Greenland Journal IV 1916-1917

Hovey, Edmund Otis, 1862-1924; American Museum of Natural History; Crocker Land Expedition (1913-1917)

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Scientific expeditions Description and travel Hovey Edmund Otis 1862-1924 Crocker Land Expedition (1913-1917)

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248 Pages

Greenland Journal IV

I. L. FAIRBANKS & CO. STATIONERS 15 Franklin St., Boston No. 115 E. O. Hovey, American Museum of Natural History, New York City. Greenland Journal, IV.

North Star Bay ff. 13 July. Thursday. Clear and cloudless. Light northerly wind or calm. Temp at the house at noon 39°. A beauti- ful day and a great relief from those at the ship. Shortly after off, Rasmussen stopped here on his way to the top of Umanak Butte (Mr. Dundas) with Boseman. I accompanied him to the base of the steep slope and then turned back. Spent most of day arranging stuff, writing and visiting. After dinner made call on Rasmussen with Etclaw. Koch showed pencil me his sketches of the coast line of Melville Bay from Devil's Thumb all the way around to Cape York. They are excellent and are partic- early good in view of the trying

ELDRANDS & CO [illegible]

circumstances under which they (2) were made, during his and Rasmussen's sledge trip in the first half of June. Navarana served delicious coffee. The three Danes came back to our house with us and we had some music on the Victrola. They have good taste in music, i.e., Rasmussen and Koch, particularly the latter. Eskblaw has been feeling more or less ill for three weeks, suffering from an attack of the grippe trans- mitted by one of his letters from home, he thinks. Is much better now, but has a badly infected middle finger on the left hand, arising from a slight wound received more than a month ago. Danger of a stiff outer joint as a result. Infection resulted from Very painful handling walrus

H.H. FAIRBANKS & CO. [illegible]

14 July. Friday. Cloudy, but very pleasant. Fog on bay in morning, late heavy clouds in p.m. Temp. min 31°; 9a. 38°; 12m. 39°; 4p. 42°; 8p. 39° Slept better last night than for months on board the ship. Am glad that I made the change, because life is far more enjoyable here for me than there, although I have fewer conveniences and no spring to my bed. Exblaw told me yesterday that Mene had no occasion for complaint regarding the trip over to Parker Snow Bay. Mene had had a good break- fast here at the house the morning of the day that he started. He had come in saying that Rasmussen was not going to go over that day because it was so warm and that he (Mene) could not wait

any longer. Hence he was go-(4 ing to get Eggingwal badu to take him across. Ek & Dr. went out into the field and were gone 9 hours, when they returned they found that Mene had started out on foot. He there- fore had no occasion whatever for finding fault because Ekblaw for giving him no food for the journey. He was through with working for us on 15 June, but Ekblaw assures me that he would of course have given Mene food for the journey, had he known the need of it. Dr. got a young seal. 15 July. Saturday Clear in the early morning but foggy from a- bout 7 a.m. till afternoon then clear and beautiful again. Light S. wind at imes, with intervals of calm.

Temp. min. 31°, 8a. 32°; 12m. 37°; 4p. 39°; 8p. 35° My first day as cook. Got along all right, apparently to the surprise of Captain Comer, but the menu was simple -- bft. oatmeal, fried ham, coffee & Dr. Hunt's bread (he is "official bread maker" to the party); luncheon, canned corn, cold meat, peaches, tea; dinner, boiled seal, tomatoes, stewed prunes, tea. Called on Peter & Koch this afternoon. Fired at target at 100 yds., managed to hit outside the circles three times in five shots - Not much of a marksman! 16 July. Sunday. Clear night and cloudless, beautiful morning, with light N.W. wind. Wind grew stronger and veered to W. about

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noon and sky became thinly overcast 16 and cloudy about 2 o'clock. Temp. min 28°; 8a. 34°; 12m. 35½°; 4p. 38°; 8p. 35° Flags are up to-day - U.S. on ours and Danish on Peter's. Ek has been alternat- ing U.S. + Danish flags on our house. Ek went out botanizing with Koch, hairy, assured him 105 species of plants from here. They got back last evening and returned at 3:30 today with 20-25 sp. and the knuts' nests. This morning I photographed the habitat of a snow bunting for Ek. Practised some more with my rifle and had better results than yesterday. Wearing my reading glasses, I made a 5; two 3s and one outside the circle in four successive shots. After dinner we had victrola music for an hour or more. Ek and I walked out on the flat from 6 to 8, or thereabouts, to see the entrenched stream east of

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Peter's house and an clay flow [1] and embanked stream on the upper edge of the "Illinois Fields." The raised edges of the short stream are probably caused, according to N.R.E., by differential elevation due to un- equal freezing and thawing in the ground upon the uneven sur-face of the ice table or upon the surface of the rock floor, which is not deeply buried. We passed the graves of two Danes and three Greenlanders, two of the latter were children of Seck- mann Rosbach, formerly Peters assistant or clerk. On our return route we went to Astrup's monument or cenotaph, a cairn of angular blocks of diabase partly covering a triangular block of the same rock all built so as to face the ice.

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cap. in accordance with Astrup's last wishes, a gnomon pointing toward the cap surmounts the pile, and a marble slab facing in the same direction bears the simple inscription "Eivind Astrup 1891-1892 1893-1894" Collected a pretty little rhodo-dendron, purple blossom. Somewhat like Kalmia, etc says. 17 July. Monday. Overcast and thick all morning. Light easterly wind and spitting snow till after 9 o'clock. A few drops of rain about noon, variable wind. Temp. min. 32°; 8 a. 36°; 12 m. 38°; 4 p. 40°; 8 p. 35° About 3 p.m. sky was clearer, though still overcast & I photo'd snow breaking at entrance to nest and

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young ones in nest for Eleblaw. The performances of the parent birds were interesting to watch, the contest between their fear of us and their desire to feed their young was so manifest. After a half-hours waiting with my camera in readiness, I got the male at the entrance to the nest with his bill full of crane flies. More than once we saw the male transfer to the female crane flies which he had caught. After dinner I was out in the cause for about two hours with Eck & Dr. We went to an islet near the Estero tupies and I took photos of nest and three eggs geider duck and nest and one egg of the tern. The former is made of down but the latter is a mere depression in the gravel. Both are exposed.

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"The ice is getting thin, rotten (10 and separated in that part of the bay. Tuesday 18 July. Thinly overcast and calm, followed by light S.S.W. and variable winds. Foggy late afternoon & evening. Temp. Min. 29°; 8a. 38°; 12m. 36°; 4p. 35°; 8p. 34° Out in morning for an hour with Cap- tain Corner. Photo'd Astrup's mother. Dr. Hunt says that by questioning he learned that the white-coat which Captain Picard secured from Erik, and wh. I later got from Norman, was taken from the body of the mother and not from the stomach of a white whale. Erik & Dr. were out in canoe this aft- morning and early afternoon. Got a seal.

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Peters and Koch spent part of [1] Evening here - the war of course occu- pied part of our conversation. Great speculation as to time of arrival of our steamer - I say earliest date will be 22nd, probable date 25th. Peter says 27th. Ek says 5 Aug. Rasmussen says 6 Aug. 19 July. Wednesday. Few cirrus clouds in a.m., cloud- turning less afternoon, calm or light variable winds. Low lying fog about all day. Temp. min. 29; 8a.30; 12m.35; 4p.35; 8p.38o Peter came over with Koch about 9:30 and the latter went out with Ek and Dr. for long hike on mountains. Captain Comer went to the old igloo refuse heaps to dig. Peter stayed with me till 2:30, telling me some- thing about his varied life. He help-

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ed himself through the uni-'12 versity by newspaper work and sailing. He now offers me $8+$10 for blue fox skins accord- ing to quality or $8 straight throug- out and $5 for white ones, and will fix up the 50# that I wish to reserve. He says that the re- port brought up by Mr. Rasmussen indicates a nearly average fur market now. [I said that I would discuss the matter with K.R.] As I was darning a stock- ing this afternoon, Jennie 50# came in and picked it up when I daid it down to thread my needle. She was much interested to see a man sewing, but she did not Know much about darning and asked me to show her how. So I gave her a lesson and she

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caught us very quietly. Left Sydney just a year ago yesterday at 6 p.m. What a year! About 7:30 Innabook, Ahndalungual, and Norwana, the last carrying her 9-day old baby in her hood, started from the house for the top of the Unnamak. The took two photos of them before they started later. The girls went only a short distance and sat down for a visit out of sight of the house. Peter read me part of a letter from Inspector Lindow inquiring about becoming the report now current among the Eskimos and Danes to the effect that Piawato had been shot, in- stead of meeting his death in the snow. Peter thinks that Mae should be informed of the rumor so that it may be allayed before our

departure from this region. I [14] said that I would bring the matter to Mac's attention, though the already published report assigned the snow as reason for the death. Peter asked my advice as to his writing a letter to Mac about the matter, but I re- plied that I did not feel that I could advise him. Evidently doubt has been cast upon the story given out by Mac and Green. Would it not have been better to tell the truth about the event at first and stand by the necessity of what was done? Bad business anyhow and liable to cause severe criticism, if not serious trouble. 20 July. Thursday, Clear and cloudless or nearly so.

all day, but with lowlyng fog (15) in the distance which occasionally sent streamers in to us and ever hid Saunders Island for a short time. Wind very light fr. south in morning and from north or northwest in after- noon. A beautiful day. Temp. min. 30°; 8a. 38°; 12m 38°; 4p. 35½°; 8p. 39½° 21 July. Friday. Clear - no fog in early morning. Some cirrus and high stratus clouds. Calm. Became overcast by noon Temp. min 26°; 8a. 32°; 12m. 42°; 4p. 41°; 8p. 37° Went with EK over to pond near lupines at Unamak to photo plants for him in the morning light. This morning, like yesterday too in fact, Dr.'s refrain is "I want to go home. I want to go home", voicing pretty accu- rately the thoughts of us all, I think.

about 3 p.m. Hendrik Olesen and Tobias (/6 and robs of subtervis Gabrielsen brought over lumber to begin re- fining the roof on "our" house. I was then going through the victrola records, inven- torying them, and about 4 o'clock the men knocked off their work(?) and came in to listen to the music. The Eskimos like music to a surprising degree. Ek and Dr. were hunting all afternoon, they came in shortly after 6 o'clock without any mjjik or frisse, though they had killed a small seal which they were unable to secure before it sank. Ek went out again in the evening with Koch, botan- izing. They came in soon after 8 o'clock and we had luncheon before Koch left. He is an interesting young man and shows good training and much promise in geology.

22 July. Saturday. Heavily overcast, thick, calm. Showers of rain began to fall between 3 & 4 a.m. and continued all day, some of them being heavy. A really rainy day. Temp. min 32°; 8 a. 41°; 12 m. 37°; 4 p., 39°; 8 p., 39° Rasmussen and his party came in from Saunders Island by boat all except for short stretch of ice over wh. they dragged the boat the way last evening. He reached our tent at 12:25 this morning and reported completely open water and "no ice" in sight outside Saunders Island. The party was not as suc- cessful in hunting as they hoped to be. They got only one walrus and one narwhal (both killed by our Egingwah), but secured many seals. Egingwah suffered from an attack of the grippe out there but is better now though he looks thin and tired.

I lay awake for more than three \n\nhours after K.R. passed on, hence I have felt rather weary to-day. This is the first day that I have assigned as the earliest on which the steamer might be looked for. We have seen no sign of her yet - 4:30 p.m. - and I do not really expect her to come before the 25th. North Star Bay itself is still covered with last winter's ice in place, but the ice is become ing very rotten and there are big holes and pools in it, while a lead has opened all the way across from the outer side of the Una- \n\nake to the "Torrent", as Ekblaw and Janquary call the exit of the stream coming down from the main ice. cap, beyond the promontory called "Petovisc", off which the "North Star" wintered. Called on Rasmussen in the evening.

23 July. Sunday. Overcast. Much nimbus cloud in sky, looking very threatening. South wind began to blow early this morning, and has been very strong (6-7) at times during the day. Temp. min 34°; 8a. 38°; 12m. 38°; 4/. 38° My day as cook. Captain Comer keeps busily at work at his digging in the refuse heap. Poor results to-day, but he generally gets something of interest. After dinner Dr. Hentz and I walke ed over to the end of the gentle slope on the southwest side of the Umunaks. Here is much open water now in Wostenholme Sound, but North Star Bay itself remains almost solidly blocked. Very thick on the ice cap. Generally disagreeable day anyhow. Not likely that the "Clivett" has gone out yet.

24 July. Monday. (20 Nearly overcast and cloudy all day, with occasionally a little rain. Wind moderate from east or north- east, not strong enough to disturb the ice in the bay. Disagreeable & chilly. Temp. min. 3 1/2°; 8a. 38°; 12m. 38°; 4p. 4 1/2°; 8p. 4° Rasmussen called just as we were fin- ishing breakfast. He fell to on the pan- cakes and maple syrup with enjoyment. Staid an hour and a half. Interesting man. I went out in the afternoon and col- lected some mosses for Mrs. Streetor on the rock terrace a half mile or so north south of Pete's house. Also got some of the little willow which grows only 1 1/2-2" tall and has only two or four leaves. Noted a fine small surface of diabase showing trigonal and hexagonal parting and some creep down the slope.

25 July. Tuesday Overcast all day, tho' sun almost broke through at midday. Wind E 5-6 in earlier morning, later becoming lighter and variable. Calm evening. Looks like rain. Temp. min. 38°; 8a. 43°; 12m. 44°; 4p. 45°; 8p. 46° Collected mosses around old igloo sites and flowering plants there Captain Corner had seen and elsewhere - dinner at Peter's house. Somewhat grouchy day with G.C. But why? Don't know Called on Rasmussen after dinner. He returned with me to listen to music. EK & Dr. came in about 9:30 from seal hunting and K.R. stayed to chat with us all and three to evening luncheon. Left about 11:20. Unassok had No ship or "any" day. light pilotto. Began to rain about 11 o'clock. Leaves are beginning to show their autumn colors. 26 July. Wednesday Rained rather steadily till 9 a.m. or after, remained cloudy and overcast

during remainder of day. Light (22 +5 Easterly and S.E. wind and calm. Temp. min. 34o; 8a. 39o; 12 m. 36 1/2 o; 4 p. 39 1/2 o; 8p. 39o Latter part of morning went to locality on lower part of rock plateau about 1 mi. N.E. of house and collected a lot of the little two-leaved willow. Captain Corner keeps on industri- ously at his digging in the old re- fuse heap, finding enough to re- ward his industry. Ex't Dr. got a seal & Egingwah got one - 27 July. Thursday. Thick clouds. Overcast. Sun broke through for a very few minutes a- bout 8 a.m. Wind S 1. Rather heavy rain from 2:30 p.m. on. [S. or S.E. gale] [from the] [base at 10:30] Temp. min. 34o; 8a. 44o; 12 m. 45o; 4 p. 41 o 8p. 43o Wind seemed to be blowing strongly out in the North Water and it look-

ed stormy out there in the after-(23 noon. Where is our ship? Try to do something on the narrative of the "Cluett" voyage every day, but it is hard work to accomplish anything of that kind while looking so anxiously ly for our steamer's arrival. We had Rasmussen, Frenchen & Koch over in the evening for a pancake- & music-feast. All had a good time. Heavy gale from S or S.E. began to blow about 8 p.m.. This combine with the high tide (new moon tomorrow) start ed the ice out of the bay, making a zone of water 100-150 yds wide along head of bay. Wind blew max & min thermometers down from the rail and broke them. Sharp flurry of hail about 10:30 p.m. Very heavy rain at 11:45, like a thunder shower at home. E & I brought our sleeping gear into the house for the night.

28 July. Friday, (24 O Still raining a little. Wind S.E.3-4, the gale having blown itself out during the night. Rained hard during night. Temp. 8a. 44°; 12m. 46½°; 4p. 44°; 8p. 43° Ice remains as it was at midnight Some grounded icebergs between the Pe- touik Point and the Ummalik seem to be holding the ice in the bay. The ice is in two big pans, besides the numerous cakes along the shore. Captain Comer has been arrang- ing the best of his finds on pieces of thin cardboard in a rough sort of classification. They look well and show some good results for the work that he has been putting in as the old refuse heap. Rasmussen, et al. were much interested in look- ing at some of them last evening.

29 July. Saturday, (25) Thinky over cost and more or less cloudy all day with sun visible at times. Somewhat showery. Calm, or very light southerly wind. Temp. 8a.43°; 12m.44°; 4p.39°; 8p.39° Tried experiment of firing rifle bullet at closed can filled with water. It exploded all right showing the in-compressibility of the water. One shot at 50 yards. Struck fairly in center. Got in some work on "Cluett Voyage" After dinner walked out with Eck, going half way up the slope of the Unnamak. The whole isthmus - "Illinois Fields" - is elevated sea bottom composed of diabose beds of single and gravel. At 2 p.m. Tobias & Bozeman began putting the rubber roofing on and worked till sun

by midnight, finishing one side all 126 but the battening. Such is the way of working up here! They let all kinds of good weather go by doing nothing; brough the stuff over on the 21st and could have done the work before the rain set in, but did not; but then, they had the repairing material here last fall and left the roof remain in its leaky, ruinous state all winter, so that snow was shoveled out of the attic every once in a while last winter. Peter is not very methodical. Returned to tent to sleep. 30 July. Sunday. Cloudy, but not thick. Some patches of blue sky visible and sun shining through once in a while. Temp. 8a. 43°; 2p. 44°; 4p. 43°; 8p. 41° Et and I started out at 11 a.m. for a walk

up the slopes toward the northeast. (27) Stopped at Panitcha's old igloo on the bay not far from (N.E. of) the Astrip monument. A good igloo command- ing a beautiful view across Wos- tenholme Sound between Saunders' island and the mainland. I won- der whether the old man appreciated it. All the igloos at Umanak look out upon fine views, though it is not likely that either here or elsewhere the Eskimos pay much at- tention to the view in choosing sites for their dwellings. We continued our walks up over diabase ledges, grassy swales and plains and sandy, gravelly earthy debris to the first group of lakes discharging into "Fall Creek", whose noisy waters are heard so plainly from the topic point.)

I turned back at "Fault Lake", 128 560' above the sea, 2 1/2 -3 miles from the house. This lake or pond is in a depression in one of the numerous fault zones that traverse this region and is much deep than others in the vicinity, there being apparently 10-12' or more of water along southern side. Fall Creek has cut a pretty little gorge through the diabase & down to the sea, descending fully 500 feet in less than a half mile. Frost work has greatly aided the task of breaking down the rocks,- it is a mighty force in the Arctic. Etc called my attention to a place in the side of the gorge where water wh. this spring had been imprisoned in the gravel there forming the bank until it had acquired force enough to burst through in a temporary torrent had

carried a considerable amount (29 of debris on to the snow and moved bowlders 1/2 - 2' in diameter several feet from last winter's resting place. Soli- flection has done much work on the gently sloping plain as well as on its steeper borders and the countless little "earth glaciers" are gradually transporting much material down hill. Ek collected a fern at a point 250 feet above the sea near where I got my little willows. Ferns are rare. The roofing job was advanced some. what to-day. 31 July. Monday. Low stratus clouds followed by cloudless skies till late in the morning. A beautiful day.

Calm alternating with light (30 variable N. & N.W. winds. Temp. 8a. 40°; 12m. 40°; 4h. 45°; 8h. 47° In the morning went over near the igloos with Etc to photograph some "quadrats" (measured square metres) of poppies and buttercups and some other subjects. After lunchon went with Dr. & Ek in the Canoe around the Urnanak Butte. They climbed the Tulus slope to the base of the diabase cliff, hoping to be able to reach a gyr-falcon's nest which is midway of the cliff face; while I paddled about in the canoe waiting for them. They found their quest too difficult wit- out ropes &c and came down. Then we left on around the point. The day was lovely, the

was smooth and the ride [31] enjoyable. We beached the canoe in a cove near the tupiás and returned on foot across the isth- mus to the house, arriving at 4 p.m. It was my day on as cook and I had been planning to have boiled ham for dinner, but it was too late to get that ready and I fell back on boiling some akhatís (murres) which, fortunately, Juma- cok had made ready for cooking. These birds are not nearly so fine in flavor as the akputtiaks or even as the fruisse. Here the akhatis are called little anks by Peter, whereas we called the akputtiak by their name. After dinner Ek + Dr. took the Canoe and went for us. Woster -

Sound, the evening being (32) calm, clear and beautiful. Pe- ter came in to bring Ek a mark- ing brush and he stayed a couple of hours chatting and eating. I offered him coffee but heated up and gave him Tea by mistake, having picked up the wrong kettle! Then after Peter's departure Captain Come came down for a smoke and chat. The Captain greatly surprised me by saying that Dr. Hunt had remarked to him within a day or two that in his (H's) opinion I would have made a better leader of the C.L.S. than Mac, through being sys- tematic and methodical. I have no desire to be in charge in the field of an Arctic expedition, but the

Dr.'s good opinion is pleasing—(33 the more so because I have not him considered more than passively friend- ly to me, if indeed he were that. About 10 o'clock Ek & Dr. came in reporting that they had secured an erguk (square flipper seal) and had towed him in shore at the tupics. This was their first catch of the kind and they were glad. After eating some supper, Ek and I went over to the ergjuk. He got Egingwah badu to skin the animal and I was interested in watching the Eskimo, who finished the job of skinning and cutting up most skillfully just as the "Ingerlis" came to anchor in the Cove and sent her boat ashore at midnight under the light of a clear sun.

We had observed the power - [34] boat working her way out from in front of Peter's house around the west east side of the bay and EK had hurried in order to get the seal cut up before the boat should arrive, so that he might divide the meat according to his own ideas and not accord- ing to the Eskimo custom, which accords certain parts to those who help skin and cut up. Egingwah entered into EK's wish and the way he wrestled was surprising, as was also the skill with which he severed the joints with his knife. Shortly after midnight the "In- gerlis" left for the Carglands with Peter & Koch. Beautiful night.

1 August. Tuesday. Scattered cirrus clouds and very light S.W. wind at 8 a.m., but clouded over and S. wind was chilly by noon. Thicker in after- afternoon, but moderate, chilly wind from north in afternoon, but calm after about 4 o'cl. rather showed thickly from 6 to 6:30 x more later. Temp.: 8a. 41°; 12m. 38°; 4p. 35½°; 8p. 35½° August has arrived with the old ice still blocking and practically filling the bay in front of the houses, which is the true North Star Bay. No steamer yet and we are waiting, only waiting. Photo'd our sleeping tent and adjusted scale on graphic camera. Did a little work on the

with Peter Koch to the Cap Is., while (36 the rest went up Wostenholme Sound after the narwhals which Ek & Dv saw last evening. The roofing job has been deserted, three-quarters done, and tools and lumber dropped there last held. 2 August. Wednesday. Heavily overcast and thick. Strong easter- ly gale (7-8) began to blow about 4 a.m. and raged with but little moderation all day. The spruce was flying thick- ly off and beyond Petorik Point, which is at the mouth of the valley down which we came from the Ice cap. Temp. 8a. 36½°; 12m. 38½°; 4p. 38½°; 8p. 37½° Egingwah and the others who went after narwhals returned last night, hav- ing had no success. This has been a stormy, disagreeable

chilly day, though we have had no [37] rain or snow yet (7:15p.) The ice really went out of North Star Bay this afternoon, disappear- ing around the Umanak Butte about 5 o'clock. My guess is that Parker Snow Bay has cleared out to-day too under the influence of this wind and the high tides, and that the "Cluett" has sailed also unless the wind has been too strong for her to start. Most of the others, perhaps all of them, think that she got out some days ago. Acting on a suggestion made by Ek, who is cook today, I went over to the other house and brought Rasmussen back to dine with us. He had boiled eqsuk (square flipper seal; orsok is the word for blubber or oil), baked beans,

cranberry sauce, boiled rice $38 with raisins, pilot bread, coffee, butler and milk - a good dinner followed by cigars and music. Our Eqingwah and Innahsok were at dinner of course and they and E- gingwah Badu and Alfredlungwah came too listen to the music. Rasmussen speaks highly of Peary's work in the Arctic and his influence over the Smith Sound Eskimos. He taught the people many use- ful things, gave them good fire arms and many utensils and started them on the road to pros- perity. R. says that no one famil- iar with conditions in the Far North would criticize Peary for his announcement of "Peary Chan- nel" and "Crocker Land".

3 August. Thursday. Cloudy. Many banks of heavy cloud. High E. wind continued till latter part of afternoon. Late afternoon became wholly overcast. Breezed up again in evening. Temp. 8a. 41°; 12m. 44°; 4p. 43°; 8p. 43° Ek & I slept in the house last night on ac- count of the gale. In morning Ek and I went over to upper part of sloping plain at base of cliffs N.E. of Peter's house, from where I took photos, both w. a. & 6½

The ice is coming out of the fjord (40 in a great stream which included much ice from the glaciers, but it is tearing off to the farther side of the Sound. Repairing roof continued this evening. 4 August. Friday. The wind, which moderated greatly yesterday afternoon, increased again during the evening and night- but Elc & I slept in the tent with- out untoward incident. To-day the sky has been overcast and the easterly wind has been strong (.4-5+6). Disagreeable. Wind was **8-9+ Betr 6+7 h.m. gusty. Temp. 8a.43°; 12m.43°; 4p.41°; 8h.42°. This morning two female Eider ducks followed by a& train of nine young all in close order swam past our windows, forming a pretty picture.

Captain Comer keeps on dig - (41) going away at his bank of debris, in spite of the disagreeable weather. The absence of direct sunlight too ham- pers him through consequent slow melting of the mass. End I run our coal to-day, and we must again attack Peter's little pile of poor coal tomorrow. When the "Ingerlis" gets back from Parker Cavey Islands she will, we hope, go over to Parker Snow Bay for some of the coal which I landed there for Peter. Interviewed Rasmussen again this afternoon regarding getting home and again I understand that we can depend upon the "Kaff York" if our own steamer does not come and upon the "Ingerlis", if neither our boat,

"nor the 'Rap York' comes, the (42) question whether the 'K.Y.' could take us and our goods as for as St. Johns or, if need be, Halifax must be left for de- cision until after the arrival of the vessel here. The 'Ingerlis' could take us alone as far as Egedesminde or Hol- stensborg, whence the 'Haus Egede' would take us on to Copenhagen. Rasmusen Peter & Koch came over after dinner. The gusty gale has driven hundreds or thousands of little auks (doveries) over into this bay this afternoon and evening. Too windy for our tent to-night. 5 August. Saturday. Overcast. Thick outside. S.E. gale severe (7-9) last night and continues this morning. Wind moderated for a time in afternoon and then shore for a few minutes then the stormy wind began again. Temp. 8a. 40°; 12m. 41°; 4p. 43°; 8 p. 41°

Last night Ek took his threatened bath and shave and this morning put on clean clothing, in anticipation tion of the arrival of our steamer, this being "his" day for her to come. He says that if she does not come to-day, no one can blame him hereafter, if he is not spruced up when she does come. He looks fine in new shirt and trousers of gray woolen and high field boots. 10.30 p.m. The ship has not come - Had long talk with Rasmussen this evening regarding possible use by us of "Kap York" or "Ingerli's". Of course our use of either will re- move it from his use, but he wishes to be of the utmost use to the Expedi tion and the Museum and will forego his convenience in the

matter, and will do so gladly, [44] without profit above expenses if he can regard the Expedition as a scientific enterprise without commercial bias, i.e., if we are not business competitors with him in this limited field. I as- sured him that it had not been the intention or desire of the Ex- pedition to establish a trading station up here to compete with him. 6 August. Sunday. Gale was at its height last night; but died down to S.E.2-3 by 8 a.m. Overcast, but sun broke through about 10:30 and day became pleas- ant though not clear. Wind of variable strength. Warm. Temp. 8a. 47½°; 12m. 52°; 4h. 53½°; 8h.

"Ingerlis" was brought around 145 into this bay this afternoon. Her new sheathing was partly torn off by the sea on the Cary Is. trip. 7 August. Monday. C.I. S2 at 8a. but becoming N.2 by 9a. and S again in afternoon. Beautiful day & cloudless evening. Temp, 8a. 44½°; 12m. 44½; 4p. 40°; 8p. 41° Roof actually finished this evening, aside from painting. Rasmussen and Peter plus several Eskimos went out Narwhal hunting. They took Dr. with them and I went around in the "In-gerlis" from Thule to the tupics at Uunarak. It was a pleasant sail under a cloudless sky, but rather cool. I saw the glint of the ice crystals forming close to the sun.

of the water. Left Thule at 9:50p. [46 and reached tupics 3/4 hrs later. The boat went up the fjord (Wester- holme Sound) 8 August. Tuesday. C.1 + calm at 8a, S.E.2 at 9a. N.2 at noon. Calm from mid afternoon on. Temp. 8a.44°; 12m. 42°; 4p. 42°; 8p. 44½° Dr. returned to house at 7 a.m. They saw no narwhal, but the Eski- mos got 5 furrese. Captain Comer moved over into one of the igloos Sunday night for sleeping quarters. Seems to be an invitation to his rheumatisms to return! He would in all probability be in- censed enough, had he been ask- ed to make the change, but it is his own plan!

"Directly after luncheon, Eck Dr & '47 I started for the top of Cinnabar Plate. Dr. turned back at the base of the vertical cliff of diabase, his rubber shoes being too large for him and wholly unsuitable for attempting the scramble up the 60-foot bluff. It was some climb for Eck and me, but our kamikos en- able us to gain and keep good footholds in the crevices between the rocks both ging up and coming down. The weather was perfect for the excursion. By my aneroid the base of the cliff was 600' A.J., top 660' A.J., highest part of plateau 710' A.J. In the western part of the plateau there is a small cairn. The western cliffs are vertical and present sheer bluffs that must be 100' high or more. We saw plenty of beryls and some pumice in

The near and far distance both [48] There seemed to be much open water. About 8 p.m. the "Ingerlis" started out toward Cape Atrol with Rosmun- den, Dr. Hunt and Eskimoos going after little auks (atle put h i ats), grass for karrites and wal- us. Peter and Koch came over here after the boat left. 9 August Wednesday. Cloudy. Thick fog from mid after- oon on. Wind, N 1-2 at 8a; S 1 at 10a. variable Chilly after the fog & came ice. Wind seem- ed to come more from W or W by N. and swing in around the Umakak so as to seem to come fr. S.W. Temp. 8a. 44°; 12 m. 41°; 4h. 39° Etc went to the top of the Umakaks again di- rectly after breakfast this morning and recovered my note book which had dropped.

from my pocket. Fortunate not to lose [49] it altogether. Wrote up yesterdays notes and cared for specimens. 10 August, Thursday. Clear in early morning but cloud, y at 8 o'clock and thick fog came in or settled down by 9:30 The fog lessened by 11 o'clock and dis- appeared after noon. Wind at 8a. S.W. 1-2 but N.E. 2 at noon and light variable after noon, Calm evening, Temp. 8a. 36½°; 12m. 34°; 4p. 37½°; 8p. 35°. Ice formed last night in hail beside house door. Autumn has begun in earnest. Ext Koch have gone up the fjord in canoe this evening - No ship yet!

11 August. Friday. 50 Overcast and calm at 8a. Began rowing lightly at 9a, but stopped before 11a. Cleared off beautifully betw. 2 & 3 p. m. Light puffs of wind occasionally in afternoon from S and S.W. Temp. 8a. 37 1/2; 12m. 38 1/2; 4p. 36 1/2; 8p. 35 1/2 My day on as cook. Out in canoe with Etk & Innahsok after water from brook. In early afternoon went over to tupies and photographed Dostenholme Sound to show thickness of assemblage of bogs and fragments and pans of ice. Splitting of bogs makes noise like rifle shot. Later went out in canoe with Etk & Innahsok, going across bay to cliffs on south side where we collected specimens of cal-cite and aragonite(?) seams from the shaley beds of the Huronian zone hundreds of feet below the diabase cap.

Captain Comer seems sore or (51 angry over something, but I cannot discover the cause. He is more tacit - turn to-day than he was even yesterday. He spends all the time away from the house that he possibly can find an excuse for, or without any excuse. He has taken books etc over to the igloo near the bank where he is dig- ing. Last evening he hurried through dinner and went upstairs. As soon as I had finished, I called to him to come down and have a

12 August. Saturday. Nearly cloudy all day. Few flakes of snow falling at 5 p.m. and later. Calm morning but chilly S.E. wind sprang up in latter part of afternoon and was blowing rather freshly (#3) at 6 p.m. Temp. 8a. 33°; 12m. 35°; 4p. 37°; 8p. 36½° Beautifully clear during most of night but dense fog came in in the early morning. Was very thick when "In- gerdis" came into Hendricks Harbor about 3 this morning. The hunt- ing trip was not highly successful, the party getting only one walrus, one mgsruk, several fuisse and some akpats. Erik netted 80 of the last. Our last nights high tide counted fragments of ice came into the head of the bay, lots of which were left along shore by the receding tide.

Some little bergs came in too (53 and grounded. This glacial ice makes the water question easy for us once more. Some of the ice is as clear as crystal and is evidently frozen fresh water, not consolidated snow. Yesterday Captain Corner unearthed near the base of his diggings a fragment of white agate. This is used by the women for cutting the navel cord of a new-born child. Quite a find. No agate occurs in this immediate vicinity, but I understand that it is found at McCormick Bay. I spent most of the morning at and near the diggings, and the Cap- tain was cheerful enough, though I still fear that something is on his mind.

13 August Sunday (54) High S.E. wind (6-8) all night and untill after 9 o'clock this morning. Then began to moderate somewhat. Thickly cloudy till after 10 a.m., but almost cloudless by 11 a.m. and day became beautiful. Very light N. wind about noon. Ice driven out from bay and clear all the way to Cape Athos. Temp. 8a. 38 1/2°; 12m. 41° Had a bad night in the tent on account of the wind. I got very little sleep, but Erik slept all right till about 5:15 this morning. Then wind was so strong that the tent began to tear and we let it down upon us. At 5:30 we got up, furled the tent and took our sleeping rigs into the house End of the tent, I presume.

Dr. had some kind of chill last night and is not feeling well to-day. Rasmussen was here for breakfast and we talked over details of "Ingerli's" trip to Etah which he and I are to begin on Tuesday noon, if the ship does not arrive before then. Meanwhile he is going to make a reconnoitering journey to some mountains on the ice cap southeast of here, whence he can get a view of Melville Bay and form some idea of conditions there. 14 August. Monday. C. Wind S.E. 3, increasing to 8±. Gusty all day. Seems stormy outside. 9a.-47½° Temp. 8a. 45½°; 12 m. 44½°; 4p. 50°; 8p. 46½° Rasmussen gave up his trip on to the ice cap, in account of the thick,

stormy weather and decided to (56 start "early" tomorrow morning for Etah, if storm should cease. I spent day getting ready for Etah by putting my belongings into shape for transportation if the ship should come in my absence. 15 August. Tuesday. Clear & almost cloudless. Calm. Temp. N.S.B. 8 a.: 46 1/2°; 12 m. 45 1/2°; 4 p. 42°; 8 p. 40 1/2° at 11:52 a.m. left on "Inger Lis" for Etah in company with Rasmussen, Peter, Comer & Hendrik. Returning, arrived Thule at 10 a.m. on the 20th. For diary see "Greenland Journal V" pp. 5-27. Mr. Rasmussen and his people rested all that day. Peter, who began to feel ill at Etah or the day before our arri- val there, was sick with the grippes.

and stood in his boats all [57] the way home. His temperature was 104° when Dr. H. examined him here. 21 August. Monday. A.M. slightly hazy. Calm. P.M. overcast, followed by rain in the evening. Temp. 8a. 37½°; 12m. 41°; 4p. 44°; 8p. 45½° This morning the bay was covered with a continuous layer of thin young ice which did not disappear till noon. Unloaded our oil and food from the "Finger Lis". Conferences with Mr. Rasmussen regarding our recent visit at Etah and the proposed motor boat trip to South Greenland. He evidently doubts MacMillan's veracity and regards the outlook for the latter as being very unfa- vourable on account of probable ice cu-

ditions in Melville Bay as indicated [58] by the conditions in this region and the long prevalence of southerly winds. In the many conferences with my own party constant differences of opinion arise as to plans for the outward journey on the "Inger Lis". Ekblaw wants a written promise from Cap- tain Corner that the boat will surely take a course close to shore all the way around the bay and Jot declares that he too will not go unless the Captain pro- mises to follow that route. When I, accordingly, tried to get from Captain Corner an exact statement of his plans, he said that, while he had no intention of going out to sea in the power boat, he would have to be left free to exer- cise his own judgment as to what was best to be done under the condi-

tions as they developed. He was (59 much incensed at the suggestion that he give a written promise to fol- low any particular route - 'a ship's captain was not going to be dictated to by a lot of landlubbers.' If the men did not have confidence in his judgment, put some one else in charge and he would go in private capacity? I did not sympathize with his unwillingness to give a written statement, but I was satisfied with his intention to follow the shore line route and I am continuing to making up arrangements for the use of the boat. - Mr. Rasmussen writes me that ice conditions are so bad that the "Inger Lil

siderably injured by the south - (60 ward journey and that therefore the mu eum must buy the boat, if I decide to go southward in her. Furthermore, Hendrik is not willing to go under the ice conditions now developing. I should be willing to buy the boat for the use of our party, if Hendrik would stick to his post - but not otherwise, I fear! 22 August. Tuesday. C 2 + low haze. Calm. Clear and calm in the evening, almost no clouds. Temp. 8a.44 1/2 o; 12 m.44 1/2 o; 4p.44 1/2; 8p.44 o Finished and delivered letter to Mr. Rasmussen, discussing foxskin question and finally offering him without recompense all the skins in possession of Expedition above fifty the lot collect.

ed for strictly scientific purposes (6) by Dr. Tanquary and fifty to be se- lected to show variations from the lot assembled by Mac Millan. Mr. Rasmussen tells me that Mac told Peter [when crossing Melville Bay in 1915] that the Expedition then had 350 skins in its possession and that Peter overhauled with Mac at Etah something like this number. What can R. therefore think of Mac's statement to us (R. & me) at Etah last Thursday that "there never had been more than 200 foxskins in the possession of the Expedition at one time"? I told R. that I guessed that Mac was bragging when he talked to Peter. Mr. Rasmussen says furthermore that he has heard that Mac told instructed job

to send all the foxskins to his (62) (Mac's) sister at Freeport, Maine. Unfortunately, Mac did this very thing, as I know now from having seen on Sunday last (the 20th) the letter of instructions dated 11 Feb., 1914, which Mac gave to Jot Small when the first start for Crocker Land was made in which he (Mac) wrote "the fox skins are all to go to Freeport", a direction which was not recalled or rescinded when the second start was made and Dr. Hunt was left in general charge of head- quarters. Mr. Rasmussen's claims, with apparent correctness, that this negatives Mac Millan's statement made to us on the 17th that the fox skins were collected for the

scientific purposes of the [63] Museum to illustrate varieties and Note. Mac's action regarding the disposition of the foxskins was a direct violation of his contract with the Museum, but he did not retract from his position with reference to the material, until some time after his return from Crocker Land, when the other members of the staff showed him the falsity of his atti- titude and its injustice to them. gladations between the blue & the white. - At about 3 o'clock this afternoon K. R. started in the "Ingerlis", taking his kamatik and dogs for a trip up onto the ice cap via Petowite Glacier to inspect or gain an idea of the condition of the ice. Eskblaw and Hunt went with him for the boattrip.

23 August. Wednesday. Overcast. Calm or S.W.1 at 8 o'clock and through morning, but sky cleared in afternoon and about 3 o'clock heavy S.E. wind (6-7) began to blow. K.P. returned this morning without having reached the glacier. He went to the top of the cliffs near Cape Bathol and concluded that ice conditions in Melville Bay were most probably very bad. So too most emphatically Ajatko ("Pingasut") and Egingwah bade, while Et felt much the same way though Dr (who had not gone up so high on the cliffs) thought differently. The souther- ly winds that have prevailed so long and heavily this summer and particu- larly during the past month have certainly packed the ice against the

shore of Melville Bay to such an (65) extent that the motor boat could not get through and the attempt would be fraught with undue danger, in the opinion of Mr. Rasmussen and the Estimos. This evening Mr. Koch brought over a letter in Danish in which Mr. Ras- mussen confirmed the foregoing re- port and stated that Hendrik refused to go south with us in the "Inger Lis" on account of ice con- ditions being so bad. This settles this matter for us, undoubtedly, since it would not be wise to buy the boat and take the trip on our own responsibility, with- out having Hendrik along to serve as engineer. Small has said that he would not undertake the

task of running the engine (66 alone, in view of his almost total unfamiliarity with it. Egingwah badu made a new kite stem for me out of a piece of walrus ivory. 24 August. Thursday. Overcast. High S.S. wind(7-8) continued all last night, to-day and until midnight. Temp. 8a. 42°; 12m. 44½°; 4p. 43°; 8p. 42° Peter is very ill with the grippe. At Etah he was miserable, the attack having begun apparently the day before our arrival, and he staid in his bunk all the way back to N.S.B. He has eaten practically nothing for a week and his temperature has been from 102 to 103.5 or 104/ the whole time. Seven of the Eskimos and Jot Small went across the fjord on

Tuesday morning in the "Inger Lis" (67 to hunt narwhals and seals, ex- pecting to return to-day, but the wind is too high to make it advisable for the motorboat to go after them. 25 August. Friday. Morning wholly overcast. Light (1-2) S.W. wind. Fine afternoon and evening, though somewhat hazy. Very light N. wind (1) at 11 p.m. Temp. 8a. 35°; 12 m. 36½°; 4p. ?; 11p. 35° Jot came back from right by canoe this a.m. Out all afternoon and until late this evening with K.R., Ek and Estenios, visiting hunting camp on north side of fjord and taking Lange Koch to +an Esk. boy the head of the fjord. We left him at a fine old igloo there on a low point of Archean gneiss. He is going to stay several days making map and

studying geology of the district. (68) Then we returned to the hunting camp loaded up with meat and three kay- acks and came home. The party was very successful, the first day getting five narwhal, 21 bruise and one rgsuk. Egingwahsuch got six more bruise to-day. We all are on Easy Street again and there are fifteen caches of meat left at the camp site. I was interested in seeing the camp and the way the natives dispose of the catch. There is much good natured play a- among both men and women, sep. arately and together. Egingwah badu, who came across to camp to- day in his kyack, is a great joker. He remarked to the crowd on the boat, he being alongside in his kayack,

that he liked to joke with me but '69 that he hoped to ask me for any tobacco. Just then, without knowing what he had said, I gave him what I had left in a package and a great laugh went up, which I did not under- stand till K. R. explained. Then Egingrah said that I was an angiskot, and had read his thoughts. My name here is Doctor Savitsuah - or big iron material from which knives are made. They don't make the "h" sound so Storey becomes Savi = Savik and its"sual" is a token of respect. Eg. Eksuah, Doc- torsuah (for Dr. Hunt), Cornisuah for Captain Corner - but "corni" is "couse", hence he is the big couse. Bergs were frequently cracking with great noise. On our way back

I saw a small one break in two (20 through pressure from below - flotation. We could not come into North 26 August. Saturday. Star Bay on account of pan ice that had drifted in between the Unanak and Petowik during our absence, and we had to put back to Hendrik's Harbor near the tupics. 26 August. Saturday. Temp: 8 a. 36 1/2°; 12 m. 41°; 4 p. 38 1/2°; 8 p. 39°. Clear morning, with light low haze in distance. Calm all day. Sky over- cast in afternoon and evening, Bay covered with young ice in the morning, which persisted all day, but melted away in the cloudy evening. Pack ice in outer bay, which moved in considerably in afternoon.

Devoted morning, 9 to 12, 5/71 conference with Ekblaw, Hunt, Small and Comer regarding prospects and plans, two letters from K. R. having been received about 9 o'clock. We decided that, in view of Mr. Rasmussen's advice and Hendrik's refusal to act as engineer, it was not wise to borrow or buy the "Inger Lis" and start for Upernavik. Small said that he would not undertake the responsibil- ity of the engine under such conditions. I stated that Dr. Hunt had been of- fere[d] an opportunity to go south- ward on the "Cluett" this season which had accepted at first and then de- clined, but that Ekblaw had not had this chance. Small said that Mac Millan had not given him

the opportunity, but that he did not expect it, because last September he had agreed to stay north another year. I said that the Museum was under obligation to furnish Ekblaw with transportation southward this winter, by reason of promises made to him last fall when he relinquished his right to go southward in the party that I was then organizing. I then stated that the Museum would provide means for Ekblaw, Small and Hunt or for Ekblaw and Hunt to go out by sledge during the coming winter, in case no ship comes the present season. This afternoon Jot told me that he would stay at Etah with me this winter, if I wanted him to do so.

I am to refrain from making any arrangements for going out this winter, even if I decide to make the trip, until after arrangements have been concluded for the other men. This afternoon Job started up the fjord in his canoe with our Egingiak in his kayak on a hunting trip. Rasmussen very anxious about Peter. 27 August. Sunday. Temp. 8a. 44½°; 12m. 38½°; 4p. 41½° Morning overcast. Sun broke through clouds for a few minutes at midday. Flat calm continues. Not much young ice in bay, but considerable from ice there and outside. Peter seems a little better, retains a very little nourishment. Temperature

however 102-103° and yesterday (74 the doctor (Hunt) stated that he had some inflammation of the lungs, en- docarditis and distinct heart murmur, but these factors are no worse to-day. 28 August. Monday. Temp. 8a. 36½°; 12m. 41°; 4p. 4¼° Cloudy morning but sun came out about noon. Calm here, but apparently the nor- therly wind still holds outside. Wrote letter to Ekblaw authorizing him to begin preparations, subject to my approval, for his going out by sledge next winter in case of non arrival of ship this season; also one to Dr. Hunt offering him the opportunity of going out try sledge with EK & under his care and orders. Lovely day and open ice for the

ship to come in - but she does (25- not appear! Left about 4:40 p.m. on "Inger Lis" with K.R., Hendriks, Ajako (Pmagasut) and Bozeman for Saunders Island for pear and to hunt walrus between there and Dalgrymple Rock. Full notes are in pocket notebook for next two days. Beautiful weather. Cloudless or nearly so, and calm or light variable winds from west & north. Spent first night in "Kend's Harbor" at west (or northwest) corner of Saunders Island, close to the wonderful bird cliffs which still are densely populated with muses, females and young. The males have gone south. Many herring gulls and a few burquastes. Wednesday morning we motored out through open ice to Eider Duck

and spent about seven hours (76 there in lovely warm sunshine looking for walrus and waiting for tide to open ice up again. Wilder- ess of densely packed ice outside Cape Ethol, Wostenholme Island and Daleymple Rock as far as we can see, 60ft up on Saunders Is. and top of Eider Duck Is., wh. is about 60 ft above the sea. Lots of duck nests. Many females and young flying and swimming about. Agako and Bore- man started out about 4 p. m. after a walrus and an hour later K.R. christened our cori "Dr. Horay's Harbor"; we started after them. Could not find them and finally, after two hours search, tied up behind Daleym- crowding ple Rock. Driven out by the ice about 10:15. Succeeded in working way be- tween cases, going toward Eider Duck,

Island and then toward Wosten - (7 home. K.R. + Hendrick evidently were worried about the two boys, while I with less knowledge of condition was extremely anxious. About 1a. m. of Wednesday we had worked our way through to clearer water near Saunders Island and K.R. roused me from my bunk with news that the kayaks were coming toward us. All were greatly relieved. Walrus had led them a long chase, but they finally killed him and moored him to a berg. Taking on the boys and getting the walrus, wh. was 2 mi + N. we went to Krend's Harbor, beached the can- cass, boiled some of his heart had luncheon and turned in. Spent day at Krend's Har

too. Cut up walrus, wh. was 10 1/2 ft (25 from tip to tip), loaded meat into long- boat and started for Unnanak about 6:30 p.m. Lovely day and beautiful calm evening. Reached Tupos at Unnanak through much young ice last of way, about 11:10. Found Ahrquodabluk's wife there. She and the old man had arrived via ice cap from Cape York Tuesday morning. He was now up the fjord here hunting with Ek, Dr and Egingwak back. Melville Bay jammed full of ice and shores impossible for any kind of boat. Rasmussen was correct in his diagnosis from Cape Attu! Question now is, when can the ship course? Rasmussen is hopeful, though getting dubious.

31 August. Thursday. Temp. 8a. 35 1/2°; 12m. 3 7/8°; 4p. 34°; 8p. 30 1/2° Clear, cloudless, calm. Occasional N.W. wind, as at noon. Et & Dr., who went up the fjord with Chngnodablaho yesterday afternoon, returned about 3 p.m. Koch also came back, having a fine time, ge- ologizing and mapping. Saw the Moltke glacier calve five bergs, all of which separated from top down- ward. Et & Dr helped on two saw-hal. Jo came back Tuesday, having got- ten five furisse. Evening. Mr. Rasmussen is discouraged now over ice conditions and the great thickening amount of young ice forming in this calm spell. Dubious about 'Kap York'. Thinks we had better go to Etah earlier,

say 4th or 5th, leaving orders for 'Kap York' to follow. Promises that 'Kap York' shall go to Etah, no matter when she comes, if at all practicable. 1 September. Friday. Temp. 8a. 29½°; 12m. 30°; 4p. 29½°; 8p. 30° Overcast with fog wh. hangs about 200 - thick feet above the sea. Calm. The young ice is about 3/4

2 September Saturday (81 Temp. 8a. 34°; 12 m. 34°; 4h. 34°; 8h. 31° Overcast. Calm. About 9 o'clock fog settled down on the cape region. This morning in the course of general con- versation Jot said that Mene said that there were nine boxes of foxskins left in Jot's care when Mac started for Crookedland i.e. Mene counted them then and re- ported to Jot. Dr. remarked that Tongwi said that he (Tongwi) had let Mac have his foxskins this spring (1916), i.e. Peter reported that Tongwi owed the station furs & and did not pay them because they had been sold to Mene - Noon- a little spitting snow. Clearer later but still wholly overcast. Told Mr. Rasmussen this afternoon, that I did not wish to charge him

anything for the gasoline that he '82 might take. He refused that he did not wish to take it for nothing. Ajako (Pinguat) has begun digging out a place in which to build his igloo. Hard work in the frozen ground. Beside him, Erik, Egignuk bodru and Inutitok (Harrigan) are to live in the igloos near where Captain Cane has been digging and Ajolosoluk's igloo is a little further east. I un- derstand that Egignuk suah is to live at the station (

if the floe is whitened this evening. (83 It has been a dull, dull day and we feel correspondingly blue, though Cap- tain Comer keeps a stiff upper lip and says "Don't give up the ship" + "she 'll be here before long - just a few days now" He thinks that the "Civett" is out all right, but Rasmussen and Koch, who was here at dinner (6 p.m.), think that she is in the ice and are thankful that I am not on her. So too am I, if this surmise is correct. Peter has developed a little fluency. 4 September, Monday, Temp. 8a.m. 33°; 12m. 34°; 4p. 28½°; 8p. 25° Overcast, but clearing toward noon. Calm Sun breaking through clouds between 12 & 2 p.m., but fog came in thickly about 3 o'clock. Very light southerly wind about 4 o'clock.

Peter is better again to-day. Saw (84) him for a while this afternoon; looks better and more like himself than at any time since 17 August at Etah. This about 8 p.m. afternoon I got 500 Kroner from Mr. Rasmussen for possible use at Etah this winter if we stay. About 8 p.m. the motorboat came in from Near Saunders Is with injured propeller. Does not look as if we should get away tomorrow for Etah. The hunters got one wal- us only, but a big one. 5 September Tuesday Temp. 8a. 25½°; 12m. 29½°; 4h. 29½°; 8h. Clear, cloudless, calm - Beautiful day. Engine repaired this morning with Jot's help and boat went up fjord on trial trip this afternoon.

Started off all night. We are (85 now to start at 6 a.m. tomorrow. Seals on new ice in North Star Bay. 6 September, Wednesday. clear, cloudless, calm. Temp. 8 a. 30° Loaded most of baggage last night, send- ing it over by Kanetike from the house to the points beyond the tupics, where the

with Egingwah and Inuaksso. (86 Day was beautiful and we encoun- tered no obstructing ice. Plenty of bergs but well spread apart. At about 5 p.m. we were off Cape Parry and at 7:50 p.m. we reached Neki- livit, where we left Egingwah and took on Tolutinguwah as fog pilot. Fine snow had been falling during latter part of afternoon and the hill- sides were already whitened. Went ashore and visited with Kolu- tingwah's family. His wife Tung- wi (same name as that of the man at U- lugset), called Tungwingwah by Parry, is a fine looking motherly woman. Her daughter Alnaduah is Kudlukto's wife. Two white whales swam along the shore passing close to the boat, while we were on shore. Left topics at 8:30

but did not get under way until (87 9:20 on account of having to fix engine. About three hours later we called at Ulugser, but I was asleep and did not know it. 7 September. Thursday. Thick. Snowing. Calm or nearly so. 6a. Off Verkne; 7:30 off Peteravik; 9:15 Sarfalix (Siluadi); 11:25 Cape Alexander, 1:45 Etah, and dropped anchor in front of house. We picked up at Wrieless Island several Eskimos, who were out there caching Expedition walrus skins. Mac did not seem much surprised to see us. Said that the prevalence of the south wind through out August made him feel sure that we could not go out in the "Duger Ris" and that a relief ship would be very late,

Etah (88) if one came at all. Landed our stuff at once and at high tide "Inger Pis" was run over to a place on the beach where she could be sheathed at low tide. Mac gave me my choice of rooms aside from his - Jot has been in the other front room for three years and has fixed up workbench etc, hence I did not want to disturb him. Et's room faces southeast and is lights and sunny now, but is cold and windy. By Et's advice as well as Mac's I took Dr. Hunt's old room in the northwest corner, as being much the warmest sleeping room in the house. Mi-mi has been living in it, but she is clean and she moved out to a topic during the day. Went over foxskin matter again and Mac finally admitted that the first skins which he got were not obtained for "specimens", not being able to deny that he had left mi- structions with Jot, when he left for Crocker Land in February, 1914, to send them to Freeport. I called Mac's attention to the fact that he had the written instructions applied to all the foxskins. He said that later he realized that this position was untenable, although he had traded for them with his own material [the boys however say that he used expedition stuff too] and that there were not more than 30 or 40 skins then anyhow [this does not seem to agree with Allen's statements of greater num- ber, and he sealed up the boxes]. I wanted to go through the boxes to-day or tomorrow and select the fifty skins that I have proposed to keep for the museum and then turn the remainder over to Mr. Rasmussen, but Mac refuses to have anything more to do with foxskins, saying that he has done his level best to get together a fine series of them and now I am upsetting the whole business [See pp. 60-63 of this book]

I do not feel competent to overhaul (89 the skins myself and select the five that are to represent the gradations of pelage from blue to white, a feeling that is intensified by to-day's poor lights and the number of people about making our quarters very contracted. Mac says that he is going to turn the foxskins all over to me and have nothing more to do with them. Mac, Ek and I talked over the ques- tion of sending Dr. Hunt out alone this winter, if Ek does not go. Mac strongly recommends his going if I do not need him. I said that I felt that I had no claim upon him, inasmuch as I had left the "Cluett" contrary to his advice. Jot does not want him here and Ek says that he would not wish him to stay on his account. I decided therefore to authorize the expenditure of the money needed. 8 September. Friday. Nox 30, 2° Temp. min 21.5°; 8a. 25°; 12m. 27°; 4p. 30°; 8p. 28°, 12, 27.5° Clear, cloudless a.m. N. 1-2. Cloudy by noon. Jot, Hendrik, Tobias & Kolentinguth began sheath- ing "Ingenlis" last night and finished on to-day's low tide by mid afternoon. Talked further with Rasmussen about foxskins reiterating my position of yesterday and before that I did not like to select skins myself and therefore wished to have zoologist at Copenhagen or New York Museum pick out the series remainder to go to Rasmussen. He seem- ed to appreciate my position in the matter and to reasonably satisfied with my decision,

my correspondence with K. R. at Thule (90 gives the details of the understanding regarding the fox skins. This afternoon Mr. Rasmmussen and I had a talk in Mayak's topic in which it was amicably agreed upon that he had no objection to my securing this coming year such foxskins as the Expedition needs for the kahpetaks still to be made and as may be desired for Museum spea- mens. Any surplus (to be decided upon at the Museum) is to go to Mr. Rasmussen on his own terms; like those now here. At a conference in the afternoon between Mac, Jot and myself, Jot finally agreed to stay north the coming year, if no ship comes, on the old contract that he is to be free to go away, hunting etc., occasionally as he may desire. ("Wherever you like", in Mac's words). But he is to cook not less than one-half the time. Jot said that he would not trust Mac under the old contract but that he would trust and take orders from me. I said of course that such an arrangement would not work, since there could not be two bosses in the house. On account of the expense and our (only) needing him here, I did not wish to send him out by sledge and steamer via South Greenland and Denmark. Etc had gotten together what he needed for going south; K. R. received some tobacco and three of the larger boxes of dog biscuit here, and at about 8 "Inger Lis" started from in front of a house where we filled the boats tanks with 80 gallons of kerosene to replace oil consumed on up-ward trip, gave K. R. 120 gal. kerosene on account ($9.60) and 5 gal alcohol ($7.50) and 2 1/2 Kg Tobacco, the last to be replaced on his return from Tasiunasak this fall - gave

"Kolutingwah, a 5 gal. can of kerosene in payment for kamiks & services. We waved [illegible] good bye to the party about 9 o'clock and return- ed to the house. At 11 o'clock she was off the house again, having come back for Eli's rifle, which he had forgotten. One of the boys took it out to the "Ingerlis" in his kayak and she was off again, without having stopped her en- gine. Cope Alexander had its wind cap on but the motor boat went away bravely - 9 September. Saturday. max 30.2° Temp. min 24.5; 8a. 28°; 12m. 26°; 4h. 28°; 8h. 28°; 12, 23° Overcast. Light to moderate N.E. wind. Mac turned over to me boxes No. 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 157 and 158, said by him to contain all the foxskins under his con- trol as leader of the C.L.E. and I gave him a receipt for them. "Mac wants me to write up the "Cleet" relief voyage for insertion in his book. The proposition looks good to me, especi- ally as he would not consider it fair by him for me to publish such an account separately. I presume that he is right too, though I felt somewhat differently last fall. 10 September. Sunday. max 26° 13, 21° Temp. min 24°; 8a. 24°; 12m. 25°; 4h. 25°; 8h. 23° Overcast. N.E. 3-4. Cleared somewhat about 5 p.m. This afternoon the Estineos, all the men and some of the women started off up the fjord to hunt caribou. Mac Mullan says that he has no ob- jection to my lecturing about the Arctic and my Arctic experiences Weight, 184 1/2 lbs., in seal skin suit.

11 September. Monday, max 24.3° min 15.8° (92 Temp. min [illegible]; 8a. 20½°; 12m. 24½°; 4p. 22°; 8p. 17°; 12, 17.5 C1. Clear. Wind N.E. 3-4 in morning Cloudless afternoon with wind N1-2. Paritka brought down a small dead pod of squid family which Accomodatingph had gotten on his way up the fjord. Body is well rounded posteriorly and lateral fins are only in middle portion of body. alcohol. Mac yielded to my persistence and took Ets boxes away from the coal. He has provided me with an oil heater for use in my room. 12 September. Tuesday, max 21½° min 14° 12, 19.5 Temp. min [illegible]; 8a. 18½°; 12m. 20°; 4p. 18½°; 8p. 17½° Cloudless and clear morning with N. 2. wind 4-6. Wind fully 7 at noon and continued variably strong all afternoon. Clouded over about noon - Lots of wind prevails here as Etah - "Cluett" rounded Cape Athol a year ago to-day. Where is this year's relief ship? Full moon last night and tide was very high. It left a streak of ice along the maximum height, forming the beginning of the ice foot. 13 September. Wednesday - max 25° min 16.5° Temp. min 76°; 8a 22°; 12m 23½°; 4p. 23°; 8, 24°; 12, 24.8° Thick. Snow storm with strong (5-6) N. E. wind raged all day, ceasing but not clear- ing in early evening Last nights high tide washed out some of the crib of the motor boat and Mac & q.s. went over this morning and fixed it up, making her safe for the winter appar- ently. About noon (high tide) they weh

our with the dory and beached that above (93 the motorboat, turning it bottom up and securing it for the winter. 14 September. Thursday. max 31°; min 19.9° Temp. min 22°; 8a. 26½°; 12 m. 28½°; 4p. 30½°; 8 p. 37½°; 21.8° Overcast a.m. N. 2-3; noon S.W. 2; 4p. after N.E. 2. Sunshine afternoon till about 6 o'clock. Snowed considerably during the night & the land scape is wintry to-day. Mac went out in his kayak and got eleven ducks beyond Provision Point. Job went out in his and get a seal. The start up the glacier was made by the Eskimos today and I heard the dogs howl - Long distance all night. Mac, Capt- tain Corne, and I had quite a talk via "Cluett" Matters. Mac reports that Ed stated that Captain Pickels said that I was the one who stopped the schooner at North Star Bay last fall, whereas the understanding then I left on the "map his" letter was that the "Cluett" was to follow the motor boat if he came and I left with him a line drawn a chart drawn by Captain Pickels under Peter's direction showing the route that the motor boat would follow to Etah and back. 15 September. Friday. max 23°; min 16.5° Temp. min 16½°; 8a. 21°; 12 m. 23°; 4p. 20°; 8 p. 20°; 20.8° E.S.E. Wind N. 2-3 all day. Less cloudy in afternoon and more or less sunshine. Second birthday in Etah! I surely thought that I should be at home by this time. No ship has come yet and I wonder where the "Cluett" is. For the sake of the crew, it is to be hoped that she is out of the ice by this time. The day has been signalized by Mac's giving

me the silk flag which E.L.H. in '94 trusted to him and which he took with him to "Crocker Land" and Finlay Land, a total of not less than 3000 miles of sledging. Mac did not think of the anniversary when he handed me the flag, but I could not have re- ceived anything to-day as a gift that would have pleased me more. I told him so later, when it occurred to him that this was my birthday. Have been collecting Ctenophores today and have gotten at least six forms, all beautiful. Am trying to preserve them but without good success yet. Alcoholine is of no good. Picric acid shrinks them up too much in strengths used to-day. The Eskimos call them itpiasuk meaning "bag". Also got a lot of the little pteropod(?) called the awk or walrus in account of its appearance. There seems to be much Plankton in the bay. Worey! All the tupics came down today and the Eskimos now have moved into their igloos. Parikpa has built an igloo from the smaller dog biscuit boxes about 50 yards east of the house, while Atkua- tiashaq has the big stone igloo close to the house on the west. Jot, Parikpa and Oodie went up to Littleton Island and vicinity today on a hunting trip, the first two in their kayaks and the last in the "flatty". Kahda and Megipsu were keen assist- ants to me to-day. When they saw what I was after they went along the bank and their sharp little eyes would descrie the jelly fish before my slower vision could got to work. Megipsu brought me several in her hands, carrying them very carefully.

16 September - Saturday . Max 26.7° (95°) Min 19.6° Temp. min 20°; 8a. 24°; 12m. 25°; 4p. 25°; 8p. 23°; 23°. Overcast or cloudy all day. Moderate northly breeze in the morning. Calm afternoon. Captain finished fixing up windows and all double windows are in place except those in main room, which will not be put on till the weather is much colder because they reduce the light considerably, and we need all the light that we can get. Mac went up the fjord in his kayak and visited Lake to take soundings but the ice there was too thin to support him and he could not make them. WiWi is doing our cooking, in Jots absence. Put some of my stenophores into 10% formalin solution to-day. 17 September Sunday, Max 24°; min 16.9° Temp. min 19°; 8a. 22°; 12m. 23½°; 4p. 21°; 8p. 18°; 12h 16.9 Cloudy morning but clearing toward noon. Cloudless afternoon. Moderate N², wind in morning increasing to strong breeze (5-6) by noon and after. Beautiful day though the wind is keen. Went up gorge where Captain Comer gets our water and walked along hill - Etah is a bad place for land walking. Chringka took her trypic down today. Mac says that many of the Estreinos consider her to be the handsomest woman of the tribe. He thinks that Ivahch takes the prize, while I think that Almadrush is the best looking of those whom I have seen. Wi-Wi finished papering the upper part of my room with newspapers, making it dark and more cheerful. She cut the captain's hair to-day, giving him a regular frise fighter's clip, though somewhat ridged.

18 September, Monday. 12, 19° [illegible] 96 Temp. 8a. 17°; 12m. 16½°; 4p. 18½°; 8p. 18° max. 20° Here begin true minimums for the calendar day. But began Nearly cloudless in morning, but began to cloud up soon after noon and by 4 p.m. was mostly overcast. Snowing at 8p. Strong East wind (6) at 8 a.m. N.E. 4 at noon and N. 2 at 6 p. and later. Tried to get more Bervè' s but saw only 2 . They were fairly large but one was in bad condition and I had to throw it away. Real ice-foot began to form last night, Ice first incrusts the stones and bottom in upper part of tidal zone and then grows seaward & downward until its thickness is nearly equal to the average range of the tide. Climbed up nearly to top of Thermometer Hill (1200 ft.) About 700 ft. above the sea - the Gneiss gives place to Sandstone and quartzite. Many ripple marked layers in the SS. Above Provision Point there is a consid- erable area of the Gneiss which is well smoothed, grooved and striated by old glacial action, -- its first good example of this work that I have seen. From the high land I could see much floe ice northwestward toward Pin Island but there is none to the West, SW & S and not many bergs. There is nothing up this way yet to hinder the coming and going of a vessel. about 6 p.m. got Danika and Oodie came in from their hunting trip. They saw very few ducks, a few haws and no caribou. Lots of walrus from Sunrise Point north- ward. Snowing thickly about 8 o'clock if this keeps up so much slush will form that the food will freeze over.

19 September, Tuesday Temp. 8a. 14°; 12m. 20°; 4p. 20°; 8p. 19°; 12mid. 19° Min 12½° Cloudless. N.E. wind 2-3. Cloudy p.m. Max 20.6° About 2" light feathery snow fell last night. Narrow band of pan ice has drifted down across entrance to fjord and southern side of fjord is skimmed over with ice this morning. Collected a few more stenophores in the freezing water. They are scarce now. Captain has been putting some more boxboard sheathing on the wall of the shed. This evening the fjord and bay are nearly covered with thin film of young ice. 20 September. Wednesday. Max 20.2° Temp. 8a. 16½°; 12m. 20°; 4p. 19° & p. 18° 12mid. 19° Min 16° Some high stratus clouds in morning followed by cloudless afternoon. Wind strong (5-6) from N.E. most of day. Fjord and bay are nearly clear of ice and it is almost gone from outside. The way in is clear, but no ship comes. It has been a beautiful day aside from the wind. Smooths of snow is driving off from the ice cap. Captain closed opening in shed roof in front of door except for small lookout hole. I am discussing with Mac the feasibility erect- ing the seismograph. We are going to try to set it up in the meat room at the corner of the house. Clock ran for all of first year or those tho' Fitz said it was no good and that I knew it was no good when I sent it up. Ab- surd! The clock was in perfect order when it left the Museum. Fitz simply "lay down" on his job. Probably did not know how to set up the seismograph.

21 September, Thursday. Temp. 8a. 18°; 12m. 19°; 4p. 19°; 8p. 17½°; mid. 17°; min. 17° Cloudy E.3. Noon N.2.4. 8p. N.3. max 18.9° Little granular snow at 8a. Light feathery snow ca. 6p. & thickest in the south. Took clock down. Cleaned escapement & moved electric contacts out of way & oiled it. Started clock going at 10:55 a.m. Worked some this afternoon on "Cluett" article. Walked out from 4:30 to 6 p. going about a mile up fjord along trail on steep southern shore. Much ice smoothed pink meiss half mile from house. 22 September, Friday, max 21.5° Temp. 8a. 18½°; 12m. 20½°; 4p. 19°; 8p. 16½°; mid 16°; min 16° C, E.3; C, N. E.4; C, N. 4; C, N. 4; Snow N. E.4. Captain made me a nice lamp shade out of wire and a piece of red window shade; also one for a dining room lamp. He is going to make two more at least. Went up the fjord in the "featty" with Mac. Wind was blowing out the fjord quite a breeze and it was hard work for me to row against it. I found it so cold that I got him to put me ashore about 2½ miles from the house and I came back along the trail on the steep north shore. Rather hard climbing sometimes over the rocks and icy grass slopes. In several places the talus slope is literally whitewashed with bird lince from the alk puffs, and there must be even more of the birds here in season than at Parker Snow Bay. Met several of the Eskimos on the slopes. Little Megipso was stamping two foos and Anakuk had Ahningat's baby in her

hood. Six foxes were brought in today and Oodie got four Laps. Mae reported (99 about six inches thickness of ice on the lake at the foot of the glacier. He got a depth of 82 1/2 feet in the middle of the lake. Kahdah and Megipsie came into my room this evening and were interested in watching my game of solitaire. They are nice interesting children and I wish that I could talk with them. 23 September. Saturday. Temp. 8a. 15°; 12m. 18 1/2°; 4p. 17°; 8p. 13 1/2°; 12h. 13° max 18.6° C, N. 3; C, N. 4; B, N. 5; B, N. 5; B, N. E. 5 min 12° This morning went over to gneiss ledges above Provision Point and a mile or more beyond, photographing the effects of glacial action. Another beautiful day, aside from the wind, which was much stronger and icier out there than at the house. Play had his house at Pro- vision Point and found the wind extre- my trying. It is much colder there than where the C.L.E. house stands. 24 September. Sunday max 15.1° Temp. 8a. 11.8°; 12m. 13.3°; 4p. 14.8°; 8p. 15.10°; 12h. 17.8° min 11° C N E. 5; C N. 5; O, N. 5; O, N. 5; S. N. E. 5 The fjord will surely freeze over when this wind dies down, though everything is clear now. This evening read Schley's accounts of the res- cue of the survivors of the Greeley expedition - a thrilling chapter to one knowing something of conditions up here. Accomplished 22 June, 1884, very early in the season but not a day too soon for the men would probably have all been dead in another 48 hours. Oodie, Kahda and Megipsie made pretty group, gathered around lamp on floor, looking at pictures. How much do they comprehend.

Paritka came in bringing the body of a hare for trade and Mac has been using him in work at Eskimo vocabulary. The smiling, pleasant old man is a welcome visitor but we are not in need of fresh meat just now though we have to buy in order not to discourage the bringing in of the stuff. 25 September. Monday. 8a. 20.6°; 12m. 21.5°; 4p. 22°; 8p. 24°; 12p. 26°, min 17.1° O, N. 2.3; O, N. 2.2; S, N. 3; S, N. 3; O, O max 26° This morning went to cairn on top of the Monet's Hill with Mac to see thermometers which he put there a week ago. min. 8.9° Max 34°. His aneroid read 1000 feet; mine 1025 ft. Open water west and south, but outlook was stormy. Moderate breeze blowing out of Foreke Fjord, but flat calm beyond the islands in bay where Hayes winter- ed in 1860-61. Top of hill is formed of old diabase cap 30-40 ft thick, a sill now lying on quartzite of Huronian age. Noted excel- lent solution forms of gravel and boulders. Collected some specimens, see Geol. Note Bk. No. 2. Flock of ducks came into our camp this evening and Paritka got one. Put box 78 out with other foxskin boxes. 26 September. Tuesday. 8a. 29.2°; 12m. 28.5°; 4p. 28.0°; 8p. 28°; 12p. 27.9° max 30° C, S. W. 3-4; C, S. 4; C, S. 4; O, S. 5; 12p. S. 5.4 min 28.4° Rather stormy, disagreeable day, looking very bad out in the Sound. The southerly wind has driven a small amount of ice including some little bergs. If the latter stay here our water problem will be well solved and just in time too, for to-day Captain Cover scooped up the last of the water in the hollow in the rocks of the gorge

where he has been getting on (1/01 water ever since we three came up from Umanak. This morning Mac fitted shelves into the space formerly occupied by the clock in the general room. This evening we had a great discussion over the question the world is growing better or worse. Joe thinks it stationary. He also thinks that we should be miserable, discon- tented and unhappy, if we were to do only the things that are good for us and were not to yield to gratification of our mo- mentary desires and appetites. Present enjoyment offsets future suffering, the latter being more or less prob - lematical. 27 September. Wednesday 8a, 26o; 12m, 27o; 4h, 26.2o; 8h, 26.6o; 12h, 27 max 28o min 24.5o Overcast with light (2) N.E. wind all day aftl E at 8a. Good day for hunting and Mac, Joe, Parvickn and Oddie went out; the first up to Littleton Island in the flatty, the others in the fjord in their kayaks. Mac brought back a good bag - a 16 didn ducks and three sea pigens together with a box of duck eggs from the a cache at the island. Joe got a small seal and Oddie a large one. Wilma made up a pillow for me today from the eider duck feathers that she has been saving for the purpose. Oddie is 16 years old. Joe argues that everything has life and that the universe has always existed and always will exist, i.e. had no beginning and will have no end. 28 September. Thursday. 8a, 28.5o; 12m, 27.9o; 4h, 27o; 8h, 27o; 12h, 27o; min 26.1o S, N, E, 2; S, S, N, 1; S, O; S, O; S, O. max 29o Another good day for hunting though snow is somewhat disagreeable. Joe got two seals, Oddie one

Captain succeeded in dipping up (20 another supply (14-15 gals) of water from the hollow in the gorge. He and Mac cleaned the iron tank, with Wi-Wi's help, and brought it in and set it in its place for the winter, at the end of the store; filled it with hard ice blocks from the beach. They also moved two masses of fresh water ice to the shore, hoping to keep them for the winter. Worked on "Cluett" article. 29 September. Friday. 8a, 28.2°; 12m. 29.2°; 4p. 31°; 8p. 27°; 12n. 26.5°; min 2.5°; max 32° 0,0; O,W2; C,N.E.3; B,0; O,O. Mac, Jot, Panickpa and Oodie went out walrus hunting with success except that Mac got a few ducks. Kahda and I went up the fjord in the flatby hunting seals, but saw none. Lots of Berce and Callia- nina in the water, some of the former being as large as any that I have seen here. Kahda is an interesting little companion. We had scrambled eggs for supper. 30 September Saturday. 8a, 28.7°; 12m. 28.8°; 4p. 29.4°; 8p. 41.2°; 12n. 38°; min 26.5° max 43° C, S1; C,O; C,E1; O,N.E.3; O,N.E.4. Kahda went out with me again in the flatby. We went half way (2 mi) to [illegible] Sun- rise Point, following the other men, who were walrus hunting in their kayaks. We did not go quite far enough to see any walrus, since I turned back to escape the wind which I thought was coming, too! It did not come. They saw walrus but got none. When returning Mac saw one at or within the entrance to the fjord. Jot, Pa- nickpa and Oodie each got a seal. We have five now, which pleases us - Captain Conner stenciled and stamped some October calendars for us today.

1 October. Sunday. (103 8a.,29,8°;12m.33°;4h.33°;5p.32,8°;12h.28,5°. max 43 S,S.1;C,S.6;O,S.5;O,S.3;S,O. Jot was going out this morning after seals but quit it up when he saw how suddenly the barometer had dropped this morning and within an hour a heavy south wind struck us and white caps were running in our wake. We all have stayed in today. I need- ed rest after my two days rowing. Ahuingak made an anorak for me from some fine khaki that Mac had. Kahda learned to write his name today and he made some drawings for me of a man in a kayak harpooning a walrus and of two lemmatics chasing a polar bear and her cub. He is a bright boy. 2 October. Monday. 8a,29°;12m.30°;4h.26,8°;5p.28°. 12h,27°;min 25,8°,max 30 C,S.E.2;C,S.1;S,O;S,S.E.2;S,S.3. Climbed thermometer still and got readings of max 40.6°,min 21.3° for past week. Thin film of ice over the exposed rocks of the slopes, due to the alternate freezing and thawing of the past week, made rather hard walking. Saw some tracks of hares, but no hares. Oddie killed a large bull walrus in entrance to harbor. Mac and Jot were on hand and Captain Comer went out in the flats and helped tow in the carcass to shore; but when it came to dividing up the meat, Oddie and his friends got two-thirds of it although they were not really entitled to nearly so much, by account of the work done by our three men in securing and cutting up. Such is life up here. "The Kablemos have lots of things, they don't need this" is their evident opinion. Well- noblesse oblige. Ford filled up with ice this evening.

3 October. Tuesday. (C)04 8a, 27°; 12m. 28°; 4h. 23.5°; 8h. 19.1°; 12h. 19° min 17° O, S.E. 3; O, S.W. 1; S, 0; N. N.E. 3; N, N.E. 4 max 29° Mac took an excursion onto the hills back (N) of the house but saw no game. Captain is suffering with rheumatism in his right knee, which he strained years ago. Got in some work on the Cluett article - this afternoon Mac unpacked the Expedition type writer and I have been using it with comfort this evening. Beautifully clear and calm this evening at 10 o'clock. Ice going out. 4 October. Wednesday 8a, 11°; 12m. 17.3°; 4h. 12.3°; 8h. 13.5°; 12h. 19.5 min 11° N, N.E. ? ; N, N.E. 3; C, N.E. 4; N, N. 3; N, N.E. 3 max 21° Fine day with occasional strong gusts of keen wind. Walked out this afternoon beyond Provision Point, a- bout a mile from the house. Some ice left in our bay. Worked on "Cluett" article. Called in all the igloos. 5 October. Thursday 8a, 8.2°; 12m. 7.8°; 4h. 8°; 8h. 8°; 12h. 7°, min 6° C 5, N.E. 5; C 2, N.E. 6; C 6, N.E. 5; C 5 N.E. 5; N, N.E. 5 max 14.8° Beginning here the figures after C denote degrees of cloudiness in tenths of sky. Did not go out for walk. Too windy. Driving snow in air at times. Worked on "Cluett" article. Discussion over scurvy and its absence on board "Cluett." Probable due to fresh meat that we managed to ob- tain in spring and summer, seals & birds. Last day for coming of ship, according to Captain Comer, all hope gone now.

6 October. Friday 8a, 5°; 12m, 8.5; 4p, 9°; 8p, 10°; 12h, 10°; min 4.5°, max 10° C1, N.E.6; 3, N.5; C1, N.E.5; 3, N.E.5; 3, N.E.4. With Mac's sanction and help and Capt. Corner's help began overhauling Green's boxes in a search for the various parts of the seismograph. Found some of them. I cannot understand Fitz's not setting up the machine, he did not claim to Mac that any parts were missing. The clock runs all right. Ice covers most of fjord except from bay but Mac does not think that this will stay. 7 October. Saturday 8a, 10.5°; 12m, 17; 4p, 16.3°; 8p, 18°; 12h, 16°. min 7.3° C6, N.E.4; C6, O; C5, N.1; O, N.E.2; C5, O. Fjord, including our cave, wholly frozen over. We hope now that the calm weather will hold until the ice becomes thick enough to [illegible] remain in place. Found box containing drum, needle arms etc. of the seismograph. Its condition showed without doubt that it had never been opened since it left Georgetown University. The same was true of box No5 which I opened yesterday and which contained the lamp, spare parts re and a note in Capt. Gordon's handwriting. Captain Corner and I unpacked the two boxes containing the major portion of the frame and we were positive that one of these had not been opened before, because the packing was that of an effort and not like that of the other box which had been unpacked and repacked. It furthermore contained a legend for me in pencil.

"The interior boards that it had (107) been faced by Georges(?) Georgetown University, Washington, D.C." This board was one that would almost certainly have been destroyed or looted and the box been opened before. 8 October. Sunday. 8a, 8°; 12m, 7°; 4h, 8°; 8h, 11.7°; 12h, 10.9 min 5°. Max 15° C3, N3; C9, N4; O, N21; S, O; S, O Snowing briskly at and after 8 h. m. This will check the rapidity of the freezing, but perhaps the ice is strong enough now to hold its place, provided no heavy southwester comes within a few days. Walked around to the Por [illegible] to get two small monkey wrenches from the power boat for use in setting up the seismograph. Quiet day, not much work going on, it being Sunday. Concert in evening. Captain Corcoran has many tales to tell of the hard life on board a whaler and the hardships and impositions practised upon the sailors. The strange feature of it all, to me, is that he seems to justify such treatment, with all its cruelty, brutality and dishonesty. I could not help telling him to-day that he was doing his best to give the good opinion that I had had of him before starting on this voyage. He tries to bring us to acquiesce in his view of the matter, rather than to admit the jus- tice of any other viewpoint, just as he tries to make these Eskimos talk like "his" na- tives of Hudson Bay and curses those people because they are not like those. His "crows" are always the blackest. Codie was on the ice to-day.

9 October Monday - (108 8a, 19.2°; 12m, 19.5°; 4h, 16; 8h 13°; 12h.10°, min.10° O, SW2; O, N.E.1; 0, O; O, N.E.2; HWy, N.E.3; max 19.9° Six or seven inches of light, fluffy snow fell last night, but even to-day's light winds have been strong enough to drive most of it off the ice. Kahda was out on the bay ice today, keeping near shore and continually testing it with a stick. Worked on the seismograph all day to- day and made much progress. I feel sure that I can set it up all right, if some of the rusted parts can be re- placed. The two boxes, containing pen- dulum and weights, which we open- ed today had been opened before and repacked. 10 October. Tuesday 8h, 6.6°; 12m, 6°; 4h, 3.80°; 8h, 6.5°; 12h, 0° min 0° max 10°C7 N.E.4; C3, N.E.3; C2, N.E.2; B, N.E.5; B, N.E.5 a beautiful day, though a little wind, but I have stayed in all day at work on the seismograph. One of the thrust pins connecting the heavy weight with the arm is so badly rusted that it cannot be used. I am afraid that this will throw out any use of the apparatus, and am going to try a scheme tomorrow for repairing it. It must have been all right three years ago. I can see no reason for Fitz's not setting up the seismograph the first time. It seems certain that he made no ade- quate effort to do this part of his work... I am heartened seriously by having no directions for setting up and running the machine.

11 October, Wednesday. (109° 8a, -1°; 12m + .5°; 4p. +2°; 8p. 3.5°; 12p, 4.5° min -1.2° O, N4; O, N3; O, NE2; O, NE3; O, NE1 max +5.2 Spent day mostly on seismograph - all in shape except the thrust arm already mentioned + connections with betw. the arms and the coiling needles, which I have not identified yet - opened two boxes of Green's books in search for books on seismology, no success - but we got two little thermographs, which we set running at once - This has been a hot day and so cold that I expect to go onto the ice tomorrow. Constant run of bands between Captain Cove and Job over missed off whales and characteristics of Provincetown. One of Fitz's books - Thoreau's

12 October Thursday 8a,60; 12m,70; 4h,7; 8h,9.50; 12h,80; min 4.1; max 9.5 0,N22; 0,N21; Ltsw,N1; thskn,0; S,0. Snow 6" The week is proving very dull and lousy as to weather. A little fine snow was falling at four this afternoon and this increased to a heavy snow storm by six o'clock. Un- usual to have so much snow here without wind. Have spent most of day on seismograph. Overhauled another of Fitz's boxes looking for a book or books on the machine, but without success. This afternoon walked up the turrent bed a little way then went out on to the bay with Kahda and Megissie for a walk of about two miles. Ice is about 7 inches thick and as smooth as a floor except for the slight irregularities due to the snow - Surface is still wet from the excluded salt. Great discussion this evening over our position of sea at various depths & throughout the Arctic. Jot contends that no fish can live in water of 280 F because the fresh water in its system will freeze and kill it (which he says is) He says, that after a certain cold snap at Provincetown dead flounders were dredged up in the harbor each of which contained a lump of ice. He sweeps aside the fact that fish do live in the waters here at Etah & even in the winter. 13 October Friday 8a,15.5; 12m,16.50; 4h,170; 8h,16.2; 12h,8x0 min 8.10 max 170 O,N3; S,N1; O,N2; O,O; Huy,O.

Got seismograph together so that (1/11) it would run all right in my room. Quite pleased with success, since I was wholly unfamiliar with the instrument aside from its basic principle and had only a catalogue picture to guide me in the work of setting it up. Next ting to tackle is the electric connection with the clock. This may give some trouble tough I have the batteries all right. Walked over to Provision Point today with Kah da and got copper wire from power boat. Mac immersed a bottle of fresh water for six hours in sea water, wh. temp. was 28.7° but it did not freeze. Captain papered most of his room today with sheets of botanical paper—gray on the walls and white on the ceiling. Looks gfine and very neat. 14 October, Saturday. min 8.1° 8a, 14°; 12m, 12°; 4p, 11.8°; 8p, 12.8°; 12p, 12. max 17½° C5, N3; C3, N4; C1, N3; B, N.3; B, N.25 So busy working on clock and con- necting it with seismograph that I did not get out for a walk. The day has been fine but windy. Sirius disc visible in SW this afternoon, the first time that we have seen it in a week. Had no difficulty in getting the clock to run the time signal on the graph, thus disposing of Fitz's earlier view that the clock was no good. What a pity it is that he fell down so on his work! He could have set the apparatus up and got it to running all right three years ago much more easily than I have done it now. But it is not in its final position yet.

Mac and Captain hauled [illegible] from beach & stored it beside house. (11/2 15 October. Sunday. 8a, -40; 12m, -60; 4h, 1.4; 8h, 2.50; 1/2p, 1; min, -.5; max 11.10 13, N6; 13, NE 6; 13, NE 2, 5N, 5; C1, N2 Invited a paper and put it on the seis- mograph. Got records of movements of house floors. Much pleased with suc- ess. Walked over to Dog Island this afternoon. Beautiful day and clear sun-set at ca 3:15, but wind very keen. 16 October. Monday 8a, -20; 12m, -20; 4h, -3.80; 8h, -40; 12h, -3.10; min -4.10 13, E5; 13, E5; O, E7; 13, E8; 13, N6 max -8. Smother snow drifting all day with heavy squalls of snow during middle of day. Job calls this as bad a day as he has seen here but Mac does not. Too severe to go up thermometer hill to-day to get the record and to-days low temperature will have spoiled last weeks work. Weight 1851/2 lbs Ice 9" thick this morning. Adjusted seismograph and ran wires to the room where it is to stand. 17 October. Tuesday. 8a, -20; 12m, -30; 4h, -30; 8h, -5.80; 12h, -40; min -6.80 C1, N26; C1, N25; C1, N26; Hazy, NE3; 14, S2 max -1.50 Still very windy, but I walked out to Dog Island and Mac went up to the cairn and got the re- cord: min -9.50; max 200 Mess room was cleared out for reception of seismograph. Still working on adjustment of seismograph, syn- chronising clock therewith. Mac weighs 184, Captain Caver 221, Job 1371/2. Captain Caver has fixed up his room in a very neat and attractive fashion, having tack-

ed sheets of light gray blottingpaper (113 on the ceiling and dark gray on the walls. Suites are decorated with some of Jot's colored drawings of schooners and Estuaries' (Oodie & Kahda) pencil drawings of Kanatiks, igloos etc. 18 October. Wednesday. 8a, 1°; 12m, 1°; 4h, 1°; 8h, -8°; 12h, -1°. Min -2 O,E6; H,E6; O,E4; O,N E3; H,N E4. Max 1 So busy moving seismograph into perma- nent quarters that I did not get outdoors at all, the day being furthermore blustery. Captain Corner leveled off the floor (ground) then he and Mac lined the room with an old tape lining, Mac determined the meridian line for me and then the two carried the seismograph frame in. Captains and I leveled up the frame and Jot adjusted the heavy mass and I put on the arms to the iron sub-bases rest on frozen gravel and are imbedded in the same material. My own room seems large now, with the seismograph gone from it. Kahda and Megissu came in to play cards with me. They are interesting children, particularly the boy. They were afraid that the evil spirit was outside, so Kahda pro- posed that he sleep with Mac and Me- gissu with me, but they finally went home. 19 October. Thursday 8a, -4°; 12m, -1°; 4h, -1°; 8h, -2; 12h, .5; min -59 13,N14; H,N E3; H,N E3; H,N E3; H,N E3 Max -1° Got seismograph mechanism to run- ning to-day, by removing all the oil from

the worm of the drum also con. /114 waked up the time registry and set it off at work. Kept "blue flame" lamp burn- ing under the clock. Work all day, but has extinguished it for to-night. Out for an hour's walk before our noon dinner. Wind very strong in middle of fjord. This morning got harnessed my pups, four of them, for the first time, using the reeother as a leader. The team started off and went all right after a little trouble in harnessing; the pups following the reether willingly. After nine this evening Kahda rushed in stark naked - the boy had apparently been left alone in the igloo next door after he had turned in for the night. He came awoken here an hour before gone back with Ahminah and the rest. Pretty cool inside and cold out doors for the "altogether"! Wore my rabbit skin stockings for first time this fall. Have been using two pair of woolen socks and an inner pair of kamikles for some months, as being more comfortable during the warmer weather. Have been looking over Cook's "Voy- atteainment of the Pole" this evening. It is filled with false and misleading statements and visions lies. It seems a pity not to publish a book exposing and refuting them. 20 October. Friday. 8a -1; 12m, 3°; 4p, 6°; 8p, 6; 12h, 5°; min -10.8° C3, N3; O, N1; Misty SE2; B, W3; B, W4. max 6.

Walked out to Stara Island, 2 miles (1/15 from house, where Fitz and Jerome had this cabin and tried the wireless after it had failed at the house. The cabin is in fair condition and would do as a refuge, if we were so unfortunate as to be burned out at headquarters. Kahda and Megissu went with me and the boys sharp eyes could see some walrus out beyond us. He killed two ravens which had gotten carried in fox traps belonging to Parrikpa and Alminah. Open water stretches away beyond the island and swings in a curve, convex eastward, to the shore near Sunrise Point. Long talk with Mac on Expd. matters. 21 October Saturday. 8a, 3.5°; 12m, 7°; 4p, 2.5°; 8p, 5°; 12h, 0° Min -2.8° C6, N3; 3, N2 1; 3, N2 3; 3, N2 2; 13, N2 3 max 7°. This morning I started the aerio- graph officially on its work -- but now the electromagnet on it is not working well. Two mile walk on the bay this afternoon, sun hidden by clouds and highland. Did some writing for use in my "Chett" article for Mac. Jot had his team out for a drive of some miles, after an amusing stat in which the dogs got away from him with the Kamatik and he did not catch them this side of Provision Point. Jot got mad last night over my running the typewriter and indulged in some unwarranted luggage abuse it. It seemed to me that he cried before he was hurt, since I stopped anyhow at 10:05. I told Mac to-day that if Jot had any com- plaints to make that they should be made to him (Mac) and not to me direct.

22 October. Sunday. 1/16 8a, 0°; 12m, -2°; 4h, -40°; -3.5°; 12h-4.5° min.-4.5° S,N16; C2, N13; B,E3; B,N14; B,N14. mm. 0 Beautiful day after about 10 a.m., when the snow and heavy wind ceased. Two mile walk toward noon. Sun just below the skyline of the hills in the S.S.W. Yes- today must have been his last day of vis- ibility from the house, hence he will be out of sight from here for four full months. Kahda has carved a schooner rigged steamer out of a block of pine today. Course of course, but doing well for an civilized boy of his age. About 6 p.m. the Eskimos came in from their caribou hunt. They came down the steep terraces behind the igloos. I wish that it had been light enough to see the seven loaded canootics descend that tol slope. The men and women have been gone seven weeks and have had pretty good luck, getting 48 (2) caribou, 2 bears and some fish and foxes. The people look fat and healthy and they brought back all their dogs - Quite a record. They went as far as the Humboldt Glu- cier, but got their caribou on the hills this side of there. Atkputishao was lying rolled up in the skin of a deer that he had just killed. He woke up to find a fox snar- ing at the carcass, but his rifle was beyond the fox & the animal got away. A lay down again rifle in hand and by and bye the fox came back and so close to the man that he blew its head off.

some of Mac furnished the men with (117 cartridges, tobacco and part of a team of dogs and we get in return several skins, four fine haunches of venison and some salmon trout. We had stew of young eider duck to-day. Delicious. Yesterday Wi-Wi, who was on duty in Jot's morning absence made us a fine stew of young hare - Panikta brought it in two days ago - 7 pounds weight 186\frac{1}{2} with somewhat heavier clothing on than Monday. A & F sweater, vest, flannel shirt, sealskin pants, karmit & rabbit skin stockings. "Aervie" underclothing. The annual fall caribou hunt is quite an event with the north- ern members of the Smith Sound since it provides them not only with food but also with skins for sleep- ing bags and kooletahs. Success this year was not equal to that of some recent years. No young deer were seen. Man saw some wolf tracks showing that one or more wolves had come across the channel from Ellesmere Land. Probably accounts for extra scat- tering of the caribou and absence of young. The fish came from the most northern known locality in Greenland. They or similar ones have been taken in Lake Hazen in Grant Land. Those brought in this evening measure from 15" to 24" in extreme length and the largest one weighs 3 lbs now. Frozen solid of course.

23 October. Monday 0, N 6; 0, N 6; 0, N 6; B, N 4; B, N 4 max 90 8a,-1; 12m, 2.9°; 4h, 6.1°; 8h, 2.5°; 12h, 2.9° min -1.5° Temp. seismograph room 2p. 24°. (5ft from ground) Min last night 1 Temp. on thermometer hill for past week, max 3.1°, min. -10° Day was too blustery for me to take my usual walk, though Mac went up into the hill. He found it rather rough. Worked on seismographs and wrote several letters. 24 October. Tuesday B, N 3; C7, N 1; C 2, N 2; B, N 3; B, N 3 max 3.2° 8a, 0°; 12m, 0°; 4h, 0°; 8h, 0°; 12h, 2.9° min -1.5° Beautiful day though still rather windy out on the fjord. Walk in bay 2-3 p.m. Fukashu (Eetookashoo) built a snow block entrance to his igloo - first snow edifice here of the season. Fussed over the electromagnet of the seis-mograph this morning and though I seemed to do nothing to it, it got to running at once and ran for several hours after I put it back on to the frame. Then it went balky again. Temp. in seism room 12m. 23°, min -40 Yesterday with captain Coss's help got iron stakes ready to set on gla-cier and got fixed up an ice auger. We are going out this tomorrow, if the weather holds favorable. 25 October

25 October. Wednesday. B, N3; (B, N2 ?); B, N23; B/N24; B/N26 max 1° 8a, 1°; 12m ; 4h, 0°; 8h, -3.5°; 12h-3. min.-5.8° Cloudless, brilliant day without much wind. Considered a rarity at Etah. Eight Kamtiks took the whole population except Parikpa and Abuksumquwah and Nive and her two small children up to the lake at the head of the fjord. Mac, Jot, Stukashe, Nucarpingwah and I went up into the glacier and set a row of iron stakes across it. Oodie and Kakochie hunted rabbits, the former get- ting one and the latter three. Oodie got a ptarmigan too. The rest of the crowd fished through the ice 50-75 ft from the end of the glacier. Ice 23½ inches thick, water 12-13 feet deep. Rain is still flowing under the glacier for we could feel the lake ice moving under our feet coincidentally with extensive cracking sounds, and the water overflowed the ice when the holes were chopped through it. The cracking of the ice may how- ever be due to the pressure of the slow- ly moving glacier. During the winter the pressure arches up the ice near the glacier so that a person may walk into the spots or tunnel thus formed. Akputishes & his family (Ahningah, Megissu & Kahda) caught three large and two small salmon trout. Near some Mr Captain Corner who came up without any hooks. He thought that Mac had them whereas Mac had given them to him yesterday. It was hard walking on the glacier, but our Kamtiks stuck to the ice pretty well, if we kept the soles free from snow. Went into two-meal a day regime.

26 October. Thursday. (120 B,N\u03a55; B,N\u03a53; B,N\u03a53; B,N\u03a56; O,N\u03a55 8a,-1o/12m,3o;4h,3o;8h,Oo;12h,-2o.min-4.1o max 3o Another remarkable fine day for Etah. Tho the wind seemed to me to be stronger at mid- day on the fjord than it was on the glacier yesterday. Kahda contributed the little fish which he caught and which seem- ed to be different from the ussual large ones. To day I have thawed out this and four of those brought back from the lake near the Stemboldt gla- cier and placed all five, wrapped up separately in cheese cloth, in 75% alcohol in a five gallon milk can - walked out across fjord and back, ca 2\u012f-3 miles. We have lived high to day. At oft. we had the big trout that Ahminah caught yes- terday. Joe "smothered" it a la Labrador and it was delicious. Caribou steaks, fried, for dinner at 4 p.m. Then had merely a mug up in the evening. 27 October. Friday. B,N\u03a52; B,N\u03a52; O1,N\u03a52; B,N\u03a53; B,N\u03a52 max 4.1o 8a,Oo/12m,1.5o;4h,-2.6o;8h,.6o;12h,4o;min-1.5o Etah is trying to disprove Mac's characteriza- tion of its weather. This day has been best of all. We went again to the glacier. I rode up with Nucaipingwah and back with Mac. Mac took Sammit, Nucaipingwah and Akputishao, built cairn on south wall of valley in line with stakes, measured upial base lines and angles on cairn and stakes and took angles and base line for length of lake and distance from front of glacier - I went up northern valley to build cairn in line with stakes, but found trip along

talks slope so different that I did not (21) accomplish the task. In many places the rocks are literally white washed with the lime from annual visits of the little autos. Collected some of the "pink snow" and placed it under the microscope. Spore-like characters of the deposit easily recognized. Fine dinner at 4 p.m., baked young duck and fried hare, with custard pudding for dessert. neat! 28 October Saturday H,N22; O,N2; O,N21; S,NE1,S,SW2 max 9° 8a,6; 12m,1.8°; 4p,5.2°; 8p, 8°; 12h, 8.8°, min 0° Jot and Summit went rabbiting to bay and got a rabbit each. At noon I started out for a walk, but could not get across the ice foot on account of the extra high tide! Seismograph reading, writing letters. Seism. room 23°, min 20°. Q.C. bull swr 15°0. 29 October Sunday S,SW3; S,SW3; S,SW3; O,SW4; c8,S3 max 6.9° 8a,4; 12m,4.5; 4p,5.8°; 8p,5.2°; 12h,5°, min 3° Ice 17¼ in. Temp of sea water 29° Dull day but I got out for walk on bay from 12:30-1:45. Nearing Inughuk furthest point on my staff (a some- what shortened ski staff). Great help in crossing ice foot, which is not solid yet. Temp in seism. room noon 20°, min 18° 30 October Monday max 7.8° O,SW2; O,O; O,S1; c7,S1; S,O. 8a,7°; 12m,5°; 4p,7°; 8p,7.8°; 12h,1.6 min -1.1°

For several days the electromag - (122 net on the seismograph has not been working at all well, but this morning I adjusted it again so that now it has been running all night for more than ten hours. Min 20°; 11:40 a.+33° ) 7:15-1:45 walked across to channel between mainland and Radcliffe Island, jumped into Arklio's kama. tik of Provision Point and rode in with him. He had a load of wal- us meat from one of his caches. a dull day but pleasant walking Mac went up on the thermometer Hill - temp min - 8.8°, max +6.1° for week. Mud S 4-5 up there. got went down to Crystal Palace cliffs rabbit hunting, but came back tired and disgusted, having seen only one hare, too far away to get. 31 October. Tuesday. 0,S&1;0,S2;C9,S1;B,51;O,S1. max 9.1° 8a,2°;12m,8.5°;4p,9°;8p,9°;12p,9.1° min 2° Seismograph seems to be working all right and I fixed the sheet with diluted collodion, there being no shells here as far as Mac knows. Mac does not wish to overhaul the fox skins with me and select the 50 for the Museum unless he is at liberty to take out also the skins needed for the additional specimen kaphetahs wh. are desired for our series. I am not willing to use the skins thus on accou- of my promises to Rasmusse (ide correspondence). When Ras-

Musson left here on 8 Septem (123 for the distinct and amicable understanding between him and me was that the Expedition was go- ing to trade for additional skins for the desired kahpetaks and such specimens as were lacking from our series. Mac says that this puts him in wrong and that he is not willing to do any more trading after all that has been said. To-day however he agreed to trade for additional finish- ed kahpetaks as opportunity might offer and the matters is left thus. Walked out about two miles a- long north shore of bay - to point this side of "Jo's Valley" - midday. Rosy clouds over Cape Alexander region. Celebrated Halloween this evening by playing "Jenkins" with the Eskimos. They are experts in lo- cating the coin under the hand. 1 November Wednesday. 0,SW2; 0,SW3; 0,SW3; 0,SW4; 0,0 max, 20° 8a, 12°; 12m, 12.8°; 4h, 19.8°; 8h, 15.5°; 12h, 17°. min 90 Mac went up to Brother Johns glacier and built cairn on talus of northern side of valley in line with the stakes. He had to build in on top of a big rock in the littleank slope, but was able to correlate it with a crack in the cliffs far above. He reports the lake ice bulged up in front of the glacier. He and Sammler cut through and found the ice arched about a foot above

the water. A series of curved (124 concentric with the glacier front have been developed in its lake ice. Out for 3+ mile walk myself. Unpacked scales and fixed up a 10% solution of HgCl₂ in hot water, but the salt crystallized out when the water cooled and I must make it up again with alcohol tomorrow. Captain built snow igloo d'aisance for the two family groups south of the house and is going to build an other for the two north of us. Odd that the Eskimos should want or ever be willing to have a white man build even such snow-igloos for them! Overhauled alcoholized fish with captains help - slit abdomens of large ones, wrapped up again with labels. 2 Nov. Thursday. max 17.5° O, SW3; O, W3; O, NW4; B, W4; B, SW5 min 13.2 8a, 17.5°; 12m, 15°; 4p, 16.50°; 8p, 14.2°; 12p 14.9° Seismograph working well now, though magnet stopped for a time but this morning. Mac and Gunnik went out to Sunrise Point and Cape Ohlsen, at latter place Mac climbed to top + saw continuous ice in every di- rection, with but few leads. I walked out through middle of fjord 11a - 12:15p. ca 3 ½ miles walk. Eskimos are much and intelli- gently interested in natural history pictures and geography.

3 November. Friday. 1/25 S, S3; S, SW4; S, NW4; C9 NW4; S4 SW3. max. 21° 8a, 18°; 12m, 21°; 4h, 17°; 8h, 17.5°; 12h, 18.8°, min 14° out 10:45-11:45 for work up fjord - Dull. gale of wind roaring on plateau but then is only a brisk breeze at sea level. Kahkachie (Jimmie) took Jot's dogs in hand this morning to break them in for driving. Too much for Jot. They ran away with him, so to say, yesterday and dragged me across of the Kamatit across his left arm bruising it. Captain, who was helping wrenched his right knee in the melee. Captain has been at work today rebuilding his convenience igloo beside the entrance to a commo- dingurah's igloo. wrote letters. Captain has made me a fine lot of envelopes out of [illegible] paper. graph paper- (damaged) 4 November. Saturday C9, 0; C8, NW4; C8, N2; C8, NE1; C7, NE2 max. 18.8° 8a, 15.5°; 12m, 12.8°; 4h, 11°; 8h, 9.5°; 12h, 8.8° min 6.90 About 4 in. of light snow fell yester- day and last night. Not drifted. Rode out with Sammirik to some of his foxtraps, 2 mi. and walked home. Rather laborious. Captain fixed up Wi'Wi with two but- tons on her breast for fastening cord supporting hood instead of the one which is used here. She is quite pleased with the novelty. Began my report to H. F. O.

5 Nov. Sunday. Ice 20" 1/26 B, N7; B, N3; B, N4; B, N3, B N4 8a, 0.5°; 12m 1; 4h, -4.8°; 8h, 1; 12h, 0° watr- 29° mor- 8.50 min- -4.4 Census of Etah at present: West- Kermmost igloo- Eetookashoo, Almah, Artelo, Alningwah. Next Ahtkput- ashao, Ahuinah, Megissu, Jotara, Almaduh, Kahda- East of house- Parnikpa, Ahtuksung wah, Kakotiah. Last- Accommo- dingwah + Inaluh, Nucarpingwah + WiWi, Oodie, Ahtkputashao ('Igloosu- ahui') and Lizzie and Kawiaksuah at our house- Sammitik. 22 Sammitik and Kahda are the sons of Ahdokahingwah who is living now at Kongardlbootsuah. Plear is father of former, but what white man of latter? Eetookashoo and Kakotiah are Pa- nikpa's sons by a former wife. Nucarpingwah is Accommodingwah's son and Kakotiah is son of Inaluh by Bob Bartlett. Kawiaksuah Oodie is WiWi's son by a previous husband the other two her children by Nucarpingwah Almah'duh is Ahuinah's mother. Adding the white men total is 26 Mayak came in from Anorotok this afternoon with one of his sons, Aiohpang- wah, for a visit. He brought me the pair of kanikies wh. his wife promised to make for me. They are good ones, of chered skin. Mae is to give him 5 gal Kerosene.

for them. In the evening jot (127 Cut my hair and later saved my ring in two after vainly trying to get it off with a string after my soak- ing it for three hours in hot water and soap - joint had smelled since I put [illegible] on early in the summer. Sorry I have to have it cut. Wind very strong and a thick smooth of snow drifting at 10:30h. Brilliant moon light. Walked over to Dog Island this morning wind was keen all night. jot cut Mac's hair and then Mac cut jot's. The latter seems model enough to have done at the begin- ing of cold weather, but jot want- ed it done. He looks queer all night. 6 Nov. Monday 13,N.E 7; 13,N.E 5; 13,N.W 4; 13,N.W 4; 13,N.E. 4 8a,-6o; 12m, -4.2o; 4h-5.5o; 5h.-5.1o; 12h.-6o Min.-8.5o From 10: 45 to 12 went out on the fjord for the triangle formed by the house, Provision Point and Dog Island. The north wind was very strong and keen. Decidedly wintry. The wind has blown all the most of the new snow off the ice or pack- ed it hard so that the walking is good now. Mac went up on thermometer till this morning, wearing his blancket shirt and no netsha and found it very cold - said there was a sensation as of burning above his bear skin pants.

Planet, Jupiter (?), shone brightly (128 in the west at 11 a., and another, Venus ?, at 1 p.m. and the moon is brilliant this evening. After a long halt in proceedings Nuan- fingwah and WiWi began again fixing up igloo under our living room for their occupancy. Captain helped, and seemed to be doing most if not all the carpentering ! He has made two breast buttons, Baffin Bay style, no style for the woman's large hood when she is carrying a child there and now Ahminal wants some so he is making her a pair of matted wool. 7 Nov. Tuesday. 0,E2;0,N22;0,N21;S,51;S,0 max 4.5° 8a,20;12m,3.9°;4h,50;8h,3°;12h,3°. min -7.2° In all day writing letters. Presidential election to-day, but who are the nominees ? We don't know, but we have had some great discussions over Wilson, Roosevelt, Root and others. meaningwah & WiWi moved in. 8 Nov. Wednesday. S,E2;E,E2;S,E2;S,S27;S,E56 max 27.5° 8a,9.5°;12m,13.5°;4h,24°;8h,25°;12h,26.5°. min 3° Jot says that this is the heaviest snow storm that he has seen here. Fifteen inches of the light stuff had fallen by 2 p.m. Fully 30 inches has fallen in the past two months. So thick all day that walking for pleasure was out of the question. This evening's gale will blow lots of the snow away. Wrote several letters.

9 November. Thursday. S, SE7; S, 35; C8, SE2; O, SW2; O, NW3 max 28.3° 8a, 26°; 12m, 26°; 4h, 26.50; 8h, 260; 12h, 269: min 25.1 Show seemed to stop falling about noon. I should think that fully two feet in a level had fallen in this storm, which has been the heaviest snow storm that our men have seen here. Much drifted by last nights strong wind. Big drift in front of the house and under the bank. Gangway completely buried: thick crust along shore edge of ice foot. Heavy drift across path to thermometer shelter and back of house. Did not try to go into the bay but walked about near house and igloos for a half hour. Odee tried going out onto ice with snow shoes but found snow too soft for good progress. Writing letters, makes me homesick. Lizzie got a bath this evening - Her first one I presume. She looked cunning enough in Captain Coney's wash basin and had an admiring circle of Eskimos and Kabloonates about her. She liked it. 10 November. Friday S,O; O,W2; O,O; O,E1; O,N3 max 28° 8a, 239; 12m, 23.8°; 4h, 21°; 8h, 19.40; 12h, 18.5°. min 17.1° Dull and dark. Some of the Kanna- tits went out across fjord and had

difficult going. I followed this 1/30 trail on snow shoes, but I was fully satisfied with the exercise by the time I had gone a half mile and back. Measured snow out in front as be- ing 18", 20" and 12" deep - Too light for comfortable walking even on snow shoes. Almiah had a block to this after- oon and gave an exhibition of what I suppose was a rather wild attack of this form of hysteria. Resembled a case of singing drunk. She droffed off her karnits but did not stop any further while in our house. She went out doors without her karnits. Nose says he has never seen so much snow here before at one time. at work all day on my "Foxskin" report to H.F.O. and beginning of general drift - First drafts. 11 Nov. Saturday_ C8, N17; c9, N15; 0, N16; c4, N16; 13, N3 max 19° 8a, 8.5°; 12m, 7.2°; 4h, 3.9°; 8h, 2°; 12p, 2.9 min 1.3° Extremely disagreeable day with clouds of snow driving before the strong wind. No walking out for me! Letters. Writing so many letters to home folks makes me homesick enough - gale seems to me to be stronger than is indicated by the figures given a- bove - Our individual estimates of the force of the wind vary greatly and make us long for our anemometer to be up.

12 November. Sunday. 1/31 B,N\u0416; B,N\u0416 4; B,N\u0416 3; B,N\u0416 2; B,N\u0416 1 max 6 8a,4o; 12m,5.2o; 4p,3o; 8p,3.1o; 12p.0o, min 0 Out on snowshoes on bay this morning for about an hour. North wind very biting. Capella, Gemini tc and Jupiter (?) visible at noon. Captain rebuilt his Snowigloo under the bank, damaged by and during storm. Wrote some more letters. 13 November. Monday. B,N\u0416 2; B,O; B9,O; O,N\u0416 2; B,NL max 4o 8a,2.5o; /12m,3o; 4p.0o; 8p.1o; -.5o min -2.2o Remarkable weather for Utah, Mae says. Enjoyed walk in snowshoes out toward Starr Island a mile + then toward penin-sula behind Dog Island 1/2 mi. About 3 mi. in all. Estirmos went to Ann otoke this morning. A little before nine o'clock Mayak stuck his head inside the door and called out something that Joe & I made out to be "Good bye". Shortly after-ward we heard the Huk, huk, huk of the departing dog teams. Reports & letters H.F.O. & J.H.S. Mayak is Ahmina's brother. Engaged Jwaluk to make a girl's net-ska which I shall give to Sita if the museum does not want it. 14 Nov. Tuesday - B,N3; B,N3; B,N\u0416 3; C9 N2 B; C6, N2 4 max 2o 8a,0.5o; 12m,-12o; 4p,1; 8p,0; 12h,-2o; min -6.5o

Three mi. walk on jmd. snowshoes. 1/32 Wind out from shore strong and bitter. Interesting to watch development of gustings. At this temperature the snow has become like sand. Continued work on rpt & letters 4-7:0 + 9. H.S. Cut out smoking after breakfast for a time. Captain faced N.2 side of house with snow blocks. This will add much to the comfort in the house, especially in Maie's & Capt's rooms. 15 November. Wednesday. O, E 3; O, N 2 3; O, N 2 3; 13, N 2 4; 25, N 2 4 max 0° 8a,-3°; 12h,-3.9°; 4h,-7.5°; 8h,-10°; 12h,-10°. min -11.2 In all day typewriting reports to H.F.O. Captain Cornes snow-wall makes very noticeable difference in warmth of house. He began one on rear. Almost no fire in evening. Samnite repairing his karamatic in the dining room - 16 November. Thursday. C8, N 2 4; 13, N 2 4; 13, N 2 4; 13, N 2 4; 13, N 2 6 max -10° 8a,-11°; 12m,-11.4°; 4h,-13°; 8h,-15.2°; 12h,-14° min -16° At work all day typewriting reports and letters to H.F.O., Sherwood and Ras- mussen. Am done with the heaviest now. Breezing up pretty strongly this evening but house was so warm that we let fire in stove go out about 8 p.m. 17 November Friday. 13, N 2 5; 13, N 2 5; 13, N 2 6; 13, N 2 7; 13, N 2 7 max -9° 8a,-11°; 12m,-11.8; 4h,-11.5°; 8h,-11.4°; 12h,-10° min -11.2 Out for 2+ mile walk in spite of heavy wind. Another day on letters,

18 November. Saturday. 13, NE 5; C4, NW 4; O, NE 6; O, NE 7; B, NE 6 8a, -13°; 12m, -15.3°; 4h, -13°; 8h, -11.8°; 12h, -11.1mi -16. Still busy on letters. Too many! Two mile walk on bay. Wind strong in gusts. 19 November. Sunday 0, NE 4; O, NE 5; O, NE 4; B, NE 4; O, N4 8a, -11°; 12m, -9°; 4h, -8; 8h, -9; 12h, -9.5° min -13° Still more letters. Out across fjord - Two mile walk. Wore Kooltah, which protected my face from the wind. Captain Corner furnished some ex- citement this morning at break- fast. He took Lizzie, We-We's 8-2mo. old baby, in his arms as usual and sat down again at table, but the legs of the chair spread apart and let him down gently onto his back on the floor. His only con- cern was for the child, but she was not hurt, only scared. Jot said that the Captain's belly rose like a certain round hill near Prov- incetown and that Lizzie was like a little sand dune beside it. We We said that the Captain was trying to get into the oven but was too big. Every body laughed but Captain and Lizzie, and she soon stopped her crying and was all smiles again as usual.

20 November Monday S, N4; O, N3; B, N3; A, N3; BNE4 max +2° 8a -8°; 12m -4°; 4h -2.2°; 8h -9.5°; 12h, -11° min -11.2 walked a mile up the fjord. Disagreeable on account of snow and wind and haze. Wind heavy in fjord av. -9.2° letters. 21 November Tuesday av. -9.1° B, N2°; B, N4; B, N34; B, NW3; 13N25 max -4° 8a -8°; 12m -14°; 4h, -11; 8h, -7.50; 12h, -5° min -15° Out at midday for 2+ mi walk. Wind blowing half a gale beyond lee cliffs. Get along very well by walking sideways to the wind and "tacking" when I have to go dead to windward to get home. Finished letters, sealed and packed them. More than 60 of them. 22 November Wednesday av. -8.1° B, N1; B, N2; C1, N2; C1, N2; B, N1 max -5.9° 8a -8°; 12m -9°; 4h, -7°; 8h -8°; 12h, -8.5°; 2pm -10.9° Beautiful day and I enjoyed my 4 mile walk to Peeahwahto's Point and back. Light wind near house but calm beyond river gorge. Wore Neshka. Adjusted seismograph this morning and got magnet to running again all night. Began work again on "Cluett" article in p.m. Of course the men, Estirico fashion, did not start today. Ahkpoohshao having decided that he must get a supply of meat for Ahneenah. She needs it all right, but he could have gotten it before. It is always well to set an early date when dealing with these natives, to provide against delays -

23 November - Thursday C1, N3; C4, N25; C4, N26; O, N27; B, N27 8a-8o; 12m, -8o; 4p, -7o; 8p, -11.5o; 12h, -12.9 min -3o max -3o min -12.9 av. -9.5 Then finally got started for Umkamate and along the line this morning about eleven. There were Samseti, Ahke- pootishao, Nuearpinguah, Arklio and Etook a shoo. Accommodinguah started but at 1/2 mi out thought the outlook was unfavorable and turned back. I rode out 1 1/2 mi with Etook a shoo and started to walk back. The wind was very strong and I was glad to accept Accommodinguah's invitation to ride, when he overtook me. It was cold enough then. At work most of day getting material together for my "Clissett" article. After dinner, while we were playing cards, in came Oodee, Kawiaksuah, Ka- Kotiak dressed in women's clothing, fol- lowed at once by Ahneelah, Alningua and Alriah dressed in the boys' suits. Kakotiah made a good looking girl and Alninguah looked much better than in her own clothing. Everybody was in a gale of laughter. We said that Wee Wee must not be left out, so she put on the Captain's old trousers and jumper over her own clothing and she looked com- ical enough, the cap adding the finishing touch. But an improve- ment was made even then by adding a pillow in front. All hands stood up to call on Paritspa and Accom- modinguah. Soon they returned with these two men and their wives wearing interchanged clothes so we had the house full of a merry

136 Mac took flashlight of the [illegible] women and then of the men. After this, the native drum (Kee-lau-tee) was gotten out by Mac and Alma sang, followed by Enaluh and lustily by Anadwah who could not resist. She had come to see the fun, with cunning little Tatara masked in her hood. They sang two songs, I judged, both in a minor key and seem- ingly without distinct words. The drum is simply a membrane stretched over an oval frame and beaten with an ivory or bone wand. It is a small affair 15" or 16" long and is the only native musical in- strument of the tribe, Mac says Almah is the best singer of the crowd and her voice is not bad. The boys complained that their legs were cold in the long canvas and the women that theirs were hot in the bearskin pants. 24 November Friday. Av-11.6° C5, E5; 0, E5; 0, N27; 0, N27; WNE6. Max -9° -12°; -12°; -11.1°; -11°; -12.1°. min -12.8° A stormy, disagreeable day air being thick with driving snow. Walked to Dog Is. and back, wind very strong out in fjord. Could not see a leaf mile. Mac is enlarging his vocabulary every day and learn a lot about the claims. I developed three rolls of films. all good.

25 November Saturday 1/37 0, NW 5; 0, NE 3; 0, N E 4; 0, N E 4; B, N E 4 -12°; -8°; -7°; -7°;-8° min -14°, max -5°. Av. -8.4° Dark, dull and dismal, though air has not been thick with drift as it was yesterday. Walked up fjord to Piahwahta's Point -- 2 mi. Wind rather keen near house and in front of river valley but absent beyond. Jatara was the curlicue baby boy this morn- ing with me of Nice's old mittens or in place of a kamitic which has been lost or mislaid. Great catastrophe to-day Mac cracked one of our precious lamb chimneys by turning the flame up too high. Captain is very silent now-a-days and spends most of his time in his room with his door closed. Don't know whether he is offended at something or not.. 26 November Sunday Mt. 177 3/4 C 2, N 8; C 2, N E 8; C 2, N E 3; B, N 7; B, N E 4. Av. -10.9° -10°; -11°; -11.6°; -11°; -11.1°. min -14.5°; max -3° Nice day except for the wind, but that was very keen, even more so out in the bay than here near the house. Got in a two mile walk, which was quite enough, on account of the wind. Captain more cheerful to-day 27 November Monday. B, N E 7; B, N E 7; B, N E 7; B, N E 7; B/N E 7 Av. -10.2° -10°; -9.5°; -9.5°; -10.9°; -11.2° min -11.2°: max -6° Beautiful day but very windy. Walked across fjord and back 3+ miles. Finished "Kiin", wh I began yesterday. De- lightful, fascinating story. Ice reported gone this side Starra Island along middle of month of fjord.

(138) 28 November. Tuesday B,N5; C5,N35; C4,N35; C1,N35; B,N3. av.-10.9° -11.4°;-10°;-10°;-10.2°;-13°. min -14.1°; max -9° Three mile walk. Blustery. Ahrensah and Albiah took a little hand Kamatik and went up the fjord for kamik grass. They found it rather cold. Worked on "Chett" article. Wrote up some notes. Jot began his preparations for Thanksgiving day dinner. 29 November. Wednesday. C2,N33;B,N3; B,N2; B,N4;B,N4 av.-14.8° -14°;-14°;-15°;-14.5°;-16.8°. min -17.8°; max -10° Four mile walk - to Peshwakt's point and back. Beautiful day and not too windy for enjoyable walking. 30 November. Thursday- C4,N33;O,E4;S,33;S,E4; S,N2 2 av.-9.9° -14°;-10.5°;-8°;-7.4°;-9.2°. min -16.9°; max -6.5° Thanksgiving Day - which we cele- brated in good old New England style. Thankful that things are as well with us as they are and that they are so much better than they were last year. We only wish - aside from the ever-present desire to be at home ourselves - that our friends could know that we are so comfortable in every way, with plenty of food, fuel and clothing. Jot got up a great dinner, of which the menu is as follows:

(1/39 Apricot cocktail (apricot jubilee according to jot) made from the juice of the dried fruit + 10% alcohol. We drank a toast, standing, to the health and happiness of our loved ones at home and expressive of our thankfulness that we are well and that things are as well with us as they are - Roast venison, with dressing and gravy Mashed potatoes and string beans Raised biscuit and butter (oleo) squash pie. Mince pie. Cupcake with chocolate icing. Fruit cake - Doughnuts. Cinnamon roll. Onion salad. Coffee with sugar and (trunick) cream "Liberty laugh" (a punch of apricot juice, strawberry jam juice, lemon juice + 10% alcohol) Going some for the fourth year of the Expedition's stay in the Arctic. jot has been saving the coffee for months and the flour, sugar, strawberry and eggs for weeks in anticipation of the occasion. Took 3 1/2 mile walk before dinner. Day thickly overcast and very dark. Snow lightly after noon. 1 December. Friday. H, N E2; O, S E2; O, S E1; S, # SW.3; O, SW4 -9°; -8°; -9°; -3°; +1 min -12.5°; max +1° Two mile walk. Dismal day, anniversary: Reading + thinking. We-We had too much Thanksgiving that attack of acute indigestion last night. Cracked my lamp yesterday!

(140) 2 December. Saturday. C3, SW3; 0, SW3; S, SE3; C8, NW2; C2, SW2 +6°; 7.5°; 8.9°; 9°; +9° min +1.1°; max 9.9° av. +7.7° Very dark all day. Captain saw moon in first quarter this afternoon - "Four mile walk - Pleahursts Point. Got in some work on "Cluett" article - Mac will have a pretty good defense to make against any charges made by Fitz or Tang regarding their work and the opportunities given for doing it. Fitz lay right down on the job, Mac says, and practically re- fused to do anything, claiming that he was under no obligation to the Expedition or the Museum since his salary was being paid by the Federal Government. Tang, according to Mac, was not interested in general zoology; was lazy about collecting and slovenly in caring for what he did collect or what was turned over to him as zoologist of the Expedition. Certainly Fitz did not do what was right about the seismograph, the mapping or the tidal magnetic observations or the tides. Mac showed me skins and bones supposed to have been cared for by Tang which were in irredeemably bad condition through some one's neglect or ignorance. Mac always acknowledges the good work done by EK and Jerome. Dr was always a kicker but all were bad at that. - Sump chimneys cracked -

3 December Sunday Ice 29 1/2

5 December. Tuesday. (142 C4, NE3; C1, N6; B, NE4; B, NS; B N6 3°; 6°; 6°; 3°; 4.8°. min -8° max 10° as. 4.56° Look walk directly after noon as usual. Across fjord. 3 mi. Beautiful day, tho' there was considerable wind and some driving snow. Developed 3 rolls of films and worked some on "C.L. Relief," which is what I now call the old "Cluett Voyage" while. Kahda is learning some English. He is Sammita's (Aristis) brother & his mother Ahdetakiningqoh says that he too is Planp's son - like Sam. itik he is a very smart boy. 6 December. Wednesday. as. -0.36° B, NS; B, NS; B, NE 43; B, N2; B, O 2.5°; 2°; 4°; -2.8°; -7.5° min -7.5° max +5° A perfect winter's day. Somewhat windy at midday but almost calm later. Moonlight superb. If the weather in Melville Bay is like this the men are having a fine trip. How I wish that I were there! I could have made it all right in weather no colder than what we are having. Four mile walk - up fjord. Developed 3 rolls films. Captain filled a tooth for me - The Arctic must be getting into our news for a discussion this morning among Captain, Jot and me over the use of the terms "Cornd" and "salt"beef came to some rather harsh words between Captain and me and then between him and Jot. Captain had been mostly out of the.

argument, but after jot and (143 I were through I asked him (G.C.) for some information on the subject. He would not give it, very bluntly saying that he did not want to get into the argument. Presented his brusque manner - but he meant no offence and I ought not to have taken any. 7 December Thursday B,O; C1,O; C1,O; B,N2; B,O. are 1.6° 3°; -5°; -1°; +8°; 3°. min -9°; max +10° Arkleio, Etookashoo and Taughingwah ar- rived from Ooloogset soon after Tom breakfast - ca 9 a.m. with mail from Elk and what had been brought by the "Dammak" This vessel reached Oornah on 23 September and is frozen in there. I received 16 letters and 1 cablegram in all Moc and Captain also had letters. And there was a bundle of 23 Indepen- dents for me. These papers have been literally devoured by all hands to-day - a regular debauch. Soon after these men come in, Mayah and his whole family arrived from Anorostok; hence we now are the most northern people in the world unless there are some north of us in Spitzbergen. Accommodingquah has built a snow igloo at lower edge of bank for me to use as an observatory.

8 December. Friday. (144 3,0; 13,0; 13,N1; 13, 82; 13,6 av.-7.54° -8°; -8°; -10.6°; -2°; -9.10 Min -12°; max +4° Nucaqpingwah and Ooblooyah arrived this morning having come through from Igloodahanne (55 ± miles) in the march. The ice is in exception- ly fine condition now. Sigdly has lost his right foot and wjured his back through from a glacier near Kangardlooksuah. He mashed the foot so severely that Dr. Hunt, who was hurriedly gotten up from Domanah, took it off at the ankle. Sigdly is at the missionary house and is recovering. able to sit up now. Early this afternoon I took my usual four-mile walk, this time crossing the fjord and circling westward in the return. Magnificent weather. Nucaqpingwah papered the ceiling of my room with seismograph paper this afternoon, to its great improvement in illumination and cheerfulness. This evening he has started for Littleton Island after eggs although he has slept but little to-day and his dogs have not had the rest that they should have had after their journey hither. 9 December Saturday. 13,N1; 13,N1; 13, N22; 13, N2; 13,N3 av. -7.02° -8°; -10°; -6°; -6.2°; -4.90 min -12°; max -1° Writing letters. Did not go walking.

10 December. Sunday. Ice 32° [145] 13,N5; 13,NS; 13,NS; B,S&I; 13,N&Y av.-10.20 -6.5°, -12°; -12°; -9°; -11.8°. min -26°; max -3° Finished my letters and Mac gave the pack- age to Accommodingwah to take to Omahah. I gave the Estinos the last two little plugs of Uppennick to- bacco that I had. He is much pleased to be the mail carrier. Eight cannatikks got away at 5:40 p.m. for the ship. Enalat finally in- sisted on going with Accommodingwah and Kaniahtsuah. Panikpah and Ahtooongwah and Kakotah also went - and the visitors in- cluding Mayah. Nicarping- uah went along to visit his traps along the Crystal Palace cliffs and two of the boys will hunt rabbits. Quite an exodus. Sixth perfect day in succession. Walked over to Bog Island and back before dinner. Venus is wonderfully brilliant. Last evening Mac spoke again of Fitz's having with my permis- sion opened some of his (Mac's) personal packages at North Star Bay and given the contents to the Estimos. I demanded more specific information and the matter seemed to simmer down to one package of cheap jewelry without Mac's name on it.

I said that I did not know (146 that any of Mac's personal packages were in the large box of museum trading material. He said that I ought to have known all that was in the box. This would require a good memory indeed, but my belief still is that there was nothing of Mac's personal material in that packing case and that the small package of watches or cheap jewelry was bought by the museum - I said that I would not and did not intentionally give Fitz any permission to open any of Mac's personal packages. This must be looked into when I get home. 11 December, Monday 13, N26; 13, N25; C2, N26; 13, N26; 1/3, N26 av. -15.3° -16°; -14°; -16.2°; -14.6°; -16°, min -18.5°, max -8° Read geology re - Developed 2 rolls. Walk of two miles. Windy. Some snow drifting. But we had six days of calm or nearly calm clear weather. 12 December, Tuesday 13, N25; 13, N24; 13, N25; 13, N4; 13, N4 av. -19.78° -18.2°; -19.5°; -20°; -21.2°; -20°, min -21.5° max -14.5°

Three mile walk across fjord. (147 The layer of driving snow, which was close to the ice and about a foot high, was prac- tically continuous at one time and its upper surface presented under the slanting rays of the moon, the ap- pearance of a broad mass of cloud when viewed from a mountain top. Our arguments now pertain large- ly to the war and we based on the brig- dee of 23 Independents (up to 13.III.16) which some one kindly sent me by the "Danmark". Just is the life of these discussions and his talk is very funny sometimes. He is a keen one though, all right. 13 December. Wednesday. C1, N25; C2, N27; M, N28; 0, E8; S, E7 Av. -13.79° -18°; -14.4°; -14°; -10°; -12.5°; min -20.5° max -9° The strong wind has made the day less agreeable than its predecessors and a real storm has developed this evening. A two mile walk was plenty, the wind being very keen and strong out in the fjord. Could not stand still against the heavier gusts. Developed 3 rolls of films. Captain has eaten but little today and has kept to his room with the door closed. Thought perhaps he was sick but concluded that he was resting after being up late last night. One of Ahrensak's pups was killed by a big dog last night. She offered it to us as a delicacy. We did not accept, save for a small amount wh. Mac and I eat at dinner. Tasted good,- like ten- der young chicken.

14 December Thursday, (148 S, E8; S, E8; S, E7; O, E,7; S, N25 max -8.5° -10°; -10°; -12°; -13.3°; -10.5°. min -14° av. -11.16° Bad storm. Very thick & dark. Did not go out for my usual walk - Etookashoo drew for me on a map a line showing the route traversed by himself, Dr. Cook and Ahpelah in 1908-1909. "Two sleeps" out on Polar Sea ice north of Cape Thomas Hubbard & back to Cape in one march. Developed 3 rolls - 15 December Friday S, N28; S, N27; S, N23; S, E3; S, O. av. = +4.48° -9°; -7.5°; -5.9°; -2°; +2°, min -10°; max +2° The bad storm was even worse to-day. The darkness at noon was that of a very dark night at home. Did not go out for walk. Even the Eskimos stayed mostly in their igloos, the Noocarpingvalh went over to Starr Island for meal eate in the afternoon when the storm was less severe. Developed 2 rolls films Began work on Eskimo vocab - relary. weight, 180 1/2 lbs {Angora sweater worst woven shirt skin pants underwear icamites 16 December Saturday - O, E1; O, O; B, N1; B, N25; B, N26 10°; 9.5°; 8°; 10°; 2°; min +2 max +12° av. 7.9° Up to Peahwato's Point for walk. Not much fresh snow in fjord. Dark

17 December. Sunday. Ia 35 1/2" (149 C8,SE3; O,SE3; S,SE4; S,SS4; 3,O 6.50; 50 ; 60 ; 50 ; 7.30 min 1.90, max 8.50 av 6.40 Out at noon for walk, but found wind so strong out in fjord that I went out across to Leedland beyond Dog Island and back. since my netska gives my face no protection Two miles. Very dark, clouds hiding the southern sky. Still reading Independent, which I find very interesting - who sent them, wonders. 18 December. Monday S,N2; O,E1; C3,N3; C3,N34; B,N56 av. +0.90 5.50 ; 2.50 ; -10 ; -3.50 ; 00 min -3.90 ; max +10 Four mile walk (Peachwahto's Point) low faze a tings. Drift and duck- Finger, Jo's pup that got caught in a fox trap at Star Island 10 days or 2 wks ago, suffers much pain in her foot. It got bruised and probably frozen and the dog is probably ruined. Too bad. Some work on C. L. E. Relief. Mac put two 1/4" pipes thru the wall in his room for purposes of ventilation. If the scheme works I am going to imitate him. 19 December. Tuesday. av. -3.50 C6,N56; C5,N56; O,N4; B,N6; B,N53. max 00 -0.80;-3.40;-2.40; -50; -8.90; -60 min -6.70 I differ from above "Official" weather report in that on my 3 mile walk up fjord I found the cloud (due to driving snow) at the hour absent and the skies nearly clear and almost no wind beyond our river, until I got off the side valley this side of Peachwahto's Point. Some developing - 4 rolls.

20 December. Wednesday. (150 13,N4; 13,NE4; C4,NE4; C3,S SE2; 13,NS5 av.-7.66 -4.50; -6.50; -9.20; -80;-10.30 min -11.9 max -40 Two mile walk enough for me, the wind being keen. Faint orange hues along southern horizon at mid- day. Sarenik and Munishoo (his bride) Ahkpooshao and Eneniah arrived from the south before dinner with letters 40 and boxes from Oo- Marrah. Boxes contained flour, sugar, butter, tea &c., some books and groceries. Three hatchets, 8 pocket knives, 11 tea spoons of my old trading material - all turned over to Mac. Trading material, apparently from Fitz: 2 woolen scarves, 4 men's caps, 1 doz pencils, 4 small bottles cologne, 1 doz cakes toilet soap, a few yards each of canton flannel, and two pat- tens of gingham. I turned all this too over to Mac. Of Fitz's treat there remained 2 tins of sweet biscuits, 1 box cigars and 21/2 lbs chocolate,- to be divided among us four. 21 December. Thursday. 13,NS6; 13,NE4; 13,NW6; 13,NE4; 0 SE av.-17.24° -130;-170;-180;-190;-19.20 min -21.50 max=7° Only a two mile walk, on account of the wind, which was worse than yesterday out in the fjord. Faint orange hue along south- ern horizon & greenish light effects of the twi- light was detectable about 200 upward. Mac calculates that the winter solstice comes here to night at midnight (11:57 p.m.), hence we are now half

way through the winter nights. (1/51 The room being absent (new on the 23rd) we are getting the maximum of darkness at noon to-day and to- -morrow. Glad that to-day was such a beautiful cloudless day so that we got the full benefit and can com- pare it with a clear night at home. It is nights all nights here at noon now. Captain put a cement filling into lower left first biscuit this morning. This evening I bored four 1¼

it was yesterday. Did not feel (152 the cold, since I wore my bearskin pants as well as my koolatah, and my kaniks were dry. Talked with Mac this evening about Elk's boxes and, in view of the ex- cellent packing described by Elk in his letters of 3 Dec., advised against unpacking them; urged Mac to make sure that the boxes, the other, as well as Elk's, be put, this spring before any thawing takes place, in to a safe dry place where no water can get at them. He said that he would surely attend to the matter and that he was expect- ing to fix up the electrical work so that it would answer the pur- pose thoroughly. 23 December. Saturday 13, N 6; E1, N 6; B, N 6; B, N 6; B, N 6 av -30.02, -290; -300; -290; -310; -31.10 min -32.9, max -28 Took my usual 2 mi. walk this morn- in spite of cold and wind. I was care- ful to avoid facing the wind and I did not mind the cold at all, dressed in my full furs as I was. The wind was not quite as strong as yes- terday, but it was bitterly cold to face. The pups have not reappeared and it seems certain that they were eaten by the big dogs, since Mac found blood splattered over the inside of your snow cave.

24 December. Sunday - Ice 38" (15/3 13, N66; C2, N66; B, N87; B, N86; B, N86 av. -32.84 -33.5°; -34.8°; -31°; -31°; -33q. Min -36; max -27 Took my two mile walk to-day although the temperature was the same as that which knocked me out at Cape York last January and a half-gale of wind was blowing, whereas it was calm down there then. No bad affect, be- cause I was properly clothed today, and I am probably and apparently in better physical condition than I was a year ago. Talked over the foxskin matter with Mac this afternoon again, in view of Peter's letter asking that the foxskins which are to be handed over to the Cape York Committee by the Expedition (museum) be sent down to Thule this winter. He a- greed to help me classify the skins so that I can send the surplus" down by two of our men next month - we are to overhaul the skins on Tues- day next. We also made out a list of the things that we want from the "Danmark" and from the supply goods left with Peter by E & K. 25 December. Monday - B, N5; B, N3; B, N4; B, N5; B, N84 av. -28.7 -36.5°; -29.5°; -27.4°; -30°; -25 Min -35.8 max -24 The pups came back last night, to our joy. They had been over at Provision Point 4 days! Hungry little fellows!

We celebrated Christmas '154 in a way in spite of rather heavy hearts. To-day was far pleasant for Captain Corner and me than it was a year ago. I gave each of my associ- ates a half sovereign at breakfast. Late in the day Captain Corner gave each of us some of his ivory carvings. My piece was a polar bear which he made recently. Mac received a nice series similar to what the captain gave me last summer - Kayak, whale and whal & . I gave akneuk + were later lost. Took my two-mile walk at noon, although the thermometer stood higher than yester- day, the day seemed colder. Had a fine dinner in honor of the day, though it was not as elaborate as the one on Thanksgiving Day. Each photo- in the morning after doing out the work, we-we dressed up in her South Greenland finery and came around to each of us in turn, shak- ing hands and giving us good wishes for the day. after dinner all the Eskimos came in and we had games and trials of strength and agility, both kabloo dance and circuit style. The Eskimos are very fond of games of all kinds, their own sports this evening consisted of pulling contests for the most part. Mac is first-rate at managing such an evening, being sprightly and energetic in manner, agile and athletic, full of knowledge of games he that can be played in a gym- nasium. He was the life of the park. Kahda, Megiss'ook and the big boys had a wonderfully good time.

26 December, Tuesday 4,N3; S, N3; S, N3; S, N3; O, N2 13 av. - 21.5 - 24; - 21; - 18; - 22 - 22.5. Min - 28; max - 15.8 Took my two mile walk between 2 & 3 p. m. Dark and not very pleasant, tho' there was very little wind and the snow did not a - mount to anything. Had long talk with Mac between noon and 2 p. m. about expedition affairs. He professes the most complete devotion to the interests of the Museum and associ- ated institutions with reference to the ex- pedition and its affairs activities. He thinks that I was hasty with refer- ence to the furskins but he promises full help to enable the Museum and me to keep the promises made to Rasmussen and his committee. He says (with much apparent correctness) that he has been grossly misrepre- sented by the members of his staff with reference to the number of fox- skirts acquired by him and the man- ner in which they were gotten. I said that he ought then to insist on retrac- tions by the men. He charges Peter with much wilful misrepresentation of the expedition and his (Mac's) dealings with the eskimos; according to Mac's statements, Peter must have misrep- sented, or at any rate greatly, misunderstood me too. Mac's reports about what our men have said about my dealings and statements do not accord with my own recol- lection of the facts. Parts of conversa- tions seem to have been reported out of connection with their context and therefore in a wholly misleading way. Mac claims that 60 of the foxskins

really belong to him, having been 156 procured with personal gifts of his. He professed the willing intention to turn these over to the Museum ac- cording to the contract, but he wanted to know what would be done about these in carrying out the promises which I made to Rasmussen. He said that he considered that he was entitled to turn these back to the Eskimos in payment of debts to them. (Ex- pedition debts, I infer.) I said that the Museum would be willing to credit him with being the donor of the 50 skins which are to comprise the pelage 1C series. This seemed to be satisfactory to Mac. He is se- vere in his condemnation of the attitude maintained toward the Expedition and the Museum by Green and Tanquary, who failed to do what they came up here ostensibly to do. Green claimed that he and Allen were not responsible to or amenable to Mac and the Museum because they were employes of the Government and they were receiving no salary from the Expedition. I frankly told Mac that I thought that events had shown that Dr. Hunt's complaint regarding the amount of food at Etah had not the found- ation in fact that was claimed for it when it was made.

Mac started Ahreena at £57 work to-day on making a pair of bearskin pants for Captain Clive from one of the skins secured on the Finlay Sand trip last spring. We are using the South Greenland style club- burlamp made by Noocarfingware to supple- ment the light from our extensive living room. 27 December. Wednesday B,N3; B,N3; B,N4; B,NW4; B,N4 av -28.04 -27;-28.5;-29.5;-27.2;-28, Min -32.5; Max -19 Four mile walk. Pee-eh-wah-to's Point. Wind sharp off mouth of streamgorse near us, but none in lee of cliffs beyond. Light, strange to say; seemed weaker to day, in spite of cloudless sky - asked Mac to have for skins boys brought in today. He said "All right," but none of them have come in.* Mac + jot say that this is an unusually long-continued and severe cold spell for Etoh, especially for December. Had to retire my lump to-day be- cause chimney is too far gone to be clean- ed. Am using a lantern. Captain has today fixed up his chimney very well by making a network of fine wire over part of it. Does not seem as if the plan would be practical for mine. Moon-i-shoo came in this evening wearing a new anorok, made from some plaid gingham that Mac gave her for Christmas - on Samurick's account, I suppose. Mac brought in two boxes during evening 28 December. Thursday, B,N4; C1,N4; B,N4; B,N4; B, N23 -25;-27;-27.5;-29;-31.2. Min -33.9; Max -22 av. -27.9

Seismograph works steadily (1/58 and seems to fairly sensitive but no earth tremors or shocks have been recorded, unless there was one on the 13th, which did not look to me to be quite like an earthquake record. Mae brought in two more boxes of foxskins today to warm up a bit before we open them. Out for three mile walk this beauti- tiful day, going up fjord as usu- al on account of the direction of the wind. Light seems slow in coming back this writer. Began developing plates. Mae reports the rate of the chronom- etter as being + 4/10 sec per day. For many days (18) the observations of 19 days indicate that the seismo- graph clock is now running with a regular loss of between 0.1 & 0.15 sec. per day, i.e. the loss as com- pared with the chronometer is between 0.2 & 0.25 sec. per day. Prob- able this is as close running as can be expected under the conditions under which the clock must work. & Took a note that I rebuilt snowgloo for mae. 29 December. Friday. av.-25.78 B, N 7; C3, N 25; C4, N 26; C3, N 25; B, N 25 -30; -26; -26.3; -24.5; -22.1 min -32 max -22 Two mile walk at midday. Keen wind and driving snow disagreeable. Moon appeared above into this afternoon, nearly first quarter.

No carping was given me a (W) signed holder which he had carved out of walrus ivory to-day. It represents a polar bear on an ice berg (?) and is cleverly done, 30 December, Saturday. H, SW1; C2(H) SW1; 13, SW2; O, SW2!; O, SW3 av.-14.56 -14; -13.9; -15; -14.9; -15 . min -24.2 max -11.2 traced two miles across fjord between 2+3 p.m. Seems fine to have moonlight again and it is a comfort to think that when this moon wanes the day- lighr will be getting pretty strong and useful. In the evening Mac and I over- hauled and he classified the fox skins in 6 of the boxes. There are only 119 by count thus far. We are departing them into three lots: a series of 50 to illustrate variation in pelage from blue to white, a reserve of 70 skins from which tab petaks may be made if agreeable to K.R. to modify the arrangement between him and me, and a third lot comprising the remainder of our skins, which is to go to Peter now. Iot repeated a statement he made some time ago. Jot said this evening that Mac left nine boxes of skins with him in Feb., 1914, when the first start for Crocker Land was made.

He said that there were nailed 60 up and that there were three more which were not closed. Jerome had told me at the "Cluett" that there were 8 or 9 boxes of foxskins left in Jot's hands by Mac when the start for Crocker Land was made, and that he knew because he sealed them. Mene told me last winter that he counted 9 boxes of foxskins left behind thus by Mac. Mac, however, declared before Jot this evening that these statements could not be true because there were not more than 60 or 70 skins at headquarters at that time all of which had been gotten with his own personal trad- ing material. He then consider- ed them to be his own, but later he came to see that they were not his according to the contract and he reported them all, with subsequent acquisitions, to the museum. Jot made no reply. 31 December. Sunday. Ice 40 1/2" O, SW 3; O, SW 4; C3, NW 4; B, NW 3; B, O. av. -15.6 -14; -13.4; -15; -17.5; -18.2 Min. -18.8; max -11 Three mile walk at midday - Went over last two boxes of skins with Mac. These contained together 48 skins, making a total of 167 in the eight boxes. Added the poor white which was rejected last May by

Peter - Grand Total 168 - of which (161 7 are cub skins & therefore not wanted by K.R. and 4 blue and 1 white are minus the tail, while one is the poor white just mentioned. Mac completed the Museum pelage series, making some changes from the first selection, but keeping the number at fifty. Ahner- nak then went over the blues & grays in 49 for kahpetahs. This selection with the 18 whites and the seven little ones makes 74 skins reserved for the making of these garments, sub- ject to Mr. Rasmussen's approval. The remaining skins - blues and grays, - 44 in number, were then done up by Ahnernak and packed by me in two tin dog biscuit boxes ready to be sent down to Qonnerak at the first opportunity. My weight to-day, 177 1/2 lbs. 1 January, 1917. Monday, B, N4; B, N4; B, N4; B, N2 ; #, O av. - 18 -18; -18; -16; -19; -19. Min -20.4; max -12.5 A beautiful day in every way. Took a load of furs over to the power boat & then filled out a four mile walk, going up the fjord. Little or no wind. The ice foot is strongly ridged at Pro- vision Point, but the power boat is all right. At dinner we drank to health and

happiness of our friends at home! (62 our own success in getting out this year, The success of leaders and staff of the C.R.S. the prosperity and honor of our country and for an enduring peace in the world all in the last drops of the whiskey That I brought away from Sydney. This evening I string the Museum Pelage series into five bunches of ten skins each and labeled each "Pelage Series - A.M.N.H." complete record of foxskin boxes: 1- 19 blues + 2 whites = 21 2- 16 " 1 " 17 3- 19 " 2 " 21 4- 14 " 0 " 14 5- 26 " (little ones) 3 " 29 6 - 6 " 4 " 17 The blues include 19 grays, 4 of wh were later transferred to the whites, making the numbers 96 + 23 respectively. 3 Blues lack the tail. 6 blues are cub skins. 1 white lacks the tail. 7- 24 blues 31.XII 8 - 24 blues (1 without tail x 1 little one) Added the four white skin rejected by Peter last May + whole collection comprises - blues 129 (4 w. no tail) (6 little ones) grays 15 whites 2 (very poor) 168 Pelage series 50 Kahpetah " 74 Residue 44 sent to Rasmussen to be

Late in the evening Mac in my (163 presence placed the tin boxes into their wooden cases, which he nailed up and I addressed to “P. Frenche or C A Hansen, N Umenak”. 2 January. Tuesday H, E 2; H, N 22; B, N 2; H, N 2; B, N 23 av-13.2 -12; -11; -14; -14; -15. Min-19. Max-10.5° Early this morning Panikpuk and wife, Kakotiar and Mayak and wife arr. from North Star Bay bringing letters for me from Rasmussen and Captain Hansen. I spent most of day and evening composing answers and a letter to Peter to accompany the furs. Took load of furs over to Power boat. Mac took two loads over and drove nails into the deck beams on which to hang them. I secured slide by means of wire. 3 January. Wednesday B, N 2; B, N 2; B, 0; B, N 1; B, 0 av., -18.12 -17.6; -16; -19; -20; -18. Min-21, max-12.8° A wonderfully beautiful moonlit day. Revised and typewrote my letters to Rasmussen, Peter and Hansen. Arklis took the two boxes of furs and Ahtkfoodisaosook took the letter. They with their families got away for Oomanaq ca 4:30 p.m. accompanied by Emerwak who is going home to

Ooloqer and Novarhing was (164 who is going to Silawahdi - I took the last load of furs over to the boat and wired the companion way slide more securely with heavy copper wire. Mac says that the arrangement is perfectly safe. I walked on out to Starr Island and back, enjoying the beautiful even- ing. Megiss'ook has been stunting around the house for two days, sweating in the pretty new kahfetah wh. Abaneenah has just made for her. 4 January. Thursday - 13, N 4; 13, N 4; 13, N 4; 13, N 2 4; 13, N 4 av.-10.2 -11; -11; -10; -9; -10 min-20.9; max-8.9 Two mile walk. Wind gusty and keen out in fjord making the day much less comfortable than yesterday. Developed a half-dozen plates. 5 January. Friday 13, N 4; 13, N 4; 13, N 2 6; 13, N 2 6; 13, N 2 7 av.-1692 -15; -14; -17; -19.5; -19.1 min-20, max-9 Magnificent weather continues, but wind in fjord was stronger and keener than yesterday. I started on my two mile walk wearing my khalci ka- dikshah under my kooletah, but soon found that insufficient and came back and changed to my "Icelandish" sweater. Copying P.S.B. weather record for Mac. Developing plates.

6 January. Saturday. (165 O,N4; O,N24; O,N24; C9,SW2; C9,O av.-14.14 -14.6; -13; -14; -14; -15.1. Min -21.2; max -12.2. Developing Upermink plates. Copying weather record etc. Beautiful day. Took my two mile walk between 11+12 p.m. Moon nearly full. Sleey clouds covered sky thinly No wind. Ginger's two toes have came off but her foot is not well yet. 7 January. Sunday. Ice 45" B,0; C1,0; A,O; O,H,S,Ø21; S,0. av.-13.06 -16; -17º; -14.8; -9; -8.5. min-19; max -6.2 Quiet day - Some of our Eskimos - Myak and Jopoungwak, anyhow - have gone up to Ankorotok. Ettook a look too I think. Finished Arabian Nights ! Took 3 + mi walk betw. 5:30+7 h. very lazy , but full moon visible. Mac played a fine 1½ hour con- cert on victrola in the evening. 8 January. Monday B,N4; B,N4; B,N4; B,N5; B,N3 av - 9.32 -13.5; -13; -8 ; -4; -8.1; min-16; max -3.2 Total eclipse of moon 2-4 a.m. The Eskimos had one on us, because they saw it and we didn't. They seemed to think that three might be one this month and Ahtook.. Joonquawk happened to come out of his igloo last night as the moon en-

tered the hemmambu at about (1/66 10 o'clock, she roused the natives and most of them were out to see it. Two mile walk early this evening Wore my netsha, but my face got pretty cold, so on my return I got Mum-i-s'oork to put a face roll on it, using the fox tails that Oo- taxi's mother gave me a year ago as a face protector. She also cut my mansak's apart and fixed them up with tapes. 9 January. Tuesday.. N, NS; B, NS; B, O; B, O; CI, W3 Av. -11.2 +12.5; -9; -13; -11.4; -10.1. Min -13.8; max -4 Two mile walk before dinner. Wore netsha and found it all right with its face roll. Wonderful weather. Sun- light getting noticeably stronger at midday. Developed plates. Worked on

I find the last combination na - (167) they warm for walking even at -30° + windy ; but it is all right for sledding, even at -10° or higher. 10 January. Wednesday. O,N 3; C2, N2; O,N 2 4; O,O; O,O av,-7.44 -6; -9; -3.5; -9.2; -9.1 min -11.3; max -4.6 Somehow on C.L.S Relief article. Four mile walk (Pee ah wahto's Point) in evening. Myak returned. Captain suggests that a "slop chest" would be a good thing to have on an expedition of this character, from which the staff would have been able to secure by purchase articles, that they desired to give to the Eskimos in return for personal services and favors. 11 January. Thursday. O,O,N,W 2; O,W5; S,W4; O,O; E,S, N E 2. 0°;3°;1.6;0;-3 min -9.1 max +3 av -.32 Two mile walk at midday. Wind was SW 3-4 out in fjord. Not too dark to see one's footing, although the sky was overcast. Between 6+7 this morning there ar- rived from the south Accommoding- wak & Enaloo, Kahweeahksnah, Nwo- carpingwak; Poadloon (Kungard- looksnah), Jatiak and Eriddoo + their two children and his brother Eenweto. great excitement for Accommodingwak brought letters from Etc containing many items of news from Europe & America. Etookasook came in today from north.

12 January. Friday, 1/68 B,N E3; B,N E6; B,E6; B,E6; B,N E8. Av.-9.86 -6.5;-12.5;-10;-10;-10.3. min.-12.5 max.-2.4 Two mi. walk at midday. Found wind very strong and gusty in the middle of the fjords, but my netsha gave me sufficient protection. Copying weather record. Developing plates_ Tried to explain to Sammik, Kahday Ahngo soongwah; Fatim and Accommodingwan, and Myak the working of the seis- mograph. They were much interested in seeing the needles mark the minutes and more when I touched the heavy mass, but I wonders what motion they received of the apparatus. Quite a gale is raging at 10 p.m. 13 January. Saturday. B,N E7; B,N E7; B,N E7; C5, E7; W,N E4 Av.-206 -8;-4;-1.2;0;2.9. min.-8° max +3.5, Took my two mile walk at midday in spite of the gale that was raging through the fjord. Move my kooltah, which made considerable sail to carry in such a breez. Worked on my P.S.B. weather record. Ahwee goodlah's baby boy arrived this a.m. She is not more than 14 yrs old, an

exceptionally early age for an Eskimo girl to have a child. She is sister to Sammik; Kahda and Chew Eqineqnah 14 January. Sunday - Ice 48" C3, E6; C3, S4; C4, S4; S, S4; S, O. 2; 1; 1; 13; 1.5 min - 2.5; max + 13.2 Av. + 3.5 Three mile walk a midday. Wind fresh, but nowhere near as strong as yesterday. Etookasook and Alniak have been been doing some washing to-day in preparation for the approaching Exodus of natives. Developed some plates this evening - a quiet Sunday 15 January. Monday. C, N 2; C7 NW 2; C7, S 2; C1, N 2; B, N 2.3. 1; 8; 6; 2; O. min - 2; max + 9; Av. + 3.4 Walk of 3+ mi at midday, but I found the wind SW or SSW in the fjord be- yond our own ice foot.. It seemed to me to be calm or almost so at the house. Weight 1.30 p.m. 175 1/2 lbs.. Finished copying my Parker Snow Bay and North Star Bay weather records into Mac's book. Developed plates in evening. A thweek goodtar and her baby were in this evening.. Both look well.. Loetter weighs ca 6 1/2 lbs net.. Now two days old.

(170) 16 January. Tuesday. B, N5; B, N27; C4, N25; C6, N27; B, N27 av -3.3 -2; +1.5; -1; -8.5; -6.5 min -8.7; max +2.5 Started on my unsuccessful south- ward journey a year ago today. Two mile walk at mid day rendered rather disagreeable by the snow driving before the fierce wind. The upper part of the lowest and thick- est layer of drifting snow gives a curious optical effect like that of swiftly flowing water. Another effect is that of the top of a cloud as viewed from above. Spent some time in C.L.E. Relief. Read much in Norton's geology. Developed some plates in evening. 17 January. Wednesday. B, N5; B, N6; B, N8; B, N8; B, N2.6 av -16.2 -11; -16; -18; -17.5; -18.5 min -18.5; max -5 Two mi walk at midday - some drift. Wind near dogs. NE 8 with strong gusts. Wind increased in afternoon and then was much drifting snow in the air. Inaloo brought in this morning a pair of fox skin trunks that she had just made for Lizzie in an- anticipation of the proposed trip of Mewe and family to Oomanaak. The gar- dment is cute enough. Inaloo is a good step-grandmother for in ad- dition to Lizzie's trunks she has made a pair of bear skin kunnit putes for gloosuahmi.

18 January, Thursday, (171) S, N28; S, N28; S, N28; S, N28; S, N28. a.m. -18.8 -18; -19.5; -21; -18.5; -16 min -71, max -15 Regular blizzard has raged all day, but the Eskimos said about 9 p.m. that the stars were beginning to come out. Put on my kooletah at noon and started out for my usual walk but I found the storm so bad and the air so thick with driving snow that I did not go off the bank. I walked around the house and came in- dors again to continue reading "The People of the Polar North". I finished the interesting book early this evening and wrote a letter to its author. We had great sport this evening with a trick bottle based on the old "bottle imp" of experimental physics. Mac rigged up the contrivance last night with a bent glass tube entering a cork but not penetrating it, a short piece of tube being let into the underside of the cork so that it looks as if the long tube entered the bottle. One blows into the tube to make the imp go down, but it will not go because the pressure is not trans- mitted. The bottle should have flat sides. The imp will descend if one squeezes the bottle. Accommo- ding Quak and Mayak got quite ex- cited over their efforts to drive the imp down.

19 January. Friday. 13, N5; C4, N5; B, N5; B, NE5; B, NE3. av. -11.3 -13.5; -12.5; -12; -11.5; -7. min -16.2. max -6. The storm lasted till after midnight but to-day has been a good day. I walked up to Pe-ah-wah-to's Point and back, 4 mi., in comfort, wearing my netia. The gale must have been fierce in the fjord yesterd day for not only is little if any new snow left, but also much of the old snow adhering to the ice has been torn off and carried out to sea leaving large areas of bare or near- ly bare ice. Walked 1.15 to 2.45 p.m. This morning I cut down a partly used zinc plate from the Edison cell and fitted it into one of the carbon cells and the improvised battery works all right. Worked on vocabulary and devel- ping plates. 20 January. Saturday. C6, NE4; O, NE4; O, NE2; O, NE2; B, NE3 -11; -7; -3.5; -3; -5.5. min -11.5; max -2 av. -6 Calm in lee of hills beyond our river. Walked up a little beyond Pe-ah-wah-to's Pt. Worked on vocabulary. Developed a few plates. Mac walked out to edge of ice, which he reports as being in line with second island. Good prospects for next spring.

The bodies of two of his pups (1/23) were found to-day. They were the best two too. One got caught on the hill before the blizzard and was afraid to come down. Hunger and the storm finally drove him down, but he lost his way in the blinding snow and froze to death. The other, the biggest of Mac's brunch, got mixed up with some of the big dogs here and was killed. The half-eaten body was found on the ice or ice foot by Kah-wee-ahk-suah. 21 January. Sunday. Ice 50" B,N4; O,Nx7; C1,Nx7; B,Nx4; O,Nx4 -6;-7;-3.5;-4;-5.5-mix-9½+1½,Av -5½. Across fjord at midday, a two mile walk that was not very agreeable on account of the high wind and the smother of drift- ing snow in the air. Getting lights every day! Excitement to-day was the breaking out of a fire in We-We's igloo beneath the house. Igloosnahni was down there in Mayak's case, but the man went to sleep and the boy upset the stove or spilled the oil out of it somehow and set stuff on the bed plat- form afire. The smell of smoke a- wakened Mayak and he put out the blaze before much damage had followed. Dangerous all right!

showing the need of the eye - (174 stunt watchfulness that we ex- ercise. weight, in angost sweaters as usual, 175.5 22 January. Monday. C4, N2 6; B, N7; C6, E1; B, A, E2 -8; -12; 3; 3. min -12.8; max +8.1 Av -22. Two+ mile walk. Up fjord. Midday. Wind was very strong and keen till I got well past the river bed and under the lee of the great cliffs Then the wind was moderate and walking enjoyable in the bright- ing twilight. It does not take much daylight to surpass the best moonlight. Captain came in from taking the 8 p.m. reading saying that the sky was cloudless, but that there was considerable haze and some sorrow in the air. Quite a combination. Evidently the frost was forming in the lower air like dew. Some work on C.L.E. Relief. got to reading over some parts of Ben Hur. Inaloo brought over a netlane

(Netsha) which had just made (1/25 for Igloosuknuk and showed it to me with pride, the boy being in it. She is a good grandmother all right, though only a step-grandmother at that, having fitted out the children in full suits of skins for their trip to Umnak. Kahkotik finished his kamatik. 23 January. Tuesday, S,W 6; S,W 2; S,E 2; S,W 3; N 3, M 3 11; 12; 9; 9; 1/2 min 1-2; max 12-3 am 8.44 The snow storm which began before midnight last night has continued all day. When I went out at noon for my walk, I found 8 inches of light new snow on a level and the air so thick that I did not go very far – only 1 1/2 mi. I took a look at the power boat and found my wife seal- ing apparently untouched. I did this because Accommoding was last night reported hearing dogs at the boat. This hold up is a serious thing for the Eskimos and may be for us too. They are out of dog meat and are not able to get any acco- count of the ice conditions.

They have released their dogs (176 now and there are about 100 of the animals wandering around house and igloos looking for scraps. Dangerous business for the pups! Nellie (Jot's bitch) had pups within a day or two and evidently they have been eaten, for she was in the bunch of dogs that went with me on my walk today. Jot was going to kill them anyhow, hence he has been saved a dis- ageeable task. When I took our refuse can out this morn- ing to throw it away, it slipped out of my hands as I neared the brink of the bank and it was instantly pounced upon and buried out of sight by 25 or 30 snarling dogs, which de- voured its contents eagerly. 24 January. Wednesday. S, SE 7; O, W 4; C8, NE 4; Diff N 25; C8, NE 4 2; 4; 0.5; -2.5; +1.5 min -3; max +7 av. 0.9 disagreeable day, being murky and the air thick with vapor and drifting snow. Ca 1/2 mile was walk enough for me, the snow making progress laborious.

The snow-full may be put (17) [illegible] down as being about 12" for this storm. Drifting snow in good shape. Let it go! It can't go too rapidly for either us or the Eskimos, the meat supply being already low. Panik-puk is out of oil as well as meat. Akweeahgoodlak brought her baby over this evening in spite of wind and drift. He looked cute e- nough in his little fur bag, but he is almost destitute of clothing. Noted on C.L.S. Relief, vocabulary and developing [illegible]. Geology. 25 January. Thursday. S, NE 3; O, 0; C8, E 5; C8, NW 5; C5, NW 3 5; 8; 10; 8.6; 6.2. min -1.5; max 10.5 at 7.56 Several kamatics started for Wee- aurk-la-han-ri for meat this morn- ing and I rode out 1 1/2 mi. with Sammise, walking back through rather laborious footing. The Eski- mos were expecting to go overland some of the way on account of bad ice and spend at least me night away. They don't like the idea of having no food for their guests, above all things. C.L.S. Relief - Photos -

26 January, Friday. (178 0, N x 7; 0, N x 5; 0, N 6; C2, N 5; B, N x 5 8; 15; 5; 5.5; 5.8 min - 1/2 max 19.2 av 7.86 Up to Pee-wah-ton's Point about midday. Last nights strong wind blew all or almost all the new snow out of the fjord and the walk- ing is fine once more. Found the frozen body of one of Mac's purps that he lost a fortnight ago and brought it in. The skin will make good mittens and the rest good dog food. Calm or very little wind beyond our ice gorge. Following Mac's example, I have fitted a lantern globe to my old lamp and am getting better lights this evening than I have had for several weeks from the lantern that I have been using. saw never today for first time in many weeks. Two or three days ago Mac cut a hole through the outer (S.W.) wall of the old dark room and moved his transit in from the snow igloo (ig-loo-ee-an) under the bank, which has become useless through caving of the roof and damage by dogs. This evening he got his first observations from Lavender hue the new observatory now in sky

27 January. Saturday. (179 O, NE3; E3, NW4; C1, N4; C6, N4) 14; 15.5; 11; 12.5 min 3.5 max 17.5 av. 12.76 Two mile walk between 11+12 a.m. Too windy for more with comfort. NS-6 our in fjord. All the men got back from Wee-auk- do-how-ne to-day. Could not bring heavy loads of meat, because they had to come some miles of the way over land. Kah-ko-ti-ak got two hares to-day up the fjord, but the others who were hunting were not so fortunate. Called on Inaloo to-day and found the kind hearted woman making a Kehklik for her granddaughter Megiss'oo (not Ah-nee-na's daugh- ter). Developed flats. Tried tank with 6 tablets in 26 ozs water and 12 min time with good results. 28 January. Sunday - Ice, 52". O, NE 2; O, NE1; F, NE2; O, NW 4; B, NS 11; 11; 10; 20; 9, min 6.8; max 24.5 av. 15.25 Three+ mile walk in outer fjord. Man- ple of snow 3-6 inches thick still lies over most of surface making walking laborious. Crossed track of wolf near inner island, same as reported yesterday by the returning Es- kimos. Not started for Starr Island for meat but did not get there on ac- count of open water, which he re-

encountering off the inner (180 most island. The seal mear as baked today by We - We was first rate, lacking the disagreable flavor (due to its being killed while rutting?) which the flesh of the same carcass has had thus far. She has some Eskimo trick for get- ting rid of that flavor. Meat is too scarce just now to permit our giving this seal away, as we should like to do. My weight today before dinner 176.5 lbs. 29 January. Monday. 13 NW S; C9, N4; O, N4; O, N4; O, N2S 1/2.16 15; 14; 15.5; 10.5; 5.8. min, 4.5; max, 19.1 W To Pee wahtoix's Point, 4 mi walk. Midday. Calm in lee of cliffs beyond the river gorge. Mac went out along north shore and back our land - Reports ice out just beyond Pro- vision Point and between the islands south of us. Says that he has not seen open water so far in at this time of year before, since he has been here. Finished reading Norton's geology - Am enjoying Bret Harte these days. Developed a box of plates. Noo karping wax reports that

"Ko-loo-teeng-was has (181) spread the statement along the mid- dle coast that he (K) is going a- cross Melville Bay with me this spring. This is a relief to my mind because Mac sent word to him for me that I wanted him to take the job of getting me to Upernivik in April and I have been get- ting anxious to have K. come in so that arrangements might be perfected. Mac thinks that he is only on his way hither now with Arclio and our supplies from Umeruk and that the party is held up below Cape Alexander by bad ice con- ditions. Noo-kar-ping-wak says that Egingwak suah, Egingwak paluk and Iago (Pingasut) took their wives with them when they went south with Rasmussen, Ekblaw and Hunt. He thinks that Ek went with the smaller Nehitalaho (Harrigan) and not with Egingwak paluk. N. says he does not believe that Peter was able, physically, to go south this winter at all.

30 January Tuesday (182 B, NE7; C2, NE7; C1, NE7; B, NE6; B, NW7 0; -3; 0; -6°; -8.9; min -9.1, max +6. av. -3,5° The strong wind made me keep my midday walk down to two miles. Went diagonally across the fjord to the rough ice east of Dog Island. Came across my foot prints of several days ago in the hard snow which has been cleared of the snow of the more recent storms. This has been an off day with the Captain. Apparently he is not feeling well physically, but he seems to resent any inquiries as to his health. I tried it this morning. Worked on my C.L.E. Relief article this morning. Developed plates this evening. Read "New Lives for Old" by William Carleton. He gives an interesting account, said to be based on facts, of what can be done toward reviving an old New England farming community. 31 January Wednesday B, W6; B, N6; B, NS; B, NS; B, NES -5; -5.5; -2; -4; -1 min -8.9; max +1.2 av. -3,5° Three miles. Midday. North Shore. Wind keen. Daylight growing stronger rapidly. Only Venus + moon visible at noon, also Arcturus - Estrelos got 12 hours to-day. They are happy. Developing & developing photos.

1 February. Thursday. (183 B, NWS; B, N4; B, N4; B, N4; B, N3 1.5; 1.5; -3; -3; -2. min -5.8; max +3 av. -1 a beautiful day in every respect. Fine walk at midday, going to Peewah- to's Point. No wind beyond our valley shore. Moon magnificent in the pale purple (lavender) nor- them sky. Some burnt orange color along southwestern horizon. Venus and Arcturus visible. Jupiter too near horizon to be seen at noon. C, L, E. Relief article + photos. Estkinos got 9 kares to-day. Mac could read thermometer at noon without using lantern Nuaq's wife's name is Noo-ee-kung- waq. Sons: Ah-wee-gee-aq and Ah-yu-poonq-waq and ahug-o-soong-waq. ah-wee-ah-good-lo's baby has been named So-koq after a noted whale hunter. Tatiag's wife is Ewiddo (Eweddo) children Elkalinna. (3 or 4) and Yah Koberna (1 1/2) yrs His brother is In-tu-taq Inutoq Igloosuahini appeared to-day in his first kooltah; another

of his grandmother Ina[illegible]/184 contributions to his comfort and outfit for the delayed journey to Oomanag 2 February - Friday- N,N4; N,NE4; N,N4; N,N4; N,N.6 -0.5; 1; 1; 0°; -2.1. min -6.1; max +2.9 av. -0.12 Another beautiful day, though windier along the north shore, where I took my three mile walk at midday, than it was yesterday. C.L.E. Relief. Photos &c. Eskimos report seeing a wolf ca ¼ mile from the house. They got some hares to-day, Sammit bringing two. The fun is excellent now. Mac cleared snow-drift from shed roof in front of his window and also the neighboring window of the dining room. Sammit and Munnis'off have been using the old dark room as their igloo for a week or so. A night or two ago the young folks had great sport in Ahk-hood-i-sa-o-s'oq's (?) igloo, Odee going through some kind of mock marriage with the new couple. My pulse 4 h. m. counts 50.

3 February. Saturday (185 13, N=6; 13, N=7; 13, N=7; 13, N=6; 13, N=6 -4,5; -4; -6; -6; -8,5 min -9, max +0,5 Av. -5,8 Two mile walk at midday. Crossed fjord to points beyond Dog Island. Found much stronger out in fjord than at and near the house. Accommodating way reports hearing the wolf beside the igloo just N.W. of the house last night. Great speculation among the natives as to who will get it. Mac cleared the snow drift away from the other dining room window. It is pleasant to breathe to see that there is daylight out door, but we shall probably notice a decrease in the warmth of the room. Iot took out one of the double windows and set a little oil stove on the sill to keep the frost off from part of the glass so that we can look out. The dogs seem to like to look in too. My pulse was 60 when I returned from my walk. Now - 10.30 p.m. it marks 50 again. I understand that the Eskimos have slow pulses. Etook a s'ooq, for example, 28 yrs old, showing 50 at one time and 60 at another. Sammik, 17 or 18 yrs old, has a pulse of only 46 or 48. Mac does not

notice any difference in his C86 own pulse from what it is at home. Nor does Captain Connor. 4 February. Sunday 13, E9; 13, E8; 13, E5; 13, E7? 13, N62 Ice 52" -10; -10; -5; -3; -6. Min -10; Max -1 My midday walk was about 1 1/2 miles long, and very laborious, the wind being strong than on any day when I have been out before. I kept near the north shore intending to go across the fjord fur- th-er up to Dog Island. But the gale roared so fiercely out in the middle of the fjord that I gave up the project. When I was leaning up against a gust of wind, its force suddenly lessened and my feet slipped out from under me, and I fell. Before I could get up again a still stronger gust struck me and blew me along prostrate as I was on the ice for 35 feet before a snow- stopped my progress and allowed me to rise. When the squall had passed I measured the distance over which I had been blown on the ice. I got back to the house a few minutes before Sammit, Kah-we-alk-prag and Kah-da started up the fjord with Mac's team rab- b-bit hunting. In about a half hour they were back, both the former lads having been blown down on the ice. Some wind! "Regular Etah weather," Mac says.

"This evening a pane of glass (187 in one of our front windows was pushed in by a dog which was on the roof of the sled struggling with an- other dog over a bone. The snow drift was cleared away too soon. Have been reading today Captain Jysso's account of the famous drift of himself and party on an ice floe from Littleton Harbor southward. A terrible journey. Developed a dozen feets this evening. The edge of the ice stretches across the fjord from abreast of the point facing the small islands. Our men have never seen it so far in so early in the year. 5 February Monday. 13, NE 4; 13, NE 3; 0, NE 4; 0, NES; 0, ES -8; -7; -1; +1; 0; min -9; max +6.1 a=3 Out to Radcliffe Island at midday. At 4 min walked the way I went. Ice is gone at least an eighth of a mile this side of point and almost all gone from Stuyes Harbor and southward. Open waters between Rad- eliffe & Knorr & Knorr & Stan Is- lands. I saw two seals in water near edge of ice, within easy rifle range, but I had no gun with me. Mac went up to cairn on thermometer hill found Temp. min -37.5, max +23.7 since 13 Nov. last. Captain took noon reading with- out using lantern.

6 February. Tuesday (188 C1, N3; C6, N3; B, NE6; B, NE5; C1, NE6 -1; +1; -5; -11.5; -12. Min -12, max +4.9 av. -5.7 Three mile walk afternoon. Look my gife this time, but saw no seals. Got saw two and thinks that he shot me. Will look for it tomorrow. Estsinos came back from Woe- owk-da-how-ni over the ice cap as they went, bringing some meat with them. Accommo- dingway says that the trip was cold and windy. Mun-i-p'oog has taught me the "fox" catcradle. Mac is getting a lot of these catcradles, Poo-ad-woo-nay being expert' at them. Kahkoting and Mun- i-s'oog are sewing them into cards for preservation. 68 now. 7 February. Wednesday. C, NE8; B, E7; B, NE7; B, NE9; B, NE6 -14.5; -20; -21; -18; -18. Min -21; Max -7 Three mile walk before dinner. Crossed fjord. East wind 8, and perhaps in the gusts. Tatiag told me about his trip alone across Melville Bay last March. Deep snow. Five dleeps.

70-day there has been a (189 fusillade of stores against the rear of the house. They are dislodged by the wind from the high raised beach back of us and roll down the steep snow slope. One 2" in diameter came crashing through a double win- dow into the workshop, letting in with it lots of cold air. No fire in our cooking range since about 8:30 this evening. Temp in my room at 11 p.m. is 47o,-a little cool but I do not mind it much. 8 February. Thursday. 13, N4; 13, NE5; 13, NE6; 0, NE7; 5, NE6 an/5, -18;-14;-18.5;-14;-14, min.-20.9,max.-10. Two mile walk at midday, working my way up north side of fjord against the keen wind, then out to middle of fjord above Dog Island and back to house. Wind NE and at least 5 in force out in the fjord. The Eskimos found it cold out rabbit hunting today, Kahda who served as "dog" frosting one cheek. Am reading Dr. Kane. Very interest- ing but sometimes inaccurate or greatly exaggerated. Max banked rear windows with blocks of hard snow

9 February Friday (190 B, N3; B, N5; B, N2; B, N4; B, N2 3 -14; -15; -13; -12; -7.3 min -16.1; max -6.9 Myaq and his family plus Anahdoo, Tatiaq and his family, Innutoq and Pooadloonaa, five kamutiks, got away for the south this morn- ing vid the ice cap. Their dogs were corny looking objects for lack of food. Painikping and Ahtooksoongua went up to the head of the fjord to hunt rabbits and get moss for stove wicking and I rode up with them. The wind was almost ahead and was very keen. I walked on across the flats and the lake to the front of the glacier, where I examined the roll of lake ice which has been formed by pressure from the mov- ing of the glacier since we were there late in October. This roll is in front of the northern one-half of the end of the glacier and is 9 or 10 feet high at its highest point. Mac has seen it larger than it is now and in the form of an open arch which he and others entered. Then I followed the Kommutikes' tracks along the south side valley of the glacier and overtook [illegible] Myaq and Pooadloonaa getting this party up to the top of the glacier where Mac and I and

our party went up last fall ('91) to set our stakes. The men had gotten two teams of dogs up by means of steps cut in the hard snow. Then both teams were fastened to a long piece of agloony, and having a comparatively level surface to work on, pulled two loaded sledges singly up the steep bank. Poodlouna fastened his almost empty kommatik to the second loaded sledge and then drove his team right up the side they getting aid enough from the tow to enable them to negotiate the slope. I went on up to our line of stakes. I thought that I could detect a sag in the middle of the line, but there was not light enough for me to see clearly and be certain. Here I found Latiaq and his party, after hearty good byes, I climb- ed down the glacier here and walked all the way home, - a good eight miles in all, I should think. Late ice is bare of snow and would furnish good skating.

Sammit and Munis'oo's /92 moved out of the old dark-room, where they have been living for some weeks, and into Ahneenah's igloo, where they will live with Ahweegeah and Ah- weeah goodlah. This change is made possible by Myaq's departure and is highly pleasing to us, because it reduces the chances of a fire in our house. 10 February. Saturday. O, N3; O, N3; S, W2; S, W2; S, O -4; -4.2; +0.5; +3; -2 min.-9; max.+4.1 Av.=+3.4 Oodee shot a seal at the edge of the ice this morning. He came back took Jot's kyak out and retrieved the seal. Great rejoicing in We-We's family. Kah koting also shot a seal, but it punk. Three mile walk. Provision Point to see whether motor boat is all right (apparently O.K.), then along edge of ice where the boys had been hunt- ing. Interested in apron of ice stretching out from old ice. It is about five feet wide and apparently wedge-shaped in section thus: water level

11 February. Sunday Ice 54.5

took care of photos today, (194 Sealing all the 32 boxes with cinger's adhesive plastra Put both wooden boxes into a corner of the seismo- graph room. Made trial develop- ments from the two motion pic- ture reels that I exposed at Par- ker Snow Bay last June and did up the reels in black paper, thus finishing the photo work that I have on hand now. Put away my paraphernalia and cleaned up my room. Had quite a call late this even- ing from Munnis'ooq and abo- weahgoodla, The latter's baby looks good and healthy. I wish that I could talk with these people!! They interest me. 13 February Tuesday 0,N2; S,N2; 0,N23; 13,Nr4; 0,N23 -4;-3;-3;-4,5;-8 min -10, max -1 Four of the Eskimos -- Etookas'ooq, Nookarpingwaq, Kahkotiah and Kahweahkonah -- got a seal each at the edge of the ice. Kahkotiah's contained a little white-coat, but it was too large, mac thought, to be worth while to try to preserve it, not knowing its age. Pretty little thing

Four mile walk at mid - (195 th day, going by way of the edge of the ice where the boys got their seals to the crest of the a saddle of the ridge overlooking the cove in which Dr. Hayes wintered. Flat calm over there. 14 February Wednesday C4,N16;C1,N16;O,N17;B,NS;B,N3 -11.5;-9.5;-9.5;-12.4;-12.Min-13.5;max-3.9 Midday walk of 2 1/2 miles. Wind was very keen out in fjord. Called on Munnis'ooq and Ahweah- goodla on my return! They have Ahnee- nak's igloo and it is a dismal look- ing place compared with what it was when Ahneerak was here. Mac climbed Thermometer Hill hoping to get a sight of the sun, but low clouds and fog hid the disc, if indeed refraction lifted it above the horizon. True de-clination would not bring it to the horizon until the 18th according to Mac's reckoning (I make it over the 19th). Have spent most of the day selecting words at Macabsalary work from Mac's book. Temps on hill - min. -28.2 max-2.5; today-13 Wind NNE 8

"Job fixed up for dinner" a (196 fine "smother" of seal meat and lugs with salt pork, potatoes and onions. We all enjoyed it. Kahweaksuch at my request brought me a lote of the liver of his seal, which I am keeping frozen to eat thus as a tidbit. 15 February. Thursday_ B, N 27; B, E 3; B, N 27; B, N 27; B, N 27 -17; -17; -19.8; -17; -14.1. min -16.2; max -5 Three mile walk after noon, across fjord. Wind ENE in frequent strong gusts (7 or 8). Southern sky very bright: Northern sky roseate in hue. Mac climbed Thermometer Hill again but did not see the sun, though conditions were some what better than they were yesterday. Strong red in south but sun did not penetrate the horizon mist. Temp. -23° and NE wind strong (8). Bad on the ice cap, Mac says. Worked mostly in vocabulary. 16 February. Friday O, N 27; C4, NE 6; O,S, NE 6; B, N 25; B, N 3 -17; -19; -19; -16.8; -14. min -21.3 max +9 Four mile walk at midday. Pee-wah- to's Point. Calm under lee of cliffs. Beautiful day, but Mac could not

see sun from top of thermometer (197 feet) Hill by reason of low fog. Temp. up there -23.50 Panikung, Ahtooksoongwa and Kahkotiah started for Anworotok overland this afternoon. As I watched the men packing their kalimatiks, I could not help thinking that Billy Hofor would consider them putters at the job. Nevertheless an Eskimo's sledge is a compact affair when he gets his load all lashed together. These fellows have some seals cached at Anworotok, hence they are going cut to feed their dogs and themselves and they hope to get a bear or two. Worked on vocabulary most of day. Tedious job! Good aurora spanned the sky this evening ca 9 p.m. as a narrow band from S.E. to N.W. Mac said it was one of the best he has seen here, but it was not nearly so strong as the one we saw at Parker Snow Bay on Christmas, 1915. 17 February. Saturday 13, N 3; 13, N 3; 13, N 4; 13, N 4; 13, N 4 -11; -14; -X9, 5; -12; -8.2. min -16.9; max -7 Four mile walk: Pilewhtop's Point. Midday. Beautiful day and Mac was rewarded for climbing to top of the thermometer still by seeing sun at noon about 1/2 degree above horizon over Cape Alexander Glacier. Thinks must have been above horizon yester. day and possibly day before, though

Hidden by the clouds and fog, (198 To-day had clear view of opposite shore of Smith Sound. Work on vocabulary continued. This evening I na-too brought in the net which she has made for me for Sister and I gave her an old Cast- wright and Warner short sleeved under shirt for it. Really too much but it was the only personal thing that I had. She seemed much pleased. I hope that the odor can be taken out of the garment, when I get it home! It is a good one and pretty, as such tings go. 18 February. Sunday Ice 56 1/2". B,NW4; O,E6; O,E07; S,E8; S,NW5 -11;-10;-14;-14;-14.2 min.-16.5; max.-5.1 Two+ mi. walk at midday. Wind strong and gusty out in fjord, seemingly from NE or ENE rather than E but the outer fog showed that a southerly was blowing there. To-night's a bad storm with much falling and driving snow is raging, which will probably have to do with the ice, at any rate breaking up the young ice that has formed during the past few days. Mac is afraid that the present long delay in our Estevanos' getting down to Umanaq and back may affect his spring plans unfavorably. 19 February. Monday S,O,E6; S,O,E7; O4,NW6; B,N26; B,N23 -8;-9;-3;-5;-13. min.-13.9; max.-2.9 Av. -7.6

Three mile walk at mid-(199 lay, going up the fjord along North shore, Thick and disagreeable as well as very windy. Some of the men came in from their caches this morning via ice cup and said it was very bad but Ahwееgeeah, who came in a few hours later, said that there was no strong wind up there. This wind is very local. Storm has cleared away this af- ternoon, and it is beautiful out this evening. The Eskimos say that they are going to start south tomorrow - to Me-aute- da-hau-ri anyhow and probably all the way down to Oomanaq. Some of them however, will stop at Peterahwit for the walrus hunt. When I undertook to move my mattress to-night it was frozen to the wall partition which separates my room from the workshop - 20 February. Tuesday. B,N 25; C2,S E 6; C3, N E 6; B, S E 7; B,N 26 W,-27 ->6;-3.8;-3.5;+1.8-1.2 min -12.3; max +1.8. Out at midday to point about 2 mi from lee by sinuosities of coast where two two-pits stood once on a little isthmus of gravel,-a lovely spot for a sum- er camp, fresh water being obtainable from not distant pools, then most of my walk was on the ice foot, the sea ice being all gone from a point within

1/4 mile beyond Provision (200 Point: The fjord in fact is a re- markable sight now, the open water coming in abreast of Provision point out in the middle of the bay and beyond. Saw about 60 sea pigeons near the edge of the bay ice. Most of them were in their white win- ter plumage, but a half-dozen or so were in their black coats. From a point about a mile from the house I got my first view of the sun this year. His disc as noon was about 3/4 a- bove the flat-top back of Cape Alexander. He will soon be visible at the house at dusk. At two spots the ice foot was scarcely 2 1/2 feet wide. I hugged close to the cliffs in passing them! P.C. took 4 p.m. reading without lantern. 21 February. Wednesday. C3, E6; O, E5; O, E5; O, N6; S, N5 +1.2; +1.2; 0; -1; -2.1 min -2.5; max +3.2 av .0.14 Went on to Hayes Harbor and visited Sontag's grave. That young man was one of the tragic sacrifices to the exploration of the Arctic. Peary and MacMillan have put the stones there in order. After Hayes left the Eski- mos broke open the cache-like mound forming the tomb and appropriated the wood of the coffin. Peary found the skeleton wholly or partly exposed and he put the bones to- gather placed stones on them and re-erected the headstone. Sunday was 29 when he

(201) Died. Inscription on the slab of quartzite forming the headstone In memory of August Surmantag Died Dec 1860 aged 29 years Hayes gives the age as 28 in "The Open Polar Sea". The core would have formed a very poor place for a ship this winter. Since before the mid- dle of January there has been little or no ice there beyond 150 yards from the head of the bay and of course except the ice foot. I started to follow the ice foot a- round the point into the harbor, but did not like the look of a sheep snow bank lying on it at the base of a cliff and there- fore climbed over the point. By doing this, I missed meeting Mac, who had come across a neck of land to the harbor and went out along the ice foot. He said that the snow slope was not hard, as I had feared; I saw some white sea pigeons at the entrance to the harbor, but no black ones. The Eskimos say that they have never seen any black sea pigeons at this time

year and that the lights (202 must have deceived me yes - terday. That, however, hardly seems possible to me, since I saw the birds at different angles with reference to the sun. I should like to confirm or disprove my observation. Some more ice has gone out of Elnah fjord and another sizable cake is ready to go out, along the southern shore for a half mile back from the point the belt of ice is narrow, being apparently not more than 100 yards wide for some distance. 22 February. Thursday S,W3; S,W6; S,W5; S,W.6.; S,SWS 3; 14; 11; 10; -2.2 min -2.9; max +15.1 av. +7.6 Stormy, disagreeable day, but I took my usual midday walk, doing 3 miles in the outer bay, wind strong from southwest out in fjord. Jot went out after an early breakfast hunting seals, but he came in before too cold on account of the increasing storm. Saw one oog-zook at a distance but no seals. Mac put the flag on the house in honor of the day, and I hung Esthe's Cock- er Land flag up in my room for the day.

23 February. Friday. (203) 3, SW4; 5, SW4; 5, SW5; 5, S4; 0, E1; 4.5; 3; 2; 0; +0.6 min -1.5; max +6 av. +2.2 Thick, stormy, disagreeable day, but the continued SW wind has driven the young ice and slush in against the shore ice and ice foot so that the Eskimos say that it will freeze now so that they will soon be able to go south by the sea route, which is much easier than that over the ice caps. So much soft snow has fallen that I soon turned back from the fjord today as I sank nearly to my knees much of the way. I finished my walk on land eastward and less than a mile in all of that was enough to satisfy me. When I asked Accommodating when when he would start for Wee-ahk-du-han-zi all he could say was "Kah-no" with an expressive shrug of the shoulders as he gazed out to sea. He and Ettookas'ooq have built snow-block wind breaks in front of their igloos, the latter's being a continuation of the wall and roof of the vestibule to his tunnel entrance (tök-sook). Ettookas'ooq's patient watching for two days at the seal hole near Dog Island was rewarded today, and shortly after noon we saw him drag- ging in a good-sized seal across the ice. Great was the rejoicing in his igloo. A sudden exodus from our house later was explained when we learned that Alrich had cooked some meat. All hands help a family get rid of their meat. She brought some in

forms this evening, for which (204 we are glad since our own supply of fresh meat is well-nigh exhausted. Lot has given us an exceptionally severe dose of pro-German talk this afternoon. There is no such thing as convincing him or stopping him and his statements and ar- guments are amazing for their inaccuracy and at times for their shrewdness. It seems as if this storm had give us at least 15 inches of snow on the level. I estimate that we have had perhaps 6 feet of snow thus far this winter, but there seems to be no way of measuring the amount of fall in this windy place. 24 February. Saturday 0,N 21; 0,N 22; 0,0; B,N 1; B,N 3 -4; -3.6; -2; -4.2; -4.2 min -4.2; max +1.14r -3.6 Out on snowshoes at midday for walk of 3+ miles around outer bay. A little berg has been driven in nearly to the edge of the old ice. Some of the Eskimos went out onto the new-ice today, and now they say that "perhaps" they will start southward tomorrow. Traveling is an uncertain enter- prise up here all right! It was not dark at six p.m. today.

25 February. Sunday. 1h 58m (20s C3, N22; C5, E1; C3, O; B, O; B, W3 - 6.4; - 6.7; - 9; - 11.6; - 14 min - 14 max - 2 av - 9.54 The Estimos finally got away this morning at about 10:30, and they have had a beautiful day for beginning their southward journey. They were going only as far as We-a-uk-da-han-ni to-day, when they will feed their dogs, preparatory to going on to-morrow and the weather looks promising to-night for another good day. Five Kalmatics and thirteen Estimos were in the party, as follows: Accommodingwaq and Inaloo, Kahweahlsewah and Kahda, Nookarpiingwaq, We-we and their two children, Elooka'o'oq and Alni'ah, Sammitc, Ahtwageeah and Oodee. Only Munnisboq, Ahtwagoodlo and the latter's 6 weeks old baby are now left in the village. The girls act lonely, but their husbands are coming back with meat to-morrow or next day. I started out on my walk ahead of the bunch. They overtook me near the southern point, but I overtook them again on the south side of the strait between the point and Radcliffe Island where they were leaving the old ice for the rough new ice lying between them and their destination. Cordial farewells were interchanged. Ilike (Accommodingwaq calls me his "Path")

Several of these people and shall (206 miss them, but most of them are coming back to Etah after a few weeks. The new ice is rough, being composed mostly of [illegible] cakes joined by young ice. I continued my walk to Radcliffe Island and then came back through the southern part of the bay. South wind 2-3 out there. Captain feels lost without Lizzie to care for, though he says that he will be glad of a rest from the child. The direct rays of the sun reached the house at 1:45 p.m. and we felt as if spring had come, although the temperature was around -7° and we knew that some of the worst weather of the season was due to come during the next few weeks. Such is the psychological effect of the sun. We have all bleached out a good bit during the long absence of the sun, but it seems to Mac and me that the natives show it more than the white men. The Eskimos are yellow now, some being almost ghastly in complexion. The sun will soon change this again. Mac gave us a Victrola concert this evening which we enjoyed in quiet. We are economizing on coal now and let the fire go out between meals.

26 February. Monday. (207 B,D,ES; B,D,ES; B,D,M5; B,N,S5; B,D,N,S aw.-18.94 -12.5;-14j-16;-15;-22.2 min.-22.5, max 9.9. On account of wind and drift walked only 2+ miles at midday, going over to point opposite Dog Island. It is fine to have the bright sun light again. Sammik and Ahwegeea have not come back yet (9.15 p.m.), hence we infer that conditions on the ice cap were too bad for the other Eskimos to try to cross the Cape Alexander glacier. Did some work on C.L.E. Relief article 27 February. Tuesday. aw.-20.66 B,D,N,5; B,D,N,S; cy,N,4; B,N,2; B,N,8 -22;-22;-21;-19;-19.3 min.-25; max -14.1 Four mile walk about midday. Plewah- to's Point. wore Kooletaq and nanuok and was very comfortable, except that my nose got rather cold. Sammik and Ahwegeea came in about 3:30 p.m., shortly after we had finished dinner. They brought back some dog food and one of them got two hares. They report that the ice has gone out again south of the islands and that they had some ice foot work to do. The other Eskimos had not started south- ward when the boys left Weank- dahanmi. It has been rather cold in the house today, being 460 in my room till I brought in the Florence stove and raised the temperature to 55°

28 February. Wednesday. (208 B,N4; B,N2; B,N2; B,N2; B,N3 -18.3; -16.4; -17.5; -20.8; -18.5 min -21.2; max -14 Three mile walk in outer bay before dinner. It has been a beautiful day and it seemed good to walk in the full sunshine again. At 2:30 my shadow was 46 paces (115 feet) long. got in some work on C.E.E. Relief article. This morning Oodee and Nahue- alksuak came from Wecaukda Lani mi with a little meat on their sledges. They came to get some tobacco and went back this evening. Oodee took two of his pups, leaving one poor little fellow to shift for itself. The crowd is staying in camp and some of the men went walrus hunting to-day. Moe went up to the cairn on Thermometer Hill. Temp there -13°, min -28.5°, max -9.2 1 March. Thursday B,D,N 25; C2,D,SE7; B,D,N 28; B,D,N 28; B,D,N 28 -21; -20; -16.6; -15; -14 max -21; max -14 w. -17.32. a severe day on account of the wind and driving snow. Out between 1:30 & 2:30 p. but walked only about a mile on account of the severity of the gale wh. was then from S.E. out in the flood C.L.E. Relief article. Discussion this evening on various topics of scientific character. All four participating

Captain laments because (209 people think that he knows more than he really does know, while Jot is sore because people do not give him credit for knowing one half as much as he does know. Extremes met and phook hands over the difference. 2 March. Friday_ 13, N 77; C4, E6; 13, S 5 5; 13, S 2 3; 13, N 24 Ar -18.96 -18; -19.5; -20; -19.2; -18.1 Min -20.9; Max -10.8 Three mile walk at midday. Across fjord. Wind strong and keen, but not nearly so bad as it was yester- day and there was practically no drift. Sammik and Ahwegeak each got a rabbit to-day and each brought us one half of his animal. If Sammik had brought us the whole of his, then all of the oths would have been needed in the igloo and Ahwegeah would have had nothing with which to trade for tobacco rc! The boys who work for us have a hard time of it trying to do their duty by us and at the same time keep in with the Eskimos. Often our boys are forced to let other men kill game, when the chance is really for ours,

in order that they (the other na- (2/0 wors) may be able to trade with Mac. Accommodingwah made Sammite bring up his (A's) meat from Weantle dahaunni instead of his own, be- cause A. wanted to get something from us. So it goes- But then -> noblesse oblige should rule here as well as elsewhere, probably. C.L.E. Relief article. Mac walked over to Hayes Harbor today. He reports most of the ice gone out again south of the islands. 3 March. Saturday. B,N 4; B,Nz 3; B,Nz 2; B,Nz 3; B,Nz 3 Av.-19.44 -21;-19;-17.2;-20.8;-19.2 Nim -21.9; max -11.9 Worked on C.L.E. Relief article during middle of day and before dinner took three mile walk, going out to Provision Point and along ice foot. Lovely day. Rough characters of sea ice close to ice foot due to pressure very clear now tough some of the steep surfaces are probably due to drag during rise and fall of the tide. Mac and Sammite with some help from ahwegeeah and captain got in a ton or two more from coal from Pro- vision Point and there is some more still out there on the rocks, hence we feel rather better concerning our supply of fuel.

4 March, Sunday. In 605 (211 B,N2; O,N22; S,S22; B,N24; B,N26 w.-14.16 -19; -16.6; -9.2; -15; -11. Min-21.3; max-8.1... Ie thought that it was going to be an other lovely day to day, but the sky be- came overcast before noon and fine granular snow fell most of afternoon accompanied with haze or fog. Beautiful evening. Sammik took some oil up to Lifeboat Cove (Polau's winter quarters) for Mac. Iot started out with him, but he could find only part of his team and that was so poor that he turn- ed back before long. He was com- plaining of the grippe yesterday, but has been feeling better today. During middle of day I walk- el over to Hayes Harbor (Port Fourche), going out around the point and coming back across the neck of land at the head of the bay. Hayes says that the top of this is 110 feet above the sea and that the lower terrace, in which is Sorantap grave, is 32 feet above sea level, but both of these values seem to me to be excessive. There are at least two places in the ice foot of the north side of the bay where the boys must have found it ticklish work get- ting by with Kahmatik's last week. Five mile walk. Very thick on return.

at dinner today we drank (2/2) a toast to the incoming president, for the success of the administration of President Hughes and the contin- ued prosperity, happiness and peace with honor of our country. But after dinner Joe got on one of his characteristic tirades about the European war. If his knowl- edge of facts were more accurate he would not get so far astray in his arguments as he does. He seems very strongly progermanic, and to think that the U.S. is acting the fool - but I cannot tell how much in earnest he is. I guess he likes to stir things up. Somebody asked Ahwegeeah what he had had to eat to-day. He replied "Only tea", but he seems to be contented. He is lazy all right and merits Captain Cone's nickname for him of "Barnacle". He seems willing that Summit should supply the meat for the igloo, still he does go out after rabbits occasionally. The baby's name, one of his names at any rate, is Pee-wah-to. 5 March Monday c 6, N5; b, N4; c2, NE4; c7, NW4; b, NE4 W.-12 -14; -12.2; -10.8; -10; -13. min -14.9; max -8.9 Sun shone on house from 9/10:30 a.m., m.

at about 11 a.m. There arrived (2/3 nine Kahanatics bringing Dr. J. Wuebb and 14 Eskimos from the south. They came over the ice cap from Norfolk, camping two nights up there. Strong gale came in them suddenly yesterday afternoon, forcing them to stop. The party com- priised Artlio and Alringush, Ahk- hoodisaoo's'vug and Ahmenah and their two children, Kolotenguaq, Kolootin- a, Inugeeto (from Konggerdlooksnah) Little Kahlcotian, Little Peter (a half Dan- ish boy from near Upernivik), Sipsoo, Mammora (his son) and Kiota's son S?Kushima Our Etah men had left Qommarag with their loads on 16 January and have been held up by open water at Igloodahanni. Kolotenguaq is keen to take me across Melville Bay in April and May. He will have Tanchinguaq accompany him. Sammnik & Munnis'ooq moved into darkoverga; 6 March. Tuesday. B,N?5; C3, ?3; C5, N?4; B,N2; B,N13 av.-H =13;-9;-4.5;-13;-15.5 min-16.6; max.-4 Four mile walk center bay, midday. Lovely day. Was on Dog Island for first time. Saw very fresh tracks and other marks of rabbits. Wrote letters to Rasmussen, Frenchen and Hanssen. Visited with Dr. Wueff. He, Rasmussen and Koch expect to be here again in or before 1 April on their way northward with Peary Land as ultimate destination.

7 March, Wednesday. (214) B, E2; B, N3; H, N24; O, N22; H, E2 Am -10.08 -12; -10; -10; -9.4; -9. Min -16.8; Max -8. Dr. Wneff and the Eskimos left this morning about 11 o'clock, leaving Arktis and Akkpoordisaqsooq and their families but taking Adwegreen and his family - 8 Kahmstiks in all. They went via the ice cap and rode to the glacier with Teddingway - visited the line of stakes and walked a quarter mile or so farther up on the glacier. Dr. Wneff tells me that there are some narrow transverse crevasses in this (Brother Johns) gla- cier near the cap itself. I could not tell by the unaided eye whether the stakes had moved during the winter or not, though the southern one third of the line had sagged a little westward in its middle. The roll in the lake ice has greatly increased in length and the southern half of it has been extended as well as raised. It is now about 15 feet in maximum height above the level of the lake ice, the side toward the glacier is slightly overturned past the vertical (stoss side) and there is a 2 ft + hollow in the lake ice on the far (western) side. Made a seven mile walk in all. Sum- mmit overtook me off our river gorge. I might have ridden all the way down the fjord!

This evening was made out (2/5 list of new clothing to be made for me for my trip - sleeping bag, knickers, stockings, pants - and started ahmeelah in the knick ers. He gave Kolovenguy 2 cases of jerrycan and 10 gals oil to take with him for use on my trip southward. I gave K. 24 kroner with which to buy the material from Peters for a new kahmatik for the trip. Ahlehoodisaos'oog made a lamp body from a cornmeal can. While Dr. Wulff was here he told me about the hard time that he and Peter had in trying to reach Cape York in Norway. June dry. First they were turned back by open water near cape athol. Then they crossed the ice cap to the glaciers at the head of Cape York Bay, but they could not get down that to the sea ice. For fourteen days they battled with the crev- esses and had several narrow es- capes from disaster and then they turned back. Dr. Wulff had been on the same route in November without encountering the crevasses, but in the intervening two months the glacier had moved 8 or 10 kilometers, appar- ently. The sea ice in Cape York Bay has not gone out entirely in many years, they say. Evidently the pressure of the glacier accumulated until it sud- denly overcame the resistance with the effect above indicated. I hope that I shall be able to see something of this wonderful phenomenon - as for as the sea ice is concerned at least when I go south.

8 March - Thursday (216 O, E4; H, NE5; H, NE3; B, NE3; B, NE3 av -8.52 -7; -6.5; -8; -9; =12.1 min -14.3; max -3.2 Busy on preparations for southward trip. Three mile walk at midday. Gt Broke through ice in a crack beside a little bay and got one leg into the water to the top of my kamik. Brought 4 1/2 gal tins of oil over from the Point. Mac & Captain and Jot tried ancho- vies to-day for the first time, and they declared that it would be the last. Jot too thinks that they are very poor food. Jot clipped off his beard and eyebrows to-day and presents an odd enough appearance- Lights out in dining room during middle of day for first time this year. Samuel & Mummisooq moved into We-Wa's also tonight 9 March - Friday H, O, N7; O, N7; O, NE8; O, NE6/OC9, NE5 av. = 1.2 -7; -3; +2; -2; +4 min -12.8; max +6.2. Was more than satisfied with a mile for my walk before dinner, the wind being very strong and there being some disagreeable drift. Jot fixed up a stove box for me for my southward trip. Mac gave me a receipt for the 124 for skins turned back to him yesterday. 10 March - Saturday O, N2; S, NW5; S, S4; S, SW4; S, SE4 av. +3.6 +0.5; +10.5; +5; +2; 0 min -4.3 max +26.2. Over to Provision Point twice at midday after oil. Wind E 2-3 ca 1 p.m.

Men were working outdoors (2/7 on their kahnmatiks all day today fixing them for trip with Mac. Almunch finished my bearskin kanikpulis 11 March - Sunday. Ice 61" 0, S E2; 9 N E2; C8, N E4; 0, N E3; B, N E 3 -2.2; -72; -8; -6 ; -10 min - 10.9; max H av - 6.88 Three mile walk in outer bay. Two or Three inches of new snow. Long talk with Mac in evening about Expedition affairs - He is very much exer- cised and even bitter over some of the events up here. He reports that Fitz claimed to be solely under U.S. Govt control and to have no responsibility toward the Expedition or the Museum. all that Fitz wanted was Crocker land and he practically refused to do more than a criminal amount of work - i.e. he did not set up the seismo- graph, did very little magnetic work, mapping tc tc that probably fell to him to do. Jerome was a willing and hard worker, not alone on the wireless experiment but also wherever and whenever he was called upon for anything. Et is a thorough scientist, fully interested in his duties, and alive to his opportunities, though difficult to get along with in some respects. Tank was

good to live with and a de-(2/18 sternined traveler, excellent for arctic life and work, but not suf- ficiently interested in zoology or zealous enough to do the work that lay around him and for which there were adequate facilities and apparatus at hand, though he could not have the power boat sometimes when he wanted it. Mac holding that walrus must be procured for dog and man food. Dr. Hunt and Jot were not men- tioned in this discussion, I think. Mac thinks that I have ex- ceeded the Museum's authority and interfered with his position and work up here in an unwar- rantable manner during the first months of my being at Par- ker Snow Bay, while I hold that there was justification under the circumstances for what I did and said, and that both he and I seem to have been misrepre- sented to each other by Peter Frencher and others including some of the members of the staff. Some of my words certainly have been quoted out of their connection and in a misleading way. No

farm, deprivation or mr (2/19 harmtable interference were intended to be done or expresised and I meant to act with jus- tice toward him and others at all times, including the foy skin matter. Some questions be- tween us will probably have to be settled after our return to the Museum. What seems to have been an earth- quake shock was recorded between 2.37 & 2.42 p.m. If this be correct, the shock was a very heavy one carrring from the north and perhaps originating in the belt from Japan to Sumatra. We got only the central part of the shock on the N-S component, the lighter tremors not being caught. 12 March. Monday. ar. 8.44 C2, N 24; C2, N 24; O, N 4; S, N 5; B, D, N 6 -12; -9; -4.2; -7; 10; -[illegible] in +13, max -3.9 a dull, raw day. Mae thinks that may be entering on a period of storms. Two mile walk be- tween 2 & 3 p.m., bringing in more oil from the Point. Busy looking over letters bearing off last night. Mae asked me to keep the discussion. seismo record in my care.

13 March. Tuesday. O, N E6; O, NS; O, N E4; B, N E4; B, N3 -1 45 -9; -9.5; -14; -11.2 min-15.5 max- Bar.-11.14 Had quite a job today cleaning the drums of the seismograph, those of the smoking apparatus, putting new improvised zines into the batteries and cleaning and filling the cells. The apparatus ought to be all right now for captain Comeis operation for several weeks after I have started southward. Drag away the snow from in front of one of my windows and put a slat across the lower panes to prevent breakage by dogs. It seems nice to be able to get along without a lamp, for even a part of the day. Three mile walk in outer bay after 5 p.m. The water is in close to Star Island again. Brought in some more oil. Saw a fine parhelion to the west of the sun early this afternoon. Two were reported yesterday. Gave canvas covered plate box to Mac 14 March. Wednesday. C2, N E4; B, N E4; C2, N E4; C9, N E2; B, N5 -17; -18; -20; -25; -25 min -29; max -6 am -21 Arktio and Ahkhoodesaos'ooq started for Igloodahaurri this morning and they have had a

wonderfully fine day for Mac (221) in the first stage of their journey. They are likely to stay at Sillvaddi tonight. If they are going for & took as'ooq for mac's trip and to get a dog or two belonging to Arklio (?). If they find accomodating anywhere they are to ask him to come to Etab at once to help take me down to Oomanaq. If they do not find him They as to bring back two men from Iglooda-hammeri for the purpose. or if he cannot or is unwilling undertake the journey with me If accomodating comes up to take one down, mac is going to send up to Anarotok for Paritkase to serve as the second man. Fixed a large dog biscuit box to serve for the transportation of Note-books, papers &c. clothing &c. to south Greenland Four mile walk before dinner. Peevanto's Point Calm and lovely in the lee of the cliffs beyond the gorge.

This morning I showed (222 him Eki's letter giving his desired plans for 1916, with my endorsement on it "approved, subject to authorization by D.B. Mac Millan, Leader." Dated 13 Nov. 1915. I did this trying to prove to Mac that I was not interfering unwarrantably with his prerogatives as leader. I acknowledged that my first instructions to Captain Comer (23.XI.15) might be construed as assuming more than had been decided upon with reference to North Star Bay. But all this was of no use apparently, for it seem- ed evident that he still thought that I had exceeded the Museum's authority in these and other acts. I told him again that the arrange- ments with Mere and with E- gingnah and Shinaho were distinctly tentative and that I had loaned Mere the rifle, not given it to him, on 23.XI. There is no use in talking any of these matters over any further with Mac while we are up here. I am willing to abide by what the Museum may say.

15 March Thursday. (223 C5, E7; B, E6; B, E6; B, N4 7; B, N6 Av -28.2 max -21.5 -28.5; -28.4; -28.7; -28; -26.5 min -31.1 Good thing that the men got away yesterday, for this would have been a bad day for them to cross the Capelex - and glacier. We hope that the cold is enough to make the new ice solid enough to resist the strong wind that is blowing. Fixed up my last oil box and packed my new "trunk" for Upper Nivik. Two + mile walk on inner bay but wind was too strong in gusts to make the exercise very agreeable. Mac gave Captain an Iceland sweater, adding warmth to latter's comfort. 16 March Friday C5, E7; C5, E7; B, E7; B, E7; B, E7 av -21.64 -23.2; -22; -18.8; -21; -23.2 min -23.2 max -13.9 Two + mile walk at midday. Brought over last three tins of oil from Provision Point for my trip and closed the box. The wind continues strong but the temperature remains low. This cold snap is all to the good for Mac and me, and perhaps it will be the last one of the winter - I hope it will be! Mummy's oo is a pretty smart girl and is industrious. Too bad that Sammite does not like her. Quite probably he will not keep her for his wife. A few days ago she

A few days ago she finished a (224 Kooletaq for Mac and it is well made and fits him well. It is my the second one has ever made, but she had no help or advice ap- parently from either Ahreenah or Almingwah and she made it better and more quickly than Ahnish made one for Etook assoq, a few weeks ago. Munnisooqs first Kooletaq was made for Sam- mik some weeks ago and likewise was very good. To-day I got Ahnoahle patterns from Mac for Inetiaq, Munnis- s'ooq and Ahreenah, promising to replace them [last two] from Thule, if possible. 17 March Saturday. B,E7; B,E7; O,E7; C6, N2 6; B,N24 av. -23.92 -22;-23.6;-24;-25;-25. min -26.8; max -13 Sundry preparations for trip. Work on eisimograph. Two mile walk af- ter dinner. Between 7:30 & 8 p.m. There arrived six Kahmatiks bringing Arklie, AkKhoodisaa's'ooq, Etukas'ooq, Almia, Johunga, Mahksbax and Inuger- to (Doobovia's brother). Within an hour Tauchingwa also came in. He says that he is going south.

with me. Hence the main part (225 of my caravan is arranged for. But I hear that Ahngyodibloo- as'oq also wants to go, and perhaps I shall have an em- barrassment of piches! The party came over the ice cap from Selwaddi to the cave south of Hayes winter quarters. They say that it is all right and that the sea ice is exceptionally good south of Selwaddi. They say the ice cap was cold. 18 March Sunday. Ice 64.5" -19; -12; -9.6; -10.4; -13.1 min. -24.9; max -8 0, N 25; S, E 4; S, S 4; S, E 3, 13, 21 av. -12.82 Janchingwa and Dungeets say that they wish to start back tomorrow; hence I have spent the day - i.e., be- tween seismograph time and dinner drinking my alcohol and trading tea for the trip, in order to send two good loads on to Ooloogset by them. It looks as if I were going to have close to 900 lbs of stuff to transport, but only about 160 lbs of this is bag- gage, the remainder being food, fuel and trading material. I shall have to have three kahmatiks all right, though my loads will grow lighter from Oomanag onward. Ahneenah has made me a fine new sleeping bag today, having

worked skillfully, rapidly (226 and steadily, a good job! Four mile walk after dinner, Peewahto's Point. Air was hazy and rather thick, with fine granular snow falling. Weights this evening 175 lbs. Told Mac that I wanted ac- commodations to bring some one with him for my journey for as Dologset or Netchilcevik. This evening I tried Mac's lens in my Graflex camera box and found that it fitted perfectly, but it ought to for it is exactly the same as my own lens. I told him that he might take both my cameras and their plate holders across to Elles- mere Land with him, thus giving him an addition of 4-8 exposures without reloading. He is going to take to the Graflex only. The anvil fell off the bench today while I was working at it and would have struck one or both of my feet, had I not jump- ed away in time. It was a sufficiently narrow escape from present disaster to my plans and lasting injury to myself. It broke the board which it land- ed on in the floor.

19 March, Monday. (227) C3,D,N27; C5,D,N27; C5,D,NW8; C3,N7; D,D,N7 -16;-12.2;-14.2;-11.5;-9 Min -168; max -8.5 In spite of the wind and the smoothy of driving arrow, Fanchingway, Inugeetog and I Opungway started back to their homes this morning, getting away about 11 O'clock. They took the rest of my oil and pemmican and my alcohol and a box of sundries. Mae sent word for Obblox- idah to come up with accommo- dating way Wednesday or Thursday. I gave my old sleeping bag to Fanchingway, to his evident delight as he had none and needed one for our trip. Was so busy all day that I did not get around to taking my walk until about five O'clock and then the blizzard was so bad that I did not go out of sight of the house, but walked along the bank and stood around for an hour of fresh air. The smoothy of driving arrow was so thick that it seemed unwise to go out onto the fjord. Mae's less fits into graph all right 20 March, Tuesday. O,D,N7; O,D,N27; O,O; O,O; S,D,SW4 -2;-6;-5.8;-8; 0 Min -11; max +4.2 Write instructions regarding seismograph Five mile walk before dinner, inner bay and up to Peewahto's Point. Sight is very trying on such a hazy day - Icebergs very blue.

21 March Wednesday 1228 0,0,N7;S,SW3;S,S2;S,W2;S,SW3 -7;+1.2;+4;+3;-2.4.min.-8.2;max+7 Started Captain Comer on the seismo- graph work. Fixed up batteries again. Fixed up some letters and papers, Half hour's walk in the storm, just before dinner. Had our closing game of poker. Six months lacking two days, and Mac wins the pipe. In the previous series two years ago, Mac won. The prize was a silk hat. We say that now he ought to be required to go down the street in N.Y. smoking the pipe and wearing the hat at the same time! Mac said today that he was going to take my grafex + his lenses and Jox's 4x5 film camera and not take his 3 A and films. He is going to save the films for the homeward trip on the ship, although it is my own outfit that enables him to do this, and he knows that I can't get any 3A films in Greenland, he does not offer me any more rolls beyond the 5 that he gave back to me two or three days ago. He keeps 10 rolls.

There are lots of 4x5 plates (229) here and he has very cameras so that he would have plenty of the best kind of outfit for me on the ship, if he were to let me have all the 3A films. It seems therefore as if he might help me out a little more (say another $) for my interesting journey! 9.C took 8p.m. reading without lantern. 22 March Thursday_ 0,S,SE2; S,W,3; O,W3; O,F, S3; O,F, S4 - 9j - 9,2j - 11j - 14,3j - 17.2 min - 17,2j ; Max -1 Packed one of my grips today. Last night took my last bath, I think, before start- ing southward - my next one will not come before I reach Ufarnivike, I fear. Two mile walk in early afternoon, bringing in some salt from the Point. Disagreeable day. all set now except for a little sewing which Ahdenaah can easily finish tomorrow. At 9:30 this evening, just as Mummi's oog was sitting down to putting patches on the elbows of my shirt, the noise of arriving Kahma- tiks was heard. Mummi dropped the shirt as if it had burned her and she and all other skins in the house rushed outdoors to see the new corners. Some one returned an- nouncing Accomodinaag, Oblotiaq and Ahdelahnywaq. Mae went out and I followed.

as soon as I could get a cloth - (230 ing enough for an outside tempera- ture of 14 or 15 below. The men have splendid teams of 16¹⁴ and 17 dogs respectively. We did not suppose that they would come to- day on account of the weather, but the wind was at their backs and the sea ice was in such good con- dition that they came by the usual route over the Cape des Aden- der glacier. I suppose that this means that I shall start on my trip day after tomorrow, unless the weather takes a turn for the bad. Well, so be it. I am both glad and sorry to go. I am enjoying life here now pretty well and the trip is quite an undertaking for a man with so little ex- perience; but I am anxious to get home just as early as possible and the journey itself will surely be filled with interest and instructi ness, if I can stand it. I have the ship to fall back upon at Omanaq, however, or I should scarcely dare undertake the

600-650 statute-mile jour. (231 key to Upernivik. By the time I reach Oomanaq, and certainly by the time I get to Cape York, I shall know whether it will be wise for me to undertake the crossing of Melville Bay. This Ahdeka hinguaq was Peewahtoo's wife. She is the original of the "Mother of the Seals" and is the mother of Sam- uie, Ahweaalgoodlae, Kahda, Choo erginguaq and Peter. Her looks belie the account given I er by Dr. Cook in "My attain- ment of the Pole." She brought some flour with her so that Iot might make some bread for her. 23 March. Friday. 0, SW 3; O, S 3; O, F, SE 3; O, F, SE 3 -17.1; -18; -17; -15.6 Two more Kahanatiks arrived early this morning bringing Si'ika- shooraq and Ogwiq. The former is the old genius who was at the "Clavell" last spring from whom Cap- tain Pickels got an old bow drill, the latter is brother to Ahuing- uah

waq. I understand that (232 they are on their way to Smith Sound on a bear hunt. Mac is going to have their help with his load as far as Anorotok. Today I gave Munni'ooq my old celluloid soap box, which she has long been admiring and showing to the other women, and an ahno- ahlk pattern. She only grunted as Eskimos usually do, and it might be hard to say whether she was pleas- ed with the gift or not. I gave Ahmeriah an ahnoahle pattern in account of the sewing she has been doing for me and she was more satisfactory, for she seemed free really pleased. Both women are being paid by the expedition, hence these gifts were in the nature of fees. Two mile walk, inner bay, early after- oon. Hard to realise that the Tem- perature has been so low today, for there has been so little wind that the house has actually been uncomfortably warm. Jot has been doing some bathing for us and also for Ahdeka hingwar. There are always plenty of "last tings" to be done after one thinks himself all ready to go, so that I have been busy today and have left Mun- nis'ooq occupied much of the time too patching and repairing. She has made a pair of good rabbit-skin stockings

out of the two old pair that I (233 have been wearing for more than a year. Ahneenah's sewing for me has been the making of a sleeping bag! Pair of bear skin /carrik/ putes and three pairs of rabbit skin stock- ings

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