-banana patch shown on map while we were collecting "Hyla microcephala" (see map in today's gournal). As previously, near Villavieja, the calls of this species were more numerous than were the calls of L. "minuta".

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Nordbriksen 1950 Leptodactylus "minuta" Oct. 19 5 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. Several individuals taken from pools of water in the banana patch S of camp. The chorus here is a strong one, but individuals proved rather difficult to locate. The call is a pleasant, regularly-repeated, forceful whistle. My most satisfactory imitation is produced by a low labial whistle brought rapidly to a high pitch by a forceful anterior movement of the tongue (until it closes the lips opening & ends the call). Diagrammatically the sound is: )...... )..... ). Syllabified, it sounds to me like: "whit" or "what" (the "u" either as in "put" or the German "gut") Oct. 21 The same strong chorus from the banana patch; others, more scattered, noted in the small gully passing camp, and one taken (after triangulation on the call) from beside pool of water, near a culvert under R.R. track almost opposite camp. Now, [se] see species account of "L. lineata" for this date.

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Nordvikson 1950 Leptodoctylus "minuta" Nov. 8 Villavija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Heard calling at several points near Magdalena River. In contrast to the bayana patch near Cerbetana Camp this species were heard here with less frequency than were calls of L. "lineata". Nov. 9 Calls of this species played a minor role in a chorus in which calls of L. "lineata" were predominant (see species account for L. "lineata" this date)

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Kerdrickan 1950 Leptodactylus "lineata perplexa" Nov. 19 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Took one calling individual on wet mud beside 4' x 8' pool. It was hidden beneath matted grass overhanging the pool margin. The call of this animal is almost identical (to my ear) to that of the different - looking L. "lineata" of the Villavieja-Carbata area. This frog also looks very much like L. "lineata" taken near in Huila, but lacks the prominent mid-dorsal stripe of those animals. Nov. 22 Calls heard at irregular intervals early in evening (to 9:00 P.M.?); no calls noted later (to 11:00 P.M.). No animals seen.

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Nandriksen 1950 Leptodactylus "obscura" Nov. 19 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. One taken on steep, grass-covered creek bank just 5 of town. It hopped very rapidly and showed great agility in its attempts to avoid capture. We heard, and Dr. Stebbins collected (RCS # 5063), another at the edge of a pool (same pool as employed "Hyla microcephala" and "green-backed dendrobates"). || Its call (at least the one we heard at that time, being given by that animal) is a single note, repeated at intervals. I would describe as a sort of musical chuck. Nov. 22 At 9:30 p.m. an individual's calling was studied; two or three others were also calling. No calls were noted earlier in the evening, and none were noted from about 10:00 to 11:00 p.m. || Calling individual studied was sitting in a hole (entrance to rodent hole?) in an 18" cut bank of the creek. It was about 4"-5" above stream level. The entire bank was festooned with horsey masses of fine roots; the frog was visible only when these were removed. || With reference to notes of Nov. 19, above (last sentence), I would

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Nordraskson 1950 Leptodactylus "obscura" 2 Nov. 21 Buena Vista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Buena Vista Took one (#1587) and saw a small one in 18"x4" puddle E-facing on open grassy hillside. Water temp. (sun) =28.4°C, air at 6"(overcast sun)=24.4°C. Frog was in water when 1st seen (disturbed from grass in puddle)

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Hardrickson 1950 Leptodactylus "obscura" Nov.22 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. now describe the call as a non-musical "tic", almost metallic in character. (this after working with pitchpipe and whistle in an attempt to place call somewhere on the musical scale!). The call is about 3 notes above violin A. The duration I estimate at about 15 sec. Following are number of calls given (at fairly evenly-spaced intervals) over specified time intervals: 27 calls in 60 seconds 36 " " 60 " 10 " " 15 " 10 " " 15 " 8 " " 15 " 9 " " 15 " "tic" "tic" "tic" "tic" "tic" No marked pauses were noted; calling seems to be continuous, without any definite rest periods. Two individuals taken, one of them the calling individual. Other was on open mud slope, gently sloping, stream banks.

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Nordvicson 1950 Leptodactylus "procerus" Nov. 8 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Took one specimen hopping across ground some distance from water, at same place we collected Huila crepitans (see species account, this date). When first seen, out of the corner of my eye, it was hopping so fast (across rather bare soil & leaves) that I thought it was a rodent running. This very pronounced ability to get about rapidly was also noted on specimen #1502, purchased from a boy in town at an earlier date. At that time, it escaped while I was examining it (in a store on the "main" street). It went out of my hand, out of the store, across the street in what seemed a flash, disappearing thru a doorway to a patio opposite the store. A troop of small boys were after it the instant it escaped my hand. Crossing the street it moved fast enough to keep well ahead of them all. This frog is beyond doubt the fastest-moving animal I have encountered to date.

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Hardwickson 1950 Leptodactylus "maja" Nov. 9 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Took one specimen hopping on [illegible] bare ground with some dead leaves and a few herbs. It was about 6' from the nearest water (see map in today's journal).

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Hendrickson 1950 Leptodactylus "Leptodactylus limbae propinquus #1564" Nov. 18 Trinidad, 1600 ft., Boyaca, Colombia, S. A. Specimen #1564 taken in clump of coarse grass beside landing strip (army) about 3km. from the town. It was noted when it squeaked as if seized by a predator, and Dr. Stibbins thought he saw a snake's tail in the dense grass. We could not find the snake, but the frog, when taken, had drops of blood on its head and the skin of one leg was badly torn. The soil, and the grass, was dry at the spot of capture. Color notes: Body a grayish-tan ground color, with 2 pairs of cream- colored dorso-lateral folds (other longitudinal folds between medial pair of cream-colored folds, but these follow general body color). Pattern of dark greenish-hued tan blotches and dashes; the blotches with a thin, broken border of black. Cream-stone line from just behind snout-tip to ant, base of fore-limbs (touching v. side tympanum as it passes under ear). Upper lip margin with irregular white border. D. surface limb with tan to yellow-tan ground color and pattern of elongate, irregularly-

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Nordnicksen 1950 Leptodactylus "Leptodactylus friata purpura #1564" Nov. 18 Trinidad, 1600 ft., Boyaca, Colombia, S.A. bordered blotches or/and bars of dark brown. Most of dorsal surface of humeral region occupied by an area where suffusion of lipochrome (?) has given a light bronze hue to the groundcolor. Tympanum transparent; columella clearly visible. Eye: copper-hued gold black = guanophores chalky white line of mouth pectoral girdle, disk shown in white for form - are also opaque & densely guanotic. nos guanophores or melanophor (almost transparent) yellow lipochrome? suffusion (heaviest in groin) Ventral surface of body "fish belly white" with suffusion of yellow from strongest at pelvis to faintest at ant. part of disk. Guanistic region of pelvis (and extension onto each leg) is not so dense as more anterior portioris, and has more liquid yellow suffusion.

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Kerdelison 1950 Hyla crepitans Oct. 19 5 km N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Hula, Colombia, S. A. I found one individual sitting in shallow water amid rank grass in the berona patch 5 of camp. Dr. [illegible] found one up in a plant (see his notes). The call is a harsh, intermittent, rasping one. The animals seemed to respond to my attempted vocal imitation of the sound - a combined throat-clearing and low vocal sound production. Oct. 21 One individual found about 3 ft. up in a bush beside a pool in the quebrada 5 of camp. Another found about 1 ft. up in a similar bush about 15-20 ft. away. Both individuals were heard calling. Oct. 22 One of Museum specials set near pool in quebrada 5 of camp (same pool mentioned in account of this species for Oct. 22) contains a pair in amplexus. The female was had extruded some eggs (under the pressure of the trap bar) Oct. 24 A tadpole (hind legs external), probably of this species, was brought in by Porico and Paulino with a collection of small fish from the quebrada 5 of camp.

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Nordenskiold 1950 Hyla crepitans Nov. 3 5km N Villavieja, 1400 ft, Huila, Colombia, S.A. A number of individuals heard calling from marshy portion of park-like area on W side R.R. tracks just N of Iguacada Lajas bridge. This was at about 10:00 P.M. No other anuran voices were noted at this spot, unlike other places where crepitans is heard occasional in a chorus of other voices. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 8 Took one (#1508) from land at edge Nov. 8 Took one at 9:20 P.M., from calling from perch on coarse grass in river-edge woodland-banana field near place at edge of town where Peraloma canoe is kept tied up. Temp. of frog = 24.0°C.; temp. of air at spot where taken = 23.7°C, air temp at G

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Hendrickson 1950 3 Hyla crepitans Nov. 8 Villavicija, 1400 ft., Neila, Colombia, S. A. The frog & toad was about 2' off the ground, perched diagonally on a nearly vertical stem of heavy grass. (perched so far as I could see, on the single stem indicated by an arrow) The grass on which the frog was found was part of a clump growing beside a 4-part concrete trough. The sections were about 2' square by 1/2" (?) deep. 2 sectors (near frog) were almost full of water; the other two were empty. Nov. 9 The strongest chorus of this species encountered thus far was heard in the vicinity of a pool near the river W of the cemetery (see pool where "Hyla microcephala" collected on sketch map in today's journal).

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Nordickson 1950 Hyla crepitans Nov. 19 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. First specimen taken at about 9:30 P.M. Temp. of frog = air temp. = 24.3°C.; water = 22.6°C. Air temp. (6") = 22.6°C., water Temp. = 24.3°C. It was sitting at the water's edge beneath overhanging grass 6"-10" tall. The pool was a rain pool about 4'x8'; its maximum depth appeared to be about 6". Also took an amplexed pair in the water at the edge of this pool. Later, I took another amplexed pair in another pool on the other (N) side of the creek (same pool as green-backed dendrobatid and amplexed "H. microcephala"). This pair was in the shallow water beneath overhanging grass and bushes. The pool measured about 4 1/2 x 10'. The call seems different from the calls heard at Carbatana and near Villavicija earlier on this trip. Nov. 22 Saw three individuals, one about 2 1/2 ft. up in bush, two at water's edge. Individual in bush was about 20' from water, about 6 ft. above stream level. One of those at water's edge was at edge of 4'x6' rain pool; other was on creek banks. Both the last

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Hardrickson 1950 Ryla crepitans Nov. 22 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. two were sitting under overhanging grass and herbs. No calls of this species heard tonight.

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Hendrickson 1950 Hylo labialis Nov. 15 Bogota', 8500 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Found many individuals a few blocks west of the Servicio Geologico, in the Ciudad Universitaria. The area was a "meadow" of dense, matted, Bermuda-like edge grass, with many pools spotted over it. Most of the pools appeared to be 6"-18" deep at the deepest point; one which I waded across proved to be almost 3' deep. The pools varied in size from tiny puddles to about 20' diam. and 15' x 40' (estimate). It was difficult in many cases to determine the extent of the water-covered area; I several times discovered that I was beginning to walk out on a thick, dense mat of grass "floating" on water. The grass-free water surface was largely covered by "mats" of a tiny duckweed-like plant (with either many leaves or dissected, lobate leaves). This mat was green in places, but most of it was rather strongly suffused with rusty-brown (color of living-not dead-plants). We arrived at about 4:30 P.M., and at that time the frogs were maintaining a fairly strong chorus which could be heard about two blocks away. Most of the frogs seen were sitting well out in the

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Hendrickson 1950 Kyle Labialci Nov. 15 Bogota, 8500ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. water (away from the shoreline), of tenest in an area of emergent plant stoms. Almost all were in areas covered with the "duckweed" mat; usually only the head and part of the back was visible. When frightened they ducked down under the duckweed mat; only a few were observed to push up through it again, a short distance from the original spot. Following are a few temperature records: (The day was heavily overcast at this time) 4: 45 P.M. frog = 20.2° C.; water = 20.4° C.; air = 15.1° C. (amplexed 5:00 P.M. pair) frog (2) = 17.1° C.; water = 17.5° C.; air = 13.3° C. 5:17 P.M. frog = 18.8° C.; water = 20.3° C.; air = 13.0° C. 5:20 P.M. frog = 17.4° C.; water = 18.0° C. air = 13.1° C. At 5:23 found a frog sitting, half-submerged, on a mat of duckweed (partially submerged by frog's weight). To me, its croak sounds like: waah .... waah .... waah See Dr. Stebbins notes for tone analysis and diagrams of croaking frogs. The number of calls were: in 15 seconds timing - 17 calls in 30 "" "" - 24 calls in 15 "" "" - 12 calls in 30 "" "" - 29 calls

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Hendrickson 1950 Ryla labialis Nov. 15 Bogota, 8500 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Another frog watched croaking 5:40 P.M. - about 6:00 P.M. had the following frequencies: in 15 seconds timing - 15 calls in 15 seconds timing - 14 calls in 60 " " - 43 calls This individual called for roughly 45-60 sec., then usually "rested" for about 15 seconds. The above 60 sec. timing included one of these "rests". I looked for eggs and tadpoles, but was unable to find either. One of the "adults" taken has what appears to be the stump of a resorbing tail; if, this is normal and not an abnormality of this individual, then this species reaches almost adult size before metamorphosis is complete. We left after dark; by this time the chorua had swelled considerably over its volume at 4:30 P.M. Occasionally among the "orthodox" calls, we heard a drawn-out, complaining sort of croaks, on a falling inflection. Whether this resulted from poor resonance due to pressure against glass stems, or whether it could possibly be a female call, we do not know. In our collection of 24 frogs, only 4 (?)

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Nordrichon 1950 Hyla labialis Nov. 15 Bogota, 850ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. are females. Is this an indication of a beginning breeding period, with an almost all-male chorus at first? Apparent absence of eggs and tails would seem to bear this out, as would the finding of one of the four females in amplexus. The male has an enlarged thumb, a darker, wrinkled, throat skin, and a belly coloration lacking dark, reticulate, punctate spots.

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Hendrickson 1950 "Kyla microcephala" Nov. 9 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Kaila, Colombia, S.A. Found numerous individuals in an area of pools on low ground W of the cemetery. See map in today's journal for details of locality. See Dr. Stibbins notes for results of our study of voice, etc. The frogs collected were all perched on blades or stones of tall grass (to 15" above water level) growing in pools of water, or on other plants growing out of the water. None were found on similar plants at the pond edge which were not submerged at their basal portions. One I saw with vocal pouch extended (partially so?) gave me the impression of suffused dark pigment on the pouch. The general color of the living frog was a pinkish tan, fairly rich in hue (this by light of my headlamp).

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"Hylo microcephala" Nov. 19 Villa viceno, 600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. One lone individual and one amplexed pair taken. The lone animal was in a bush, calling, about 12

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"Kyla minuta" Nandrichson 1950 Nov. 21 Lami.E.Buonaiuta Cano Parado, 3100 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Two individuals (#15808 #1579) taken from petiole of large-leaved "elephant-ear" plant. This plant was about 10 ft. from the point of capture of the im. Also "micropunctatus" taken today. See species account for this animal for description of local environment. length of leaf = approx. 2 ft. x-section at C x-Section at A water Section in plane of page (=vertical) passing thru junction of petiole with stem of plant overlapping edges of petiole frog diam. of stem/petiole at this point = about 1 1/2" x-Section at B The niche of the frogs is best described by the above diagramme. Both were in the same petiole, in the enclosed portion. Both were facing up, toward the leaf. Temp. of similar spot on another petiole of same plant = 20° C. Many other petioles were not had no sections which were completely enclosed, as at B; such enclosed niches were easy to find, however. The frogs

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"Hyla minuta" Nordickson 1950 2 mi. E Buonavista Nov. 21 Caño Parado, 3100 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. were very agile and active, once disturbed. (#1580) One was crushed during capture and died. Dorsal view x 3, #1581 section of v. skin x10 (approx.) .= melanophore o= guanophore = open space in melanophore stipple; with tint of copper behind pectoral girdle, changing to white on abdomen. Ant. Eye x 10 (approx.) Dissection of both did not definitely determine sex (insufficient magnification), but I believe #1581 is an immature ♀, ♂

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"Phyllobates cyanus" Nov. 25 4 km. S 22 km. W San Martin; 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Saw two (Dr. Stebbins captured one); my number is #1609. Both were hopping on floor of cleared forest trail (20' wide) among leaves and grass when seen. Probably they had been "flushed" from under cover in the leaf litter. Another, smaller one, was seen and missed. They kept on moving and were difficult to find again and catch in the leaf litter. See Dr. Stebbins notes for color description.

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Henrickson 1950 "Phyllobates rubris" Nov. 23 5km. S. Villavicencio, 1600ft., Meta, Colombia, 5. A. #1601 taken from under rotting slab off palm trunk (10' long x 11" wide x 1"-2½" thick) lying with hard surface down on bare, damp clayey soil. Temp. of soil = 24.8° C. Temp. of air at 6"= 28.3° C. Soil formed cast, did not break or topping. Many fine roots matted through soil. The piece of cover lay at the side of a forest trail which ran down a cleared lane about 10' wide. Straight up, therefore, was a clear space allowing a short period of insolation; otherwise the dense forest gave almost complete shade. The spot was about 5' or 6' above the stream level, almost level (cut banks to water of stream) and about 30 ft. from the Rio Ocoa. The frog began to hop rapidly when uncovered. #1602 was taken from under a piece of dead wood about 3' x 8" x 3", in a similar spot along the same trail. See Dr. Stebbins notes for color description.

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"Phyllobates subpunctatus" Hendrickson 1950 Nov. 14 Bogota, 8700 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. In lieu of species account for first encounter with species, see journal for Oct. 15. As before we had an overcast afternoon with occasional showers. We found the frogs calling from many points on the hillside as before (perhaps a slightly weaker chorus?). We encountered specimens with little difficulty and visiting the pool where we had previously found individuals carrying many tadpoles, we found them plentiful again. One small (newly metamorphosed) frog [without tail] was also taken in the water of the pool. See Dr. Stebbins' notes for re-description of call, sketch of pool, and color notes on animals. Dec. 5 Dr. Stebbins and I collected again at the pool mentioned above. At 7:05 A.M. the water temp. was 12.0° C.; the air temp (no sun) at 6" was 11.3° C. A chorus of the frogs was going on, and we collected tadpole-carriers and a series of larger tadpoles.

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Herbickson 1950 Phylllobates subpurotatus Dec. 29 (Notes on captive animals in Berkeley) Several adults, including some bearing tadpoles on their backs, were brought home from Colombia successfully, and have been kept in an aquarium in the M.V.Z. bone room at about 12°C. Eventually all but two tadpole carriers were killed; on Dec. 28 both those were still carrying their tadpoles; one was killed then. On Dec. 29, (today) the tadpoles had all left the frog except for two tails hanging on the extreme post. end of the adult's body. The tode which had fallen off "were on the bottom of the aquarium in a thin film of water there. They were quite active. There was little or no yolk visible in the guts of the tadpoles. Water then added to depth of 1/2". (#12/29/50) Color notes on one of the tails: Animal invested in milky-clear envelope overlaying opaque, dark-pigmented tissue of body proper. Region of outer envelope ant. to and between eyes with an irregular, loose net of melanophores. Loose scattering of small green-gold guanophores in envelope, mostly post. to eyes, and maina.

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Harshbarger 1950 Phylllobates subpunctatus Dec. 29 (Notes on captive animals in Berkeley) in dorsal areas. All guanophores seen dorsally are of the same, slightly- greenish, gold color. The stipple of guanophores is almost dense along the spinal region, with other less-dense studding in diffuse fashion laterally. Two "protozoa-like" bulges, one behind each eye, are relatively free from guanophores. The eyes have a pupillary ring of close-set (single row) golden- (greenish) cells, with a few scattered over the black iris surface. Laterally, the guanophores are seen to be limited to the areas of barkest melanic pigmentation. Little on the "cephalothoracic" 1/2 of the body, the lower limit of the guanophores is roughly along a line from mouth corner to center (d.-v.) of tail base. On the "abdominal" 1/2 of the body, they extend further onto the ventral surface, the non-guanistic area over the intestine (v. view) being about twice the width lateral thickness of the tail base in width. A few scattered guanophores can be seen on the tail and tail membrane.

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Hendrickson 1950 Hyloxalus granuliventris (RES) Dendrobates "punctatus" Protherapis palmatae Nov. 21 Buenavista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. Many individuals along rushing mountain stream (see water Tadpole species account for today) and along small diversion ditch bringing water from stream to farmyard at Buenavista. Near fast, fairly cool water in all cases which I noted. Took one immature with tail stub (#1588) for use in making up developmental series. Dr. Stebbins has all tadpoles and other frogs rounded in his catalogue. To see his notes for color description, also. Many individuals were calling along the creek and the ditch, but I could not approach closer than about 8 ft. and could not definitely identify the call with this frog. Just before leaving Buenavista we saw and heard two individuals calling in the farmyard. The call is a bell-like stuttering whistle, 3 notes above violin A: m-m-m-m-m-m-m (long m) The frequency of the notes is just a bit faster than I can achieve with lung control

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Hyloxalus granuliventris (RCS) Dendrobates 'punctatus' Prostherapis palmatae Nordickson 1950 Nov. 21 Buena Vista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. of breath while trying to whistle a rapid series of short notes. I can achieve the best imitation (for me!) by whistling a clear prolonged [illegible] note, 3 notes above violin A, while lightly slapping my relaxed cheek with my fingers (as rapidly as I can flutter my wrist). This produces as well the slapping noise, which must be ignored, but the frequency and general character each note are closer to the frog's call. Four calls timed were: 13 seconds duration 11 11 12 The animal showed some response to my attempts at imitation of the call.

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Hendrickson 1950 Rana palmipes Nov. 19 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. One taken at edge of creek just S of town. It was sitting beside on wet mud about 3" from the water, at the foot of a 3'-4' grass- covered, steep bank. I saw several others; they gave a fairly strong, whitish eyeshine which was visible in the light of the headlamp before the body of the frog could be made out. Nov. 22 About 12 seen, about 6 taken. All were in open, on stream banks or bars (mud, rice hull drifts, stream debris, or rocks-and-mud). Very active, and powerful jumpers, some successfully evaded the hand or net at the last instant. temp. 8:40 P.M. temp. of frog = 23.5°C, air temp. at 6" = 25.0°C, water temp. = 25.1°C, 9:00 P.M. temp. of frog = 23.6°C, air temp. at 6" = 23.0°C.

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Nordricken 1950 Ameiva Nov. 1 1-5 km. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Took one (#1489) just N of Villavieja, in tall grass on the R.R. embankment. Its temp. was 37.2°C. Shade temp. then (12:00 M.) was 32°C. This animal two was one of a pair flushed at this point. They were within 12" of each other when first noted. Two other lone animals were seen on the return walk: one beside the R.R. tracks just S of the Quebrada Lajas bridge, the other about 1/8 mile below (5) the bridge near camp. Both were in tall grass. The (12"/18") last of the two apparently went down a hole, although I could not locate the hole. Nov. 2 Saw one Ameiva (glimpse) in foot-high grass on R.R. embankment about 200 yds. S of bridge near camp. It was alert and shy and I could not approach it with a snare. The shade temp. of the air was about 30°C. Nov. 3 Saw a small individual (about 4"-5" snout- tail length) in tall grass beside R.R. tracks just S of bridge near camp. Caught an immature (RCS # 4988) specimen in brush at camp.

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Vendriboon 1950 Amelia Nov. 4 5km. N. Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. At 9:40 A.M. snared adult ♀ (#1498) in brush patch near house about 2/3 km. N of camp via the road. Unlike Amelia noted heretofore, this animal was not in tall grass. The brush patch was composed largely of 2'-4', flexible stemmed, non-thorny bushes (leaves somewhat pubescent, about 3"x1"; flowers small (specimen/plant level) red, in groups at top of shrub); beneath the crowns of the bushes there was a relatively open space, and fairly good, dappled shade. The animal, followed very cautiously with a snare for about 10 min., was hunting actively and was seldom disturbed by me, so far as I could tell. It moved jerkily along, the head and fore-body swinging from side to side as it investigated the ground. It paused frequently to dig, with one foot at a time making repeated movements or (?) once, with both feet digging alternately as a dog digs. At several points it dug holes 3/4" to 1"+ deep. It caught and ate a beetle (or earwig) as I tried to snare it. While being removed from the

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Hendrickson 1950 Iguera Nov. 4 5km N Villavicca, 1400 ft, Huila, Colombia, S.A. snare it bit me on the index finger - a square, champing bite, not a slashing one, and the force of the bite coupled with the sharp jaws broke the tough skin of the fingertip so that it bled for about 1 minute. The shape of the bite may be worthy of record: This was done with the (x2) white tip of the lizard's jaw. Temp. of lizard = 37.1°C. Air temp. (shade) = 28.4° C. Substrate (sun) = 40.0° C.

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Nordrichson 1950 America Nov. 4 5 km. N Villavicija, 1400 ft., Kaula, Colombia, S.A. ♂ adjacent-vent = 141 mm. (JRH #1499) air '1/2

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Vendrickson 1950 Ameiva Nov. 7 5 km N Villarrica, 1400 ft, Huila, Colombia, S-A. JRH #1499, temp experiment continued; shale temp, camp thermometer = 28.8°C. Air Temp. '1/2" above ground (shale) at test locality = 33°C. Soil Temp. test spot = 46.2°C. (climbing slowly) 12:02 P.M. 30.6°C. - start - quiet for the most part, until I cause attempt to escape by my movements. 12:07 35.1°C. - resp. appears to be about 3/sec. - some spontaneous escape movements 12:12 38.2°C. - breathing deeper (B) - resp = about 2/sec. at 12:14 12:14.5 39.9°C. - mouth opened; panting for 1st time - resp = about 3-4/sec. at 12:17 12:18 39.8°C. - resp. deep or about 1.5-2/sec.; mouth opened about '1/4" at jaw tips; full panting when disturbed 12:22 43.2°C. - spontaneous attempts to escape, head bob, & panting; tries to approach me (for shell?) amice related, thermom. enters easily, - actively trying to approach me anyway. slight movement (shake?), breathing deep or about 1.5/sec. 12:26 43.0°C. a cool breeze has sprung up and is apparently negating the solar heating; the animal has remained about its same since 12:22. 12:30 43.4°C. 12:36 43.0°C. - animal shaded while wind - break rigged 12:43 - shaded since 12:43 while windbreak rigged movement of hind legs impaired 12:58 41.1°C. cannot right itself when turned on back; panting stopped 1:03 44.4°C. still attempts to bite finger placed on nose tip. 1:04.5 44.6°C. 1:06 44.0°C. - eyelids almost closed; slight occasional gaping, but no other movement 1:08 44.6°C. - tongue slowly in out several time 1:10 45.4°C. - dead; soil temp = 45.0; air in shade at '1/2" = 33.5°-34.5° -in poor condition and died at low temp relative to fresh-caught animals?.

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Nordricason 1950 Ameiva "viridis" Nov.19 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. See Journal for today for notes on habitat & actions. temp. of ♀ = 38.8°C. temp. of ♂ = 37.9°C. air temp. at 6" (shade) = 30.0°C. air temps. at 6" (surr.) = 31.4°C. Nov.23 5km.5 Villavicencio, 1600ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Numbers seen and collected during the day. They were found in cleared areas, along with Cromidophorus (see species account for today) and were also commonly seen in uncleared forest (usually where small gaps in the tree cover allowed sun to daple the ground). There seemed a definite tendency for the Ameiva to inhabit areas of heavier growth (than the Cromidophorus), where there was less insolation. 9.45AM; im, 46mm. = 37.1°C. air at 6" = 30.8°C. substrate = 32.3°C. crawling over dead leaves and through grass & herbs at edge of cleared forest trail 10:20A.M. ♂, 145mm. = 39.4°C. air at 6" = 26.0°C. substrate = 34.0°C. moving over forest floor in area of dappled sun. 10:25 A.M. im, 55mm. = 34.6°C. air at 6" = 27.6°C. substrate = 30.4°C. moving in and over pile of dry, cut palm leaves at edge of clearing

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"Anole 1463" Oct. 26 5km. N Villa Vigia, 1400ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Took over (#1463) from 2" diam. dead sticks in thick thorn bush on high flat 5. of camp. It was active, but seemed to tend toward hiding and rapid erratic action rather than running away. Was running on the ground when I first saw it. Note: Repeatedly I have seen well-warmed and active animals run swiftly for a short distance, then stop suddenly and with the body motionless, flutter one "hand" very rapidly. The motivation for this is not apparent to me, nor in the result apparent.

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Nordenson 1950 Anadia bogotensis Nov. 14 Bogota', 8800 ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Collected one specimen (# ) on hills at E. side of city. It was on a grass-mat and bracken-covered W-facing slope, in "full sun" under a 12" X 10" X 6" rock. The animal was curled up on a "dry" mat of dead grass and grass stems and roots, on the downhill side of the rock, about 1"-1"1/2" above the damp soil. It did not run when uncovered, and struggled very little when grasped. It opened its mouth but moved little did not thrash its body. Temp. of mat where taken = 15.4° C.

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"Villavo Anole" Nov. 23 5km. S. Villaviciario, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Sawed one (#1600) on trunk of small palm (6'-7' high trunk) in cleared area about 50' from nearest forest or brush border of clearing. The palm was roughly similar in appearance (leaves) to a date palm. The lizard avoided me for some time by running around the trunk of the palm, but showed an apparent reluctance to leave the tree and enter the surrounding 8"-12" grass. See Dr. Stbbins' notes for color notes on this species.

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Hendrickson 1950 Cranidophorus lanniscatus Oct. 21 5 km N Villarejo, 1400 ft., Neila, Colombia, S. A. On the sparsely-vegetated S slope of the quebrada S of camp, at about 3:00 P.M., I found 2 individuals in the shade of a small thorn bush. One (the more vividly-colored) was grasping the other (slightly smaller) animal by the back skin just anterior to the pelvic region. The "aggressor" seemed to be oblivious to my attempts to capture the pair. The one being held made strenuous efforts to escape, and successfully evaded me, running back and forth under the bush. They shuttled back and forth thus 5 or 6 times, evading me. At length, I used my gun barrel to "herd" them out onto bare ground; I could not force them out into the hot sun, and eventually, they broke apart and escaped. Oct. 28 Many have been seen since coming to this camp. Paulino is able to snare 10 or more a day near camp if we so wish. Fig. 1 Repeatedly I have seen well-awarded, active, animals run swiftly for a short distance,

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Hendrickson 1950 Cnemidophorus lemniscatus Nov. 1 5 km. N. Villarría, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. them stop suddenly and - with the body motionless - "flutter" one fore paw rapidly. Neither the stimulus nor the effect of this is apparent to me. Dr. Stollins has suggested that it might "sting" insects. Nov. 2 When fairly cold, the "hard flutter" is slowed down to a rather slow "waving", but consistently occurs, nevertheless. Perico today snared a female with a male gripping her by the back skin in the lumbar region behind the forelimbs. The male did not release his grip, and he carried them to camp and arrived (about 1 minute later) with them still together, them male hanging onto the snared female with a "bulldog" grip.

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Henderson 1950 Oreophorus Nov. 23 5 km. 5 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Numbers seen and collected; in contrast to the Ameiva viridis also seen and collected today, the Oreophorus were noted almost solely in cleared areas or at edges of clearings. In a recently cleared area near the road we found the heaviest population. Here there was a growth of coarse grass, herbs, and low shrubs 8"-24" high, and many stumps and tangles of deal sticks. See Ameiva viridis species account for today for description of habitats noted. Three or four times during the day I noted animals climbing among tangled brush and vines well above the ground (12"-36"). One followed in attempt to snare it did the following; seen on dead 8" log lying on ground; worked length of log and jumped to 3' high stump about 6" from end of log; ascended stump and walked on a vine (1/4" diam.) across a space of about 18" to a tangle of brush and vines; crawled and jumped through the tangle, eventually disappearing into the tangle at a height of about 4'-4 1/2' above ground. It acted very much

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Hendrickson 1950 Cnemidophorus Nov. 23 5km. S. Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. like the Mabuya seen near Instituto Roberto Franco (Dr. Stbbins collected one of these on Nov. 19 - see his notes, etc.). The above Cnemidophorus was first seen at about 8:45 A. M. The animal was seen clearly over a space of 5-10 minutes; I personally am certain it was not the skink whose actions it copied so closely. Temperature data - see following page.

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Hendrickson 1950 Cnemidophorus Nov. 23 5am S Villavicencio, 1600 ft, Meta, Colombia, S.A. No size sex Time Cloaca substrate air@°C temperatures activity and where found 1 97mm ♀ 8:25 A.M. 37.6°C 39.8°C 33.3°C running in 6"-8" grass in sunny clearing 2 106mm ♂ 8:50 A.M. 38.5°C 30.1°C 38.0°C general while working along upper surface of leaf litter on log 3 83mm ♂ 9:15 A.M. 37.8°C 28.0°C 30.4°C moving over substrate in 1"-18" gravel, held at edge of direct clearing 4 123mm ♂ 10:30 A.M. 37.4°C 30.8°C 35.5°C moving over ground in 8"-10" grass and dead leaves at margin of river growth (cleaning edges) 5 81mm ♀ 3:50 P.M. 38.5°C 29.9°C 43.5°C working in river-margin brush on dry sandy soil 6 101mm ♂ 3:55 P.M. 36.7°C 29.0°C 36.0°C in brush pile beside river - on leaf-littered sandy soil

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Hendrickson 1950 Gonatodes Oct. 22 5 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. This species seems rather common, and is frequently seen on the trunks of trees, in and on dead logs, etc. Today I saw several on a shaded 6-10 ft. cliff of the local clayey rock. They hid in fracture in the rock where comes by sliding sections moving off the cliff. In the dense brush near camp I chased two into a tree cavity inhabited by a swarm of small bees. Oct. 28 Numbers can be found almost anywhere if they are searched for. Their local name is "juliana" (or "juliero")? Nov. 8 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. saw many on walls of cemetery and chapel during night visit. They were very easy to catch (by hand) with a head light at night.

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"small, thin gecko" Novraibson 1950 1/2 mi. E Buenaista Can Parado, 3100 ft. Buenaista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 21 Beneath 15"x10"x7" rock resting on damp sandy soil about 15' from 5' above water of clear, rushing mountain creek. Soil quite damp, but could not squeeze water from it. Temp. of soil = 19.9 C.; air temp at 6" (shade) at 9:50 A.M. = 21.8 C. Walls of canyon in which stream runs (on slope of which animal was taken) eroded clean by slides in spots; covered with 3'-8' ferns, dense brush, & vines in more-eroded spots (root of walls vegetated). Niche of animal - 90% shale Animal moved quickly, but was easily captured when it remained motionless after first movement. Its dark brown color closely matched the color of the soil. It was exceedingly thin-skinned and delicate, and dried up before it was preserved (probably from heat while still out in field) see Dr. Stebbins specimen of this genus. For this day - the two appeared identical to me. (RCS#5069)

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Nordenson 1950 Leiocephalus Nov. 14 Bogota, 8800ft., Cundinamarca, Colombia, S.A. Took one moving rather sluggishly across top of a bracken-and-brush-covered rockpile. This was on a W-facing slope in "full sun" at the base of a 10'-30' cliff. On a sunny day I imagine this would be one of the warmest spots on this hillside. The animal was missing one hind foot; the stump looked fairly well-healed. Possibly this infirmity accounted to some extent for its seeming sluggishness.

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Hendrickson 1950 Theradactylus rapidulus Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 8 saw one large individual inside chapel in cemetery. It was very shy and concealed itself in a creck so that we could not collect it. Local name is "salamanguejo", and its feet are believed to be highly venomous.

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Hendrickson 1950 Iguana Oct. 25 5 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. At about 7 A.M. Benico led me to a 3'-3 1/2" (total length) specimen ensconced in the topmost branches of a slender (indigofera suffruticosa? very tall for the tree?) tree. It was about 40 feet off the ground. The tree was in a dense thicket on the S side of the quebrada S of camp, about 75 yds E. of the banana patch [which is] (almost due S of camp). I climbed as high as I was able, and, after a number of unsuccessful attempts, pulled the noose taut on the animal. It wriggled free, and fell to the ground, and escaped. It seemed more yellow (less green) than the one Dr. Stebbins brought in on Oct. 23 (?). It was more sluggish than I had expected, allowing considerable thrashing of its perch and abortive attempts with the noose and making only minor evasive movements. Was it warming up in the sun at that hour, and would it have been more wary later or in the heat of the day? Nov. 1 +3 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Paulino thinks he saw an individual beside the Magdalena River just S of Quebrada Fajas. The area is one of big trees.

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"lizard" Hendrickson 1950 Nov. 25 Col[illegible] Hm. 5.22 km. W San Martin, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Took one immature (#1408) among leaves and grass on cleared trail (20' wide). ventral surface mid-dorsal line d. aspect tail D. head color imaginary skin strip Eye ->ant.

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Nordenskiold 1950 Lizard eggs Nov.21 Buenavista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Under 10"x3'x4'-6" piece of dead wood (natural) found 17 lizard eggs. Temp. of soil = 22.6°C. Eggs resting on dark, damp, root- smoked soil. 13 of eggs in one cluster in pocket at one side, 4 others scattered singly at other points under the piece of wood. On open, grassy, NW-facing slope (15°?) in full sun. Nearby a 5'x10' patch of low brush. About 20' W., the border between this grassy field and the steep W-sloping forested area. First egg was bad (?). 2nd contained embryo (#1578), Fz. 1/2"-long black ante under same cover. Two more embryos latter dissected out and placed with first, under #1578.

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Hendrickson 1950 2 Helicops Nov. 30 46km. S, 22km. W San Martin, 1600ft, Meta, Colombia, S.A. This snake was "swimming" in swift water where the creek flowed over a smooth section of bed rock to the river. It "swam" under water, bracing itself on bottom irregularities for about 3 minutes before a good opportunity for seizing it arrived. Eventually it reached a pile of three large rocks in midstream; it entered a crack in this pile under water, and with prodding, its head appeared above water. "dorsal" scale rows scale rows neck mid-body post. body (just ant. to anal) Dactrostege Urostegae 26 23 17 132 78/79 + 1 terminal Snout vent length = 554 mm. Total length = 784 mm. Dorsal view of head with color lower jaw 12 infra- scales labials 11 infralabials

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Nordmickson 1950 Helicops 3 Nov, 30 Yulm, 3, 22km. W of San Martin; 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. Dorsal ground color Ventral colors yellow cream ground color orange tint black pattern

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"Lampropeltis" Nov. 18 Apeay, 17km S.E. Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia, S.A. RC5#5051 obtained from the army officers as dead specimen. It was killed this morning under a foot-scraper grating(wooden) at the foot of the porch steps at Officer's quarters. There was a heavy rain last night and the man assumed it had come to that spot (under the shelter of the porch leaves) to get out of the rain. The officers, unlike many of the local people, knew it was non-poisonous. It contains a number of large eggs

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Hardinckson 1950 Septodeira Nov. 18 Apia, 17 mi. S.E. Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. #1563 taken as "1 day-old" dead specimen (dead 1 day) in grassy area on army base. It was lying where it had been killed, I was told. This snake was believed venomous by the officers and men.

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Kendrickson 1950 Helicops Nov. 25 Helicops, 22 km W San Martin, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. #1611 taken under dead leaves and sticks (stream drift) on cobble and sand-mud bar beside creek near its mouth on Rio Dujjar. Temp. of snake = 25.3° C. air temp at 6" (shade) = 26.2° C. substrate = 24.6° C. water of creek = 23.6° C. The snake was about 4" above, 24" from the water of the creek, about 30 yds. from its junction with the Rio Dujjar. The bar on which I found it is about 15 yds. long x 8 ft. wide. About 6' from the snake was a 3' high cut bank, above which was the forest. The creek is clear and fast. Nov. 29 - Color notes: Head: (dorsal) Rt eye: Ant. -> Ventral Surface: (1/3 way post.) pattern of black repeated & gap of 1 . clear scale between blotches Side view: (1/3 way post.) Tail (v. surface) Nov. 30 Took one (no number - specimen given to Dr. Medem) at about 9:30 P.M. about 15 yds. below collection locality of #1611.

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Hendrickson 1950 Caiman (?) (specimen not taken - sight records) Oct. 22. Iquebrada Lajas, about 3 km N Villavieja, 1450 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. As I crossed the bridge over the stream at about 9:00 A.M., a small individual (18") plunged off a boulder into the shallow, muddy water. It entered the water with a "loud" splash, like the turtles with which I am familiar in the U.S. It remained with head exposed, moving among the boulders at the stream edge (in a fairly fast current). Upon my approaching closer it submerged and did not reappear. Nov. 2 "Flushed" a large (5'?) individual from a small bar about 10 ft. out in the Magdalena River near the mouth of Iquebrada Lajas. It was lying in tall green grass and I did not see it until it moved. As in the case of the small individual seen on Oct. 22, it did not slide into the water, but launched itself vigorously at a "run" and entered the water with a splash. Nov. 3 Jacklighted, and approached but could not collect a 4' (?) specimen at about 9:30 P.M. in shallow water at mouth of Iquebrada Lajas (or Magdalena River). The eye reflection is a light ruby red. The animal allowed approach to

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Caiman (7) (specimen not taken - sight record) Nov. 3 5 km. N. Duelrada Lajas, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, 5:28 within about 20 ft., but I could not figure any way to prevent it washing away if shot (the current was swift), so I did not shoot at it. It apparently was touching bottom, but kept the tail undulating as if this were necessary to maintain its position in the swift water. I did not observe it to blink at all in the bright light. It did not move about or show any signs of doing so, and I left it as I found it. Nov. 5 Returning from Villavieja via R.R. tracks with Perico, we stopped off at the "puerto" to the River just S. of Duelrada Lajas Bridge. I saw a caiman swimming in the water; I estimate the distance from nostrils to eyes on this animal to be about 10". It swam slowly away from me down a side-branch of the river (an island at this point divides the river). We followed it down to the mouth of Duelrada Lajas and watched it from a distance, paddling and splashing the water in a fairly quiet shallow spot on the opposite side of the

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Hendrickson 1950 Caiman (?) (specimens not taken - sight records) Nov. 5 5km. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. river branch. It remained in this one spot, paddling and splashing with all legs and with its tail, undulating the body as it did so. Perico said it was "playing" in the water. Its head, seen at fairly close range (50 ft.?) when first sighted, was a warm yellow-tan in color. Nov. 8 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. On island adjacent to town, Paulino led me to a "habitual" lair of a caiman which he says is about 1 meter long. This is a small "bay" where an island stream joins the river. We placed a large baited hook, hanging at the water surface at this place. (see journal for sketch of spot)

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Hardwickson 1950 Caiman Nov. 9 Villaviza, 400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Collected a ♀ (#1527) in a pool on low ground W of the cemetery. See map in today's journal for more precise information on locality. Dr. Stedman got an intense red eyeshine from a distance; in trying to approach too close with the shotgun I frightened it and it submerged. Later, when leaving the pool, I looked back and got its eyeshine again. This time I shot it (only head showing) with a full load of #4 shot from about 25-30 ft. away. It thrashed and beat the water for a while, then all was quiet. Dr. Stedman saw a limb slowly sink beneath the water, and probing that spot with sticks, we gradually guided it to one bank of the pool. I got a noose of fishing line over its nose and was trying to half-pull, half-guide it up onto land when it became active again and broke the line. Eventually I got another noose on its head, and with Dr. Stedman prodding and lifting with a pole, we worked it up into a banana patch, about

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Hendrickson 1950 Caiman Nov. 9 Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. 20'-30' from the water. We tied it to a pole and hired two boys to carry it to town. It appeared dead by this time; however, at about 11:00 P.M. it began to thrash vigorously, breaking the wires holding it to the pole. It walked about the room actively for a few seconds, creating some excitement, then it relaxed again. We tied it outside, to a tree. Nov. 10 Three 50 c.c. shots of strong chloroform solution were administered, but until it was more than half-skinned, violent reflexes halted the work at intervals. Paulino, working near the head, began playing with the relaxed jaws; at one point he touched the tongue with his hand, and the jaws clamped shut. He extricated his hand with difficulty and we treated about 5 tooth punctures. These soon became very painful, as did one I received while pressing hard on the teeth to obtain a good grip while fleshing the skull. Either the mucous was highly irritating, or bacteria carried in it

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Nordriksen 1950 Caiman Nov. [illegible] 10 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. were inflaming the wounds. I am inclined to believe the former, since both Paulino's and my wounds were painful for only about 2 days, the pain and swelling gradually subsiding. Nov. 14

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Hondrichson 1950 Carran Nov. 19 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Three small individuals seen (by headlamp) (8' wide x3' deep in hills) in pool in creek just S of town. The pool was a large one for this creek; it was about 18' wide and roughly 36' long (estimated), apparently more than 3 ft. deep. It [illegible] was surrounded by cut banks (3' on one side, about 6' on the other side). The water of the creek was "milky- clear" and smelled of sewage (?). The creek was fairly rapid in the shallow hills, but the water had no perceptible current in the pool. Drifts of and rafts of what appeared to be rice hulls, and stream debbris (sticks, etc.) piles were present. All three were first seen in and near a mass of stream debris and ooze (+ rice hull "raft") near the higher cut bank. Later one or two were also seen at intervals near the lower cut banks opposite, and under overhanging grass from this bank (always only head visible, usually detected only by eyeshine). We were not carrying a gun, and attempts to snare them proved unsuccessful. Nov. 22 Again saw the three mentioned above; this time snared one (#1592) with a snare of #26 wire. Temp. of animal = 26.0 C., water temp. (8:05 P.M.) = 25.1 C. It was

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Kerndtner 1950 Caiman Nov. 22 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. at rest, with only head showing, beside the mass of debris about 1'1/2-2' out from the higher cut bank. When snared, it repeatedly gave a distress call, and continued to give the call for a time when stimulated: " unk unk unk unk Frequency of calling estimated at about 3 every 2-3 seconds, each call lasting about '1/3 sec. Call began about one octave plus 2 or 3 notes above violin G, and ended on about violin g. syllabified, it might be written "oh" instead of "unk". Later in evening, shot the other two animals in the pool, but could not recover either of them. At about 10:20 P.M., about '1/2 mile down the creek in another fairly large pool, shot another animal about 5" snout-to-eyes, but lost it, too. At about 10:30 saw another small individual in an inaccessible spot under a cut bank in another pool, but did not try to collect it. See Dr. Stebbins notes for color description.

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Hendrickson 1950 Casimira Jacaretinga Nov. 26 El Mico, Hlem S., 7.2 km W San Martin, 1600 ft., Meta Colombia S.A. See Journal for today (#/613) This was a ♀ with all small eggs in the ovary. It had a 7"-8" fish in its stomach. See Dr. Stobbins notes for eye color.

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Hendrickson 1950 Jacaretinga Dec. 1 El Mico, 4 hkm., 5.22 km. W. San Martin, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Went out with Carlos Balvayer at about 7:00 P.M. to forest E. of the ranch. We hunted for "cachiras" (Cairana) along a small, clear stream running through the dense forest. The stream runs fairly rapidly along its channel, but at many points is distributed over areas of quiet, clear pools and backwaters. I took two very young babies (# 8 # ) from 1"-2" of clear water in a 6'x10' pool, quiet, and with maximum depth of about 4". Water trickled into the pool at 3 separate points; there was a single with 3'-brook x 4" deep connection to the main stream course. Both babies ducked under and swam for cover underwater as I approached (rather noisily). When taken they began to give distress "croaks" and continued to do so for some time. The "croak" sounded almost identical the that given by the animal sawed near Villavicencio, as best I can recall it. About 7:45 P.M. I saw a larger (18"?) animal (# ). The babies were still croaking (in a sack hung from my belt) and the larger animal approached to within about

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Hendrickson 1950 Jacaretinga Dec. 1 El Misso 4 1 km. S, 22 km W San Martin, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia S.A. eight feet, swimming about 15 feet straight toward me. Later in the evening Carlos collected another animal (# ).

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"Heirosteron" Nordickson 1950 Nov. 8 Villavicca, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. (#1508) Took one on island adjacent to town. It was moving toward the water (disturbed by my approach), still about 3ft. from the water, when noticed. This was at the edge of a pool (25'x70'x6"-10"?) in a banana grove near the (downstream) N end of the island. Water temp = 27° C., air at 6" (shade) = 24.5° C. The pool was partially filled with dead and decaying banana leaves. The muck of the pool had a distinctly foul odor. The turtle had a foul- smelling muck as well.

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Hendrickson 1950 pleurodère turtle Nov. 23 5 km. S. Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. #1604 taken in small puddle in middle of cleared (20' wide) trail through forest. Puddle: Cloacal temp. of turtle = 29.1° C. water temp. = 28.5° C. Soft, oozy, yellow-brown mud in puddle. Series of L. "obscura" (?) tadpoles taken in same puddle (#1603) When noticed, turtle was completely submerged, creating swirls of mud in the fairly clear water (trying to hide, or hunting tadpoles?). See Dr. Stebbins' notes for color description of this specimen.

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Hendrickson 1950 Turkey Vulture Oct. 29 5pm N Villavieja, 1400 ft, Huila Colombia, S.A. A Durayon carcass was anchored within view of camp today, in hope of attracting a King Vulture (no success). Numbers of Turkey and Black Vultures came in to the carcass, and several Caracaras also came in (as well as several small hawks - dark with white areas on wings - called "pichilingos" by Paulino). The Black Vultures came in most rapidly and seemed the most "tame". The Black and Turkey Vultures seemed about equal in dominance about the carcass; both dominated the Caracaras, which in turn drove off the "Pichilingos". At one time when three Turkey Vultures and one Caracara were the only birds actively working on the carcass, I was able to keep track of individual birds for about 15 minutes; there seemed to be a distinct peck-order among the three vultures, with one clearly dominant, and one rather clearly the "low man". Occasionally a Caracara would challenge a vulture, but was never able to stand its ground against the larger bird. The caracaras were called frequently - rather like

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Nashribon 1950 Turkey Vulture Oct. 29 5 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. a challenge. Once I saw a Caracara run about 20 ft. to chase away a "Pichilingo". At one time I looked up to see what appeared to be mating (but may have been a fight) between two Turkey Vultures. The two birds stood almost breast-to-breast, with heads moving up and down, apparently pecking at each other. One obtained a grip on the other bird's neck, and, maintaining this hold, maneuvered onto the other bird's back. The two remained thus, actively struggling, with wings partly extended, for about 10 seconds, then broke apart. The aggressor showed no further interest in the other bird. At about 10:30 P.M., beside road to Villavieja (from camp) near Quebrada Lajas, I found a Turkey Vulture sleeping in a tree. The woods were fairly dense and mesophytic at this point. The bird had its head tucked under a wing, and was not aroused immediately by the light. Its perch was a 1" diam. limb about 10 ft. above ground. Nov. 4 see Black Vulture for this date.

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Nordricken 1950 Black Vultures Oct. 29 5 km N Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Kulu, Colombia, S.A. See account under Turkey Vulture for this date. Local name is "chulu" (general) Nov. 4 Walked about 2 km. N (NE?) of camp to where a dead horse was being consumed by vultures. How many (50?) Black and Turkey Vultures. The horse was lying in 2" - 4" inches of swamp water; the birds waded in this water without hesitation. There was a great deal of competition and loud, coarse hissing (?) between individuals. The eyes had been removed, but otherwise there was no opening made in the animal that I could see. While sitting at a point of vantage near the dead horse, looking for King Vultures, Perico related for me the story of why vultures always attack the eyes of a dead animal first. The story bears back to long ago when the animals could all talk. One day a horse was lying asleep, sprawled out with anus relaxed and partly everted. A vulture flying over thought the horse was dead; he alighted and took

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Black Vulture Nov. 4 5km N Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, 5 A.M. a tentative bite at the exposed, tender mucous membrane. The horse awoke and inverted the anus instantaneously, catching and carrying in the vulture's head. Then followed a wild flight across country until the vulture finally extricated itself. This experience so impressed the other vultures when told to them, that a grand council was held start on and they decided to attack [illegible] the other end of the animal first. Ever after, the eyes have been attacked first.

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Hendrickson 1950 Sarcoramphus Oct. 25 5 km N Villavicencio, 1400 ft, Huila, Colombia, S.A. 2 specimens seen soaring near camp in the afternoon. One was among a soaring group of vultures. The white primaries(?) contrasting with black body and rest of wing (?) were visible at a great distance (were these vultures?) Oct. 27 3 came in to a carcass (?) thrown out after skinning. They appear to be King Vultures. They were shy compared to the black vulture, turkey vulture, and caracaras which also came in, and for this reason I feel that we had no opportunity to observe the true "pack" relationship between this and the smaller species. We tried unsuccessfully to collect one. Local name is "rey gallinazo" Nov. 3 shot an individual sitting in a tree beside Duebrada Berbatana about 3/4 mile below (WSW) camp. A dead pig was being consumed by a group of turkey and black vultures nearby. This bird had no white dorsally, unlike (to the best of my memory) the ones seen near camp on Oct. 27. Could it be an immature? I hung the supposedly dead bird in a tree

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Vandrichson 1950 Sarcorhamphus Nov. 3 5km N Villavieja, 1400 ft, Huila, Colombia, S.A. and continued hunting on downstream. Upon my return it was gone. Whether it revived and moved away, or was taken by a human or wild animal, I do not know. Nov. 4 Walked to dead horse about 2 km. N of camp (NE?) to try to collect a specimen. Many Black and Turkey Vultures were seen, but none of this species. Nov. 5 Paulino, on directions of a local resident, found the bird I had shot on Nov. 3. It must have revived sufficiently to have broken loose from where it was hanging and flopped (with legs tied about 50 yards off. It has been mauled by pigs (?) and is very much fly-blown. I shall save the skeleton only (#1501) It is a young male [I believe] I am correct in assuming it to be immature). This explains the lack of white dorsally (?), Iris yellow cere red-to-yellow- to orange, with fleshy prominence ->

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Vandrichon 1950 Buteo magnirostris Oct. 28 5pm. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Naira, Colombia, S.A. Paulino shot a female with a 15mm. diam. ovarian egg. It is buteo-like; the following brief color description was made: dark gray head, back, and upper wing surfaces (with rust on primaries of outer '1/2 of wing); gray breast, gray- &-white to tan-&-white barred on belly and under surface of wings. Tail with '1/2

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Nordbrosen 1950 Caracara Oct. 29 5 km. N Villavicio, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. See species account for this date under Turkey Vulture.

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"Leptotila" "mourning dove" (tan-breasted, gray-backed dove, the size of a turtle dove (larger?) with rounded, white-edged tail) Hendrickson 1950 Oct. 22 5 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Found a nest containing two eggs in a pocket in a 6'-10' cliff-face W. of R.R. tracks, almost on a line thru camp and R.R. culvert just N of camp. The pocket lay opened W.N.W. The nest was a flat collection of sticks and grass stems. A female flushed off the nest as I approached. cliff face minor ledge ferns major ledge pocket nest broad leaved, shrubby plants cliff face Nov. 1 Perico shot on a female with an oviducal egg this P.M.; it was in a small tree in the thicket around camp. Local name (general) is "tortula" Nov. 3 In Duebaba Carbetana about '1/2 mile downstream (WSW) from camp, watched two individuals sitting back and forth on a limb about 15 ft. above me, slapping one-another violently with their wings. I approached to

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Leptotila "Morning Dove" Hendrickson 1950 (tan-breasted, gray-backed dove, the size of a turtle dove (larger?), with rounded, white-edged tail) Nov. 3 5 km N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Heila, Colombia, S.A. within about 20 ft. unnoticed by the birds. No use of the beak was made, the fight being purely one of wing- blows - and what sounded and looked like hard over. This continues for about 5 minutes, then one bird apparently gave up and moved off about 30 ft. The other did not follow. Nov. 7 Pereira shot 4, 3 & with enlarged eggs; one with ca. 10 mm., 2 with ca. 4 mm. eggs.

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Columbigallina passerina Oct. 28 5 km N Villavieja, 1400ft, Huila, Colombia, S.A. Numbers have been seen almost every time I have been out collecting. They are commonly seen along the low Eriodictyon-like bushes growing on semi-permanent silt bars in the quebrada, and also frequently seen along the more open portions of scrub growing along small side-tributaries of the quebrada. However, I also have seen them in the more dense patches of brush, both arid & riparian. In the dense brush they usually have drawn my attention by the scuffling noise they make in the leaves, walking along on the ground. Local name (general) is "Tortulita" Oct. 30 Common all over in vicinity of Cebatana Camp and areas where I have collected. However, however, do they seem to me to be as common as the rusty-chocolate dove of about the same size. Paulino has found a nest (which I believe to be of this species) about 50 ft S. of the tents. It is in a small thorny tree (10 ft?), close to the trunk, about 4ft off the ground. It contains 2 eggs. I find a note written in Bogota' to the effect that Sr.

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November 1950 Columbigallina passerina Oct. 30 5 p.m. N. Villavieja, 1400ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. Alvaro Torres Borreto, of the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales in Bogota, has found this species nesting at all seasons in the Cauca and Magdalena Valleys. Nov. 3 Today checked Pauline's nest (see Oct. 30) just S. of camp and was able to see the female at about 3ft. distance. The dark guttate spots were evident, so I am sure the nest is of this species. 4 other nests have been found, but this is the only one I can definitely relate to this species. It is made of loosely interlocked twigs and (mainly) grass stems, mostly straight pieces. There is a slight concavity in which the eggs lie. The female, when she finally flushed, flew to the ground and walked rapidly away into the dense brush.

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Venezuela 1950 Ara Nov. 23 5 km L. Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. 4 seen, and 2 (#1605 & #1606) collected, in top of tall tree at edge of forest clearing. They seemed paired off, sitting close together in couples, soft billing and clucking softly. The two collected were taken with the same shot.

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Hardenbrook 1950 Anatinae Oct. 27 5km N Villavieja, 1400 ft. Huila, Colombia, S.A. These birds, in flocks of 4 to about 20, have been noted almost every day, flying high over camp. They are noted most frequently at morning and evening hours; at this time they are flying E (A.M.) or W. (P.M.). Apparently they spend the day near the river and roost in the mountains (? ?) At hours near mid-day they are also sometimes noted, but their direction of flight does not seem consistent and may include N or S. They call back and forth continuously as they fly; The situation reminds me very much of the Piñon Jay flocks encountered flying high and calling over our recent camp in Joshua Tree National Monument. Today a group, flying very fast, wheeled in low near camp and lit in a large tree W of camp near the R.R. tracks. I shot an individual in order to examine it. It was a medium-sized, green parrot with a red forehead and a touch of red on the throat base.

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Hendrickson 1950 Brotheria 1 Nov. 2 5 km N Villavicija, 1400 ft, Huila, Colombia S.A. A flock of about 10-12 flew low over me and landed in a tree in a park-like flat just N of Quebrada Lajas bridge (W of tracks). They appeared identical with our camp pet, which Paulino says is called “perico de conejón” or “conajero” because it builds its nest holes in the arboreal nests of termites (“conejos”). These birds squawk and screech much like the Aratinga which often pass high over camp, calling.

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Vendrickson 1950 Forpus conspicillatus Oct. 21 5km N Villanueva, 1400ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Frequently seen in small groups and in pairs. One pair taken with single shot as they sat in top of small thorny bush. Crops of birds contained small (1x2 mm.) white seeds. Oct. 24 A female was brought into camp this morning by a local boy, who found it "in a nest hole". It was established as a cage pet. In the afternoon, it laid an all-white egg. Oct. 25 Birds seen by myself, Perico, and Paulino feeding on pitahayas (the fruit of the large cardelabra-like cactus common in the area). The cactus is known locally as "cardoz". The fruits are ripe, splitting and falling off, at this time. A free male was observed coming into camp and "feeding" our captive female today. 6 to 8 times I witnessed the following performance: The male would actively wag and bob the head and neck (regurgitating?), then "feed" the female, who stretched out her neck to receive the "food". The contact was strongly reminiscent of a pigeon feeding its young, with a rapid, slight

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Torgus conspicillatus Oct. 25 5 km. N. Villavicja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. moving back and an forth ("pumping") of the two heads, with bills open and approached (the heads oriented 90° axis rotation to each other). Local name (general) is "perico" or "periquito". Oct. 28 Nest with 3 eggs reported by local boy - in fence post beside R.R. tracks about 1 km. S of camp". He wished to return and capture the incubating bird for sale to me; I declined. Oct. 30 Found what I believe is a nest hole in a "cardoy" cactus stem (dead) on high flat W of camp. A male and a female remained close to the hole, and the female entered it. Nov. 2 A nest containing 2 eggs was found in a fence post near the R.R. tracks about 4 km. N of Villavicja. A number of parakeets were in the vicinity; I did not distinguish the owners of the nest. Nov. 8 Villavicja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. Apparently common in drier environs of town. Heard (?) on island next to town!

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Vanderickson 1950 Gorgus conspicillatus Nov. 23 5 km. S. Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Florks of about 6 seen, and 2 males shot (1 by Dr. Stebbins) for examination in hand. They seemed slightly different in color and in intensity of color from the Magdalena Valley specimens. (Less yellow, more gray on head ?, more intense blue?)

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Herbarium 1950 Crotophaga ani Oct. 28 5km. N Villavieja, 1400ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. [Number] 147A) Took my first specimen today, from top of small tree in thick brush beside quebrada just west of R.R. bridge (which is near camp). Another individual hung around for a few minutes, calling, but I was unable to collect it. Both birds were extremely shy - perhaps from the heavy shooting they suffered yesterday when Dr. Stebbins collected 7, and from further shooting early this morning (when he collected another individual). I had to use full load #12's to bring it down. I believe this species would be clearly distinguishable from C. sulcirostris now that I have seen it. It seems a great deal larger than sulcirostris (to me). The call I heard is a strong, clear, ascending whistle: "who-eeet" from the sulcirostris: ↓ "sreee" Nov. 1 It has occurred to me that all the birds (blackout) taken on (7) on the 27th were males (all from same flock); all (2) were females (RCS #493(?) taken on the 28th - presumably from the same flock. Today we each took one, again

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November 1950 Crotophaga ani Nov. 1 5km N Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. presumably from the same flock - both were females. We are beginning to wonder if the sexes are flocking together at this season. Local name is "hiriquelo" ("irihuelo?") Nov. 2 A flock of about 5 seen about 500 yds. N of Duebrada Tajae bridge. I assume all were C. ani, accompanied by about 4-5 C. sulcirostris. Calls of both species were heard and I tried as best I could to refer the calls to individual birds. My identification by call seemed to be confirmed by size differences. (the size difference which seems so time apparent is mostly a difference in tail sizes length, I believe. Nov. 3 One of three four birds shot from a flock near the mouth of Duebrada Cerbatava was of this species; the other three were C. sulcirostris. Nov. 5 Flock containing at least three C. ani about 1 km. N Villavicija near R.R. tracks. Nov. 8 Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Calls heard several times on island next to town. This species was the only Crotophaga species heard on the island.

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3 Crotophaga ani Kordickson 1950 Nov. 8 Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. One bird (not saved) was shot for confirmation of identification. Nov. 21 Buenavista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S. A. A flock of about 10 seen and heard calling from fence row scrub vegetation on ridge (cleared land) about 1 block S of farmhouse. Nov. 23 5am. 5 Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Meta, Colombia S.A. Shot three all males, from flock of about 12 at edge of cleared area (forest at edge was a zone along river banks). #1) molt: 1 tail feather, few underwing coverts, some body feathers testes = 11 x 8 mm. #2) molt: 3 tail feathers (grown, but sheathed at base), 1 underwing covert, many body feathers testes = 6 x 3 mm. #3) molt: 1 tail feather (quill), 3 underwing coverts, many body feathers testes = 6 x 3.5 mm. Nov. 25 4am. S, 22km W San Martin, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. saw flock of about 10 in low trees at edge of small natural savanna. A number of calls were heard. Nov. 30 Flocks of 6-12 commonly seen and heard on the savannas, especially near the small 'islands' of trees and brush.

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Nordickson 1950 Crestophaga subcireaetris Oct.20 5 km. N. Villavicja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. Squeaking brought a pair in to within about 15 feet while working in thickst on S. bank of quebrada S of camp, near the "road". One was collected; the mate (?) stayed close by, although it remained fairly well hidden. It called repeatedly while I was in the vicinity - faintly reminiscent of the call of a redwing blackbird (to me). Oct.22 An individual carrying something in its bill (insect?) was shot near the R.R. tracks. I could not locate any nest in the vicinity. Oct.23 A pair was shot with a single .38 shot shell in dense brush near the quebrada bottom. They seemed clearly to be a mated pair, keeping very close together. They were part of a loose flock of 8 to 10 which came in close in response to several squeaks. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis (see species account) and another, larger, all-black swallow (or swift?) were seen frequently working at about 100-500 ft. altitude over the region of the quebrada. 4 large, dark, wild turkey like birds were flushed from dense tree growth

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Nordickson 1950 Crotaphaga sulcirostris Oct. 30 5 km. N. Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Shot 2 (for closer inspection) out of a loose flock of about 8-10 on high plate W of camp. Nov. 2 Saw a mixed flock of C. ani and C. sulcirostris about 500 yds N. of Iquebrada Tajas bridge. The flock apparently included 5 C. ani and 4 or 5 C. sulcirostris. Identification was based only on differences in call and in size. 4 flocks of Crotaphaga were seen at other points between Iquebrada Tajas bridge and camp. There were apparently flocks of C. sulcirostris only.

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Nordriksen 1950 Crotophaga major (?) Nov. 18 Trinidad, 1600 ft., Boyaca, Colombia, S. A. 3 individuals seen and heard (one at about 40 ft.) in dense, tall brush at border of grounds of the airstripe (army). They were prolonged giving the low, gurgling- rasping call heard along the River Magdalena River at Villavicca, Huila, Colombia.

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Humbucker 1950 Colinus cristatus Oct. 24 5km. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Took 2 in arid thorn scrub or high plate WNW of camp about 1 mile. These were from the first flock I have found which was not in some quebrada thickets. Upon removing the gorsal from one, I pierced the gut accidentally and found a tapeworm. A portion of the strobila was placed in a Brown's vial with the gorsal of the bird. Oct. 25 No calla heard Oct. 26 Heard calling several times on high plate S of camp. Oct. 27 No quail heard calling Oct. 28 Juil seen several times in very dense brush at sides of quebrada, W of camp. No calling heard. Local name is "perdiz" Oct. 30 One (of a pair?) taken on high plate W of camp. These were the only two seen all day. 3 or 4 calling individuals were heard during the day, 2 of them on lower ground near the R.R. tracks (N of camp) Oct. 31 Took a female (of a pair?) about 25 yds. N of camp. This pair had their territory (?) in the brush N of camp and had been seen frequently. They

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Hendriksen 1950 Colinus cristatus Oct. 31 5 km. N. Villavija, 1400 ft., Huila Colombia, S.A. had been exceedingly wary and could not be collected before. This bird was shot as she flew into thick brush at close range; the skin is not good. Walking along road N of camp I saw small groups of quail twice; in each case they were grouped under a tree or bush; it was raining. With each lull in the rain 2 or 3 quail could be heard calling, about 1 mi. N of camp, and on the high flats NW of camp. Nov. 1 1-5 km. N Villavija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Quail were heard calling several times during walks to and from Villavija. Several were seen about '1/4 mi. S. of camp along the R.R. tracks, and one was seen about '1/8 mi. S of the Juebrada Lajas R.R. bridge. Nov. 2 Took one (#1491) of beside R.R. tracks near the Juebrada Lajas Bridge. It was one of a pair seen. It had hidden in the glass and exposed itself after I hid and gave several "Bob-White" calls. Nov. 3 Took one (#1495) of a pair seen beside R.R. tracks just S. of bridge near camp.

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Vendrickson 1950 Colinus cristatus Nov. 4 5 km. N Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. A calling male (#1497) was taken near R.R. tracks about 1'1/2 km. N of camp. It responded vigorously to either a two-part or a three- part Bob-White call, and allowed close approach. Nov. 5 Saw two singles during walks to and from Villavicija via R.R. tracks. Calls heard in 6-8 places enroute to town (not counted on return trip at mid-day) Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Nov. 8 Seen and heard (

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Framides "large reddish rail" Newbreekom 1950 Oct. 28 5hm N Villavieja, 1400ft, Huila Colombia, S.A. One flushed and ran ahead of me up a small side quebrada just W of the RR bridge near camp. The area was heavily vegetated with bamboo and thorn thickets among dense riparian growth, and the quebrada bottom ran through a "tunnel" in the vegetation. The bird ran rapidly ahead of me for about 15 ft. and disappeared around a bend in the stream; I could not locate it again. It looked laterally compressed and coot-like; it seemed to be a more or less uniform, bright rust color all over. The bill and cere were bright canary yellow. In size it appeared about the size of a full grown leghorn chicken (minus the large tail). Nov. 3 Perico shot a bird this A.M. which may be the same species as recorded above. If so, I magnified its size - it is a large, coot-sized rail. It has considerable gray on its back and rump.

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screachowl (?) Oct. 26 5pm. N Villavieja, 1400ft; Huila, Colombia, S.A. An owl, which Paulino calls a "currucuci" has been calling every night from a point a short distance W of camp (E of R.R.). Dr. Stebbins has tried unsuccessfully to collect it. The name "currucuci" is a fairly good imitation of its call. Oct. 27 Same (?) owl calling again Oct. 28 " " " " It must be very shy; it either stops calling or leaves when Dr. Stebbins approaches. Oct. 29 Perico shot a large goatsucker which (Paulino) Perico) they say is the "currucuci". We are not convinced.

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"Poor-will" (Ayetidromus?) Nov. 3 5km N Villavicija, 1400 ft, Huila, Colombia, S.A. Took one alive by hand about 2 km. S of camp beside R.R. Tracks. Blinded by light; it fluttered straight up into the air about 20 ft., and descended to same spot. I knocked it down and captured it as it rose a second time. Several times it suddenly opened the mouth widely when finger poked near it, but made no attempt to bite. Could this be intended to frighten aggressor?

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Hendrickson 1950 Lepidopyga Oct. 24 5km. N. Villarrica, 400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Upon returning to camp from a collecting foray, found a nest and a dead ? which Perico and Paulino had brought in (bird #1446, nest #1447). They had shot the bird with a slingshot as it sat on the nest. 2 eggs which the nest contained (their observation) had been broken by the stone which killed the female (?). I was unable to sex the bird with certainty.

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Verbruggen 1950 Synallaxis albescens Oct. 31 5km. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. A male came into the bushes near camp today, calling, and was collected (#1483). The skull was only partially double-layered. The is an insistent, repeated, double note: '' - - - - - - - - ... Nov. 1 I now feel I shall recognize the call of this bird when I hear it again. I heard none (so far as I know) on a walk along the R.R. tracks to and from Villavieja. Nov. 2 Heard, traced, shot & lost a singing male in thorny scrub country about 1/4 mile S. of R.R. bridge near camp. In park-like, somewhat swampy flat on W side R.R. just N of Quebrada Lajas bridge, repeated on another singing male and found this one (#1492). In both cases today I spent 15-30 minute looking for a female in the vicinity, but found none. #1492 was about 15 ft. off the ground, moving about in the crown of a thorny leguminous tree with tiny leaflets. It responded fairly well to a squeak. Its skull seemed even less completely,

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Hendrickson 1950 Syrallia albescens Nov. 2 5 km. N Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. osified than most: single-layered Nov. 3 Traced and collected a calling male (R.C. Stebbins #4994) from a thorny, small-leaved shrub on high flat S. of camp. Nov. 4 Heard two individuals calling in thorn scrub about 1 & 1/2 Pm. N of camp, along road. Nov. 5 None heard during walk to (early A.M.) 0 from (mid-day) Villavicija via R.R. tracker Nov. 8 Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. saw a pair, & heard the male singing in tree beside street leading to cemetery. Had no gun and was unable to collect what would have been our first and only female. Nov. 18 Apuy, 17 mi. S.E. Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Heard the call a number of times at the edge of the army base, at about 11:00 A.M. Nov. 19 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Heard the call several times coming from dense, tall brush adjacent to the grounds of Instituto Roberto Franco. Nov. 2) Buenavista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Heard a male calling from scrub growth of cleared land.

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Nordbrackson 1950 Lyrallaxis albescens Nov. 21 Buena vista, 4000 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. One heard calling repeatedly from willow-like scrub on cleared land on ridge S. of farmhouse. Nov. 23 # 5 km S Villavicencio, 1600 ft.; Meta, Colombia, S.A. Two heard calling from willow-like scrub growth around swampy areas in large patch of cleared ground. Followed one calling individual for about 1/2 block, but could not see any sign of female. Finally shot the calling male; its testes measured (2.5 x 4 mm. Little molting was noted. Nov. 30 El Mucio, 4 km S, 22 km W San Martin; 1600 ft.; Meta, Colombia, S.A. Heard an individual calling from a small (20 diam.) patch of brush and palms in the savannah about 200 yds E of the ranch. Shot a specimen (#1418), which proved to be a ?. The ovary was preserved in Bouin; the bird was kept as an alcoholic specimen.

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Vermillion Flycatcher (?) Villarica, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. Oct. 18- One pair seen working around a nest about 4 ft. up in a thorny legume bush. A light rain was falling at the time. I could not be sure whether the nest was an old one serving as a source of materials or a new one under construction (I am inclined toward the former view). The bird is known locally as "Santa Maria" Oct. 19 Male Vermillion Flycatchers rather commonly seen on prominent perches. Nov. 2 Pairs, and particularly males, seen frequently. They seem well-distributed over the countryside; I do not recall having seen two males in close proximity.

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Nordrickson 1950 Tyrannus melancholicus Oct. 19 5 km. N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Shot female (J.R.Nordrison 1425) which contained 3 Gm. oviducal egg. The egg effervesced upon contacting Borin's fluid. Ovary, oviducal egg, & piece of brood patch skin placed in same vial. (weight on specimen label includes above 3 Gm. egg). Located what is probably the nest, along quebrada S of camp. It is well up in a willow-like tree. Oct. 20 A pair fit in the top of the large tree in camp at about 4:00 P.M. Shot one, which flew a short distance and fell into the dense brush near camp. A visiting boy and I were unable to locate it. Upon returning to camp, I shot the remaining member of the pair, still sitting in the same tree. Oct. 28 A pair nesting in lg., open, tree beside Quebrada Carbatana about 1/2 mile below camp. This and two other pairs noted were occupying same tree, and apparently same territory, as a pair of smaller kingbirds (?) - (dark eye stripe with broad white band above it). Nov. 4 A pair nesting in large, spreading leguminous tree about 2 km. NE of camp.

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Hendrickson 1950 Flavicola pica Nov. 2 5km. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. shot a specimen (#1493) in rather marshy ground in a park-like flat just N of Quebrada Lajas Bridge (W of tracks). This is a region of spaced, fairly tall, spreading trees and three-high to waist - high grass and bushes. The bird was perched on a blade of coarse grass, about 6" off the ground, almost hidden by the surrounding marshy growth. It allowed close approach. Two visitors to camp said it was known locally as "chivo" because of its bleating cry, like a goat. Nov. 8 Perico Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Perico says he saw two on the island next to town

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Hendrickson 1950 Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Oct. 23 5km. N. Villanueja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Frequently seen working above quebrada S. of camp (in area about "1/2 mile W of camp especially). Nest holes in quebrada banks noted repeatedly between camp and Magdalena River, but in no case were swallows seen perched at the nest holes. Opened two holes; about 8" and about 15" back of opening found scattered nest materials. Both tunnels were clear of spider webs and might have been used for roosting; neither contained eggs or birds. One specimen taken in flight, three taken from perches in trees near the water. Perches most commonly observed today were of two kinds: top leafy spray of taller trees; hanging dead limbs beneath main leafy mass of tree. Oct. 25 Many (50-100 in 1 block of stream bed) working over quebrada at about 5 km S of camp 7:00 this morning. This was directly S of camp. Perico says he thinks they nest in the quebrada banks East of camp. Oct. 28 Shot a J (H#1473) which was perched on a dead twig in top of tree beside quebrada W of camp. Only one or two seen flying, 9:00-12:00 in morning. Local name is (general) "zondrina"

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Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Oct. Nov.2 5km. N Villavicencio, 1400ft., Kaula, Colombia, S.A. None seen all day. It has occurred To us that the flight of those seen in past days has seemed directional in several cases. To the best of my memory the directional flight I have observed has been S (up the valley). Dr. Stebbins has seen northward movement as well. Nov.3 Walked to road crossing at Quebrada 5 of camp at about 7:00 A.M. At this hour and place many swallows had been noted previously, flying over the quebrada. None seen today. Later, followed this quebrada (Quebrada Corbetana) to Magdalena River (all 7 birds thus far collected were collected along this quebrada). Hunted for swallows all the way, and for a short distance down the river. Saw none, either perched or "favorite" (past) roosts or flying. They seem to have all left the area. None have been seen for several days. Nov.5 Saw none, despite almost continuous search, during walk to and from Villavicencio R.R. tracks.

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Kerbrookson 1950 Hylophilus flavipes Oct. 18 Villavicca, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. shot on in dense shrubbery beside R.R. spur at N. side of town. It was not calling or singing. Was in small brook about 4 ft. off ground when taken. Oct. 28 Saw, but could not collect, a bird I believe was of this species. It was on a bamboo "frond" in dense woods about 1/3 mile W. of camp. Nov. 8 Heard one singing in tree beside street leading to cemetery.

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Hendrickson 1950 Psarocolius Nov. 3 5 km. N Villavicija, 400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Collected a specimen (#1494) about '1/4 mi. below (WSW) camp in Jubraba Carbetava. The area was one of large trees, arching over the water. The bird flew and uttered several "squawks" before I shot it. Bill ivory-colored; iris powder blue. Paulino calls it a "mochilero"; Perico calls it an "toperculus". Nov. 4 An individual flew into the large tree in the center of camp, "squawked" several times, and flew on about 100 yds. to another large tree. Nov. 21 3/4 mi. E. Buenavista, 3100 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. In a 60'-70' tree growing beside the stream here, saw a cluster of nests (7; 5 "obvious" in good condition) and watched birds entering and leaving the nests. No calls or other noises were heard. The nests appeared to be constructed of woven coarse grass, medium brown in color. To me they appeared to hang down about three feet: <small tree limb>

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Hendrickson 1950 Psarocolius 2 Nov. 23 5 km. S. Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Loud, musical, bubbling call heard several times at about 8:30 A.M. Birds seen at intervals throughout day, usually flying. Twice I saw flocks of about 10 birds crossing from one patch of forest to another. It seemed to me that these birds spent most of their time at the edge of the forest in tall trees, or in tall, scattered trees in the open spaces. I saw none in the dense forest - quite possibly this was merely a result of the very limited visibility there. Nov. 30 El Miso, 41 km. S., 22 km. W. San Martin, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Birds have been seen very frequently in almost all forested areas near here. I have seen no nests.

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November 1950 Coryphopasia pileata Oct. 26 5km N Villavicija, 1400 ft, Huila, Colombia, S.A. On the high flats of camp saw many - in loose flocks? Numbers were seen feeding on the pitahaya fruits of the "cardon" cactus, along with numbers of small "goldfinches" (?). Shot 5 - all males, and taken at random as they approached the spot where I was sitting. Oct. 28 Several seen in arid thorn scrub on S side Quebrada Carletana about 1/2 mile below camp, seemed to be in loose flocks; did not obviously attempt to remain in any restricted area. Oct. 30 Numbers seen in arid scrub on high flats W of camps. The crimson crown patch of the male is easily often seen now that I look for it.

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Hardwickson 1950 Sporophila minuta Oct. 28 5 km. N. Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Commonly seen along railroad tracks and more arid scrub. Also frequently seen near the water in the quebrada. Oct. 30 Singing males noted on high plate W of camp and near R.R. tracks in vicinity of camp. I would class this species as abundant Nov. 1 Many seen during walks to and from Villavicija along the R.R. tracks. Males were singing a great deal. I was impressed by the sight of these little birds landing on a vertical stem of tall grass (2'-3½'), coming in fast and apparently calculating the way the grass would bend. They did not shift their grip on the glass as they "rode" it down through a long arc, and were properly oriented when equilibrium had been reached between the grass stem & gravity. Nov. 8 Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. saw many in region of tall (3'-5') grass and trees on island next to town.

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Hardinickson 1950 Volateria Nov. 2 5km. N Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. These birds are very commonly seen along the R. R. tracks between camp and Villavieja. They are apparently spaced out in pairs for the most part. A common perch (like depophila minuta) is a stem or blade of the tall, coarse grass growing on and near the R. R. embankment. They seem to have a curious habit of suddenly rising about a foot off their perch and immediately settling again on the same spot. Nov. 8 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S. A. Numerous in tall (3'-5') grass on island next to town.

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Nondrickson 1950 "yellow finch" Nov. 28 El Mello, 4 km S 22 km W San Martin, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. #1614 shot in ranch yard; this species has been seen frequently around the ranch, in short grass and in bushes at edge of grassy areas. Iris: Beak: Crown: Breast: Back: legs & d.surface feet: surface feet: 4th rt. primary Tinge of crown color on yellow of throat, grading to pure yellow of breast; crown grades toward breast color down back's side of head. Dorsally, crown grades to back color also. Breast color continues to underside rump & grades on d. rump with back color. Upperwing coverts = lighter shade of back color; underwing coverts = lighter shade of breast color. Tail above is about color of main part of primary shown (brown) with yellow edge on feathers; tail below is light gray-green- brown.

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Herdriesham 1950 Caluromys Oct. 25 5km N. Villavieja, 1400ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Felipe Gutierrez our neighboring farmer, brought a living animal to camp at about noon. We purchased it for 50 centavos. (#1455). He had found it "in a banana raceme in a banana patch located about on the E. bank of the Magdalena R." about 4 blocks N of the mouth of Quebrada Lajas. Villavieja Magdalena R. Quebrada Lajas locality of collection of #1455 Quebrada S. of camp Carbatana R.R. tracks The eyes were very prominent, with a warm light-brown iris covering all the exposed portion. The pupil contracted to a minute pin-point in sunlight, to about 2mm. diameter in the shade. It proved exceedingly hard to kill by crushing the thorax, but died almost instantaneously upon receiving a cardiac injection of formalin. The scrotal sac was a blue-black, due to the color of the outer testis coat showing through the

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Nordvikson 1950 Caluromys Oct. 25 5 km N. Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. thin skin of the sac. The skeleton minus feet was preserved in addition to the skull. The tail was markedly prehensile at the tip; probably most of its length was usable as a prehensile organ. Even in death the tail tip showed a "holding ability". Local name is "conadreja" Nov. 8 Villavieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Roselle Calderón brought a mother with three well-furred young, caught about 1 km. S. of town just W of R.R. tracks at about noon today. (Fad. #1514-skeleton only; young #1515-1517-over skin, or skeleton, or alcohol). The man who caught it is named Pedro Gil. It was taken on a banana raceme in a banana patch where he was working. Nov. 19 Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. saw a number of captive animals at Instituto Roberto Franco. They were taken in this region.

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Herdrickson 1950 Marmosa Oct. 28 5 km. N Villavicja, 1400 ft, Neila, Colombia, S.A. Perico brought in an uninjured specimen, captured under the rail of the R.R. tracks just W of camp. He and Pouleo were out jacklighting at the time. The local name is "Liron" or "liromito". It is to be kept alive for return to the U.S. if possible. The tail is kept in a tight "watch-spring" coil most of the time I have observed it. Murine opossum

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Nevdricson 1950 farm. Pteropidae fruit-eating bat Oct. 23, 5 km N Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia S.A. The trap, baited with banana, set in the fruit basket hanging in camp, yielded a specimen (#1436). Its head and shoulders were under the trap bar, as if it had intentionally come to the bait. The bait was gone and another banana had been partially eaten; apparently more than one bat is visiting the basket.

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fruit-eating bat Oct. 24 5km N Villavicieja, 1400ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Another bat was found in a trap placed in the fruit basket last night. This one was still living, caught by a wing and the tail membrane. It was a female with enlarged mammary glands.

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Vendrickson 1950 Phyllostomus Nov. 8 Villavicencio, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Collected three (#s 1518-1520) in chapel of town cemetery. One flew in the door while we were searching for a Tloradaetylus. Two were hanging from the ridge pole of the roof. We started them flying with a long pole and knocked them down with wands. spear-nosed bat

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Hendrickson 1950 Phyllostomus Oct. 23, 5 km. N. Villavicieja, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Took one (#/439) from arboreal termite nest on overhanging limb in quebrada running S. of camp, about midway between camp and the Magdalena River. The trees in this area form a nearly complete arch over the stream bed. The termite nest is a large (18" diam x 30" long), mass sitting on a 3" limb overhanging the stream bed. It is about 20 ft. off the ground. I could see the 3"-4" diam. opening to a cavity on its underside, and a .22 shot shell fired into it brought out the bat (dead).

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Laimiri Nov. 23 5 km S. Villavicencio, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Calla, identified by Carlos, were heard several times during the day. Especially, the calls were heard during a spell of heavy overcast and sprinkle of rain drops, when a shower seemed imminent. In the afternoon, at about 2:00 P.M., Carlos shot a ♀ (#1607). Dec. 1 El Miso, 4 km S, 22 km W San Martin, 1600 ft., Meta, Colombia, S.A. Saw 6 or 7 at a distance of '30' - 30 yds.', working leisurely thru the tree near the spring. They were about 10'-20' above the ground most of the time. I was bathing in a pool below- the spring as they approached through the tree. Several seemed to see me, and to peer curiously at me from various points of vantage, but did not seem afraid. When I arose from the water (I had been sitting half-submerged), they immediately began to leave. They left quietly and rather deliberately - there was no wild flight through the forest. "Squirrel" monkey

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Vendrichon 1950 Tamendua Oct. 26 5 pm. N. Villavegja, 1400 ft., Huila Colombia, S.A. Local name is "oso ormigero". Tonight at about 7:30 P.M. heard call which Paulino said was made by this animal. The call consisted of 1, 2, or 3 notes; if more than one, on descending scale: "who"..."who"..."who" Oct. 29 Out goiblighting with Paulino and Pero; walked road to Duebroda Lajas, followed Duebroda Lajas to R.R., and returned to camp via R.R. tracks. In this circuit, heard what Paulino calls the "oso ormigero" many times in at least 12 widely-separated places. As far as I could tell, the calls seemed to come from higher, drier areas, but this does not conform to Paulino's description of their habitat. Having now heard the call many times, I have decided it sounds like nothing else so much as it sounds like a bored person: "Ho- Ho- Hum"

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Hendrickson 1950 Sylvilagus floridanus Oct. 24 5 pm N Villavieja, 1460 ft., Huila, Colombia S. A. Shot a sitting individual on the high flats about 1 mi WNW of camp. Its gut was "crowded with roundworms and tapeworms" (Penico, who cleaned it). Cooked, it proved too tough to fry, and finally ended on the table as stew. Oct. 26 Jacklighted small individual (half- grown?) just W of R.R. tracks, W of camp. Lost it trying to approach close enough to take it with a .38 shell. Oct. 29 Following road to Duebradas Lajas, thence via the Duebrada to the R.R. and via tracks back to camp, I saw about 10 Cottontails. Oct. 30 Saw 3 in daytime on high flats W of camp. Nov. 3 On night walk, jacklighting, to region of Duebrada Lajas (via R.R. tracks) saw three. Two were seen at same time. cottontail

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Nordrichen 1950 Oryzomya Oct. 21 5km N. Villavicija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia S.A. 25 traps around an No/ camp yielded one & (taken about 20 yds. No/ camp just over edge of bank sloping to point where water for camp is obtained). Little brush at this point. This animal was an adult, with enlarged mammary glands and [illegible] swollen areas in the uterus. I recorded these as & embryos. The entire genital tract was preserved in Bouin's fluid. Oct. 22 During the day two small, apparently young of this species, were taken in traps in the immediate vicinity of the capture of the adult animal last night. Both were rather badly chewed by ants, and were fly-blown when found; both were preserved as alcoholics. Could there be nursing young of the adult & taken last night, driven out in the daytime by hunger or other stimuli? The adult had obviously enlarged mammary glands. If these were young of that &, her pregnant condition indicates a considerable reproductive capacity.

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Vandrickson 1950 Pussycat Thous Oct. 27 5km. N Villavieja, 1400ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. At about 9:00 P.M. an animal gave a call near camp (50-100ft.?). I refer the call to this animal because I collected a specimen about 30 min. later and became the call immediately brought to mind Bill Clarkie's (M.V.I.Z.) description and imitation of the animal's call in Honduras (?). The noise sounds roughly like the cry of a new-born infant. My best attempt to syllabify and diagram it from memory is: '' - - - - - '' rub-ah-ah-ah-ah-ah I was unable to pick up the animal's eye-shine at that time, and walked down to the quebrada to hunt further. Returning to camp about 30 min. later, I shot an adult male (+145"?). I had heard the above call several times from two different directions in the meantime. Local name is "zoró" ("soró"?). Oct.28 shot a young male in the quebrada directly S of camp. Paulino and Berico, out jacklighting, were coming up the quebrada, and apparently the animal

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Hendriksen 1950 Dureyon the thous Oct. 28 5 km. N Villavicio, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. was running ahead of them. It crouched in some brush in the quebrada bottom and allowed me to approach within range (shotgun).

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Vendrellson 1950 Procyon Oct. 26 5 km. N Villavija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Shot an individual (#1470) beside water in quebrada just S. of camp. It was walking E along stream and approached to within range as I watched it. Wounded by the first shot, it uttered a loud grunt and ran into the dense brush on the S bank of the quebrada. I located it by the noise of its thrashing and shot again, imobilizing it sufficient to lay hands on it and kill it. Local name is "cosumbo patebaros". Nov. 8 Villavija, 1400 ft., Huila, Colombia, S.A. Few tracks which I assume to be of this species at several places on island next to town. I make the assumption largely because of their close resemblance to tracks left by #1470 (see above, Oct. 26)

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HENDRICKSON, JOHN R. Miscellaneous, California, Mexico, Colombia. 1947-1951 Catalogue Nos. 1630-2018 Journal Species Accounts Amphibians Reptiles

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Nerfrickson 1950 Catalogue 6.3 mi. E. Oakdale, Stanislaus Co., Calif. (coll. R. C. Stebbins) Feb. 22, 1949 1630 Batrachoseps alternatus 1631 ", 1632 ", 1633 ", 1634 ", 1635 ", 1636 ", 1637 ", 1638 ", 1639 ", 1640 ", 1641 ", 1642 ", 1643 Batrachoseps alternatus 2 mi. SW Paradise, 1500 ft., Butte Co., Calif. Feb. 24, 1949 (coll. Sondraeus) #6 1644 Batrachoseps alternatus 1645 ", 1646 ", 1647 Batrachoseps alternatus Napa, Napa Co., Calif. (coll. C. H. Lowe) Oct. 26, 1947 1648 Batrachoseps alternatus 1649 Batrachoseps alternatus

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Vandrickson 1950 Catalogue St. Helena, Napa Co., Calif. Oct. 27, 1947 (coll. C.W. Lowe) 1650 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1651 " " 1652 Batrachoseps attenuatus Big Basin Rd., 11.3 mi. SW Bon Lomond Cr., Feb. 13, 1949 Santa Cruz Co., Calif. 1653 Batrachoseps attenuatus (coll. R.C. Stebbins) 1654 " " 1655 " " 1656 Batrachoseps attenuatus Bonny Doon, Santa Cruz Co., Calif. (coll. R.C. Stebbins) Feb. 13, 1949 1657 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1658 " " 1659 " " 1660 " " 1661 " " 1662 " " 1663 " " 1664 " " 1665 " " 1666 " " 1667 " " 1668 " " 1669 Batrachoseps attenuatus

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Hendrickson 1950 Catalogue San Diego City, San Diego Co., Calif. (coll. C. Perkins) January, 1949 1670 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1671 " " 1672 " " 1673 " " 1674 " " 1675 Batrachoseps attenuatus 0.2 mi. N Hwy #80 junct. with Mt. Helix Rd., San Diego Co., Calif. Feb. 4, 1949 (coll. K. Norris) 1676 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1677 " " 1678 " " 1679 Batrachoseps attenuatus Estrella R., Shannon, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. Apr. 30, 1949 1680 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1681 " " 1682 " " 1683 " " 1684 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1 mi. N San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. Mar. 19, 1949 1685 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1686 " " 1687 " " 1688 Batrachoseps attenuatus

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Hendrickson 1950 Catalogue 2.4 mi. S.W. Santa Margarita, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. Mar. 19, 1949 1689 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1690 " 1691 " 1692 Batrachoseps attenuatus Spring Grove Ave., 1/4 mi. S. San Rafael, Marin Co., Calif. Jan. 30, 1949 (coll. R.C. Stebbins) 1693 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1694 " 1695 " 1696 " 1697 " 1698 " 1699 Batrachoseps attenuatus 2 mi. E. Las Lomas, Sonoma Co., Calif. (coll. C. Kotford) Mar. 31, 1949 1700 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1701 " 1702 Batrachoseps attenuatus Old Fort Tejon, Kern Co., Calif. (coll. R.C. Stebbins) Mar. 22, 1949 1703 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1704 " 1705 Batrachoseps attenuatus Mar. 27, 1949 (coll. R.C. Stebbins) 1706 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1707 Batrachoseps attenuatus

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Nordenbohm 1950 Catalogue Old Fort Tejon, Kern Co., Calif. (coll. R.C. Stebbins) Mar. 27, 1949 1708 Batrachoseps alternatus 1709 Batrachoseps alternatus W Boundary Pinnacle Mtn., at junct. of Rd. from Sanetoga, San Benito Co., Calif. (coll. C.H. Lowe) Nov. 13, 1948 1710 Batrachoseps alternatus 1711 " " 1712 " " 1713 " " 1714 " " 1715 Batrachoseps alternatus W Boundary Pinnacle Mtn., San Benito Co., Calif. (C.H. Lowe) Nov. 13, 1948 1716 Batrachoseps alternatus 1717 " " 1718 " " 1719 " " 1720 " " 1721 Batrachoseps alternatus Pinnacle Mtn., along trail to cave, San Benito Co., Calif. (coll. C.H. Lowe) Mar. 20, 1949 1722 Batrachoseps alternatus 1723 Batrachoseps alternatus 11.8 mi. E. Rwy. 10 on Rd. to San Benito, San Benito Mtn., San Benito Co., Calif. (coll. C.H. Lowe) 1724 Batrachoseps alternatus 1725 Batrachoseps alternatus 1726 Batrachoseps alternatus 1727 Batrachoseps alternatus

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Nordbysaon 1950 Catalogue 7.4 mi. E "Gonzales" Rd. junct., San Benito Co, Calif. (coll. C.H. Lowe) Mar. 19, 1949 1728 Batrachoseps attenuatus Divis Canyon, Santa Monica Mts., Los Angeles Co., Calif. (coll. C.H. Lowe) Jan. 20, 1949 1729 Batrachoseps attenuatus Burham Rd.(Dark Canyon) Los Angeles R.R., Los Angeles Co., Calif. Feb. 25, 1949 (coll. C.H. Lowe) 1730 Batrachoseps attenuatus 1731 " " 1732 " " 1733 " " 1734 " " 1735 " " 1736 Batrachoseps attenuatus 285 N. Lake, Altadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Mar. 10, 1949 1737 Batrachoseps major (?) 1738 Batrachoseps major (?) New York Foothill Ave., Altadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Feb. 18, 1949 1739 Batrachoseps major 1740 " " 1741 " " 1742 " " 1743 " " 1744 " " 1745 Batrachoseps major

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Hendrickson 1951 Catalogue New York & Foothill Ave., Altadena, , Los Angeles Co., Calif. Feb. 18, 1949 1746 Batrachoseps major 1747 " 1748 " 1749 " 1750 " 1751" 1752 " 1753 Batrachoseps major 10 mi. W. Stony Ford, Colusa Co., 2200-2400 ft., Calif. Dec. 31, 1950 1754 Batrachoseps alternatus Pelican Bay, Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. Jan. 29, 1949 (coll. D. P. Abbott) 1755 Batrachoseps 1756 " 1757 " 1758 " 1759 Batrachoseps Catalina Island, Los Angeles Co., Calif. (coll. C. H. Lowe) Feb. 15, 1949 1760 Batrachoseps 1761 " 1762 " 1763 " 1764 " 1765 Batrachoseps 3 pacificus " " 2 altern. check & enter species.

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Verbruggen 1951 Catalogue Catalina Island, Los Angeles Co., Calif. (coll. C.H.Lowe) Feb. 15, 1949 1766 Batrachosaurus 1767 " 1768 " 1769 " 1770 " 1771 " 1772 " 1773 Batrachosaurus Catalina Island, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Feb. , 1949 1774 Batrachosaurus 1775 " 1776 " 1777 " 1778 " 1779 " 1780 " 1781 " 1782 " 1783 " 1784 " 1785 " 1786 " 1787 " 1788 " 1789 Batrachosaurus

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Catalogue Catalina Island, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Feb. 1949 1790 Batrachospsa 1791 " 1792 " 1793 " 1794 Batrachopsa S. Coronado Island, Baja Calif., Mexico Feb. 24, 1949 1795 Batrachopsa 1796 " 1797 " 1798 " 1799 " 1800 " 1801 " 1802 " 1803 " 1804 " 1805 " 1806 " 1807 " 1808 " 1809 " 1810 " 1811 " 1812 " 1813 Batrachopsa

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Nordicson 1951 Catalogue I. Coronados Island, Baja Calif., Mexico Feb 24/1949 1814 Batrachosge 1815 " 1816 " 1817 " 1818 " 1819 " 1820 " 1821 " 1822 " 1823 " 1824 " 1825 " 1826 Batrachosge Prisoner's Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. March 6/1950 (coll. D. Abell) 1827 Batrachosge alternatus 1828 " " 1829 " " 1830 Batrachosge alternatus

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Hendrickson 1951 Catalogue La Canada, 6 mi. NW Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. (Richard Grove) (recd.-Wade Fox) Feb. 4, 1951 1832 Batrachosyce attenuatus 1833 Batrachosyce attenuatus 1, 2 mi. N (on Hwy 99) Old Fort Tejon Kern Co., 2900 ft to 3000 ft, Calif. March 6, 1951 1834 Batrachosyce attenuatus attenuatus 1835 " " 1836 " " 1837 " " 1838 " " 1420 E. Mountain St., Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. March 7, 1951 1839 Batrachosyce attenuatus pacificus 4.5 mi. SSE (on US Hwy 70) Redlands, San Bernardino Co., Calif. 1840 Batrachosyce attenuatus (attenuatus x pacificus) 1841 " " 1842 " " 1843 " " 1844 " " 1845 " " 1846 " " 1847 " " 1848 " " 1849 " " 1850 " " 1851 " " 1852 " " 1853 Batrachosyce attenuatus (attenuatus x pacificus)

Kerdrickson 1951 Catalogue 6.5 mi. SSE (on U.S. Hwy 70) Redlands, San Bernardino Co., Calif. 1854 Batrachoseps attenuatus (attenuatus x pacifica) 1855 " " " " 1856 " " " " 1857 " " " " 1858 " " " " 1859 " " " " 1860 " " " " 1861 " " " " 1862 " " " " 1863 " " " " 1864 " " " " 1865 " " " " 1866 " " " " 1867 " " " " 1868 " " " " 1869 " " " " 1870 " " " " 1871 " " " " 1872 " " " " 1873 " " " " 1874 " " " " 1875 Batrachoseps attenuatus (attenuatus x pacifica) 2.2 mi. (by rd.) up Trabuco Canyon from Santiago Canyon Rd., Orange Co., Calif. March 8, 1951 1876 Batrachoseps attenuatus (attenuatus x pacifica) 1877 " " " " 1878 Batrachoseps attenuatus (attenuatus x pacifica)

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Hendrickson 1951 Catalogue 2.2 mi.(by rd.) of Trabuco Canyon from Santiago Canyon Rd, Orange Co., Calif. 1879 Batrachoseps attenuatus (attenuatus x pacificus) 1880 Batrachoseps attenuatus (attenuatus x pacificus) 0.5 mi. S.W. (on H'wy #74) San Juan Quean Station, San Juan Hot Springs, Orange Co., Calif. 1881 Batrachoseps attenuatus(attenuatus x pacificus) 1882 Batrachoseps attenuatus(attenuatus x pacificus) 1/2 mi. NW Jamul, San Diego Co., Calif. March 9, 1951 1883 Batrachoseps attenuatus (attenuatus x pacificus) 1884 1885 Batrachoseps attenuatus(attenuatus x pacificus) 0.6 mi. S(on Hwy #395) junction Escondido Blvd & U.S. Hwy #395, San Diego Co., Ca. 1886e Batrachoseps attenuatus (attenuatus x pacificus) 3.3mi. S.(on U.S.Hwy#395) Rainbow turnoff, San Diego Co., Calif. 1887 Batrachoseps attenuatus (attenuatus x pacificus) 1888 1889 1890 1891 Batrachoseps attenuatus (attenuatus x pacificus) About 1 mi. E.(by rd.) Woody, Kern Co., Calif. March 10, 1951 1892 Batrachoseps attenuatus attenuatus 1893 1894 1895 Batrachoseps attenuatus attenuatus

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Henrickson 1954 Catalogue 4.2 mi. ESE White River, Tulare Co., 2300 ft., Calif. March 10, 1951 1896 Batrachoseps attenuatus attenuatus 1897 " " 1898 " " 1899 " " 1900 " " 1901 " " 1902 " " 1903 " " 1904 " " 1905 " " 1906 " " 1907 " " 1908 " " 1909 " " 1910 " " 1911 " " 1912 " " 1913 " " 1914 " " 1915 " " 1916 " " 1917 " " 1918 " " 1919 " " 1920 " " 1921 Batrachoseps attenuatus attenuatus

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Catalogue 2.8 mi ESE White River, Tulare Co., 1700 ft., Calif. March 10, 1951 1922 Batrachosps alternative alternative 1923 " " " 1924 " " " 1925 " " " 1926 " " " 1927 " " " 1928 " " " 1929 " " " 1930 " " " 1931 " " " 1932 " " " 1933 " " " 1934 " " " 1935 " " " 1936 " " " 1937 Batrachosps alternative alternative 1938 1939 1940 1941 1 mi. NW Fairfax, Marin Co., Calif. (all H.E. childs) March 17, 1951 1938 Batrachosps alternative alternative 1939 " " " 1940 " " " 1941 " " " 1942 Batrachosps alternative alternative

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Vendrickson 1951 Catalogue mi. 5 (on Hwy 3 1/2) Cambria, San Luis Obispo Co., Calif. March 18, 1951 1943 Patrachoeops attenuatus attenuatus 1944 Patrachoeops attenuatus attenuatus 582 Meadow Drive Place, Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. March 19, 1951 (coll. John Davis) 1945 Patrachoeops attenuatus pacificus 1946 Patrachoeops attenuatus attenuatus 1947 " " " 1948 " " " 1949 " " " 1950 Patrachoeops attenuatus attenuatus 1951 " " " 1952 " " " 1953 Patrachoeops attenuatus attenuatus Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Co., Calif. March 19, 1951 1954 Patrachoeops attenuatus attenuatus 1955 " " " 1956 " " " 1957 Patrachoeops attenuatus attenuatus Darfield Darby, lower San Gabriel, Los Angeles Co., Calif. reared from Wade For; collected April 3, 1951 (by his student, Hartman) 1958 Patrachoeops attenuatus (jun.) 1959 Patrachoeops attenuatus pacificus

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Nordvikson 1951 Catalogue 2.5 mi. W. Silverado, Orange Co., Calif. March 8, 1951 1960 Petrochose attenuata (attenuata x pacifica) 1961 " " ( " X " ) 1962 " " ( " X " ) 1963 Petrochore attenuata (attenuata x pacifica) San Joaquin Experimental Range, O'Neills, Modera Co., Calif. March 11, 1951 1964 Petrochore alternative attenuate 1965 " " " " 1966 " " " " 1967 " " " " 1968 " " " " 1969 " " " " 1970 " " " " 1971 " " " " 1972 " " " " 1973 " " " " 1974 " " " " 1975 Petrochore alternative attenuate mi. N.W. Trelucco Canyon R.D., Orange Co., Calif. March 8, 1951 1976 Petrochose attenuata (attenuata x pacifica) 1977 " " ( " X " ) 1978 " " ( " X " ) 1979 " " ( " X " ) 1980 " " ( " X " ) 1981 " " ( " X " ) 1982 Petrochore attenuata (attenuata x pacifica)

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Hendrickson 1951 Catalogue 934 Polk St., Albany, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Nov. 13, 1948 1983 Batrachoseps attenuatus attenuatus Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Dec. 17, 1949 1984 Eggs laid by ♀ Batrachoseps (after pituitary implant) from Canyon, Contra Costa Co., Calif. (eggs brooded partially recorded) in l {1985 Captive-batched B. atten. atten. from ♀ taken at Canyon, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 1986 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1987 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 934 Polk St., Albany, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Nov. 26, 1947 1988 Batrachoseps attenuatus attenuatus 1989 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Tilden Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. (coll. N. Cohen) March 22, 1948 1990 juv. Batrachoseps a. attenuatus Canyon, CA Madrono Grove Park, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Oct. 16, 1948 1991 ♀ Batrachoseps a. attenuatus 1992 4 of 8 eggs laid in captivity by Batrachoseps #1991 Near Paradise, Butte Co., Calif. (Rock Spring, 1951 from Tom Rodgers; no other data) Spring, 1951 1993 Batrachoseps a. attenuatus 1994 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1995 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 1996 Batrachoseps a. attenuatus

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Catalogue 1951 Near Paradise Butte Co., Calif. (Rock Spring, 1951 from Tom Dodge - no other data) Spring, 1951 1997 Batrachoseps a. attenuatus 1998 " " " 1999 " " " 2000 " " " 2001 " " " 2002 " " " 2003 " " " 2004 " " " 2005 " " " 2006 " " " 2007 " " " 2008 " " " 2009 " " " 2010 " " " 2011 " " " 2012 " " " 2013 " " " 2014 " " " 2015 Batrachoseps a. attenuatus El Nino, 4 km. S., 72 km.W San Martin/600 ft. Meta, Colombia, S.A. Sept. 7, 1951 Dec. 1, 1950 2016 Jacaratiija palpebrosa (coll. on Dec. 1, 1950; brought back alive) 2017 Jacaratija palpebrosa (kept captive in M.V.Z.; died Sept. 5, 1951) 2018 Jacaratija palpebrosa (coll. Dec. 1, 1950; brought back alive; died in captivity) " " "

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"Nandrickson 1958" "Journal" March 6 Berkeley to Los Angeles, California Dr. D. C. Stebbins and I left Berkeley at about 5:30 A.M. Followed Hwy #99 south through the San Joaquin Valley. Arrived Bakersfield at about 12:30 P.M. and followed Hwy #466 to Keene, Kern Co., Calif. About 5.6 mi. N. of Keene (on Hwy #466) we [illegible] spent about 1 1/2 hrs. searching for Batrachospea, but found none. The ground and leaf litter were moist; 3 temps. taken by Dr. Stebbins were: stream, 9.7°C.; under log, 10.0°C.; air (shade), 9.7°C. There was no snow at this altitude (2450 ft.), and the day seemed fairly warm; in all respects - weather, cover, and vegetation type - the conditions seemed ideal for Batrachospea, but none were found. The snow on the Tehachapi Mts. here seemed to have its lower limit (at this time) at about 3000+ ft. Collected one im. [illegible] under a log. Leaving Clear Creek, we returned some distance north, then cut W. to Hwy #99. We followed this to a spot about 1.2 mi. N (on Hwy #99) of Old Fort Tejon.

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Journal March 6, 1951 1.2 mi. N.(on U.S. Hwy #39) Fort Tejon Kern Co., 2900 ft., Calif. We worked along a steep-sided ravine beside the highway. The water coming from the seep just below Fort Tejon contributes to the small stream running down this ravine. I collected Batrachose attenuatus and Lamporellis (see species accounts). The ravine is rather thickly grown with valley oak, sycamore, willow, and alder. Dr. Stebbins collected as 2 Ensatina eschscholtzii croceater. 0.8 mi. N(on U.S. Hwy #39) Fort Tejon, Kern Co., 2900 ft., Calif. We worked along the water issuing from a warm seep, and above the seep, just below the old fort. See Dr. Stebbins notes for detailed description of vegetation of this area. Buds were opening on some of the willows. Snow was seen on slopes 300-500 ft. above the collecting locality. Kyla were noted croaking at about 5:00 P.M. It was approximately at this hour that the valley fell into shadow from the hills to the West. Leaving Fort Tejon we drove to Sherman Oaks and spent the night at the home of Dr. Stebbins parents.

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Journal March 7 582 Meadow Drive Place, Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Drove to Moore Estate and met John Davis. We collected some Batrachoseps on the estate grounds (see species account), met Dr. & Mrs. Moore, and were shown the bird specimen cases in the basement quarters of the house. The collections are packed in readiness for moving the entire collection to Occidental College. John Davis described a large Batrachoseps which he feels sure was a B. major, which he found, but did not collect, on the estate. It was not in the place previously found when we looked for it. If he encounters it again, he will preserve it. If this is actually a B. major, it will provide a record farther up in the hills, above the alluvial flats, than I know of to date. March 7 Monterey Pl. and Aldine Ave., South Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Together with John Davis we drove to Berry Campbell's reported area of sympatry between Batrachoseps alternatus and B. pacificus major. We were able to find only alternatus (see species account)

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Herd [illegible] 1951 Journal March 7 1420 E. Mountain Ave., Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Visited John Davis home and collected one large specimen of Batrachoseps major (see species account). March 7 2351 N. Lake Ave., Altadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Visited this locality where Dr. Stebbins had previously collected Batrachoseps pacificus major some years ago. The property no longer belongs to Mrs. (Miss?) Hassler of the U.C.L.A. Botany dept. The residents name is Page; they kindly consented to our collecting on the grounds (see species account) March 7 College Ave. and Foothill Blvd., Altadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Dr. Stebbins, John Davis, and I collected Batrachoseps pacificus major here (see species account); then John Davis left us and Dr. Stebbins and I drove on.

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Kerdwichan 1951 Journal March 7 (e.5m. S5 E [on H'wy?]) 5th & Central Redlands, San Bernardino Co., Calif. We collected a good series of the (apparently) intergrading attenuatus X major population which occurs here. The animals ranged in appearance from "good" attenuatus to "fairly good" major. In Dr. Stelling's opinion there was a perceptible difference in habitat choice between animals of the two types - major tending to be out on the flat (alluvium) and out from under the live oaks, while attenuatus tending to be under (or in close association with) the oaks. It did seem to me that the "attenuatus" were almost restricted to close association with the oak; the "major" and intergrades seemed rather generally spread; however, I found them plentiful under the oaks as well as on the alluvial soil between ridges. Notes on assoc- iated animals: no millipedes noted; following noted: small black slugs, Dermaptera cricket, sow bugs, centipedes (both green and orange), land snails carabid beetles, Detculatoma and Calotermes.

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Vendrickson 1951 Journal March 7 (6.5 mi, SSE [on Hwy 70]) Sth Central Redlands, San Bernardino Co., Calif. The area is one of low, rolling hills, with live oaks following the ridges and cottonwood-willow- Baccharis on the flats and valley bottoms between the hills. Many cottonwood (and sycamore?) logs on the flat (stream-deposited?) and oak logs under the oaks. The grass was young and green, and the soil was moist. See species account - B. attenuatus x major Drove to a hill just outside Riverside and hunted unsuccessfully for about 30 min. in eucalyptus (on hill) and cottonwood-oak-willow- sycamore-Baccharis (along stream course). Stopped for the night at entrance to Irvine Park, Orange Co., Calif.

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Hendrickson 1951 Journal March 8 Irvine Park, Orange Co., Calif. Spent night here. In the morning Dr. Stabbins collected one large aterterature. * See his notes for details on this and remainder of localities visited on this trip (through March 11). Other localities visited and collected on this trip were: 2.5 mi.W Silverado, Orange Co., Calif. 1 mi.NW Trabuco Canyon P.O., Orange Co., Calif. 0.5 mi. SW (on Hwy *74) San Juan Board Station San Juan Hot spring, Orange Co., Calif. Brigham Ranch 6.8 mi. N Rincon Springs, San Diego Co., Calif. 1.3 mi.NW(on Hwy *74) Wyola, San Diego Co., Calif. Sweetwater R. 2 mi.WO 1/2 mi.S Dehesa, San Diego Co., Calif. March 9 " " " " Top of Mount Helix, San Diego Co., Calif. Harbison Canyon, San Diego Co., Calif. 1/2 mi.NW Jamul, San Diego Co., Calif. La Mesa, San Diego Co., Calif. 0.6 mi.S junct. Escobedo Blvd.& U.S.Hwy *395, San Diego Co., Calif. about 8mi.S (on Hwy *395) Bonell turnoff, San Diego Co., Calif. 3.3 mi.S(on U.S.Hwy*395) Rainbow-turnoff, San Diego Co., Calif. March 10 Modalia Canyon,Herman Dake, Los Angeles Co., Calif. 1 mi.E(lyrd.) Woody, Kern Co., Calif. 4.2 mi.ESE White River, 2300 ft., Tulare Co., Calif. 2.8 mi ESE White River, 1700 ft.,Tulare Co., Calif. 0.2 mi.NW White River, 950 ft.,Tulare Co., Calif.

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Hendrickson 1951 Journal March 11 from San Joaquin Experimental Range, O'Keefe, Madera Co., Caly.

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Species Accounts

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Batrachoseps pacificus major March 7 582 Meadowlark Place, Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Searched for, but did not find, the large specimen reported by John Davis. He showed me the exact spot, but the salamander was not there at the time. If he sees it again he will collect it. This record, if corroborated by a specimen, would be a rather significant altitudinal extension of range for the major - almost restricted to the alluvial slopes at the base of the hills (this locality is fairly well (200 ft?) above the base of the hills. March 7 1420 E Mountain Ave., Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Collected one large, gray specimen from under a 2" X 12" X 8' plank in the backyard of John Davis home. No other Batrachoseps were seen, although John has seen others. John showed me the spot from which he took the (presumed) major eggs. The soil was even and packed - no apparent possibility of unintentional hiding or movement of eggs in loose, irregular soil. (See Davis correspondence with Stebbins in early part spring of 1951), (catalogue # ).

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Hendrickson 1954 Batrachoseps pacificus major March 7 28519, Lake Ave., Altadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Dr. Stebbins, John Davis, and I collected in the backyard of the lot. I worked almost entirely in the old concrete fish pool (now filled with earth) where Dr. Stebbins had obtained most of numbers of animals some years ago. The pool (see Dr. Stebbins notes - [illegible] year for details formerly) is partially shaded by eucalyptus trees, and the earth filling it (to 4"-6" below surrounding patio level) was covered by with a thin layer of eucalyptus leaf litter. I collected one large adult and a number of small young from the pool (beneath the leaf litter). (catalogue ACS# JRH#) March 7 Coolidge Ave. and Foothill Rd., Altadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Dr. Stebbins, John Davis and I collected individuals from beneath trash and rocks in an unimproved piece of land between the two roads at their intersection. Oaks were growing on the area (rather scrubby and small). (catalogue ACS# JRH#)

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Hendrickson 1950 Batrachoseps attenuatus March 6 1.2 mi. N (on U.S. Hwy #99) Fort Tejon, Kern Co., 2700 ft., Calif. Found a few under logs and loose pieces of bark about lying on and in thick valley oaks leaf litter. All the animals I found were well up on the canyon wall, at least 10 ft. above the stream level Water in stream - 11.6°C.; air at 6" (shade) - 7.4°C.; soil under dead bark - 7.8°C. (4:00pm) 0.8 mi. N (on U.S. Hwy #99) Fort Tejon Kern Co., 3000 ft., Calif. Collected a number under boards and logs near the seep below Fort Tejon and near the stream below it. Distance above water level at which the animals were found ranged from 0" (actually in boggy ground at waters edge) to about 4'-5'. Snow was seen on slopes about 300-500 ft., above collection locality. Taking the two localities: 1.2 mi. & 0.8 mi. N Fort Tejon, 2 men worked for 2 hours and collected Batrachoseps. The animals from the two collection sites were lumped into one batch. See catalogue # -# Dr. Robbins noted that on this and on previous visits, he had found most of the Batrachoseps encountered very near the warm water of the seep. He said further, that the seep apparently runs all the year. We speculated on whether the year-round wetness and the warmth of the water might not account for the apparent relative abundance of the animals in this extreme outpost (?) of their range (the warmth of the water counteracting somewhat the severity of the winter weather).

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Hendrickson 1959 Batrachoseps attenuatus March 7 582 Meadow Drive Place, Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. Collected several from under plate of "baby tears" (18" x 18" x 2") in '1/2 shade on the estate grounds. Temp. under one of the plates (frosting on bare, damp soil) - 6.5° C. Air in shade at 6" - 7.8° C. Air in sun at 6" - 11.6° C. (These Temps. at 8:30 A.M.). (catalogue JRH# RCS#) March 7 Monterey Rd. & Delin Ln., South Pasadena, Los Angeles Co., Calif. March [crossed out] 7 Collected from under sparsely-scattered pieces of track, rocks, and wood on railroad right-of-way. Only attenuatus found (this is, we believe, the locality where Campbell reported sympatry between attenuatus and major) Eucalyptus were the only trees noted at the collection site. (catalogue JRH# RCS#)

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Nendrickson 1951 Lampropeltis March 6 1.2 mi N Fort Tejon (on Hwy #49) Kern Co., 3700 ft., Calj. Collected one individual (# ) under a 6"-8" thick x 15" x 24" granite rock on a 10° W-facing slope forming one wall of a ravine running parallel to the road at this point. The rock was in a 6"-10"[illegible] grassy area, '1/2-shaded by a valley oak. The snake was coiled up in a [crossed out word] depression in the soil which measured about 2" deep by 3" x 4". The entire rock rested on bare soil (no dead grass or litter noted beneath it). The snake was rather sluggish and made no marked attempts to escape. When placed in a jar it began to vibrate its tail, and was noted doing this at several later times.

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