Field notes, v635

Bell, Douglas A.

Unknown

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

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Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

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D. A. Bell 1984-1986 1984-85 Catalogue #001-066 1985 Journal 1986 Catalogue #067-121 Journal

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D. A. Bell 1984-85 Catalogue #001-066

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Douglas A. Bell 1984/85 Catalogue 2930 Redwood Road, Napa city, Napa Co., Calif. June 28, 1984 172852 001 ♂ Aphelocoma coerulescens Ad. Sk., Testis 4.5 x 2.5 mm (coll. by Robert E Jones) Wt. 97 gms 172853 002 ♀ Aphelocoma coerulescens Imm. Sk. (coll. by Robert E. Jones) Wt. 87gm Etna Springs, Pope Valley, Napa Co., Calif Sept. 15, 1984 003 ♂ Sturnus vulgaris Juv. Sk., Testis 1.0 x 2.0 mm. Slight fat. (coll. Robert E. Jones) Molt. Wt. 74 gms Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, San Francisco Co., Calif May 15, 1985 172379 004 Larus occidentalis (found dead by Cynthia Annette) 005 Larus occidentalis (found freshly dead by Cynthia Annette) May 18, 1985 To MvZ egg Exchange 006 Larus occidentalis One egg from nest #8, Parade Grounds. 86.2 gms 64.6 x 49.65 mm. Small keim. Yolk, egg-white & shell saved. To MvZ X-CHNG egg 007 Larus occidentalis One egg from nest #124, Parade Grounds 84.5 gms 73.05 x 46.98 mm. Small keim. Yolk, egg-white & shell saved. To MvZ X-CHNG egg 008 Larus occidentalis Egg #1 from nest LB, Parade Grounds. 84.2 gms 69.95 x 48.58 mm. 13 mm chick. Shell only saved. To MvZ Exchange egg 009 Larus occidentalis Egg #2 from nest LB, Parade Grounds .87.8gms 71.12 x 48.95 mm. 13 mm chick. Shell only saved. To MvZ X-CHNG egg 010 Larus occidentalis Egg #3 from nest LB, Parade Grounds. 82.65 gms 70.06 x 47.17 mm. 13 mm chick. Shell only saved

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Douglas A. Bell 1985 Catalogue Alcatraz Island San Francisco Bay, San Francisco Co., Calif. May 18, 1985 011 Larus occidentalis Egg #1 from nest 29, Parade Grounds. 88.75 gms 70.63 x 49.06 mm. Shell & egg-white saved. Small keim (<1mm) TO MV2 X-CHNG egg 012 Larus occidentalis Egg #2 (?) from nest 29, Parade Grounds 93.6 gms 73.79 x 49.48 mm. Shell, yolk & egg-white saved. Small keim (<1mm) TO MV2 X-CHNG egg 013 Larus occidentalis Egg #3 (?) from nest 29, Parade Grounds 86.6 gms 68.56 x 48.86 mm. Shell, yolk and egg-white saved. Small keim (<1mm) May 20, 1985 172380 014 ♂ Larus occidentalis Ad. Plumage. Mated to 015. Nest #117-Parade Grounds 1,050 gms Both testes large ; 1.6 x 1.3 cm (centimeters). Eyes: pearl-mustard, Eyering: deep yellow, Feet & legs: fleshy pink, Bill: deep yellow Nest #117- Parade Grounds 172381 015 ♀ Larus occidentalis Ad. Plumage Mated to 014. Egg, ripe and 1,060 gms Egg in oviduct; wt. 95.45 gms 71.12 x 50.3 mm with all shells in oviduct. Eyes: pearl-mustard, Eyering: deep yellow, Feet & legs: fleshy pink; Bill: deep yellow. >50 ova (yellow) in ovary. Most <2mm dia. 2ova 7x7.5 mm; 1ovum 7x8 mm, 2ova 7x6.5, 10vum 7x6.0 mm, 1ovum 7.5x6.0 mm 3ova 4 x 3.5 mm. Rest <2mm dia. TO MV2 X-CHNG egg 016 Larus occidentalis Egg #1 from Nest #117-Parade Grounds 100.12 gms 72.93 x 51.09 mm. Shell, yolk & egg-white saved. Small keim. TO MV2 X-CHNG egg 017 Larus occidentalis Egg #2 from Nest #117-Parade Grounds. 100.12 gms 69.5 x 52.65 mm. Shell, yolk & egg-white saved. Small keim. Clatsop Co., Oregon East Sand Island, Mouth of Columbia River, Oregon (approachable by boat from Chinook, WA). In Baker Bay, WA. 172817 June 4, 1985 h . 018 ♂ Larus occidentalis x. Ad. Plumage. Trapped on nest. Wt. 1150 gms glaucrescens Nest located in natural grass, drift wood area in middle of island (tertiary-use area). Iris-pearl grey/yellow; Eyering-yellow; Bill- yellow. Legs & feet - flesh (sl. pink). Testes: L 16 x 10x10 mm R 11x9 x 8.5 mm. Liver - Left lobe: 6.8 x 4cm, 19 gms; Right Lobe -6x3.5 cm, wt 16 gms

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Douglas A. Bell 1985 3. Catalogue East Sand Island, Columbia River Mouth, Oregon (near Chinook, WA); at Baker Bay, WA. Clatsop Co., ORE 018-cont. 1 Liver fluke in R. lobe. Brood patches present. Type of mate unknown. 3 eggs in nest. Tongue preserved in Bouin. Tissue taken. Light fat. June 5, 1985 172723 h -> Lg 019 f Larus glaucescens Adult plumage. Trapped on nest Wt. 950 gms containing 3 eggs. Iris- mottled ochre-violet. Eyering - deep pink. Feet & legs - flesh, slightly pink. Bill - greenish yellow Left ovary w/ova: 2 ova > 5mm &, 8 ova > 3mm & but less < 5mm Right ovary inactive and 23 ova < 3 mm. 3 brood patches. Mated to a male having This bird wing-tips slightly darker than mantle. 019 looks like f "glaucous-winged". Nest in same area as 018. Tissues taken. Moderate fat. Lg/H MVZ 020 f Larus occidentalis x Ad. plumage. Trapped on nest Wt. 850g glaucescens 172818 (Located in same area as 018). Eyering yellow, Iris pearl mustard greyish, Bill - yellow, Feet & legs - fleshy pink. 3 eggs in nest. Right ovary inactive, Left active 3 ova > 3mm &, 5 ova < 3 mm & > 1mm &, 30 ova < 1 mm. Liver: left 6.8 x 3.2 cm, 20 gms; Right : 6.1x3.6cm 14 gms. Mated to a Western Gull w/ yellow eye ring, dark mantle and wing-tips. Brood patches. 3 Eggs saved -> egg white taken (# 020 A-B-C). Tissues taken Light fat. eggs 020 A-B-C Larus occidentalis x glaucescens Three egg clutch from nest of 020. A B C MVZ 13606 Wts: 84, 82 & 88 gms. Shells & egg-white saved (Steve Speich). Egg white from 020-A 020-B.

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Doug Bell 1985 Catalogue Thurston Co., WA PORT OF OLYMPIA (between log stacks and marina), Olympia, WA. JUNE 7, 1985 eggs MV2 021 A-B-C Larus glaucescens 13619 Three egg clutch taken from nest of following pair. Shells A: B: C: and egg-white saved (Steve Speich). Wt: 90 g, 94, 95 gms 172709 022 ♀ Larus glaucescens Trapped first. Mate of 023. Light grey mantle & primary tips. Eye ring pink. Iris mottled brownish maroon, magenta, Bill dull yellow w/greenish tinge. Feet & legs fleshy pink. 3 brood patches. Liver: Left: 5.8cm x 3.7cm, 18 gm., Right 8.4x3.7cm 23 gms. Testes: Left - 1.5 x 1.12 x 1.1 cm. Right - 1.15 x .88 x .88 cm Tongue preserved. Tissues taken. Light fat Wt. 1,130gms 172710 023 ♀ Larus glaucescens Trapped second. Mate of 022. Light grey mantle & primary tips. Eye ring pink. Iris mottled dark brown, maroon, Bill dull yellow w/greenish tinge. Feet fleshy pink. Liver: Left: 6x3cm, 19.3gms; right: 6.5x3.3 cm 200gms. Ova: 3 ~ 5mm &, 5 between 3-5 mm &, 7 between 2-3mm &, 12 < 2mm &. Tissues taken. Tongue preserved. Blood taken. Light fat. Wt. 930 gms. (Plasma only). WEST BAY DRIVE (old pier - across from Port of Olympia), Olympia WA. Thurston Co. WA JUNE 9, 1985 172711 024 ♀ Larus glaucescens Trapped off 1-egg nest. Egg #2 ready to be laid, in oviduct. Pink eye ring. Mottled magenta w/1,140gms maroon w/egg yolk. brownish iris. Bill deep yellow. Legs & feet pale fleshy pink. Mated to similar appearing bird jet primary tips slightly darker Liver: Lft 5.35x3.2cm 16gms than mantle. right 6.8 x 3.5cm 22gms Lg Yolk in Oviduct Egg in oviduct - ready to lay. Tissues & tongue taken. Blood taken

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Doug Bell 1985 Catalogue West Bay Drive, Olympia, WA. Thurston Co., WA. June 9, 1985 MVZ e985 13620 025 Larus glaucescens - Two eggs from DAB 024 - A: in nest wt. 98 gms A-B Egg B: in oviduct - ready to lay. Wt. 100 gms Shells + egg-white saved. St. Regis Pulp Plant - (Champion Intl. Corp.) Port of Tacoma, WA. Pierce Co., WA. June 10, 1985 172719 026 ♀ Larus glaucescens - Ad. plumage. Trapped off nest w/ wt. 1,040 gms 3 eggs (DAB 027-A-B-C). Eye ring pink, Iris mottled dk magenta-maroon on a pearl background. Feet + legs - dull fleshy pink. Wing-tips slightly darker than mantle. (typical of birds at this plant). Liver- R. Lobe: 7.25 x 3.8 cm 24 gms Left ovary w/ova: 3 > 5 mm φ 15 < 1 mm φ Tissues, Tongue + RBC's 5 ~ 2-5 mm k saved. 8 ~ 1 mm b MVZ e985 13621 027 Larus glaucescens - Three egg clutch of 026. A-B-C Egg A - 82 gms, B - 86 gms, C - 84 gms. Shells + egg-white saved (Steve Speich). 172720 028 ♂ Larus glaucescens - Ad Plumage. Trapped off nest wt. 1,105 gms with 3-egg clutch(029). Eye ring pink, Iris mottled dk magenta on a pearl background. Feet + legs dull fleshy pink. Wing tips R: 4.85 x 3.6 cm 22.0 g L: 6.5 x 4.0 cm 12.5 g slightly darker than mantle. Liver Testis R: 1.3 x 0.9 x 0.8 cm Tissues + Blood saved MVZ e985 13622 029 Larus glaucescens - 3 egg clutch from 028. A-B-C Egg A - 77 gms, B - 88 gms, C - 87 gms (Steve Speich) Shells + egg-white saved

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DOUG BELL 1985 Catalogue PORT OF SEATTLE, PIER 91, BUILDING 48 SEATTLE, WA. King Co., WA. 172704 JUNE 12, 1985 030 ♀ Larus glaucescens Ad. Plumege. Primary tips ≈ to mantle color. Pink eye ring. Iris mottled dk. brown/magenta - maroon on a pearl background. Bill yellow. Feet dull fleshy pink. Trapped off 3-egg clutch (031 A-B-C) Wt 905gms. Liver: R: 6.15 x 3.1 cm - 17gms Ovid: 6 > 5mm & L: 6.0 x 3.5 cm - 19gms 15 2-5mm & Tongue + tissues Moderate fat. Brood Patches (3). 35 < 1 mm & taken. MVZ 13618 eggs 031 Larus glaucescens 3-egg clutch from nest A-B-C of 030. Egg 031-A Wt 89gms, B - 97 gms C - 94gms Protection Island, WA (near entrance to Port Discovery) Jefferson Co., WA June 14, 1985 172689 032 ♀ Larus glaucescens Ad. Plumege. Trapped off 2-egg nest (048 033). Eye ring tan, very faint to beige in color. Iris: mottled dk. brown on a pearl background. Feet & legs fleshy pink. Bill yellow. Wt. 925gms Primary tips slightly darker than over mantle. Mate (♂) was of same appearance. Brood patches (3). Liver: L: 6.45 x 3.4 cm 17gms Left ovary: 2 post-ova R: 5.2 x 3.25 12gms 5 ova ~ 5mm & Ectoparasites 9 ova 2-5mm & 30 ova ~ 1/ mm & Tongue preserved in formalin. Tissues + Blood Taken. MVZ eggs 13615 033 Larus glaucescens 2 egg clutch from 032. A-B Egg 033-A Wt. 70gms B - 71 gms (broken)

Doug BELL 1985 Catalogue PROTECTION ISLAND, Jefferson Co., WA. 172690 JUNE 14, 1985 034 ♂ Larus glaucescens. Adult plumage. Trapped Wt. 1,175 gms off 2-egg clutch @ nest. Eye ring pale pink. Iris-mottled dark brown on pearl background. Bill yellow. Feet pale fleshy pink. Liver L: 20.5gms 7.5cm x 3.5 cm R: 16gms 5.8cm x 3.9 cm Testis: L: 1.7 x 1.1 x .95 cm R: 1.4 x 1.05 x .90 cm Brood patches (3). Tongue (formalin), tissues & blood taken. [plasma only] MVZ 13616 eggs 035 A-B Larus glaucescens Two-egg clutch from 034. Egg 035A - 79gms B - 80 gms. 172691 036 ♀ Larus glaucescens. Ad. plumage. Trapped off 1-egg clutch. Eye ring pink. Iris mottled dk. brown Wt. 842 gms. on pearl background. Bill - dull greenish yellow. Feet pale fleshy pink. Regurgita Regurgitated many small fish (4 cm). long. Liver: L: 6.85 x 3.05 cm R: 5.00 x 3.50 cm 17 gms 14.8 gms Brood patches (3) L. Ovary: 6ova ~5mm ♀ 1 post-ovulatory ova 19ova 2-5mm ♂ 30wa ≤ 1 mm ♂ Tissues, tongue & blood taken. MVZ egg 13617 037 Larus glaucescens. 1st egg clutch of 036. w.t. 87 gms

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Doug BELL 1985 Catalogue Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, San Francisco Co., Calif. June 30, 1985 172382 skel. + wing 038 ♀? Larus occidentalis. Ad. plumage. 1 wing saved. skel. + wing 039 Larus occidentalis. Ad plumage. 1 wing saved. ♀? 172383 July 3, 1985 172384 040 ♂ Larus occidentalis. Trapped off 3-egg nest. Eggs rotten. wt. 1,135 gms Wing chord: 147 cm. Deep yellow bill + eye ring. Iris pearl, with light smokey grey mottling over ventral half. Feet fleshy pink. 3 brood patches - refathtering. Liver: L: 5.6 x 3.8 mm R: 7.5 x 4.3 mm Testis: L: 6.5 x 6.5 x 9.0 mm - tan color. w. 15.5 gms Wt. 32 gms R: 4.8 x 4.8 x 6.8 mm - brown color. Stomach empty. Light fat. 172385 skel. + wing 041 Larus occidentalis - Found dead. Adult, Breeding Plumage. 1 wing saved. ♀? 172386 042 Larus occidentalis. Chick (1 week old?). Found dead. Neither skin nor skeleton worth saving. (Bob Jones). Skull has been saved.

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DOUG BELL 1985 CATALOGUE Sugarloaf Rock, near Road to Petrolia (from Ferndale). Lighthouse on shore next to Sugarloaf Rak, Cape Mendocino Humboldt Co., Calif July 5, 1985 172293 043 ♀ Larus occidentalis. Ad. Pluage. Shot on beach. Eyering deep yellow. Bill deep yellow. Feet fleshy. Iris - pearl with slight greyish motting, wing chord: 121.5cm. LIVER: L: 5.2 x 3.9cm 11gms Ovary: 4ova ~ 2-3mm & R: 70 x 3.9 cm 16 gms. > 50 < 1 mm Brood patches (3) re-feathering . Light fat. Tissues taken. July 6, 1985 044 ♂ Larus occidentalis . Bill deep yellow . Eye ring 173294 deeep yellow . Iris pearl with soft grey motting Feet flesh coloured . Last year of subadult plumage Weight : 1200g . No brood patches. Molt. LIVER : R: 8.5 x 4.3, 27g yellowish L: 6.2 x 4.1, 20g TESTIS R: 0.68 x 0.90cm x 0.70 L: 1.38 x 0.95cm x 0.85 MEDIUM FAT Tissues taken. Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, Calif 172387 June 3, 1985 skel+wing 045 ? Larus occidentalis . Ad. Pluage. Found dead next to 1,025g (fresh wt.) nest (Cynthia Annette). 3 brood patches. 1 wing saved. Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Co., Calif. May 20, 1985 eggs 046 Larus occidentalis . Clutch of 3 eggs taken from nest #20 A-B-C on Parade Grounds. A: 73.62 x 49.82mm; B: 71.79 x 50.88 mm 97.0gms MVZ C: 71.87 x 52.42 mm 100.5 gms. (order of laying) Small keims. 13608 (prob. C-B-A)

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Doug Bell 1985 CATALOGUE South East Farallon, Farallon Islands, San Francisco Co., Calif. 172350 SKELETON 047 ♀ Larus occidentalis. Dead bird, collected and [illegible] by Wt. 630gms wing (w/out 1 leg) PRBO staff, between July 25-30. One leg removed, blood taken by PRBO staff. Ovaries also removed. Some ovary-like "grapes" (& 1mm) still [illegible] remained on left ovary. Nothing or right side. I wing saved. Tissues taken. Adult plumage. Bill & eye-ring deep yellow. Legs pink. Fresh bird. 172351 SKELETON 048 o? Larus occidentalis. Dead(Dead?) bird, collected and Wt. 850 gms right wing (&?) [illegible] by PRBO staff between July 25-30. Reproductive (Liver not present). parts removed. Ad. Plumage. I wing saved. Tissues (muscle, Heart, Kidney only) taken. Not fresh. 172352 SKELETON 049 o?. Larus occidentalis Dead Bird (!) Wt. 680gms left wing (collected by PRBO staff between (Harry Carter) (July 25-30, Ad. Plumage. I wing saved. Tissues(muscle, heart liver only) taken. Not fresh. I leg removed by PRBO PRBO staff 172353 SKELETON ♂♂ 050 Larus occidentalis. Dead Bird collected by Wt. 650gms left wing Harry Carter of PRBO staff on July 25-30. (w/out 1 leg) Adult Plumage. I leg removed by PRBO. Tissues taken. Bill & Eye ring deep yellow. Leg fleshy pink. Shot found in bird. Emaciated. Fresh. Right testes: 4.5 x 3.0 x 2.0 cm. Left testis gone.

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Doug Bell 1985 CATALOGUE South-East Farallon Farallon Islands, San Francisco Co., Calif. 172354 SKELETON 051 ♀ Larus occidentalis. Found dead, collected by Left wing PRBO staff (Harry Carter) on July 5, 1985. Left leg removed by PRBO. Adult plumage, yellow bill and eye-ring. At leg fleshy-pink. Tissues (L, KiH,M) taken. Reproductive organs removed by PRBO. Remnant ovary found. (1ft. leg missing) Wt. 740gms 172355 SKELETON 052 ♀ Larus occidentalis. Found dead, collected by PRBO Right wing staff on 10 July, 1985. Left leg removed by PRBO staff. Adult plumage. Yellow bill, fleshy left. Remnant ovary found. (4out left leg) Wt. 865gms 172356 SKELETON 053 ♀ Larus occidentalis. Found dead on 21 June, 1985. Left wing Collected by PRBO staff. Picric on breast, probably ♀ of A 7807. Adult plumage. Leg fleshy. Left leg removed by PRBO. Emaciated. Bill yellow. (4out left leg) Wt 760gms 172357 SKELETON 054 ♀ Larus occidentalis. Found dead by PRBO staff Left wing between July 25-30, 1985. Left leg removed by PRBO staff. Last year of subadult plumage. Emaciated (W/out left leg) Wt. 580gms 172358 SKELETON 055 ♂ Larus occidentalis. Found dead by Left Wing Died from botulism on July 21, 1985 (PRBO staff) "Blood sample taken", Left leg removed by PRBO. Adult plumage, yellow bill & eye-ring. No reprods. M, L, H, K removed. Testes L': 7 x 5 x 4.3 R': 7.5 x 5 x 3.8 (- left leg) Wt 935gms

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Doug BELL 1985 CATALOGUE SE Farallon I., Farallon Islands, San Francisco Co., Calif. 172359 SKELETON 056 ♂ Larus occidentalis. Found dead by PRBO staff Wt. 810 gms - left leg. Right Wing + zw. 25-30 July, 1985. Adult plumage Yellow L - 6.5 x 4.0 x 2.5 mm bill & eye-ring. Left leg missing I: R - 6.0 x 2.5 x 3.0 mm M, L, H, K taken. 172360 SKELETON 057 ♂ Larus occidentalis. Wt. 1130 gms - right leg. Right Wing + o Found dead by PRBO staff between 25-30 July 1985. Adult Plumage. Yellow bill, eyes & eye-ring decomposed. Smells bad. M, L, H, K taken. Testes L: destroyed R: 8 x 4.8 x 4 mm Heavy Fat content. 172361 SKELETON 058 ♂ Larus occidentalis. Emaciated. Wt. 665 gms - left leg. Right Wing + Found dead by PRBO Staff between 25-30 July 1985. Adult Plumage. Yellow bill & eye-ring. T: R: 6x4x2.5 mm Most of liver & digestive tract removed by PRBO. 172362 SKELETON 059 ♀ Larus occidentalis. Found dead by PRBO Staff Wt. 910 gms - left leg. R+. wing + between 25-30 July 1985. Smells bad. Bill discolored M, L (brown), H', K (brown) taken. Left ovary - many "grapes" < 1mm 3 "grapes" = 1mm & 172363 SKELETON 060 ♂ Larus occidentalis. Found dead by PRBO Staff Right Wing + between 25-30 July 1985. Yellow bill & eyering. Wt 830 gms M, L, H, K (kidney looks like its been peppered with - left leg. small yellow flecks) tissues taken. Left testie: 6x3.5x4.0 mm R. T.: 5.0 x 3.5 x 3.0 mm 172364 SKELETON 061 ♂ Larus occidentalis. Found dead by PRBO Staff Right Wing + between 25-30 July 1985. Yellow bill, eyering & iris. Wt. 920 gms Left - left leg. R+ testie - deflated: 8 x 4 x 3 mm Right T. 8.5 x 4.5 x 3.0 mm M L H K tissues taken.

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DOUG BELL 1985 Catalogue SE Farallon I., Farallon Islands, San Francisco Co., Calif. 172365 SKELETON 062 RIGHT WING ♀ Lorus occidentalis. Found dead by PRBO Staff. Left leg. between July 25-30, 1985 Yellow bill. Fairly far gone. Emaciated. Tissues taken LHKM. Right Testis: 5 x 4 x 3 mm L.T.: 5.5 x 4.5 x 4.5 mm 172366 SKELETON 063 ♀ Lorus occidentalis. Found dead by PRBO Staff. wt. 810 grms -Left leg between July 25-30, 1985 Yellow bill. Emaciated. Tissues taken LHKM L.T.: 8 x 4.5 x 4.2 mm R.T.: 8 x 4 x 4 mm 172367 SKELETON 064 ♀ Lorus occidentalis, Found dead by PRBO wt. 980 grms -Left leg. Staff. Yellow bill + eye ring. Tissues taken: LHKM, but all far gone. RT.: 5.5 x 3.5 x 3.5 mm L.T.: 7.0 x 5.0 x 4.5 mm 172368 SKELETON 065 ♀ Lorus occidentalis. Found dead wt. 680 grms -Left leg. by PRBO Staff between 25-30 July 1985. Yellow bill + eye ring. Left ovary, most ova (~50) <2mm &. Tissue taken: M LHK. Good condition. 172369 SKELETON 066 ♀ Lorus occidentalis. Found dead by wt. 680 grms -Left leg. PRBO Staff between 25-30 July 1985. Yellow bill + eye ring. Tissues taken: M LHK (poor condition) Left oviduct visible, ovaries not visible - probably rotted away. SKELETON 067

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D. A. Bell 1985 Journal List of localities California Northern Calif., Oregon, Washington

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Field Notes Douglas A. Bell 1985 Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, San Francisco Co., California 19 April, 4 May, 12 May, 18 May 20 May, 30 June, 3 July, 26 July Northern California, Oregon, Washington 1 June - 15 June Humboldt County, California 5 July - 6 July Farallon Islands, San Francisco Co., California 3 August Marin County, California 22 August - 23 August

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FIELD NOTES LOCATION: Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, Calif. DATE: April 19, 1985 Doug Bell WEATHER: Clear, sunny. Temp. ~ 50's. Light wind. HABITAT: Rocky Island, old prison grounds. TIME: 9:00 AM - 11:30 AM Made a short tour of the island with Pat Kelly, Cynthia Annette and the National Park Service fellow Judd Howell. Judd is very nice and cooperative. He was in US Coast Guard, did work for Bureau of Land Reclamation in Wyoming where they surveyed Prairie Falcons and Bald Eagles, and came to Calif. on present job in 1980. He has a Masters from Arizona. We looked for Western Gull nests specifically on the Power Plant, on the grassy knolls around the water tower, on top of the Laundry and Cell House, and at the Heliport. In all places there were either shallow scrapes to be seen or even constructed nests. No eggs were found anywhere, though. Lots of gulls about, many in pairs. Seem to be more gulls, or pairs thereof, than scrapes or nests. Upon our approach to the nesting areas the gulls got a bit excited, flying up and giving either a "klear" call or a row of "mup-mup-mup-mup" calls. No defensive behavior towards us, and shortly the birds settled back down to their various resting places. Gull behaviors: lots of intraspecific action. Gulls on the Laundry roof were pretty much spaced in pairs, sitting and standing. Much threatening between birds with one chasing (walking after) another. An actual contact fight occurred, with bill grasping and wing-beating. Quite rough. One bird seen walking with drooping wings and erect neck with bill pointed at an

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FIELD NOTES Location: Alcatraz Island, S.F. Bay, CA. DATE: April 19, 1985 angle downwards. Some pairs were seen to "choke", displaying their nesting site. One dead adult gull found, well progressed in decomposing. Other birds seen on Alcatraz: White-crowned Sparrow (several singing) Song Sparrow " " Black-crowned Night Herons - many (~30), mostly adults sitting in various "colony" trees. Anna's Hummingbird - male in dive-bomb courtship. Heerman's Gull - (1). Flew about the laundry. Landed a top its roof and was subsequently chased by the Western Gulls sitting there. Judd Howell mentioned that when he studied Heerman's Gulls resting here, they won encounters with Western Gulls as the island was less disturbed. When human disturbance increased, Western's began to win encounters more frequently. Oystercatchers (8) - down on Baker Beach at West side of island.

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FIELD NOTES LOCATION: Alcatraz Island, S.F. Bay, Calif WEATHER: Clear, but some high thin haze. Sunny. Wind ~10-15 mph T~70's °F Doug Bell DATE: May 4, 1985 TIME: 11:00 AM - 13:00 Checking status of gull nests with Cynthia Annette. Most nests still without eggs. In nests with eggs - clutches vary from 1-3 eggs. Recording length + width measurements, weights of eggs. Noting food remains around nests - ie: garbage or fish. Gulls exhibit nervous behavior when we intrude on colony sites, "mup-mup-mup" call and "typical" call (long?) heard. Most birds just soared, almost stationary as we proceeded thru colonies. No attacking or dive- bombing defense yet. Killdeer nest found atop rusty pile of rubble on flat yard next to Power Plant. 4 eggs, one chick hatching. Adult hanging around close to nest. Not making noise. Chick peeping heard. TIME 13:20 - 13:50 Observing gulls on I.B. About 35 gulls on I.B., 16 [illegible] pairs, 2 birds appear to be sitting on nests. One other bird was sitting on a nest for ~10 min, but then got up and walked off it. Birds which seem to be paired are sitting or standing within 1 meter of one another. About half the gulls are just laying flat on the roof, some with slightly opened wings - sunning. Wind is strong (15-20 mph?) - buffeting the birds. Of pair closest to this observation blind, the female has a black plastic band on left leg. This same pair did a defense display (?) - both birds walked with stiffened necks and bills angled slightly downward towards another pair. Calling. Pair at far end of I.B. tugging at grass roll, mutually carrying grass to nest. Although male carrying bigger chunks and depositing it at nest. Female carrying sprigs back and forth not depositing it, but holding on to it. One pair involved

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell LOCATION: Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, Calif. DATE: May 4, 1985 WEATHER: Clear, but some high thin haze present Sunny. TIME: 13:20 - 13:50 Observing gulls on IB (Industry Building (Laundry)). in courtship behavior - the female walked over to the male giving a mew call. With each "mew" she would cock her head back and pull it in, into her shoulders. (Immature gulls beg food in a similar manner). At the same time the female positioned herself to face the male at an angle, from one side. While mewing she also billed the male's bill, especially on the sides and at the gony. The male responded with direct billing. The female's mewing lasted on the order of 2-3 minutes. Another pair started mewing too, and it lasted of same duration. One Heerman's Gull sat on the cement boarder of the Industry Building's roof the whole time. It- sat on the boarder just above an incubating Western Gull. No apparent distress on either bird's part.

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FIELD NOTES LOCATION: Alcatraz Island, S.F. Bay, Calif. Doug Bell WEATHER: Clear sunny. High winds. DATE: MAY 12, 1985 TIME: 12:00 - 1640 Measuring and weighing eggs of Western Gull (Larus occidentalis). Cistern Area: nearly all nests in this area have at least one egg, and up to 3 eggs. Birds hanging very close to nests. Some make mild passes at me when I approach their nests. Especially the birds nesting on the walkway leading up to the cistern - this pair seems particularly vehement. In all, the Gulls seem relatively calm. I could be checking one nest while a gull 4 yards away would resettle on its eggs. Most birds give the mup-mup-mup call when I disturb their nests. Industry Building: checked and measured eggs. Nests had from 0-3 eggs. Behavior of gulls same as for on the Cistern. Both cistern and IB colonies are quite close to one another. The cistern is on a northerly bluff, about 3 yards higher than the Industry Building roof and just east of the I.B., about a 2 yard gap separates the I.B. from the Cistern bluff. While I was checking nests I noticed one nest had apparently come loose and was slowly skidding as a pile of weeds across the IB roof. One egg was in it. Replaced nest to original (?) spot and anchored it down with rocks.

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FIELD NOTES DOUG BELL DATE: MAY 18, 1985 LOCATION: Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, California. WEATHER: Clear, sunny. TIME: 9:00 - 14:00 Checking nests, measuring & weighing eggs of Western gulls (Larus occidentalis). Checking all areas of the island. With C. Annette, Maren and Annette Burger. Finding many new nests with 1-3 eggs in the rubble area, walkway north of the power house, and on the perimeter. These could be new gulls settling the island, or birds that were displaced from the parade grounds on the south end of the island. We spotted a Heerman's Gull while checking nests on the Industry Building. It seems to always show up when we are in this area. The gull nest on the I.B. that was being blown away during my last visit (5/12) is no longer in existence. While walking the perimeter we found a nest with 1/2-normal sized gull eggs in it. Thought it to be Heerman's nest. However, a pair of Western gulls kept hanging around it. I at first kept scaring them off - afraid they wanted to eat the eggs. It turns out - they were incubating the 1/2-sized eggs.

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FIELD NOTES DONG BELL DATE: MAY 20, 1985 LOCATION: Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, California WEATHER: Clear, sunny, hot TIME: 10:00 AM - 12:00 At Parade Grounds - attempting to trap adults using "Winkler's" modified gull trap. 10:30 set trap over nest w/ 2 eggs. A bird, the male, of a pair went in and sat on eggs as soon as I left the immediate vicinity. Caught this bird rather easily. Am now (10:42) waiting to see if its mate can be caught. The mate is at the nest and was in attendance when I grabbed the male from the nest. 10:57: the male (female?) went into the trap and sat on the eggs. Caught it too. (Nest #117), [Eggs from nest #20 also removed - as it was right in middle of helipad. 3 eggs in this nest]. The sexes of the pair I describe above were correct. The first bird caught on the eggs was the larger of the pair, a ♂. The second bird caught was the ♀. She weighed 10 gms more than the male, yet was smaller. A ripe egg was in here oviduct. They had 2 eggs in nest, which I collected.

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FIELD NOTES Doug BELC DATE: JUNE 1, 1985 LOCATION: Eureka city, Humboldt Co., Calif WEATHER: Overcast, drizzle. TIME: 11:00am I am near the harbor, on same street as the Carson mansion. Viewing boat docks and Indian Island. Does not appear to be suitable nesting habitat on Indian Isl. for gulls. Too much human activity on the few spots that are not covered in Salicornium marsh. LOCATION: Trinidad HEAD & BAY, Humboldt Co., Calif. WEATHER: Overcast, some clearing. TIME: 14:00 - 17:00 Lots of gulls about. From the pier in Trinidad Harbor several pairs of gulls can be seen sitting on the various rocks in the bay. On one rock which is at the eastern end of the boat moorings is a pair which definitely has a nest. One bird is incubating and going thru the motions of sitting on eggs with turning and settling (rocking). The male (larger bird) is sitting on the pinnacle of the rock. This nest might be trapable, but it's hard to tell how level the nest surface is. The nest is on an incline of about 25°, but it may be on a flatter shelf. I may try to trap this pair. Walked around Trinidad head. Good view of ocean islands - lots of gulls, murres, cormorants, sea lions. (Pelagic Cormorant and Double-crested Cormorant). Some Western gulls are nesting on Trinidad Head itself. Saw an adult carrying nesting material. On western side found a gull nest & pair on a cliff. From my position I could look down into the nest 3 eggs visible. Many, (>100)

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FIELD NOTES DOUG BELL DATE: JUNE 1, 1985 LOCATION: TRINIDAD HEAD - cont. pairs visible on western, ocean island. This island would be difficult to visit as it is very steep. Lots of Western Gulls though. On Trinidad head there were very numerous: Rufous-Hummingbirds, American Goldfinches, Brown-headed Cowbirds (parasitize the Goldfinches ?), Barn Swallows, Wrentits. Also saw one Purple Finch, and one non-descript, uniform greyish small flycatcher. Small flocks, of up to 12-15 gulls, cruised past in formation - these are somewhat composed of imm. birds. The imm. seem to be hanging out to- gether, whereas the adults are just in pairs. On beach at Trinidad Harbor - placed trap over dead fish that the gulls had been feeding on. On female Western Gull - who had had possession of the fish, continued to chase chase other birds away from the trap. But she was too cautious to go in - kept avoiding the screen front w/ chute, more-so than other parts of trap. While this bird looked to be a "good" Western Gull, another had grey outer primaries that were barely darker than its' mantle. Most birds of these parts were Western, but some grey influence in individuals evident (i.e.: some birds tend to Glaucous-winged appearance).

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FIELD NOTES DOUG BELL DATE: JUNE 1, 1985 LOCATION: CRESCENT CITY, Calif. Del Norte Co. WEATHER: Clearing TIME: 19:00 - 20:00 Many gulls in harbor and along crescent beach of bay. At least half are imm. No real nesting sites in bay, except for one island and an old pier. The old pier harbors some resting immatures, paired, but non-nesting adults (?!), pigeons and Belted Kingfishers. Of one non-nesting adult pair, their wing-tips were lighter than those of a good Western Gull. At about 19:40 all gulls along beach of bay (~200 birds) took off and headed west - towards off-shore isles and up the coast. Camped overnight at Patrick Creek Camp in Six Rivers National Forest, along the Smith River, about 12 mi. up from Gasquet, CA. JUNE 2, 1985 Drove to Portland, Ore. Stayed in Motel 6 on Highway 26 in Portland. JUNE 3, 1985 In the morning met Geoff Dorsey @ Fish & Wildlife Branch of Army Corps of Engineers in Portland Office. Huge blond fellow. We discussed seabird colonies along Columbia River. For most islands he suggested using 14' skiff with 10-12 hp motor. For East Sand Island he suggested I go to Chinook, WA harbor. Klaus Richter has worked on these birds.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell DATE: JUNE 3, 1985 LOCATION: EAST SAND ISLAND, Mouth of Columbia River (Baker Bay), Oregon. Approachable from Chinook, WA. HABITAT: Island ca. 44 ha. in size, about 1800 m long, 260m wide at narrowest point. East & West ends broadened, middle narrow. East end has dredgings spread over it but grasses have taken over cover. Soil here muddy. Elsewhere the island consists of sand hillocks covered in dense, but low grasses, herbs. Much driftwood about. North side intertidal marsh. other sides sandy beaches Arrived in Chinook, WA @ 15:00. Asked for boat rides. Arranged to meet LES CLARK @ docks at 16:30. He said he could take me out in his Gill-netter to the downriver Sand I. - turns out, this was the wrong I. So we tried landing on the upriver (East Sand) Island. The northern shore first, then the eastern. Each time we got within a few yards of the shore - it was too shallow to go further (<1m deep). We could have landed directly on the north shore had we had 2 more feet of tide (this is the area of marsh embankments and old pier. We had to go back to Chinook and get a skiff & hip-boots. Returned to east beach. Les dropped anchor, let the boat drift in. I hopped out into water, loaded skiff, and pushed it in. 3 trips with skiff we necessary to get the skiff in. Caspian tern colony (~1000 birds) was very upset, whirled around as I landed. Much rain the whole time. Soaking wet. I lugged my camping gear ~½ mile to the middle portion of the island. Set up tent near group of small pines.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell DATE: JUNE 4, 1985 LOCATION: EAST SAND ISLAND, NORTH (COLUMBIA RIVER, (BAKER BAY), OREGON. Up about 8:00 AM - it rained all night and continues to drizzle a bit. Some intermittent clearing. Spent late morning surveying area around camp and the eastern end of island. Checking for gull nests and possible trap sites. In the area just west of camp - natural sandy soil covered in short gresses and drift wood - an area about 1/2 size of a football field, found following nests: # Eggs Present No. of Nests 0 8 1 3 2 4 3 30 In eastern dredge-spill area, and on beach, found following: # Eggs Present # of Nests 0 0 1 0 2 1 3 6 13:00 - onwards. Setting out traps. Weather has turned sunny. One trap on beach pair near gear, one trap on 3-egg nest in spill-dredge area. No luck though. I would check one trap, then the other. Each time my approach would be announced by all birds in area. Gulls had either time to walk out of trap before I got to it. Tried trapping in area just west of camp. This worked better - could hide and "rush" trap. Caught a male gull ([#948 018]) at about 16:00. Could not tell what type of mate it had. This bird died while wrapped and waiting for processing. Left the beach trap out, and the trap over the nest of 018. Am trying to catch its mate. Waited till

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell LOCATION: East Sano Island, mouth of Columbia DATE: JUNE 5, 1985 River (Baker Bay, WA), OREGON June 4- cont: dark (23:00 hrs) and went with flashlight to traps. Gulls flew up from colony , even though it's a dark, overcast night. Traps were empty when I arrived, though June 5, Since I'll be picked up at 15:00 by Les, I'm concentrating on trapping near camp (area just east of it) This is where I cought 018 bird. Set trap out on 3 egg nest. Both mates of this pair appear similar; wing tips slightly darker than mantle, red eye rings. Caught the female (019). Could not catch the mate. Set both traps out on other 3 egg nests. Birds of one nest did not go in, female sat next to trap and "incubated" next to nest. Caught a female (020). Mated to bird of same appearance: yellow eye-ring darker mantle and wing tips darker than mantle. Looks like a good "Western Gull". Took eggs of this pair (DRO 020 A-B-C). My general impression of this island colony is that it is very mixed in regards to gull types. Appears to be about 1/2 and 1/2: Western type and Glaucous-munged types. But it also seems as if every degree of variation in between can be found - birds with light grey backs = primaries, those with light mantles + dark, or black primaries, those with dark mantlos and black primaries. Very mixed up. Does not seem that the birds are mating assortively either.

FIELD NOTES Doug Bell DATE: JUNE 5, 1985 LOCATION: East Sand Island, mouth of Columbia River (Baker Bay, WA) Oregon. Other birds observed: Cormorants (Pelagic?), Greater Scaup (large rafts), Mallard (pairs), Canadian Geese (6), Bald Eagle - ad., seen sitting on piling in Baker Bay, drying it's wings cormorant style. Watched it sit for about 6 min., it then lumbered off- only to be dive-bombed by 2 Caspian Terns. Bonaparti's Gull (flock of 25) seen upriver. Song Sparrows (few) on island - in pines. Barn Swallow nest w/eggs in small cement "pill box". Carrion Crow - pair with fledglings (simple) in pines. Adults cawed me constantly. Les picked me up from island at 15:00. Picked up at east shore - went well, with using skiff & hip-boots. Tide near high. 16:00 -> onwards Preparing the 2 birds I caught, brought them with off the island live. Spent night at City Center Motel, Ilwaco. Raining hard. [illegible]

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell June 6, 1985 Location: Variable; Oregon & Washington June 7, 1985 Drove from Ilwaco, WA. back to Astoria Oregon for money & gas. Stopped at Fort Columbia. Then called Willapa Natl. Wildlife Refuge. Headed back through Ilwaco, went to Lighthouse at [illegible] North Head. Raining, no pouring Windy. Then on to Willapa Nat. Wild. Refuge Headquarters. Missed it though, went by mistake to point Leadbetter. Finally made it to Refuge. (16:15). Ulrich Wilson not in, but waited for his return. Met him at 19:30. Discussed plans. He suggested I contact Steve Speich - as this group will be going out to the islands in Willapa Bay. Spent night (raining) at motel in South Bend, WA. June 7, 1985. Drove to Olympia. Met Steve Speich and Steve Jeffries at Marine Mammal Headquarters (on 47th St - at Bay, off of East Bay Drive). Made numerous contacts. Went to Port of Olympia to trap Gulls. Got permission from Mr. Jim Jackson. 17:00 - at Port of Olympia - trapping in field of dredgings behind the port log stacks. Behind Marina. A portion of this marina is new, yet to be filled. 3 gull nests on piling here. In dredge field there are about 15 pairs of gulls. Most birds here resemble more the "Glaucous-winged". But variation exists. Of 28 birds in dredge field, 20 have lt. grey mantles = grey of wing tips, 5 have grey of mantle lighter than tips, and 3 have very dark wing-tips (relative to classic Glaucous-wings. These 3 birds are paired with normal gulls.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell June 7, 1985 Location: PORT OF OLYMPIA, OLYMPIA, WA. WEATHER: rainy at first, clearing. TIME: 1700 - 18:30 Set out 2 traps, one on 3-egg nest, one on 1-egg nest. Birds went into both (this is the dredge-fill area) (behind the log stocks and marina). Ran out, caught only the closer bird (DAB 022 - ?). Reset trap. After about 1/2 hour, its mate went into the trap (DAB 023 - ?). Took the 3 egg clutch (DAB 021 - A-B-C). Both birds similar in eye-ring, legs, mantle & wing tips. Other areas gulls nest in Port of Olympia are: old yellow warehouse roof, on some gravel areas amongst log piles. Across harbor (westward side) on old pier and small grassy knoll-like island; big flat bunys in harbor. Also found Killdeer Nest 4/4 eggs, saw an adult Killdeer with one fledgling. Water Pipits (?) in grassy areas around marina. Spent evening with Steve Speerch at home. Stayed in Motel, few mi. N. of Olympia. Prepared Birds.

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FIELD NOTES DOUG BELL DATE: JUNE 8, 1985 LOCATION: Port of Olympia, Olympia, WA. TIME: 13:00 -- Spent first few hours finishing birds and getting caught up on correspondence, field notes. TIME: 17:00 - set trap out over 3 egg clutch in dredge-spill 18:00 field between log stacks and marina. Gulls alarmed at my approach. Settled back down - but they are cautious. Most birds just standing around, not even desperate to sit on nests. Very warm (70's), sunny. Paired birds showing choke displays, food begging & transfers (one seen - shrimp?). Two males squared off with uprights, whereupon an incubating female jumped off her nest and ran over to her mate - giving beg call & head toss. Males broke off, went to respective mates. Both mates gave begging calls & movements. (Group stimulation). Two other males seen fighting. Actual bill to bill grappling with wing beatings and foot pushing and kicking. Each bird tried to grab and subdue to the other's bill. One bird had the upper hand and seemed to hold the other's bill, sometimes the head, almost the whole time. The underdog kept trying to jump up, hit back with wings and push off with feet. If he did occasss? occasionally get his opponents bill, it was not for more than a few seconds. But he kept trying. The two birds were locked bill to bill for over 4 min. Underdog finally broke away and flew off, with pursuer. Winner ret circled, returned to spot. No real after reactions, other than erect standing and looking around. Looser may have also returned. An imm. Red-Tail flew over colony. Great

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Doug Bell June 8, 1985 Field Notes Location: Port of Olympia, WA. 17:30 - 18:30 alarm. Gulls all flew off. Some pursued & dive-bombed hawks, along with crows. Persistent chasing. At the spot where the intense fight erupted, three birds are check, choking and giving the [a] mew call - sounds like high-pitched mew - meew - meew. Two birds will then sit next to each other, face to face, then bill. Third bird sits off ca. 1 yd away, but either seems to be trying to join in with choking & meowing, or is threatening? The two close birds are also standing next to one another and furiously shaking their heads, pointed, or rather, slanted with body head down. Head movement is fore & aft. They do this over many areas. lots of walking around - deciding on nest spot? Also choking over territory. Pair w/3 eggs too wary of trap. Other pair copulating. 18:30 - 19:00 Switched trap to nest with 1 egg. Went over to marina to look around. While doing this, saw one of the gulls finally enter the trap. Drove back to the ditch, tried sneaking up & charging trap. Didn't work. This pair of birds is also too wary. The female on the nest ran out of the trap right away. Gave up trying to trap here. Drove around port - checking docks, etc. Scared a Pigeon Guillemot out from under one dock. It made a high-pitched wheezing sound.

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FIELD NOTES DOUG BELL JUNE 8, 1985 LOCATION: WEST BAY DRIVE, OLYMPIA, WA. HABITAT: Industrial, dikes, mud, piers. TIME: 19:00 - 21:00 Drove from Port of Olympia around bay to west side of bay. Set trap out over a 3 egg nest located on an old, meter-wide pier. This pier hosts about 15 gull nests and about 100 various- age gulls. A small grassy island near this pier supports about 8 pair. Both pier & island are across the bay from the main loading dock of Port of Olympia. The old pier which I'm trapping on also has two old boat docks, on which two Great-blue Herms are standing. A pair of Pigeon Guillemets also seems to be nesting here. Have also seen Mallards, Barn Owl, Starlings and Belted Kingfisher fly by. Robins, Varied Thrushes in neighborhood. Cedar Waxwings too! Trapping unsuccessful. Of about 30 birds, 2 had darker wing-tips than the others (these were not mated pair). Others fit "Glauca-winged" mold. Of three nests observed on the section of pier, 2 nests had 3 eggs each; one nest 1 egg.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell June 9, 1985 LOCATION: West Bay Drive, old dock & pier next to small island. across from port of Olympia. Olympia, WA. TIME: 14:00 - 15:30 Talked to Steve Speich this morning. Now trapping on old pier again. Set trap over different 3-egg nest from yesterday. After an hour still no luck, moved entrance to trap around. Birds refused to go in. Set second trap over the 1-egg nest. A bird went in almost immediately, but ran out when I rustled. Tried again-same thing. This bird is desperate to get into nest though. Moved entrance of trap around towards my direction. This time it worked - caught the bird - a ♀ (PB 024) - she has an egg in her clutch! Osprey flew over while trapping

Field Notes 6/10 Nest 1 A 82 B 86 C 84 Nest 2 A 77 B 88 C 87 St. Regis Blind, Port of Tacoma, WA - 9:38 Trapping on rooftop of Pulp Plant. Set trap out over 3-egg clutch in corner where one bird is banded and trap over another 3-egg clutch. The roof is completely littered with debris that the gulls have [sic] brought up. Thousands of bones - mostly chicken. Next to one nest found rooster head, another had her 3 week chicks. This had a 44 with pigeon back & wing, little bones too. Gulls on some exposed nests (to sun, etc) are hyperventilating. Fish food transfer 9:45 caught one bird - it threw up spaghetti when foot & garbage. DAB 026 10:30 - moved thru trap to 3 egg nest. Another pigeon found. DAB 028 11:00 - Caught another bird. Threw up chicken wings. Of 18 birds checked, 15 had primary tips darker than mantle - the tips are blot dark - darker in general than the Olympic birds. The first pair I found trapping both have wing tips darker than mantle - the F has then only slightly darker, the male (which is USFWS banded) more so.

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FIELD NOTES DOUG BELL JUNE 12, 1985 LOCATION: PIER 91, BUILDING 48, PORT OF SEATTLE, SEATTLE, WA. HABITAT: Port, Industry, Harbor. Port has large warehouses, upon which gull colonies are located - (colonies atop (at least) buildings 47, 48, 38. Roof tops are quite open, have little opportunity for shade, large open dock and loading areas for cars. TIME: 14:30 - 15:15 Set trap out over 3-egg clutch atop building 48. DAB-031-A-B-C Due to sensitive nature of area, and possibility of being observed, I did not survey the whole roof top. But there are maybe 20-30 nests up here. Caught WDAB-030 a light-primaried bird. Mate same. Looks like about 1/2 of the birds observed here (8 out of 16) have primary tips slightly darker than mantle. Other half have tips = mantle blue.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell June 13, 1985 LOCATION: Protection Island (approached from Walla Walla (Jefferson Co., WA) College's Marine Station @ Anacortes), WA. HABITAT: Substantial island - eastern spit ~ 40 acres - sandy soil, grass, driftwood - near sea level. Table bluffs w/sand banks - high grassy hills & pine forest. TIME: 14:00 - 18:00 WEATHER: Lt. overcast, some drizzle (mist) but clearing. Dale Lent is manager of Marine Station. Met Charlie Amoloner & Joe Galusha at Marine Station. Went out on boat w/ Jim Nesser, Doug (18' Boston Whaler, w/ 90 hp outboard) to Protection Island. Met Nigel Ball and Robert Opps wife: Maggie, daughter Hazel. Went to east sandy spit. Helped Jim set up speakers at blind. Lots of gulls - 11,000 total on island. 4-5,000 out foraging at any time. Primary tips vary from lt. grey (= Mantel) to darker grey to almost black (seen in a few birds). Saw at least 3 pairs where one bird had dark or blackish primary tips and its mate had grey tips. Other birds: Carrion Crows (American & Northwest) Caspian Tern (1) Pigeon Guillemots (nesting in rocks of harbor entrance). Savannah Sparrows (3) - yellow lores, pink legs striped head, spotted breast, raspy twitter Oystercatchers - 5 birds - 2 doing a head down bill-open side-by-side run. Voice quick stacatto Barn Swallows Violet Green Swallows Song Sparrows Cassin's Auklet Burrows in bluff cliffs. Pelagic Cormorant Raven

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell JUNE 13, 1985 LOCATION: PROTECTION ISLAND, WA. (Jefferson (o.) Ring-necked Pheasants, Starlings, Double-crested cormorant, Willow Flycatcher, Amer. Goldfinch, Brown-headed Cowbirds, Rufous-sided Towhee, Marsh Hawk (?) Walked around island. Gulls nesting even on sand bluffs, cliff. Met John the caretaker. On so side of island - respectable gull colony, Pelagic & Double-crested Cormorants nesting on sandy cliff. Saw a WHITE GULL that the caretaker John had mentioned. It was sitting atop a shack on stilts at, or in the gull colony up on the bluffs & along the road, (So side). Only saw the gull for a second - looked like a damn pigeon! Grabbed my camera - but when I looked up it was gone. Nigel Ball did say this bird has a white mantle, black-tipped primaries and a spot of black on the tail. Supposedly this bird has been around a couple years. 19:30 - 21:00 - With Nigel & Doug in "spit" colony (the spit on eastern end-harbor, etc) trying to trap. Nigel pointed out some very dark-mantled birds in the colony - two of them, with very black primary tips. On ride home we scared up a Nighthawk. There is a Bald-Eagle nest near our trailer. It was successful last year - but failed this spring

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell June 14, 1985 LOCATION: Protection Island, WA. (Jefferson Co.) TIME: 8:00 - 12:00 Trapping gulls on plateau colony - up on bluffs and along road near cabins on south side. Caught ♀ (032) off 2-egg clutch. Mate (♂) looked similar - would not go in trap. Caught a (♂) 034 on a 2-egg clutch in another trap at the same time. Mate unknown. Caught a ♀ (036) off a 1-egg clutch. Mate unknown. Saw a pair of Harlequin Ducks on way back to mainland. LOCATION: Deception Pass, WA. [Strikethrough text] June 15, 1985 (Skagit Co.) to and thru San Juan Islands (San Juan Co.) WA. WEATHER: Clear, sunny, warm. Underway with Robert Opp and Jim Nessler in the 18' Boston Whaler for a tour of the San Juan Islands. We headed due west out of Deception Pass to Colville Island, located off the south-east end of Lopez Island. Colville I. is a former study site of Walla Walla's. Colville [illegible] is a relatively small island, ca 500 yds x 200 yds. Very steep, rock sides which make landing difficult without special preparations. The islands hosts maybe 1000 gulls. Pelagic Cormorants were also nesting on it. We then headed around the SE end of Lopez Island. Near Pt. Colville saw feeding flocks of Glaucous-winged Gulls, Sabine's Gulls, Pigeon Guillemots, Pelagic Cormorants and Cassin's Auklets. In Watmough Bay (Lopez Island) we observed an imm. Golden

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell June 15, 1985 Location: San Juan Islands. San Juan Co., WA. Eagle flying across the bay. It perched on a snag, allowing our close approach by boat. We then headed thru Lopez Pass to Lopez Sound, landed on State Park at Frost Island. Then went by boat again around Frost I., landing at Spencer Spit. Short walk (Killdeers, Crows). Back into boat, short rest for lunch while floating near Flower Island. This island is a very small rock - hosts ca. 100 Glaucus-winged gulls and a smattering of Pigeon Guillemots. From Flower I. we then went around north end of Lopez I., thru Harney Channel (to our south - Shaw I.; to our north - Orcas I.), West Sound, Pole Pass (between Orcas I. & Crane I.), almost into Deer Harbor (thinking it was Friday Harbor), then west to San Juan Channel and south to Friday Harbor (on San Juan I.). Robert said Friday Harbor has expanded since he was last there -- and it has! The marina is large, hundreds of boats, even seaplanes. Lots of tourism. We stopped at Friday Harbor to eat & refuel. Much building activity. Ran into Nigel & Maggie, who had gone there by ferry. After Friday Harbor we cut a straight path thru Upright Channel, Thatcher Pass and on into Rosario Strait. In the middle of the strait, due east of south end of Deatur I., we visited Bird Rocks. These were a group of a few small rocks - inhabited by about a few hundred Glaucus-winged Gulls. Brandt's (Cormorants') nests on this rock were inactive (6 nests?). Then on to Williamson Rocks, in Rosario Strait due West of Langley Point (nr. Deception Pass). Also ca. 300 gulls on these small rocks.

FIELD NOTES DOUG BELL JUNE 30, 1985 LOCATION: ALCATRAZ ISLAND, SAN FRANCISCO BAY, CALIF. WEATHER: Clear, sunny. Wind ~10-15 mph. TIME: 12:00 - 16:00 Maren and I did a general survey of the island. Disturbance of the birds is very high - gull chicks of all ages from < 1 week old to about 4 weeks of age are present all over the island. It appears that most chicks are about 1/3 gull-size, and can run quite well upon our approach. The cistern-area has the most advanced chicks, with birds being 1/2 - 3/4 gull size. Atop the industry building I counted at least 38 chicks, with one or two birds still possibly incubating. 3 nest in the rubble area and along the walkway by the Power House had eggs (2-3). 2 nests on the Parade Grounds also had either incubating or brooding adults on them. Collected 2 [illegible] dwarf eggs from the nest that we had at first (4 weeks ago) thought was a Heerman's Gull. These eggs are definitely from a Western Gull's nest. Also collected a single egg from a nest that had two 3-4 week old chicks in it. Picked up 2 dead gulls too. One 038 was smelling quite rotten and was infested with maggots, the other 037 was fairly dried out and must have been dead for quite a while. All the above eggs & birds collected were found along the western perimeter south of Industry Building. Other birds: 1 Heerman's Gull on I.B, 3 Heerman's flying. Brancher Black-crowned Night Herons (2 adults, 3 juv. (separate nests). Barn Swallows, fledgling House Finch, House Finch nest w/eggs, Annas Hummingbirds, White-crowned Sparrows - singing. Least Turn seen on boat ride over to S.F. Juv & Sub-adults West & Calif. Gulls @ Aquatic Park, S.F.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell July 3, 1985 LOCATION: Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Co., Calif WEATHER: warm, sunny, light wind. TIME: 10:00 AM - 14:00 With Bob Jones trapping gulls. Surveyed cistern and Industry Building areas. No noticeable changes from 7/1. Gulls easily disturbed. Went to Parade Grounds and searched for nests with eggs. Found 3 nests— one with 3 eggs and 2 with 2 eggs each. Chicks were present overall— found one nest with chicks < 1 wk. old. Other chicks ranged from 2-6 weeks in age. Set trap out over 3 egg clutch. Observed pair (both good Western's) cautiously walk around trap—one almost went in, but stopped in doorway. Nibbled trap with bill. The two birds stood near the trap for about 1 hour. Then one bird hopped up on top— sat down on roof of trap—as if “incubating”. I re-centered the trap over nest, positioning nest closer to doorway. About 20 min. later one bird went in. Caught it (DAB 040-δ). We also picked up one dead adult (DAB 041) and one dead chick (DAB 042). Parade Grounds Saw an adult breeding plumage Glaucous-winged. Observed it clearly—it circled over parade grounds and main building a couple times. It had wing tips that were only slightly darker than the mantle.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell July 5, 1985 Location: Sugarloaf Rock (on beach just ashore from this rock), Cape Mendocino, Humboldt Co., California. WEATHER: low fog, but clearing. TIME: 14:00 -> sunset Maren and I obtained permission from the property owner: Mr. Joe Russ, Ocean View Ranch, Ferndale, CA. 95536, to go on to his land west of the road and head for the beach just east of Sugarloaf Rock. Hordes of Cliff Swallows nesting under the bridge at the highway. Barn Swallows, Brewers Blackbirds, Northern Orioles at Joe Russ's house & ranch yard (Ocean House on top map). House finches, Am. Goldfinches, White-crowned Sparrows on hillsides behind beach. Lots of gulls waiting about. On Sugarloaf Rock: Western Gulls (hundreds), Cormorants, Pigeon Guillemots abound. Strangely enough, no Puffins were seen. I positioned myself on the beach just south of Sugarloaf Rock, 410 using #9 skeet loads. No gulls flew within range in over an hour. I noticed the gulls kept flying to the mouth of the creek to rest & bathe. So I went down there. This creek outflow is ca. 1 mi. south of Sugarloaf Rock. The gulls seem to search it out for a preferred water source. After a couple misses, I managed to ding a very small ad. ? in the wing (048 043). She dropped into the surf - I was able to grab her only after going in up to my waist. Spent the late afternoon preparing this bird. We ate at the Yellow Rose in Petrolia. Camped on level ground just behind the beach SE of Sugarloaf Rock (ca. 1/2 mi. away from the rock). Lots of Turkey Vultures & Red-tails out here.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell July 6, 1985 Location: Sugarloaf Rock, Cape Mendocino, Humboldt Co., CA Time: Sunrise -> 13:00 Woke up late. Out of camp by 8:30 am. I headed with gun directly to creek mouth, where ca. 20 gulls were resting. Low tide. As these birds took off they drifted over my position. A couple shots didn't bring any birds down, although I think some were indeed peppered. Soon about 20 more birds drifted in. Took another shot at one which I thought was an adult. Hit it - it opened its bill, but did not emit any noise, flew startled first away, then back across my path. Second shot hit it again, but the gull flew on almost 100 yards out into the surf, lost sight of it, but soon saw a dead gull, belly up, floating in surf. Had to skip across 100 yards of low exposed rock to get to the surf and retrieve the bird - a gull (J-DAB044) in probably its last year of sub-ad. plumage. Bright yellow bill w/red spot, slight black on tail, some brownish-grey on mantle. No brood patches. Prepared this bird. 13:00 -> 17:00 Mareen and I drove thru Petrolia, Ettersburg on way to Shelter Cove. Shelter Cove was a real letdown. Too many people, campers, airplanes, boats and subdivision style roads criss-crossing the mountains.. Shelter Cove itself is beautiful. lots of imm. A sub-adult gull hanging around the cove. No breeding sites, though. On drive back up the western side of Kings Range we saw a Purple Martin. Very nice views as it sallied about a canyon.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell July 26, 1985 LOCATION: ALCATRAZ ISLAND, San Francisco Co., Calif. WEATHER: Warm, sunny. Light wind. With Bob Jones collecting dead gulls on the island. Disturbance level of adults still very high. Majority of chicks are 3/4-grown to fledged. Some nests have ca. 2-3 week-old chicks, but these are isolated cases. Lots of fledged young resting on shore and in water of northeast side (point) of the island. Rough numbers of chicks are as follows (includes fledged birds in water): Powerhouse: 10 West slope of Island (next to 69 Cistern: 45 Industry Building) Industry Building: 32 Barker Beach Cliffs 14 North-east point + water: 82 Parade Grounds 48 Rubble area + cliffs west of Parade Grounds: 25 Cell House Roof: 27 Dormatory: 15 Did not see any Glaucous-winged Gull this time. One Heerman's Gull sighted flying past the west shore.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell Aug. 3, 1985 LOCATION: Sailed from Pt. Richmond to the Farallone Islands and back (S.F. Co.), Calif. WEATHER: Morning clear & sunny; afternoon foggy. Wind picking up towards afternoon, 8 mph. Went to South-East Farallon Island to pick up gulls that PRBO was saving for me. Teya McElroy and Jay were along. Harry Carter was on the island doing the collecting for me. He collected 20 birds - those without labels were picked up freshly expired at one of the "botulism" springs between 25-30 July 1985; and those with labels were picked up at the same spring on given date listed. Birds with slit throats were picked up live, bled, and sacrificed. Harry also sexed the birds, and took one leg from each one for another investigator. Unfortunately, he did not label his birds! I was able to go onto S.E. Farallon. Lots of gulls still on nesting territories. About 3/4 of the young gulls are that are still on territory are nearly fledged, other 1/4 of young vary in age from 3 weeks to fledging. Pelagic & Double-crested cormorants abound. Calif. sea lions & Elephant seals on many rocks One Northern Fur seal spotted. Pelagic birds seen during trip: Lunda cirrhata Tufed Puffin (1) Cephus columba Pigeon Guillemot: scattered birds Uria aulge Common Murre: Most in adult-fledgling pairs, scattered pairs out on open sea. Puffinus griseus Sooty Shearwater: large foraging flocks (>= 200 birds) seen on approach to Golden Gate. Easily >1000 birds seen. Brown Pelican: flocks of ~ 20 seen around Cliff House.

Field Notes Doug Bell Aug. 22, 1985 LOCATION: Tomales Point, Point Reyes Peninsula, Marin Co., Calif. WEATHER: Sunny, warm. TIME: 11:30 - 14:00 With Bob Jones on beach just north of McClure's Beach - we're walking the beach with 410 and 16 Gauge guns. Looking to collect adult gulls. Slim pickens though. Very few birds flying by, and when they do, they are decidedly out of range. Only a few juveniles pass within "spitting" range. Needless to say, we did not shoot these. We shot at a total of 3 adults, but did not bring them down. This beach was covered with tracks of racoon, fox, skunk. Also appears to be a good resting spot for Brown Pelicans, as their tracks were all over the place. We saw multiple flocks of >20 birds/flock of Brown Pelicans. Perhaps +200 birds in all. These flocks were 90% immature! May also have seen a gliding Peregrine. Also went to the West Marin Sanitary Landfill, owned by Elmer Martinelli (sons Lee Roy & Stan), hm. 663-8519, dump 663-1145. Lots of gulls, but we could [not] get ahold of Elmer to obtain permission to shoot. The dump is about 1/4 mile N. of Point Reyes Station, on Hgwy 1.

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Field Notes Doug Bell Aug. 23, 1985 Location: West Marin Sanitary Landfill, 1/4 mi. N. Pt. Reyes Station, Marin Co., Calif Time: 12:00- 13:30 Weather: Hot, sunny. Obtained permission to shoot gulls. Only about 30 birds were mulling about the dump. Approached the birds up a dump-slope. As they flew I fired the 410 aux. 38, completely missed one bird. Then shot a 410 cartridge, dropped one adult. Fired again, missed. After that, there were no more birds left hanging around. We waited at the dump for 1 1/2 hours, but the few birds that struggled in were, and remained, up too high. Got only one more shot at a bird, which I missed. Afterwards, we drove up Tomales Bay. Out on the Bay there were large numbers of gulls moving north. It was high tide, and most birds were out on the open water. Large numbers of gulls and egrets were resting on marshland just west of where Hwy 1 bends inland towards Tomales and along the slough.

Species: Larus occidentalis Location: Alcatraz Island, SF Co., CA. 004 Wt. 995 g Skel. date: 15 May 1985 Sex: Lt Wing Winglength: 39.6cm (worn) Left Wingchord: Primary length: 10: 27.7 cm 9: 28.0cm (28) 8: 28.0cm (27) 7: 26.2 cm 6: 24.9 cm 5: 22.8 Tail length: 14.8 cm Tarsus: 5.99cm (left) Middle Toe: 5.78 Inner Toe: 4.32 Outer Toe: 5.68 Hallux: 0.57cm Head Length: 12.20 Bill Length: 5.21 cm

D. A. Bell 1986 Catalogue #067-121

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Doug Bell 1986 Catalogue 5 May 1986 Alcatraz Island, S.F. Co., Calif. 172388 SKELETON 067 Lft. wing ♂ Larus occidentalis. Eye-ring, bill deep yellow. Legs pale pink. Irides - pearl w/ magenta flecking ventrally [illegible] light flecking - dark brownish. Adult plumage, except for tail - 12 largely white rectrices except for darkish quills over proximal 2/3 (9 quills). One rectrix has dark over long. half of barbs. Wing chord: 132.7mm WT. 1,040gms. Protruding keel, very little meat on synsacrum. Stomach: 2 pinchers of an invert. Collected by hand - has broken wrist. No broad patches. Rt. T: 16.0 x 11.5 x 10.0 mm L. T: 16.0 x 9.5 x 9.0mm - Tissues taken: MLHK. 30 May 1986 - Alcatraz I., SF. Bay CA 172389 068 ♀ Larus occidentalis WT = 972g (1,090-) 118gms clt Wing: 37.4, P° 10: 27.2 9: 27.8 8: 27.4 7: 26.5 6: 24.9 5: 23.1 Tail: 14.9 Tarsus: 6.24 cm Bill: 4.6gms 1.94; ant. Nares: 1.99 Post Nares: 1.92, Eulmen 5.27 Bell width 1.36 Head 11.95 - legs: Vinaceous (No 5) Bill: Orange yellow .(17) Eye ring: Orange yellow 17, Irides: Sulphur yellow Tissues: LHK 3 Pictures: 2 heads, 1 body, 3 broad patches, Mate of 069 Stomach empty. Left ovary: 19ova > 3mm & 172390 069 ♂ Larus occidentalis WT. 1150 gms SKELETON + L Wing L Wing: P° 10 - 29.4 9 - 29.8 8 - 29.2 7 - 27.4 6 - 25.7 5 - 22.8 Wing: 43.2 Tail: 16.4 Tarsus 6.39 Bill: Culmen: 6.385 Width: 1595 Gonyx: 2.16 ant N: 2.255 Post N: 2.28 Head: 13.37 Mate of 068. Legs: vinaceous [5], Bill & Eye-ring: Orange yellow (17) Irides: Sulphur yellow Tissues: LHKM Trapped off 3 egg nest. Testies: L: 1.5 x 1.2 x .8 mm R: 1.55 x 1.0 x .8 mm Stomach - fish ribs & vertebrae, otherwise empty.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172295 072 SKELETON + Left Wing. Species: Larus occidentalis Adult location: Sugarloaf Rock, Humboldt Co., CA. at Cape Mendocino date: June 4 1986 sex: ♀ weight: 1125g heavy fat wing length left: 40.0 cm primary length: #10: 28.5 cm 9: 28.7 cm 8: 28.2 cm 7: 26.3 cm 6: 24.4 cm 5: 22.4 cm tail length: 15.7 cm tarsus: 6.1 cm Left middle toe: 5.75 cm head length: 12.45 cm bill length: 5.6 cm " post. n.: 3.63 cm bill width: 1.32 cm bill depth: " gouys: 2.13 cm " ant. u.: 1.96 cm " post. n.: 1.85 cm lored patches: 3 bill + eye ring col: orange! yellow #18 irides: straw yellow # 56 hardly any, sparse pigment burnt mbr (23) leg: flesh pink #5 Remarks: left ovary w/ipes, 3mm Φ Stomach: fresh fish scales & ribs, vertebrae (small).

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172296 073 (071) Species: Larus occidentalis, Adult. at Cape Mendocino Location: Sugarloaf Rock, Humboldt Co., CA. SKEL + RT WING date: June 4th 1986 sex: ♀ left ovary? many small ova. weight: 960g moderate fat. wing length: 38.1 cm primary length: #10: 27.4 cm 9: 27.2 cm 8: 27.0 cm 7: 25.8 cm 6: 24.3 cm 5: 21.4 cm tail length: 15.2 cm tarsus: 5.80cm Rt middle toe: 5.75 mm head length: bill length: 5.43 cm " post u.: 3.40cm bill width: 1.21 cm " depth gours: 1.95 cm " aut m.: 1.93 cm " post m.: 1.85 cm brood patches: - ? bill + eye ring color: orange / yellow #18 irides color: straw yellow #56 w/burnt umber over lower half (23) moderate leg color: flesh pink #5 remarks: stomach contents: small fish ribs, scales.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172297 074 SKEL + RT WING Species: Larus occidentalis Adult at Cape Mendocino Location: Sugar Loaf Rock, Humboldt Co., CA. date: June 5 1986 sex: ♀ left ovary - many ova, but all < 1.5mm & weight: 1060g heavy fat wing length: 40.2 cm primary length #10: 27.9 cm 9: 28.2 cm 8: 27.5 cm 7: 25.6 cm 6: 24.0 cm 5: 23.1 cm tail length: 15.1 cm tarsus (right): 6.05 cm right mid.toe: 5.45cm head length: 12.02 cm bill " 5.71 cm " post.u.: 3.63 cm bill width: 1.31 cm bill depth gouys: 1.97 cm ant.u.: 1.93 cm post.u.: 1.82 cm brood patches: orange/yellow #18 bill + eyelid col: straw yellow #56 w/burnt amber,23 iris col: fleshy pink #5 even over lower leg col: half. Thin remarks: stomach muscle shells - preserved 3 brood patches at feathering ovary.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172298 075 SKEL + RT. WING Species: Larus occidentalis Adnet location: Sugarloaf Rock at Cape Mendocino, Humboldt Co., Ct. date: June 5 1986 sex: ♀ (huge ovary) 14 ove > 5mm b; 1 ovum 1cm q; 1 regressel ovum; large infidibulum. weight: 1040 g moderate fat wing length: (right) 39.4 cm primary length: #10 27.6 cm 9 28.2 cm 8 27.9 cm 7 26.7 cm 6 25.0 cm 5 23.5 cm tail length: 14.9 cm tarsus (right): 5.01 cm Right middle toe: 5.8 cm head length: 12.19 cm bill length: 5.71 cm " post.n.: 3.63 cm bill width: 1.25 cm bill depth goups: 2.00 cm ant.n.: 2.00 cm post.a: 1.80 cm brood patches: 3 bill and eyeriz col: orange/ yellow # 18 irides: straw yellows # 56 y/burnt unber 23 over lower third. Thin. leg: fleshy pink #5 remades: Stomach contents: small fish vertebrae (~3x2.5mm) + fish ribs.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172299 076 Larus occidentalis ♂ SKELETON + at Cape Mendocino June 5 1986, Sugarloaf Rock, Humboldt Co., CA LFT WING wt (wet): 1500g, heavy fat 3 brood patches wing length: 43.4 cm primary length: #10- 29.4 cm #9 - 30.04 cm #8 - 30.05 cm #7 - 27.8 cm #6 - 26.0 cm #5 - 24.8 cm tail length: 16.4 cm right tarsus: 6.3 cm head length: 13.5 cm bill length: 6.36 cm bill length post. u.: 3.79 cm " width: 1.88 cm " depth gouys: 2.14 cm " ant. u.: 2.14 cm " post. u.: 2.06 cm Bird drifted dead in the water for 2 hrs before washed on the beach. left testicle: 1.8 x 1.3 x 1.3 cm Rt. testicle: 0.85 x 1.20 cm (after freezing) bills eyeing color: Orange yellow 18 Irides: straw yellow 56 w/ burntumber pigment evenly thin over lower half. Feet: Fleshly pink. 5 Remarks: stomach has some fish scales, ribs (shot- <2cm long + a few stones

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172300 077 Skeleton + Rt Wing Species: Larus occidentalis at Cape Mendocino Location: Sugarloaf Rock, Humbold Co., CA+ date: 5 June 1986 Sex: ? Left Testis: 1.7 x 1.6 x 1.4 Rf. T: 1.4 x 1.0 x 1.0 cm (Frozen) weight: 1250 g heavy fat wing length: (right): 42.6 cm primary length #10: 29.0cm " "#9: 30.02 cm #8: 28.7 cm #7: 27.0 cm #6: 25.05 cm #5: 23.5 cm tail length: 16.1 cm tarsus: right: 6.68 cm Left middle toe: 5.75 cm Right middle toe: 6.45 cm head length: 13.38 cm bill length: 6.16 cm " "post.u.: 4.0cm bill width: 1.33 cm " depth goughs: 2.22 cm " aut.u.: 2.17 cm " post.u.: 2.09 cm blood patches: 3 bill and eye ring color: orange yellow 18 trides color: straw yellow 56 w/thick burnt amber 23 over lower half leg color: fleshy pink 5 remarks: stomach - small fish ribs.

Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172301 078 SKELETON+LFT. WING Species: Larus occidentalis at Cape Mendocino location: Sugarloaf Rock, Humboldt Co., CA. date: 5 June 1986 Sex: ♀ Left ovary 4/5 ova >2mm weight: 1115 g Moderate Fat. wing length: right: 39.0 cm primary length: #10: 27.5 cm 9: 29.3 cm 8: 28.0 cm 7: 26.8 cm 6: 25.2 cm 5: 24.6 cm tail length: 15.2 cm artus: right: 5.92 cm Middle Lft. toe: 5.95 cm head length: 12.13 cm bill length: 5.50 cm " post. u.: 3.42 cm bill width: 1.23 cm " depth gonyx: 1.90 cm aut. u.: 1.85 cm post. u.: 1.86 cm brood patches: 3 bill and eye ring color: orange yellow 18 circles color: straw yellow 56 w/ burnt amber 23 pigment evenly over lower ½, thin. leg color: fleshy pink 5 remarks: One nearly complete Mus musculuz in esophagus; Mus ? fur & bones in stomach.

Dougla A Bell Catalog 172291 079 SKELETON + Left Wing Species: Larus occidentalis location: Mouth of the Little River, Humboldt Co., CA. 4km SE of Trinidad Head date: 8 June 1986 Sex: & f Left ovary: 15ova >1mm f. weight: 900g moderate fat wing length: (right) 38.0cm primary length: #10: 27.6cm 9: 27.9cm 8: 27.7cm 7: 26.2cm 6: 23.8cm 5: 22.6cm tail length: 15.0cm tarsus: left: 5.47 cm head length: 11.43cm bill length: 5.34 cm " port. m.: 3.35 cm bill width: 1.20cm " depth gonyx: 1.90 cm ant. m.: 1.85cm post. m.: 1.23cm brood patches: refathering bill and eyering color: orange/yellow # 18 irides color: strawyellow # flintlike pigment in lower half) leg color: fleshy pink #5% genuates: crop full of fish (anchovies) stomach: few very small fish bones.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172292 080 SKELETON + Left Wing. Species: Larus occidentalis location: Mouth of the Little River, Humboldt Co., CA 4 km SE of Trinidad Head date: June 8, 1986 sex: ♀ left ovary: 9ovs > 1mm Ø weight: 1000g heavy fat wing length: right: 40.7 cm primary length #10: 27.7 cm 9: 28.4 cm 8: 28.1 cm 7: 26.7 cm 6: 25.0cm 5: 22.8 cm tail length: 15.0 cm tarsus: right: 6.22 cm Left middle toe: 5.80 cm head length: 11.77 cm bill length: 5.23 cm "post. u.: 3.31 cm bill width: 1.22 cm bill depth groups: 2.06 cm "aut. u.: 2.02 cm " post. u.: 2.01 cm brood patches: 3 bill + eyering color: ? irides: leg: remakes: fish in the throat (small burning?)

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172261 081 Skeleton + Rt. Wing Species: Larus occidentalis location: Del Norte Co dump, Crescent City CA. Old Hill Rd date: June 10, 1986 sex: ♀ 7 ova > 2mm Φ weight: 930 g no fat wing length: left: 39.3 cm / right: 39.2 cm primary length 10: 27.3 cm Wing chord: 125.3 cm 9: 28.0 cm 8: 27.2 cm 7: 25.7 cm 6: 24.5 cm 5: 22.5 cm tail length: 14.3 cm tarsus: left: 6.05 cm L. Middle toe: 5.60 cm Inner Toe: 4.35 cm Outer toe: 4.35 cm Hallux: 0.59 cm 5.57 cm head length: 12.03 cm bill length: 5.04 cm " post. m.: 3.55 cm bille width: 1.32 cm bill depth gonyx: 2.06 cm ant. u.: 1.99 mm post. u.: 1.89 cm brood patches: 3 small bill + eye ring color: orange yellow Irides: straw yellow, very little pigment leg: fleshy pink remarks: breast molt. Stomach - small clumps of meally matter, small bones, rocks.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172262 082 SKEL. + RT. WING Species: Larus occidentalis Location: Del Norte Co. dump, Crescent City CA. Old Mill Road date: June 10, 1986 sex: J, left test. 1.6 x 1.0 x 0.9 cm weight: 1120g no fat wing length: right: 40.9 cm primary length: 10: 28.9 cm 9: 29.4 cm 8: 28.7 cm 7: 27.5 cm 6: broken 5: 23.6 cm tail length: 15.05 cm (only one complete feather / molt) tarsus: left: right: 6.22 cm R. Middle Toe: 6.15 cm Inner Toe: 4.49 cm Outer Toe: 5.75 cm Hallux: 0.45 cm head length: 12.85 cm bill length: 5.77 cm post. marks: 3.57 bill width: 1.36 cm bill depth gonyx: 2.12 cm Colmen uneven ant. m.: 2.11 cm post. m.: 2.22 cm broad patches: 3 bill + eye ring color: orange yellow inides: straw yellow very little pigment leg: fleshy pink Remarks: Stomach: 2 small crab pinchers, bundles fish ribs up to 7cm long, much shell shell matter. Stomach about 1/2 full. Some contents saved

Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172263 083 Skeleton + Rt. Wing Species: Larus occidentalis location: Del Norte Co. dump, CA. Grisent City, Old Hill Road date: June 10, 1986 sex: ♂ (left testicle) R.Test.: 1.30cm x 0.90 cm x 0.78 cm L.Test.: 1.40 cm x 0.94 cm x 0.85 cm weight: 10 1160g (light fat) wing length: right 43.3 cm primary length: 10: 29.7cm 9: 29.6cm 8: 28.3cm 7: 27.2 cm 6: 25.2cm 5: 23.8cm tail length: 16.2 cm tarsus: left: 6.37 cm L. Middle Toe: 6.04 cm Inner Toe: 4.36 cm Outer Toe: 5.91 cm Hallux: 0.51 cm head length: 12.81 cm bill length: 5.79 cm " post.u.: 3.48 cm bill width: 1.38 cm bill clepth groups: 2.14 cm aut.u.: 2.09 cm post.u.: 2.01 cm (thamphotheca peeling) brood patches: 3, small re feathering bill + eye ring color: orange irides: straw yellow pigment very light dispersed throughout) leg: fleshy pink. remarks: Stomach empty.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172264 084 Species: Larus occidentalis Skeleton + Left wing location: Del Norte Co. dump, CA. Crescent City, Old Hill Road date: June 10, 1986 sex: ? left ovary: 9 ova > 2mm? weight: 960g moderate fat wing length: 40.6 cm Wing chord: 132.2 cm primary length: 10: 28.4 cm 9: 28.7 cm 8: 27.9 cm 7: 26.7 cm 6: 24.8 cm 5: 22.9 cm tail length: 15.05 cm tarsus: right 6.18 cm Middle Toe: 5.82 cm Inner Toe: 4.34 cm Outer Toe: 5.62 cm Hallux: 0.50 cm head length: 11.84 cm bill length: 5.16 cm " post. u.: 3.32 cm bill width: 1.20 cm bill depth groups: 1.99 cm Ant. u.: 1.93 cm post.u.: 1.78 cm breed patches: 3 big bill + eye ring color: orange yellow Irides: no pigment straw yellow leg: fleshy pink remarks: breast molt.

Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172265 085 Species: Larus occidentalis : SKELETON location : Del Norte Co. dump Rt. Wing Crescent City, Ct., Old Hill Road date : June 10, 1986 sex : ♂ (left test. ~ 1.2mm Φ ) destroyed) Rt. Testis: 1.2cm x 0.90 x 0.70 cm weight: 1080g light fat. wing length: right 40.4 cm Wing chord: 133.5cm primary length: 10 : 27.2cm 9 : 28.5 cm 8 : 27.4 cm 7 : 26.5 cm 6 : 25.0 cm 5 : 23.4 cm tail length: 15.08 cm R. Middle Toe: 6.24cm Inner Toe: 4.54cm tarsus : right : 5.95 cm Outer Toe: 5.78 cm Hallux : 0.53 cm head length : 12.81 cm bill length : 5.95 cm " post. u.: 3.71 cm bill width : 1.36 cm bill depth:gouys : 2.22 cm " aut. u.: 2.15 cm " post u.: 2.07 cm brood patches: 3 bill + eye ring color: orangt yellow Irides: Straw yellow, moderate pigment in lower half leg: fleshy pink remarks: breast molt Stomach Empty.

Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172266 086 Skeleton + R. Wing. Species: Lams occidentalis location: Del Norte Co. dump Crescent City CA, Old Mill Road date: June 10, 1986 sex: ♀ left ovari ~35 ova >2mm Φ weight: 1010g heavy fat wing length: left 39.5 cm Wing chord: 130.4cm primary length: 10 : 27.4cm 9 : 28.2cm 8 : 27.7 cm 7 : 26.6 cm 6 : 24.1cm 5 : 22.7cm tail length: 15.08 cm tarsus: left: 6.50cm L.Middle Toe: 5.98 cm Inner Toe: 4.39cm Outer Toe: 5.89 cm Hallux: 0.50cm head length: 12.23 cm bill length: 5.63 cm bill length post.n.: 3.35 cm bill width: 1.36 cm bill depth gouys: 2.12 cm " aut.u.: 2.06 cm " post.u.: 1.91 cm blood patches: 3 bill + eye ring color: orange yellow irides: strawyellow, no pigment leg: fleshy pink remarks: breast molt Stomach: full with "fish fillet" + small fish ribs + small piece 8x8x3mm piece of clear sheet glass.

Catalog Douglas A Bell 172236 087 Species: Larus occidentalis Location: Coos Bay near Coos Head, Coos County, OREGON date: June 12, 1986 Sex: ♀ L. ovary w/ ~25 ova > 2 mm &. weight: 910 g heavy fat wing length: left: right: 40.02 cm primary length: 10: 28.4 cm 9: 29.0 cm 8: 28.3 cm 7: 27.0 cm 6: 25.04 cm 5: 23.3 cm tail length: 15.08 cm arsus: right: 5.50 cm rt. middle toe: 5.57 cm head length: 11.94 cm bill length: 5.68 cm " post. m.: 3.80 cm bill width: 1.21 cm bill depth groups: 1.93 cm " aut. m: 2.01 cm " post. m: 1.86 cm brood patches: 3 bill, eye ring color: orange yellow irides: very little pigment, straw yellow leg: fleshy pink remarks: tissue taken out 5 hrs after birds were shot, stored on ice. Stomach contained < 30 small fish vertebrae, small (2 mm)

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172237 088 Species: Larus occidentalis Skeleton + or Coos Head Rt.Wing Location: Coos Bay, Coos Co., Oregon. date: June 12, 1986 sex: J Lft. Test: 1.50 x 1.20 x 1.00 cm Rt. Test: 1.15 x 1.00 x 0.85 cm weight: 1250g light fat. wing length: right: 43.6 cm primary length: 10: 29.0cm 9: 29.8cm 8: 29.3cm 7: 28.0cm 6: 27.1 cm 5: 23.5 cm tail length: 17.7 cm RIGHT: Inner Toe: 4.49cm tarsus: right: 6.07 cm middle Toe: 6.18 cm Outer Toe: 5.93cm Hylax: 0.60 cm head length: 12.88 cm bill length: 5.91 cm " post. m: 3.61 cm bill width: 1.49 cm bill depth goups: 2.23 cm " ant.m.: 2.23 cm " post.m.: 2.11 cm food patches: 3 middle one refethering bill, eyernig color: orange yellow irides: very little pign. in lower half, straw yellow leg: fleshy pink remakes: body molt. 5 hrs on ice before tissue taken. stomach: small fish vertebrae + round (stoliths?). Some grainy matter, contents saved.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 17238 089 Skeleton & Rt Wing Species: Larus occidentalis Location: Coos Bay, nr Coos Head, Coos Co., Oregon date: June 12, 1986 sex: ? testes seen, but destroyed. weight: 1200g Heavy fat wing length: left: 42.7 cm primary length: #10: 29.3 cm 9: 29.3 cm 8: 29.3 cm 7: 27.2 cm 6: 26.0 cm 5: 23.9 cm tail length: 15.09 cm tarsus: right: 6.56 cm Rt. middle toe: 6.32 cm head length: 13.22 cm bill length: 6.00 cm " post. m.: 3.85cm bill width: 1.43cm bill depth, goups: 2.25 cm " ant.m.: 2.23 cm " post. m.: 2.15 cm breed patches: 3 (3rd refeathering) bill, eyerig color: orange yellow irides: moderate pigm. in low. half, straw-yellow leg: fleshy pink Remains: 5 hrs on ice before tissue samples were taken. Stomach contains "meat", numerous fish vertebrae, ribs, otoliths (round).

172239 090 SKELETON + RT. WING Catalog Douglas A Bell Species: Larus occidentalis Location: Coos Bay or Coos Head Coos Co., Oregon date: June 12, 1986 sex: Left Test: 1.52 x 1.10 x 1.0 cm R. Test: 1.10 x 0.95 x 0.75 cm weight: 1200g Moderate fat wing length: right: 41.8 cm primary length: 10: 28.8 cm 9: 28.9 cm 8: 28.7 cm 7: 27.4 cm 6: 25.05 cm 5: 23.6 cm tail length: 16.0 cm tarsus: left: 6.50 cm Left middle toe 6.10 cm head length: 12.72 cm bill length: 5.84 cm " post. n: 4.16 cm bill width: 1.33 cm bill depth groups: 1.95 cm " aut. m.: 1.95 cm " post. n.: 1.93 cm brood patches: 3 small, re feathering bill, eye ring color: orange yellow irides: very little pigment, straw yellow leg: fleshy pink Remarks: - 5 hrs on ice before taking tissue. Stomach empty except for 3 small fish ribs + 2 otoliths, contents saved.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172240 091 SKELETON + Rt. Wing. Species: Larus occidentalis Location: Coos Bay, Coos Co., Oregon as (Coos Head) date: June 12, 1986 Sex: ? Ovary(left) with numerous small ova. weight: 850g No fat; sharp heel. wing length: right: 41.0cm primary length: 10: 28.0cm 9: 29.3cm 8: 28.7cm 7: 26.9cm 6: 25.02cm 5: 23.6cm tail length: 15.0cm tarsus: 5.96cm right Rt. middle toe: 5.90 cm head length: 11.93cm bill length: 5.55cm post.n: 3.31cm bill width: 1.22 cm bill depth: 'goups: 2.0 cm 'aut. m.: 1.99 cm 'post. m.: 1.85 cm Foodpatches: 3 bill, eye ring color: orange yellow irides: no pigment, straw yellow leg: fleshy pink Remarks: 4 hrs on ice before tissue taking. Removed 2 large, yellow, cheesy sack-like structures from both sides of body just internal to the spaces over lungs and kidneys. Of The structures are sac-like each large. Rt one 8 x 4 cm, left one 5x3cm. The sacks are closely applied to post borders of lungs, and along the ventral surface of kidneys. Had to dig sacks out of rectroes/rib cage and ant. synsacrum (tumors in air sacs?) Rest of internal organs seem normal. Ovary came out of sack. Preserved in formalin. Stomach: one nib, few stolids - contents saved. var: Rt Lobe: 8x3 cm Lft. Lobe: 5x3cm Yellow, cheesy inclusions, 2mm discs from embranes of thoracic cavity saved. Yellow chunk from wing/post girdle joint saved.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172222 092 SKELETON + Right Wing species: Larus occidentalis Location: Nestucca Spit, Tillamook Co., Oregon = (North Spit) Nestucca Spit State Park, Nestucca Bay) date: June 14, 1986 sex: T: left + right 0.60 cm Q (frozen) weight: 1280g Good fat wing length: left: 41.9 cm primary length: 10: 28.9 cm 9: 29.7 cm 8: 29.8 cm 7: 28.2 cm 6: 26.7 cm 5: - tail length: 16.1 cm tarsus: right: 6.98 cm Right Middle toe: 6.6 cm head length: 13.23 cm bill length: 6.25 cm " post. m.: 3.84 cm bill width: 1.50 cm bill depth: youngs: 2.19cm aut. m.: 2.17 cm " post. m.: 2.11 cm food patches: 3 bill, eyering color: orange yellow irides: - destroyed leg: fleshy pink remains: 6 hrs before tissue was taken. Kidney worms Stomach - half full w/ fish vertebrae shells (medium sized) & merus claws. Preserved.

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Catalog D.A. Bell 172223 093 species: Larus occidentalis Skeleton + location: Nestucca Spit, Tillamook Co., Oregon Left Wing date: June 14, 1986 sex: Left testis destroyed, Rt. T? weight: 1145g Good fat. wing length: right: 41.4 cm primary length: 10: 28.7 cm 9: 29.6 cm 8: 27.7 cm 7: 27.1 cm 6: 25.01cm 5: 24.0cm tail length: 16.2 cm (7 tail feathers with small black patches) L. tarsus: 6.502 cm Left middle toe: 6.02 cm head length: 13.03 cm bill length: 6.23cm post. n.: 3.70cm bill width: 1.36 cm bill depth groups: 2.19 cm " ant. n.: 2.18 cm " post. n.: 2.14 cm brood patches: 3 bill, eyemig color: orange yellow irides: strawyellow, very little pigment lowo half leg: fleshy pink remarks: 6 hrs before tissue was taken. 6 of 12 tail feathers have either small black patches (1.5 x 1 cm) or scattered pigment. stomach: contained small fish vertebras, ribs.

Catalog Douglas A. Bell 10/h 172836 094 Species: Larus occidentalis Location: Nestucca Spit, Tillamook Co., Oregon skeleton + date: June 14, 1986 Right Wing sex: ♀ Left T. destroyed. Right T.: 0.95 x 0.65 x 0.45 cm (frozen) weight: 1110 g Good fat wing length: right: 41.6 cm primary length: 10: 28.7cm 9: 29.1cm 8: 29.1cm 7: 27.8cm 6: 25.8cm 5: 24.6cm tail length: 16.8 cm tarsus right: 6.10 cm head length: 12.96 cm bill length: 6.23 cm " post. m.: 3.84cm bill width: 1.41 cm bill depth: gonyx: 2.31cm " ant. m.: 2.24 cm " post. m.: 1.19 cm brood patches: 3 bill, eye ring color: orange yellow irides: salmon pink moderate pigment over lower 3/4th. leg: fleshy pink remarks: 6 hrs before tissues were taken Stomach - has a few old "egg" membranes in it, yellow in color.

27 no 19,1 no 19,3 no 14,1 no 8,2 no 8,4 no 8,5 no 8,6 no 25,2 no 25,3 no 25,4 no 25,5 no 17,1 no 17,2 no 17,3 no 17,4 no 17,5 no 17,6 no 17,7 no 17,8 no 17,9 no 17,10 no 17,11 no 17,12 no 17,13 no 17,14 no 17,15 no 17,16 no 17,17 no 17,18 no 17,19 no 17,20 no 17,21 no 17,22 no 17,23 no 17,24 no 17,25 no 17,26 no 17,27 no 17,28 no 17,29 no 17,30 no 17,31 no 17,32 no 17,33 no 17,34 no 17,35 no 17,36 no 17,37 no 17,38 no 17,39 no 17,40 no 17,41 no 17,42 no 17,43 no 17,44 no 17,45 no 17,46 no 17,47 no 17,48 no 17,49 no 17,50 no 17,51 no 17,52 no 17,53 no 17,54 no 17,55 no 17,56 no 17,57 no 17,58 no 17,59 no 17,60 no 17,61 no 17,62 no 17,63 no 17,64 no 17,65 no 17,66 no 17,67 no 17,68 no 17,69 no 17,70 no 17,71 no 17,72 no 17,73 no 17,74 no 17,75 no 17,76 no 17,77 no 17,78 no 17,79 no 17,80 no 17,81 no 17,82 no 17,83 no 17,84 no 17,85 no 17,86 no 17,87 no 17,88 no 17,89 no 17,90 no 17,91 no 17,92 no 17,93 no 17,94 no 17,95 no 17,96 no 17,97 no 17,98 no 17,99 no 17,100

Catalog Douglas a. Bell 172837 H 095 Species: Larus occidentalis North Spit, Nestucca Spit state park, Nestucca Bay. Location: Nestucca Spit, Tillamook Co., Oregon. date: June 14, 1986 sex: male Left T: 1.1x0.75x0.55cm frozen Right T: 0.75x0.60x0.55cm - frozen - weight: 1170 g Good fat wing length: right: 42.1 cm primary length: 10: 29.6 cm 9: 29.8 cm 8: 29.1 cm 7: 27.3 cm 6: 26.2 cm 5: 24.5 cm tail length: 16.1 cm tarsus: right: 6.84 cm Right Middle toe: 6.40 cm head length: 13.14 cm bill length: 5.98cm post. n.: 3.65cm bill width: 1.38 cm bill depth: gonyx: 2.24 cm " ant. n.: 2.23 cm " post.n.: 2.11 cm hood patches: 3 eyering and bill color: orange yellow irides: straw yellow, very little pigment in lower 3rd leg: fleshy pink remarks: 6 hrs before tissue taken primary tips lighter than normal stomach: nearly empty - bloody, few fish vertebrae + oliths, contents preserved.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172215 096 Species: Larus occidentalis Location: Tillamook Bay Spit, Tillamook Co., Oregon date: June 16, 1986 sex: ♂ L. T.: 1.26 x 0.98 x 0.90 cm RT.: 1.05 x 0.79 x 0.69 cm. weight: 1020g Light fat. wingspan right: 42.3 cm primary length: 10: 29.0 cm 9: 29.5 cm 8: 28.6 cm 7: 27.4 cm 6: 25.9 cm 5: 23.8 cm tail length: 15.4 cm tarsus: 6.21 cm Left Middle Toe: 5.72 cm Inner: 4.08 cm. Outer: 5.26 cm Hallux: 0.49 cm. head length: 12.36 cm bill length: 5.47 cm post. n.: 3.29 cm bill width: 1.26 cm bill depth groups: 2.09 cm " ant. n.: 2.03 cm " post. n.: 1.95 cm food patches: 3 refeeding bill, eye ring color: Orange Yellow irides: Straw yellow with heavy even pigment over lower half, light blue pigm. upper half. legs: fleshy pink remains: Locastmolt stomach: small clumps of meaty matter + very small fish vertebrae; less < 1 cm³ material.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172216 097 Species: Larus occidentalis Skeleton+ Location: Tillamook Bay Spit, Tillamook Co., Oregon Left Wing. date: June 16, 1986 sex: ? ovary disintegrating weight: 1040g heavy fat winglength: 39.2 cm right primary length: 10: 27.4 cm 9: 28.1 cm 8: 27.4 cm 7: 26.5 cm 6: 24.5 cm 5: 22.8 cm tail length: 15.3 cm tarsus: right: 5.85 cm Middle Toe: 5.48cm Inner Toe: 4.06cm Outr Toe: 5.29cm Hallux: 0.43 cm head length: 12.1 cm bill length: 5.60 cm post. m: 3.50 cm bill width: 1.28 cm bill depth gougs: 1.93 cm " ut. m.: 1.91 cm "post. m.: 1.86 cm brood patches: 3 (middle one refecthering) bill, eyering color: orange yellow irides: straw yellow, thin pigment dispessed throughout legs: fleshy pink stomach S: Stomach chocked full of fish remains - including sheets of fish skin. Mostly smaller fish (< ? 4") and a few- small mollux shell pieces.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172217 098 SKELETON Lft. wing. Species: Larus occidentalis Location: Tillamook Bay Spit, Tillamook Co., Oregon date: June 16, 1986 sex: ♂ L. Test. (dk. gray) 0.49 x 0.80 cm R.T.: 0.49 x 0.70 cm weight: 1255g moderate fat wing length: lft: 45.2 cm primary length: 10: 31.4 cm 9: 32.1 cm 8: 31.3 cm 7: 29.8 cm 6: 28.0 cm 5: 26.1 cm tail length: 17.3 cm tarsus: left: 7.07 cm lft. middle toe: 6.42 cm Inner Toe: 4.78 cm Outer Toe: 4.98 cm Hallux: 0.58 cm 6.22 cm head length: 13.67 cm bill length: 6.44 cm post. u.: 4.10 cm bill width: 1.45 cm bill depth gouys: 2.38 cm " aut. u.: 2.32 cm " post. u.: 2.20 cm blood patches: 3 bill, eye ring color: orange yellow irides: disposed iride pigm. lower half, straw yellow leg: fleshy pink remates: breast molt. Stomach partially filled with fish vertebrae & ribs. Tape-worm infested intestines. Contents taken.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172218 099 Species: Larus occidentalis Skeleton + Location: Tillamook Bay Spit, Tillamook Co, Oregon Left Wing. Date: June 16, 1986 Sex: ♀ 3 secs on ovary, ≤10 ova ≥2mm Ø, rest < 1mm Ø. 1 cheese spot. organ preserved. weight: 700g, No fat. Protruding keel, naked synsacrum, winglength: right 41.9 cm wingchord: 135.4 cm primary lengther: 10: 29.5cm 9: 29.8cm 8: 29.2cm 7: 28.1cm 6: 25.2cm 5: 23.7cm tail length: 15.8 cm tarsus: right: 6.17 cm R. outer toe: 5.57cm Inner Toe: 3.42cm middle toe: 5.81cm Hallux: 0.36cm head length: 12.24 cm bill length: 5.38cm post. u: 3.90cm bill width: 1.30 cm bill depth: goungs: 2.05 cm " aut. n.: 1.98 cm " post. n.: 1.82 cm brood patches: 3 bill, eyering color: orange yellow irides: even pigment disposed throughout straw- yellow legs: fleshy pink Stomach: numerous small clams - saved. remarks: found fresh dead on mud flats might have been the bird seen gasping lying flat 2 hrs before found starving, no within body cavity, esp. on mesenterics over lungs & on stomach, tissues taken numerous moldy, yellowish cheesy spots, S at left lung ~ 2mm Ø, + about 18 smaller spots around it. Several spots on other lung. isolated spots on intestines. Preserved overly a some spots in formalin:

Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172819 h -> Lg 0100 Larus glaucescens x occidentalis Species: Larus ...... SKELETON + LEFT WING Location: East Sand Island, Mouth of the Columbia River Clatsop Co., Washington Oregon. date: June 18 1986 sex: ♀ Ovary + Infundibulum. weight: 1060g Mod. Fat. wing length: left: 39.8 cm primary lengths: 10: 28.1 cm 9: 28.9 cm 8: 28.6 cm 7: 26.9 cm 6: 24.9 cm 5: 23.7 cm tail length: 16.2 cm Rt. tarsus: 5.56 cm Rt. Middle toe: 5.64cm Inner Toe: 4.13 cm Outer toe: 5.49 cm Hallux: 0.45 cm head length: 12.08 cm bill length: 5.86 cm post. u.: 3.52 cm bill width: 1.30 cm bill depth gouys: 1.97 cm " ant. u.: 1.98cm " post. u.: 1.89 cm brood patches: 3 orange yellow biller, eye mig color -> VINACEOUS #3 irides: deep pigment covering 7/8 of the irides legs: fleshy pink remarks: breastmolt primary tips: grey Stomach absolutely full of venalile matter - looks somewhat like garbage/compost. Couple bones + piece of glass saved.

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(72820 h=19 D101 skeleton + left wing species: Larus Larus glaucescens x occidentalis Location: East Sand Island, mouth of the Columbia River Clatsop Co. Oregon date: June 18, 1986 sex: ♀ left ovary - numerous small ova (<3mm &). weight: 1190g wing length: right: 42.0cm primary length 10: 29.2cm 9: 29.7cm 8: 28.9cm 7: 26.8cm 6: 25.6cm 5: 24.0cm tail length: 15.8cm left tarsus: 6.25cm left middle toe: 5.85cm head length: 12.95 cm bill length: 6.04cm post. m.: 3.71cm bill width: 1.31cm bill depth gonyx: 2.11 cm " ant. m.: 1.99 cm " post. m.: 1.91 cm food patches: 3 bill, eye ring color: orange yellow straw irides: salmon yellow, pigment tick over lower half. legs: fleshy pink remarks: very light primaries Stomach: full of small fish.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 10/h 172821 0102 SKELETON + RT. WING Species: Larus occidentalis Location: East Sand Island Mouth of the Columbia River Clatsop co. Oregon. date: June 18, 1986 sex: ? O? Gonads gone -> destroyed. Found one structure that looked like oviduct, another that looked like a spermcord. weight: 1220g Moderate Fat. winglength: left: 42.2 cm primary length: 10: 29.1cm 9: 29.6cm 8: 29.3cm 7: 28.4 cm 6: 26.5cm 5: 24.1cm tail length: 16.1cm (left side only) tarsus: left: 6.28cm LEFT Middle toe: 5.84 cm Outer toe: 5.98 cm Inner toe: 4.62 cm Hallux: 0.66 cm head length: 13.59cm Right Hallux - missing nail, short 0.45cm bill length: 6.54cm post. n.: 4.01cm bill width: 1.35cm bill depth: groups: 2.17 cm 4 and.n.: 2.03 cm 4 post. u.: 1.99 cm food patches: 3 (middle feathering) bill, eye mig color: Orange yellow irides: moder. pigm. ovr lower half Straw-yellow legs: fleshy pink remarks: right foot clump. No nail on rt. outer toe. Stomach contents - small fish vertebrae, 2 lg. black invert beaks, several small white shell-like structures. Contents saved.

Catalogue Douglas A. Bell 172795 0103 skeleton + right wing species: Larus occidentalis x glaucescens Location: Westport [illegible], Grays Harbor Co. date: June 20th 1986 sex: ?? Destroyed left ovary - grainy ? ?! weight: 1230g winglength: left: 41.85 cm primary length: 10: 28.3 cm light tips 9: 29.0 cm 8: 28.4 cm 7: 27.2 cm 6: 25.0 cm 5: 24.7 cm tail length: 15.9cm tarsus: left: 6.75 cm Left Middle toe: 5.95 cm headlength: 13.50 cm bill length: 6.09cm post. u.: 3.79cm bill width: 1.37cm bill depth goups: 2.25cm 2.30 cm " aut. u.: 2.26 cm " post. u.: 2.17 cm broad patches: 3, some refesthering on patches orange-yellow left: orange yellow bill, eye mig color: right: orange yellow & pink irides: strawyellow w. little pigm. dispused throughout legs: fleshy pink remarks: was hit by a car at W.C.P Inc., put to sleep. stomach-empty except for a few nereis claws + lololith. dead 20 hrs before tissue taken

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172796 104 Species: Larus occidentalis SKELETON + Left Wing Location: Whitcomb Island, Grays Harbor, Grays Harbor Co., Wash. date: June 20th, 1986 sex: F Left ovary. ~150mm x 2mm & weight: 780g winglength : left: 37.7cm primary length: 10: 27.9cm dark primaries 9: 28.5cm 8: 27.5cm 7: 26.5cm 6: 24.9cm 5: 22.8cm tail length: 14.8cm tarsus: left: 6.01cm Left middle toe: 5.75cm headlength: 12.39 cm bill length: 5.53cm post n.: 3.57 cm bill width: 1.24cm bill depth gonyx: 1.97 cm " aut.n.: 1.93 cm " post.n.: 1.79 cm food patches: 3 (big) bill? orange yellow eye ring upon capture: fresh-orange yellow billed, eyering color: later: orange-yellow eye corners dull yellow inside insides: salmontraw yellow w/ even pigment disposed over lower half leg: fleshy pink remarks: trapped of 3 egg nest trews up fish filets. dead 20hrs before tissue taken Stomach: small fish bones, otoliths, couple nerois claws. Preserved.

Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172797 105 Species: Larus occidentalis x glaucescens SKELETON + Location: Whitcomb Island, Grays Harbor, Grays Harbor Co., Wash. Right Wing. date: June 20, 1986 sex: ♂ Left T: 1.40 x 0.95 x 0.90 cm weight: 1230g wing length: 44cm right primary length: 10: 30.7cm 9: 31.4cm 8: 30.6cm 7: 29.3cm 6: 27.7cm 5: 25.7cm tail length: 16.5 cm tarsus: right: 6.91cm right middle toe: 6.4cm head length: 13.21cm bill length: 6.15cm post. n.: 3.64cm bill width: 1.37cm bill depth group: 2.22 cm " ant. n.: 2.13 cm " post. n.: 2.04 cm food patches: 3 bill, eye ring color: orange yellow (dull) with touch of flesh, orange yellow bill legs: fleshy pink irides: left: dark uniform pigm. throughout, back grounded right: lighter remarks: dead 20 hrs before tissue taken stomach: small fish bones, otoliths, insect claws? Sample preserved.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172798 106 SKELETON + LEFT WING Species: Larus occidentalis location: Whitcombs Island, Grays Harbor, Grays Harbor Co. Wash. date: June 20, 1986 sex: male Left Testis: 1.1 x 0.55 x 0.45 cm (frozen) Rt. T.: 0.70 x 0.30 x 0.25 cm (frozen) weight: 1200 g winglength: left: 40.7 cm primary length: 10: 29.2 cm 9: 29.7 cm 8: 29.1 cm 7: 27.8 cm 6: 25.7 cm 5: 24.0 cm tail length: 15.07 cm tarsus: right 6.37 cm headlength: 12.85 cm bill length: 5.85 cm post. m.: 3.51 cm bill width: 1.43 cm bill depth gony: 2.13 cm aut. u.: 2.10 cm post. u.: 2.08 cm food patches: 3 beginning refathering bill, eye ring color: orange yellow irides: straw yellow thin pigm. to lower ft legs: fleshy pink remarks: dead for 20 hrs before tissue taken body molt, stomach: full of fish scales & mussels? claws. preserved.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172692 107 SKELETON RT. WING Species: Larus glaucescens Location: Protection Island, South Side, Jefferson Co., Wash. date: June 24 1986 sex: ♀ left ovary disintegrated. oviduct visible(?) weight: 1090g Sparse fat. wingslength: right: 43.2 cm remarks: Trace of widows only. primary length: 10: 29.9 cm Primaries appear juvenile 9: 30.05 cm 8: 29.60 cm 7: 28.1 cm 6: 26.1cm 5: 24.1 cm tail length: 16.4 cm remarks: 3 immature feathers tarsus: right: 6.81 cm Rt. Middle Toe: 6.00 cm Inner Toe: 4.23 cm outer toe: 5.92cm Hallux: 0.34cm headlength: 13.23 cm bill length: 6.20 cm post.n.: 3.91 cm billwidth: 1.44cm billdepth groups: 2.0cm " ant.u.: 1.08cm " post.u.: 2.04 cm food patches: 3 4 bill, eyering color: eyes: # deep vinaceous gills: orange yellow #57 irides: uniform burntumber #22 legs: fleshy pink remarks: trapped off 2 egg nest. 2 eggs taken: 1-A: 78 gms 66.9 x 47.6 cm 1-B: 67 gms 68.2 x 45.3 cm Stomach empty except for 1 shell and a few feathers. Saved.

Catalog 108 SKELETON + RT.WING Species: Larus glaucescens Location: Protection Island, South Side, date: 24. June, 1986 Jefferson Co., WA sex: 3 L. testis 1.1x1.0x0.7cm R.test.: .85 x.65 x .55cm weight: 1160 g Good fat. winglength: left: 41.5cm primary length: 10: 27.8cm 9: 29.1cm 8: 28.7cm 7: 27.2cm 6: 26.0cm 5: 24.4cm tail length: 15.06 cm tarsus: right: 6.82cm left Left middle toe: 5.95cm headlength: 13.25 cm bill length: 5.77cm post.u.: 3.73cm bill width: 1.35cm bill depth groups: 2.20cm gout.u.: 2.14cm post.u.: 2.11 cm brood patches: 3 bill color: orange yellow bill eyernigs: deep vinaceous #4 irides: smoke grey #45 uniform pigment over lower half. legs: fleshy pink remarks: trapped off 3 egg west stomach: empty few feathers only. 3 eggs taken: 2A: 84gms 67.3 x 49.6 cm 2B: 82gms 69.0 x 48.3 cm 2C: 74 gms 65.1 x 46.9 cm

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172693 109 SKELETON + left wing Species: Larus glaucescens Location: Protection Island, South side, Jefferson Co. date: June 24, 1986 Wash. SX: female of 108 Left ovary: 9 ova > 1.5mm & Weight: 980g good fat winglength: left: 40.0 cm primary length: 10: 27.9cm 9: 28.5cm 8: 28.0cm 7: 26.4 cm 6: 24.6 cm 5: 22.6cm tail length: 15.5 cm tarsus: left: 6.15cm left middle toe: 5.82cm headlength: 12.72cm bill length: 5.92cm post. u.: 3.78cm bill width: gp 1.18 cm bill depth: gony: 2.01cm aut. m.: 2.05cm post. u.: 1.90cm brood patches: 3 bibe: orange yellow eyerigs: deep vinaceous #4 irides: smoke grey #45 with even pigment over lower 1/3 space thin pigm. legs: fleshy pink Scattered through out. remarks: trapped off 8 egg nest mate of 108, threw up small minnows 5 worms in throat ~ 3cm long -3 preserved in alcohol (Ascaris?) stomach: filled w/ fine grainy matter + few fish ribs (small)

Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172694 110 Species: Larus glaucescens Skeleton + Location: Protection Island, South Side, Jefferson Co., LEFT WING Wash. date: June 25, 1986 sex: ♀ Left ovary w/ 25 grapes 2.1mm & weight: 970 g Moderate fat winglength: # right: 40.0 cm primary length 10: 27.6 cm 9: 28.0 cm 8: 26.6 cm 7: 24.7 cm 6: 24.0 cm 5: 23.4 cm taillength: 15.09 cm tarsus: right: 6.25cm head length: 12.79 cm bill length: 5.82 cm post.n.: 3.79cm bill width: 1.26cm bill depth gonyx: 2.05cm " ant. h.: 2.03 cm " post. n.: 1.89 cm food patches: 3 good bile: orange yellow eyerings: right: flesh #5 corner: vinaceous #3 left: has more vinaceous irides: smoke grey #44 even pigm. over lower 2/3 rds. legs: fleshy pink remarks: trapped off left leg nest. 3A- 6.85 x 4.92 83 gms cm Nematodes (2) in buccal cavity, stomach full of grainy fish-meal.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172695 111 SKELETON & RT. WING Species: Larus glaucescens Location: Protection Island, South Side, Jefferson Co., date: June 25, 1986 Wash. sex: ♀ Left ovary: 4ova ~ 4mmØ, 8-12 ova > 2mmØ. weight: 885g low fat. wing length: right: 40.04 cm primary length: 10: 29.0cm 9: 29.5cm 8: 28.8cm 7: 27.1 cm 6: 25.09 cm 5: 24.2cm tail length: 16.3 cm tarsus: right: 6.27 cm Right middle toe: 5.5cm head length: 12.05 cm bill length: 5.47 cm post. u.: 3.45cm bill width: 1.20 cm bill depth gony: 2.02 cm " ant. n.: 1.99 cm " post. u.: 1.87 cm brood patches: 3 bill: straw yellow eyernig: deep viricious #4 irides: cream #54 thick pigm. over lower ½ legs: fleshy pink remarks: trapped on 3 egg nest. shotgun holes stomach empty except for a small feather ball in which several pieces of thin glass were found.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172696 112 SKELETON RIGHT WING species: Larus glaucescens Location: Protection Island South Side, Jefferson Co, date: June 25, 1986 Washington sex: ♂ Left Testis: 2.1x1.2x1.0 cm Rt. Testis: 1.6x0.9x0.65 cm weight: 1200g Moderate fat. wing length: 41.8 cm (left) primary lengths: P0: 29.8 cm P: 31.0 cm 8: 30.0 cm 7: 28.7 cm 6: 27.2 cm 5: 24.6 cm tail length: 17.1 cm tarsus: left: 6.05 cm Middle toe: 6.00 cm head length: 13.45 cm bill length: 6.40 cm post. L.: 3.98 cm bill width: 1.20 cm bill depth: gony: 2.15 cm ant. u.: 2.17 cm post. u.: 1.99 cm brood patches: 3 bill color: straw yellow to orange yellow- eyerig: upper: vinicious #3 lower: orange yellow irides: smoke grey & background #45 heavy loch sign. throughout. legs: dark in lower half fleshy pink remarks: trapped off 2 egg nest. head molt, patchy skin visible Stomach contents: full-grainy matter-consistency of wet fish meal; small scales & ribs.

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19/2 172772 * 113 SKELETON + RT. WING- Catalog Douglas A. Bell Species: Larus glaucescens x occidentalis Location: Protection Island, South Side date: June 26, 1986 Sex: ? Left ovary w/16 ova >3mm & weight: 890 gm winglength: (left): 41.40 cm Primary length: Left 10: 28.85 29.10 9: 29.80 8: 28.92 7: 27.80 6: 25.08 5: 23.82 Tail length: 16.42 cm Tarsus: Right 5.84 cm Right Middle Toe: 5.45cm Headlength: 11.97 cm Bill length: 5.38 cm Bill width: 1.12 cm Bill depth: gonys 1.97 cm ant. mares 1.925 cm post. mares 1.74 cm Squod patches: 3 eyerings: Pink Bill color: straw yellow. irides: Dark legs: fleshy pink remarks: Trapped off 3 egg nest. tissues taken from bird after it had been frozen for 9 months. Stomach empty except for 2 stones (white + black) 0.5cm.

116 155gm 117 115 118 125 [illegible]

Doug Bell Catalogue Date: 28 June 1986 Location; Southbound 101, in downtown Crescent City, CA. 173849 114 ♂ Ptychoramphus aleuticus Wt. 155 gms Skin + Found dead on sidewalk, below neon sign, in the morning. Partial shell Downtown Crescent City, CA, on southbound 101 just as it makes 90° bend @ south end of city. Tremendous fat on skin. Whole skull seemed translucent, no separate windows. Left tarsi .080x .035 cm. Stomach empty. 115 172391 Species: Larus occidentalis Location: Alcatraz Island, S.F. Co., Calif. Date: June 1986 Sex: ♂ T, L & R: 1.1mm x 3.8 mm Weight: 395 gms Winglength: 15.8 cm (left wing) Primary Length: Lt. Wing Rt. Wing Lt. Wing Rt. Wing 10: 4.2 3.8 7: 7.3 6.8 9: 6.3 5.9 6: 6.4 5.9 8: 7.1 5.2 5: 7.7 7.1 Tail Length: 1.5 cm (not including down) Tarsus: Rt. 6.05 Lf. 5.96 Headlength: 9.50 cm Bill length: 3.82 cm Post. Nares: 2.27 cm Bill width: .0.95 cm Bill depth: gonyx: 1.23 cm ant nares: 1.30 cm post nares: 1.28 cm Remarks: Collected by Ray Pierotti. Bird approx. 3 weeks old. Emaciated. No fat, No pectoral mm; Tissues LHKM (leg) taken. Stomach contained two small rocks

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 116 Species: Larus occidentalis 172392 Location: Alcatraz I, S.F. Co., Calif. Date: June 1986 Sex: ♀ Weight 155 gms Tarsus: Rt. 3.97 cm Lft. 4.17 cm Headlength: 7.08 cm Bill length: 3.07 cm Post. Nares: 1.79 cm Remarks: #42 Pink-hatched from Bill width: 0.89 cm egg by Ray Pierotti; raised on Bill depth: gonys 1.06 cm poor diet. Legs appear deformed. ant nares 1.16 cm Bill soft & rubbery. Tail & Wing feather post. nares, 1.18 cm pins barely out of sheaths. Liver & kidneys - reddish brown, large. No breast muscles (trace only). Trace fat on sternum. About 10% of leg muscles covered with thin layer of fat. Tissue taken (KHLM) 117 Species: Larus occidentalis 172393 Location: Alcatraz I., S.F. Co., Calif. Date: June 1986 Sex: ♂ Trace testis - 2; 2.2 mm x 0.4mm Weight: 115 gms Tarsus: R: 3.90 cm L: 3.86 cm Head Length: 6.86 cm Bill length: 2.82 cm Post. Nares: 1.63 cm Bill width: 0.72 cm Bill depth: gonys: 1.02 cm ant: nares: 1.08 cm post nares: 1.04cm Remarks: #48 Pink - hatched from egg by Ray Pierotti. Raised on poor diet. Legs, body, bill is soft and rubbery. Liver, kidneys reddish brown, large. Right liver lobe: 4.4 cm x 2.12 cm, gall bladder 2.62 cm long x 1.5 cm & (swollen). Trace pectoral breast muscles. No fat anywhere.

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 118 Species: Larus occidentalis 172394 Location: Alcatraz I., S.F.Co., Calif. Weight: 125 gms Sex: ♂ (spermatic cords visible) Tarsus: R - 3.66 cm L - 3.73 cm June 1986 Headlength: 6.82 cm Bill length: 2.81 cm Post nares: 1.64 cm Bill width: 0.71 cm Bill depth: gonyx - 0.97 cm ant nares - 1.00 cm post nares - 1.03 cm Remarks - #46 Pink- hatched from egg by Ray Pierotti, Raised on poor diet. Legs, body, bill soft & rubbery. Liver, kidneys large , reddish brown. Gall bladder enlarged. Trace fat on leg muscles. Trace breast muscles only. Tissues taken (LH#9) Bürzeldrusen groß und fest. 119 Species: Columba livia Location: U.C. Berkeley Campus , Alameda Co., California Left Testis: 23 x 10 mm Date : 9 May 1986 Sex: ♂ Right Testis: 22 x 11 mm Weight: 345 gms No fat, protruding keel. Remarks: Found in tremors on U.C. Berkeley campus by Thomas Wake. Bird regurgitated rice & seed. Crop contained rice, corn, small seeds. Poisoned?

Catalog Douglas A. Bell 120 Species: Larus occidentalis SKELETON Location: West Marin Sanitary Landfill, 4 mi. N of LEFT WING Pt. Reyes (town) Station, Marin Co., Calif. Date: Aug 23, 1985 Sex: Male L. Testis: 7.5 x 5 x 2.5 mm R. Testis: not found Winglength: 40.8 cm (left) Weight: 950 gms Primary length: 10 27.2 cm 9 28.7 cm 8 27.8 cm 7 26.1 cm 6 23.2 cm 5 molted Tail length: 15.00 cm Tarsus: 6.49 cm (left) Head Length: 13.13 cm Bill Length: [post. nares]: 3.52 cm " width: 1.23 cm " depth: gonys: ant. nares: post. nares: Remarks: Stomach full with "meaty-looking" material and one small bone (chicken);

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Catalog Douglas A. Bell 172806 GT21 SKELETON + LEFT WING Species: Larus occidentalis x glaucescens Pine I. Location: Willapa Bay, Pacific Co., WA Date: June 1985 Sex: ♀ Weight: 840 gms. No fat. Weak pectorals. Winglength: 40.4cm (w/w) Wing chord: 129.5 cm Primary length : 10 : 28.4 9 : 29.2 8 : 28.2 7 : 27.2 6 : 25.2 5 : 23.7 Tail length : 15.7 Tarsus (left) : 5.77 Middle Toe: 5.45 Inner Toe: 4.14 Outer Toe: 5.42 Hallux 0.42 Headlength: 12.12 Bill length : 5.32 Bill post mares: 3.41 Bill width : 1.15 Bill depth: gonyx : 1.93 post mares : 1.81 ant. mares : 1.92 Brood Patches: 3-reflecting. Bill: Straw Yellow: eyering: yellow iris : - legs: fleshy pink. Remarks: Picked up by Steve Speich - found nesting on island in nesting colony, Willapa Bay. In freezer 2 yrs. Stomach empty. Fish meat in throat.

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D. A. Bell 1986 Journal List of localities California Northern Calif., Oregon, Washington

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Field Notes Douglas A. Bell 1986 Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, San Francisco Co., California March, April, May, July [various dates] University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, Alameda Co., California 22 April, 26 April Northern California, Oregon, Washington 2 June - 28 June

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Field Notes Doug Bell Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Co., Calif. March 23, 1986 11:30 am. On the cistern (North end) of Alcatraz Island. Weather is sunny, but hazy. Almost no wind. Water calm. Gulls are singly, or in pairs on the cement flat of the cistern. All birds spaced out, on territories. Whenever one bird flies in, others around it give wokka, wokka wokka calls^long calls^. Some birds giving occasional "mup mup mups" alarm call at our presence. (Marc and I are working here). Recordings: One - mixed warning calls, first low record level (1/4), later high record level (3/4). Two - pair on guard hut. Warn call at my presence. Low record level (1/4). Three - greeting long call. Record level 1/3-1/2. Long dist. Four - begging, long distance (8 or 9'). (1/2 level) Five - (1/2 record level). Direct disturbance, misc. Six - Various alarm calls, one bird. (1/2 level) Warn. Seven - Alarm calls - much background wind. (1/2 level) Eight - Alarm calls - pair of birds, both alarm calling. (3/4) Other misc. alarm calls; some wind. 2:00 pm. Observed gull on territory eating 6 in "midshipmen"? Probably courtship fed. 2:15 pm - On Industry Building - two males are ^*^ choking and going through long call dispute. Flee off, mutual picking at small rocks with bills. Males walking nearby

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FIELD NOTES LOCATION: Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Co., Calif. Doug BELL March 23, 1986 side by side, stock choking, long calling. Turn and face each other, then couple lunges. One grabs other's bill and holds it firmly. Both birds begin trying to pull one or another back into its territory. Simple stand off, with neither succeeding, but one has a better grip on the other. Birds held together over 2 min., then the one with the better grip began pulling other into territory. Birds lost grip, re-lunged. Again, the one was gripped around bill, this time near eye. The "looser" began hitting second bird with left wing very violent. About a minute of this went on, then they broke off. Mates during whole time watching, long calling, picking gravel. When winners broke off its mate came up to it, calling. Looser stood ground on territory. Birds still long calling. 2:30 pm - Face-offs still going on. Both males will sit or ground, pick, but sit almost hunched: at ground

FIELD NOTES DOUG BELL DATE: 18 APRIL 1986 LOCATION: Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Co., Calif. WEATHER: Hazy, but sunny. Moderate wind to heavy wind TIME: 12:00 noon - 15:00 hrs. Gathering up wood and remains of blind that flew down from its "perch" on the cistern. Most pieces present - looks like it could be repaired. Katie Muir and Emilie Martens are with me - they are collecting data on food remains and nest sites for Zoo 107 projects. As far as the gulls are concerned - not much has changed since last visit. Many birds on the cistern are paired. Some squabbling over territories going on. Mild alarm when Katie and Emilie go thru the colony on the cistern. I'm not paying close attention to the gulls - as I'm busy with the blind. Four Western Kingbirds seen near the cistern - making a number of calls - flitting about - foraging every so often. Wind picking up.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell DATE: 22 April 1986 LOCATION: BERKELEY CAMPUS, ALAMEDA CA, CALIF. WEATHER: RAIN TIME: 9:30-10:00 At lawn just east of Giannini Hall, south of University House. Observing partial albino robin. The bird is quite tame - foraging on lawn. Was at first within ca. 2 meters of a normal male, also foraging. The albino then left this bird, walking, foraging. No real interaction took place. Another male flew up in the tree to the west of this bird. No interaction, though. I might guess the albino to be a female. It has a pale yellow bill. Dark iris. White/dark flecked (patchy) head, nape, back. Most primaries & secondaries dark, but about 2 secondaries and possible primaries 1 & 2 are white, on each wing. Tail mostly dark, with left outermost tertials white (2?). Right outermost tertial whiteish. Wing & tail covers flecked white/dark. Breast and belly is white, with rust collar (about where the dark collar of a varied thrush would be). Very light rust patches on each flank, and one small rust spot on center of lower breast. Throat white. Odd looking bird - like a large snow bunting in mixed plumage. Came to within 2 meters of the bird. After 1/2 hour of mostly unsuccessful foraging the bird flew labored up into a tree. Very calm bird. TIME: 2:00-2:30 PM White-flecked robin observed foraging again. Came very close to me. Then flew up into a tree. About 5 other robins were in this tree, but there was no interaction between the white robin and the others.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell Date: 25 April 1986 LOCATION: Alcatraz Island, S.F. Co., Calif. WEATHER: clear, sunny. Moderate wind. TIME: 12:00-14:00 In for a quick check of the island. Paired birds (Western Gulls) everywhere. Ray Pierotti, Katy Muir, Emilie Martens with me. Katy and I watched a pair of gulls go through a mutual courtship feed, on the Parade Grounds. The pair was Upon landing, they chaff choked on-site. disturbed by our presence, but came back to their territory. Female began head begging. The male, a big bird, old looking, went through some regurgitating motions after about 10 seconds. He then coughed up a small fish (as long as bill) into his bill, mouthed it, then swallowed it again. He repeated this twice more over the next minute. The female also coughed up a small fish, only to swallow it again. Both birds took off, flew around, then landed on territory again. Male sat down. Female begged a couple times, then gave up. Began preening. Overall, the gulls are giving more alarm calls at our approaches. Checked Parade Grounds, Western Perimeter, and Cistern and power houses. Only 3 nests on Cistern had eggs: two nests w/1 egg each, one nest w/2 eggs. Counted 50 gulls soaring about cistern while the 3 others checked the nests. No eggs on Industry Building roof (west of Cistern). Watched the roof for about 20 minutes, but saw no courtship feeding. Only one minor territory dispute where one bird held up wings & walked over to another who had just landed. The other bird walked about 2 yards away from the [illegible] threatening bird.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell LOCATION: BERKELEY CAMPUS, ALAMEDA CO., CALIF. Notes on Leucostictic Robin. 26 April 1986: 19:00-19:30 - Lawn east of Giannini Hall - knoll grassy Yerkes, south of Union House (same location as on 22 April 1986). Robin foraging on lawn, asphalt walkway. Normal robin flew down to same spot as white bird. The white robin dodged, but did not attack or recolonize its intruder. The white robin was not observed to pick food and hold in bill, rather, it swallowed everything. Other robins are actively gathering food for nestlings. One nest with legging young found me. Public Health. 29 April 1986: 17:00-17:10 - Same spot as above. White robin sitting in one of the trees, eating some berries. Flew down to lawn, then back up again. Chased another robin out of tree. 6 May 1986: 17:00-17:00 White robin foraging on lawn. Same spot as always. Chased another Robin on foot. 8 May 1986: 18:00-19:00 At knoll next to Giannini Hall. Waiting 4 men for the White Robin. The bird showed up at about 18:20. Flew in from direction of creek, NW of knoll. Landed in olive tree. Sat about 15 min - preening, scratching. Seems to scratch itself about its ears rather frequently. Looks [illegible] a bit haggard. Left wing droops more than other wing. Flew down from olive tree, began foraging on lawn about the tree. About 6 other robins in and on ground about [illegible] tree. We left at 19:00 - passed by this spot at 19:30 again, but White Robin not to be seen.

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FIELD NOTES Doug BELL DATE: 28 April 1986 LOCATION: Alcatraz I., S.F. (o), (AH) WEATHER: Sunny, clear TIME: 9:00 - 13:30 With Ray Pierotti. Building wood blind on spot below cellhouse. Good view of Western and Industry Building Roof. Not able to watch gulls closely, but some courtship is taking place (choking, feeding?). Finished blind by about 11:30. Had lunch, then went around island checking nests. Found couple more eggs on Western (one nest of 3 eggs), one egg on I.B. No eegs in perimeter, parade grounds.

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Field Notes Doug Bell Date: 30 April 1986 Location: Alcatraz I, SF Co., Calif. Weather: Sunny, clear, some fog wraps Time: 9:15 - 4:57 With Ray & Katie in blind overlooking cistern / IB. Long calls: aggression, recognition. New calls: "I have food" call. Courtship feeding: chickens transfer on power house roof. Pair in front of blind: first exchanged large fish, 7". About 5 min later male of same pair coughed up midshipman - tug of war ensued (< 30 sec), female eventually got it. On 18 - another midshipman transfer. Forced copulation on nest 20 - male on top of nest-sitting? & pecking @ ?. Male very persistent - sitting on female for at least 1.5-2 min. Male (pub from nest 19) also gets hassled by probably his own female - meowing, trying to inter- vene - she is standing on rock above two, looking down, meowing, she also jumped down on them. Male still persist. Another pair brought in large fish (9") - transferred. Pair M copulating on IB. Another pair on Laundry Building copulating. 9:59-10:30 : Pair L copulating - male doing guttural. Forced copulation again - this time the pair in front of blind or cistern. Male making mimic call (like short long call), after < 20 sec the real mate of mated female flew in - knocked feet male off female. Two males then thrusted, choked, grappled. Interrupted food transfer - unident (chicken?). 2 more food transfers -> unident small, shiver-like objects. Female of previous pair regurgitated the 9" fish. Big wads of chicken regurgitated onto cement - nobody wants it. One male puked it up, brought over to his mate, dropped. She didn't eat it. Male ate it. Another chicken transfer. Pair at 20 transferred fish (herring, 7"). IB roof - food transfer - chicken, ? digested fish?

FIELD NOTES Doug Bell 30 April 1986 LOCATION: Alcatraz I., SF Co. WEATHER: Windy Sunny 10:30 - 10:45 Attempted forced copulation. Female standing though, fought him off. Fish transfer (7" herring?). Brownish grey back. listen. IB: food transfers - fish (4") and goup. 12:35 - Pair behind rock 20 - female begging, male giving than motions, but no food transfer. While making on blind (11:00-12:30) saw another forced copulation. Male very persistent, female biting breast & throat of male. Male long-calling. Went on for about 1/2 min. Two different food transfers of goup (+ some chicken) on cistern in front of blind. One transfer of 8" fish (herring) on right of cistern. Food transfer on IB - 8" fish. Copulation pair L on IB 13:04 - forced copulation 1.5 min. & biting male's throat kill. Normal copulation, & making guttural noise. Food transfer- 7" fish. Food transfer: 2x3" packet of meat and then one 5" fish. Copulation at far end of cistern, behind pair 20. Copulation to right of 20. Food transfer - little fish. Food transfer - pair 20 - fish? Forced copulation here in front (same female as earlier - whose mate chased off the male). 13:31 - 25 pairs on cistern visible from blind. Food transfer: 2 small fish, pair near front. Food transfer - pair on far right - chicken.

FIELD NOTES Doug Bell May 5, 1986 LOCATION: Alcatraz I., S.F. Co., CA. WEATHER: Broken clouds. Moderate wind 9:30am - 1/2 Ray Pirotti in blind. Pair 20 - female on nest, being "raped" by male (#8?). Possibly 2 from pair 19 also tugging at rapist's wing. Female 20 protests, biting males beak. Female able to push him off, stand up. Copulation on IB roof (1.5 min.) Copulation on cistern - behind pair 20. 9:52 Single bird standing on IB roof, drooped wings (like a hen). Near previous copulating pair. 9:57 chased off by male of pair or sim. 9:40 Copulation, IB roof. 9:51 Banded bird in cistern - ad., left leg yellow + USF&WS service band. 9:55 - loud ship feed - chicken fat (cistern). Short cop - elation - IB roof (< 1.0 min) 9:57 - feeding - fish pieces - new pair, cistern. 10:02 - Bird + drooping wings back on IB roof. 10:02 male in to mate on right cistern hery (in front). Mewed, walked ca 1 m., other male gram pull. Female follows. Male mews, female mews - male coughed up fish filled. Female took, bird flying overhead dived on her. Mate attacked first the diver, then his own mate, probably because he had tried to get some of food back. 10:20 IB - feeding - male coughed up chicken, swallowed again. 10:16 2 & 20 head tossed, begged on nest (4 times) then yawned. 10:18 - IB - pair men end walking side by side upright in half-circle. Pair gram pulling - right side of cistern. 10:28 Short face off - gram pull - males end of cistern. 10:31 - IB - worship feed - male + fish comes in bill, swallowed again. Copulation of another pair. 10:34 Copulation, IB roof. Cistern - male of new right pair - fish in bill, swallowed. Attempted copulation of female on nest (mid way - cistern). Female fought off. Pair of rapist boy calling. 10:38 Stunge male down in front, grass gathering, owner in upright threat approaching, stranger away.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell May 5, 1986 LOCATION: Alcatraz Island, S.F. Co., Calif. 10:45 - Copulation - cistern 10:46 - copulation, cistem level: 1/2 10:53 - copulation, cistem courtship feed - cistem Recording: pair O copulating on IB roof. 11:01 attempted copulation IB roof. 11:02 - copulation - cistem 12:50 : From 11:02 - 12:50 - Out checking nests. Also caught a gull *wounded wing. Sacrificed bird. 12:50 - Back in blind w/ Ray. Two copulations observed, pair 32. Rounded one of the copulations. 13:05 - Bird "drooping wings" look on IB roof. Wind has picked up considerably. Droopy chased off right away. 13:11 - droopy back on IB roof. Bird "[illegible] material flew in to cistern - landed, was chased off by residents" 13:17 - courtship feed - in front cistem - herring. Recording: attempt recording of copulation (too windy + too far. Recorded long call here in front cistem). 13:20 - IB - Pair courting; male & facing -billing/wegging. Both doing head toss, & circling &, she now corp. Recording: meau, legging. Copulation w/out final cloacal contact. End side 1.

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FIELD NOTES Doug BELL 23 May 1986 LOCATION: Alcatraz I., S.F. (o., CALIF. WEATHER: High Overcast, Moderate Wind TIME: 9:30 - 9:35 With Ray Piotti and Kevin Shaffer in blind @ cistern. on IB - loutship fed - fish parts. Male of pair landed, F&W S. Band + Yellow, Ray counts 50 nests in Cistern and 20 on IB. 9:28 - Copulation attempt in pair on fallen tower. 3 banded birds seen on powerhouse roof: 2 with F+W.S bands + pink bands on left legs. 1 bird of F+W.S band on left leg, green band on right leg. 9:45-10:20: Seeking nests on cistern. One nest has 2 chicks, 1 egg. Another nest, where ? bur hole in right foot webbing, her eggs pipping. This ? so desperate to sit, she does so with us standing 2 m away. One gull coughed up anchovy and mors of yellow fish eggs. Bird in adult plumage except for a few blackish tail feathers missing on fallen guard tower (cistern). Pair count feeding (fish) on IB. This is the banded (F+W.S.+yellow-left leg) male - the pair seems to be without a nest. Male has grey Coak & scapularies, but it has brownish primaries and some black in tail. Subadult seen on powerhouse roof - brown back, grey shoulders. 10:40 Pair on IB, w/landed ?, choked at spot - no nest there. 10:43 Cistern: male landed on platform, long called directly at female. ? went 1m over to him, put head under his neck. Both birds moving Female then separated, moved, coughed up 2 small fish ('3

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell 23 May 1986 LOCATION: Alcatraz I., SF Co., Calif. WEATHER: cold; thin clouds; partial sun. Mod-stingy wind TIME: 11:10 - 11:20 - F legging from M, who just started sneezing. S not forthcoming. F coughed up small fish, swallowed again. Two birds seen on roost with oily breasts - one had ca. 35% of breast & belly badly smeared with black gunk. 11:45 - broke off obs. 12:24 - Courtship feed - new pair on IB -> eel. 11:45-12:15 - Checked perimeter on North End: 14 nests + 7 on walkway. One badly oiled bird 12:40: Courtship feeding - pair nest building on tower of cistern. Male letting food into bill, female taking it. 12:56 - New approach to F to M on nest (IB). Followed by both & hoking. LOCATION: Alcatraz I., SF Bay, Calif. 30 May 1986 Weather: Overcast, cool. Time: 9:00 am - 12:45 on Parade Grounds. Trapping. Set traps out over a 3 egg nest and a 1 egg nest. Caught F off 3 egg nest right away (DAB 068). One-egg nest pair, circling trap, but not willing to go in. After 1½ hrs. I switched traps on both nests. Gull went into trap on 1- egg nest 3 times - but I didn't catch it. Once, trap didn't spring, 2 other times people interrupted. Caught male (DAB 069) Western Gull, mate to F caught earlier. While Ray et al were walking back on SF Fort Mason, we watched a "pair" of 3 yr birds (brown wings, gray heads & backs) go thru mewing, F coughed up food. Some checking movement. Finally F chased/attacked same M. All on rocks in front of beach.

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Field Notes Doug Bell June 2, 1986 Drove from Berkeley CA to Garberville, CA. Stopped in at Hopland Brewery on way. Met Mrs Phelps, Pam & Todd in Garberville, then drove with Pam & Todd up to the ranch near Garberville, Humb- oldt Goldt County. June 3, 1986 At Pam & Todds Ranch. Around their house: bluebirds, lupuli buntings, dusky flycatcher, annas & allens hummingbirds, crow. The ranch is in the hills west of Bear Butte, from their ridges you can see King Range. Beautiful country. Open ridges, scattered firs, cedars, some oak forests. Helped Pam & Todd clean up the ground around some fruit trees. From 16:00 - 17:00 Maren and I went to Goat Rock to watch for peregrines. When we arrived, heard one bird do a ka-chuck, ka-chuck. Couldn't see it right away though. Then it appeared on a branch of one of the large snags off the rock. Great adult - very dark head, practically no malar stripe. Very light breast. Yellow cere & feet. Looked like a F. We watched here for an hour - she sat the whole time, preening every so often, rousing; when we left, she was still sitting. We walked back to ranch. Saw: kestrels, raven, red-tail, heard blue grouse, saw meadowlark, blue birds, killdeer, calif. quail, common larksbill, robins, turkey cultures.

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Field Notes Doug Bell 6/4/86 June 4, 1986: Morning, packing up and leaving Pam & Todds' house at the ranch. 10:00am- @ Goat Rock, mostly sunny, fog breaking on surrounding ridge, SE wind. Goat Rock is bathed in sun. Hear quail, meadowlarks, lazuli buntings, young red-tail hawks begging. No sign of any perquaries on the rock. On road down from ranch saw 2 seperate Blue Grouse, one flew from road down 70 yds to trees, another we saw eating spruce buds in tree. 11:05am- at Cliffs on road sw. Buciland/Redway. Heard young peregrine screaming. Looked about 1 min, saw one inm by first sitting, then lying on top of cliff face. Then saw 2 more young sitting in pothole, finally 1 more on small oak pinnacle next to pot hole. So total of 4 young visible, 3 in pothole, 1 on top of cliff. 3 of the young look like they could fly, one seems to be still younger and has shot tail some down on head.

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Field Notes Davy Bell 6/14/86 11:26 am - Still at Buckland rocks. 4 young peregrines at same spot. One adult bird w/full crop seen flying off, power stroking up the creek canyon (headed west). Of the 4 young, 2 appear to be S (including the small runt) and 2 q. Todd said the falcon had 5 young though. The runt S has down over its whole shoulders and wing coverts. 11:34 am - Of the 4 young, the one on top of rock, and one sitting in the pothole, are laying down flat as pancakes. The one on the pinnacle next to pothole is cleaning, preening itself. These other 3 young have their tails wings full in. Still look uncoordinated in their movements though. 11:41 - All young falcons lying down. There is a house to the left of the cliffs, not more than [illegible] 150 yards away, but it is sort of out of view from the cliffs themselves. One can hear roosters crowing, electric motors drilling, etc etc. Bird on top of rock is dropping wings, preening neck, thought. Has rich chocolate-brown back, tail (~bars), head. This makes strip, cream throat, golden-brown breast. Absolutely beautiful. Also has a touch of light golden streaking on rump & supercilium - [illegible] legs a foot have slight yellowish tinge. 11:34 - The young falcon on top of cliff ran, hobbled sniped around, first to the cliff edge, then back about 10 yars to some shady chaparral manzanita, oak tangle. Out of view.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell 6/4/86 LOCATION: Sugarloaf Rock, Humboldt Co., CA. WEATHER: Clear, but cloudy. Towards evening - fog, drizzle. TIME: 17:00 -> to dark Drove over [illegible] Ferndale to Sugar loaf rock. Asked Mr. Joe Russ for permission to camp. Set up camp, about 1/4 mile south of Sugarloaf rock, just north of a freshwater creek that flows into the sea. Lots of gulls come here to bath & drink. Shot 2 birds (L. occidentalis - 072, 073) with 2 shots - the 16 guage works better than the 410 for gulls! From a distance, sugarloaf has double-crested cormorants, gulls. Saw a flock of ca. 12 brown pelicans go patrolling by. 2 single terns - hunting alone - also went past (red bill, black cap, large, light wings, little fork - (aspian Tern)). Other birds - cliff swallows and barn swallows at Bridge's ranch house. White- rowned sparrows singing everywhere. Song sparrow. Killdeer at creek mouth. Turkey vultures, red-tails. June 5 1986 9:00 AM - 13:00 Weather - warm, high fog. Shooting gulls at creek outflow on beach just south of Sugarloaf rock, Humboldt Co., Calif. Shot a total of 5 gulls, hit each one with a single shot, but needed to finish off 2 birds still in water when they crash landed so they would not go out through the surf. DAB 074-078 acquired today. Drove back over Ferndale to Weott (Johns Dusty Knight)

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FIELD NOTES DOUG BELL June 6 1986 at Weott visiting John & Dusty Knight. John took Mara and I to the cliffs on the Eel River at Holmes (Humboldt Co.). We observed the cliffs from about 14:00-15:00. As soon as we arrived we heard wailing of a peregrine. Then saw a falcon fly in to the base of a tree on sheer face of left-hand cliff. Ka-chuck, ka-chuck heard. The falcon then flew from here to a branch snag to left of the tree. Sat there for at least an hour. Adult female S. After 48 minutes a falcon (ad j) flew out from the base of the tree and began soaring up. Went slowly up ca. 800 ft, circling. Didn't bother cultures or osprey also soaring around this stretch of the river. She then did a long slow steep and across the sky and landed in a tall dead snag way atop the cliff bank. It seems the S had transported food to the J at base of tree on cliff. She might have eaten, then soared out. Doesn't seem as if the have young. We left w both birds sitting on cliff & & snags. Trucks & tractors graveling going on at river below. Eel River

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Field Notes Doug Bell June 7 1986 11:00 - 11:45 at cliffs along Eel River at Holmes, Humboldt Co. CA. Took a couple pictures of the most likely nest cliff. Very strong wind. No trucks working the gravel bars. I scrutinized the cliffs for quite awhile, but absolutely no sign of any peregrine falcons. We drove on. 12:30 - 13:30 at Scotia Bluffs, along Eel River, N.E. Rio Dell, Humboldt Co., CA. These bluffs have always looked promising, with the best cliffs being the most "downriver" ones. Some good trees growing out from scattered ledges, but no great potholes visible anywhere. These cliffs, like those at Holmes, are of a soft sandstone which flakes away in large sheets with each passing winter. Looked real hard, but no sign of peregrines. Ravens & turkey vultures, great blue herons flying along the river. Calif. Quail & lesser goldfinches singing in brush on river's edge. 15:00 - 16:00 Looking over Trinidad Bay, CA for possible gull hunting. After going back to Arcata and arranging accommodation, went back to Trinidad to eat. From 19:40 - sunset (21:00) walked around Trinidad Head with Maren. Saw: Pelagic, Brandts, Double-crested Cormorants & nothing obvious thereof on offshore rocks. Pigeon guillemot in Bay. Common Murres. Lots of Western Gulls about. A positive sign. Glaucous-winged Gull flew by too! On Trinidad Head Trail Maren and I saw

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FIELD NOTES Doug BELL June 7, 1986 very clean american goldfinches - singing profusely. Varied thrushes were also singing. A small, almost uniform dark empidonax flycatcher. Two cowbirds. One hummingbird. In Trinidad harbor we saw 3 otters. Got very good views of them, as they were feeding on crabs and eating these on the rocks just below the pier. Chewing and some buzzing noises could be heard. These otter had uniform dark brown fur on back, somewhat lighter bellies, and light moust. Black eyes, longish, longitudinally flattened tail. Very active. They would come half-way, or almost completely out of the water to eat crab on a rock. Often stole each others crabs. At one point, 2 otters climbed up on a water-level dock, then slid back into the water. The 3 otters hung together as a group. June 8, 1986. Spent the night in Aosta, CA. At around 11:00 am we went up to Trinidad Harbor, checked to see about getting a boat to go out in Harbor for gull collecting, but it is too windy (Cale Force Winds). People also against our collecting them. Went back to Dune Beach, a county park, and walked up to the mouth of the Little River (Humboldt Co.). Good spot to see bathing gulls, but lots of people. Shot 2 Western Gulls (DAB 079, 080). Marsh Hawks seen at this dune area. After pushing the gulls Mom & I drove North. Checked at area @ Cold Bluffs Beach (good for Gulls, but need permission), and Lacks Coastal Drive (Flint Rock, Split Rock). Beaches inaccessible. Observed an osprey at Humboldt Lagoon - Drove twice, not successful.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell June 9, 1986 Camped last night at Mill Creek Campground, Del Norte County [illegible]. Very good spot. Alder groves on creek, redwoods in the campground. Chipmunks & Steller jays around. Robin, varied thrushes, chestnut-backed chickadees, Wilson's warblers seen in and about campground. Lots of Rhododendrons in the redwoods up here! We drove north to Crescent City, CA. Arrived 11:15 am. Went to Harbor District Office, to see about getting permission to collect gulls. The harbor master, Rick Taylor, said he would need to wait for a board meeting to decide. But he put me in touch with the Cal. Fish & Game Warden, Don Castineau (no. 464-3320; sheriff - 4191). Met the warden 3 hours later - he said no shooting from ss. city north to beyond Point St. George. Suggested the county dump or old mill road. Therefore went to county public works dept, asked Max Bridges for permission to collect. He obliged readily? Said I could collect during open hours of dump. We decided to go tomorrow morning. In the afternoon Norm & I had gone along Pebble Beach Drive, Crescent City, and observed the rocks & shore at various points. Lots of Western gulls (ad. & imm.) and Double-crested cormorants. A good freshwater creek flows out onto beach just south of Castle Rock. Gathering spot for gulls. Saw a patrol of pelicans go by (15), and an osprey cruised past, hunting the shoreline. Weather is warm & sunny, moderate to strong wind. Castle Rock is phenomenal: must be several tens of thousands of birds on the island - cormorants, gulls, murres, guillemoth, puffins. Massive coming & going of birds. 2 red-throated loons seen fishing in the surf. Barn & cliff swallows, crows, blackbirds, savannah sparrows in the grassy areas just in from the beaches.

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FIELD NOTES DOUG BELL June 10, 1986 Spent the night in a motel (Reef) in Crescent City- what a lousy place! From 0900-10:45 , went collecting gulls to the Crescent City county dump on Old Mill Road. It is just E of the Crescent City airport. Great place to collect - as it is very large, secluded in pines. Went around a lily-filled pond and track in to the fish dumping area. Loads of gulls (picture). Collected 6 birds or 7 shots. The 410 brought one bird down, but only peppered another. 16-gauge is the only way to go. All six birds were adult Western Gulls. (DAS 081-086). No adult Glaucous-winged were seen anywhere, but I did see 3 different imm. glaucous-winged gulls on the Crescent City coastline. After collecting, noon I went to beach to work-ups the gulls. Got very sunburned. Then went to Del Norte Ice Co., rented a locker for the birds (#213- $12.50/month), then headed north for Oregon. Oregon has a very beautiful coastline. Fantastic rocks in water. Very green. Not many people or garbage. We set up camp at Humbug Mountain Campgrounds, south of Port Orford, Ore. Great spot. Robin, Stellar Jays, Bewicks Wrens, Swainsons Thrushes. White-crowned Sparrows sound really different up here. June 11, 1986 Out of camp late today. Headed north. Humbug Mtn. was a very good campsite. Drove to Bandon, OR, on the Coquille River. Very nice area, lots of gulls. Saw an apparent 3-4 year old Glaucous-winged Gull. We then headed north, on bridge over Coquille R. there is a

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FIELD NOTES DOUG BELL June 11, 1986 fantastic gull nest (Western) on one of the pilings - looks perfect, took a picture. We went north through Coos Bay to Reedsport, ORE. Called Jon Johnson (ORE Fish & Wildlife), he gave directions to dump and to beach on 237 (excluded area). We went to dump - no gulls. Then on to the beach via 237 - good dirt road ca. 5 miles. Great beach locality - where creek empties into ocean about 25 gulls were milling about. But all immatures - no adults. Reedsport is practically in middle of Oregon Dunes - where there are no gull nesting areas. So - we decided to go back south to Bandon. This we did. (By the way - saw an Osprey catch a fish in surf out at beach off 237). We camped at Bullards Beach St. Park, just north of Coquille R. and Bandon. Lesser Nighthawks could be heard & seen skirting across the sky. June 12, 1986 Up early, packed. Drove to Bandon, checked with Police about shooting at dump. Went to dump. Poor place to shoot gulls - guy there told us we'd have to contact County Court House in Coquille. We went back to Bandon city. I looked around, checked with fishermen & Pat Commission. Nobody going out. We then drove south on Beach Loop Road - many large offshore rocks just south of south jetty. Many gulls - colonies on 2 big grassy rocks - almost seem reachable by foot at low tide (Oregon Island National Wildlife Refuge). Common & Marre colonies also present. But no place to shoot along these beaches - too many people, too many houses. But I'll have to collect at Bandon someday -

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FIELD NOTES Doug BELL June 12, 1986 need a boat though. No other way - shooting from beaches is out. An north jetty is also State Park property. Near lighthouse. Bare up with Bender - drove north to Coos Bay Checked with State Police - called County People in Coquille - no use of firearms in dumps. Can see lots of gulls in & among the pulp mills of Coos Bay & North Bend. We drove over to Charleston, ORE at mouth of Coos Bay. Talked to -Debbie Hansen (888-5515) - ORE F&W, then with the Oregon Inst. of Marine Biology. They gave me a number for DAN VAROUEJAN, who w/f: Marge works both at the institute and does alot of seabird (Murre, Petrel, and lately, Peregrine) research. Called him up at his house 756-6955. Had a very nice chat. Talked about his work here - he's done lots of large seabird survey work. He thinks his been seeing more hybrid gulls lately. Also more Peals' Peregrines in winter on the jetties & sand dunes. He invited me out with him, but he's not going until next Mon or Tues. He also said that the last good gull nesting is Coos Bay, then nothing until Sea Lion Caves. By the way, ORE F&W fowl people are: Bill Heins, Pete Perrin. Since no luck with govt. boats, I asked fishers. Wally Lewis (looks like Paul Newman) of the 'Sunbeam' agreed to take me out on Coos Bay to shoot gulls for $40.00. From 17:30 - 18:00 we went out, straight to large feeding congregation of guillemots, gulls & pelicans. Churned w/ 2 slices of bread - then started shooting. I shot five birds with five shots - all adult Western Gulls.

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FIELD NOTES Doug BELL June 12, 1986 DAB (087-091) - directly in Coos Bay, ORE. Weather was calm, sunny, warm. We picked up the birds and headed in. Marc & I then drove north. Beautiful coastline around Sea Lion Caves - also nesting gull & Cormorant colonies on the steep rocks (gulls are on grassy cliffs, corms around Sea Lion caves. Forgot to mention - I saw (maybe) one or two almost adult Glaucous-wings at Coos Bay (3-4 yr olds), and 2 apparent hybrids gulls. We pulled in and stayed at the Beachcomber motel (7 mi so. Yachits, ORE). neat beach - gulls wander past, Caspian Tern. Flut area - coastal meadow. Barn & Tree Swallows. Crows, Redwing Blackbirds. Am. Goldfinch - White-crowned Sparrow. June 13, 1986 Friday, the 13th. Out on the road at 11:00. We drove first to Waldport, ORE. Stopped, ate, did laundry. On to Newport and Yaquina Bay. Went straight to the OSU Hatfield Marine Science Center. Also stopped in at the OR. Dept Fish & Wildlife to ask about collecting gulls. The game wardens suggested Yaquina Head (but this is BLM property). They wanted to trade me 10 gulls if I would go out and get a tame deer for them. At the Marine Institute, I asked about freezer space and gull people. I got the name of Range Buyer (265-2965) , Bob Olsen and (867-3011 ext 244) Roy Lowe hm 867-4033 - called up Range buyer, very off 867-3011 ext 270

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell con't. June 13, 1986 nice fellow. He did the Munch article on gulls @ Yaquna. He also thought Yaquina Head easy to collect at - from land with traps. He suggested the Yaquima Estuary, where there are about 25-30 pairs nesting on every available space. But I need first to contact Don McKenzie of Lewis & Clark College, as he'll be doing an NSF-funded study of the gulls in the estuary. Seems there may be more hybrids there, and they act almost as year-round residents. Range Bayer said that during his study 3 yrs ago, he did not see any "pure" Glaucous-winged Gulls. I looked around the estuary in front of OSU Marine Institute - pairs are nesting on pilings & docks. Most seem to be good Western, but there was one female on a pile-nest with lighter primary tips - and a Glaucous-winged type bird landed on a pile post near this nest. Morn' I drove out to Yaquima Head - it's really interesting out there! Loads of nesting gulls on grassy slopes & cliff edges beyond the Lighthouse. Offshore rocks covered w/ Brandt's & Pelagic Cormorants, Common Murres, Gulls. The gulls are confusing. I saw flying birds that looked like good Glaucous-wing adults - also observed one sitting on grassy tussock - then scope it had pink eye-ring, brown sides, gray primaries. Some Glaucous-winged seemed to be bird in last stage of juvenile molt. Observed/photographed one pair - where male seemed to have faded pink eye-ring, brown sides, gray primaries. Female looked like Western, but she had dark sides. This pair choked together

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bed con't. June 13, 1986 Another pair also appeared mixed - female Western, but with dark irides, male Glaucous-winged, but with faded eye ring pinkish. Confusing? Question - at what point do Western gulls get yellow irises as they mature - 3rd, 4th year?. This spot good for future study. Could not get ahold of Roy Lowe. Drove on North - spent night in Motel Marina RV Park, 36220 Resort 503 985-6000 Drive on the Nestucca River. This is ca. 1 mi. spurries from Pacific City. Rainy. Saw a Green Heron along way. Forgot to note - we stopped at Seal Rocks north of Walport - St. Park Picnic area - only one good offshore rock w/ nesting gulls. Rock further out has cormorants & Pigeon Guilimots. Might be possible shooting site if I get park permission. June 14, 1986 Left the RV Park, drove about 2 mi. to Pacific City, ORE. From there we took the road down the spit to Nestucca Spit State Park. Even though it was a Saturday, there was nobody there. It had rained hard this morning, but by noon the weather was clear & sunny. We got the equipment out, and headed for the beach. Walked south along the beach about 2 miles - this Nestucca Spit is excellent for shooting gulls, good & secluded. Haystack Rock is about 3 mi. to its North. Shot 4 gulls in quick succession with 5 shots (DAB 092-095). Only one of the gulls seems to be less than pure 'Western'

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell cont. June 14, 1986 Most of the gulls flying by on the dune currents are good Western Gull adults (coastal birds). After parking the gulls we went back to the car. Drove thru town for a better view of Haystack Rock. It is just covered in gulls - seems as if every available spot is taken up with nests. Not many other seabirds on the rock - cormorants visible. Left Pacific City (14:20) and went north on 3 Cape Scenic Route. Stopped at Cape Lookout State Park. Decided to take the trail thru the Sitka Spruce forest to the Cape Lookout Point (2.5 mi. one-way). Beautiful trail, views south to Haystack Rock and north to 3-Arch Rocks. Many singing Swarisons thush, Varied Thrush, Robin, Wilson's Warbler, Tree Swallows, Crows, Ravens, Stellar's Jays, saw two Gray Jays (my first ones!!), Winter Wrens. Maven found a winter wren nest tucked in to a small root crevice on a large downed stump - the nest was a neat cup of woven stubs, containing 3 small pinkish/orangish eggs with brownish spotting. One Brown-headed Cowbird Egg also present (I took it). From the trail could also see ad. West. Gulls, some imm. Glaucous-winged Common Murres on sea below. a few Double-crested Cormorants "soared" past at our level (800 ft). Golden-crowned Kinglet, Cedar Waxwings also seen. We found a campsite, on Netarts Bay, ORE, several miles north of Cape Lookout. Campsite is parallel to road, primitive, but just a great spot! Campground is not state park. Crows, chestnut-backed chickadees, Great-blue

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Field Notes Doug Bell June 14, 1986 hen and flocks of Mallards (males in eclipse plumage) flying past. Western Gulls on bay. June 15, 1986 We are still heading north on the Three Capes Scenic Route. Drove past the Three Archers N.W.R. - three large offshore rocks visible from the town of Cape Meares, Oregon. Every available spot on those rocks has either gulls, murres or cormorants. We then drove on to Cape Mears Lighthouse. Good view of an offshore rock. On north path to the lighthouse there is a good viewpoint where one can see mainland sea cliffs. Isolated gulls meeting here (Western). One ad. glancous-ming flew over the lighthouse. From the path we could see nesting murres on the mainland sea cliffs - some pigeon guilemotto- guillomots, and, after a while of watching, a pair of tufted puffins. They were neat. Sat looking undecisively in front of some grassy tussocks. One bird looked like it wanted to go into a hole, but didn't. Instead, it flew down to water in a long, straight drop, out of view, only to return to its companion a half minute later (or was this the same bird). Song sparrows galore here. We drove on to Tillamook, ORt. Looks like the south jetty/spit could be good for shooting. Took a motel room at the IDLE Nook Motel,

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Field Notes Doug Bell Jun't June 15, 1986 Rockaway, Ore (26:50). We are both not feeling well today. Weather is windy, rainy. After showering we drove north to Nehalem Bay - it's a State Park - doesn't look like the long north spit is suitable for shooting - too many houses on south spit. The town of Manzanita, OR, just north is nice. Nehalem Bay was choppy, only saw 2 os. Westerns on it (18:50), a couple pigeon guillemots. Drove up Nahalem River a ways - very beautiful country. June 16, 1986 We drove out to the south Tillamook Bay Spit. This looks like county area, not State Park. Hunting is even allowed during season. From 12:00 - 14:00 we walked north from parking lot along road to the beginning of a forested dune area, then cut west across the spit to the ocean dunes. The beach was at first very secluded. Good spot to shoot. But my aim was off today - couldn't hit the broadside of a barn - shot 3 gulls using 9 shots (one bird I hit twice before it finally came down). Then nor: DAB 096-098. Weather was clear & sunny, fair wind picking up. It had rained this morning. On our way back to the car, on the bay side of the spit, we found a dead gull (fresh) lying in the mud (099). I collected it. It might

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell June 16, 1986 have been a gull that we saw 2 hrs earlier as we were going out to the dunes. The gull was lying flat as a pancake in the wind, wings droop drooping and panting. Or, this might have been one of my missed shots that finally came down. But it seems not - as it is very star light in act (700 gm) and looks emaciated. From 14:30-16:00 prepared the gulls. We then left Tillamook, ORE - drove to Chinook, WA. June 17, 1986 We spent the night in the Fort Columbia Youth Hostel. Real nice people, Frank & Sylvia run the place. Fort Columbia is on the Washington side of the Columbia River, just a couple miles west of the Astoria, ORE Bridge. We were up & out of the hostel went to the Chinook Harbor Master's Office. MR. GLENN LAGER. He said we could use his skiff to go out, but that it is already too rough to go out for today. We already have an outgoing tide too. So Maren & I first drove back to Astoria, ORE to check bank, eat, etc. The Astoria Bridge is a real "gull" bridge. The birds use it to get across the Columbia River without effort - they can soar at ca. 30 mph on the "eddies" created by the bridge and literally follow traffic. We went to Ilwaco and found a motel, as we wanted to repack everything. After 18:00 we drove out to the Nethird Lighthouse, then on to Fort Canby and Cape Disappointment. On the way to Fort Canby, WA we saw a Phealed Woodpecker

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June 17, 1986 backing away at a dead tree. We stopped the car, could see him real well about 20 yards away. He knacked the tree so hard, huge wood chips went flying. Often he would grab a 2 inch by 5 inch piece of wood and flick it away with his bill. A pair of flickers seemed upset at his presence. The flickers were calling. It was raining lightly, some broken sunlight appearing on the tree every now & then. We could see how the pileated was exposing insect holes and carefully picking them over. As we sat in car a deer fatted walked out of the brush. After 15-20 min. of watching the pileated, we drove on. At Fort Canby we had outstanding view of the Columbia mouth, broken cloud clouds. A large colony of Double-crested Cormorants is nesting on the rocks below the Cape Disappointment lighthouse & Fort Canby. They were very agile and fun to watch as they wheeled and turned, sometimes in flocks of 20-30 birds, sometimes as individuals, about the sea cliffs. They soared well. Large rafts of Surf Scoters on water below (+100 birds). Gulls also soaring about here. Most look like good Westerns, but some appear to be Glaucous-winged.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell June 18, 1986 The Harbor Master let us take his skiff out to East Sand Island at 12:52. The conditions were a bit too rough before that. High tide was at 10:15. We landed at Northeast end. As it turns out, we would have been better off to land at the middle north shore, just west of the half-mile-pin ruins and the large navigation platform. As we arrived, men saw a Canada Goose carrying young piggy-back. Flock of about 25 mallards here. Surf Scotas also rafting. Canada Goose, about 8 birds, 6 of which are about half grown. Loads of Caspian Terns - scaping our presence. Gulls all over too. Seems as if more Glaucus-winged trypes are nesting on the grassy dredge-spill area at east point of island. This place is a real smorgasbord of gulls! Both glaucous-winged & Western & hybrid. We marched along marsh shore, and all over is a type of mammal scat - from a plant eater. Some areas, like where I camped in the pines last year, are just covered with these scats. Paths are worn in the grass. Found 2 skulls - muskrat? Also saw what might be Whimbrel - about 5 birds total. At 15:30 I collected 3 gulls - a good Western w/ a bent leg, an apparent good Glaucus-wing - with dark irides and pink eye-ring, and a gull with even lighter primary tips than the Glaucus-wing, but a yellow eye-ring and Western-type irides. Confusing. Marn & I also checked over a number of nests - counting eggs & young. Data follows. Also saw 2 out of season

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Field Notes Doug Bell June 18, 1986 Franklin's Gulls: Nest data for middle portion of East Sand Island, Clatsop Co., Oregon. Nest habitat for this 50 x 20 meter broad stretch of island is grassy, sandy terrain with driftwood logs. No exposed sand. # Nests Gull Nests: 3 eggs 0 young 5 1 egg 1 young 2 2 eggs 1 young 2 1 egg 2 young 2 0 eggs 1 young 4 0 eggs 2 " 6 0 eggs 3 " 5 Empty 3 29 nests. June 19, 1986 Spent the night at the Youth Hostel, Fort Columbia. Then headed for Willapa Bay. Checked out Long Beach - as it is - a long beach, with few gulls, and perhaps miles of purplish Saitor-by-the-Sea that have washed up on shore. They almost look like pebbles. From Long Beach, WA we headed around southern Willapa Bay. In marshes we saw first about 8 Canada Geese feeding. Soon another pair came over, both doing a low, long stretched neck display. Apparently the male then proceeded to chase the other 8 members off of the island that they were resting on. All very

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FIELD NOTES. Doug Bell June 19, 1986 excited. The male honker then returned to the ?, and they did a neck-stretch display for at least a minute. Bathing was the next thing they did. We drove on to the Walla Walla Bay Natl. Wildlife Refuge office. There at the office, on their pond, were 2 pair of Canada Geese, with 5 & 8 young (3 & 6 weeks old) respectively. Also about 7 other adults on the pond. Refuge Manager is Jim Hidy (no longer Ulrich Wilson). Talked to the sec. Jane Dunlop. We had to wait 2 hrs for Hidy to show up. So we had a late lunch and sat at Walla Walla Bay, just across from Long Island. A cow family of 2 ad. & 1 begging young wandered by. Other cows individually bouncing about. When a cow got too close to the boat hit a ramp of the refuge, about 25-30 barn swallows would sound alarm & chase it away. At 16:00 we finally met Jim Hidy. He let us deposit 3 gulls in his freezer. Identified our mammal skulls from East Sand Island, Columbia River, to be beaver. Also said mink/skat would be much smaller, nutria would have not had such yellow teeth. Also, nutria scat are not as strong & compacted as the beaver scat we saw littering East Sand. He said young beaver often strike out on their own, can inhabit marshes, make deep paths thru marsh & brush (as we witnessed on East Sand). Saw some ring bills gulls on Walla Walla (immature). Also saw a young (jimm) Calif. Gull on Long Beach. We drove on around the Walla Walla Bay, over South

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Field Notes Doug Bell June 19, 1986 Bend, Tokeland (a weird town - just mobile homes) and Sea-Grayland. We set up camp at Grayland State Park, Grayland, WA. Good place - grassy, lots of brush & short (< 8'), scattered pines. White-crowned Sparrow, Song Sparrow, Bewick's Wren, Black-capped Chickadee Familles (!), Red-winged Blackbird, Brown headed Cowbirds, Downy Woodpeckers, Pheasants (head crowing), Swainson's Thrush. At a Freshwater pond we found 2 imm. (2 yz?) Glaucous-winged Gulls - one dead, other dying. We drove to Westport, on the So spit of Gray's Harbor. Weather calm, broken cloudy fronts. Towards sunset I watched a light primaried gull w/ pink eye ring + dark eye rings new with a dark-primaried gull w/ yellowish eyerings + light eyerings. June 20, 1986 Rain at 05:00, up at 06:00. Packed up camp, drove to Westport, on Gray's Harbor. At a large trailer full of fish remains there were about 100 gulls greedily feeding. Most seem to be of Western Persasion. But even those vary in their insides from light straw yellow, to greyish (uniform pigment over straw yellow) to dark. Eyerings vary from yellow to flesh to pinkish. While watching the gulls one was apparently hit by a car and sus- tained head injuries. I collected it immediately (DAB 103).

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell con't. June 20, 1986 We observed the birds at this trails at 09:30 and at 12:00. Primary tip color (light = gray ; dark = black) ; Eyering color ( Y = yellow , F = flesh , P = pink ) and Iris color were noted ( L = light , D = dark , G = gray ) for the following categories : p° Eyering Iris # of birds D Y L 111 111 111 11 = 17 D Y D 111 111 111 = 13 D Y G 111 111 111 = 15 D F L = 0 D F D 11 = 2 D F G 111 = 3 D P D = 0 T = 50 L Y L a = 0 L Y D a = 0 L Y G I = 1 L P D 11 = 2 L P G 111 = 3 L F D 11 = 2 L F G I = 1 T = 9 In addition, a 3rd year possible hybrid gull (grey back, brownish shoulders) had grayish irides. After counting and noting the gulls at the fish dumpster, we called up Steve Speich in Olympia to see about

FIELD NOTES Doug Bell cont. June 20, 1986 getting a boat ride to Whitcomb Island in Grays Harbor, WA. He suggested contacting the owner of Brady's Oysters on the south bay, just before the Elk River. We went there, he suggested contacting KEN WORTHINGTON in Westport, WA. This we did, and he agreed to take us out to the island for $20.00, would drop us off, then pick us up later. So at 14:00 he took us out to Whitcomb Island in Grays Harbor. We landed on the south west corner with his Dory, which was no problem as the bank was relatively steep here. We landed at about 1/4 outgoing high tide. He agreed to pick us up at 18:00. Whitcomb Island is essentially very flat, sandy bar, with two raised sections, one about in the middle and another near the SE corner: Site of major 2 colonies -> Raised dune areas, of gulls clumps of dune grasses WHITCOMB ISLAND, WA GRAYS HARBOR & all other areas could be inundated by tidal action. We censused about 1/4-1/5 of the areas containing nesting gulls on the island. This censusing was done in the major colony at the raised area of the island (A). The following categories of nests and nest propsers were noted:

FIELD NOTES Doug Bell cont June 20, 1986 Census of gull nests on Whitcomb Island, Grays Harbor, WA: (encompassing ca. 1/4 to 1/5 of all nests on the island) Nest Status Number of Nests Totals empty TII 11 7 1 egg TII TII 10 2 eggs TII XII TII XII XII 1 26 3 " TII TII TII TII 11 22 1 chick TII IIII 9 2 chicks TII XII 11 12 3 " TII TII 10 1 egg 2 chicks TII 11 7 egg 1 chick 11 2 1 dead chick 1 106 nests. After censusing I set out to trap birds in colony B. I had poor success, catching only one bird (?) off of a 3 egg nest (eggs not taken) - DAB 104. As time was getting advanced I got the gun and collected 2 other birds at this colony site (DAB 105, 106). I fired once with the 410, and 4 times with the 16 guage to down the 2 birds. Poor shooting!

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FIGLO NOTES Doug Bell June 21, 1986 Stayed in Motel in Aberdeen, WA.. Up & out, drove around north end of Grays Harbor, to Ocean Shores. The coast north of Grays Harbor is mostly resort. We could not find a suitable place to do the gulls. Went therefore back to Grays Harbor. Found good spot to do the gulls along a river that empties into the north side of Grays Harbor. After doing them, we drove on to Olympia. Great view of Mt. Rainier along the way. Saw an active Osprey nest near the nuclear power plants. Arrived in Olympia at about 17:40. Called Steve Speich, then went to Port of Olympia. The marshy area near East Bay Harbor, just behind the huge log piles, has been reduced by 73 and filled in with gravel. As a consequence, there are only 5 gull nests on the flats here. Still, lots of gulls are all over the place at this port. There seem to be more gull nests at the pier and on the small island at West Bay Drive, Olympia, all Glaucous-winged. At 19:00 we drove over to see Steve & Chris Speich, then went on to Seattle. June 22, 1986 Another incredibly beautiful day. Spent day in the city of Ken & Sara. Watched boats & birds at the locks which control Lake Washington - Puget Sound Traffic. Good spot for gull watching. At the locks there were some Glaucous-winged birds with nearly light-gray under, pink eye-ring.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell June 23, 1986 Drove from Seattle to the ferry at Mukilteo (sp?), which took us then over to Keystone on Whidbey Island. Then went to South Whidbey State Park - had good lunch. Nice spot, green fir, grassy. We drove on to Kingston to catch the ferry over to Port Townsend. The beach just south of Kingston would be a good shooting beach. The ferry ride was real windy, clear sky, sunny. Saw large rafts of feeding gulls & Rhinoceros Auklets. We met Steve Speich at Sequim Bay State Park. Camped there. June 24, 1986 Steve Speich motored us in his Boston Whaler over to Protection Island. Some wind, rough water, but sunny. Arrived at the island around 10:00. The island watcher from the Beach Club gave us a cool welcome, and Steve an even cooler one. But after he checked with Joe Galusha, he let us on. We were driven to the trailer, unloaded our stuff. By 11:30 we had our traps set out on grassy slopes at the brink of the steeper soil cliffs on the south side of the island. There are loads of Glaucous-winged gulls here. Rhino Auklet burrows abound on the slopes & amongst the gull nests. Trapped one gull off the 3 egg nest (DAB 108) and one off a 2 egg nest (DAB 107). Then reset traps, went back to trailer. At the trailer we got a good view of the Bald Eagle nest. In fact, in our way back along the road we saw one adult flying over the spit area. At the nest

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Field Notes Doug Bell June 24, 1986 I saw an adult fly down away from the nest. Then the flap of a wing, dark primaries from in the nest. The time was now 14:00. We went back to the trap spot, at the confluence of the roads leading down along the cliffs to the harbor. Caught the mate to 108 (DAB 109) off the 3 egg nest. Called Steve Speich on radio (17:00). Back at the trailers we were treated to great views of both adult eagles. They were being hassled harassed by crows. It was fairly windy now, when the eagles turned their heads away from the wind, the feathers would stick up like harpy eagles. Really beautiful birds! Brown-dark body feathers, etched, yellow legs, bills, irises. One bird, the 3, flew over to the ?, sat near her (pictures ?). He yawned a lot, matched ear, yawned some more. Through the late afternoon we were treated to many views of these birds. The nest is not more than 200 ft. from the trails, up in the crotch of a pine that's thinly leaved below, but open above. Still, it's protected from branches & stumps above. Miguel Ball & Mark Opp came by, we talked up a storm. Other birds on island: Allen's Hummer, Am Goldfinches, Wrens, Barn & Violet Green & Tree Swallows, Song Sparrows (4 baby cowbirds in tow!), Pheasant, Starling, Rough-winged Swallows, Brown-headed Cowbird - even saw an inn-begging from Song Sparrow parent. Savannah Sparrows, Meacocks (of course!), Bewicks Wren.

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Field Notes Doug Bell June 25, 1986 Awoke to the hunger calls of a young bald eagle. Got view of him sitting up in nest (6 1/2 weeks old). Black head & back. Greyish bill, deep, dark eyes. The adults really did not mind our presence within 80 yards of the nest tree - they were very used to activity at the Walla Walla College's Trailer. At various times throughout the day we could see the adults sitting either at the nest tree, or on favored trees nearby. They sometimes sat close together in the same tree. The adults were frequently hassled by one or more Northwestern Crows. Often a single crow would begin diving on a sitting adult bald eagle. The crow would utter various guttural, raucous caws, and incessantly stoop at an eagle, back and forth in a fashion partly like stooping a trained falcon at a lure. The eagle had no choice but to sit this treatment out, occasionally dodging its head or uttering shreeeump shreeeump calls. I never did see a crow actually hit or peck an eagle on its stoop, but they did come very close. Today I am trapping on gulls' nests just a little ways (50sds) west of where I was yesterday. This area of Protection Island (WA) is of the same habitat as the area of yesterday's trapping. Namely - thick grass clumps or uneven soft terrain riddled through with Rhino Auklet burrows. The gulls nesting here on this portion of the south side of the island are doing so from the road on down to the brink of steep,

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell cont. June 25, 1986 sandy cliffs. This area between the road and the edge of the cliffs encompasses anywhere from 10-60 meters, and varies in slope from level to about 45 degrees. Through the course of the day I caught one bird off a one-egg nest (DAB 110), egg taken, another gull off a three-egg nest (DAB 111) and finally, a bird off a two-egg nest (DAB 112), two eggs taken. Un- fornately, the nests could not also be trapped. After when we returned from trapping to the trails we could see one of the adult bald eagles sitting in a snag-looking quite conspicuous from a long way off. Towards sunset we went to the cliffs on North side, near the airfield, and watched several Tufted Puffins as they circled about in front of the high sea cliffs (500+?) and their currents as the wind picked up. Puffin would fly past within a few yards of us. They were good soarers as long as the wind kept up. It's funny to see gulls sitting in tall dead trees, but they do that on this side of the island. Here I also saw what looked like a good Western Gull pass past the cliffs. Nigel Ball later told me he has a pair of dark-primary tipped, yellow eye-ring & white gulls nesting near his blind down on the east spit in their study area. At dusk I checked the traps - had caught a perfect 8 blue-wing on a 3 egg clutch - she had uniform dark brown under, pink eye ring, gray primaries- and was in perfect feather. I let her go free. We returned to Nigel Ball, Mark Ops & Tim's House for a dinner

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell con't. June 25, 1986 imitation. The "Beach Club" caretaker was also there, John Lenery. About ½ hour after sunset (22:30) we could see, from their living room, Rhino Gulls returning from the sea to their burrows. They seemed to land heavily into the ground (5 yds to cliff from the house), and then just sit awhile in order to orient themselves. June 26, 1986 lumped again in the same spot - near the Walla Walla Trailer. Talked with Melinda, Mary & Joe Calush just a bit last night before returning retiring. Up today at 7:00. Tim offered to help me catch gulls with a new cannon-net set-up they developed, so I agreed. It took a while to set up, but we did this over a 3-egg nest in the same general area I had been trapping before. The nest was on a level patch. The cannon net was probably 1½ m². It was attached to 4 rings - one at each corner, and the rings were run down 2 1-meter wood dowels to lock behind 2 solenoid controlled holding pins. The rings were then put under tension by attaching the 2 leading rings to 12 foot bungee cords, which were staked into the ground, stretched. Activation of the solenoids, releasing the pins holding the net, was affected by circuit-closing pin; powered by a car battery. The whole operation worked very well. The female gull walked into her nest, looked a bit uneasy, but we

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Field Notes Doug Bell June 26, 1986 caught her (OAB 113). I took her 3 eggs too. After packing everything up Joe Galusha took us off the island in his Boston whaler. We went back to the boat ramp at Sequim Bay State Park. On leaving Protection Island, just outside the marina, I again as last year, saw a pair of Harlequin Ducks. Maren & I left Sequim Bay at 12:15, heading south. We were in Olympia by about 15:30. Left Olympia at 16:15, drove to Willapa Natl Wild Refuge Headquarters (Ilwaco, WA) by about 18:10, then went on to Rockaway, Oregon (20 mi N. Tillamook), arriving about 21:30. June 27, 1986 Went from Rockaway, OR to Crescent City, CA today. Picked up my "freezer" gulls in Tillamook County Hospital and at the OSU Marine Science Lab in Newport, OR. Left a message there for Roy Lowe. The gulls at Yaquina Head, OR were making good nesting progress. Over half of the nests had chicks ranging in age from fresh to 2 weeks old. Saw good Westers with dark irides, and good Glaucous (or hybrid?) with light irides & yellow eye rings. One pair near the lighthouse had a male light-plumaged gull with yellow eye ring, lighter darker irides, and a female with Wester character except for relatively darker irides. Lots of Pelagic ternal comments and brown Marres with chicks here too. White-crowned Sparrows singing.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell June 28, 1986. Spent the night in a motel in Crescent City, CA. While turning off south-bound US 101 just as it curves sharply at the south end of Crescent City, Maren spotted a fresh, but dead, Cassins Auklet lying on the street, below a large neon sign. We collected the Auklet (VAB 114)-it's in good shape, has a few lice. We headed south, picking up gulls from freezers in Crescent City, Trinidad HSU Marine Lab, and HSU Wildlife Dept. Also stopped in at John & Dusty's in Weed. Next stop was at the Hopland Brewery, where the bartender told us that Peregrines are nesting on Squaw Rock, in so. Mendocino Co., just on 101. We stopped at this beautiful rock from 20:20 to 20:50. At first we saw what I thought was just a Kestrel soaring above the rock. Then Maren pointed out an adult Peregrine (♂) sitting way up, so that only his upper breast & head were visible in the rock. He sat at one spot for 10min, then flew across the rock to the middle of it and disappeared on a large flat fissure (ledge). We were then treated to several short, but sweet views of an imm peregrine (also ♂), as it soared about the very top of the rock, darting with the wind to and fro. It was a great sight to end our field trip!

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell July 11, 1986 09:30 - Alcatraz I, S.F. Bay, Calif. Ray Pirrotti - recording gull calls on cistern. Tape I., side 2, near last 1/4 of tape. Broad shots of colony - recording all at once - long calls - mild alarm calls, chicks begging. Mup-mup mup calls, etc. 10:30 - Recording calls & begging at building next to parade grounds. Lots of interference from helicopters, people, pile-drivers at fishermans wharf. Collected 3 dead chicks (1 banded) off the parade grounds. 11:31 - group of adults fighting on tin roof of building next to parade grounds. One chick seen tumbling away from mothers. Outstretched wings so it wouldn't roll off roof. All 3 chicks of brood struggled to get away from fighting, reassembled together, huddling at edge of roof. 11:45 - Back at cistern. Recorded a couple intervals. Banded birds - one (S?) left leg, silver F&W & white band. ? behind him has only a F&W band, right leg. 11:50 - Adult ? in IB - regurgitates couple anchovies. 11:58 Adult in cistern - regurg. 4 anchovies - 2 chicks devour first 2, then "play" with next 2 anchovies, just as Ray's captive birds do. 12:14 - IB - chicken regurg to 3 chicks, adult keeps picking up remains to entice chicks to eat chicken chunks.

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FIELD NOTES Doug Bell July 11, 1986 12:20 - Alcatraz I., SF Bay. Weather - clear sunny, wind ↑. 2 pairs of gulls on the cistern are apparently "chickless" but are going through extensive choking, long calling, sitting side by side, meowing, courtship feeding. View from blind: cement cistern N ↑ pairs establishing territories? nest: 3 chicks bush nest, chicks scrub burk grass nest: incub. bird July 12, 1986 10:50 : Alcatraz I., S.F. Bay, Calif. Weather - clear, but high fog over Golden Gate. Sunny, cool in shade. Windy - moderate. In blind with Maren - view over cistern, industry building Most chicks about 3-4 weeks old. Some younger, some older. Behind rock 32 a couple chicks are practicing flying on the strong wind: flap, bowyed up 1-1½ m, then back down to the ground. Heavy legging from the chicks. The two pairs that were seen "in new territories" yesterday are not there now. 10:58 - Adults doing frequent long calling, 2 pair also meowing. Combat - one adult of 3 chick nest on close right corner stooped on a lone adult sitting on cistern. Dropped swiftly on it, gripping bill, tussel ensued. Finally, the attacked bird got

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Field Notes Doug Bell July 12, 1986 flew, flew off, only to be stopped on by another adult. After the second attacker dived, its "mate" soared by giving long call. One gull on IB still incubating, other pair on cistern close to blind also incubating. 11:08 - chick feeding - small fish. 11:10 another fish feeding - small anchovies? (<3") 11:14 Starling chased away by adult? 11:20 - chick in front practicing flying. 11:24 - feeding - garbage. brownish 11:28 - 4 yr. bird - adult lack except for windowless p's, and a couple tail feathers w/ black: landed, left leg, F&W + yellow. Adult on cistern, landed, left leg, F&W + white. On cistern - 4 yr. bird (?) landed left by - F&W., 2 rows of light brownish spaced coverts on shoulder, blackish p's, windowless, and some black on tail.

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