Field notes, v1305

Greene, Harry W., 1945-
Unknown
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley
Original Source
Source Material:
Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from CLIR https://archive.org/details/fieldnotesv130500gree
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H. Greene 1982-1984 Catalogue #1135-1483 Journal 1982 Costa Rica Calif: Mendocino, Inyo, San Bernadino, Riverside, Kern Cos. 1983 Costa Rica Calif: Kern Co. 1984 Calif: Mendocino Co. Costa Rica Oklahoma: Cimarron Co. New Mexico: San Miguel, Cibola Cos. Calif: Orange, San Bernadino Cos.
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Steere, H. 1982 23 April Near Pisgah Crater, 7.3 mi W. of RR Tracks on National Trail Hwy, (continued) San Bernardino Co., California 1135 Phrynosoma platyphirios DOR 1917 hr 24 April Pisgah Crater, San Bernardino Co., California 1136 Gambelia wislizeni 0904 hr "black" 1137 Gambelia wisligni ~1100 hr 1138 Phrynosoma platyphiros 1139 Crotalus mitchelli 0930hr 1.0 mi S. Cal City Blvd on Rd to Hwy 58, Kern Co., California 1140 Crotalus scutulatus DOR 2010 hr, 11.5g 7.6mi S. Cal City Blvd on Rd to Hwy58, Kern Co., California 1141 Crotalus scutulatus DOR 2034hr, 22g 7.8 mi S. Cal City Blvd on Rd to Hwy 58, Kern Co., California 1142 Crotalus scutulatus DOR ~2037 hr, 16.5g 25 April 5 mi N. California City, Kern Co., California 1143 Phrynosoma platyphirios AOR ~0900hr 7 May 8.6mi E Hwy 395 on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1144 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2057 hr 332+30 32g (kept by D. Wundell) 23.2 mi E Hwy 395 on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1145 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2124hr 8 May Trona Road, 1mi N of Hwy 395, San Bernardino Co., California 1146 Crotalus mitchelli AOR 1551 hr Near Pisgah Crater, 1.6 mi W. of RR tracks on National Trails Hwy San Bernardino Co., California 1147 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2023hr 351+15mm 23g (incl. prey)
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Greene, H. 1982 8 May 10.1 mi E Newberry Springs (F40) on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1148 Coleonyx variegatus AOR 2126 hr 1.4 mi E Newberry Springs (F40) on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1149 Hypsiglena torquata DOR 2145 hr on National Trails Highway 10 May 0.4 mi W of RR tracks, near Piogah Gater, San Bernardino Co., California 1150 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2015hr 51g (incl prey) 390+38mm on National Trails Hwy Near Piegah Gater, 2.7 mi E of RR tracks, San Bernardino Co., California 1151 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2027 hr 12 May 5 mi N California City, Kern Co., California 1152 Crotalus scutulatus active 10:30 hr P4/2+61mm 4/08 ~3 mi N California City, Kern Co. California 1153 Gambelia wislizeni ♀ 1154 Zyrx rufus scat 11 May Piegar Crater, San Bernardino Co., California 1155-1158 Lyngbya rufus scat 12 May 37.2 mi W Panamint Valley Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1159 Coleonyx variegatus AOR 2155 hr aberrant striped pattern 13 May 4.2 mi W Darwin Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1160 Crotalus mitchelli AOR 0032 hr 6.2 mi NW Redrock-Randsburg Rd on Garlock Rd., Kern Co. California 1161 Crotalus cerastes DOR 0955 Redrock-Randsburg Rd on Hwy 14, Kern Co. California 1162 Masticophis flagellum AOR 1021 hr
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Alene, H. 1982 15 May 4.9 mi E. Alameda Co. line on Coral Hollow Rd., San Joaquin Co., California 1163 Crotalus viridis AOR 2040 hr 30g (incl prey) 298+24mm 4.4 mi E. Alameda Co. line on Coral Hollow Rd., San Joaquin Co. California 1164 Crotalus viridis AOR 2049 hr (kept by David Cundall) 2.0 mi E. Alameda Co. line on Coral Hollow Rd., San Joaquin Co., Cal. 1165 Arizona elegans AOR 2116 hr 8g 263+38 mm 3.0 mi E. Alameda Co. line on Coral Hollow Rd., San Joaquin Co., California 1166 Crotalus viridis AOR 2121 hr. 481+27mm 75g (kept by D. Cundall) 1.2 mi E. Alameda Co. line on Coral Hollow Rd, San Joaquin Co., Cal. 1167 Crotalus viridis AOR 2146 hr 36g 371+32 mm 2.2 mi E. Alameda Co. line on Coral Hollow Rd., San Joaquin Co., California 1168 Pituophis melanoleucus AOR 2159 2.5 mi E. Alameda Co. line on Coral Hollow Rd., San Joaquin Co., California 1169 Pituophis melanoleucus AOR 2213 4/5+60mm 32g 28 May 5 mi N. California City, Kern Co., California 1170 Pituophis melanoleucus 370g 927+128 Progen Crater, San Bernardino Co., California 1171 Crotalus mitchelli active ~1740 hr 1172 Crotalus cerastes 120g 507+27mm 1173 Crotalus cerastes 53g 405+38 mm
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Greene, H. 1982 11 April 7.3 mi. N. Novato (at Hwy 37) on Hwy 101, Marin Co., California 1125 Lampropeltis getulus DOR at 1310 hr 17 April 6.1 mi E. Flynn Creek Rd. on Orr Springs Rd., Mendocino Co., California 1126 Charina bottae Coll. J.H. Carothers 7.7g, 226+26mm 1127 Charina bottae Coll. R.L. Seib 56.5g, 413+58+? mm 23 April 128 mi W. Barstow on Hwy 58, San Bernardino Co., California 1128 Pituophis melanoleucus AOR/DOR 1613 hr, 17.5g Near Pisgah Crater, 5.9 mi W. of RR tracks on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1129 Crotalus cerastes AOR 1919 hr, 84g Near Pisgah Crater, 11.5 mi W of RR tracks on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1130 Crotalus cerastes AOR 1934hr, 55g Near Pisgah Crater, 3.8 mi W. at RR tracks on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1131 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2025 hr, 40g Near Pisgah Crater, 1.2/5.6 mi. W. of RR tracks on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1132 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2032 hr, 69g Near Pisgah Crater, 2.0 mi W. of RR tracks on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1133 Crotalus cerastes 2036 hr AOR, 75 g Near Pisgah Crater, 0.6 mi W. of RR tracks on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1134 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2057 hr, 44g
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Greens, H. 1982 28 May Near Pisgah ~5 mi E of Newberry Springs on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1174 Crotalus cerastes AOR 38g 337+31mm 4.2 mi W. Anboy on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co. California 1175 Crotalus cerastes AOR 7g 206+14mm San Bernardino Co., California 1176 Crotalus cerastes AOR 100g 509+33 mm Near Pisgah Gate, 2.5 mi W. of I-40 overpass on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1178 Chinactus occipitalis AOR (orange interpaces) 7g 233+52mm 1177 chinactus occipitalis AOR 7g 230+49mm 2.8 mi W of I-40 overpass on Natl. Trails Hwy, near Pisgah Gate 1179 Arizona elegans AOR 9.5g 309+46 mm 2 Uta reburg. & saved 29 May Pisgah Gate, San Bernardino Co., California 1180 Crotalus mitchelli 0910m 1181 Crotaphytus bicinctres 36g Near Pisgah Gate, 0.2 mi W. of RR tracks on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1182 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2120m 67g 446+29 mm ? 0.9 mi W. Juddow (I-40) on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1183 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2147m 110g 523+57mm 6.6 mi W. Juddow (I-40) on Natl Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co. California 1184 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2205m 57g 396+26mm
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Heene, H. 1982 29 May 6.3 mi. W. Judlow (I 40) on Natl. Trail Hwy San Bernardino Co., California 1185 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2227 hr 1/5g 478+30 mm 13.6 mi. W. Judlow (I 40) on Natl. Trail Hwy, San Bernardino Co. 1186 Arizona elegans AOR 1/5g 695+98 mm 10.8 mi W. Judlow (I 40) on Natl. Trail Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1187 Arizona elegans AOR 140g 720+79mm 1188 Crotalus cerastes AOR 12g 240+15 mm 1189 Crotalus cerastes AOR 46g 482+24 mm 1190 Crotalus cerastes AOR 26g 306+29mm 1191 Arizona elegans AOR 79g 612+98 mm 1192 Arizona elegans AOR 178g 775+117 mm 30 May 12 mi S. Jct. Panamint Valley Rd on Teona-Wildflower Rd. Inyo Co., California 1193 Phrynosoma platyhius AOR/DOR 1306, pro 1800h 20g
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Greene, H. 1982 30 May Darwin Falls Canyon, x 2 mi S. Hwy 190 on Darwin Rd., Inyo Co., California 1194 Crotaphytus vicinctoros x 1300m, pres. 1800m 9.5 mi E. Saline Valley Rd on Hwy 190 Inyo Co. California 1195 Chionactis occipitalis AOR 2147M 8.5g 252+55mm 6.8 mi W. Darwin Rd. (E. Jct.) on Hwy 190, Inyo Co, California 1196 Chionactus occipitalis AOR 5.5g 218+47mm 9.2 mi W. Darwin Rd (E. jct.) on Hwy 190, Inyo Co. California 1197 Chionactus occipitalis AOR 8g 240+24+? 0.2 mi. E. Darwin Rd. (E. Jct.) on Hwy 190, Inyo Co. California 1198 Crotalus cerastes AOR 6.5g 207+19mm 2.6 mi. E. Saline Valley Rd. on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1199 Crotalus cerastes AOR 64g 380+38mm 21 June 22 mi W. Hwy 6 on Hwy 120, Mono Co., California 1200 Uta stansburiana 1.3 mi W. Saline Valley Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., Californie 1201 Rhinocheilus lecontei DOR 220m 50g 0.8 mi E. Saline Valley Rd. on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1202 Rhinocheilus lecontai AOR 220M 78g 580+96mm 0.5 mi W. Darwin Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., Californa 1203 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2235m 55g 405+30mm
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Helene, H. 1982 23 June 6.6 mi N. I40 on Kellohard Rd., San Bernardino Co., California 1204 Masticophis flagellum 1155 hr 138 g 862+298 mm 6.0 mi ENE Randsburg-Mojave Rd on 20 Mule Team Parkway Keen Co., California 1205 Crotalus scutulatus AOR 2126 hr 140g 606+45mm 10.4 mi ENE Randsburg-Mojave Rd on 20 Mule Team Parkway Keen Co., California 1206 Crotalus scutulatus AOR 2141 hr 70g 467+36 mm 7.4 mi ENE Randsburg-Mojave Rd on 20 Mule Team Parkway Keen Co., California 1207 Crotalus scutulatus AOR 2153 hr 425+32 mm 18/10g 60 g 2 rodents HF 5.1 mi ENE Randsburg-Mojave Rd on 20 Mule Team Parkway Keen Co., California 1208 Crotalus cerastes DOR 2201 hr 3.1 mi ENE Randsburg-Mojave Rd on 20 Mule Team Parkway Keen Co., California 1209 Rhinocleitus lecontei AOR 2209 hr 2 rodents HF 18/5-20g 110 g (4 prey) 643+104 mm 24 June 5 mi N. California City, Keen Co., California 1210 Crotalus scutulatus active 0915 hr 790 g 925+75 mm 1211 Crotalus cerastes active 0920 hr 120 g 450+30 mm 3.4 mi N. California City (Mojave-Randsburg Rd) on Nevalia Rd. Keen Co., California 1212 Masticophis flagellum AOR/DOR 1127 hr 310 g 1025+335 mm 21 June 7.2 mi NE Big Pine (Hwy 395) on Hwy 168, Inyo Co., California 1213 Crotalus mitchellii DOR
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Helene, H. 1985 /12 January Carizal, Provincia Alajuela, Costa Rica 1214 Centrolenella ilex 1440m C. prosoblepon 1215 Centrolenella ilex 1440m C. prosoblepon ~10 km WSW Puerto Viejo de Saposigue, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1216 Bufo haematiticus 1217 Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri 1218 Smilisca sordida /13 January ~10km WSW Puerto Viejo de Saposigue, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1219 Bufo haematiticus 1220 Bufo coniformis 1221 Eleutherodactylus Leptodactylus melanorotus 1222 Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri /1020' 1223 Dendrobates pumilo 1224 Anolis limifera cusp 1645 leonovio 1225 Anolis tropidolepis 190m along creek coll. M. Higum 1226 Rana warschowskii 190 m along creek coll. M. Higum 1227 Hyla Smilisca sordida ~1945 on leaf, 1m alticollis /14 January 1228 Stomach contents of Teucopterus (F.G. Stiles 1903, 822g), grasshopper marsfordi ^ 1229 Eleutherodactylus 1357m, /100', red on thighs 1230 Rana warschowskii 1357m, /180' 1231 Dendrobates pumilio 1411m, /140' 1232 Rhadinaea decorata 1436m, /160' 1233 Epipedaphya flavimaculata 1500 m, /200' 1234 Tepidoblepharis xanthophila ~1600m 1235 Mantodea conchosa coll. C. Hongz
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Greene, H. 1983 14 January 10 km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1236 Rana warschewitschii coll. C. Jones 1237 Eleutherodactylus cerasinus coll. C. Jones red on thighs 1238 Eleutherodactylus transfordi coll. C. Jones 1239 Anolis leuileis coll. C. Jones 1240 Eleutherodactylus biporcatus coll. M. Frajtenberg 4 fingers 1241 Eleutherodactylus 1945 in fitzingeri 15 January 10 km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1242 Leptodeira septemrioralis 11.5g 1243 Bufo holdidigi soccifer marinus 1244 Eleutherodactylus Leptodactylus melanotus 1245 Rana warschewitschii 1246 Anolis biporcatus daslep bluish white w/ black spots 10.7g 16 January 10 km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1247 Dendrobates pusillus 1260', ≈1200m 1248 Splernoroplus cheniei ≈1200', ≈1215h 2.7g 1249 Eleutherodactylus varinus coll. C. Jones black mask 17 January 10 km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1250 Felis onca scat 1251 Dendrobates pusillio 1252 Eleutherodactylus sp small red spots on dorsum rugulosus 1253 Eleutherodactylus sp small red spot on dorsum 1254 Eleutherodactylus 1255 Eleutherodactylus all transfordi 1256 Eleutherodactylus red on thighs 1257 Eleutherodactylus 1258 Eleutherodactylus
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Greene, H. 1983 17 January 10 km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1259 Eleutherodactylus viporatus 1260 Eleutherodactylus [illegible] red on thighs, rusty dorsal stripes 1261 Anolis 1262 Anolis humilis lastap orange-red w/ white flecked gold border 1263 Anolis stripe on dorsum, by Rio Guasimo 1264 Anolis leiotis dewlap orange-yellow 1265 Lapidoblepharis xanthostigma near Q. Cartavana, coll. C. Hingle 1266 Anolis coll. A. Mena Rojas 1267 Anolis coll. A. Mena Rojas 1268 Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri mid dorsal light stripe coll. A. Mena Rojas 1269 Eleutherodactylus cerasinus tan heels red on thighs coll. A. Mena Rojas 1270 Eleutherodactylus cerasinus red on thighs coll. A. Mena Rojas 1271 Oxybelis leucoschistos 24.3g coll. A. Mena Rojas 1272 Dendrophidion viriditor 33.5g coll. M. Grayum 18 January 10 km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1273 Micrurus nigrocinctus 85 g 7554-780 coll. Jorge 1274 tadpoles (lot) (6) flooded grassy area 1275 Eleutherodactylus leptodactylus melanotus 1276 Eleutherodactylus leptodactylus melanotus 1277 Bufo haddidgei coccifer marinus 1278 Bufo haddidgei coccifer 1279 Rhadinaea decorata 4g coll. M. Grayum 1280 Eleutherodactylus cerasinus coll. A. Harlshorn 1281 Eleutherodactylus cerasinus coll. J. Harlshorn 1282 Eleutherodactylus [illegible] coll. A. Harlshorn 1283 Eleutherodactylus minus coll. A. Harlshorn
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Blene, H. 1983 18 January 10 Km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1284 Anolis 36g green dorsum dark w/ white borda coll. A. Mena Rojas 1285 Bufo melanochloris coll. A. Mena Rojas 1286 Smartoles coll. A. Mena Rojas Rio Peje drainage 1287 Atelopus varius coll. A. Mena Rojas 1288 Bufo haematiticus 19 January 10 Km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1289 Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri coll. G. Hartshorn ~1.5 km W. of R. Guasimo 1290 Hypsiboas melanopis 195g ~450m coll. A. Mena Rojas 1291 Eleutherodactylus biporcatus 45g removed from HWG 1290 1292 Heptophis depressicostis 65g ~325m coll. G. Hartshorn SC removed 1293 Bothrops ascutus 24g ~375m coll. G. Hartshorn 1294 Rhadinaea decorata 5.5g ~350m coll. A. Mena Rojas ~310m tail tip lost 1295 Rhadinaea decorata 4.8g in capture coll. G. Hartshorn 1296 Eleutherodactylus sp. rugulosus coll. G. Hartshorn 1297 Eleutherodactylus biporcatus coll. G. Hartshorn bright red prox. 1298 Eleutherodactylus cerasinus in groin coll. G. Hartshorn red in groin 1299 Eleutherodactylus transfordi rusty dorsal w/ strip coll. G. Hartshorn 1300 Dendrobates pumilio 1280' /030 hr SC removed 1301 Dendrophidion vinitor ~50g coll. G. Stiles 1302 Oxybelis trivincatus ~400m, near R. Guasimo 0.4g coll. C. Pringle 1303 Bufo melanochloris ~400 m near R. Guasino coll. C. Pringle dorsal yellow-cream w/ light flecks 1304 Anolis lionotus 600-640m, Rio Guacimeto, coll. C. Pringle 1305 Anolis capito 500 m, near Rio Peje, coll. M. Brayar dorsal/white brown yellow flecks 4.5g 1306 Anolis limifrons dorsal slate w/ yellow spot 1307 Anolis sphenorophis cherisei I. Chacone 1308 Atelopus varius 600-640m R. Guasimto coll- & C. Pringle
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Gleene, H. 1983 19 January 10Km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1309 Atelopus varius coll. I. Chacon 1310 Atelopus varius & C. Pringle, 600- 1311 Atelopus varius 640m, Rio 1312 Atelopus varius Huacinito 20 January ~10Km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1313 Anolis limifrons 570m dorslap yellow & white w/orange spot 1314 Eleutherodactylus cerasinus 1315 Atelopus varius 21 January ~10 Km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 13/6 Atelopus coll. ♂ varius 1317 Atelopus varius 1318 Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri 710m on tinca 1319 Anolis leonotis White flecks 1725hr dorslap orange w/ 1320 Smiliaca phaeota on leaf ~200hm 1321 Anolis limifrons ♀ 1322 Anolis biporcatus dorslap white stroaked w/ black or brown 22 January ~10 Km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1323 Ameiva festiva liv Reje coll. C. Gonz abactulla 135g sc removed 1324 Leptophis depressirostris /677+63/ Rio Reje coll. C. Gonz bright red yellow eyes 132# Eleutherodactylus cerasinus thighs coll. C. Pringle Eleutherodactylus regularus 43.5g 1135hr, /900' belly white dors & stipe maty 1327 Eleutherodactylus biporcatus /620' died in bag 1328 Bufo haematitices 1329 Atelopus varius 900m coll. G. Hartshorn 1330 Mastigodryas melanolomus 270+93 5.0g coll. A. Mena Rejos 1331 Xanodon rhadophoides coll. A. Mena Rejos
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Guevara, H. 1983 23 January ~10 Km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1332 Bufo coriferus coll. C. Frighi 1333 Anolis biporcatus scales and darker splotches 95mm SV mating left develop bluish white w/brown 18.3g 24 January ~10 Km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1334 Leptophis depressirostris 1245h, 73g, 685+381 sc removed 1335 Chironius grandisquarrus 610g 1177 + 671mm 1334h 1336 Felis onca track cast in paraffin 1337 Leptodactylus pentadactylus 165g 1338 Smilisca sordida 2 February Finca de Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1339 Felis onca scat 500m marker on Holdridge Trail 1340 Felis onca scat ~925m marker on Far Jooop Trail 6 February Finca de Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1341 carnivore scat (fiera?) 1342 Felis onca (?) scat 1343 Felis onca (?) scat 1344 Felis onca (?) scat 1345 carnivore scat (procyonid?) (didelphid?) 8 February 1346 animal remains - carnivore kill? 9 February 1347 Norops capito, stomach contents only 10 February 1348 carnivore scat 11 February 1349 Felis onca scat (sloth)
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Green, H. 1983 13 February Finca La Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica /150 Projectum of Neorps humilis (see field notes) 15 February 1351 Felis onca scat CC < 902m 17 February 1352 Felis onca scat Holdridge Trail 325m 15 February Ceno de la muerte, Prov. Costa Rica 1353 Felis cf. concolor scat coll. Chris Leahy 7 March Finca La Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1354 Felis onca scat, new property, Otaojo 70 March 1353 Neorps capito (stomach contents only) 1355 Coendou mexicanus (foot only - predator kill) 10 March 1356 Neorps capito (stomach contents only) 17 March 1358 Pseustes poecilornatus (snake released, stomach contents saved - 4/both) 4 May 1359 Pituophis melanoleucus 5 May 1360 Masticophis flagellum [illegible] 1361 Crotalus cerastes 7 May 1362 Crotalus scutulatus
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Helen, H. 1983 7 May California, San Bernardino Co., Kelso Dunes 1363 Pituophis melanoleucus active 0945 hr 390g 940+142 mm California, Inyo Co., 4.6 mi W. Darwin Wash Rd on Hwy 190 1364 Crotalus cerastes fresh DOR ~2040hr 20 May California Contra Costa Co., Briscoe Regional Park 1365 Eumeces stiltonianus (stomach contents ? Lampropeltis getula) 22 May California Contra Costa Co., 1.5 mi E Bear Creek Rd on Altamira Valley Rd. 1366 Pituophis melanoleucus fresh DOR 1320 hr 540g 1080+205 mm 2 June California, Alameda Co., Mints Rd. S. Tesla Rd. 1367 Pituophis melanoleucus stomach contents (snake released) coll. M.T. Mendoza. 6 Microtus smoke 43g 470+79mm ♂ 9 September ~2 mi N. California City, Kern Co., California 1368 Crotalus scutulatus AOR/DOR 0006 hr 5 mi N. California City, Kern Co., California 1369 Crotalus scutulatus 0948hr 700g 920+71 mm ♂ 10 September 1/1 mi S. Kelso Dunes Rd on Kelbaker Rd, San Bernardino Co., California 1370 Crotalus scutulatus jun. AOR 2028hr. 9.7g 262+21 mm 11 September 23.5 mi N. Kelso RR Crossing on Kelbaker Rd San Bernardino Co., California 1371 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2135hr 140g 505+49 mm 0.7 mi N. Kelso RR Crossing on Kelbaker Rd, San Bernardino Co., California 1372 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2223hr 24.5g 330+22 mm 12 September Pisgah Crater, San Bernardino Co., California 1373 Hadrumus 3 October Jct. Kelbaker Rd & I-140, San Bernardino Co., California 1374 Crotalus scutulatus AOR 1530hr coll. J.H. Carothers 743+55 mm 230g August Finca La Solva Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 1375 Lachesis muta
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Heene, H. 1983 8 November Costa Rica, Prov. Cartago, Parros Coll. F. Antonio 1376 Lachesis muta ~ 80 cm♀ scat only, deposit 12Nov 83
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Stene, H. 1984 24 March 6.1 mi E Flynn Creek Rd on Orr Springs Rd, Mendocino Co., California 1377 Charina bottae 81.3g ♀ 498+61 mm 1378 Charina bottae 53.1g ♂ 409+66 1379 Thamnophis couchii 24.2g 387+145 1380 Thamnophis elegans 65.1g 518+177 mm 1381 Thamnophis sirtalis 43.5g 473+64+? 1382 Taricha rivularis 1383 Cortica lenius 31 March 6.1 mi E Flynn Creek Rd on Orr Springs Rd, Mendocino Co., California 1384 Aneides flavipunctatus juvenile 3.9 mi E. Flynn Creek Rd on Orr Springs Rd., Mendocino Co., California 1385 Aneides fennesi 7.7mi S. Cortche on Flynn Creek Rd., Mendocino Co., California 1386 Aneides lugubris 1387 Deadophis punctatus 14 May Pioegah Gulch, 4.7 mi W RR on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., Califorma 1388 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2020hr 12.5g 237+21 mm 1389 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2020hr 55g 430+48 mm 1390 Crotalus cerastes AOR 0.8 mi W of RR 38.5g 329+30 mm 1391 Crotalus cerastes AOR 4 mi W of RR 15.5g 272+25 mm 1392 Rhinocheilus lecontei AOR 3.6 mi W of RR 35g 425+62mm 1392 Chionactus occipitalis AOR 2.6 mi W of RR 1393 Chionactus occipitalis AOR 0.5 mi W of RR 1394 Chionactus occipitalis AOR 1.6 mi W of RR 1395 Arizona elegans DOR 2.6mi W of RR 1396 Chionactus occipitalis ≈6 mi W of RR DOR 1397 Chionactus occipitalis 4.4 mi W of RR AOR
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Dene, H. 1984 14 may Near Pisgah Crater, 2.8 mi E of RR tracks on National Trails Hwy. San Bernardino Co., California 1399 Chiroactis occipitalis AOR 1400 Chiroactis occipitalis Pisgah Crater, San Bernardino Co., California 1401 Azigura elegans DOR 2.6 mi W of RR Hwy 313+40 mm 1402 Azigura elegans AOR 7Hs 585+93 mm Near Pisgah Crater, San Bernardino Co., California 1403 Azigura elegans BOR 3.2 mi E of RR 9.7g 320+42 mm 1 ~5 mi W of Ludlow on National Trails Hwy San Bernardino Co, California 1404 Phyllohyrnchus decurtatus AOR 15 may Kolfaker Rd E of Granite Mtns San Bernardino Co., California 1405 Hypsiglena torquata under yucca log 330+51mm 13.5g 17 May Hwy 190 between Darwin Wash Rd and 4000' Vista Lookout Inyo Co., California 1406 Trimorphodon biscutatus AOR 15g 430+72. 1407 Trimorphodon biscutatus AOR 17.5g 410+78 1408 Crotalus mitchelli AOR 8g 250+16mm 1409 Crotalus cerastes BOR 19g 265+21mm 14/10 Pitophis melanoleucus AOR 70g 625+95mm 1411 Phyllohyrnchus decurtatus DOR 5g 206+30mm 2 mi E of Darwin Wash Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1412 Phyllohyrnchus decurtatus AOR 2230hrs 5.5g 202+30mm 16 mi W. Darwin Wash Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1413 Lichanura fowgatta DOR 12.5g 300+40 mm 6.9 W. of Darwin Wash Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1414 Crotalus cerastes AOR 245g 566+36
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Dec., 14. 1984 17 May 23 mi W. Darwin Wash Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1415 Crotalus cerastes AOR 80 g 497+50 mm 36.4 mi W. Darwin Wash Rd on Hwy 136, Inyo Co., California 1416 Crotalus cerastes DOR 130g 526+36 mm 18 may 3.2 mi W. Paramint Springs on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1417 Trimorphodon biscutatus AOR 2044 m 112 g Hwy 190 between Darwin Wash Rd and 4000' Vista Lookout, Inyo Co., California 1418 Trimorphodon biscutatus AOR 18 g 435+91 mm 1419 Trimorphodon biscutatus AOR/DOR 18.5g 421+82 mm 1420 Chionactus occipitalis AOR 1421 Crotalus mitchelli DOR 1422 Crotalus cerastes AOR 12 g 241+15 mm Between Paramint Valley Rd. and Darwin Wash Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1423 Crotalus cerastes AOR 28.5g 320+23 mm 1424 Phyllorhynchus decurtatus AOR 4 g 185+30 mm 26 May Pisgah Crater, San Bernardino Co., California 1425 Coleonyx variegatus AOR 2052 hrs at RR tracks 1426 Arizona elegans AOR 2103 hrs 1.2 mi W of RR tracks 8'6 g 1427 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2114 hrs 1.8 mi W of RR tracks 25 g 1428 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2132 hrs 1.4 mi W of RR tracks 41.5 g 1429 Phyllorhynchus decurtatus AOR 2126 hrs. .0.8 mi W of RR tracks 32.5 g 95 g 765+721 mm 1430 Trimorphodon biscutatus AOR 2137 hrs. 2.1 mi W of RR tracks 1431 Arizona elegans AOR 2146 hrs 0.6 mi W. of RR tracks 85 g 30.5 g 1432 Phyllorhynchus decurtatus AOR 2201 hrs. 2.1 mi W of RR tracks 1433 Crotalus cerastes AOR 2204 hrs. 1.9 mi W of RR tracks 21.5 g 27 May Pisgah Crater, San Bernardino Co., California 1434 Crotalus mitchelli 0856 hrs on flow, w/in 10 m of edge 315 g
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Greene, H. 1984 27 May Pisgah Crater San Bernardino Co California 1435 Chiroactus occipitalis fresh DOR at 2037h, 1.7 mi W of RR tracks 9.5g 272+45mm 38.5g 1436 Trinophyodon biscutatus AOR 2106 h, 2.1 mi W of RR tracks 560+105 mm 1437 Phyllodhynchus decurtatus AOR 2109 h, 2.1 mi W of RR tracks 9g 250+21 mm 1438 Chiroactus occipitalis AOR 2111 h, 1.6 mi W of RR tracks 9.5 g 256+52 mm 1439 Azorla elegans AOR 2125 h, 1.9 mi W of RR tracks /6g 350+51mm 1440 Chiroactus occipitalis AOR 2136 h, 0.7 mi W of RR tracks 7.5 g 285+30 mm 1441 Phyllodhynchus decurtatus 2145 h AOR, 1.7 mi W of RR tracks 155g 730+111 mm 1442 Azorla elegans AOR 2156 h, 1.4 mi W of RR tracks 30.5 g 395+65mm 1443 Phyllodhynchus decurtatus AOR 2202 h, 1.5 mi W of RR tracks 27.5g 410+82 mm 1444 Phyllodhynchus decurtatus AOR 2202 h, 1.3 mi W of RR tracks 1445 Coleonyx variegatus AOR 28 May 6.3 mi S Kelso on Kelbaker Rd. San Bernardino Co California 1446 Chiroactus occipitalis AOR/DOR 2133 h 11 August 11.5 mi W Painted Rock Rd. on I-8, Maricopa Co Arizona 1447 Crotalus cerastes under lava boulder /630 hr approx 5 mi S Painted Rock Dam or Painted Rock Rd, Maricopa Co Arizona 1448 Rana yarapaisis AOR approx 2200 hr 13 August 0.5 mi NE of 200 Rd on Rd to Wulski Pairs, Wupatki Natl Monument Coconino Co Arizona 1449 Salvadora hepalepis DOR approx 0915 h 9.0 mi W Ludlow on National Trails Hwy San Bernardino Co California 1450 Azorla elegans AOR 2132 h 0.2 mi W Ludlow on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co California 1451 Phyllodhynchus decurtatus AOR 2153 h 14 August Pisgah Crater San Bernardino Co California 1452 Chiroactus occipitalis 0.6 mi W of RR, AOR 2035 h
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Heene, H. 1984 27 October Piesah Crote San Bernardino Co., California 1453 Crotalus cerastes AOR 1827 hr, 4.7 mi W. of RR, 451+31 mm, 85.9 g 1454 Crotalus cerastes AOR 1900 hr, 2.0 mi W. of RR, 412+39 mm, 61.2 g 4.6 mi. W. Darwin Wash Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California SV/6 1/8" TL 3" 1455 Trimorphodon biscutatus coll: J.H. Carothers, 18 June 1983 9 June Piesah Java Flow San Bernardino Co., California 1456 Chionactus occipitalis, 1.0 mi W of RR, 229+60 mm, 7.2 g Coll. A. Hacker 1457 Chionactus occipitalis, 2.0 mi.W.of RR, 243+48 mm, 8.0 g Coll. C.A. Juke 1458 Chionactus occipitalis, 1.3 mi W of RR, 226+48 mm, 7.9 g Coll. A. Hacker 217+44 1459 Chionactus occipitalis, 0.7 mi W of RR, 337+37 mm, 6.0 g Coll. C.A. Juke 1460 Chionactus occipitalis, 1.2 mi W of RR, 184+38 mm, 3.8 g Coll. C.A. Juke 1461 Phyllorhynchus decurtatus, 5.2 mi. W. of RR, 198+17 mm, 4.8g Unknown coll. 1462 Phyllorhynchus decurtatus 0.5 mi.W.of RR, 412+59 mm, 42g, Coll. A. Hacker 1463 Crotalus cerastes, 0.1 mi. W of RR, 290+27 mm, 28.2 g Coll. C.A. Juke 1464 Crotalus cerastes, 1.2 mi.W.of RR, 385+43 mm, 47g Coll. C.A. Juke 1465 Crotalus cerastes, 1.1 mi W of RR, 300 + ? mm, 31.5 g Coll. J.H. Carothers 1466 Crotalus cerastes, 0.8 mi. W of RR, 405+? mm, 79 g Coll. A. Hacker 1467 Crotalus cerastes 1.2 mi W of RR, 245+? mm, 16.4 g Coll. C.A. Juke 1468 Rhinocleitus lecontei, 5.2 mi W.of RR, 2215 hr 494+82 mm coll: Unknown 2 June U.C. Physical Plant, 3rd Centennial Dr. and Grigsby Peak Rd., Berkeley Alameda Co. California 1469 Crotalus viridis Coll. Unknown, 2 June 1982 Piesah Java Flow San Bernardino Co., California 1470 Crotalus mitchelli Coll. Unknown, 16 June 1983 Hwy 178 Trona Rd 1.5 mi. S. of Trona Rd on Hwy 178 San Bernardino Co., California 1471 Masticophis flagellum DOR, Coll. Unknown, 18 June 1983
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Greene, H. 1984 17.5 mi N. of I-40 on Kelbaker Rd, San Bernardino Co., California 1472 Crotalus cerastes Coll. Unknown, 17 June 1983 Pisgah Lava Flow on National Trails Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1473 Crotalus cerastes, 0.5 mi W of RR, Coll. Unknown, 15 June 1983 1474 Crotalus cerastes, 9 mi W of RR, Coll. Unknown, 15 June 1983 1475 Crotalus cerastes, 1.6 mi W of RR, Coll. Unknown, 15 June 1983 1476 Crotalus cerastes, 1.1 mi E of RR, Coll. Unknown, 15 June 1983 1477 Crotalus cerastes, 3.2 mi W of RR, Coll. Unknown, 15 June 1983 10.3 mi N of I-40 on Kelbaker Rd, San Bernardino Co., California 1478 Rhinocheilus lecontei, Coll. Unknown, 17 June 1983 5.9 mi W of Darwin Wash Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1479 Crotalus cerastes, Coll. Unknown, 18 June 1983, 14 3/4" + 17 1/6" 9 June Pisgah Lava Flow on National Trails Hwy San Bernardino Co., California 1480 Arizona elegans 694+116 mm, 110g Coll. C. A. Juke 10 June Pisgah Lava Flow on National Trail Hwy, San Bernardino Co., California 1481 Crotalus mitchelli, ~250 m S onto flow, Coll. D.A. Good 812+66 mm 0.3 mi E of Darwin Wash Rd on Hwy 190, Inyo Co., California 1482 Lampropeltis getulus Coll. J. Carothers 18 June 1983 SV 30 1/8" TL 4 9/6" 5.7 mi N. Biskanta, Tehama Co., California 1483 Coluber constrictor DOR, Coll. C. Mayer & S.B. Hedger 28 June 1981
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H. Greene 1982-1984 Journal 1982 Costa Rica Calif: Mendocino, Inyo, San Bernadino, Riverside, Kern Cos. 1983 Calif: Kern Co. 1984 Calif: Mendocino Co. Costa Rica Oklahoma: Cimarron Co. New Mexico: San Miguel, Cibola Cos. Calif: Orange, San Bernadino cos.
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H. Greene 1982-1984 Journal 1982 1982 Costa Rica Calif: Mendocino, Inyo, San Bernardino, Riverside, Kern Cos.
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Greene, H. 1982 7 March Left San Francisco ~0030 AM, arrived San Jose, Coster Rica ~1530. Cab to hotel $7.00, Hotel Galilea $12 + tax. Dinner 110 colones (40 colones/#). On the flight down got a nice sunlit view of the Nicaraguan coast - in some places could see highlights of sheet of water among trees over big expanse of coast - swamps? Incredible clouds. 8 March Spent an hour after breakfast (40.7 col.) looking for botas de hule - rubber boots. Couldn't find any in the mercado or elsewhere. Caught Sansa flight to Rio Frio (160 colones), after a lot of trouble in the airport (I had a reservation but no ticket - which was better than vice versa). Picked up at Rio Frio by Bruce Williamson (OTS course coordinator) and McDonnelly (USC student). Rode to Punto Viejo for beer and boots (240 colones), then by canoe across Rio Puerto Viejo to La Selva. 9 March Up early, and out on West River Trail w/ Mo. Went as far as end of property, then returned to AC lab and took a circle by way of the Bio Research Trail and back down the West River Trail. No snakes, but lots of frogs and lizards. Dendrobates pumilio everywhere, some calling. Two
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Greene, H. 1982 9 March Finca La Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Provincia (continued) Heredia, Costa Rica Phyllobates lugubris under logs. Several small frogs that I thought were Eleutherodactylus but were E. biporcatus, a very small Rana warschewitschii and a very small Deplodactylus pentadactylus. These were in litter active beside trail. Saw several Norops humilis in litter and N. lineifrons on low vegetation. Saw a tiny greenista eleutherodactylus on a leaf 15 cm off the ground. 2 Bufo hamatiliticus hopping in the litter. A steinh (Spheronophs cheniei?) under a log, as was a Sepidophyma - it was under a fallen logs outer shell, = 1m x 20 cm. 3 juvenile Anreina festiva in sun on the trail at 10:38, w/ 20 m of each other. After lunch, 1345, a student ran in to say that a large coral snake was crossing a trail in the "ecological Reserve" 100m from the station. When I arrived it was just moving off the trail in full sun, a large f (?) Jampropeltis triangulum. It thrashed & struck repeatedly when grabbed by the tail, and bit my jeans. This species has apparently not been collected at La Selva before. From 1430 - 1615, walked East River
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Here, id. 1982 9 March Road and to Holdridge Trail 400, where a tree fell %11:00 today. I found a Bolitoglossa (see 11 March) colonnea under a palm death 1m x 30cm on the ground. Craig Guyer found a loripatus in a brondliad on the fall tree, and therefore until today it must have been many meters up. (Last night talked to David Clarke about the 3 Lachesis muta that he's seen here. He was very impressed by their cryptic appearance, especially the way the irregular white dorsal spots look like sunlight splotches on the forest floor.). From 20:30-22:30 walked the New Research Trail w/ Mo Donnelly and Craig Guyer - found a rare frog, Eleutherodactylus altae, sitting on a "Parana Hat Plant", <1m above ground. Brilliant orange flash marks. Also brought back a small adult leptodactylus pentadactylus (missed a larger ♂) for telemetry. (see next page). 10 March Walked trail to arboretum and part of New Research Trail from 07:00-08:30. Saw a few ardes and small frogs, no snakes. Rained hard for a short time before dawn today, so everything was dripping. Saw either a broadtitled (Election) or Rufous (Baryptheres) motnot land on a branch w/ a caterpillar in its bill, still holding to a leaf
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Flere, H. 1982 10 March The bird shook the leaf free as it swallowed the (continued) caterpillar, while perched on a limb ~3 m above the ground (trail). (NB: Forgot to note that last night on the edge of Pajbaye Grove where the New Research Trail starts, I found a Mastigodryas melanormus asleep 2m above ground on leaves - I only saw it because of the bright orange belly - and earlier, ~300 (?)m out on the New Research Trail, I spotted a Lepidophyma florivacuulatum - seemingly a large adult - sitting in an opening ~1m up on a large tree, w/in the upper boundaries of the buttresses. After a minute or two w/ lights on it the lizard turned and went down a hole. It was present as before when we returned by the tree later.) Went out on New Research Trail from 2036-2230 w/ Beth Braker - saw no snakes, a few small Eleutherodactylus on leaves, and an adult ? Andis capito on a palm leaf ~.5m above ground beside the trail. Lepidophyma was not visible in the hole I saw it in last night. 11 March Started down the West River Rd, but got caught by an OTS student (Sally Horn) who had seen a "2 m" black snake in the arboretum. We went back to where she'd seen it, initially crossing the trail at the opening of the large
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Kerrie, H. 1982 11 March (continued) clearing. When we got there it had left, but at ~0915 I found it motionless in glass under a bush. Seized it before it started moving, and it immediately began striking and thrashing. After lunch we"measured"it at > 2.1 m in total length. Has a few ticks. Then walked West River Road, Research Trail, and a section of an old Tower Trail. Saw numerous Eleutherodactylus and Anolis , and a juvenile [illegible] Rana warscewiczii . Got back at 1205. (NB: Just handled the Bolitoglossa colomnae and it did some great watch-spritz flip flops, as well as walked pretty fast.) About 1430 Joyce Tsugi (U. Washington) brought me an adult Leptophis depressirostris from the edge of the grove near the AC lab, from which I regurgitated a frog's leg. Walking back at ~545 Manuel Santana and I saw a rufous motmot land on a branch—very large bird! (The frog legs from the Leptophis are apparently Leptodactylus pentadactylus —a juvenile). After dark walked out New Research Trail to release L. pentadactylus — Lepidophyma was not at it's hole in the tree. Nothing else of note seen. (L. pentadactylus from Leptophis has femur length of 23 mm).
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H. H. 1982 12 March Went to Arboretum and released Chironius grandisquamus w/ transmitter at 0746 hr. Kept track of it (mostly in a hole in a creek marine bank) for most of day. At ~1130hr found a Kinosternon that fits scorpiodes except that it has a black plastron space (not orange). ~1500 got called to looked for a snake at ~700m on the East River Road - went, couldn't find it, and returned to the Chironius. At 1640 the Chironius left it's hole, disappeared over the edge of the embankment, and got called that the snake was in view again at 700m East River Road. It was a Bothrops asper, at least (later guess 7'?) 5-6' long, crawling among scattered plants in mud flats at the bottom of a steep embankment. I looked out to w/in hock's length (~5') of it, tried to gently lift it, and it turned towards me. At this point I discovered that I was over knee deep in mud and that the mud was deeper than my snake hook - and that I could only move my legs w/ great difficulty. Thought about trying to kill the snake if it advanced on me, but it suddenly moved very fast across a small stream and about 4m away. I jumped to a little log across the stream (after dragging myself out
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Green, H. 1982 12 March (continued) on a closer look), saw that all the surrounding "ground" was loose mud, and abandoned the snake. It was probably the most "calmly aggressive" and by far the fastest viper I've ever encountered. I didn't feel scared during the whole thing, but during supper and for a couple of hours later, I felt pretty weird about being stuck in the mud near that snake. 13 March out to Arbolin by 0700 w/ Manuel Santana to look for my radio-tagged Chironius. Got the signal right away, along the Quebrada El Surá, but spent 2 hrs. futilely searching the banks and heavy understory for it. Then ~0930 saw it on a small tree limb directly over the creek, ~10m up. Watched it move across the limb, down a vine thins then it, and down into brush. (see separate notes.) ~1400 Dave and Debza Clark brought in an Oxybelis aeneus adult from near the AC lab. It muscled heavily as I palpated a juvenile Ameiva festiva (Head-first swallowed) from its stomach. Also saped, hung limp, and then bit vigorously on my parts when hung free from my hand.
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Greene, H. 1982 14 March Out about 0730 to a tree fall where Manuel last radiolocated the Chironius yesterday. Sat til after 10, taking temperatures and waiting for the snake to show - but I finally peaked in the log and saw the transmitter lying in the floor of the hollow. It has been chewed by a rodent but seems OK. Caught a Centrolenella prosoblepon nearby. On the way back, got a geavid & Sphenorophus chesisei in leaf litter along the arboretum Trail. Before we went out, Craig Guyer caught a small adult Pseustes poecilrotus - after much teasing I got it to briefly inflate, but it never gaped or strucke. After lunch walked East River Road to successional plots and back, w/ side trips on a couple of loops. Easily hand caught a & Norops capito. No snakes. 15 March Calibrated a transmitter and then from 1000-1200, walked to X600m on the Research Trail & back, then out West River Rd & backe. Hot & sunny - lots of Anomura festiva. Saw several Rufous snottotots (Baryphthengus martii) near each other an calling Saw a gray-necked wood-rail (Aramides cajanea) beside a small stream - flicked its tail almost constantly. Also saw 2 what might be wood-quail (Odontophorus sp.) 16 March Walked around arboretum ~0730-0930. Found a little gecko under a small log, which I think is Lapidoblephasis. Saw several Sphenorophus
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16 March (cherriei active on surface of leaf litter, at 0840, (continued) near the crest of the Arboretum (left of the trail) I saw a ~18" snake crawling in dappled sunlight toward a log and thought sure it was a Bothrops asper - but it is a Xenodon rhabdophthalmus. As soon as pinned it strikes, gapes, flattens, thrashes - looks incredibly like a viper. When I let it bite a snake bag, the fangs are rotated to a surprising degree and repeatedly stabbed the cloth. After a few seconds there were obvious large wet areas of saliva/venom where the snake's mouth held the bag. Got live weight from Ricki Van Berkelum to match the pickled Ameiva festiva I palpated out of the Aphylis aceros - the lizard has a snout vent of 50mm or perhaps slightly greater allowing for shrinkage. She has live ones of SV 51, wt. 3.4g, and SV 49, wt. 3.1g. I'd estimate the prey at 3.5g, since her lizards have been in sacks for a while. From 1400-1600 walked out West River Rd, turned trash in cacao grove, walked to ~400m on New Research Trail, over to Arboretum and back. At 1423 I found a Rhadinora decorata (side Savage key, but has bright orange belly) crawling across trail at ~670m
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Diane, H. 1982 16 March (continued) on the West River Rd. It apparently was startled by me, as it was crawling fast when I spotted it. Didn't bite. It is gravid w/ two eggs. Turned 6-8 piles of lunks and trash in the cacao grove, but no herps. saw 1 Sphenomorphus active ~1500m on leaf litter at trail edge. From [2030] - 2130h walked slowly down West River Road to 150m - saw no snakes or lizards, 3 Eleutherodactylus sp. 17 March Walked East River Road and Loop Trail til noon. Saw & photographed ♂ Anolis capito (SV 68mm) swallowing an orthop head first (grasshopper had greenish legs w/ black spots - maybe Eumastor). The anole was limp up on the trunk of a small tree, head up at 0815h. saw a few anurans and anoles and one Basiliscus sp. at 1445 h put an ♂g⚔ Bufo hematitius in w/ the Xenodon. Snake seems to be too upset - strike at my movements and defensively (?) at Bufo as it hops by. Put snake back in for core and will leave food over night. 18 March Bufo had been eaten by Xenodon when checked at 0700. From 0730-1030 walked around Arboretum, then out Sma Trail to West [South] Boundary Trail, then to New Research Trail and to station. At 0855 I found a small Mastigodryas melanolomus crawling on palm litter beneath a palm at the back of Arboretum. Very snappy. Disgorged 2 Norus humilis^ that had been swallowed head first. (intact and had SV 35mm)
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Aceve, ld. 1982 18 March (continued) At 0953 we saw a Caiman crocodylus ≤1.5m total length swim downstream a few meters, until just below us on the little bridge where the Quebrada El Surá crosses the Old-South West Boundary Trail. Rather black looking, and the head quite cryptic when resting on the surface. I took one picture and was moving closer when it suddenly snapped its jaws, thrashed and swam upstream and out of sight into some vegetation ≈15m away. Stream here is a few meters wide and less than 0.5m deep. After stopping at station for refresco, we (Manuel Sartena t & I) walked the East River Rd & Far Jorp Trail til it crossed the Quebrada El Salto. On the way back, at about 50 m from the East West R. Trail or Loop trail, I caught a small adult Mastigodryas melanotus crawling rapidly on the trail away from me at 1146. It thrashed, spun, bit repeatedly, and smelled bad. From 1945-2200 walked w/ Ricki VanBierum, Manuel Sarteno, and Beth Breker, - went to Rio Puerto Viejo by "Rafael's House" - found Smilisca baudini sitting on tree limb, 2m above ground. Then walked to Q. El Salto on Far Jorp Trail, where Manuel and I waded downstream to the rapids, searching both banks for herps. Saw none. Beth found a hybrid on a low palm near the stream, and a green-boned hybrid (?) near the Puerto Viejo - too dry for herps tonight?
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there, H. 1982 19 March Walked from 0800-1145: East River Road, Holdridge, East Hartshorn, Gertel , Far Loop just onto East River Rd, and back via entire Loop Trail. At 0942h I found a deer cat track in mud in the swamp at a crossing of a small stream - from the size it must have been either Felis once or F. concolor, and since the latter has only been seen here once the former is more likely. Two minutes later my pulse was 102, but no cat ahead. At 1014h at approx 606m on the Far Loop Trail an adult Erythrolamprus minimus crossed the trail and crawled approx 3m rapidly before I caught it. Partly cloudy, sunny. While crawling the snake appeared unicolor purple or gray, and I couldn't tell it wasn't a Micrurus until after I'd pinned it and had a good look at the head. It thrashed and tail coiled as I caught it. At 1040h I caught a large Jeptophis depressivus in the trail swallowing a treefrog headfirst. Was down the waist and disgorged it when I seized the snake. Snake thrashed and messed. This was at approx 150m on the Far Loop Trail. The frog was making gular movements, and we rinsed it w/ water - When checked at 1300, it seemed fine. (No-it is S. puma file guy Sarwe) Frog keys to Sirlisca sordida in Savage, SV 33.5mm, Head Width 11.5mm, wt. 5.5g. Weights and measurements for some other recent catches follow:
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Here, H. 1982 19 March (continued) Mastigodryas melanolomus, 18 March, 11.5g, SV338, tail 102 has juvenile color pattern M. melanolomus, 18 March, 47g, SV590, tail 221 spots still clear but hard to see because colors are same as ground color. Rhadiraea decorata ♀, 16 March, 8.5g, 217mm, tail 132 Enycholampus minimus ♂, March, 80g, SV611mm, tail 108+(?) Zaplophis depressirostris, 19 March, 150g, SV1025mm, tail 600mm L. nebulosus - just brought in by Manuel Santana from near the AC Lab. Has swelling in stomach, but I can't get it out. 18g, SV430mm, tail 280mm Eumilica boudini, 18 March, 34g, SV75mm NB: When handled for measuring, the subadult Mastigodryas bit readily; the big L. depressirostris squealed and inflated and struck repeatedly. After dinner went on a grasshopper census w/ Beth Braker. Just as we started, P. DeKies found a small Bothrops schlegeli ~2m up on a small tree beside the East River Road, ~100m (?) from the station. It was loosely coiled, resting tentatively leaves of a vine growing on the tree. Didn't rush off when lifted free, but thrashed and bit sideways when restrained. Color very reminiscent of the Sibon longifensis which was found nearly in very similar circumstances a couple of weeks.
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Greene, H. 1982 20 March Left about 0730 w/ Manuel Santana - walked East River Rd to Far Loop Trail, out it to Cortial Trail to ~700m, and back via Near Loop Trail. At 0830 I grabbed a large (~2m) Chrisinus grandisquamos as it crawled over a fallen log - snake thrashed, inflated body, and struck. This was at 290m on the Cortial Trail. At 0958 grabbed a tiny Dendrophidion spinites (?) crawling rapidly off the trail at 480m on the Near Loop. Handling it later in the lab I saw it do a very Pseudo - like defensive display, except that its neck was not inflated vertically. Napped in afternoon. Entire evening shot by emergency w/ the cook, Eric, who seemed to be having a heart attack - took him by litter and jeep to Puerto Viejo, where an ambulance eventually took him to San Carlos - turned out to be gall bladder trouble. (See 22 March) 21 March Walked to 700m on the Cortial Trail w/ Manuel Santana and Beth Baker. Only snake was a Rhadinaea decorata at 275m on the Near Loop Trail, crawling in sun at 1006 h. Thrashed and musked when grabbed. After supper went frogging w/ Jay Savage, Manuel, and Beths - 2 Bolitoglossa columnea on leaves <1m above ground, 1 moving, 1 still; 1 Kylya straccata, general 1 H. eleareochrova, several Eleutherodactylus.
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Greene, H. 1982 22 March What a walkin' day! Left at 0830 w/ Manuel Santana and Jay Savage - Walked Far Jory Trail to Hartshorn to Southwest Trail to West Boundary Trail to Near Research Trail and back in to Station. Found a gravid ♀ (2 eggs) Rhadinæa decorata crawling in sun/shade on leaves on trail at 0948 hr, 770m on S W Trail. On West Boundary Trail saw and photographed what we thought were Black Chachalacas but are evidently Crested Guans. Found a Coniophanes fissidens crawling on trail at 1126hr on the Near Research Trail at 150m. Just before lunch Edwin Paniagua, the Station guard, reported seeing a Lachesis muta on the Central Trail near the Old South Boundary. At 1300 hr we (Edwin, Manuel, me) walked to ≈1850m on this trail and then ≈10m in to the forest in a low, swampy place. The snake was exposed on dark soil behind (≈1.5m) a large, old fallen tree. There were scattered short plants but little leaf litter. Evidently a female - short tail and Edwin says males are smaller - and certainly over 2 m long. She lay in a loose coil w/ head on body, motionless while I took many photos. When we finally touched her w/ a probe she tongue-flicked and finally crawled slowly away into a thicket. Never struck or made any movement,
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Here H. 1982 22 March (continued) I would call threatening - seemingly a very calm snake. Edwin walks about twice as fast as I do, and the last 1/2 was very hilly - about 8000 m round trip. (NB: forgot to mention on 20 March that I spent 2 hrs in early afternoon helping some people photographing snakes - and caught 2 juvenile Mastigodryas melanolomus crawling on leaf litter in the open in the Arboretum). (See 24 March for additions). 23 March Spent most of day radiotracking a Chironius grandisquamus at 290 m on the Central Trail. (See separate notes). Saw a Dasyproeeta eating something nearby at one point, and Manuel saw a Nasua. We've had scattered showers lately, and today seemed very humid. 24 March Spent approx 0800 - 1050 and 1330 to 1630 following a Chironius grandisquamus E. of 290 m on the Central Trail (Manuel watched it other times). Saw an adult male Basiliscus plumifrons on the Station steps at approx 1300. (Forgot to mention on 22 March that walking out to the Laeosis sight we saw tracks of Tayassu and Felis onca on the Far Loop Trail, and some large mammal jump out of a tree and crash off - probably Nasua narica.) Beth Braher brought in an adult female Norops capito which we stomach pumped - got a fair
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Grace, H. 1982 24 March (continued) sized moth larvae out of it (Beth has data). She also brought me a large predator scat (Felis onca?), full of coarse hair and a claw - sloth? This was found this morning (< 1000 hours) at the big treefall at ~700 m on the Central Trail. 25 March arrived at ~290 m on Central Trail and picked up signal of Chironius grandisquamus at 0814 hr. Looked for it til 0900, then left w/ Manuel via the swamp trail to the Sabalo - Esquina Trail (by way of cutting across Elotli & the 1973 plot). At ~0945 hr at 1145 m on the Esquina Trail found a large Eleutherodactyls biporcatus active in leaf litter beside the trail. At 1010 hr at ~1710 m on the Esquina Trail I spied a ~1 m Bothrops asper in a hole at the base of a stump ~1.2 m high. This is on the east side of the trail in shade and adjacent to the river. Photos, then hooked it out and caught w/out trouble. Found and collected feces of Felis onca that seem to contain Tayassu fur at 1780 m on the Esquina Trail, then started back. As we passed the stump, I peered in a hole on the south side and saw a huge Bothrops asper, obviously
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Havana, H. 1982 25 March swollen w/ a meal. Tried to hook it out (continued) after photos but it started out the other side. Hooked it onto trail but couldn't get it's head pinned before it moved into thicket toward river. A very beautiful snake - almost black and gold and very velvety. Didn't seem particularly aggressive but fast. Photographed the snake w/ Life Magazine people after lunch in the arboretum. From about 1630-1745 walked to 290m on Central Trail to check Chironius (got signal) - no snakes. Went out w/ Life people from 1930-2100 on the Research Trail. Found a juvenile Leptodeira septentrionalis at 2038m at about 80m on the New Research Trail. It was crawling slowly up the apical of a young Welffia palm leaf, approx 0.5m above ground. Saw several small Eleutherodactylus on leaves - food for a prowling snake? 26 March Walked all morning w/ Manuel Santana and Michael Melford (photographer from Life magazine); went to 290m on Central Trail and got signal from the Chironius. Then walked by way of El Swamp Trail to stump where I caught the Bothrops asper and released it. Didn't see big one. Spent the afternoon helping Michael photograph snakes.
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Heere, H. 1982 26 March (continued) at supper David Clark brought in a Sibon nebulata from near the AC lab, in forest. When handled it made a rather tight coil, not quite a ball, and "cocked" the quadrates such that its head was very quadrangular. Forgot to mention that at 11:05 h at 720 m on the Holdridge Trail, I saw a large adult Ameiva festiva moving at a moderate rate (as in normal foraging behavior) on a large fallen tree, about 1m above the ground. 27 March Walked to 290 m on Central Trail, got signal of Chironius grandisquamus in forest >=100m NNW of original capture site. Then walked across El Swampo Trail & then out Sabino-Espina Trail to 2300 m. At 10:35 h saw a Rana, maybe R. palmipes, jump into the creek at ~2700m. Took a swim in the waterfall near the station just before lunch. Got a very large Sibon nebulata that Craig Guyer found crossing the trail by the AC Lab. Behaved as the other one - head made to very wide by spreading quadrates. I haven't been keeping careful notes on birds, but among those seen are the following (names are as in a mimeographed "Checklist of the Birds of La Selva and Vicinity" by F. Gary Stiles,
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Dese, H. 1982 27 March (continued) 1977: Grey-necked Wood-Rail, Aramides cajanea - along small stream crossing West River Road. Tinamous - heard calling frequently, and two seen. One was definitely a little Tinamou, Crypturellus soui, and one (FW/young) was probably a Staty Great Tinamou, Tinamus major. Chesnut-bellied Heron, Agamia agami - evidently a very rare bird, seen on the quebrado Sabalo. Spectacled Owl, Pulsatrix perspicillata - seen once on a limb in front of the Station, and once flying across the East River Road ~100m from the Station. Violaceous Trogon, Trogon violaceus - one seen on limb of tree in front of Station. Broad-billed Motmot, Euleon platyrrhynum - seen at least once on trail to the ACJab. Great Rufous Motmot, Baryphthengus martii - seen and heard frequently in forest. Black-cheeked Woodpecker, Certulus pucherani - seen in tree just N of Station. Flint-billed Woodpecker, Phloeozestes [illegible] guatemalensis - pair near trail to ACJab.
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Greene, H. 1982 27 March (continued) Slaty Antshrike, Thamophilus punctatus - pair seen in forest ~600m on Cortez Trail. Bulphur-rumped Flycatcher, Myiobius barbatus - one seen near bridge in the Arboretum Band-tailed Wren, Campylorhynchus zonatus - one seen in tree, resting around clump of bromeliads, at edge of Station. Montezuma Oropendola, Gymnostinops montezumae - heard and seen frequently. Crested Duan, Perotepe purpurascens - ~3 seen near West [illegible] Boundary Trail. Sun Grebe, Helioznis fulica - one seen on the Quetada El Salto where it crosses the Far Zooop Trail. 28 March Spent most of the day helping the Life Magazine people, loafing, mapping, and getting ready to go. After lunch Bret Whitney [?] , leader of a group of birders for Victor Emmanuel Tours, Austin, TX, told me he saw a Serriplumeous Hawk, Joneopterus semiplumbea eating a snake ~40 ft. up in a tree. Snake's head and part of body were gone. Said it had bright red or orange belly and a green or olive dorsum. He also saw a Nunbird and a Motmot each eating a frog in the Arboretum yesterday.
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Greene, H. 1982 29 March Up early and left by jeep for San Jose w/ Donna Haupt (Life Reporter), Beth Braher, and Helen Young. Stopped for pictures at a rubber plantation and at El Salto Falls, and made it into San Jose ~11AM. After levels and checking w/ the National Parks office, rented a tiny Toyota pickup and drove to Santa Rosa National Park, arriving after dark. Ate a huge, delicious steak at El Branadero in Liberia. Put up hammock in the dark, under a guaracaste tree. 30 March Santa Rosa National Park Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica
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Azere, H. 1982 16 April Left Berkeley in the early afternoon w/ John cadle and 16 students in zoology 165 for Mendocino Co. Stopped in vicinity of Staggs Springs in Sonoma Co., but couldn't get access. cadle then went by coastal route and stopped for some collecting, while I took 2 cars up hwy 128. Camped at Hendy Woods State park. 17 April 1.7 mi N. Hwy 128 on Flynn Creek Rd., Mendocino Co., California This is an area of streamside forest beside a stream on the west side of the road, w/ open areas and ties from an abandoned railroad line. Spent about 1 hour here and get Areides flavipunctatus, Eoscatina, Taricha granulosa, Batrachoseps, Hyla, Euceeces, and Genhonotus coeruleus (DOR), and Thamnophis elegans (DOR). 6.1 mi E. Flynn Creek Road on Orr Springs Rd., Mendocino Co., California This is coniferous forest (great vistas) on a ridge at a place where there is an abandoned truck, lots of lumber strewn about, and other trash. There are small, shallow pools at the roadside w/ many tadpoles of Hyla and a few transforming frogs too. Turning boards and some logs in the
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Greene, H. 1982 17 April (continued) forest, we found Bufo boreas, Batrachoseps, Aneides ferreus, A. flavipunctatus, Eumeces, Taricha granulosa, Sceloporus occidentalis, Thamnophis elegans, and Charina. One Charina (HWG1126) was a very battered juvenile, and one was an adult male. From the latter (HWG1127) I palped 2 nestling moles (Scapanus sp.) that had been swallowed head first. 9.1 mi E. Flynn Creek Rd. on Orr Springs Rd., Mendocino Co., California This is an old road cut w/ a small trickle in it, coming down a steep hill on the S. side of the road. We found Aneides flavipunctatus, Batrachoseps, Taricha granulosa, Ensatina, Hyla, Eumeces, Gerrhonotus coeruleus (1 active at water's edge ≈ 1400 m), Sceloporus occidentalis, and 4 Diadophis. The Diadophis were under logs and all tail coiled when handled or, in case of the largest, when its cover was lifted. Claudia Iube found Lynx rufus feces on ground beside the stream.
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Greene, H. 1982 17 April (continued) Darke Gulch, 1[illegible] mi N. of Albion, Mendocino Co., California Spent [approx equal sign] 1 hour here, 1600-1700, but got no Rhyacotriton. The places on the upper slopes that were formerly rivulets were dry, tho seemingly OK spots nearer the main stream also had none. Did find Batrachoseps and Dicamptodon larvae. Barton Gulch, 4.3 mi E. of Hwy 1 on Hwy 128, Mendocino Co., California This is an old road going NE from the Hwy, bordered on the left by a swamp and the right by a steep slope. Fallen trees and other litter suggest recent high flooding. Found Amphyloma gracile egg mass on a tree limb [approx equal sign] 1m above the water, as well as two others in water (these had algae). Also Hyla Eresatina, Batrachoseps Taricha rivularis, T. granulosa and a small Thamnophis sirtalis. I found Lynx rufus feces (not fresh) on a moss covered log across the trail, [approx equal sign] 1m up. 18 April 17.2 mi E. of Hwy 1 on Hwy 20, Mendocino Co., California This is open forest of large trees and many fallen logs. Here we found
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Greene, K. 1982 15 April (continued) Aneides foveus, A. flavipunctatus, Bathachoseps, Ensatina, Eumeces, Genhorotus coeruleus, and Thamnophis elegans. 4.1 mi W. of Willets (at Hwy 101) on Hwy 20, Mendocino Co., California This is a place of open grass and oak covered slopes, w/ many old logs and stumps. We found Aneides flavi- punctatus, Ensatina, Taricha granulosa, Eumeces, Seelupous, Genhorotus coeruleus, and G. multicaudatus. Weather seemed perfect - warm to hot, very sunny, but this is the first of such this spring and soil under logs was wet and cold. Perhaps that's why we found so few snakes (e.g. no Lampropeltis or Crotalus).
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Greene, H. 1982 7 May Left Berkeley ~1030h w/ David Sundale (Zeligh U.), Kurt Schwerke, and George Schwerke. Arrived at Darwin Falls parking lot ~2240, after dinner in Olancho and a beautiful full-moon drive. Got 2 Crotalus scarates in the Owens Valley at 2057 & 2124 hz, after moon was up and before it was really bright. Very windy at times. 8 May Darwin Falls Canyon, Inyo County, California Up at 0700. From ~0800-1030 we split up and looked for lizards on the canyon floor & walls, N. of the parking area. Not many lizards out, but we got 3 Sauracalus obsesus, 1 Callisaurs, and 1 Cnemidophorus. I missed a Uta and Kurt saw a Grotaphytus vicinetores. Walked to the falls and back, leaving ~1330-1400. Saw a kingfisher, a little blue heron, and a hawk w/ a lizard or snake in its talons. Saw numerous Cnemidophorus and 1 Bago boraes in the lush part of the canyon. Was surprised to see a large section dry because of a diversion ditch carrying water to a pipe. Irona Road, 1.0 mi. N. jet w/ Hwy 395, Found an adult live Crotalus mitchelli on the road at 1551 hz. It rattled. No rocks nearby - creosote shrub- but hills on
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Green, H. 1982 8 May (continued) either side of road w/in 1/2 mile. Winds were really high and all sky obscured by dust by the time we reached Kramer Junction, so we decided to get a room in Barstow. Drove to Pisgah, walked around at dusk, and wood hunted. Got 5 Coleonyx and 1 Crotalus cerastes, the latter containing a large prey item. 9 May Pisgah Cote, San Bernardino Co., California Arrived here approx 0830, after motel in Barstow & breakfast at the Side-winder Cafe in Newberry Springs. Guy behind us here claimed to be on the "Fish & Game Commission" and had a good natured argument w/ me about whether the world would be better off w/out sidewinders! I asked if we should bulldoze down # cliffs 'cause people fall off them, but he quickly told me that was a poor example - cliffs don't hide and jump out at you. Very windy at the cote, and we saw relatively few. Enemidophorus tigris was the most commonly seen lizard, and one pair (?) broke from mating as I approached. Female ran off, leaving the male w/ erect tail and everted hemipenis. Also got 1 Urosaurus, 2 Uta, 4 Uma, and I saw 2 Sauromalus. Saw several carnivore scat and Dave saw tracks that indicated a bobcat x snake encounter. Ate lunch in Judlow.
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Herm, H. 1982 9 May (continued) Arrowhead Water, San Bernardino Co., California Stopped here for x 30 minutes at x 1400h, where the flow is adjacent to Natl. Trails Hwy. Saw 2 Sauromalus, 3 Dipsosaurus, and 1 black B Uta. Both here and at Pisgah saw numerous fresh chunks of lava, evidently crowbarred off by chuckwalla hunters. Got a room at Motel 6 in Indio, then drove to the large isolated rocky hill E of Calvilla Co. Park, at the end of Jefferson Street. Spent x 1h at x 1730h here - very windy - saw nothing, ate dinner in Indio, and since park sign at 1945h said 64°F and it was very windy, we decided not to road hunt tonight. 10 May Snow Creek Canyon, Riverside Co., California Came here after breakfast and hunted lizards x 0900- 1200. Sunny and warm then wind down, but more often chilly and extremely windy. Saw a few Uta down low and several Cnemidophorus on the flats by Snow Creek Village. Up on the boulders saw several Petrosaurus and noosed them w/out difficulty, but saw few Sceloporus orcutti and they were very wary. (at Hwy 18) 28.3 mi S. Jucere Valley on Hwy 247, San Bernardino Co., Cal. Stopped here at x 1530-1630 - creosote scrub w/ large boulder piles near road on each side. Saw 2 Sauromalus, several Cnemidophorus,
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Dreese, H. 1982 10 May (continued) and caught 7 Uta and 1 Sceloporus magister . Discovered my camera isn't working ! Got rooms in Newberry Springs , dinner at Sidewinder Cafe , and rode hunted on National Trails Hwy from 1930-2130 h. Got 2 Crotalus cerastes & 1 Coleonyx . Moon still not up when we quit, but still cold and windy. 11 May Riogran Crater, San Bernardino Co., California Breakfast at the Sidewinder, then arrived here ~0830 h. Parked on road to crater, ~1/2 way from National Trails Hwy. Walked around for two hours - cold, windy, partly cloudy. Saw 1 Sauromalus in crevice, 1 Uta, several Uta and Cnemidophorus . Collected 4 Typhlops rufigratus and saw tracks in sand at least twice. Dropped George off at the bus station in Barstow, and ate lunch. Went to Cal City & got room - rained on the way. 2.5 mi NW Mojave (Hwy 58) on Oak Creek Rd., Kern Co., California Spent 1 hour here searching under Joshua tree logs - cloudy, windy, chilly. Got ~15 Xantusia and 2 Sceloporus magister under logs - a yearling & and a larger juvenile F. 12 May 3-5 mi N. California City, Kern Co., California Arrived at dirt parking area on W. side of Tortoise Reserve (coming from Jet Phillips & Nevsalia Rds.) at 0900 and walked around there til 1100. I went
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Greene, H. 1982 12 May (continued) west to the first ridge, then N to the road and beyond on a 2-track road for ≈100 m. Then W to next ridge, S. to main road, E to the 1st ridge by the road, and S. for several 100 m on the poor dirt road just W. of the ridge. Saw 12 Gopherus, from 100 mm carapace to large adults, several eating. Also Uta, Cnemidophorus, and 1 Gambelia (escaped in hole). At 1030 h saw an adult Crotalus scutulatus crawling slowly across the road ≈20 m ahead of me - coiled, rattled, then tried to crawl off as I approached. Struggled when pinned, and had palpable food in stomach. From 1100-1300 drove S. on the dirt road then back to parking area and W. to Naviha. Saw numerous Cnemidophorus and Callisaurus, 6 Gambelia (caught 4), and 5 Phrynosoma. Two of the Phrynosoma were found at the roadside at 1250 h, ♂ riding on the ♀ - even ran for several m like that. His penes were not out when captured, so he was evidently feeding rather than copulating. Lunch & gas in Mojave. Drove to Darwin Falls and hunted rocky slopes from 1700-1830 - saw nothing. Road hunted starting at 2000 h - went to Vista lookout on 190, back to Panamint Valley Rd, then W to Olancho for dinner, and back to Darwin Falls Canyon to sleep.
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Greese, lt. 1982 12 May (continued) at x 14M. Got a peculiarly patterned colovyx as we descended into the Owens Valley (HWS 1159) and a subadult Crotalus mitchelli between the Vista lookout and Darwin Road. 13 May Up at 0700 and on the road x8. Saw two Gophers crossing Trona-Wildrose Road just south of the supposed N. boundary of its range (a ridge/pass), at 9.2 mi (0901h) and 5.1mi N. of the San Bernardino Co. line. Got a DOR adult Crotalus cerastes (several hours old) at 0955h on Garlock Rd. Got a small adult Masticophis flagellum A&R 1021h on Hwy 14. Snake musted and bit when seized (and I tore my pants!). Saw several large Sceloporus magister on boulders and on roadside along Rodrock-Randsburg and Searls Station Roads. Coffee in Mojave; Owens/Ventura Co., California. 14/15 - 1450 we turned trash in a vacant lot on the NE side of Harbor Blvd. Got 6 Anniella & 2 Uta, and saw numerous other Uta and/or Sceloporus. Arrived in Berkeley x2300h. 15 May Gnal Hollow Rd., San Joaquin Co., California arrived here to road Kurt w/ Kurt Schwerle & David Lundell x 2015h. Saw jr. Genhorotus multicarinatus running/ lateral undulating across road at dusk (2032h), and a very large Lynx rufus bounded across at x 2045. Got Bufo boreas (2047h) and Scaphiopus
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Greene, H. 1982 15 May (continued) hammordi (x 2055 h). Found 4 live Crotalus viridis, 2 live Pituophis melandruces, and 1 live Arizona elegans - all catalogued. Also saw 2 Pituophis and 6 Crotalus too smashed to save, all no larger than those we collected. Were somewhat harassed by a policeman from Site 300. 11 June Conal Hollow Rd, San Joaquin Co., California Trip to Castle Rock w/ Zoology 107 class, cool & windy. Just as darkness fell some students saw a Lampropeltis getulus crawling along the base of the bluff. My car saw no snakes, a few toads (Bufo boreas and Scaphiopus hammordi), and a badger, Taxidea taxus, on the road. 20 June Left Berkeley approx 1530 h w/ Kristine Tollestrup and drove to Dee Vining for the night. Stopped to turn logs at a likely looking spot in the Sierra, but nothing. 21 June
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H. Greene 1982-1984 Journal 1983 Costa Rica Calif: Kern Co.
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1983 9 January Left Berkeley on 8AM flight to Miami. Early dinner w/ Jay & Becky Sarage, then flight to Costa Rica, arriving at approx 9PM. Picked up at air port by Cathy Singe and others. 10-11 January Spent two days in San Jose gettin a collecting permit from Parques Nacionales, buyin supplies, etc. We stayed at the Hotel/Apartamento Moravia - very nice & friendly. 12 January Canizal Prov. Alajuela, Costa Rica 1440m On the way to the Zona, our Toyota broke down at this little junction. Michael Fragumen, a plant collector from U. Massachusetts, tore down a Monstera adroid from approx 2.5 m up a tree beside a small stream to the right of the road at the first curve past Canizal. In one leaf apex were 2 small Centrolella that seem to be C. diox. Camp beside Quebrada Cantarana, approx 10 km WSW Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Provincia Heredia, Costa Rica We arrived here approx 6:00, after a long bumpy trip in w/ Land Cruisers and a tractor - the latter, surprisingly, unable to cross the Rio Pedije. Set up camp and walked around. Frogs callin (Eleutherodactylus, hylid?) but couldn't find them. Not raining. Walked up hill after dinner. Saw Sylvilagus on road cut, no frogs on vegetation. approx 20:50h found an Eleutherodactylus & a Smilisca sittin on a
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1983 12 January large downed log in grass behind our camp. Also (continued) an Onaiveira moving beside one (?) log, which escaped. These were = 2145h. 13 January at 0545 Carlos Gomez found a large Bufo haematitius in camp. Began raining =0600. After breakfast I walked up the stream just W. of camp, took the smaller stream that branches just S. of the ford, and walked up it (=100m) til it forked. Saw a ringed kingfisher just before I entered the forest at the ford, but nothing along the stream. Next turned logs in the grassy area just S. of the ford, and found a Bufo coniferus under a small log almost black in color. Then a small Eleutherodactylus active in low grass. Walked =200m NE on road from ford, nothing on leaves or under bark or logs. After lunch walked E. on track out of camp, to the fence at someone's ranch. Met Hartblom, Stiles Mario, and the rangers, then Carlos and Jaidro. They had seen a Tamandua and tracks of white faced monkeys, Felis onca, Mazama, Tayassu (collared) and paca. Walking back got a Dendrobates pumilio and an Eleutherodactylus. At =1645 a F Anolis limifrons at base of a support post in camp. George and Michael brought in an Anolis tropidolepis and a Pona warscewiczii found at =190m along the big stream by camp. The ranger saw a "water opossum" (Chiroctetes ?)
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1983 13 January (continued) along the same stream last night. As dusk comes it is still raining - has almost continuously all day. Walked up hill from camp after dark, 1900-2015, saw st caught only a single small hyliid (jur: Smilisca or H. elbracota?). Very few frogs calling, despite the rain - still pouring at 2200. 14 January Still raining and we all slept late and drank coffee til mid morning, except Gary Stiles, who walked up the trail to the "ranch" and shot a white marsh, Leucopternis. [While in San Jose I talked to Jeanne Stout, aquatic biologist from Michigan State U., about snakes at Ja Seba. She once saw a cinnamon chick running down a trail, chased by a Spilotes. She also once heard a rattling in dry leaves and saw a small Jadosis making the noise by wilzating its tail. Since we arrived here Gary Hawthorn told me he measured a Ladesis at Ja Seba that was over 3m long; he has photos and exact measurements.] Yesterday I talked to Jorge, a 19 year old who lives here and cuts pasture for the owner (who doesn't live here). He carries a 16 gauge shotgun because he fears jaguars, and ties his little dog (a beagle) up all the time for the same reason. Says last year a jaguar near here killed ~20 dogs, and many men hunted for it til it was killed. Rain continued all day. After lunch I walked 1300-1600 hr on a newly cut trail.
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1983 14 January W. of the Quelzada Cartasana. The trail goes up just E (continued) of the small side stream I followed earlier. Today I walked up and down the trail over two ridges, but Eleutherodactylus, Barra waracleutscii, and Dendrobates punilio active on the forest floor; and Rhadinaea decorata and Lepidophrya flavinucleatum under small logs. The Rhadinaea squirmed into the mud when I tore open the log, flashing the orange belly, and discharged cloacal contents when handled. It is very opaque. Carlos Gonz & Leidro Chacon went farther on the trail and brought me some frogs, a tiny Andis, and an SmarTodes cerchoa apparently killed yesterday by the trail cutters. I went to a pool just upstream from the Quelzada to bathe, searched under some cobbles among moss, ferns, and liverwort, and caught a Lepidoblepharis xanthostigma leguilles. The ranger saw large jaguar tracks today, in the forest W. of camp. After dinner, I walked up the trail E., saw nothing on trail but found Eleutherodactylus hopping in grass as I got near camp on return. Only occasional frogs calling. 15 January It stopped raining at 2 km during the night slide skies, and again about 8AM, but started up again. These Temporales last 2-5 days according to Hartshorn.
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1983 15 January (continued) This morning at breakfast the ranger talked about local mammals. Said still sees jaguar tracks frequently, also tapirs and collared peccary, but says white lipped peccaries are hunted out. From 0945 - 1/40hr I walked up the Quebrada Cartanana from camp and back. As soon as one leaves the cut over area it's nice open forest on either side. Just at the forest edge I pulled down a fair size bromeliad from ~6m up a small tree beside the stream and found a leptodecia inside w/opaque skin. Wiggled and cloacal discharge, moderately smelly. Shortly thereafter saw an anolis lionotus run on a boulder at the water's edge. Saw no other herps, raining the whole time. After lunch tore up several large bromeliads on the ground in grass by stream - nothing. Walked in grass at base of forest trail, got moderate size Eubentrodactylus and missed a bigger one w/ a bright stripe down middorsum. Found a tiny Bufo holdridgei hopping on a fallen log at the forest edge. Walked forest trail out several hundred meters, got only a jur. Rana warsdweilii and a Peripatus. Raining hard all the time and I got cold - came back ~1530 to find Stiles has shot a bar necked umbrella bird. After dark I walked E of camp for 30 minutes and saw nothing. At 1945hr Stiles found a ? Anolis liporcatus in grass at a black light and sheet he set up to attract moths.
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1983 15 January (continued) It was more or less solid light green when first handed to me, with yellow eyelid. After a few minutes of handling it had dark splotches on the dorsum. Seems to be a ? w/a very small dewlap, bluish white w/black spots. 16 January Left at 1000h w/ Michael Hartzum and Eladio Lopez (says) started up the Quebrada Cartazara but w/in 100m turned W. into forest and bushwatched for ~1/2 hours, checking in holes, buttresses, etc. w/a light for snakes. Came to newly cut trail, turned south and w/in 20 minutes encountered Hartzum, Mario Rodriguez, and the two trail cutters at a stream. By then we had caught (and seen) only a single Dendrobates pumilio and seen tracks and of paca. One of the trail cutters, Tonio, had just caught a Sphenocephalus cherisei on the next ridge, which we checked out. Hartzum called it cloud forest. Even farther, Tonio had seen Tapesus tracks. Eladio, Michael, Gary Hartzum and I then walked downstream, starting at ~1245h. We soon met a larger stream coming in from the right, then a nice waterfall, then a much larger waterfall in a very deep gorge which we had to skirt. Arrived at camp ~1430h. Saidio Chacon and Carlos Hongz had been in forest off the trail east of camp, and brought me a pretty Eleutherodactylus. They saw 'Monos Colorados', Adeles. Since
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1983 16 January (continued) around 1400 the clouds have seemed higher and it more or less stopped raining for ~ 1 hour. Also the creek seems a little lower today so we are all hoping for better weather. Forgot to mention that at the point where the new trail met the branch of Quebrada Cartavana, where we met Tonio and Gary, there was a pile of spines at the side of the creek that appeared to be Broechnyops. 17 January left camp ~ 0745 in rain w/ Gary Hartshorn, going up the road E. A few hundred meters from camp we crossed a fence into a clean cow pasture and found fresh scat and one clear track of Felis onca. A few meters further, scat we didn't recognize, maybe peccary (smelled like pig). Caught a small anolis along the trail. Reached a little thatched shed, and caught a larger anolis w/ an orange dewlap. Turned N and followed an old trail along a ridge paralleling the Rio Guacimo, which we could hear and at one point, had a spectacular view. Saw several Dendrobates pumilio and got two Eleutherodactylus. El. along the ridge ~ 1040'. Finally hit a canil or Trucha - a sort of trail foot-road and by walking E, hit the river at 1145 hrs. Got Eleutherodactylus w/ red spot on dorsum along the canil. The Rio is large and swift. An anolis w/ a middorsal stripe was on a down tree ~100m
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1983 17 January in diameter at 0.5m off ground. Belly yellow. (continued) As we walked W on the canal I caught an Andis lionotus that jumped into a large puddle on the way muddy trail. Reached Quebrada Cartasara and walked NNE until we reached the road we'd driven in on. Between the two I caught a fair sized Eleutherodactylus that has red thighs and light rusty dorsolateral stripes. By 1337 hr we were near a ridge top of wild cacao growing nearby. Again I noticed many earthworms under surface objects. Back to camp ~1420hr. Antonio Mora Rojas had cut more trail SW of camp today, and brought me andis, Eleutherodactylus, and an Oxybelis previnostius. With considerable prodding it inflated the anterior slightly and drew back the head and gaped, then slowly struck. Also kept the tongue extended at times when we photographed it. Cathy Pringle brought me a little secho found among rocks by the Q. Cartasara, which I catalogued as a Lepido- elepharis but might be a ? Sphaerodactylus. Michael Grayum brought me a Dendrophidion he found in forest near the big fall on the Quebrada. It tried to bite when he seized it. The snake is generally a velvety brown w/ slightly lighter crossbands when undisturbed.
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1983 17 January When held firmly and poked it holds anterior (continued) part of the body straight and inflates, exposing the light blue interstitial skin and causing the snake to look light and dark blue - a very striking color change. On further head-on prodding it gaped, drew back, and stuck. Forgot to mention that we heard Alouetta hooting to the SE as we came back into camp this afternoon. Gary Stiles shot a Black Hawk Eagle and a Crested Hawk Eagle, the latter as it was apparently trying to catch a guan. The sun finally came out and we saw blue sky x/330 today, and as of 2000h it hasn't rained since x0900 today. We are all in good moods for this and because collecting was better today. 18 January Very foggy this morning, but by x0900 partly cloudy and getting hot. I walked through flooded grassy area across P. Cartanara and saw numerous Bufo holdridgei (two collected) and several of the fat legged Eleutherodactyls -traced a soft new call to it, and eventually caught a couple. Also preserved a few of the large black tadpoles that are conspicuous in the larger (>=1m in greatest dimension) pools. Walked two circuits of forest trails on the first ridge, but saw only one active Andis (cf. limifrons) and many
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1983 18 January (continued) Quelzada crossing, and encountered Jorge (19 year old who needs a beige grove near here) carry a large Microsaurus nigrocinclus he found. It was still moving the injured, waving its coiled tail and tilting a lot. Interestingly, he had chopped off the tail tips! After lunch Jorge and I walked E to the little sandy, then N. into the forest for a few hundred meters - two hours round trip. Saw only an Anolis, a few of the Eleutherodactylus cf. ed thifus I'm no longer collecting, and a group of white faced monkeys. Very cloudy and humid. Back at camp, at 1536 hr, it started raining again! Quit at 1605. Mike Grayson brought in a Rhadinaea decorata; Gary Hartshorn four Eleutherodactylus that I haven't seen before, from the Quasino Ridge trail we were on yesterday; Cathy Pingle a Dendrobates pumilio and a Bufo haematiticus from forest near the Quelzada Cartarano; and Antonio a small Smarctodes, a giant Anolis, a pretty Bufo, and a bright lime green Atelopus. The Smarctodes he found in a plant that he cut that sounds like Dieffenbachia; it crawls when held, but shows no defensive behaviour. The Anolis he knocked off a tree trunk, and it is a gravid f. He found the Atelopus at the highest point he's cut trail, along a stream into the Rio Peje. Found an adult Bufo haematiticus in the road between camp and the Quelzada Cartarana at x 1930 hrs.
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1983 19 January Left #0745 w/ Carlos Gomez on the ridge trail that goes from just W. of our camp to the Rio Peje. Carlos dropped off to set up a net for birds at a creek. Reached 1280' on the trail at 1000 hrs. Saw an Eleutherodactylus w/ red thighs and a couple of Arolis. Partly cloudy. Caught an adult F' Arolis limifrons at 1200', 1005 hrs. At 1300', 1015 hrs, heard Albuetta. Got a Dendrobates pumilio at 1280' at 1050 hrs. Reached an Atta nest overlooking the Rio Peje at 1400'. Went a couple hundred meters more, then turned around. Saw an adult Oreixim in a light gap tangle - appeared to be foraging and at least 1m above ground, tho the tangle is continuous w/ the trail. Took a wrong turn and went down a trail to the Rio Peje - extremely steep, had some trouble getting up the slippery slope. Found right trail by then very hot & sweaty! At 1214 hours, 1320', got a Sphenomorphus cheniei active in litter beside the trail. At 1345 missed a small (x 3 cm) green-backed frog, maybe Rana palimpse. Saw another Sphenomorphus cheniei in sun beside the trail at 1200', 1355 hrs. G. Stiles brought me a Dendrophidion he found in the morning on the trail between the largest stream that crosses the trail to the Peje and the Rio, dead when he gave it to me. M. Graham brought in what seems to be an Arolis capito - has lots of green on sides of body. Audio
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1983 19 January (continued) Chacón and Cathy Pringle went east to the Rio Guasimo, across it, and up a little stream into an area of many bromeliads and much moss. They got a Bufo and an Oxybelis near the house at the Rio, more or less due east of here. They got what seems to be Andis lionotus and 5 Helopus (lime green, like the one yesterday) along the smaller stream. The little Oxybelis was crawling among rocks and roots near the Rio. Antonio and Hartshorn made a circuit out the Peje Ridge trail south several kilometers, then east to the Rio Guasimo at the house and back via the canil to camp. They got a Rhadinæa decorata and a Bothrops nasutus on the trail in the morning, a Dynorbis melanostropis ≈1.5km west of the Rio Guasimo on the way to it, and a Rhadinæa decorata and a Leptophis depressirostris on the canil back to camp. The Dynorbis was dead, and contained a large gravid ♀ frog, cf. Elutherodactylus biporcatus . The Leptophis gapes and stithes. The second Rhadinæa broke part of its tail off in capture. The Bothrops sat quietly alternating w/ jumps/ sidewinding for several centimeters. Only a brief show at sundown, all day. 20 January Left camp at 0845hr w/ Cathy Pringle, Eladio Lopez, and Isidro Chacón, heading southeast on the "road" out of camp. After the little sandoito that's 20 minutes or so out, the trail is miserable. Very loose mud at
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1983 20 January (continued) Times like hands reach up and pull on my boots. Hot and sweaty by the time we reached the Rio Guasira. From the hill just NW of the rio, we could see a couple of volcanoes in the distance. Sunny w/scattered clouds. Took a nice dip in the river, but Isidro slipped on a boulder and bruised his left shoulder (he's very sure footed and later said this didn't give him a good feeling about the day). This was approx 1000 hrs. Crossed river and headed SE on a trail Cathy & Isidro had been on earlier. Got an Audio limiflours at 570m. Reached Rio Guainito, approx 2020' or 640-660m , at approx 1330. Did some looking about then tried to build a fire. Wood very damp and wouldn't stay lit. Isidro, Eladio, and I were hunched around the circle of coffees; Isidro said something about a vial of alcohol; the next thing I saw was him jump to his feet with his head totally in flames - could see only his black hair, like a halo around the fire. He froze for an instant, turned, staggered, then stumbled in to the river. I jumped up and ran to catch him, fearing he either wasn't getting it out or would fall and be further hurt on the boulders. By the time I grabbed him, flames were out and the air smelled of burned hair and skin. I hugged him and said, "Puedo a ver?" He looked at me, then upstream, and said, "Si, puedo a ver." It turned out he thought there was no fire, just smoking wood, but Eladio
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1983 26 January had put a little lit candle under the teepee of kindling. When Isidro poured out of the vial, it burst into flame and when he jerked back the flaming liquid splashed onto the left side of his face. As soon as this was used up the fire went out.] We put Bacitracin ointment on his face and toothpaste on his lips, and he went for a walk in the forest to smoke and calm down. When he came back, Cathy & Eladio went 30 minutes away, to a place Eladio knew, collected Firica Plastico. Came back night at dark w/ good dry wood, kerosene, ("carfin"), and a little mirror so Isidro could see his face. Before they returned I clammered out on the moss covered boulders and found a large beautiful Helopus. Then Isidro and I sat and talked of life, love, death, luck, the importance of eyes to a naturalist, and god (for him, el bosque y todas sus cosas). We had a good meal, but noticed ants from the nearby Atta nest have raided our bag of granola. At dusk I hear some food that sounds like Bufo villiceps, another chorus of high pitched squeaks the sources of which I can't locate. 21 January Slept about 10 hrs poorly - I was on a slope. No rain or only a light mist, blue sky at dawn. The Atta have now eaten a hole in Cathy's backpack, but not thru the foil packed freeze dried food. We have eggs of cheese & ham and hashbrowns, the latter not especially liked
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21 January (continued) by our two Ticos. At 0915 h I sit on a boulder in the stream. The stream has a lot of white water and many boulders, the higher ones w/moss on them. The banks are bounded by small trees, many epiphytes, and hanging mosses. A tropho comes by. a little brown bird w/a white rump patch hops from boulder to boulder and periodically onto the banks; it has a curious way of hopping and flashing the white flag (Just had a talk w/Cathy about her brother's suicide--great guy but lacked confidence, shot himself w/out leaving a note. Doigher slide show on the Zora and planning this expedition was a diversion for her.) I turn and see a lime green frog on the boulder next to me and just off shore. This Atelopus calls every few seconds, a brief chirp of <1 second, sometimes undevated legs, makes two shots (success?) at small insects, and moves a total of >=0.5m in ~10 minutes. Never hopped except when I finally moved to collect it. All the moves were walking on elevated legs. I could hear other Atelopus calling downstream. At 0946 h I see a good size Andis (leonotus?), SV ~70mm, on a rock in the shade in the stream. When I approached w/in ~2m it jumped in the water and swam upstream ~0.5m and climbed onto a boulder. I moved 1m closer, it jumped in again and swam out of sight. Walking downstream, I saw a huge log, reddish, lying right at streamside in full sun.
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1983 21 January It is steaming in somewhat of a plume, and at (continued) first glance I am taken aback that it is on fire! Saw three other little lime green Atelopus, all on boulders in the stream. None move until I am very close, then both jumped in water and swam rapidly to another rock & climbed out. Cathy got two and Richo got ~6 little lime green ones and one of the larger variegated Atelopus -- either these are separate species or respectively males and females. Because of the collecting limit I released all the little ones except the ? I caught calling. When placed in bag w/ the bigger Atelopus, it clasped me for remainder of trip. at 1/47 h, as we packed, an Ameiva w/ bright middlearm stripe cruised through our sunlit clearing. We walked south on a little trail. at 1/22 h, 2140'el, we saw white faced monkeys. at 1/245h, 2240' el., we reached a "carriel" (broad cut track) that is the E boundary of the Zona Protectora. Eladio cuts a 1.5 m section of a 4" thick "agua" vine [retrace] w/ two swipes of his machete, and we drink the slightly sweet and abundant liquid that flows from it. Nearby Eladio points out a place where 2' or so of leaves are scraped up and aside and says this is where a Tigre, Felis onca, rested. at ~1300' we reached the bottom of the Rio Guacino gorge at an el. of 2220'. Here there're bottom is large sheets of rock, not boulders; lots of moss. We
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1983 21 January continued ≈ westward. See Tapirus ("darta") Iacho (continued) at 700m el. at 1335hr, 2380'el., we paused on a ridge in the middle of a large finca. As we walked on across the finca (hot, sunny, highgrass, scatter ed large trees left for later lumbering [implied]), Aidio cought a good sized Elandtherodactylus in the grass at 710m el., 1351hs. As we neared forest edge, saw Felis once Iacho on trail, walked 2420'el. at 1445hs. Walked in forest Wd then N for ≈ 1 hour, saw crested guans. Finally reached a little house ≈1545 on the NW corner of cleared land, just N of where trail comes out of forest. The house has a metal roof, wood floor, faces a spectacular gorge on the west. There are a few clothes hung from plastic bags on beams, two flashlights on one wall, a fairly fresh toothbrush, and a shot bottle of something for cattle. There's a rolled up foam sleeping pad. No door on the west, what amounts to a porch. A few feet W of the house is a covered cookin area - fireplace made out of a stump, some simple shelves, and a sort of washboard. There's a thick black hose from far away that's wrapped through nearly barbed wire and provides continuous good water. It can be easily moved to the washboard, where there's a crude, homemade wire clamp to hold it. On the shelves are a few glasses, dishes, pans, spoons, some cookin grease, and some salt. Also a
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1983 21 January coffee settle. We all bathed w/ the hose, dried off in the late (continued) afternoon sun, and even used some tala & Eladio has. [He seems to have everything and always looks fresh!] Then we have some cheese, coffee, hot chocolate, and chat about the view over the Rio Sardinalisto [on maps; Hartshorn learned that local people call it the Rio Cabalonga]. At 1715h, Isidro is cleaning his bueno and the others are cooking. Light is fading. A few big trees just beyond the cocina are in sharp focus, almost silhouettes. A fine misty fog has descended on the gorge and the far canyon walls, making trees on the far ridge seem like apparitions. We eat soup and chicken noodles, hot and tasty. A tinamou calls in the distance. At 1725h I go for a drink and see an adult male Andis lineatus on a corner fencepost and by using one hand as delicately catch it w/ the other. At 1800h there is a curtain of pink fog, such that we can see only the horizon of trees on the far ridge, in sharp focus now, and those just past the cocinera. Lots more bugs now, and we hear some sort of capimulgecko and what sounds like a quail. If she were here it would be perfect, and alas is it isn't far from that! At 1806h fog shrouds the nearby trees and the far ridge has 'disappeared.' Night is falling, and it's been a fine day: Isidro seems to be OK [right eye was cloudy for a few hours, but has cleared up].
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1983 21 January a good walk but not too tired, watched Atelopus ,etc (continued) well, now this incredible dusk! At about 2000hr I went out alone in a light rain after listening to two hybrids squawking at each other. Got one of them immediately, a Smilisca phaeota on a bush ~1m above ground in high grass. Then an Anolis ? leimifrons and a big Anolis biporcatus , the latter ~1.5m up, the former ~0.8m above ground, both on bushes in grass. [the A. biporcatus struggled a lot, possibly the cause of the 2023 skin tears I noticed later]. 22 January Awoke ~0530hr after somewhat bumpy night-lots of biting insects and too hot in my sleeping bag. By 0600 could see the far ridge; now the trees are various colors (instead of a wall of very dark green), and I can see Volcan Poas clearly behind the far ridge. At 0730 a Semiplumosus Harsh landed in a nearby tree in clear view while we had coffee. I went for a walk in the forest ~200m south of camp, and at 0852hr saw a juvenile aneiva on the trail (bright yellow middorsal stripe). At 0920hr I found fresh cat tracks (smaller than definite type) in mud on trail ~300m S. of camp. About 1000hr as we packed up, Isidor brought in an incredible red millipede ~6"long, and Cathy an Elautherodactylus wrapped thighs; it was
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1983 22 January (continued) Dead from overheating, so I popped it in the remaining vial of alcohol. Eladio scanned the gorge and had five hawk eagles (sp. probably both another & black uncertain) in sight at once. We set out going N, first through forest then over a big finca. At 1120 hr, 1840' el., there are big Tapirus tracks on the trail. We re-entered good forest and at 1135 hr, 1900' el., I catch a very big Eleutherodactylus on the trail. Like the E. biporcatus I found during the day at La Selva last year, this one froze after one leap, was easily snatched and struggled & because of slime was hard to hold. Started down into the Rio Sardinallito gorge and stopped for a picture w/ Eladio at 1147 hr. While we sat on the trail a Zeocoptesnis albicollis landed on a limb just in front of us. We reached the bottom and crossed the rio at 1200 hr, 1540' el. Going up the other side I caught a little Eleutherodactylus w/ a fiddle like pattern on its back at 1206 hr, 1620' el.; we reached the top at 1212 hr, 1780' el. Crossed a ravine and a ridge of finca, then down a steep slope to a little cabin beside a small fast moving stream; a small beagle-like dog out front barking and retreating to edge of woods whenever we drew near. Crossed stream and went up a long, hard slope past quite a few cows. Eladio leading and bent on reaching the top before stopping,
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1983 22 January (continued) Finally, at 1400 hr, 570m el., reached a ridge at edge of forest where westward and northwest there is a vast stretch of forest & deep canyons. Eladio scans w/ binoculars and decides we are S. of where the Rio Peje joins two other streams. After much talk we decide that going down into the Peje gorge is a bad idea (we've seen it farther north from above) and start back over the same steep, muddy pasture slopes. ¡Mue puta! Suddenly Eladio yells "Harpia" and we run to him - says he saw a huge dark bird just overhead that must be a Harpy Eagle! Looking up I see the bird drop into a tall tree ahead, and we plunge down the gorge and up slope to the tree. Spend a few minutes scanning the tops of several tall trees and then see it - a bald head, sad looking rulture. Continue on and get a Bufo haematitis at the base of a big tree above the creek as we return to the little house. Eladio wants to go in and make coffee, but now the dog is snarling w/ teeth bared, from under the porch. To enter would mean subduing the dog, which we don't do. We talk a little then go fast to top of next ridge. Stop for can of tuna, granola, water at 1500 hr and decide to go N and look for a route to the Rio Guasimiro or at least a camp site before dark. This is a problem, and Eladio sets a very fast pace
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1983 22 January (continued) down out of the finca and into the forest. After about an hour's hard walk through dark forest we reach a newly cleared area, in the center of which is a little house w/ a tiny new garden plot right in front. Eladio sees several things that suggest this is a finca from which Antonio and Gary Hatchorn found a faint trail to the Rio Guacimo. We set out, all worried about having to camp in the forest yout water. Eladio is moving really fast - we are practically running down a faint trail and it is getting very dark. For a while I worry about snakes, taras (perapera), and falling w/ a full pack on - sure enough, Isidro gets it on one hand by one of the big black ants. 'Que lata! Those worries seem to be cancelled by the thought of losing the trail if I don't keep up w/ Eladio. Soon I am just jogging thru dark woods w/out thinking, surprisingly sure-footed. Cathy is a ways back, and finally Eladio and Isidro agree that Isidro will drop back w/ her. We will go on to find a place and then Eladio will return for them. Finally ~ 1700 when it's almost dark in the forest, we break out into a pasture and can hear a river. Eladio yells "Gracias al Dios" twice, because we realize we're a couple hundred meters upstream from the old house we passed the first day! Eladio left and soon returned w/
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1983 22 January (continued) The others, minutes later, we were diving and bathing in the Rio, ¡Pura Vida! Eladio is ecstatic and bubbling about our good luck. He dashes around, building a fire up in the house, frying coffee and hot chocolate. Soon it's dark, and by candlelight we eat the last "dinners" of egg y applesauce, and cheese. Cathy heads for the tents, pitched down by the river, and Isidoro starts to press plants. (Forgot: after bathing I walked/stumbled up a tiny cascade coming into the stream from the south, trying to catch some sort of frogs that have a squealing chrous every dawn and dusk around here in fast moving streams. Can't find them. My feet-the soles-are so tender I can barely walk on the river stones, at least two ringed kingfishers are flying up and down the river and squawking when we were bathing). The floor of the house is splattered w/ scattered cow shit, most of it old and crusty. A breeze goes thru the rooms. We sit by two candles and talk of happiness, women, fear. Then slept ~1/4 hours, pretty well. 23 January Next morning we're up at dawn and have a leisurely breakfast of tuna, cheese, granola, and coffee. While Isidoro packs plants and cleans his face I look around the back room of the house. On one wall is an outline drawing of a man in
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1983 23 January (continued) in a shirt w/ smiling face and upraised arms. Below in black scrawl is "Esta cama es de Jesus Arozco, cuidado con ella." Isidro says that local lore has it that this Jesus hung himself, but Eladio says he knows Jesus' father and that this is pura paja. On another wall in blue pastel chalk is a good drawing of a large leaved tree, a mastodon (?), [illegible] and a naked man w/ long hair and upraised spear aimed at the beast. On the front wall, outside, also in black scrawl, it says "La Isla de los Hombres Solos." However, there was evidently a child here once too, because there are a small girl's sanddle (dirty white) and the left arm of a doll lying in the cow shit in front of the house. The boards outside have the same rough gray texture and curious juxtaposition of the other campesino houses I've been in: they don't meet in straight, regular ways, but the whole thing comes together very nicely in a way I find really beautiful. We finally all load up and set out for base camp x0830 hours, Eladio in the lead, then me, Isidro last. I feel grumpy and clumsy and hot the first 20-30 minutes, and Isidro lagged the whole way back, for solitude I imagine. Weather good, trail better but still sloppy. We see veg
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1983 23 January fresh, very large Felis onca tracks between the (continued) little Sandrito and base camp, and Cathy catches me a pretty little Byso confers on that stretch too, lime green w/ red wants. We come in to camp #0935, for breakfast. Stiles, Gorgz, and Rodriguez had gone way up the Pejej Garg to hunt a wrist badly, and they brought me a big Leptophis depressirostris . Huntsman, Antonio, and the two plant collectors came in late morning having made it up to 700m, gotten lost gone E. to the Rio Guacimeto and Finca Plastico ! They brought me an Stelepus found on a log in good forest at 900m, a Xenodon phabdocephalus from between the Rios Guacimro and Guacinieto, 540 m; and a very Mastigodyas from the drail E. of camp and W. of the Sandrito, 310m. The Leptophis gaped and defecated when handled, and the Mastigodyas squirmed and bit fiercely. The Xenodon was thought by everyone to be a Bothrops, and did a great behavioral imitation: light coil, fast short strike w/ open mouth, spread quadroles, finally spread a hood, and after repeated teasing it repeatedly tried to crawl away fast. Stiles and Gorgz also brought me a dead juvenile Ameiva they stepped on, on a rock in the Rio Pejo. George and Mike saw what must have been a
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1983 23 January (continued) huge Epilotes day before yesterday, crossing the cañal that runs from the Rio Guacino to the road we came in on. They said it gaped and flattened the neck vertically. The other two groups also had beautiful but hard trips: Stiles said the Beje is the prettiest ride he's ever been on; [The] also saw a turtle in the Peja ul'hargo, hooked beak. Gomez said some of the times were among the most trying in his life - Hartshorn and I both thought of Matthiessen's Snow Leopard, while we were hiking yesterday. During afternoon I dried my sleeping bag and tent, pickled herbs, washed me and clothes in my little pool in the Cartazana. After dinner much talk, beer, rum, field notes. Isidor brought me a nice big [?] Andis biporcatus w/ a fairly fresh motley scar, found after dark between the cocinera and camp tents. Occasional showers after dark. (Forgot to mention that Hartshorn saw a Rhadinorea decorata as they went out on the 21st but didn't catch it; also a live green Helopus at the spot he caught the other one). 24 January Everyone seems lazy, and we take group photo at 10AM. Hartshorn & Stiles leave for San Jose, and I pack up all specimens to date, after lunch Eladio caught a Leptophis depressirostris along the road into camp. I walked up the nuts east of camp to cast a Felis once track if any remain. Just as I
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1983 24 January (continued) Started up a slope after the first creek saw a big Chironius grandisquamos on the trail. This was a few minutes after I'd barely glimpsed the tail of slender brown and/or green snake go off the trail into grass, so I was surprised it didn't move as I dashed ~2m and seized its posterior. The snake's tail was still in bushes to the right of the trail, head pointed up trail, as if it had crawled out and then turned. When I grabbed the snake it turn, inflated, drew back into an epox-erated 5-coil and struck. Also muschy and managed to bite my hand once. Joshs a little different than the two I tracked at Ja Selva, perhaps because of size or geographic variation. This one has regular coffee bands alternating w/ black, much more obvious vertically. Viewed from above, the snake is almost jet shiny black. Vertically, esp. on the posterior ~1/2 and on the tail, these light bands are almost rose colored. At 1400 I reach a good jaguar track, start casting it, then have to return for more paraffin. Finally do it the Koford way; took >30 minutes, ~1/2 of a small can of Steno (jellied alcohol) and quite a lot of paraffin. Saw nothing else on the trail, and the others didn't when they went up to the falls either. Much meriment during and after dinner. I couldn't sleep and eventually got
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1983 24 January (continued) up and walked to the Quebrada Cantarara and back - no frogs. Then walked in grassy area E of our tents. ~2245h found a Leptodactylus pentadactylus in a 6" diameter hole in a 1m long, 1m diameter log. Then a Smilisca on top a nearby log. 25 January Everyone woke up ~6 AM, anxious about packing and leaving. Had breakfast, then Erik the cook packed everything up, so for lunch we had only granola. One Ford Cruiser came in ~1330 and took a load of gear out to the tractor and trailers at the Rio Bejo, then returned for us and our packs ~1500. Road better than when we came in, but still very rough. Reached La Virgen ~1730, had a cold beer, called La Selva, and waited 'til ~1930 when Victor picked me up. Finally carried my pack across the new bridge a little after 2000h, walked up to the new lab and ran into John Erdlen! 26 January Finea La Selva, near Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica Heard after breakfast that Edwin Paniagua saw a Felis concolor early this AM on the little bridge over the west boundary trail, just off the Camino Experimental. Went out to try to cost tracks, and saw a ? agouti w/young and many Ameiva. Spent the day getting cleaned up, settled in etc.
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1983 27 January ≈0930 In I was in my room and heard Bob Colwell call "coral snake." He found a small micrurus microstictus (stomach empty, photos) crawling across the sidewalk in front of the bathrooms. It thrashed, body flattened, tail displayed, and bit frantically and repeatedly when pinned. After lunch walked to ≈1800m on the Sabolo Esquina trail to check the stumps for Bothrops asper, but saw only many Ameira. 28 January ≈0900 Orlando brought me an Anomastidion found crawling on the other side of the bridge on the way to the AC labs. Raised from midmorning 'til ≈1530h. This AM Orlando also showed me an Agalychnis callidryas sleeping on a leaf ≈2.5 m above the sidewalk, just behind the showers. I photographed it, then gently took down the leaf and taped it to my shelf w/out it waking up. 29 January Up for breakfast, then mapped and read. From 1315-1500h walked W. to back side of old cacao grove, each w/ a detour in Plot I, over to Arboretum and back. At 1401 got a Mastigodryas melanobonus crawling on trail at ≈ SOC 900. It squirmed and bit repeatedly when seized. Saw a Nasua ≈ 5ura 250 at 1446h. Jeda brought me a small Rhiodemmys which she found in the successional plots this morning,
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1983 29 January (continued) AT 15:20 a woman bird watcher called me to see a big shiny black snake, but I couldn't find it - bottom of stairs below showers. 30 January Worked in lab and library all day, except for a two hour trip into Puerto Viejo w/ Mo Donnelly for ice cream. 31 January Rob Colwell brought me an amastidium he found approx 8:45 at SOC 500, sitting on the trails. When they pinned it the snake thrashed its tail, then coiled the tail around the net pole and could be lifted off the ground. When I examined it the snake crawled rapidly and voided a smelly clear liquid. 1 February Examined stomachs of the snakes Craig Guyer and Manson Donnelly have preserved for J.M. Savages CRE collection: CRE 6698 - Micrurus microcirculus (this is the one that bit Craig) SV approx 550, tail 109 slightly shriveled (killed in briskly H2O) SC 1 Lepidophyma flavimaculata HF HW 14 SV approx 90 mm Went out at 2:00 h w/ Craig Guyer, Mo Donnelly, and Kay Etheridge to a swamp on the Camino Experimental. Many transposing Hyla alacochrea; a large, solid crown Rana palimpse sitting in a small pool; and a very large, aggressive red spider.
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1983 2 February at lunch Ned Fetcher told me of seeing a Lachesis muta and scat of Felis onca, so after lunch several of us went after them. Walked out the Camino Circular Circano to the Camino Central, all the way across the Sendero El Swampo, and N. on Holdidge Trail to its origin, w/out finding either. Did see clear F. onca tracks in mud near water in the swamp. Found the scat at Holdridge 500, and the Lachesis at Sendero-El Swampo 750, in both cases right at the signs. The scat was in midtrail, and had many bugs; no associated tracks. The snake was 4-5m south of the trail, against a log parallel to the trail. Two logs intersected this one from upslope from the trail, so that the snake was in a "box canyon" of logs. This is in good, fairly open forest, among palms 6/m high. Snake was opaque, and in a slightly longitudinal resting coil, w/head on one end. After several minutes of photos, it moved its head slightly. When I dribbled some red paint on its neck from a jar tied to a pole, it assumed a more erect, striking pose and moved its head slightly in my direction. Impression was that it was alert and prepared to be defensive, but not aggressive. We left it
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1983 2 February (continued) ~15/5 hr, still in an alert posture. At about 925m on the Camino Circular Lejoro found another Felis onca scat, this one including dropping plus wads of hair and scattered teeth, all evidently at Tayassu. Went for swim at the waterfall on the way back in, first time this trip. Forgot to mention that when the Lachesis assumed what seemed to be a threatening posture, it flattened (inflated?) the anterior 30-40 cm laterally. A similar lateral flattening is evident in a photo on the dining room bulletin board of this species. 3 February Left ~0800 hr w/Jada Muñoz, station manager. Went to 750m on Sendero El Swamps by way of the Farloop Trail. Found Lachesis muta from yesterday, ~2m from original site, coiled under the more W. of two logs perpendicular to trail. In an oblong coil w/ head resting on one apex - took one picture and didn't disturb it. Saw no new Felis onca tracks in swamp. Went northward on Holdridge Trail then over to Sabalo Esquina Trail and out to ~1750m on it to the Sereciopelo stump. Saw no snakes, but several juvenile Bletherodactylus biporcates, one E. minus, and one E. fitzingeri, all active on trails adjacent litter. This was a warm, sunny morning. After lunch, I went w/ Robin Chagron (Cornell U.)
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1983 3 February (continued) out the camino experimental to see a hummingbird, Florisuga mellivora (white-necked Jacobin), on a nest on a short palm beside the trail. Took photos. This was same species, the ♀ of which we saw this morning just before the waterfall on the Quebrada El Salto. Robin and Rob Colwell went back to the station, and I walked til ~1500. Went out to ~100m on the West Boundary Trail, then returned and completed the loop of the camino experimental, then out to the arboretum and back. Saw nothing but Ameira. 4 February Left by myself at 0730 h, walked by way of Far Jump Trail to Lachesis site at 750m on the Sendero El Swamp. Snake not in sight and I looked all over the slope w/out finding it - a little creepy! Next walked to 700m on the camino central, found the bridge out, and returned via Sendero El Swamp and Goldlodge Trails. No fresh jaguar tracks in swamp. Near the bridge just before leaving swamp, was heckled by 4-6 white faced monkeys. Saw a squirrel too. Went to Puerto Viejo after lunch for kerosene. Forest has seemed extremely dry, except for swamp, but we had some brief showers today. 5 February Left of Jeda Muñoz at ~0900. Went by way of camino circular, dejavo to the camino central and then to 750m on the Sendero El Swamp. Looked all over slope and among logs, but couldn't find the Lachesis.
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1983 5 February (continued) Caught a gravid Natrix capsitis on one of the logs, took photos of her. No new Felis once tracks on the Swamps Trail. Went out to ~1000m on Holdridge Trail, then back to station just before noon. Bird group here saw no snakes today either. at 2140h a bird watcher came and told me he watched a black and orange "coral snake" cross the sidewalk, supposedly w/a fairly blunt tail like Micrurus spartitus. 6 February Saw Rob Colwell off. Left by myself ~0900 for the Lachesis sight by way of the Camino Circular lejano. No snake, no Felis once track in Swamps [NB: the old tracks were going east on trail]. Took a short cut between the Successional Plot to the Sabalo Esquina Trail, then out to 2000m. Check the Bothrops stump - nothing. Saw two large Rhinoclemmys resting on a large log in sun over the creek. Too way for pictures. Returned to station ~1115h. One of the birders had seen a little Leptophis, "large green head w/tan body; one a black snake ~0.5m long w/ longitudinal yellow stripes". At lunch Fernando told me of finding several scats on a trail just inside the new property, so from 1300-1430 we walked out the Camino Experimental across the bridge at LOC 50 and ~200-300m down the trail onto the Vargas tract.
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1983 6 February (continued) Just E. of the bridge at LOC 50 there was a smelly fresh scat ~6" long and fairly amorphous beside the trail; contained hair (HWG 1341). Further on found three sets of cat (Felis onca or tiger, but maybe F. concolor - this is very near where one was seen last month) scat. The first dry large and well formed (HWG 1342), second a little messier (HWG 1343), the last consisting of three adjacent piles (HWG 1344). Just past the last one was a small amorphous pile upon a log ~0.4 m high, containing seeds (HWG 1345). All the cat scats had characteristic ball-and-socket features and were on the trail in plain sight. The one on the log looked like procyonid or didelphid. Found several tracks in mud between the [illegible] second and third set of cat scats. At least two were of large cat, but couldn't be sure if onca or concolor. at least 4 others had clear claw marks and were much smaller - Eira barbara? Fernando (works for the clarks) also showed me a bend on the Camino Experimental where he saw a laelasis - he heard it move and saw it is an aroused posturo. 7 February Left at 1300 for Huitzow Trail. At 1345 hr, ~200 m on SOR, missed a pretty dark snake w/gold stripes, ~2' long. It was dashing off the trail
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1983 7 February (continued) When I first saw it, and disappeared in ground cover before I could catch it. Rhadinaea guentheri? Went to ~300m on Hartshorn Trail (via Camino Circular Lejano) to where Doug Grey (U. Wisconsin) had flagged some scat - very black and granular and not recognizable to me, so not saved. Next checked hachesis sight and walked through swamp, then back by Holdridge Trail. Rodolfo Peralta brought me a beautiful green Bothrops schlegelii he found in Plot III. The snake was in a tangle of vines and a palm, Cyasophila albidia, about 1.7m above the ground. He was cutting through the forest, and when he chopped the vine the snake fell to the ground. Luis Fernando Condes saw a large Chironius near the bridge at ~LOC 50, but no new cat scats on the Vargas Property trail. Victor brought a young Agouti paca that Sharon Hestman (U. Wisconsin) is caring for. The animal doesn't bite, but has an astoundingly loud and ferocious sounding growl! Later in the evening Sharon was walking across the bridge over the Suria on her way to the AC lab and saw a Felis yaguarundi stalking a Proechimys at the end of the bridge.
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1983 8 February Spent much of the day sleeping and reading. Late morning went to 260m on the East River Trail and collected a pile of hair, skin w/ scales, and bones that appears to be the remains of a largely eaten armadillo. Then to the arboretum where I photographed the remains (feathers only) of a Trogon clathratus on the end of a large log. Doug Jervey saw a falcon, Microastin sp. fly up from the log early this morning, and we surmise it was the predator. After lunch went to Puerto Viejo for ice cream, and write in front of the Bar Monte Verde was a huge (>50cm TL, very stout) Leptodeira annulata dead at the roadside. It was rotten w/ a very smashed head, apparently killed by a rock. Ground color had a distinct reddish-brown cast. 9 February Spent the morning bird watching, reading, and writing from the balcony outside my room. After lunch went to the arboretum to photograph the Bothrops schlegeli and a pair of Eleutherodactylus salamancae that Doug Jervey cought on the central trail a few days ago. Juve yolched eggs are visible through the ?'s body wall, and the pair were in inverted amplexus when found. On the way Doug caught a ? Anolis capito near the base of the steps
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1983 9 February (continued) on the shortcut trail between Sendero Sura to the arboretum and the AC lab. Says he's seen this lizard there before. When she opened her mouth to bite we could see a large green and yellow caterpillar w/ irritating (?) hairs, that Sharon Wesman identifies as. The prey weighs 1.01 g; the lizard 9.35g and is to be released after toe clipping (stomach item saved as HW6 1347). Clipped outside right front toe, SV81, tail 122mm, HW 12 mm. Walking back, just as we crossed the Sura bridge, almost to the washroom, a large Corytophanes cristatus crossed from N. to S. among us and Doug grabbed it. It inflated and gaped. SV117, tail 235mm, 46 g. 10 February Left at 0745h walked out Camino Experimental and into Vargas Tract by way of LOC and then the E-W trail. Saw Sphenomorphus and Ameiva, plus a group of 6+ Cebus just S. of the stairs near the end of CES. Walked until I reached a "no hunting" sign on a N-S Juchca, then turned N and stopped at the Rio Sarapiguiri. On the way back got a large scat (Felis onex?) 4/10 m beyond where I got the farthest out scats last week. This one was at least several days old. Returned to station for a drink, then took the N. capilla out of the Sura Trail and released it. Walked to far end
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1983 10 February (continued) of the Arboretum, then back to station. Left ~ 1300 hr w/ Brian, a British M.D. & mature photographers. At 1320hr, ~290m on the East Rice Road, saw a greenish snake going off the trail into forest and managed to grab a =1m Pseustes poecilonotus, w/ considerable squeezing and poking it formed an S-coil, gaped, and inflated anterior part of body, and then struck. Would not sustain the threat display more than 1-2 seconds after each passing, but instead tried to crawl away whenever possible. Went to ~380m on Hartshorn Trail via CCL-released Bothrops schlegeli (SV 495mm, tail 93mm, 36 g) on a vine and photographed it. Walked across the Sendero El Suampo, over to the Sabalo Espina Trail and out it to the Veneipelo stump at 1750m-no Bothrops asper. Cloudy and saw no Rhinodermys on the logs over the creek. At ~1532hr, SOR 640 m, saw a Dendrophidion winitzi go off the trail fast and into a ditch and grabbed it. Beautiful snake! Copper head, yellow belly. Deflated, S-coil, then bite and hold on, chewing and interlocking posterior teeth. 11 February Doug Jerey brought me a Rhadinodera decorata,
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1983 11 February found about 0930h at CCC 650m. Fernando (continued) Corrales saw a deer on the Vargas Tract that lacked horns, lacked spots, and had a white tail - he called it a venado (white tail deer) and the description fits Odocoileus. Jaime told me to watch for Canis familiaris in the Felis onca scat from the new property, because someone in that area lost a dog recently. Went around the Camino Experimental w/ Fernando to get a Felis onca scat Orlando showed him at CEN 292 m (we come from CES). Orlando spotted it ~2 weeks ago as a fresh, obvious scat; now it is just packed down in the trail as hair and a couple of claws - obviously of a sloth. At 1100h, 245m on CEN, we caught a strange Morops cf. genus , ~1.8 m up on a small tree. After lunch, went into town by truck w/ Doug Jorey for ice cream, beer, and mail. Walked back. Saw an osprey at the Rio Sarayacu and two Amazon Kingfishers. About 1/2 way down the road between the highway and the La Selva turnoff, saw a Bat Falcon perched in a tree. Downhill from the La Selva turnoff, we watched a Crane Hawk for ~15 minutes. It landed in three different trees and seemed to search for food in each one, hopping and or flying from place to place w/in
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1983 11 February (continued) a tree. In one tree, which had epipodas, it seemed to be using its feet to investigate something; this was accompanied by wing flapping, so it might have just been using its feet to gain purchase. In the second tree we saw it investigate several trunkhacks by peering into them w/ its small head. The third tree was a tall thick snag w/ several (nest?) holes. The Crane Hawk held the trunk w/ its talons and stuck its head into each hole several times, checked out a trunkhack on the same trunk, then flew ~10m away and landed in a tree where we could no longer observe it. Returned across bridge at x 1545 hrs. When we went N. at ~1230 km, there was a >=1.5m Caiman on driftwood in the Rio, and it was still there when we returned. 12 February Left ~0715hrs w/ student from Texas A&M (Tulla?) and made a loop: CCN to SVA, checked for Jachosis (not there) and Feli ona tracks (none), returned by Holridge and East River Road. Saw Spenomorpus, Eleutherodactylus, and Rana warasheitschi active in litter, and a Violaceous Trogon on a limb. As returned David Clark directed me to a small Boa constrictor in the eaves, just under tin roof, of the shop
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1983 12 February building near the bridge. It crawled around (continued) s-coil, and struck once. Went out on bridge but couldn't see Caiman on the drift pile where it was yesterday. Rained at least 2 hours begining ≈ 1400h, and off and on in the evening. At ≈ 22/5h walked to CES 400 w/ Craig Guger, Doug Jervey, and Brian from Britain; light rain part of the time. Saw Electrophorus talarancas and E. diastema calling on leaves ≤1m above forest floor; an E. gymoreatus adult (SV≈75mm, photos) and several juveniles on the forest floor; and heard a Crested Owl several times. 13 February Photographed Dendrobates pumilio w/ tad on back, and Squirrel Cuckoo from balcony. Doug Jervey brought in a Norops humilis that weighed 0.95g and was found holding a big tabanid fly (?) weighing 0.14g. Arole measured 35+54mm, HW6mm. Orlando brought me a baby Leptodeira septentrioal that fell out of a shrub or low tree in the Arboretum; it has a bright white blotch on the head. At 2200 Maureen Donnelly saw a Felis onca on the sidewalk just east of the Sun bridge. 20 February Haven't written field notes for a while. On 14 February I found a small adult Leptodeira septentrioalis stretched out on a large fern,
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1983 20 February (continued) along the laboratory sidewalk, just west of the Swa Bridge; a light rain was falling. It squirmed and splashed me w/ something foul smelling out of the cloaca. On 15 February Vicky showed me a fresh Felis onca scat at 902m on the CCH - it was apparently not there when she first walked the trail at dawn, but was there later in the morning. I went to the Clarkso' house for wine, and while there a ~3.5' Bothrops asper was twice seen crossing the sidewalk steps near the Old AC Job. About ~2300 I developed an awful migraine headache that kept me up most of the night and lasted 'til late the afternoon of the 16th. About 1950hr that night David Thompson showed me an adult Oxyrhopus petola near the Old AC Job - it squirmed and crawled fast, but never bit. On 17 Feb I walked CCH, CC, Sendero El Suapio and back on Holdridge. Found a Felis onca scat at 325m on Holdridge Trail at 1020hr; damp, solid, and seemingly consisting solely of sloth hair - has "ball & socket" shape. At 1042hr found a gravid ? Rhadinaea decorata crawling across the SOR at 145m. It squirmed and cloacal discharged. Walked to Arboretum and back, and at the jet
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1983 20 February (continued) Sura Trail w/ the AC Job Shortcut trail saw a Cebus and Ateles swaying around overhead and near each other. They were knocking leaves and branches down, and precisely below them I found three medium size reptile eggs. Went into town after lunch on the 18th and walked back hoping to see hawks but didn't. On the 19th, ~0800, spotted an Opheltes alenus coiled loosely ~1.8m above ground on a tall plant at W. end of the old Annex - it squirmed, discharged, inflated, gaped, and struck slowly when handled. Floated from Rafael's House to Station stairs in the Rio Puerto Viejo ~1530-1600h. Saw no herps, but a vulture rose from an area of woods where there was a foul smell. At ~2300 John Cooke brought me a beautiful big Pleiocerus euryzonus found crawling across the sidewalk steps near the old AC Job. It thrashed, wrapped tail around my hand and discharged. Then this AM when I had it out for pictures it did more of all that plus struck several times.
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1983 21-25 February Spent this time in San Jose, Costa Rica. Went to zoo (photographed white lipped peccaries), Museo Nacional, and got export permit. 26 February Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Provincia Guanacaste, Costa Rica Arrived here after dark. Some rain on the way, but ground dry and hard in the campground - slept under an almost full moon. Awakened at various times by armadillo visits, two park guard horses coming to eat out of nearly garbage can, and (approx 3:30 AM) something that stung me hard (maybe a velvet 'ant')! 27 February Before 0800h watched 2 males, a female, and 2+ juveniles of Gonatodes albogularis moving over approx 2m vertical stretch of trunk of a large tree approx 5m away. Males sit at/heads up (yellow color very prominent) and sometimes wiggle the erected tail tip, which is lighter than the rest. Saw one approach another male, which fled >1m fast when 1st was approx .3m away. These lizards moved in and out of cracks, and were not visible an hour or so later when the sun was hotter. Saw one male Norops cupreus display near the geckoes from a hole on the trunk approx 1.7m off the ground, then a few minutes later chase a female Gonatodes. Had coffee w/ Dan Jarzen and Winnie Hallwachs at their house. He gave us directions to Rincon de la Vieja and a quick walk through a plot of 'evergreen' forest where he most often sees Crotalus durissus - says this forest is
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1983 27 February (continued) Quiet but once maybe widespread in Guanacaste. He regards that snake as very mild mannered until heavily teased or handled. Driving out we saw several big Ctenosaura on the road and on rock piles, and a DOR Corophis sp. in grassy part just W. of the park entrance. Parque Nacional Rincon de la Vieja, Prov. Guanacaste, Costa Rica Getting here is tricky, and we begins at a bridge on the main road going east of Liberia. T N "Hacienda" (HQ for park) dep sandy ditch park Entrance 5th White house aquaduct 25.8 km, 1 hr stream We stopped to cool off at the aqueduct that crosses the road a short distance into the park. Saw a large, fast, brown snake disappear into a tangle at roadside, and a Buteo magnirostris fly to a large tree and perch. Crossed the stream w/ not trouble (rental Toyota sedan), parked off the road where a trail goes SW (I think), 100m past the stream. Packed up to a clearing a few hundred m into the forest where there is an abandoned outhouse,
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1983 27 February (continued) then further up and into some nice forest on a very narrow trail. Trail reaches a dry aqueduct (?) ditch, then turns right and parallels it around the slope, climbing slightly and eventually reaching a stone dam and simple spillway gate. Found two Norops lionolus trapped in the spillway outlet, trying to swim upstream but unable to climb the sides when they paused. One I caught was a beautiful male, released upstream. By now ~1700h, so we made camp upstream ~150-200m, had dinner, and enjoyed the night. Raining on and off, but no frogs calling and no Helopus seen by day. 28 February Broke camp and explored some. At 0909hr found an Erythrolamprus vixonus resting in sun dappled leaf litter a few meters into the forest from the stream. Snake ~40cm TL. Beth saw it, and I grabbed tail as it dived into leaves. Throated and cloacal discharged, but didn't bite. Heard howler monkeys. Walked uphill on a ridge right of the stream (looking upstream), then walked back to car. It had been broken into: food gone and battery dead. Passerlyos helped push and we started it. Lunch in Liberia, back in San Jose ~1730h. Dinner w/ Manuel Santana.
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1983 1 March Finca La Selva, Provencia Heredia, Costa Rica Reached here ~14:30 hr, raining since ~ Canizal on the road in. Craig Guyer had found a Gymnophis crossing the trail in the rain. 2 March Still raining, tho more or less stopped by mid afternoon and started again ~21:30 hr. at 13:05 hr went w/ Debbie Clark to 500 CES, where she saw a Lachesis muta on 27 February. It was an adult, coiled under a small (>1m high) palm in fairly open, primary forest. Snake not there and I couldn't find it. Walked back, then out CCL to CC and out the Swamper Trail to old Lachesis sight, but didn't see it. Got back ~14:45 and learned Debbie saw a big Lachesis ~1 hr earlier at CES 300m -she heard it
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1983 4 March at 0645hr an OTS student showed me an adult Bothrops schlegeli crossing the sidewalk just NW of the bridge over the Suza. It is a green phase, and snapped it's mouth wide open and shut when I picked it up. We've had heavy rains and wind the past two days, w/ small trees and large vines down in some parts of the forest, so I wonder if that brought this snake to the ground? From 0900 - 1200 I walked: out Holdridge to 750m, E to Sabalo - Esquina Trail and out it to approx 2100m to set a piece of equipment the Carhos left. Nothing in the Bothrops asper stump. Back to the station, then out CES to LOC and approx 500m out the adajo into the new property. Only thing seen were Cabus morchos at the LOC x CES junction. At 1400hr it is sunny and partly cloudy. 5 March worked in station all day. 6 March
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Alcove, H. 1983 17 June Eira Ja Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Provincia Heredia, Costa Rica Arrived here ~0800 hours. Left Berkeley 0600 on the 15th, spent that night in Miami and had 0600 flight to San Jose the next morning. Beautiful sunrise over the Caribbean, then spectacular view out window into smoking Volcano Poas. Spent day shopping in San Jose, then caught an OTS supply run at 0345 to here! Settled in. After lunch Milton Lieberman took me to ~450m sun on Carrizos Experimental, then ~150m to the right into the forest. Yesterday he found a large freshly killed armadillo w/ head and viscera eaten and flies loudly on it. We looked around the site he remembered, w/out finding it. Then I walked ~10m away and found the carapace and tail of a large Dasypus which he said was it. Took photos. 18 June After lunch went w/ George Schatz (U. Wisconsin) and Helen Young (Stanford) to 1435m on the Central Trail to collect a field scat he found fresh yesterday. On the way, 1350m and 1445h we found a pretty frog sitting in litter beside the trail that Gary Guyer later identified as Eleutherodactylus noblei. Also saw an E. vipercatus juvenile active in the litter. 19 June Left by myself at 0750 to visit E. Paniagua's
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Greene, H. 1983 19 June (continued) firica just S. of la Selva. Went by way of Near Loop, Southwest Loop, and West Boundary trails. Saw guans or curassows. at 0925h found a large & Pseustes poeciloptus lying still in the sun across a cow path on the firica (trees all around on firica, and forest edge <50m away. Met Manuel Santana at ~1030, had snack and coffee, then walked ~20 minutes S. into forest to see where he has a 3m long Boa constrictor, telemetered. Got chased by a bull twice, coming do and from the forest through the firica - it stopped each time when we climbed up on highsteps. Left at 1345h and walked back alone by way of Sendow Jaguar and the steps on the new property, stopping for a swim in the Rio Sarapiguí. On a rock beside the rio found scattered crustacean parts, including two apparent hands ~1cm in diameter full of nothing but such parts - I presume these to be of Lutra longicaudis. Returned to station ~1530h, where D. Leaver (U. Wisconsin) told me he and Rafael Campos found an adult Phleiscerus eating a frog [Eleutherodactylus minius] at 0945h, lead first. Frog was alive when regurgitated and at noon but dead at 15#0h and quite smelly
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Greene, H. 1983 19 June by after dinner [Tired tonight! ] Caught (continued) a second adult Pseustes, F, as it crawled off the Sendero Jaguar in deep forest, not too far from the SW boundary of the original La Selva property. Both Pseustes were fierce, inflating and biting. 20 June at 0613 h I grabbed a x1.5 m Clelia clelia as it crawled off the sidewalk behind the bath house. It thrashed and constricted my arm, but didn't bite. After lunch walked West River Road and back w/out seeing anything. 21 June Put transmitter in ~89 cm Lachesis muta, a fairly tranquil snake. 22 June Released Lachesis ~0930 h and watched periodically throughout day and evening. Some light rain in late afternoon, and enormous racket of birds at dusk. ~1845 h watched and photographed a Caluromys derbianus in a pipe plant behind the bath house, hanging w/ tail and eating leaves. Beautiful orange and cream fur. 24 June Lachesis still in place this AM. Checked periodically throughout day, last time ~2130 hs. Some rain in early afternoon. One Hyla eleutheria seen on leaf at night, and several Eleutherodactylus heard calling at night - 1st sign of frog activity, and it's been very dry here. [Forgot to write note]
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Heere, H. 1983 24 June (continued) for 23 June - checked lachesis periodically throughout day and evening. Caught an adult Sibon nubilata on steps below the station after dark. It expelled foul stuff from cloaca and thrashed late this afternoon Manuel Santana brought in the 3m Boa constrictor he's been tracking in forest near Edwin Paniagua's finca. She was in a huge tree root, and is opaque. 25 June Checked little jelenetared lachesis at 0540h. At 0632 h Edwin Paniagua led us to a 2m+ Lachesis muta ~50m from the Bath House, in the Ecological Reserve. It was coming on to the shortcut trail and bumped his foot (not stuck), then turned SE and crawled slowly back into the forest. When we approached it was stretched out immobile, and while ~10 people stood around and took photos, the only movements were a flinch or two in the neck region when a flash went off. Returned ~0715 and it was ~20m SW of that place, crawling slowly. Stopped when we approached. Then Pat Fogden and I watched it stretched behind a tree from ~30m away while Michael went for his camera. Suddenly it had disappeared, so we circled to the tree and past it, then each searched around nearby large buttressed trees. We were amazed it had moved off
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Greene, H. 1983 25 June (continued) Far enough we couldn't find it so fast. When Michael arrived he almost immediately saw it coiled in front of the tree where it had been crawling. We had walked within inches of it without seeing or arousing it! Next we took numerous photos, and only response of the snake was to turn its head slightly in our direction and tongue flick fast once or twice - no long slow flicks. Snake was the prettiest of the three adults I've seen thus far - apparently freshly shed. Very cryptic, either stretched out or coiled. After lunch, Nancy Pozze, student from U. Wisconsin, brought in a Rana warscewitschii that she found at #600 on Camino Experimental Sur. It had swallowed about the tail of a Nopops humilis which when regurgitated seems OK. Nopops wt. 0.81g, SV 29mm, HW 5.5 mm, Tail 33 mm, Rana wt. 12.73 g, SV 56mm, HW 19.5mm. She also saw an adult ♂ Felis concolor on the Blajo in the new property this morning. 25 June Up ≈0530h and out to check the little Lachesis on the Camino Experimental. As I returned up steps behind the Bath House Craig and Mo told me to slow down, the big Lachesis was crawling up to the sidewalk there. They heard it more it's anterior then saw it. We watched it of
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Greene, H. 1983 25 June (continued) and on for over an hour. At one point I timed the head as moving ~1m in 20 seconds of slow reticular crawl. This was always the predominant mode of locomotion, even when it stretched out completely on a fallen log, except when it ascended over low limbs and once a fallen 55 gal drum. Occasionally if we moved nearby it stopped and turned it's head toward the movement. Twice I poked it's tail firmly w/ a twig, ad it produced a loud noise by vibrating the tail. Saw frequent volleys of tongue flicks, but never long, [illegible] slow ones. ~0730h, just as the Lachesis disappeared in vegetation N. Of the boardwalks at forest edge behind the kitchen, Isidro Chacón called me to see a Tawandura foraging in litter and low limbs at the forest edge. Uniform reddish brown w/ a black saddle. Obvious to me unless I moved or used camera flash. At one point it went ~5m up a small tree quickly, had descended to a 3cm diameter vine and deftly moved horizontally several meters. Tail used frequently. Once it fell from several meters up, but caught a vine w/ one hind foot and the tail ~ 1/2 down
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Greene, H. 1983 25 June (continued) and then descended w/out problems. ≈0800 hr Isidro returned to lead me to a Bradypus griseus. The sloth was curled up under a low shrub by the path to Rafael's house, where it meets East River Rd. Big flies in it, fur, so I thought it dead - but touched it w/ my foot and it wheeled around. Seems OK. Little Lachesis was in same spot ≈1030 hr, but at ≈1130 had moved ≈10m N and recoiled. An obvious crate where it has sat for last few days. Went to a new tree fall at ≈360 m on the Camino Experimental Sur - took photos and saw several Cebus monkeys. This morning when we watched the big Lachesis crawling behind the Bath House I noted two landmarks on the ground, and later found the distance between them to be 2.1 m. 26 June Checked small Lachesis off and on all day. Went for float in the Rio Puerto Viejo before lunch and the Rio Sarapiqui after lunch. In late morning, Manuel went up on the canopy platform and saw an adult Pseustes up there (≈40m above ground). At ≈1845 (after dark) caught a ≈65 cm Micrurus nigrovinetus crawling in leaf litter beside sidewalk behind Bath House. At thrashvol, tail displayed, and snapped repeatedly when pinned. Paired off and on all night. Frogs calling here and there, and I spotted
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Greene, H. 1983 26 June (continued) an adult ? Smileia (underlined) bandirini on a twig ~2m up. Michael Fozder found a Nothopsis (underlined) nigrosus crossing a trail in the dark. When handled, it alternates thrashing and becoming rigid. One dorsal discharge of clear liquid, of which I could detect no odor. 27 June Watched Lachesis off and on throughout day and evening. Rained most of day and into the night, sometimes very hard, and there was a tremendous wind storm ~1700h. Later I noticed many limbs and branches down in the forest. When I checked the lachesis at night it's neck was in an S-coil and head was up - "alert," perhaps coincidentally, as I reached the place on the CES trail as it turned into the forest, some rat-sized rodent crossed the trail. Only other time I saw the lachesis seem alert was on a rainy night when I also flushed a rodent or a log very near it. 28 June Checked Lachesis throughout day. After lunch walked around the Arboretum, and at 1404h on the shortcut from the Susa Trail just inside forest from the Lab Clearing I spied a Tarodon (underlined) sabdocephalus crawling rapidly off the trail. I thought it was a Bothrops (underlined) asper and nearly lost it in a tree hole before, on the third stab, I pinned it,
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Greene, W. 1983 26 June (continued) got a good look, and recognized it. Once pinned, it thrashed, struck forcefully w/ open mouth, and tried to nipole me w/ the large rear teeth when held. 2 July For past several days have worked in lab and checked small Lachesis many times. ~0800h this morning George Schatz (U. Wisconsin, Botany) and Doug Jevey (U. Wisconsin, Zology) saw a Lachesis at ~600 and 550 m respectively, on the C.C.C. trail. Snake lunged from trail- side at George, and was crawling up the trail when Doug encountered it (?) a few minutes later. When we arrived, the snake was in a tight round coil w/ head in center and down, ~1 m off trail in leaves. Hard to see, tho exposed. When I touched it w/ a potato rake it jerkily flopped out of the coil and started into forest. I hooked it out onto trail and after ~5 minutes of maneuvering, we got it into a ~10 gal garbage can. Still wouldn't call it an aggressive snake. 3 July Big event of today was putting a radio in the Lachesis after lunch. It measured ~1.7 m total length, weighed 1.6g, &? Took ~5 minutes to do everything w/ one holding the head, Craig Guyer
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Aaree, ft. 1983 3 July (continued) the body. McDonelly marked and measured, and Manuel Santana inserted the transmitter. 4 July Released the Lachesis after breakfast. It eventually crawled under a fallen Welfia leaf against a huge fallen tree. This is ~20m off the trail at ~620 m on CCC. Was inactive there all day. When we checked it after dark (~2030hr), it had headed out over outer loop, facing the log, which is ~3-4 m away - good position to catch anything traveling along the log. 5 July at ~0630 Nancy Rogge (W. Wisconsin) saw a Lachesis crossing the boardwalk at ~400 m on the CES trail. When we arrived ~0645, the snake was coiled around the knapsacks she left to mark the place. When I touched it w/ hook the snake turned w/ head drawn back and vibrated tail but didn't otherwise seem threatening. No problem getting it into a plastic garbage can. Just before we got to it, caught a little (~3.4m) Spilotes resting on a tree buttress beside the trail. At 0803 hr, as Manuel and I went to see the Lachesis on CCC, I saw a Dendrophidion winitzky crawling fast in leaves where E. River Rd. meets CCC. Snake
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Theresa H. 1983 5 July (continued) inflated anterior immediately after I grabbed tail. Stuck repeatedly and thrashed. Regurgitated 2 Eleutherodactylus transfondii . One was fresh, 0.71g, SV 19mm, headwidth 7mm. Other swallowed tail first, somewhat digested (heel and part of tunk remain), heel width 10mm, wt. 0.74 so real wt. ≤ 2g. 6 July Continuing to check all three Lachesis several times each day. Having some heavy rains w/ long thunder peals - up to 28 seconds or more. Tonight went out to 600m on the Near Loop Trail w/ Donnelly and Guyer. I found an Agalychnis saltator ≈ 3m above ground on a Welfia palm, and we watched one or more dingos, Bassanyayun galbii high in the canopy. Jovshed up when we heard noises in leaves overhead and got a very localized shower from the animal(s) shaking standing w/dle on us. Very kotos - like, but tail held straight out and fast; squirrel-like running and leaping from branch to branch. 7 July Tonight went out Near Loop Trail to check the ♂ Lachesis w/ Donnelly and Guyer. at 2005hr, 450m on the trail, Craig saw a cat go off the trail. We converged lights into the forest and saw a young Panthera
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Greene, H. 1983 7 July (continued) area about 10m in. At first I could only see hindquarters and tail. Then it stepped into full view and paused, took two steps, then melted out of sight. The lack of sound, given how noisy the forest can be, was stunning. It is little wonder that Indians revere the big cats and believe in forest gods! This cat clearly had the right spotted pattern, a distinctly marked tail, and weighed I guess ~50-60 lbs. 13 July Been checking the hachesis several times each day. This AM I got up at 0200 and checked the two on the research trail every hour or so until dawn. Heard a rooster at 0407, saw 2 small Eleutherodactyls biporcatus and a Sphyllagus brasilensis at 0452. Sky was noticeably light at 0445 but forest dark; trail easy to see at 0507. 15 July Continue to check the three hachesis several times each day. Adult ♂ on Near Loop Trail has been inside an old treefall for days, hard to observe. The juvenile ♀ was unexpectedly in under her fern today and has a big food bollege. At 0928 hr found a huge (>1.5 m) Lampropeltis triangulum crawling slowly in litter just off the
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Freeze, H. 1983 15 July (continued) Research Trail at 450 m (CES). It struggled, musheal, tried to bite. Occupied all afternoon w/ TV, radio, and newspaper people from San Jose. 17 July at 2200 discovered that D'Lachesis on Near Joop has left log, can't pick up signal. Saw a rat-size rodent w/ obvious cheek pouches (cf. Heteromyids) active in litter beside trail, 18 July Saw 2 Sylvilagus brasiliensis on the CES (near O) at 0455 hr. in light rain. at 1018 hr, ~400m on CES, I missed an adult Dendrophidion vinitor . Snake crawled rapidly off trail as I approached and I could see the blue interocular skin faintly as well as stripes in the tail. Froze at trailside but dashed out of sight into leaves when I grabbed, 19 July Checked Lachesis off and on all day. at ~2230 hr saw a Philander opossum beside sidewalk near bathroom. 20 July Checked both Lachesis on CES in late morning. at 1127 hr, CES 160, caught and released hatchling Dendrophidion vinitor as it went off the trail; no palpable food. at 1128 hr, CES 150 m, missed a large Mastigodryas melanonus as it dashed off the trail and into a hole under an old treefall.
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Heene, H. 1983 20 July (continued) Both snakes were active on sun-flecked forest litter. At approx 1345 hrs went to 590 m on the Cential Trail, and caught a big female Lachesis muta that Edwin Paniagua spotted this morning. It was coiled near a ridgctop in dense vegetation, approx 1m off trail, w/ head down in coil and facing away from it. Wt. 3.9 lbs, length 2.2 m, the largest venomous snake I've ever caught, and my 7th Lachesis. Like all the others, a slow moving, tranquil snake. Hand storms off and on all afternoon and evening. 21 July
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June 1350 - 1445 hrs - big pretty Eleuth 1485 - cat scat June 0925 - edge E. P.'s finca, large Pseustes in our creators trail, hot, - inflate it bite 1356 - big Pseustes on S. Jaguar Griseofulvina "Cultis products Corp" Eleuth minus , 0945 hrs 13.15g, 50mm SV, HW20.1 Pleurocerus 45 deg
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Greene, H. 1983 9 September ≈2 mi N. California City, Kern Co., California Clear, moonless night, lots of stars and Milky Way as we (John Carothers, Claudia Lake) drove in just after midnight. At 0006hr we hit a neonate Crotalus scutulatus on Neuralia Rd. Slept at the junction of two dirt roads just W. of the Tortoise Reserve. 5 mi N. California City, Kern Co., California Beautiful orange eastern sky before 0600, coyotes calling in the distance. From ≈0813 to ≈0915 we walked a circuit I usually try, Saw no Gopherus; numerous tracks of Cnemidophorus tigris and 2 juv.; 5 Uta stansburiana; 1 ø Phrynosoma platyrhinos (≈0915hr, not gravid); and 1 adult Crotalus scutulatus. The rattlesnake was in shade, in open, on W. side of a creosote bush at 0848 hr. It seemed sluggish - never rattled continuously nor moved fast, but did quickly assure S-coil. Found a small adult Gopherus crossing Neuralia Rd. ≈1-2 mi N. of California City, in sun at 0946hr. Had lunch at the Sidewind Cafe in Newberry Spring, San Bernardino Co. Owner told me she'd seen a photo of a "diamond scale" rattlesnake 5-6 feet long from the mountains south of town - but I'm very skeptical as Crotalus atrox shouldn't be here and C. mitchelli and C. scutulatus don't get that big. We reached the "Bunny Club" ≈1700hr.
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Froese, H. 1983 9 September (continued) "Bunny Club" SE base of Granite Mtns, San Berardino Co, California as we drove and walked into here saw hopus, Sphylaeus, Neotoma, Ammospermophilus, and Sperrhyla variegatus - all active in late afternoon - and an adult Sceloporus magister. Talked to Bob Norris (Dept. Geology, U.C. S.B.) and his wife, part owners of the cabin. Earlier this year they'd seen a nursing & 3 or 4 young Bassanacus in the cabin. We camped at Core Spring. Saw adults, juveniles and tadpoles of Bufo punctatus - the transformed ones hopping toward the stream after dusk. Mosquitoes so bad - surprisingly - that we had to cover our arms and heads w/ shirts to sleep. 10 September From before 10 til after 12 noon we walked around creosote scrub and Kelso Dunes, on the SE slopes of the dune faces. Got several Uma, mostly juveniles. Adults very wary, running >= 15-20 m straight, nonstop, then often down a hole. Saw two small Gambelia, one w/ rusty and one w/ red spots. John saw a Gopherus in creosote scrub between the dirt road and the S. dune face, and I found a fine big J Urosaurus on a creosote brush. Went to Vulcan mine to swim, on the W. slopes of the Providence Mountains via a good dirt road just S. of Kelso. Then to Baker for groceries, back to camp for supper, and out to Kelso Dunes to walk around at night. Saw no Crotalus cerastes tracks there.
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Hearne, H. 1983 10 September (continued) by day or night. Missed 1 unidentified snake, caught live neonate Crotalus scutulatus, and saw a pair of Vulpes macrotus - the foxes had big glowing yellow eyes that reminded us all of roadside reflectors they were so bright. Also found and released a non-paired adult P colony on the road into our campsite. 11 September Out to the dunes from ~0900-1200. Caught several Callisaurus along Kelso Rd., saw lots of Uta on small rocks and ≥5 Gambelia. Saw Cnemidophorus & another Gambelia in creosote scrub, and caught 5 lizards on the dunes. Claudia saw 1 Crotalus cerastes tracks. Went to Vulcan mine to swim, then to near camp ~1500 hr for snake. Sceloporus occidentalis on boulders (outliers of Granite Mountains). We've seen lots of raptors so far - ≥1 Great Horned Owl, ≥1 Golden Eagle (resting on power pole over creosote scrub - this is 4/2 mi 2 miles S of where we saw 2 last year over cattle pen), and several apparent Red-tailed Hawks. Also ≥3 Geocoryx and some Shrikes - lots of potential reptile predators. Back out to Kelso Dunes ~1700.
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10 Sept 20 28h - AOR mervale C. scutalats 635 turn W. to Kelso Denio 64.14 2245 - pair of bit forks 2313 - Coleoryx on road in ad f range 11 Sept 2135h - C. cerastes AOR 401.2 2208 - DOR C. ge. x 12-14'', ants, not saved 2223 - AOR unbad C. cerastes 424.0 Kelso RR tracks 424.7 12 Sept x0700 - m. fl. ~8:45 - m. fl. fresh on I 40 0945-1025 Papah - Uta, Cren., Call, Digjo, Hadimus
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H. Greene 1982-1984 Journal 1984 Calif: Mendocino Co. Costa Rica Oklahoma: Cimarron Co. New Mexico: San Miguel, Cibola Cos. Calif: Orange, San Bernadino Cos.
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Greene, H. 1984 23 March 15 mi SE Booraville on Hwy 128, Mendocino Co. California Left Berkeley at approx 1345 hr with Herpetology class and two TAs, David Darda and Robert Seih. Beautiful, warm weather. Stopped beside road at this locality approx 1600 hr to check large old logs beside stream on SW side of road. Found 3 Geckonatus multicarinatus and 3 Sceloporus occidentalis under loose bark; two of the Geckonatus were together, and a pair (3 larger). Hendy Woods State Park, Mendocino Co., California Camped here. Ranger says he sees Lynx rufus every year, and sign of Urocyon and Felis concolor occasionally. 24 March 1.7 mi N. Hwy 128 on Flynn Creek Rd., Mendocino Co. California Stopped here approx 0900-1030. Found 1 large Diadophis under a railroad tie in the sun; no food, scuffy skin, tail displayed, released. Also 3 Tachia granulosa, several Batrachoseps, lot of Anides flavipunctatus, and even more Ensotina. Found a dead Thamnophis elegans, TL approx 35cm, on the road. 6.1 mi E. Flynn Creek Rd on Orr Springs Rd, Mendocino Co. Stopped here from 1100-1345hr. There is a dump beside the road, on a ridge, strewn with old tire and car parts. There are small temporary pools, and we found many Hyza regilla: 2ss masses ready to hatch, tadpoles of two sizes, and an adult female. One student watched jade going along small stems, and to end feeding.
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Here, H. 1984 24 March (continued) Another saw toads eating a dead toad. Found a ♂ Charina under a board. Under a single piece of tin there was a Thamnophis couchii, a Diadophis (escaped), and a ♀ Charina. Under a board was a T. elegans, and there was a T. sirtalis under a car hood at the edge of the forest. All the snakes seemed very scruffy, and only the T. sirtalis had palpable food, an adult Ensatina that had been swallowed tail first. Under logs and boards, we found 1 Taricha rivularis, 1 Anecides fenesus, several Batrachoseps, lots of a. flavipunctatus, and even more Ensatina. Saw quite a few Sceloporus occidentalis and 1 Eumeces. 9.1 mi E. of Flynn Creek Rd. on Old Springs Rd, Mariposa Co. This is an old N. facing road cut w/ a stream coming through it, at a hairpin turn in the road.
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Greene, H. 1984 June 8 May Finca La Selva, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica Left Berkeley at 6.4Hm on the 6th, flew to Los Argos where I met David Hardy (MD from Tucson), then to San Jose, Costa Rica via Mexico City and Guatemala. Spent yesterday in San Jose getting feet, etc., and visiting the Instituto Clodovico Picado. Had an uneventful ride out and arrived here at approx 12 noon. Learned that the Liebman's had found a Bothrops asutus: SV 317 mm, tail 15+?, 22.5 g, ♀. It had swallowed head-first a wood snake, Glyphosynchus: crown-rump 63 mm, head width 15.5 mm, max. dia. of body approx 27.0 mm, 16.5 g. For approx 1 hour Manuel Santana, Dave Hardy, and I walked out around the loop trail and looked. Caught a juvenile Pseustes at 1602 m in leaves beside trail at xxxx/025m (just before bridge over Saltito). It stuck w/ widely opened mouth and resembled a Bothrops schlegeli so much in appearance (green w/ maroon bands) that I thought a viper for a while and pinned it. The Liebman's saw a subadult Felis concolor last night. June 9 May Today Rodolfo Peralta found at noon a Bothrops asutus: 296+32mm, 22.0g. It contained a Heteromys, freshly swallowed head-first; SV 102 mm, tail 95 mm, max dia (head) 15 mm, 28.5 g. Dave Hardy and walked out the CE's
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there, 19. 1984 9 june (continued) and the Alajo to the Rio Sarapiqui, collected a pile of smelly lotra scat, full of crayfish parts, at the rock where I've found otter scat before. Just before we reached the station, at 1025 hr at ~100m on the CES, I cought a Dendrophidion persimilatum. It inflated, exposing interscalar skin, and struck only once. During the morning Michael Fogden cought a beautiful little leptophis melinurus. 10 june From ~0800 - 1120 walked w/ Manuel and Dane: out Sabalo- Esquina Trail to ~1700m to check the Ferciojelo stump (empty). At 0858 hr, ~1125m SSE, we caught an adult Dendrophidion venator as it crawled rapidly away at trailsde. When grabbed, it inflated the anterior ~1/2 of its body, exposing the blue interscalar skin, and struck and bit at my hand. We came back by way of the Sendero El Swampo, where we saw large Felis tracks in the mud and checked the old Lachesis site at 750m sign on the trail (no snake). At 1102 hr, ~200m on the East River Rd., Manuel saw a fast brown snake, cf. Mastigophrys, that was too fast for us. At ~1600 hr Carol Baird (grad student from Berkely) took us out to her Heliconia study plot at ~950m on the West River Trail and pointed out a very young Bothrops schlegelii. The little viper, est. total length-
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Greene, H. 1984 10 June (continued) 20cm, was in a flat, compact, folded (not really coiled) posture on a Heliconia trunk that was at an angle (see photos). Snake was such that tail was out to one side, head perpendicular to long axis of plant. Maybe a good stance to catch Norops? We left it alone in hopes of learning how long it will stay there. From ~2030 to 2145hr we walked out the CES to ~800m w/out seeing any vertebrates. Heard numerous Eleutherodactylus diaetana, a few Agalychnis callidryas and some unidentified frogs, and a Crested Owl. Very bright moon and sky and almost no rain today. 11 June At ~0800hr Orlando found a new young, brightly colored Micrurus migoctinctus active by the bridge between the dorm and the AC labs. Dave Hardy and I walked around the Camino Experimental and found a large Boiga marinus hopping across CEN, just past its junction w/ CES- the first live ever seen in the forest. This was at 0845hrs. At 0857hr I missed an Eleutherodactylus minus in litter at ~CEN 600m. We arrived at SO ~970m to see the little Bothrops schlegeli from yesterday, and found it just finishing an anole, Norops lemuros- only one hind foot and the complete tail visible when we arrived at 0918hrs. Snake was in a new site ~2m from yesterday. Anne Brooke told me the snake was coiled at the new site when
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Herman, H. 1984 11 June (continued) When she arrived approx 0700 hrs this morning. She had noticed the snake coiled and not feeding approx 0900 hrs. Both sites are in Heliconia right along the trail, in a fairly open situation only a few 10's of meters S. of the Rio Puerto Viejo, on the N. side of the trail? Site #2 11 June 84 62" 79" 54" (along plant) 28" Site #1 10 June 84 at 0930 hrs the anole had disappeared entirely disappeared down the snake's throat, so the entire feeding event took approx 20-40 minutes. The snake turned S. and by 0945 hrs had crawled approx 6" and assumed a loose coil facing in toward a thick Heliconia stem. In contrast to yesterday, it now seems "sheltered" and not positioned to ambush anything. Took photos of swallowing and post-feeding behavior, then gently collected the snake, returned to lab, and processed it. Caught a small Para warschewitzii in litter on way back, approx 1000 hrs. Bothrops schlegeli: 6.25 g, SV 232 mm, tail 41 mm, head width 8.0 mm. The Noreps limifrons had been swallowed best double at the neck,
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Here, H. 1984 11 June (continued) st. ~0.9g, SV39mm, tail complete but not measured, max. dia. of head 5,4mm. We reinserted the Norops into the Bothrops w/out much difficulty, and ~1530hr released it at capture site. When we left it was draped loosely along a small branch at the original place. Then walked out to Arbozotum, searched buttresses, and back to AC lab. Saw nothing. Really hard rain started ~1900hr. 12 June Walked out Sendero Occidental and searched for the little Bothrops schlegeli from 0830-0845hr, w/out success. Saw a Norops humilis ♂ and several N. leiniforms in the same Heliconia patch, as well as Dendrobates pumilio . Then walked CEN and out LOC to bridge, then back via CES. Saw a subadult Bufo haematiticus on the CEN at 0910hr and picked up a small cat scat at ~475m on CEN. Just as we got to the jet. of CES and SOC, Ann Baker called us to an adult Pseustes poecilotes in the trail at 10:00hr; it inflated, gasped, and stucked when seized. It is marked. While we were examining it Michael Fogden caught an adult Leptophis depressirostris in high grass beside sidewalk at the origin of CES (forest edge); he'd already found a very young Chironius grandisquamis . Took a quick coffee
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Greene, H. 1984 12 June (continued) break, then followed Michael and Patricia out to a roost of 11 Ectoplylla alba, in their "homemade" tent under a Heliconia leaf on the SOR at ~590m. Started raining hard ~12:15 PM. Rained all afternoon and off and on into evening. Michael Foster caught a big green Bothrops schlegeli in vegetation above the sidewalk near the Sura Bridge, and a sleeping Dendrophiidio viridis ~1/2 m above ground in vegetation, both after dark. 13 June Left a little after 0800 w/ Dave and Manuel out CCC to CC ~1200, then back by way of CCL. At 0844h ~CC50m, caught a brown Nops w/ orange dorsal ~1.5 m up a tree trunk. At 0855, ~500m on CC, an Eleutherodactylus minus (?). At CC 700m a big Felis onca scat (photos). At CC 850m, ~10m apart, 2 cat scats. The first was completely exposed, seemingly a Felis onca scat, made solely of hair and teeth (peccary?). The second consisted of only a couple of small, very fresh pieces, partly covered by an obvious flat scrape, such that several square inches of earth were exposed and the leaves were over the feces. We wonder if this is from a small Felis concolor? We saw two other similar scraped places along nearly CC, perhaps where a (the?) cat
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there, H. 1984 13 June (continued) had winated. When we returned, the Fogden were just headed out to where they'd found an ozopel, the gold phase of Bothrops schlegeli. Went out with them and saw a spectacular snake. It is on a Heliconia intricata petiole, ~2 + meters above ground, in a stand on the edge of Hunter's cacao grove. The snake is suspended on the petiole by its tail and posterior body, w/its head and neck downward in a striking coil and pointed at the nearly (~15 cm) inflorescence. Snake immobile while we moved around taking pictures, but once when my flash went off I saw it tongue flick. It seems ideally positioned to seize a hummingbird, and it is stunningly easy to see from several meters away. Michael remained when we left for lunch. It turns out that the big green one Michael found east of the bridge last night is one I caught and marked on 3 June 1983 on the west end of the bridge! Michael watched the ozopel til 1700, I watched it til 1800, and Dave took over right after that. From ~1000h til 1924* the snake scarcely moved, an impressive feat given it was coiled around an almost vertical petiole. At 1924h! the snake began moving up, then turned down, crossed to an adjacent tree, whereupon he captured it and
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Therne, H. 1984 13 June (continued) brought it in to avoid its escape. 14 June Walked Camino Experimental loop and out to SOC ~960, checked the two sites for the little green Bothrops schlegeli but didn't see it. Saw only a few Norops along the way. A gray overcast morning w/ intermittent light showers. Michael got two Bothrops nasutus and a Rhadinaea decorata on the Loop Trail. 15 June Dave and I got up at 0430 and walked on the Camino Experimental until ~0515hr in hopes of seeing an active bushmaster, but found nothing. After breakfast, we walked from 0800 to ~1120: out SOC, SHO, across the big swamp to the Camino Central to ~1650m. Returned by way of the Camino Circula Jejaro. At 0823hr, ~135m on SOC, we caught a pretty, reddish Xenodon noldozophalus as it crawled rapidly off the trail in leaf litter. It thrashed and shot when seized, and tried to bite when held by the neck. At 0845hr, SHO ~390m, we missed an unidentified Crown and/or gray snake, ~18" total length, in leaves beside the trail - the possibility that it was a Bothrops asper made us hesitate a little too long, and also just at that moment Dave got stung by two bolas at once.
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Fleere, H. 1984 15 June (continued) on his right hand. at 1020h, ≈ CC 1375m, we found a fairly fresh large cat scat that had been scraped over a 6" limb that had fallen across the trail. Took photos. A few meters further towards the station there was a tremendous uproar in the canopy overhead, as we were harangued and bombarded by ≥5 Atles. Orlando returned at lunch w/ 4 bags of cat scats. Soon after lunch ≈1300-1400h, George Schatz (Botany, U. Wisconsin) saw a Spilotes pullatus attacking a juvenile, ambulatory rat near the little bridge on the 50C (≈700 m?). The adult rat was more brown than gray and from the size must have been Proechimys; George assured me it was not an opossum. He first saw the adult rat and at least two young going across the trail, while a third young went to the opposite side, seeming very nervous. As George walked past the rat and a large tree root, the ≈1.5m Spilotes dashed out and grabbed a fourth rat. It chomped the juvenile rat briefly then held it in a body coil, released the mouth and faced George in what he felt was an aggressive stance. He returned to the station for Manuel and Dare, but they couldn't find the snake or the rats. at ≈1900h in show vegetation beside
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Here, H. 1984 15 June (continued) The AC lab sidewalk, Michael Fogden watched a young dwartodes cerdova eat a small rodent. It took 2 minutes to swallow the lizard to the base of the tail, 5 minutes to completely ingest it. When handled, the snake gives off a very foul cloacal discharge. Dwartodes: head width 7.4 mm; tail 125 mm; SV 5/13 mm; 6.5 g. Prey was swallowed head-first, a Norops linifurus: SV 9 mm, head width 3.4 mm, 0.15 g. 16 June With Dave Hardy, walked out CCC to Southwest Trail, then up West Boundary Trail and back in on the Carrizo Experimental Site. At 0846 h, right at the 600 m sign on SSO, we saw two large, turquoise, funnarrow eggs at the base of a big tree, between the buttresses. at 1006 h by the 250 m sign on CES, I walked over a young adult (size, pattern) Mastigodryas melanolemus without seeing or disturbing it. The snake was frozen in a crawling posture at the edge of a hollow log abutting the trail. The snake was on the trail, head up and pointing at the log. Would have been a good place from which to ambush a foraging Ameiva festiva. The snake thrashed and bit hanging on tenaciously, when I seized it. At 1925 h Anne Baker
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Greene, H. 1984 '6 June (continued) (Berkeley postgrad) showed Michael Fyden asleep on a limb of a sapling, about 2.2 m above ground at the west end of the Sura Bridge on the AC lab sidewalk; a large Mastigodryas which I caught. 17 June Rained all morning and we stayed in. Right at noon [illegible] students from Duke summoned us to a Pentachetna tree just off the CCL near its origin. One man (Richard) had bent down to examine a seedling and saw a large Bothrops asper moving off. While one went for us the other watched, and shortly before we arrived it went down a hole. While we were standing around the hole it came out behind us and started into a brush pile, where we caught it. Snake was not aggressive, although it bit the snake hook as we were getting into a plastic can. It is large f, seemingly not gravid and without food. 18 June At ~0830 hr we palped a Minnitt Mode L transmitter (9 g) into the f Bothrops asper w/out difficulty. I held the head, Manuel the body, and Richard the tail. Dave pushed down the transmitter and clipped the 15th ventral anterior to the anal plate. The snake weighed 2.15 kg, SV of 1595 mm, Tail of 185 mm, and therefore I suspect, allowing for little errors, a total length of 1.8 m. We
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June, H. 1984 18 June (continued) her at the capture side at 1008 hr, whereupon she crawled 2-3 m and coiled loosely beside a fallen log with her head positioned vertically against it. For the next ~42 min the only movements were tongue flick clusters a couple of times when I moved and, at least twice, a head shake, sensing the mosquitoes and occasional flies around her head. At 1050:14 hr she began rubbing the sides of her head on the log, as if trying to shed (we knew this was imminent, as the old skin broke in a few places during capture and processing.) At 1058 hr she was stretched full length along and under the log (it was ~30-40 cm above the ground here), moving very slowly across the forest floor. Periodically she pushed her snout and sides of her head against leaves, standing stems, etc. At 1148 hr the snake slowly crossed the CCL going N, still trying to shed, with some loose skin hanging off the head now. At 1156 hr, temp 26/30, the snake was ~3 m N of the CCL, heading N. When we returned from lunch at ~1345 hr, snake was in a loose coil under a fallen Welfia frond (dry, brown) that leaned against a willow of dirt, forming a cover. Temp. 27/30. ~1415 discovered snake also moved a few meters farther N. For the next 3 hours the snake crawled slowly northward.
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Chero, H. 1984 18 June (continued) at 1600h we saw her emerge into the open from alongside a fallen log, with ≈ ant. ⅓ of body showing new skin. She continued crawling, at times listing sharply a part or most of her body to (?) rub a particular portion. By ≈ 1640h she reached the buttresses of a huge Ceiba free, crawled partly into one space, then against the buttress, out, and into the restree. At each of two buttress walls she applied the anterior part of her body flat against the wood, then crawled the rest through that stretch, still rubbing. After the second buttress, she turned out into the forest, crawling along under a patch of small palms. I was repeatedly impressed by two aspects of skin control: "sipping" at the side of new-old skin separation, and rolling of parts of her body to rub the dorsum on the ground. At times ½ or more of the yellow webster was showing. at ≈ 1716h I stepped from behind a Ceiba root; she apparently sensed me, and crawled rapidly ≈ 2 body lengths away. We left. Returned with Dave, Manuel, and Richard ≈ 2050h. Got signal in same general area, but it took us ≥ 45 minutes until Manuel saw her coiled w/ head up at an angle under a fallen, partly crumpled brown Welvia frond. W/in 1 min of us putting the light on her she
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Greene, H. 1984 18 June turned and crawled pathly out, head N, and froze. We left quietly. (continued) 19 June Dave Hardy and I went out and found the snake at 0800hr. She was coiled under the same Wolfia frond: loose flat coil w/ head on an outer loop, facing NNW. Took some photos, did not, apparently, disturb her, and left at 0820hrs. This site is on a terrace edge, a few meters beyond the big Cidera and overlooking the Salto. Snake now seems to be clearly shed. Temp. 26/30. At ~0950h I released the subadult Madigodyus that we caught 16 June at 2:50 C E S. As I reached the spot by the log, a juvenile Ameiva ran across the only large blotch of sunlight in view on the trail, precisely the spot where the snake had been lying when we first spied it. We returned at 1045hr, snake same, 29/30; ground 24.2 C; air 1m up in shade 26.2; We left at 1102hrs. We returned at 1423hr, snake same place except head now ~180° from before and less elevated. The snake had 2 complete adjacent loops w/ remainder underneath, head in center and lying on inner loop facing out. Snake 30/30, ground 25.2°, air 26.5°. Just before we left at 1432 hr, snake suddenly swung head to face the stream and land w/ it a few inches outside the outer loop. I was standing 2m away for a couple of minutes, immobile, but
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Free, H. 1984 19 June (continued) I don't think I caused the movement. Until that movement the snake seemed "asleep" and was positioned such that it's head faced into the Welfia frond shelter, seemingly not a good posture from which to ambush anything. But it surely moved fast! at 1645h the B. asper's coil had shifted a little to the left N; head down, facing WSW; 39/30 j ground, 25.0°; air, 25.2°. at 2020h, snake same 29/30. Cathy Propper (Oregon St. U.) saw a dark snake chase an Ameire at 1027h in the Arboretum, for x 20m down a slope. She wasn't sure if it was Spilotes or Mastigodryas. At 1805h I caught an adult ( gravid ?) Corallus annulatus crawling on a wicker bench behind the dining hall; snake was fairly calm, but snapped suddenly when held behind the head. During a later photo session its behavior was the same - very tranquil if handled gently. 20 June at 0816h we found the big Bothrops asper x 10-15" NW of last position, in flat coil, 27/30. at 1700h during a heavy rain, the snake is almost completely concealed under the same Welfia frond. As we started back in the downpour ( sky very dark ) we found a large adult Bothrops neocutus crawling away from the boardwalk in leaves at the jet, of CCL and SOR. This morning two big [illegible] Box constructo
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Greene, H. 1984 20 june (continued) were seen by workmen in Hunter's Cacao grove at the NW edge of La Salva, one of which (?) Manuel caught. Just before noon a large, spectacular Polychrus gutturosus fell out of a small, lime tree at the edge of the Reje Baize Grove, at Debra Clark's feet. It is very prone to bite, can move up a tree fairly fast when pursued, and flattens its body when threatened. I am impressed that the hind feet are slightly (?) zygodactylus. Last night Michael Foyden caught an adult Micrurus alleni in the CES swamp, swimming in water and muck. When maneuvered for photo, it coils and elevates the tail only when restrained; otherwise seems to depend on fast and erratic crawling. (See also below.) 21 june At 0830h in the big ? Bothrops asper is in the same position as last night, but when I stepped carefully to within 1m of the palm frond she suddenly darted about <= one body length out toward the stream (and thus away from me - I have been repeatedly impressed by this animal's timidity [?] except when cornered. We've also been impressed with how "touchy" she is compared to all the Lachesis we've seen). We left quietly and walked out to CES 700 w/out seeing anything. At 1015h we caught an adult Bothrops asper that Isaias showed
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Greene, H. 1984 21 June (continued) us. It was under a long platform that lay on the ground under the porch of "Rafael's House," overlooking the Rio Puerto Viejo. Isaias had lifted the wooden thing, seen the Jerecopelo and set it down gently. The snake seemed asleep tight, high coil, w/ head facing under the house. When I tried to gently hook it out, the snake crested fairly rapidly towards the darkness under the house. When I restrained it with the hook and a hand on the tail, it struck 2-3 times, out and up, such that the mouth flashed wide open and white, and seemed to be held open for a short time. Looks like ~1.5 m total length, very pretty. Was in a good place to cause a snakebite accident. Later when we put it out in leaves to photograph, this snake seemed very calm, and I was able too carefully and slowly lift it into a car on a brook. [Forgot to write on 20 June that we walked out to ~600 CES at night, with a detour into the CES swamp. I found a subadult (?) Oxyrhopus petola stretched out along the rib of a small palm leaf, ~1 m above ground at trailside, CES 200; this was 2100-2200 hrs. In the swamp we saw Agalychnis callidryas, A. saltator, Hyla glaochroa and Hyla boulengeri, and heard Gastrophryne picturata.]
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Freere, H. 1984 21 June (continued) at 1034hr the big ♀ B. asper is in a flat coil facing the Salto, ~1m N of the Welfia frond but almost covered w/leaves; 26/30. at ~2115hr snake is same coil but head is on outer edge, facing S. Seems alert; 26/30. 22 June at 0829hr snake is in same spot, N of Welfia frond, but now head faces N to Salto and is down on an outer coil: 25/30. at 1028hr I caught a young adult Leptophis depressatus (tastin (?) in leaves beside the side wall at the edge of the PB Grove. This was in a patch of bright sunlight, after much rain lately. I pinned the snake's tail initially, and it turned and tried to escape into the adjacent forest rather than across the trail. After lunch we processed the Bothrops asper from Rafael's house and inserted a channel 2 minnette (the larger ♀ off CCL is ch.5). Snake has a SV of 1322mm, tail 183mm, and wt 1.2kg. In contrast to the photo session yesterday, this time the snake was nervous and snappy, alternating fast sliding away from me w/ sudden turn-and-lunge than brief pause w/ wide open mouth. We released this snake at 1530hr and it immediately coiled in virtually the same place it was captured. When I checked at 1630hr it had moved to the opposite end of the board. When we
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Greene, H. 1984 22 june (continued) returned at 03245 hrs snake had moved. Finally located a very strong signal in high grass on a slope just NW of the dock stairs, off the edge of the terrace the house is on. The snake had thus moved several tens of meters to the ENE. We did not persevere in visually locating the snake because of the difficulty of seeing it. While we stood as close as we got, Manuel noticed a Sylvilagus oread ~3m away, frozen. Despite our noise, light and movements this rabbit remained stationary. Was it aware of the Terriopelt or us? At 2345 hrs we located the larger ? B. asper (Ch 5), now several meters SW of the Welfia frond and up the slope of a hillock. She was in a flat coil (couldn't see her well) on a slope that faced away from the stream; 27/30. At 2104 hrs, as we initially went out to locate the two Bottrop's, we encountered a massive Lachesis muta crossing the trail at SOR 100m. Manuel was in front and suddenly exclaimed something, then went from talking extremely fast in Spanish to sputtering. I thought he saw a jaguar and I stepped to the left of the boardwalk to get a look. Maybe 20m ahead, clearly illuminated was the body and tail of an apparently huge bushmaster. The tail and posterior hung off the left of the boardwalk, and the body extended
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Breene, H. 1984 2 June (continued) out of sight to the right into the forest. My initial thought was, that snake is 10-12 feet long and we are not going to catch it! Sent Manuel and Sarah Tiefenau for a garbage can. When I first approached the snake it was frozen as if crawling slowly, head down to ground. I could see that it was very heavy, but perhaps not even 2 m long. When I stepped off the boardwalk about 3m away it suddenly turned, formed an elevated S-coil, and froze. When I took one step it raised the coil, vibrated the tail audibly, and, after a moment, struck toward me. The mouth was opened but there was no obvious "flash" as with ferivipelas. Twice the snake relaxed the coil and started slowly into the forest w/ head down to the ground, and each time I looked at it out it quickly assumed an S-coil. Manuel and Sarah arrived w/ the can. At least four or five times I tried to lift the snake, and in all but one instance as soon as it was going off the ground it turned up the hook while forming an S-coil. As I set it down each time, it started into the forest. When I took a step toward it the snake turned, coiled, and at least once, struck. That time as I jumped back I heard Manuel and Sarah behind
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Greene, H. 1984 22 June (continued) or crash into the bushes. Once I got it almost in, then the next time, all the way. The snake weighs ≈ 4.2 kg, heaviest we've caught yet. It seems to be either gravid or have a large food item, and I'm not sure of the length. This is the first we've caught at night, and was impressively more aggressive than those handled in the daytime. Dr Nic Heaf Dave Hardy, who originally initiated his 2 weeks visit in hopes of seeing a bushmoss, left 8½ hrs before we found this one. What a day! 23 June At 1000h the smaller Bothrops asper (ch 2) is m high grass a few meters N of the dock stairs and just above the river; 25/30. Still can't see it. At ≈ 1030 h the larger B. asper (ch 5) is in the same place, facing NE (took photos). Rained most of the afternoon so couldn't radiotag the Lachesis. At 1620h ch2 is apparently in the same place; 29/30. At 1636 h, ch 5 is in the same place and position; 26/30. 24 June Most of the morning was sunny and very hot. At 1025h, the ch 2 Bothrops asper was apparently in the same place; 28/30. At 1036h, the ch 5 B. asper was in the same place w/ head facing S, on an outer coil; 26/30 (in shaded area). It began raining hard just after lunch and continued until ≈ 1630h, so we couldn't tag the Lachesis. Continued to drizzle after that. At 1730 h I checked the
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Henri, H. 1984 24 June (continued) Rio Puerto Viejo below the station, at the base of a long chain of concrete steps. Normally the river here moves briskly, but is shallow, clear enough to see easily the large Ciclolasma fish, and so mellow as to be easy to stand in and bath. Now the water is a light reddish brown, swirling furiously around the trunks of big trees it has just surrounded, and going by very fast. Trees that were once well up on the banks have their lower limbs in the current, leaves whipping around. The Sura, a side stream has risen so high it's backflowing under its bridge, and foliage of streamside trees is visible beneath the murky surface. This Puerto Viejo is not the benign river across which two of us waded in the dark carrying a heavy, seriously ill Eric Barnett a couple of years ago! After some thought I decided to see how fast it took the river to rise the height of one step, calibrated from first splash over of one to the next step: exactly 5 minutes for c. 20 cm. While I sat there in the dusk, waiting for the second splash, huge logs went by. Each was surrounded by a slimy, foamy froth of leaves and other debris, a slick of elongate shape due to the current (I suppose). On one log was a whitish yellow, insensible, long dead pig. The pig was aligned along
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Greene, H. 1984 24 June (continued) the long axis of the log, its ears and legs flopped down the sides and large jogged split with its floated sides. It's not hard to see how tropical writers like Garcia Marquez and Vargas Llosa drift so easily into the surreal! At 2044 hr ch 2 was apparently in the same area; 22/30. At 2053 hr, ch 5 was in the same place w/ its head facing E; 24/30. At 2109 hr, George Schatz showed me a gravid female Leptodeira septentrionalis, coiled on dirt with its head resting against the sidewalk to the bathhouse. 25 June At 0700 we examined the Leptosis which turned out to be a mole and, since it was caught in the Reserve, was therefore not radiostaged. Snake has SV 188 cm, tail 18.5 cm, and therefore a total length of ~2.1 m. It had patches of dry skin, apparently about to shed, and at least 9 large gorged ticks (2 on head, rest scattered on either side of mid-dorsal ridge). Throughout our restraint of the snake it tried to flex, but no problems. We were assisted by Ann Brooke, Ana Gonz, Debbie Clark, and Sarah Lieberman. At ~0900 hr we failed to find the signal of Bothrops asper ch 2, as did Manuel over a 2 hour period later in the morning. Perhaps it washed or swam away when the river rose yesterday. At 0914 hr ch 5 was in the same place with head pointing S; 24/30. When Manuel checked this
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Freese, H. 1984 25 June (continued) Smoke ≈1100h it had moved ≈1.5m W under the edge of a large, fallen Dieffenbachia leaf. At 17/0 h, this snake is same place, head facing NW and visible from side. At ≈1900h we released the Lachesis at 100m in the S/E, and it slowly crawled W into the forest, head always down to the leaves and tongue flicking often. I poked its tail several times but never elicited the defensive behavior seen when we first encountered it. We checked the Bothrops asper Ch5 at ≈2010h; in same place, head pointed NW and hard to see from side of leaf. This snake is very well concealed! 26 June A bright sunny day at breakfast. At 0807h I went out alone to check Bothrops asper Ch5. Forest all aglow w/ light patches. Snake is in the same place, under the Dieffenbachia leaf w/ its head pointing to the Salto, over a loop. Oddly, its tail is out from the coil a few inches - has it moved? Took photos. Manuel, Sarah Lieberman, and Angel the boatman went upstream at ≈10 to search for the other B. asper. They picked up the signal ≈200m downstream from Rafael's house, and when they went ashore they saw an adult Spilotes go up a tree. Sarah and Angel came to the station for me and we boated up river. Very enchanting: cool breeze, waves, no bugs, bird noises. Two large Rhinoceros on stumps in the river.
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Here, H. 1984 26 June (continued) An adult Caiman crocodilus was lying on the long axis of a log on a sandbar at the river's edge, its mouth open and [illegible] legs dangling down. Tongue was rather bright yellow, sides of body olive w/ darker bars on tail. When we arrived we could see the Spidotes ~15-20m up in a tree over the river, and it was the case that the signal was strongest when the receive[r?] was held high in the air. We became semi-believers that the Spidotes had eaten the Bothers, tho I remained doubtful because of the lack of obvious girth in the former. Manuel and Sarah remained w/ the snake and the rest of us returned after lunch, ~1330hrs, by trail. The Spidotes eventually came to w/in ~3m of us, but when we shook the small tree, it moved up and out of sight. The speed and agility w/ which that snake moved in the foliage was impressive - it seemed "at home." As we walked around on the ground trying to see it, the signal seemed louder at one point over the edge of the terrace, on the steep slope of the forest river bank. M said, "it seems we are still looking for a Terriopelo." Manuel went down the slope and w/in 10 minutes found the snake, under leaves ~ 1/2 way down to the river, such that it could only be seen
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H. 1984 26 June (continued) through a little gap in them at ground level. It was impossible to see from anywhere else! Picked up a large piece of shed iguana skin on the ground nearby. Temp of snake 25/30 at 1400h. At 1415h we found the big F B. asper in her same spot, head pointed under leaf and tail no longer visible; 27/30. It is still sunny and partly cloudy, hot. Manuel called Alejandro Solazano at the Instituto Leoncio Picado. They had a Lachesis cat of Coendou spines in it, and a scat from a 2.08m B. asper w/ spines of Hoplonog. At ~1630h Manuel checked Ch2 and found it still there, head not showing; 25/30. 27 June at 0736h I found the big B. asper Ch5 in the same place; could see head under leaf, but tail and post. of body were outside on the ground in a hairpin form, not part of the main coil; 24/30. Just before noon Ann Broke found a Polychrus guttatus F dead on the SOR, which I preserved. It seemed very slender but otherwise intact, so cause of death is a mystery. Someone brought in two skinks that turned out to be Celebes sp. and Diplglossus bilobatus; the latter apparently a gravid F. At 2015h I found Ch5 in coil under the leaf; couldn't see head; 25/30. 28 June Manuel and I went up the Rio Puerto Viejo from
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Greene, J. 1984 28 June (continued) the station to Rafael's house and found the B aspes (ch 2) in the same site on the river bank. at 0839 hr we found ch 5 in its usual place. Michael Fogden caught an adult Micrurus microcarinatus in the Leje Baje grove that was discovered by workmen cutting grass this morning. At about 2015 hr Michael Fogden came running in and led me to an adult Lacheisis mutus that he found crawling up to the trail at 650 ccc. He left a flashlight on the ground pointing into the snake's face and it didn't move for the 14 minutes it took for his 2 km round trip! Caught it w/ little difficulty: everytime I gently put a hook on the snake to move it out onto the trail it drew back it's body into an S coil, then turned and began to crawl slowly into the forest. At 2115 hr the B. aspes ch 5 was OK; 26/30. In talking w/ Manuel tonight I learned he has not kept written note on his checks of the snakes. One or the other of us has checked ch 5 everyday in the early AM, sometime in the afternoon (usually late) and in the evening (19-2200 hrs). The other snake (ch 2) has been checked at least once each day since it was relocated. 29 June Started raining 0730 hr and continued into the afternoon. Alejandro Sdeyans arrived from the Instituto Clodomiro Picado. Manuel checked
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Greene, B. 1984 29 June (continued) both Bothrops asper before lunch and they were in the same places. Manuel checked Ch2 & 5 at 2100 h, both same place. 30 June Michael Foyden saw three Micrurus nigricinctus in one trip around the Camino Circular last night (x2 km). at ~09/10 h this morning he caught a 570 g Lachryphorus triangulum just as its tail was disappearing into a hollow log off the #C lab sidewalk in the forest. I palped a freshly eaten (swallowed head first) Helicops out of the snake that weighed 38.5g. We took out the Laesis at ~0930 - she inflated and formed an exaggerated S-coil, but never struck. Had some difficulty w/ the transmittter - couldn't get it past ca. 1/3 down. At 1030h I checked Bothrops asper Ch5 and found it still under the leaf; 25/30. Ana Gomez and her helper Danilo came in right after lunch to tell us they'd found a big Terciopelo in a fresh gap at ~700 m on the El Suampto trail. On our way out we found a tiny Bothrops marinus at 550 CCC at 1330h, coiled in the trail. Found the B. asper coiled on a log ~10 cm in diameter and adjacent brush, partly in sun, obviously swollen w/ food or young. Danilo had been working on all fours and suddenly saw the snake crawling between his legs! Said he 'had a new birthday' today, meaning I guess, that he's 'on borrowed time' from now on. Snake weighed 2.15kg and br
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Greene, H. 1984 30 June (continued) palpity we determined it is gravid. Rained off and on all day today, and at ~2200 hr I noticed that the Rio Puerto Viejo is higher than I've ever seen it and the Sura is flowing backward at a good clip. 1 July At ~0945 hr Alejandro Solizano found an Erythrolamprus minus crawling in leaf litter beside the AC lab sidewalk in forest. It tried to bite him, and tail displayed (thrash, slight coil) and cloacal discharged (fairly foul) when I handled it. ~1000 hr M. Fozder saw a small adult Mastigodryas melanolomus make an unsuccessful dash at a small Anolis festiva in the successional plots; the snake missed the lizard by a few inches and did not pursue it. At 1400 hr we released the Lachesis muta Ch 1 at the capture site, at 1426 hr Bothrops asper Ch 5 was in the same place under the Dieffenbachia leaf; 27/30. At ~1500 hr B. asper Ch 2 was same; 25/30. Checked the h. muta Ch 1 at ~1530 hr; 27/30. At ~2130 hr Michael Fozder found a 2.08 m Lachesis muta at ~320 m on the CES, crawling. I looked it very gently and it never even formed an S-coil. 2 July When I checked Bothrops asper Ch 5 at 0740 hr it was gone, and later learned that Manuel found it missing but a small scat and the
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Greene, H. 1984 2 July (continued) radio behind when he checked late last night. at 0901 hr I found a neonate Dendrophidion vinitor at ~500 m on the Sendero El Suampo; it inflated most of the body, formed an exaggerated S-coil, stuck and bit when handled. Palped (nothing) and released it. at 0917 hr found a fresh cat scat at SSU ~740, probably either Felis onca or Felis pardalis, late in the morning found a striped ? Norops capito ~1 m up on a small tree in the swamp. 3 July at 0820 hr the Ch1 Haechsis smuta on the Near Loop is in the same place, same posture V/head facing SE; 23/30. at 0911 hr the gravid ? Bothrops asper is coiled on a fallen log ~4 m off the CCL at ~760m, in a gap. We released the snake here yesterday, and this resting site is ~20 m from the release site. The snake is in shade but bright sun is <1 m away. 27/30. at 0924 hr ground temp in shade here is 24.5 C; snake 28/30. at 0926 hr the snake opened its mouth slightly. at 0957 hr the Ch 2 B. asper is in the same hole on the SW bank of the Rio Puerto Viejo and seems to be in pre- shedding condition; 24/30. at 1036 hr the gravid ? B. asper, Ch 4 still has head facing N; 30/30; ground 26.0 C. at 1050 hr I gabbled a ~1 m long Leptophis chaetilla as it crawled over a mossy tree butters at
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Dese, lt. 1984 3 July continued) ~150m on the CCC. It gaped, struck repeatedly, and cloacal discharged. At 1435hr the Lachesis muta ch1 is in the same place, head face N now; 26/30. At 1454hr the ? B. asper is completely exposed to an overcast sky, head facing SSE; 32/30. Before lunch, Helen Young (SUNY Stony Brook) saw an Onybelis denerus eating a juvenile Ameiva festiva (blue tail). Two days ago she saw a Leucopelasis semiplumbea eating an unidentified snake. At 1547hr I found a very pretty ? Norops capito very low on the barkness of a moss-covered tree at ~1000m on the CCC. 4 July Spent all day doing repeated checks of the two Bothrops asper (Ch 2,4) and the Lachesis muta (ch1) w/ OTS students (see separate data sheets). 5 July at 0417 I saw a paca, Agouti paca, chewing smething as it moved off on a little paca route from the S or right behind the station. Spent the day making repeated checks of the two B. aspen and the Lachesis muta on CCC w/ OTS students. At 0918hr I caught an adult Pseustes poecilomitus as it crawled across the CCC at ~900m. It was very
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Freeze, H. 1984 5 July (continued) very skinny w/ a stubtail. deflated, gaoped, and bit when handled. This is the second really skinny Pseudos I've seen in a week (other was caught by someone in the Reje Baje grove) and they are the only obviously emaciated snakes I've ever seen here. 6 July We inserted a radio in the 2.08m Lachesis muta from the CES on 3 July, released it the afternoon of 4 July, and failed to find the signal the next morning. Today, morning Manuel located the signal at a burrow, perhaps of Dasyops. Last night he saw the snake, a 2 m out hunting nearby and early at 0922 h I can't see the gravid Bothrops asper ch.4, but get a signal from the same freefall; overcast, 26/30. at 0926 h I spotted a part of the body, now behind a big branch laid on the SE side of a standing tree and still against the same fallen tree trunk, <1m from the previous site. At 1001h the snake is same; overcast; 26/30; air 26 C; ground 25 C. at 1030 h snake is same; overcast; 27/30; air, 26 C; ground, 25.2 C. I stupidly spilt from inside my mosquito net. [Forgot to note that I got stung by a bala, Pezaponera clavata here yesterday. I saw it go down my pant leg into my boot, grabbed for it, and felt a sharp, hot, interesting. Jim Rieser said I was dancing around like a cossack!] At 1038 h it is getting sunny. From
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Greene, H. 1984 6 July atop a nearly log I can see <= 1 m of the (continued) snake's body, in a hairpin, but not the head. Snake is on the rock edge of the same log as all along, largely hidden from view by sticks and the large Bruneliod. At 1101 hr snake is the same; 27/30; air, 26 C; ground 25.8 C. After lunch I walked out by way of CCC w/ Dare and Debbie Clark. At 1401 hr found the Lachesis muta ChI in the same place (didn't have a receiver for it w/ me). At 1419 hr B. aspy Ch4 is now back in its previous position, N of and a little behind the Bruneliod; overcast; 29/30; ground, 26.2 C; air, 26 C. At 1500 hr there was a very brief, light shower. Snake same; 29/30; air, 26 C; ground, 26 E. At 1530 hr, snake, 29/30; ground, 25.8 C; air, 26 C. At 1536 hr patches of blue sky have opened up and there is an uproar of cicadas. At 1600 hr snake is same, 29/30; air, 26 C; ground, 26 C. After dark Manuel found the Lachesis muta on CES out and hunting a short distance from the hole. 7 July Early this morning Manuel saw the Lachesis muta on CES suddenly turn and disappear down the hole. At 0930 hr I found the Bothrops aspy Ch4 in full sun w/ beads of water on her back, head facing NW. Snake was in a round flat coil and I took photos. It was
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Heane, H. 1984 7 July (continued) N of the bromeliad, as yesterday. Sunny, partly cloudy; air, 25 C; ground, 24.5 C. at 0937hr snake was only partly in sun. at 1000 hr snake same, 28/30; ground and air, 25 C. at 1036 hr snake same, 28/30; air 25.2 C. at 1048 hr I caught a juvenile B. asper at ≈ 700 m ccl; it was seen crawling away in litter at trailside when Danilo reached down to pick up a Dipteryx flower. at 1100hr snake same, 28/30; ground 25.8 C; air, 26 C. At 1122hr I found the ch 2 B. asper in the same hole in the river bank, skin still looking cloudy; 24/30; air, 27 C; ground, 25 C. at 1355 hr I found the ch 1 Lachesis muta on CCC in the same site w/ its head down in its coil; 25/30; air, 26 C; ground, 25C. This is just off the edge of an old gap, and sometimes a little sun hits the snake; light, intermittent rain now. at 1415 hr the ch 4 B. asper is in the same place, head facing ENE; 30/30; air, 26.8C; ground, 26 C. Now sunny but the treefall is mostly in the shade. at 1430hr it is still 30/30. At 1500 hr the snake is 30/30; air, 26 C; ground, 26 C. 8 July at 1015hr the ch 4 B. asper is on the tree trunk behind the bromeliad, fully exposed, w/ head up on an outer loop and facing
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Hore H. 1984 8 july SE; 29/30j air, 26C; ground, 24.8C. Sky is (continued) bright overcast, hot and humid. at 1035h snake is same, 29/30; ground, 25C; air, 25.2C. Took several tightly framed photos using michal Fozden's tripod. The snake's tail trails out of the coil and up into the leaves of the big branchliad as if it had crawled through there. This site is on the NE side of a gap at approx 760 CCL and never receives a lot of direct sun. The part of the gap (SW) across the CCL is sometimes in large patches of direct sun light, no more than 8m from this snake. at 1100h snake is same, 29/30; air, 26C; ground, 25.2C. at 1130h it is still bright and overcast, snake 30/30; ground, 25.5C; air, 26C. at 1155h, snake 30/30; ground, 25.8 C; air, 26C. at 14:10 h I checked the male Lachesis muta at approx CCL 320 (ch3); it is still in the hole, 25/30. at 1445h I found L. muta ch1 in the same place on CCC, 25/30; ground, 25C; air, 25.8; overcast. at 1515h B. asper Ch4 is not visible but the sign is strongest from the brush pile in the vicinity of the branchliad, 3/30; ground, 25.6C; air, 27.8C; blue sky, partly cloudy. Did it go down because of heat or because of army ants, which are now trekking right through where the snake was this morning?
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Heene, H. 1984 8 July at 1600hr, w/ the Fozders, I found B. asper ch2 (continued) in same place, 25/30; air, 26C; ground, 25.2 C. Bright sky, partly cloudy. 9 July at 0745hr I can't see B. asper ch2, but the signal is still strong from the same place; 25/30; air, 24C; ground, 24C. Clear and sunny. at approx 0815hr photographed Nops limifera and caught pretty N. lemurinus F approx 1m up on leaf. Very nimbly jumped to adjacent tree. At 0830hr, snake, 25/30; air, 24.5C; ground, 24.2 C. at approx 0845hr walked completed around that part of the gap (no fun, scary) and signal seems strongest by Croneliad, under brush. Couldn't see snake. Still hot and sunny. At 0900hr snake is 25/30; air, 25C; ground, 25C; bright, partly cloudy. Thinking about art and landscape: surrealistic forest and Garcia Marquez versus the epistential desert and Camus. at 0930 hr it is still bright and partly cloudy, 22C/30; air, 26C; ground 25C. At 0955hr I spotted the snake stretched out and emerging from brush on the E side and approx 3m from the Croneliad. Took photos. Snake was in full sun, sky overcast. Head points W from a hairpin approx 10 circles back, and rest of the visible (approx 1/2) part of snake is pointing E. 24/30; air, 26C; ground, 25C. At 1015hr, snake
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Greene, H. 1984 9 July (continued) same, 28/30; air, 26 C. It has been in the shade almost all the time, but there is still sun nearly. at 1035 hr, snake 28/30; air, 26 C; ground, 26 C. at 1051 hr, head has now turned SE and is out in space off a large leaf. I saw clusters of tongue flicks despite the fact I was well hidden behind a palm-exploratory? at 1100 hr snake same, 29/30; air, 26.1 C; ground, 25.2 C. I went to the water fall before lunch, and to town for mail afterwards. 10 July at ~0730h an OTS student found an adult Clelia clelia crossing the AC lab sidewalk in forest. It thrashed when handled. At ~0800h I was taken to ~100m on CES, where Edwin was watching an adult Pseustes poecilonotus that was frozen on the ground with its tail & posterior up on a buttress. Back and tail had many small, consecutive teeth, and my impression # was that the animal was just then descending from the tree. It thrashed, inflated, and bit repeatedly when grasped. Not feeling well and slept much of the morning. Just after lunch, David Clark showed me a very large leptophis ahaetulla crawling ~2.5-3 m above ground on vines and saplings, just off the AC lab sidewalk and in The Reserve. Snake was too high
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Dresner, H. 1984 10 July (continued) to scale for, and we watched it move away and up out of sight for a few minutes. As w/ the Epilotes on the bank of the Rio Puerto Viejo, I was really impressed by the ease of movement of the snake on slender vines and over leaves - as easy as swimming or flying, or so it seemed. Gerardo Vega, a very skilled worker and local naturalist, told me he watched a Leptophis ahaetulla this morning chase a Smilica (pura?) and catch it. The snake was initially ~1m up on a bush, and the frog hopped twice before it was caught. He estimated the snake as >= 1.2 m and the frog as a few centimeters. 11 July When I handled the Celia this AM for photos, it repeatedly tried to crawl away. When I restrained the head or anterior body, it immediately elevated the tail exposing the white belly and prolapsed cloaca, then "seized" my wrist in tight coils w/ the tail! This 6 ft + snake never tries to bite. I seem to be getting a flu or cold that's been going around here for weeks and stayed indoors all day. Manuel and Anna Feralta found a Scaphiodontophis venustissimus active in litter, which dashed beneath a
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Azara, H. 1984 11 July (continued) Socratea palm when chased. Resemblance to a Micrurus nigrocinctus was sufficient to cause Manuel to pin the snake w/ his foot. I palped a 3.85g ♂ Sphenomorphus chenieri, swallowed head first, out of the 43.5g ♂ Seaphiodontophis. By early afternoon the snake had died, tho why we don't know. Deborah Jetournan and Feyner Godino, friends from Berkeley, arrived. 12 July hot and sunny all day - we need rain. The forest is thirsty! at 0730hr Lachesis muta ch1 was in same place, head down; 23/30; air, 23C; ground, 24C. at 0804 hr Bothrops asper ch 4 was down behind the log, not in sun; 23/30; air 24C; ground, 24C. at 0843hr, B. asper ch 2 was still in hole w/ eyes very opaque; 23/30; air, 25.5 C; ground, 24.8C. 13 July at 0905 hr B. asper Ch 4 is immobile, partly coiled E of the burnilead on the log, w/ its posterior trailing through the green bromeliad leaves. Head faces ENE; 25/30. Discovred & broke the thermometer. a bright sunny morning! Took photos at 0910hr, only tail still up in bromeliad. at 0930hr the snake is same, but tail has come down into coil. 29/30. at 0947hr, as I watched the snake shifted a different, more posterior part of its body into direct sunlight, and stopped w/ its head facing SE. at 1000hr the snake is in same position, now mostly in shade; 32/30.
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Heere, H. 1984 13 July (continued) at 1030h the snake is in full shade and has been almost continuously since 1000h; sky sunny, partly cloudy; 32/30. at 1100m everything is the same, although there are gusts of wind and it seems that clouds are building up from the ENG; 32/30. at ~1115 hr Cathy Hoppen (Oregon St. U.) and Anne Brooke (UCB) saw a coral snake paytoned snake in forest just behind the switcher on SOR. It was fairly short and they thought it probably Lampropeltis triangulum. at 1126hr I grabbed a Leptophis nebulosus at ~SOR50 as it crawled on grass across trail. It had SV 515 mm, tail 257 mm, head width 6.7 mm, and 17 g. I palpated a juvenile frog, cf. Hylya, from it that had been swallowed tail first, SV 17.5mm, head width 6.7 mm, 0.4 g. When I initially grabbed the snake it thrashed, gaped, bit, and defecated a foul substance. Forgot to mention that yesterday at ~1600 hr Feynman Godinos showed me a Bothrops asper (360+38mm feces saved) in a light coil in the open at ~200m on CCL. at 2100hr Manuel and I found Lachesis muta ChI at a new site, N of the CCC trail and under some fallen leaves that formed a thatch over a limb. She seemed alert; 25/30. at 2119 hr B. asper ch 4 was behind the bromeliad and facing E; 26/30. a very bright moon tonight,
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H. H. 1984 13 July (continued) such that we can see the tops of understory shrubs w/out lights. The descent down the steep hill on CCC was especially beautiful, w/ the outlines of limbs and foliage clear cut on either side. Saw one large armadillo (Dasypus?) and >= 2 fotos. 14 July Raining steadily since during the night. At 0830h Lachesis muta ch 1 is in the same place, head facing SW and down in coils; 23/30. At 0852h Bothrops asper ch 4 is in same place as last night, and is drinking from droplets on its skin. At 0900h the snake is still drinking, as I could clearly see movements of the lower jaw. Entire 8-10 minutes I watched snake, its head was elevated, nose almost vertically downward. Chin movements sporadic. 23/30. At 0922h, B. asper ch 2 is still in the hole above the Rio Puerto Viejo; 23/30. Light rain still falling. At ~1400h I was called to ~ CCL 175 m to capture a large Bothrops asper, which turned out to be the same one we caught 17 June 1984 and lost tracked of (because it moved and left behind a defecated radio) on the night of 1 July 1984. It's ch was 5 then and now. The snake was found today by Deborah Teteanan (UC Santa Cruz) and Feyner Godinas and three others. They were standing on the boardwalk.
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Greene, H. 1984 14 July watching a bird on the buttress of a fallen (continued) tree just N of the trail when the snake crawled out and away from them. This is a place where there is a pit under and on the N side of the boardwalk because of the uprooted tree. Snake coiled immobile facing them beside the buttress. When I tried to hook it into a cam it crawled away repeatedly, then stood its ground under dead leaves at the base of a small tree, w/ head & neck in S- coil and tail vibrating. Once I had to restrain it a few inches behind the head and it turned and gaped widely w/ fangs erect for x 1-2 seconds - the mouth looks huge and white, jaws open almost 180! After dark Manuel and I made a circuit to check snakes on the Loop Trails. At 2225 hrs we found the Lachesis muta Ch 1 alert in the same place; 23/30. At 2240 hrs we found gravid & Bothrops asps Ch 4 in exactly the same position as last night, behind the Greerliad in a hairpin coil w/ head facing E; 25/30. Saw a large Dapnus just before we emerged from the forest on SOR behind the station. Michael Fogden had caught an adult Smartles & cenclura lying out on a palm leaf that contained a half-digested Norops lenuinus that had been swallowed head
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Thore, H 1984 14 July first. Snake weighed 22.5g; SV 715mm; (continued) tail, 315 mm; ♀. Remains of the anal (tail, hind legs, post. of body) weighed ≈ 5 g; groin to heel, ≈ 30 mm. 15 July At 0930 h found the Natrix mura on ECC in the same place, head down in coils; bright overcast; 22/30. At 0945 h Bothrops asper ch 4 is out in a wide, open coil & of the bromeliad Sunny, snake is partly in sun; 24/30. It seems to me that this snake usually has a tight, sheltered coil at night and a broad, exposed coil in the daytime, although a few nights ago Michael Fozden saw her in the open at x 0300h. At 0950 h I took some photos and saw her "swat" at a fly by flinching skin and/or muscles of the body a few centimeters anterior to the anus. Snake is still obviously gravid but the swelling is not yet concentrated near the cloaca. At 1000 h snake is same but all in shade; 26/30. At 1030 h all is same; 26/30. At 1047 h, the B. asper ch 2 in the hole of bark above the Río Puerto Viejo is as before; 23/30. At 1415h we released the old B. asper ch 5 at the capture site which is w/in ≈ 100 m of her former sitings. Put the radio in her w/out difficulty, and noted two injuries: a superficial skin cut behind the head which I undoubtedly
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Greene, H. 1984 15 July caused yesterday, and two birds a few inches (continued) above the cloaca which appears to be spiral injuries of unknown origin. When I turned her out of the can, she slid rapidly away to leaves at the base of a small Wolffia palm a few meters N of the trail, then coiled under them at S-coil and head facing me. I have the growing impression that these snakes try to escape, then prepare for an offensive defense should the pursuer continue. At 1425h Bothrops asper Ch 4 has head on the E side of a broad coil, facing E; bright overcast; 29/30. At 1440h. B. asper Ch 5 is as before, still "aimed" towards the trail. 16 July An uncomfortable night w/ biting bugs and snuffles, and I felt crummy this AM so Manuel checked the snakes. Getting a sore throat so I mapped and relaxed all morning. At ~1330h Feyrne Godinas showed me what appears to be the den of a Felis onca. It is ~50m N of the CCL at ~300m, on a ~N facing slope above the Quebrada El Salto. The slope is sparsely covered by trees and small understory palms, and there is a large fallen tree nearby. The entrance is a few meters down slope from the ridge, marked by an obvious mound of red dirt that rises directly in front and then falls away down the slope. The hole
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Deere, H. 1984 16 July (continued) faces slightly up from horizontal, measures ~ 50 x 21.5 cm, and is shaped like this: [diagram]. W/ a light we could see that the den is a large, more or less round chamber ~ 2m in all dimensions, w/ the roof slightly higher than the entrance hole. It is clean - no feces, bones, etc, and only a leaf or two; no obvious bed. There was a distinct furred cat track a few cm in front of the entrance on the upslope between entrance and dirt mound, w/ well spread toes and ~ 1/2 an across. Couldn't find any hair or other sign, but a distinct game trail traversed the slope from below to the west, just above the entrance, to the ridge to the east. We tried to imagine any other animal at Ja Selva constructing that room and couldn't, and the entrance seems large enough for an adult jaguar (or a person) to slip into. It seemed recently used, as there were no spider webs and the edges of the entrance were very distinct. The room drops off just inside the entrance, such that one couldn't just crawl in or out. Maybe a nursery? We (Fayner and the Foydens) agreed to keep the location secret for a few days and not revisit the site immediately, in case the cat is
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there, H. 1984 16 July using it. At 1405h Faynmers showed me a small (contined) (approx 40mm) Eleutherodactyls biporcatus that he found inside a dry, old fruit on the ground. He found it this morning amidst a column of army ants, undisturbed by them. George Schatz (U. Wisconsin) came by as we talked and identified the fruit as Passiflora arborea. At 1410h I saw the Bothrops asper ch 5 in a loose coil on the forest floor near where it was released, w/it's tail & posterior trailing outside the coil proper (because of injury ?); neck looked OK; 29/30. At 1435h B. asper ch 4 is on a branch pile approx 2m NE of it, "usual" site close to the berm lined. It is in shade in a fairly tight coil; bright sun and partly cloudy: 30/30. At approx 1655 Jonnie McTague (U. Miami) called me to a harpy-propellus triangularum she saw cross the CES at approx 50m and take refuge in dead leaves at the base of a small tree. When I seized it the snake thrashed, bit fiercely and repeatedly, and cloacal discharged. It had obviously eaten recently, and I palpated three Heteromys from it, all of which had been swallowed head first. The snake weighed 360g; SV, approx 97cm; tail, 17cm; sigma. The mice weighed 40, 30.5, and approx 29g. Wait to Puerto Viejo w/ Rodolfo and Anna Peralta
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Dzera, H. 1984 16 July (cont.) for the night. 17 July Rainy before dawn and as we walked into town. Victor's truck wouldn't run, so all of us (~10) rode in Angel's big boat from behind Victor's house to La Selva, in a good rain. Saw several kingfishers and a heron. Still have a sore throat.
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Heere, H. 1984 3 August Black Mesa, Cimarson Co. Oklahoma arrived here ~ 1800 and walked around flats and lower slopes for 1-1/2 hours. Still very light. Saw juvenile Holbrookia maculata in flat, open grass beside the road, which responded to approach w/ fast, straight dashes for >= 0.5 m. Saw a Sceloporus undulatus which escaped in boulders, and an adult ? Grotaphytus collaris. I found the collared lizard inactive under a lava rock in a flat grassy place strewn w/ them; it ran a few meters away and under a flat rock, where it took refuge in abanon. The soil was too dry to dig much w/ little hands or pocket knife (broke a point). Camped at Black Mesa State Park, ~ 8-10 rd. miles away. 4 August Back to Black Mesa ~ 0700 and walked around 'til >1200. Thus today a team from the MRZ scaled the highest point in Oklahoma in a morning, at 4973 ft. The Mesa is a rimrock, several miles long, that seems to run WSW to ENW. We walked up the ~ S facing aspect. The top is a plateau bordered on the ~N by a meandering canyon, surrounded by rimrock. As one leaves the grassy flats the slopes have juniper, cholla and prickly pear and small barrel cacti, and shrubs. The rocks are generally light, but the rimrock is dark reddish brown lava and there are cascades of the latter that reach and spread out down the slopes at intervals.
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Greene, H. 1984 4 August (continued) The only lizard we caught was an adult P Sceloporus undulatus on a boulder; she seemed to match well enough the background colors, but might not be any darker than normal individuals from elsewhere. Las Vegas, San Miguel Co., New Mexico Stopped here to camp just outside of town at Stone Lake State Park. Very good meal at Johnny's Mexican restaurant, then to a movie (Conman The Destroyer). We had been told park gates closed at 2000 and raced back up only a minute or two to spare, only to find them locked. Just as we'd laid a board over the one-way spit gate spikes to drive over them, the park official came up, very disgusted, and let us in. Then found that a large family group had either ignored our tent or overlooked it! On the drive to here we'd seen numerous raptors thus far, including prairie falcons, ferruginous and red-tailed hawks, and at least one eagle (on a telephone post). Also a Vulpes vulpes out in the middle of grassland in Okelahoma (DOR). 5 August "Point of Melpais," 20 mi S. of Grants on Hwy 117, Cibola Co., New Mexico. We reached here in mid-afternoon, a site Claudia read about in a paper by Hooper on melanism in mammals on lava fields. This is an
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Glen, H. 1984 5 August (continued) extensive, heavily vegetated lava field covering hundreds of square miles. It is bordered on the E and W by hghed forested mesas that aren't lava, and on the S by grassy plains. Much of the lava on the flow is covered w/ lichens, and there are many junipers as well as ferns in the deeper cracks. In places there are long, straight sided, deep fissures a meter or more wide and several meters deep. The only lizard we saw was a F Sceloporus undulatus on the flow. She seemed a little darker than I expected, w/ bishen dorsolateral stripes that are near the local lichen colors. Claudia photographed her on lava, on a non-lava rock across the road, and on a dead branch - she was only arguably more cryptically colored on the lava. El Mono National Monument, Cibola Co., New Mexico arrived here ~1830 to camp, a very pretty spot at over 7000 ft. Pinyon, juniper, sage, lots of flowers, on grassy flats and low hills, surrounded by large sandstone, tree covered mesas. Just as we walked up to the park Ranger's campfire talk at 2030hr it started to pour (he seemed surprised when we left for shelter) and rained all night. When I awoke ~0600 it had stopped, but now, ~1 1/2 later, its still moist and chilly and mist shrouds the mesas (early on the 6th).
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Greene, H. 1984 27 October ~2-3 mi W. of Lake Elsinore on Hwy 74, Orange Co., California After a beautiful drive through the Santa Ana Mountains, I stopped at this roadside spot where in the spring of 1979 I caught a juvenile Crotalus ruber. Today turned pieces of tin and boards, but got only Uta and Sceloporus occidentalis (this was ~10am). Piogal Creek, San Bernardino Co., California Walked around here from 1400-1600 hrs. Sunny, a little cool, rocks warm to touch. Saw ~6-8 Uta, caught one. Also got a small adult ? Theroaurus gracilous under a rock, ~1.5m from a creosote bush. Saw tail drags, c.f. Cremidophorus, and lots of mammal tracks, but no snakes or snake tracks. Got circled by a CHP plane and then an officer in a car - said they're watching for stolen vehicles. Supper in Judlow. Road hunted from ~1815-2030, ~70 miles. Got adult Crotalus cerastes at 1827 and 1900 hr, both very noisy, and an adult ? Coleonyx between the two. I drove back and forth from the RR tracks to a point ~10.7 miles west of them, thereby covering both places where lava crosses National Trail Hwy and hoping to get a Timmphodon! 28 October Hwy 140 at Newbury Springs, San Bernardino Co., California DOR Masticophis flagellum at ~0830hr, apparently hit yesterday. Total length ~40-50cm, so I surmise it was a yearly.
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