Field Notebook: Mexico 1906

doc. 91 Mexico 1906.

Gregory mentions Tollman and Scully & the southern. Michael Sunday Oct 7 - 6:47 Mr James at 9. Gm. Busing in Via Cruz Skippers.

dec. 91 2906 Aug. 17 - Sept. 24 1906 [illegible] J Charles Whitcher Yale University Museum New Haven, Conn. 1906.

Oct 4 8 16 32 64 128 Oct a b c. D. E. F. G H. I K

Exposure time table. stops | B3 | 15 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 1/2 4 | 1/10 | | 1/25 | | 1/50 | 1/75 | 1/100 8 | 1/5 | | 1/10 | | 1/25 | | 1/50 16 | | 1/4 | 1/5 | | 1/10 | | 1/25 32 | 3/4 | 1/2 | 1 | 1/4 | 1/5 | | 1/10 64 | 1/2 | 1 | 3/4 | 1/2 | | 1/4 | 1/5 128 | 3 | 2 | 1/2 | 1 | 3/4 | 1/2 | Detached clouds. Bright sunshine at A. Bright sunshine brilliant clouds = 2/3 B. " " but sun cloud with) thin clouds. (makes good pictures) | 1 C. Same as B but no detached clouds | 1 1/2 D. Sun covered by dense cloud with bright detached groups. (makes poor pictures) | 1 1/2 E. Same as D but no detached clouds | 2 F. Entire sky covered with thin clouds but the sun can be seen | 2 G. Thicker clouds but the portion of sun can be made out | 3 H. Distant open scene cut down to | 1/2 I. " snow or water scene | 1/3 K Green and Blue | 1

L. White M. Red, yellow and dark objects 1/2 2 Landscapes. Close objects, say less than 100 feet, in deep shadows under trees and mist 64 stop for a very bright day never give less than 1 1/2 second up to 2 seconds. Distant views say 2 to several miles away 64 stop 1/25 second. 128 " 1/4 " Less distant views say within 1/4 to 1/2 miles 64 std. 1/4 second 128 std 1/2 " Near views say written 100 to 300 feet. 64 std. 1/2 second 128 " 1 " Instantaneous snaps in the very best light never less than 16 std. Better take a smaller std. and give a little time.

Geological Time. years Pleistocene Pliocene Miocene 2,900,000 {725. 000 362. 500 362. 500 Oligocene 580. 000 Eocene 870. 000 Cretaceous Comanche 7,240,000 {1.810. 000 1.810. 000 Jurassic 1.810. 000 Triassic 1.810. 000 Permian Pennsylvanian Mississippian Devonian 17,500,000 {2.625. 000 2.625. 000 1.750. 000 2.625. 000 Silurian 1.750. 000 Ordovician 2.625. 000 Cambrian 3.500. 000 Proterozoic (Huronic and Keewenawic) 17,500. 000 Archeogric (Keewatic and Laurentic ? 10. 000. 000 years. 55,140.000

Phil Schuchut 1202 Linden Ave, Canton O. Q.E. Schuchet. 119 E. Lerenthal, Cin. O Jimm Hutty M.D. Woody R.J. Bastla E.Q. Ulrich U.S.B.O. T.Q. Ostmiell Luey P. Rust. Margaret Corcoran 59 Hale, New Haven E.Q. Callahan 472 Orange - - J.H. Moore Mrs Dade Miss Bradley Mr. Geo. R. Bradley 6 Pearl, New Haven E.J. Dana, Seal Harbor Maine H.E. Gregory New Haven Conn. L.A. Bartlee L.V. Pearson A.L. Penfield St. L. Wells, R.H. Gitterden R.O. Lule

"Mexican Geology. Carboniferous (Cant and Permian) in Coahuila and Nuevo Leon (Foage and Hues from privately printed 1854 Philadelphia). Also on borders of Mexico and Guatemala; in Nicaragua with underlying Permian and un- derlying Silurian and Devonian (Crawford 1890, Ann. Set. VI) Cretaceous. Shifor level in Central Mexico 10,000 ft. [Dono]. Triassic type in Sonora (Menthy 1876), Puebla and Oaxaca (Gquidera-Ordony 1893). Menthy collects M-Cordaria plants. Jurassic. "Smaller Jurassic areas are laid down in Castillo's geologic map of Mexico, in the states of Sonora, Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, Gueretaro, Hidalgo, Puebla, and others near the eastern border of the great central plateau, and also in Colima near the coast. The beds, according to Gquidera and Ordony (1893), contain Goncellae, and Communities of the genus Perisphinctes, and pass conformably into the overlying Cretaceous." [Dano]. Lower Cretaceous. "The Lower Cretaceous, on the map of Castillo (1891), extends nearly to the

Veity of Mexico; and it is continued beyond the northward and westward, in isolated patches. According to Hill (1893), all, ex- cept a small portion of the northeast, is a continuation of the Comanche group of Texas, but with less distinct subdivisions; and he concludes further that now Mexico during this time the Atlantic and Pacific oceans were united. He makes the thickness 20,000 feet (Davis). In Chihuahua and Coahuila Felipe de Lind report in a L.C. fauna of 46 about 37 as European species. Eocene. Along north Atlantic border. Geology of Mexico (Translation of Aguilera m.m.c. (1897) in Jour. Sed., v, 1897, p. 354- by Bain). Archean. A strip from near Mexico City No-VX and throug the axis f. Lower California. Ordovician. Other testudinaria is reported found at Cuesta de Santa Teresa in Guerrero. The locality has not been as-

discovered. Silurian(?) slates are found at Guanajuato, Catorce, and Jacatecas. The Catorce slates are Jurassic. Devonian. Aguilera looked up the reported Dev. localities but in each case found no post-Jurassic rocks. Carboniferous. Are found beneath the Gulf. along the Guatemalan border. Limestone with P. seminecticalatus. Fragra and Oaxaco's Cath. localities are now known to be within Gulf or J. outcrop age. Aguilera thinks the Archean ridge continued to persist as islands were through the Pal. alienation and other united into a Jurassic ridge at the Perm-Carth. movements. Upper Triassic. Hallas' crust deposits along Gulf coast up to 3000 feet, 1600 feet in Sonora. Sandstone and slates. Rest on Archean, or fossils. The strata are not thought to be momentum that for quite late Triassic formation but may be extreme deposits. Jurassic. Ingression of the sea. These rocks go with the Cretaceous and are folded with them. Lower Jurassic in southeast Mexico. Upper Jurassic in

Calycida and Orycea. Lower Cretaceous. Beremian. Holes, Claps, mails and gunshots. Middle Cret. - Cenomanian, Turonian are some Albian. Ornithostyl gray li. often mag. but not aldomite. Many foots, much metamorphed. Maximum of sea invasion. Mexico an archipelago. general elevation set in with Anti-continuing. Continues into Upper Cret. Upper Cret. Some Albian and are Danian. Found only in N.E. Mexico. Julius bandstones with gray to black shales. Retreating sea. Sierra Madre of east and west coast acquired at this time. Mexico then had its present outline. Eocene. More critical elevations, increase of territory. Miocene. Invasion of the sea along east coast. Also W. coast and origin of San Cal.

One elevation in Atlantic rym. Pliecone, Jucatan emerald. Also Central America. Tertiary a period of eruptive activity. American Express Co. 2968980 San Antonio, Texas. 1 Oaxaca. 2 Mexico City Def. 1- 3 " " " 7 4 " " " 1/2 5 San Luis Potosi Def. 19. 6 Cincinnati Def. 26. 7 Cincinnati Def. 26. 8 9 3384274 Mexico City Aug. 27. 5 " " Sep. 1 6 " " " 7 7 " " " 1/7

[illegible]

New Haven, Aug 10-1906 left for New York on the 8 A.M. Barder Express and arrived at 9.45. Then called on Mrs Corlidge at Whitner's three connected with Columbia Union. At 11 we started out for the Brooklyn Bridge, to J Bond Building, leaned at Fort Miller, a walk down Broadway to Pier No2 where at 2.30 or took the boat for Coney Island. At 7.30 had dinner at the Manhattan, saw "the Girl from Paris" and at 10.45 started back by L to the city. Set to Whitner's there at 12.10 A.M. and to bed at the Grand Union about 1. New York Aug 11. Set up at 6 A.M. and 8.17 left Jersey City for Washington. Arrived at 2 P.M. Spent the af- ternoon with Barder and there met Forrote and Hiddles. The evening with Mrs Morley, staying at St. James. For me the Washington temperature is mar curious and while I thought the day hot the morning that it was an agreeable day.

Washington Aug. 12 Sunday. Got up at seven after a warm nights sleep. Saw Bashin at the museum at 8.45 and then to Cumberland on the 11 Am train. Arrived at Cumberland at 2.05 with Gordon of the train. Cumberland Aug. 13 Monday. Spent part of the morning with Bartley in carry his latest Crislay finds. Had a great number of Edricinus sacculus large fine ones and small ones in clusters of three or more. Also many Spirifur tuberosus and one fine new Spirifer. This horizon is less clean in the lower Crislay as I. cumberlandiae was common. Much more material can be collected. The locality is near Pattersons Creek on the Western Maryland cutting. In the afternoon saw a Baseball game. Returned to Washington at 6.40 and arrived at 10.50. At St. James Hotel.

Washington Aug 14 Tuesday. Called at the drury to see Piger and Hayes. Found that the Washington party would consist of Becker and wife, Davis and wife, and Dranner, Adams and wife, Bancroft and another person Mrs Fimger, Jeter and myself. Boleott can not go nor can Hayes. Otis Smith, Reed and Ransom are also to turn of. Called on Mr. Hefe of the S. and L. and found two booked at my ticket earlier than the 15th. Secured my ticket to go with the Washington party. Fare Wash- ington to Mexico City and return $4.90. Sleeper to St Louis $5. Telegraphed to Ordoney to hold excursion as follows. "Excursion rates Washington fifteenth. Arrive Monday. Hold excursion Okacasa." Spend the afternoon at the R.S.R.M. Had to dinner at the Chevy Chase Inn Mrs Coolidge, Miss Murdy and Mr. and Mrs. Barber. Then the lake and at 11 P.M. to the Metropolitan Hotel.

Washington Aug 15 Wednesday. Slept the morning and part of afternoon at the H.O.R.M. until Barker, Moody & Smallm. Also saw Piya and secured my stuff at Cincinnati. So to Cincinnati Ticket Office my return and deposit tickets. Mr. Hoops wrote a list to local agent. Departed at 4:05 on the A.C.L.R.R. On the train are Mr. & Mrs. Becker; Mr. & Mrs. Adams Finney (sister of Mrs. Adams) and Miss Fitchey and Bancroft; Mr. Jackson, Pal. of Univ. of Toronto, Liberia. Prof. Davis and myself. Saw Gordon at Cumberland for first minutes. Cincinnati Aug 16 Thursday. Arrived on time at Cincinnati a little after 8 A.M. Left at 9. Walked up to Fifth and Main with Paris. The day was not hot only somewhat warm. Arrived at St. Louis at 5:27 P.M. Arranged tickets and sleeper and while having supper in walls Reeds. Chatted with him until 7:40 when he started for Rock Hill. Started for Mexico on the Lion but at 8:21, twelve minutes late. Car very warm do

To: Patrol (lights in cars. En route to Mexico. Aug 17 - Friday. Slept fairly well and got up at 6-30. Shortly after crossed the Arkansas at Little Rock. The river was ornamented in flood and red as I mistook it for the Red River. Later before arriving at Texarcana we crossed the Red River which also was in flood. The water was frothing a muddy, thick ooze, and a brick red (Palestine Texas). In looking at the grand beds of the south is a very local red for from two to four feet beneath the surface when the color soon changes to that of the underlying strata. The vegetation is deciduous and yet this coloration is not charged the red clay. Brooke says that the iron in the famous form is only found at the level of permanent water. Here the rocks of a continuing deposits are of a green-black color. In the upper soil layers are found pyrite and marcasite. The strata beds here are well marked. The country flat to olivine underlying, and its fronts with considerable clay and blue jays. Cotton is much grown with corn about Texarcana.

From hearing Lorna Cretacoom streets appear P.O.P. Texarcana. There is some orn-budding and the sands give me the idea of Continental departs. San Antonio Texas. Saturday Aug.18. Arrived on time this morning at 6.30. With Miss Breed walked up to Menjus Hotel and had breakfast. In front of the opera is a Plaza and in the next block to Menjus Hotel is the old Alamos. After breakfast walked around and took some pictures returning to the train by 9.30. With cards and three miles and then started at 16.20 for Mexico. San Antonio is long as as a rule half built but here are there an beautiful buildings facing Plazas and away from the center are some splendid residences. The place of the town is quite unlike anything north. Bananas, palms, oleanders and other trees and shrubs unlike those of the south. Flowers everywhere. The population is very mixed. Mexicans and apparent- ly Indians are everywhere. Also a peculiar blonde half white type I report. White male kinds with many generans. The latter can reflected in the signs as "Halle der Obermanns-söhne" Many of the houses are frame. Brick as a rule

of a light yellow color much like the Comanche rocks of this vicinity. None substantial houses of the Comanche well nearly faced. The old missions and the Calamos of undressed Comanche are the round and motion. Butter ships, saloons and emporas stars in just evidence. The white people are very fair, comely built and evidently at the mother. The topography here don't flat. As we come south to Laredo the country gets slightly more hilly, the forest trees disappear and we are shrubs, much mesquite, the leaf cactuses (sp?) are almost no grass. The flora is totally different. Water is apparently very scarce and near Laredo we see irrigation works - water is brought in modern structures for the dikes to the east. All in all the country has a desert appearance of there is too much vegetation. A semi-arid region. At 5 P.M. on came the Rio Grande. The water flows at the rate of 3 miles per hour or faster in very thick of a color between Khaki and gray. A clear flow not seen in water before. Color much lighter than clearer. The depression is hardly more than [illegible] feet.

have a sample of the Rio Grande clay from Nuevo Leon. While the train was checking baggage I ran down to the river and took some river mud. Northern Mexico. Tuesday Aug. 19. Got off at 7 and what a transformation is now before one's eye. We are in the midst of low ragged irregular mountains with basin plains between. The place is that of a semiarid region - few shrubs and thousands tens of thousands of "Yucca agaves" one of the yucca spec. As we got to Monterrosa the basin widens out plant life is somewhat scarcer. Here the same ones are seen but more often from 20 to 100 gray-white forts. All the morning the clouds are thin, scattering the rains and low broad sun bars. The Onto north of Catorce to the W. show stratification dipping to the W. Of this time than the Onto plain through which the Q. R. runs is cut thirt th apex of the dome. At Catorce they is a broad interesting plain some 10 to 15 miles wide. Looks somewhat like hyssing but there are o age bushes.

Near the tropic of Cancer we see several buttes owing to what extent the has here eroded. These still stand of some hundred feet. On all sides one sees the degrading of the butts and the grading of the intermontone plains. The condition here are at hand in the Tropic of Cancer. But unlike them here the grass is greyish white to yellow. There is considerable vegetation and our red soils. In this again we see an active volcano, rising of 2500 feet. They are very recent or they rest in the present tuff layer. Later there are further more remnants of degradation. The floor of the plain at the surface is flues and in other layers beneath is of the nature Creta- cious iron. The mantle is very thin. This is true for the region of Laguna Zera. Just 22 picture around San Luis Potosi in a steep ravine with some cactus. Could see my shadow. One group has Alvarin and Colmenas with Adamon and his family are Prof Ries. South of Potosi the scenery of the north continues. When we get to Obregon there is a very flat valley without plenty more trees...

less cacti. The mountains fm Petra: south are all volcanics of a soft nature forming, into my fantastic shapes. Flowers are also more abundant here than beyond. It rains hard in the late afternoon and night.

Mexico City Aug 20 Monday Around 6 cloudy and cool churning up time in this city at 6.30 At the train we met Ordoney and Shry. A Mr Garcia looked after me and at 8 am we start away for Orizaba - On the trip. Shortly after leaving Mexico on the Interoce- at 8 a.m onica are several smaller volcanoes to the south or right of the railroad, All of these volca- nos are easy to lie on a once defined fault line. These volcanoes are seen like dark and no clouds, Once in less deeply surrounded by brushings. At 9 one pass through Texcoco the place of the old gardens described by Prescott. A plain or plain with its roots to the south, At 9.20 we pass Metepec and to the NE by way of a sandy tract road we see the first large pyramids in this region are soon filled with "maguey" from which is made the tolque. The vegetation is more profuse than that elsewhere along my route. Also great fields of Indian corn in good condition South of Orizaba the lies are covered by an open forest of small conifers.

"some may be 40 feet tall and 1 in diameter. This is a Pinos, Elevation 2350 meters, height of canos another species. If I turn out for the Mazury one would or believes him- selves in the satrapicov. The appearance in general in every region of the Penn. Apostolichianos. The County is grown with grass, indian corn and in places the highest hills are covered with Maguey. This is the region of Te puente, and Nanda camilpo. Just before getting to Ato Toniles one has a good view of Jol. and P'p'rcotepult mist the tops buried in the clouds. As we approach (chobulo) are on the hills standing in the plain once the thread of the Holy City is laid decided by Cortez. 4:20 p.m. Arriving at Puerta, the Commandant of the district takes us in hand and banquets us at the Palace in Ceremony Hall. Soldiers are drunk of, the band plays as the frid carriages and horses take us to the ball. Here of the station and again at the Palace hundreds of Mexicans crave their necks to our us, we are the center of the disorder. The dinner is a regular banquet of the

half-type. From mines we send, see souvenir Card on silt. At 5 we return to the station and start away for Orizaba & Tehuacan. This tour had that we have missed seeing Puebla. It is evidently one of the best types of Mexican cities. From a number I saw the Cathedral and it was curious. Often in the street any widow could be seen the best class of Mexican ladies. The curtain linen held outside of the window are fresh furnishing those of the home to stand behind. We again see much of the empire made limestone called by the English architect, Aguillon calls it Travertine. Much of Tehuacan we see much of this Travertine in the walls are in the hills sides. The scenery seen today has been of the grandest type but we are rushing through the country too fast to appreciate the meaning I saw the geological gardens. Everywhere one sees Magnez for pulque and mescal purposes showing to what extent these drinks are drunk in Mexico. Aguillon says the yield is about $7.00 per acre and the corn costs about 1.00. It is one of the most profitable

crops. After leaving Puebla one may get out and Indian corn grows the valley from thence to Tehuacan. It is a surprise to me to see the fertility of this plain upon which seem to lie the volcanos. A great deal of work in the way of drainage and irrigation ditches has been done. The descendants of the Aztecs known lead the simplest of lives. Cows in this region are much larger than any so far seen in Mexico. Equal to our western plain cattle. We are staying at Hotel Mexico and I believe no one speaks English. The ceremony or performance on the Plaza was intensely because it brought out all the emotions, your demons. Tehuacan Tuesday August 21. Had a good night at Hotel Mexico and was up at 5.30. Had breakfast at 6.30 and left the station in our special train at 7.30. Tehuacan is one of the poorer Mexican towns built of me stay houses very simple. Rice as farly as one visits the poorer are other cleaning of. Even the mechanics on the street are at work.

The valley of Tehuacan is mil wide and less flat than to the north. Looking back from the station one sees again strata appearing horizontal of a yellowish color. The rocks stand not in bold cliffs but the hill outline are as usual unequal and jagged. Had a talk with Ordway and learned the following, The valley of Tehuacan is large and in it on the eastern side rests nearly horizontal strata (Conglomerate with pebbles at least of the Cretaceous or even the volcanics) of Tertiary. The age is not younger than Miocene. Thickness of it 2000 meters. To the west are the Cretaceous. The valley was produced by faulting, the faults especially were cranked to the east, in some places the Tertiary rests on the Cretaceous. Upon the Archean promontory rests the Cretaceous, In other words at the close of the ? Cretaceous the present mountains were elevated at the strata much higher than now for they furnished 2000 meters of Tertiary. The age of those higher re- mains stills I do not know. Throughout the time of this erosion the valley of Tehuacan was formed and eroded down to the Archean. Beginning with the Miocene the valley of Tehuacan received its erosional material and has again

been dissected since then to its present form. The Tertiary here is a continental deposit. A sandstone. In this valley we see some very dwarf-like palms 18 inches thick and six feet tall. The day is cloudy and rather cool. I seem to see the [illegible] As far as I can see the fault on the east is not clear to me. It seems to me to be the contact of the eroded material of the valley against the high Cretaceous masses. The Acheon Cretaceous

Ordney interpretation of Tehuacan rally and jurkaster fossils. Fault N-Si cret Cretcean Testing Testing in flood formation! local faults in Test, New cacti appear and agriculturally say an [illegible] The Archean Out here are the higher in Mexico ranging from up to 2000 meters. Above the valley crests are about 900 to 1000 meters. The path runs now 20 kms tropical plants. The bedded Test, an conglomerate and we are seeing them to advantage as we approach Torrol- Rio Salado At Kilometer 204 just one see the Testing conglomerates resting on the vertical strata of Cretation age. The Conglomerate is very angular a formation. Mostly angular pieces, some rolled stones and the sand hills. The preceding slon is reddish and just above th Cretacous breckard. This is a continental deposit now a fomented area or it seems. Share 3 pictures. Also conglomerate samples (3)

The Tertiary is somewhat disturbed the bedding not being everywhere horizontal, slightly wavy. This erosion synopsis can't be very complete followed by course : and now noted conditions and local boulder beds. The Lisbon Tertiary has are mainly sandstones are thin group shale and fine tuff shunt etc. In other places all in shale of same color. We go down the Canyon Tomellin to 530 meters Pig Diablo down below the one and then rise in another canyon the Rio Grande Look of map at main name of rivers. See Mexico. Another folder has this change in mode. "Here is a curious fresh of the scenery; we have been riding along a stream whose waters run to the south, the train passes through a cutting, across a ridge, and comes to the river again but the waters are running to the north. There are two rivers, the one running south as the Rio Colorado, the other, the Rio Grande?" As we rise in the Canyon Rio Grande the soil are all the Tertiary like an hilly ridge on the eastern deposited by ancient deposit can. 200. At Chueatlan we see one of these red hills Hills. A certain grove is my mind and are hidden with many regular hills above and beneath, Rio Lollo deforces her grading even the deposits.

Had a talk with Ordway about the general structure of Mexico. He holds that Mexico on the US, are not related geologically. The Archon of Mexico was in lay at continuous elevation always high and unequal elevation. It was a piece of another nucleus upon which the sea did not encroached until (I gleaned this from his remarks for he did not say it) Cretaceous time. At Terrantique, the Carboniferous sea did attain but further north certainly not before Jurassic. In Arizona one have considerable geologies and according to the view the sea must have encroached from the North and West. Therefore the Mexican Archon our- cless must have extended Southward and includes the Car Antilles. The suggestion of Ordway is very suppostori. He says he has traveled into California and Arizona to see the Mexico connected, and sees more, One can separate very carefully as one geologically. A few miles south of Tomellin station a very fine contact is shown between the Middle Cretaceous and the Tertiary conglomerate. Here it is core made of of Cret. Permian faces. A mile and a half north are Pegmatite (on sample). The Cretaceous hereabouts in the canyon Tomellin.

is stray dipped and local examples but nothing of a deforming nature. A cliff is shown here about 10,000 feet vertical. Tomellin air is small like cliff mountains track. Read dry in winter, shorter for the crumpled Lone Cut. scholars. On Ordorog's account a guide. The green comes in suddenly in long ties. Have 3 pieces selected Ordong. The Tromellin is small and very grey stream Cutting rapidly now. Drals after vertical to 2000 feet. Ordong says that the Andrea is not less than 10,000 meters thick. The bedding of all this green is very clear, just as in sedimentary series. The Out of the Tromellin Rise in Places of to 1000 meters. The members from last are Bruno Drie and Stroming Alberto Blagernan Traveled in Chile. Charles Schenker Rudolf Jutten oil man. Who was made of the Dr. G. Selenk. The living man. Coffee is Africa. Emile Fietze Carlos E. Charming Daffles M.J

General de Lamotte. A. Affret. Univ. of Lyon. A good collector. Mrs Bär. J.B. Aquilesa wife and son E. Ordóñez x wife. Mr Shepard wife and daughter Le Conte Francois Matusechka wife José Romero, C. Reinert of the Oaxaca Onyx Co. At the summit at Las Lolas orchid - just min of the valley of Oaxaca. At Magdalena we an received by the Onyx Co and treated to Champagne. Hundreds of natives in car to our reception, they share two picnics. They also gave away onyx souvenirs and the drug table to pass give to Mrs Ordóñez. Ordóñez has $20 for it. The Onyx mines at Magdalena are one in Jocotitlán. I'm on a flat ledge upon a ridge for a day. We had to hustle ourselves away to start at five P.M. Amid the noise of the natives and the shooting of pistols or stars. The Oaxacan valley is a small narrow one and is as fertile as that of Tehuacán.

At 6.30 we arrive at Oaxaca and are received by a deputation of citizens. After the playing of the Band an reception of the mayor we start away from the station in omile drawn shot cars for the hotel. Had a shave at the dinner met Reilbach, Rieman and Dohanel. Then to the Plaza to hear the serenade in one tone. While there we are on the decoration of the Governor's dinner for an reception to dinner morning. This is the last day in Oaxaca Ordneiz. He returns to join the Juilico excursion! Oaxaca Aug 22nd Wednesday. Set at 6 with a bright day. Had break- fast with Tietze. Then walked around the city for an hour and half, and saw the natives drugging about securing the provender for the day. The native Americans are small, usually dark, and jet black hair and when young fine white teeth. They are very new mature, having few wants and earn but little. Understand ordinary labor can be had at what 35 cents Mexican per day.

"The better classes can not be seen before 8 but the natives are about mid day heat and make consider- able noise. The streets behind the native precinct do not open before 8 and some not until 9. So one is not likely to see a very elaborate nature unless it be the hot streets. At 9.30 we go to the Governor's House to the precinct and the Normal School and School of Science. Here are shown us a mineral collection or rather one of ours. At 12.30 we start away for Omitla. We go a short distance by mule ear to a narrow cañon road that is to be built finally to Tehuan- tepac. We go aboard the car and get off at Tule. Here we go into the church yard and see the great tree of Tule a cypress. On this tree on a smoothest part can be seen the great name of Humboldt said to have been written by him in his visit here. It certainly is the most wonderful tree I have seen. It looks like if several trees had grown together but it is said to be but one tree. At Tule our table conveyances long carriages are start away on the country road to Omitla.

The start is made in good form but a short distance out we find the roads very heavy and bad. Before long some of our traces are broken but again mended, while the carriage and the two heavy night - Plajemann and Dohmann - boxes are the first out of the hot gear of the rear wheels. Down before reaching Teacolutla. A serious mishap occurred to the carriage and Mrs. Aquilera, baby, maid, Mrs. Stephane as daughter. Here one of the rear wheels broke not all 4 the spokes are in out the face are full upon Mrs. Aquilera and for a moment seemed like crushing the baby. However all came out well. Our Teacolutla new carriages are provided and we depart for Mitla. Arriving at Mitla at 7.30 in the dark, I slept in the dining room with Defand, Cummins and Romero. Retired at 10. On this trip met the newspaper man Paul Horton of the Oaxaca Herald.

Mitla, Thursday Aug 23d. Set up at 5.40 and had breakfast at 6.15. Before I set out we visit Prof. Lellier for the ruins of Mitla. What is left shows that the people who built these palaces have great skill in handling small flat edges up to pieces 2' long, 3' high and 5' across. The ornamentation is one of small cut stones somewhat like mosaic. On the faces of some this rough was covered with a thin coat of plaster. On them on the inside are described a curious kind of pictures in outline without shading! To produce good joints or small mangled only visitors we expected. They are cut right from and in this way make fine joints. Seen one face like this [drawing]. The omoloths are round tapering slabs to the top and more rapidly grow before the top stone. The omoloths may be 10 to 12 feet long but are exceeded by the great stones of the inner walls. The walls in places appear have been 10 or more feet thick. The outer corner corners are faced with cut stones between which are laid the order.

"strata found lower in the valley with the interstices filled in with adobe apparently over some underlying material. The first pyramid was built of the loose surface strata laid in the same adobe and at certain levels a new surface was made with plaster. More strata and adobe was laid on as to the top. Once the sides are are modelled and angle. They were dry though two may be nothing was found inside. The other pyramid (? a Terealli) was made of adobe and has more of an arch chisel in it, this is different construction from the other Aztec work. A cathedral is now building upon one of the five ruins and some of the material is taken out of the ruins. A sad commentary upon the catholic church. We return to the hotel we have dinner at 10, are star away in our emergency cars at 11. Around or Tulce at 3:30 and our train goes off. Guadalupe at Qaracaen at 5 p.m. The ruins of Mitla lie at the head of a narrow valley and are above the village.

"Roundly hills, through the ruins runs a small dirty mountain stream. The workmanship preserved in the ruins shows that these people knew how to do things. One thinks their tools were of stone and if this is true then art is all the more wonderful. The stone joints are all close but not necessarily regular. On the sides of the huge blocks at the bottom are large holes evidently used to place levers thus to move the stones in place. Because of this they needed their axes to handle the material. In the centre of the temples are large rooms bounded by an outer fringe of smaller rooms. All are ornamented by the mosaic of stones and other figures. The cross + is present in several designs. The large pieces are not laid in plaster but behind and between are piles of small little rocks and apparently uncemented sand or adobe. It is remarkable to note how accurately the figures cut the stones. The tool marks look more like scratching as if the stones had been rubbed into form. Prof. Schenck said a work was reserved

for me at the banquet table and that on my right I had the General of the district in June uniform, Johnson to my left. He humorously put it that [illegible] great offense but after apologizing to Aguilera he said he had been that [illegible] sick. The Hotel proprietors is a American and partners the Oaxaca Friday, Aug 24. Left at 5:06 am to start for Tehuacan, Had breakfast at 5:15. Our train left at And of the building stone of Oaxaca is of a light green chalchite which in the course of time weathered milled white. As a dressed stone when new it looks good but is used little excepting in churches and the large government buildings. We arrived at Tehuacan at 2:30 and at once were taken to the kitchens from the entertainment to a banquet. There were only four to table just only Aguilera and wife, Miss Shepard, Jeter, Drigant, Cummings, and myself. The banquet was of the regular chocolate form, and a cocktail, claret, rhine are

champagne. See souvenir card. Was told that the dinner lost half of the due to the Governor of Oaxaca cost me $35 =. Arrived at Tehuacan at 3. Had dinner at the Governors house and left for Japostitlan at 5.30, Arrived after a long night carriage ride of Japostitlan amidst music and fireworks at 10.30. Had supper from 11.30 to 12.15 on the return. Riding with Aguilera he told me the valley of Tehuacan had beneath the rocks a thin layer of Tertiary and then sandstone the age of which maybe Eocene or Oligocene. These beds lie in a horseshoe. Over these once lay the great Tertiary series now seen along both sides of the valley and which are said to be at least 1000 meters thick. On the west this series appears in the Middle Cutaceras and on the east on the Arcadian. Here this is a fault and a throw of about 300 meters. The Cretaceous series lies in long folds. Against the Andes of the Pacific has been shown the entire Orogenic series. The general structure is block like faulting and low anticlinorium.

Aguiiler is certain that no Palaeozoics exist in Mexico except at the borders. Therefore all new land during the Paleozoic. The topography of Mexico is that of young high land. All of the terrain one sees over has been done since the late Tertiary. After the filling of the Cretaceous great lakes some formed as there were drained as London stood back to day after Mercine time. While the Tertiary in considered as a rule it may not be necessary to call in Tertiary Lakes but that the material is an agaded valley material. Aguiiler said that heretofore no canojes can drive from Tehuacan to Jopoteitan. All came by caddle. For one purpose the road has been specifically rerouted to permit canojes to take us to Jopoteitan.

Zapotitlan, Saturday Aug 25. Started away about 7 A.M. for San Juan Ryan in rains. Arrived there about 9.30 and then on horse back for three miles further. Here we collected some fairs from the Trujillo beds, and later about one mile further away to the south in the Alancania beds. Had a turbulent lunch with plenty of sun. The horse back riding is not my job and for me to own gain the saddle. Returned to Zapotitlan at 6.30. Return exceeding tired. The distance between Tehuacan and Zapo- titlan is 26 1/2 Kilometers. From the latter place to San Juan Ryan is probably 8-10 kilometers further. San Antonio is the place where much salt is made. Some ozone is here but it is not pure enough. Aguilar thinks that ozone deposits go with brine springs in arid countries. He is now working on the problem. One of the Cutacans deposits is a salt bearing lagoon and it is for this place that the spring waters is charged with salt. This brine water is carried on

the rocks of the natives to shelter from made in the mountain side are convenient, Aguilar says the most convenient way to make salt is here in use. I have a film I views of this place. Another film is between Tepetitlan and San Juan Guan an east of Tepetitlan towards San Antonio. Tehuacan Sunday, Aug 26. Shot exceedingly tires and sore at 6, started on our journey for Tepetitlan to Tehu- cacan at 7.30 am arrived at 11. Took many pictures between Tepetitlan and especially arrive San Antonio. The return journey gave us a good view of the Cretaceous rocks. The all of are down north a flat valley. Every way a level surface and small transitions. Not long ago geologically there was grading rolling but now the streams are again acting and carrying to lower levels the loose material of the former period. Aguilar says the eastern coast is rising

as an anchor was found 105 meters landward of the present shore at ? Santa Cruz whch on the Pacifc the lander sailing for here or one of the towns the custom house built about 20 year ago is now useless and stands in the sea. The Peru tree which we saw everywhere grows introduced byme of the mission men through out the sea along the roads he travels. As the birds eat the fruits the plants are our formerly distinct brought. I believe the tree is usually called the

afternoon michael another grand wins. Left Tehuacan on one special train and arrived at Puebla about 5 P.M. he then walked around Puebla had supper, listened to the band in the Plaza and returned on one sleeper at 10.30.

Mexico Aug. 27. Monday Our small party of Mrs. Bass and son, Aguileria, Mrs Shepard and daughter, Dr. Cummins, Neil Kessel, Bryland, Schenck, John, Power, La Magan and myself arrived here at 7 A.M. Came to Kingman (Guardiola) Hotel and took a room for the remainder of my stay. Then cleaned up, unpacked, and sent films (8) to Phil along with 6 fax letters. After lunch spent most of the afternoon selecting 5 x 7 photos of Mexican scenery made by C. B. Baite, San Juan de Letran, No 3. He has about 2000 Mexican views at $ 3 Mex. per doz. Also ordered 20 slides, and one large view of China in action. Then walked around the city for an hour. The new Post Office is first class, well built and up to date. The general plan is American but simply changed to fit Mexican ideas. Then off to the Cathedral at the Palace on the site of Mon- tejumas Palace and the Theatre.

De Henry Museum Mexico Aug 24 Tuesday. Upon Johnnie & Magapil in Fine Ammonites du Bulletin No 23. Locrus, Pleumayria, Opelia many species, O. flexuosa Costella Svent. Phosphatic limestone rougeatre Basey Portlandian Has Aspidoceras Euryoticeras Heterophthalitis Limnerus A. of Dr Héri di Perisphincte Aspidoceras A. fissinum Svent. Locrus many of J. Faldrum Offic, Gula Costephana Acella beds have A. gallazi Mexican A. emingti & 3 other species. Stalacrenus beds have Phylloceras Pleu- mayria H. Fiolar Offic, Stalocranus many speci. Craspedits. Upon Kimmeridgian Shales with Daajenia T of J. Kimmeridgean Aspidoceras Daajenia several species. Phosphatic limestone rougeatre Basey Portlandian Has Aspidoceras Euryoticeras Phylloceras apennicum Canavari, Perisphincte Nigatite P. millitini Michalski. Phosphatic limestone grisatre = Portlandian Has many Ammonites. Calcareous Shales Upon Portlandian Fine Ammonites. Lower Cretaceous Grey Holcostephana

Bochianites a Hamites, Polyptychites, Dipletes, many species some European, Line of Parahamites = either after a fault. Upper Trias of Sacatecas. See Burckhardt Bulletin 21. Sem Juan Aja fauna. Eocretaceus. small Plesioptych Q. deutcostu Hypt & Balotti Cryptogravilleia the new genus. Blanemia Testamenti the small one with nodes. The smaller one less modern B. subminuta all. Pseudopeliadema (Diploporin) cp variotars Bronniark. Trigmia plicatocostata Hypt & Balotti, Cyprina laurenciivi Guilma the globula one. The Blanemia can have to be identified from the book. Exozzra costata and Coralliochama fauna of Brie is correlated with Lower Dinurian. From Don Luis Potzi, and Tampier. Also has Radiolites, Beradiolites

"Turrilella" Merinae eto. Laga plicata Ogsten. Syphacea vesicularis, From the Turonians Belas inremanus latiatus Doll, Ostrin lugubris, Anomia ajjantaria, A. gyptosphynchus, Ostrin glabra Mx? et. Loma G Middle Cutaceons (Moyen). Mullers District de Biarr. = Cenomanian Inferia. Has among others Pseudodiadema texanum, and a number of other echinids. These are all from Krijm 5. From krijm 2 = Dracannian. Enallaster sp. Meiguatus Clark, Epiasta sp. elyans (Thiow), Bellocentachia belterii. Krijm 5 cut. Delloentachia, Loma wacensis Roeme, Isla texana Roem Ostrin quadriplicata, O. carinata, Syphacea pitcheri sp. washitaensis,

"called out to the Geological Institute and then met first Dr. Burellarat, then Aguilera and Dr. Rize. The two younger men told me into the exhibition room of fossils and explained to me the collections. Dr. Benellarat showed me through marine Triassic fauna or far modeled out or maybe discovered. It consists entirely of Paldeoneilo, a new genus of pelecypod Cassianella and an ammonite (see the Bulletin de presented to me). The Cassianella in general form and especially in preserva- tion look like Cretay fossils. If it were not for the ammonite one would have called this fauna Devonian. The locality is Jacateros which we will visit on our southern excursion. Then Dras showed the upper Jurassic faunas. These go with out break into the Cretaceous. Nearly all the correlations with Europe are based on Ammonites and both Burellarat and Rize said that unless these fossils are present no reliable correlation can be made. Then both gentlemen let loose on Stanton's

word and especially Buse in regard to Stanton so called ungentlemanly attack this word. The sum and substance of their argument is this: Stanton is not at all acquainted with european literature and also does not know the actual guide prais of the various divisions. Then for his opinion are too lumpy making it impossible for him to discern the small divisions. He also follows Hill too closely whose word is not regarded as of much value. Hill and Stanton's Lower Cretaceous is Middle Cretaceous. Gaffins Jurassic contains Jura but mostly from Cretaceous. This word they also regard as very poor. Whitfield's New Jersey word Buse labeled as the word of a crag man. Dr. White's word they regarded as the best and said that he knew the European equi- valents. Salls word is my fair. Poome (cause) includes various things in his conclusions. It is quite evident that the members of the Mexican survey do not regard our

American Cretacic [sic] as good and all m[illegible] t[illegible] with much allowance. This because one men are unfamiliar with the European faunas and are not conversant with the foreign languages. This Boese said was very evident from his criticisms of this work by Stanton. It seems to me that in the end the work will prove to be more correct than now seems probable. The American workers [illegible] pay too little attention to European faunas and as Doctors Boese and Burchhardt are trained European men they see the Mexican fauna [sic] too much through German glasses. The actual difficulty however I look for in the more complete higher Jurassic and Cretaceous districts of Mexico and the very incomplete ones of the same time in the United States. If these summaries are correct it will prove that possibly in Texas there is some Jurassic and that all or nearly all of our Lower Cretaceous is Middle Cretaceous according to the European standard. Accepting these correlations it seems that all of our

Como beds must come up into the Lower Cretaceous of the European standards. There are differences of vast importance and must be carefully looked into. Stanton must as they found som. A later talk with Stanton does not seem to lead to such a conclusion. Brée also thinks that stantus than Montville faunas need revision and that his conclusions are bad. I tried to show that the Pacific faunas must be held apart from the Interior faunas. This might here that I think the Mexican and fails in not distinguishing provincial faunas. Should not hear feel either Brée or Burchardt that the Mexican faunas were other than a jumble of European, Mediterranean and even Asiatic faunas. This mainly on the basis of Ammonites. Is it possible that too much value has been given the Ammonites. In this connection I dought to look carefully into the recent work of Gretling on the development of one of the youngest Cretaceous Ammonites.

Mexico City bednesday Aug 29-1906. In the National Museum in the Palace is one of the largest collections of monstruities, of sheep, calves etc. A peculiar exhibits to show the public. Also skull from human being, two grown togther and all other monstrosities. The God of Air is illustrated here by many examples of roughly cut and polished examples of the rattle-snake. The scales are usually sculp tures as feathers. The Christians often told these monsters them and used them for holy waters uses. Usually they are a evil in a plane or elevator and never turning holding on the top of a skull. Some have more curv'd heads, showing the jaws and even the split tongue. Many of these were found in the city of Mexico. The "Cruz del Valenque" found in Chidpos has standing to the left of the cross a figure that in very way reminds of Egyptian figures. Some of the smaller statues more familiar and even inlaid with precious stones. There one of the Popoloca people.

The great smoke monument with dead head and at a cost is in the H.S.Het. Mus. is a wonderful piece of stone carving. The "Obelisco de la ribera sur del Pue Palapopan" y Vera Cruz again show Egyptian carving. The Aztecs were acquainted with the dog or the Coyote or wolf as there are figures of them in the collection. Or often the god carvings show open hands just as one sees this in Buddhiste gods. This must have a connection with the lasts. The great Calendar stone is a wonderful carving at a great size. It is at least 3' thick and about 18' in diameter. Originally the outer surface was still large. The Archaeological Collections are grand but poorly shown. This is not or true of the large stones and monuments but even a better installation is possible. The smaller things are shown in deep cases without any regular order and the plans constantly interfere.

"This afternoon walked from the hotel to Chapultepec castle and b[reell]. This walk was down J.-Jr. through the 'Paseo de la Reforma' one of the widest and some day to be finest of any Avenue. Many new houses of the wealthy are now going up on this fine avenue but it-\nruns the castle for a long distance than are no houses nor on the sides of the street finished. At the head of the avenue stands a monument of Charles IV, in the first circle one of Columbus in the second circle one of Cuauhtemoc the lasttec king following Monteguma and who opposed Cortez. In the next circle there is a tall stone block building for another monument and then comes the orrder dices with the castle of Chapultepec on top. The parks all around are very fine, trees in such abundance to lead me to believe himself in some other country than elevated Mexicos.\nThe stable at the base of the castle is being extended, the debris being done in the old formation may all the dirt being carried away in baskets on the raells of the motors past a bridge across the forehead. Have four photos of this. The dirt

is a lake much probably the former extension of Lake Texcoco. At the base of the castle there is also a Botanical Garden but it can hardly be called one. Mostly varieties of peacocks, chickens, dogs and not far off the wild animals. Nor are they in interesting enclosures. Several times during the afternoon I had splendid views of the two volcanoes. The one nearest to the view is Iztaccihuatl with its long drawn out horizontally top and further away to the right Popocatepetl. These are majestic mountains and give character to the Paseo de la Reforma as no other avenue has. All in all the afternoon was a grand one.

Mexico City Aug. 30 Thursday Got up tired and felt bad all day. My head is stiff and occasionally my heart flutters a little. Spent the morning at the National Museum and looked over the Archaeological material. The great statues and idol masks seem to have been the Mixtecs people. The ancient gold ornaments in this museum is almost nil in fact we have from Panama at least three times as much as is here shown. While the Archaeological collections are good yet one expects a first deal more than is here shown. One wonders what became of are the carved stones in the temples or much of what it was thrown by Cortez into the lake. Some has gone into the churches but from the very fact that some of the best things are now turning up in the street diggings shows that much more will be un-covered when more daggings are made about the Plaza de la Constitucion. Late in the afternoon rode in the cars towards Tacubaya and on the return stopped at the Chapel Petre restaurant. While here heard a good lot of Mexican music and viewed the fashionable

carriages, the occupants very largely being ladies. A few of the poor natives are allowed to see the char. One is impressed here as elsewhere that the wealthy are the only ones to consider or try to think for. The just contrast in Mexico is remarkable and rarely does one see a well dressed native Indian. The middle ground seem to be mixed people - Indian and Spanist. Outside of the scientific side of Mexico I do not care much for my surroundings. On one side it is atject poverty, dirt, disease and cripples, and on the other in a small minority it is ease and lofty assumptions. Oh who will this world lord once after the dirty, ignorant masses, the workers and producers of the com- munity. Every I do not care to come into contact with these poor for or or any one sees their diseases, sore eyes and worse.

Mexico City Aug. 31 Friday But up early to get to P[as] Pa[u]l near Acamameca at the base of Popocatepetl. In the party: Dietze, Credner, Weilbach, Schenck, Juber, Kreijand and myself. Several times along the trail we pit roosts of the two hut[s] and especially of the White Woman. Shortly after leaving the city one pass through the flat country once Lake Texcoco. Even now in the wet season there is a little of the lake and in places men are netting for fish. This lake in Montejuemes time must have been a very shallow lake: the lowest part of the plain and con- siderably removed from the volcanic ridges. In looking about one sees an almost flat plain until within the vicinity of the huts when the ground is seen to rise and the rapidly into the huts. In other words the rolling of Mexico are the infilling between the huts. In one place salt pits could be seen along the shallow margin of the lake. See along the trail to Acamameca to the south- or we see small and large volcanoes, small isolated ones to those in a group all facing to the White Woman and Popote.

"Our stay at Mor Park did not permit of our seeing clear the past volcanos, should take no pictures. Mor Park is now building as a Summer Resort. Evidently for American. It's about 8.600 feet high. Later in the day it rained some and obscured the two peaks and we saw no more of them. All gas pulled to Acomameca at 12 miles, he would have done better had one got off at Acomeameca and looked around there. Near Acomeameca the railroad cuts through a hill evidently of loose. It stands in the cut vertically and in places has many small paths up to 40 feet. Evidently an aeolian formation and if not this then in connection with lake conditions.

Mexico City Sep 1. Saturday. Called at the Geological Institute and met many of the members back from the Jorullo and Celaya trip. In the afternoon with Cleland visited the Chapultepec gardens. In the evening had dinner at Maxim doré with Mr. and Mrs. Story, Miss Bassett and Cleland. Then packed off for the Vera Cruz excursion starting tomorrow. Vera Cruz trip. Sunday Sep. 2. The entire excursion party of about 80 persons started away from Intercanaco depot, at 8 A.M. All day I enjoyed scenery of volcanoes cinder cones and tuffe hills. In the afternoon we had a good view of the Huextl volcano or Malinche, the black color of the volcano evidently due to cumin trees. Just after seeing Malinch we occasionally could see part of Orizaba. In this region at about 3 P.M. we could see great examples of sand dunes, the sand derived out of the bed of rivers and picked up in the croscant

"from described by Bratth in his 'Laws of Desert formations', i.e. with a hollow crescent in front we should the sand falls. Shortly after this, after 4 P.M., a little over 12 Las Vegas are arrived at the edge of the upper plain where there is a deep cut or deep 'barancha's' to the next lower level. Just before arriving then we noticed that alluvial rising from the ground and are some bars that they came from the deep barancha but did not show of remains of their banks. Down which are some to have a grand oasis. The field is said to be 120, meters deep and the other height composed of leaves and tails. At one place I noticed a small oak grown stone, coming to the edge as the plunge over an over rolled down into the barancha. I understand that this is the condition all along the eastern slope of Mexico's. The higher plain runs out by jungle with their outer edges dropping constantly down and lower. The flow of the ayin in this of the high volcanos i.e one consisting of small emplacements. Their mouths are in the ayin. Where the flat lands hit a far miles over but after it changes abruptly in one of a rock condition, hard sorts come in and

"th join around, the ground is covered with grass, small annuals and shrubs, are there in their hundreds. One can easily see the reason for this. for the north-east summer warm winds condense during this area and there is much rain in the summer as partially considered myths due during the balance of the year. At San Miguel there is a dense vegetation, orc the air is damp and a type of warm humid atmosphere of the subtropical area below. At 6 P.M. we are at Jalapa at an altitude 4608 feet. Behan died in the last two hours at least 3700 feet. The entire atmosphere is now different, at little excitation brings on perspiration allowing breathing in excess. We are at the toping of the hot region. After a half hour's walk around Jalapa we return to Mr Pullman and dress for the banquet at the Casino given in the honor of the heroine of Vera Cruz. One banquet began at 9 and we were not back to the cars until after 12. In many places on the preces [illegible] we see the Chacfar or streams of lava that have re- cently been found out. Also a volcano very small easily both placed in complete around our next destination.

Jalapa Sunday Oct. 3-1906 42 miles from Vera Cruz. Lots of tired and had lunch just at Carrizal. During the hours from 6 to 7.30 we had splendid views of Orizaba and other hills with green rock like Jalma. Cleland picked out a poney for me and after riding a few hundred feet it was evident that I could not make the animal go. Further there was indication of stubbornness and that the animal would act badly or demolish me to get to the first locality for Testing. I was asked by several Mexicans to try other horses but then was as stubborn as the horse at once, finally I got out and returned to the train. Riding horses is not my fort and does not try again. Then walked on--on along the track but saw nothing other than dense bushes along the track are small cuts of soft travertine deposits. A little north of Carrizal one sees evidence of a divided local plain. It looked something like this, track.

By 10 A.M. the sky is free of heavy clouds and it looks most like rain for the afternoon. North west of Carrigal many miles one sees the very high and jagged mountains, some of which must stand up at least 4000 to 5000 feet above the main Carrigal. Between them is a vast dunality Country. The Tertiary collecting ground is towards the west rising into the higher ground. In the afternoon walked south east along the track for 2 kilometers, but the sun was on her and the air sultry that did not go further. Looking back to the higher country one sees at least two dunality shelves falling down into the low country. Farther with and over the higher lands one which we came yesterday. The topography looks like this. [illegible] Early this morning distant Dr-D.J Carrigal is stood cut calcareum then breck (limestone) rock standing away in wedge. This I take to be Cutaceums, over these Dunality aertmenconfirming the Tertiary beds with the former describer Dr Bice.

On the lower levels due to the greater vege- -tation there is also more animal life. One sees black birds in schools of 50 or more and several humming-birds, bats, insects are certainly more prolific, butterflies and grants [illegible] one notices. Minute flies act some mosquitoes bother me much. Some one black bird lights on the neck of a snake standing in the field and then jumps all over his back onto the snake in the least paying attention to it. The vegetation at Carrizal is not dense in that state like the tropical conditions. Among the bushes and dense trees there are many climbing plants or just decidedly more than one sees in the North. There are no grass fields in the strict sense but everywhere there are bushes and annuals many the same for more than in the north. There are no palms below a few guavas about Carrizal. On the lower plain it is very hot and sultry for 9 to 5 P.M. Before and after these hours the air is cooler and decidedly more breatheable. A light wind from the day making conditions more agreeable. It did not rain after once. hardly any clouds evidence after 5 P.M. The night clear. At six the train goes to. Vera Cruz. Benqueul. Leave for Orizaba at midnight.

Origata, Tuesday Sep. 4-1906 After breakfast we went to two small quarries in the Cretaceous limestone. Rocks mainly on bed. There are the Escamella quarries. Made two photogenic slabs and one cyanotype slab. Took a number of pictures looking back to the hills below Origata. See the hills here about one of Ornitholestes cutacens standing near an edge. In those hills has been found the Origata valley in which is situated the village of Origata! As change to get good focus except in covering old surfaces. But many objects are radiating and in sections. On top and back of these Cretaceous hills is the volcano of Origata, Later we visit the great English jute bag factory and then the baranca where the electric power for the immense factory is made. There a mountain stream cuts rocks and deeply into the Cretaceous hills. On the other side of the baranca there is a plain cut through to the river. On another side further on they are cut through, I have taken several pictures around here at one of a epiphytic tree. None of my photos take in the volcano Origata. Whatnot to it now again

drewal by the clods. Above all these hight and very jagged Cutnagen hills rests Origjater. The old Church of photographs near the jute factory was built in 1606. At 1.00 we go to the Annunciatment, for dinner. Have a fine ome dinner, see and return to town at 4. P.M. While looking out of the windows of the governm dome one is struck by the proximity of the very steep hills of Orijater. They seem to be just outside of the window. Orijater lies in a very large little valley of high and steep Cutnagen hills. The volcanoes of Origjater lies off far away above the Cutnagen hills. We left Origjater at 4.30 and began to climb through a young but somewhat [illegible] mature valley. After half hours ride we stop to examine a large marble girds. One completes up to date in every way. Then one go ahead again and before long one begin the actual ascent to the higher level. We proceed up the same mountain valley and turner left to noticed higher in the hills with a series of cuts terminating in a very narrow valley, into which we now to return. Soon the road bends back rising an

"a little here" "navios the turn and fringe on water "Infermillo" deep below on turns we see the very vertical, filled and crushed Cretaceous strata and shortly after mechanics in the cuts, be fan of the widening valley keeping to the right and clutching near to its head we turn and rise returning on the left side, constantly rising. Finally we reach the upper level at Esperanza where we have supper. As Orizata is 4028 ft. and Esperanza (meridians 7,849) of 8,043^, we have risen in about two hours thus in 29 miles. riding of 4000 ft. This may be called the middle Cretaceous slope or all parts of which valley may be seen mechanic wells with the bottoms upadly and filling up. Beneath this eroded Cretaceous slope lies another the Tertiary eroded slope and then a shir deosher to the Caribbean. Down till the grade of the road (standard gauge) is 40/00. In Campbells guide pp 283-288,

Mexico City Sep 5 Wednesday. Visited the School of Mines opposite the grand new Post Office building. In the entrance of the lower floor are large magnificent meteorites. Hacienda de S. Ignacio 10,100 Kilo. Chupaderos 6767 Kilos. Jacatecas 78 Kil. De Cempoton 332 Kil. Chupaderos 14,114 kilos. A good campasse of an Aplystrum found in the rally of Tequixquiteac. Considerable teeth and tusks of Elephas. The horse jaws and skulls of Bison A good skull of pregnant Elephas primigenius Americana in Cempoton, Tequixquiteac. The material is greyish cream colored soft sandy material. Also mastodon material. A fair find bone of Bison latifrons again for the rally of Tequixquiteac. In fact all the Quaternary material is for this place. Castillo's only give five breccias for Carbon to the near in the pits between Tehuacan and the north end Oaxaca on the east. The areas are all smaller. In general the collections are fair but not well shown nor are the minerals of the fine crystalline

form. The fossils are mostly European in character. The native crustacean material is poor but fine as it goes but is not the common byring, The lectures to students are given in the rooms having the collections. The Omicron building has settled very much very noticeable on the roadside and when traveling a the inside me feels constantly like walking down her my hill. In its way it is splendid building, but little all the good building of Oneiros City built of a soft bitumenous gravel. The consequence is that the joints are always broken, projections break away and are in the course of time is re- supplied by clacars or plaster. Later looked over the Gallery of Fine Arts with Dr. Kenner of St. Louis. Nearly all the paintings are cityman, some very good and many only fair to form. The modern world in also days of religions, There is one piece by Durrillo not in good preservation and not very impressive. I think all the painters are Mexican artists. Remained in the hotel all the afternoon. In the evening took in the dinner at the Chaupal three restaurants, arts. Here we paid for our meal. Out until Miss

Basen, Mrs. Mrs. Reeder, Mr. & Mrs. Henry Lanum, and Dr. Freundling are of Rosenblakes men to begin work in the largest burying place... I heard that Ordener is not killed on the sawry and is to leave shortly. Just what the reasons are I did not learn but it may be in large part his family connections. He has Spanish, Indian and Negro blood. Saw Tschirngzeln at the dinner. He has aged considerably and is no longer so active as he was. Also met Dines. About 200 attended the dinner at Chapultepec. Mexico City Sep. 6, Thursday. A little before eleven in the morning I went to the School of Mines to take part in the opening exercises of the Tenth International Geological Congress held in the "Salon de Actos" The great square and large edifice was adorned in the National colors and outside and inside along all the passage ways were lined the soldiers of the Army of Mexico. We took our places in concentric

desk and chairs and at about eleven the room was filled seating probably more than 120 people. On the elevated platform from left once seated the various Ministers of foreign countries while on the right once the officials of Mexico and the Tenth Legislative Congress. Onions in the center back for large table was seated President Diaz in a black Prince Albert. At a little after eleven we heard bugle calls and immediately in comes the President. All rise and remain standing. The President arrests first with some one on his left, and then a few time to the right and left but never a deep bow. As he passes one sees in him a man by no means old and frutula, He has a muddy face, large head, rather big of ad chin and square throat hat. His eyes are keen, snappy and fierce. His mouth is large firm with a tremendous jawful lower jaws. On his right and left are seated three gentlemen, one a general in full uniform. The President looks around to the manner and before him is a golden top tree. He from the top and at once there advances to the party.

"built, a sort of cage," the Director de la Escuela Caeion de Ingenieros Don Luis Salazar. His address in my shop and somewhat more- confident. He is followed by a tall hand- some man - the Honorary President of the Congres Don Andres Aldasoro, Secretary de Formento. He reads his address of welcome rather rapidly but once but some- what low. Then comes Emilio Tietze the president of the last Congress who in a very calm manner delivers in front a short and his said a lofty address. It told warmly in he was given a very [a] applause, Then the last Secretary Carl Wiener announced in front a few things when he was followed by the president elect Aguilera. He read his remarks were but was not applauded or once as Tietze. Then came that handsome man - to a curtain steps despised because this Indian Arpa and Spanish extraction - the Secretary elect Ordinez. She had not been assigned a seat on the platform but stood all through the proceedings on the floor leaning against the armce. When the here was topped by

The President 6'2" handsome erect and defiant Ordway had reached his trief. He read his speech and from the stand prior to the orator was the best speaker of the day. He was all grace and attractive to all him of the President and some comment which came among those assisting the President, when finished he received an applause only seemed to thirty Tietje and whit's more was there a man to be applauded before he spoke. He deserved it are and Hope it was a lesson to those that have ticked him off hand and hope to knock him out of the Dewry. The President then arose and bid the Congres speak in less than twenty words. All stood while he spoke and when finished he at once began to walk out of the house and to the distance again resounded the truffle call. The ceremony was all over by twelve ad marched away between the soldiers at presenting arms. Porfirio Diaz is the man of order and

iron. The destiny of Mexico rests lightly on his shoulders. In the afternoon took an automobile ride with Mr. [illegible] Mr. Story, Mr. Bascom, Cleland and two gentlemen from Helsingfors. Later called at the Belgian Institute, seemed some mail, invitations and a geologic map of West America. In the evening returned to the Belgian Institute to attend the reception given by the Institute to the Congress. Ready everyone attended and there was plenty of punch, beer and champagne.

"Mexico Friday Feb 7-1906 Arthur doing orders by the express other than o'fer seeing about the city, therefore got of late and then packed my box of forms. Later purchased one drawn on to this time to the extent of $3.50 In the afternoon took the cars to Guadalupe about 35 minutes out from Mexico. The town lies at the base of the volcanic hills. The most interesting place in the large church built of brick and the cemetery back just in the hills. From here one gets a good idea of the valley of Mexico, In all directions can be seen volcanic hills and volcanoes. Between lies the flat of Mexico and in various places at this time of the year can be seen lakes over which dry up after the first saccion is on. About five o'clock had a splendid half hour view of the peak volcanoes to the south west. In the east it was raining but in the west the sun reflected against the two volcanoes. The snow crown tops shine out like brilliantly lighted Cumulus clouds. I have a good eye, I tried to photograph them and though they stood out in

the high sky get could not see then in my camera field. Mexico Saturday Sep. 8 - 1916. bached out to the Geological Institute. The reading of papers began at 10 and continues to 12. The second paper was by Prof. David on the Glacial formations of the Cambrian and Permo- Cambrians. It does very interesting but he con- sumed entirely too much time. The Cambrian of Australia is best seen in the region of Adelaide. Here the Permo-Carb. beds rest directly on the Glenelus - Archegothites beds of the Lower Cambrian. Conformably beneath comes in a grit till series of beds 1000 feet thick. The Cambrian is found in the central region of the north coast extending nearly half way inland back to the O. B. Another area we finds north-east for the small central coast and it is here that the glacial formation are found. On a Bucatos map of the world he favors the

distribution of Cambrian glaciated deposits. The oldest record is at the top of Norway, The record is 20 years old but because no finds occur nearly to prove the age certainly, although though the Cambrian, little attention has been paid to this record. In South Africa Cheman states to me that appears to be Low Cambrian glaciated deposit has been found. David Dr. ophir for Hills record in China is now over Cuman. Probably also in south India. Gregory has given some evidence for an ancient glaciated deposit in Iceland or Spitzbergen. Then there is some evidence for Surt Britain. All of these records pale into the Low Cambrian or below. David showed scratched boulders and several photographs that leave no doubt about the Cambrian glaciated till. The boulders are round squashed and fractured due to the folding of the beds. David then described the Permo-Carboniferous deposits that in Australia extend through 30 degrees from south [illegible] to north, E. and W. through 300 Kilometers. Marine deposits of Permo-Car. age are found all along the East coast and on the north west coast. To the west of the eastern area are the country along the south slate region is scratched. Farther north boulders are

found in the marine deposits. From this David argues that the continent the lay south of Australia that the ground ice came to sea level short north of the present boundary of present Australia. From this point north the ice caps floated and deposited their material into the marine deposits, deratchets surfaces are found up to 34 deep north, beyond none. In the Permian Cretaceous of Australia there are two glacial horizons. One at the base of the marine series and the other? on the top of the upper marine series. Davidson regards this Permian Cretaceous as a Carboniferous age apparently following Tschernyschow, although he has been to India and has seen the Salt Range. In Africa the ice flowed southward and deposited its boulders into the Permian-Cretaceous sea. Tschernyschow also thinks he has evidence for glacial beds in the Permian Cretaceous of the Ural's. The Permian Cretaceous of Argentina also seem to have evidence of glacial or at least cool climate conditions. Radiolarian beds in the Permian-Cretaceous of Australia. Also ripple marked and some crossbed beds many

referred. The first paper was by Adams who in the absence of Hilles explained how the geology of N. America came to be made. He also objected to the Precambrian terminology used, and added that the term Algomania would never be used in Canada. Lawson then got up and showed why the ter- minology of the survey = Hilles could not be used. He illustrated his words as follows. Cambrian Steinmannan Animikie Crystalline schists Animikie = Eoarchean ? m.f. Steinemawan = Neoarchean ? m.f.

The third morning, John was by Fitch on Climatic zones. He reviewed the marine and land faunas of the Mesozoic and Tertiary. The Jurassic and Cretaceous of Mexico was closely related to Europe that the countries geologi- cally were united in a Congress then. Always climatic zones of the Juan he said could not be maintained by his reasons could not out. He said the faunas showed that there was a cooling of the climate with justable glacial local con- ditions towards the close of the Upper Cretaceous. He said it was plainer than in the faunas, The differences indicated a warm area. A warming again took place in the Upper Eocene and Oligocene. The changes of I.G. spread from N.A. via the Antilles to S.A. To Asia by way of Dehring St. The basis for the cooling of the Late Cret. and of Tert. is largely based on land animals. The main cause for the cooling of climate he concluded was due to the loss of Carbon dioxide and water vapors. This loss took place through the calamities of rocks and by the storing of carbon

in coal beds and carbonaceous rocks. He said the first one to pour out this was Tyndall in 1861 before the British Association. Later the idea was carried out more by Arrhenius Freck thinks the idea of carbon dioxide absorbs rather underestimates than over estimates. Coal pours [illegible] about the carbon dioxide and a lot of temperature falls. The new supply he thinks came from the volcanoes, in the periods of just volcanic activity fuse in with the cold times. He pointed out the vast Jurassic vulcanology of the west coast of U.S.A. refill the air as warming again during Jurassic times. The great Tertiary vulcanology to refill the Cretaceous bios and the recent vulcanology to refill the Quaternary loss. The land movements he thought inadequate cut away this off the close of the Paleozoic. The just CO2 absorption by the carbonaceous rocks was the primary cause. The just climatic changes also the cause for the just change in animal life.

"I'm going to dinner Chambelin was next us (Lawson, Clemen, Reid, Cleland and a Chambelin) 2m) and he brought out the idea that the ocean is the first balancer. The ocean with favourable conditions can absorb 30 atmospheres. It was particularly noticeable how Fred carefully avoided the name of Chambelin and that he did not in the least refer to the oceans as an absorber of CO2. Nor did he refer to the interglacial conditions a fact not easily shown. This very remarkable since Willis has found Cambrian glacial till how the same turning of weather and has our geologists are now thinking of geological climates. This just alertness is due in the first place to Cham- belin and hardly at all to Tyndall and Arthurs. It is also remarkable that the Continental geologists either do not know or purposefully evade the name of Chambelin.

The afternoon sessions did not begin until 4 o'clock but the meeting was not called for near 20 minutes later. At a little after 3 P.M. Hunter arrived and together we attended the afternoon session. The first speaker was Dunellhardt but as he spoke less than 10 minutes failed to make out the subject of his speaking. Then Quien discussed the remarks of Fauch in the morning. Among other things he said he finds it difficult to explain the equatorial glaciation of the Permian-Carbon. Neumayr's climatic zones of the Jurass he said must be given up but in the Upper Creta- cious climatic zones begin to appear. He thinks glaciation should begin at the poles. High altitudes during the Permian could not ex- plain the origin of the Permian-Car. glaciation. The facts made at the close of the Paleozoic are inadequate. He seemed to agree with Fauch in all points. Rothpletz then pointed out the former just difficulties in trying to point out judged climates

He pointed out because the pteris Equisitae were found in the tropical regions therefore all Carbon Floras must have been tropical. But he thought not that undoubted physical evidence was at hand in the various glacial beds that we were on the road to a final explanation and determin- [illegible] of former glacial causes. However he advised cautious and he hoped the pendulum would not swing too far the other way. Coleman also thought from what he saw in Africa that no high lands existed during the Perno-Carbon glaciation. Furthermore he did not think that high altitude was necessary to ice accumulation as we had a good example in the Antarctic ice cap. At zero no snow accumulates in fact it vanishes here faster than accumulates due to evaporation. He also announced that he had in several state mining reports pointed out that a seemingly fold line had occurred in the Cana- dian Lower Devonian. It resembled the deposits conglomerates of Africa. He could not make this announcement as yet positive as he

had found no scratches because of the first metamorphosis. He thought the Pennar-Carton glacial climate would exist. Freel also thought that it was not necessary to assume high altitude for glacial conditions. Stefanescu's paper related to Dinther- um gigantissimum. Anderson's paper on the Antarctic geological results was forwarded in account of the Carton art workings.

Mexico City Sunday Sep 9-1906 In the morning and Stanton and Reidelmann visited Guadalupe. Some celebration was on at a high noon mass and I saw the celebrated pilgrims flow to adoration. Took many pictures in the good warm sun light. For a description of this place see Reidel's guide p.374. In the afternoon at 4 we then started down the Paseo de la Reforma and we had arrived at the building peace monument a severe storm came on us with cold druth hail. The ice pieces were as large as 1/4 to 3/8 inch. In spite of some shelter we got out through and had to return to the hotel to change clothes. In the evening we dined at the La Imperial and had chicken tamales, coffee, beef and hothouse pineapple are in 37 1/2 cents from memory.

Mexico City Monday Sep. 10-1906. In the morning attended the session of the Congress. Some time was devoted to a discussion of geological climates. Ordnis was the first speaker as Chamberlin had to leave the city. He offered no particularly new views but indicated the old and new ideas of in- terpreting geologic climates. He thought the old idea of cooling earth had to be laid one side be- cause of the Cambrian glacial period, and especially because of the indication that there may have been Precambrian glacial periods. Last year he had seen the Dwyka conglomerate of S. Africa and it indicates that this Permo- Cretaceous glacial region had not been laid down in a high country but that the land here had totally been reduced to a low land. This region was not far south of equator. A cooling climate he did not think the probable explanation but due to some oscillatory cause. He suggests a cold climate with a summer snow fall. Beetle suggested that as Loengly had shown that the sun is a variable star may the glacial climates etc due primarily to this cause.

the Sierra in Merados in 1891 the winters snow had been unusual so that much snow was left throughout the summer in which fell the falls over snow. After much search no unusual condition in the atmos- phere of the time could be found to explain why this big snow fall. If we today can not ascertain the causes why should we not be ever the more cautious in regard to the fact. Meteorology alone will not explain these changes but in geology one should embrace all the types of conditions. David also pointed out the Douglas experiment was laid down over low altitude. He suggests a snow monsoon instead of the present rein monsoon. An aground then increase a decrease of heat during glacial climatic he thought it was the latter as in the River Cane. Of Australia all the reef cools vanish before the glacial conditions stir. He thought the main cause to be meteorology, not in altitude. Freck spoke along Davis' line and offers his remarks as in harmony with his views. Fairchild reputed that Chamberlin was not power as he was the greater authority on geology's climate interpretation.

The first paper was by Bain, he thought the deposition of ore was largely due to the Palaeography. The concentration was due to oil or carbonaceous rocks. The constantly escaping hydrocarbons and sulphides of the oil rocks and Hock shales would concentrate the widely dissimilary ores in the sedimentaries. This I course my refers to the soluble ores as iron, manganese, lead zinc and copper. That the Hock sholes moved their carbonaceous matter largely to plants was shown by White who had found spore of algae in the Hock shales. Lawson said his examination of the Black Sea during the Russian Ceyper showed the dredged mud to be filled with hydro-carbons and sulphides. He thought that at times the oceans might have stagnant areas producing sulphides or precipitating the ores in solution. Heck objected to this strenuously and said mud was cold be the concentrates. In the evening one attended the reception given to the Ceyper by the Assistant Secretary Rep. of Foraneo Aldosaro. This official quarters in the Minera had been heartformed in living chamber

There were on the third floor around an inner court. Two large rooms were reserved for luncheon and crime. This was as usual an elaborate affair and the custom was to stand at the foot of this table and mono prize it. Some stood there for so minutes and had a full meal. Below in the inner court were two brass bands the much loved Police band and the Artillery band. They played alternately and it was evident that the former was not only the loved band but that it also was the best one. In this band there were not less than 70 men all young including the leader. Their precision and feeling was grand. As a rule they played light catchy things while the Artillery band took of some of the classics. Finally both played national airs one chosen by flowers later for the tables. At midnight all were much excited with this rivalry of the bands. One of the peculiar features of these bands is that both had two bass violins.

Mexico City Tuesday Sep 11-906. Set up at 6 to make a start for the official excursion to the pyramids at San Juan Teotihuacan. We left at 8 A.M. in 6 or 7 cars. As we go out we get a fine view of Cerro Chape. In an hour we arrive at the station and as the pyramids are 3 lit. distance several beautiful cavalry horses are there and many wagons in the lades. Conclude to walk and join Tritzge and Tockernyechor. We arrive at the Pyramids before the party arrives due to our going direct across the fields. The great pyramid of the sun is now being renovated and modernized and the temple base Monite has been cleaned out. There are rumors that this work is being badly done but how true this is we cannot say. Upon arrival tables are found set ready for breakfast. Then an inspection of the pyramids and finally Baasome, Hemond, Wady and I walk over to the small or mound of the Moon and climb to its top. It is astonishing what an amount of labor has been done here by these ancient peoples. The just now

The top of the " mom" is 107 high 216 round is a large hill something full high. At 12.30 we go to the grills in a lava bed formed by an eroding underground storm. The cave had been decorated with palms, ornaments, lichen and some flowers and was the most remarkable place possible for a banquet. Every one was pleased, the dinner was fine and wine flowed in super abundance. The out- come was that many felt called upon to make speeches in which English was the commonest tongue. The german inability of the Brothers and Van John. Their speeches did not give satisfaction to the germans from table Grisard, Reilhardt, Lemuth, Jahn, Eckert. Those sitting with Stanton, Hayes, Oats and Calvin, Mt far away was Riedman. One table was a wild one near the Cave entrance while nearly all sat in the pit in the deepest part of this cave. walked to the station by a very round about road due to the guidance of some Mexicans and on the way was run down by Sunday rider but fortunately frame was not hurt. Oaly was also run down and the stepped on by another horse. A doctor had to be called for him and later

Is and him with his head in bands. Purchase many Agtic souvenirs. In the evening saw one act Merata with Stanton. Mexico City Dec Tuesday Dec. 12-1906 Spent the morning at the Biological Institute but did not hear any of the speakers. Talked with various members. Being tired from the day before Stanton and I did nothing in the afternoon until evening. Then dressed to go to the reception and dinner given in our honor by the President of the Republic. At 4:15 we started away to meet the members of the Congress at the head of the Paseo de la Reforma. Here we were taken in open carriages to the palace. The drive down the Paseo and around the base of the Castle Chapul table was fine. There came from Mrs. Mr. and Mrs. Himmel, Stanton and I. Our carriages drove up to the top of the rock and after shedding our coats and hats we

were soon introduced to the President and his wife, in shaking hands with him Donald McHare guessed his age at 76 his birthday coming on the 20th. His wife is much younger and does not appear to me to be of typical Spanish stock. Oquihena introduced us and the President received us cordially. He mixed with us throughout the evening and his wife constantly looked after the ladies. The view of the valley of Mexico from the castle is very fine. In all directions are the volcanic mountains and off in the south east are the two great volcanoes! At 5.30 light came out clear all the clouds vanishing. We walked around the grounds are drench in the great sight and all admitted that a more ideal palace could not be found. The gardens outside of the palace and within were very tasty. Outside Acacias (young) and bananas are surrounded by walks covered with a burnt red earth attracted much attention. Inside there an abundance of flowers and vines lighted by colored electric lights. From 6 to 7 we listened to various musicals

articles and promptly at seven we descended me from to the dining room. Here we were tratted to a splendid banquet; there were just tly 300 plots, set. Mostly small tables with a few large ones in between. We elected a small table for four and I sat down with Davis, Ries and Stanton. When the champagne was served the President arose and in an address of welcome spoke about five minutes. He thanked us for the knowledge we had adduced. Ayulzena re- sponded and spoke of the President as the Patron of Science in Mexico. Leaving the castle we looked down upon the city amid darkness but beset with large and small sparkling electric lights. Our carriages awaited us and we arrived at our hotels before ten. All the Ministers of foreign countries were there and many notable Mexican ladies and gentlemen. I should never have dreamed that I should dine with the President of the Mexican Republic and on the anniversary day when the Americans stormed Chapultepec.

Mexico City Thursday Sep 13-1906 Visited the National Museum and the Fine Arts Museum with Stanton. Had a Mexican 8 course dinner wit Stanton which cost each of us 38 cents (Mex). Late in the afternoon walked down the great Paseo to Chapul tepe restaurant. In the evening saw a Mexican rendition of the Seitha Girl. From our standpoint it was amateurish and a burlesque.

Mexico City Friday. Sep. 14-1906 Attended the Congress and the Council meeting. Elected Fritz Freck as President of the Palacio litgo Universalis. Added Ruedemann to the American Com. Also added Bise and Buschhardt as members from Mexico. Lawson, Stanton and Stroy read their papers. In the afternoon escorted Miss Bessem to San delupe. The last session of the Congress was held at the Instituto in the afternoon. In the evening we had our farewell ban- quet at the Belvair restaurant. Before retiring had a chat with Stanton in regard to the broader results of his geologic work. The Jurassic of Wyoming and the Black Hills comes in from the north - the Arctic- but seemingly is connected with the north Pacific. The Jurassic of the south (Texas) seems to pr with Mexico while there seems to be a third fauna along the Pacific border. The Comanche contains more than the Sonora

Cretaceous of Europe and in of the Atlantic facies. The Cenor beds are separated by an uncon- formity from the basal beds of Dyssmry. Farther south the Cenor beds rest on the Triassic and on the Red beds of the Permian. The marine faunistic on which the Cenor beds of Dyssmy rest is of differ faunistic but not the higher fauna. Thus far it is not yet known that the Cenor beds are of Cretaceous age but may eventually be proven to be such. I have concluded not to go on the mother excursion. Mexico City Sep. 15 th Saturday. Called at the Instituto and taken charge of my baggage. In the afternoon looked about town and at 9.30 P.M. saw start of on the mother excursion. At 10.30 waited up to the Jacolo and at dawn saw the declaration of El Sitio (= Litu) by the President in front of the Palace and the Cathedral.

During the past days I often heard about the dangers to which foreigners and especially Americans would be exposed on Sep. 16th as I saw in the Journal. Since my visit to Mexico city I've not seen the slightest sign of any ill feeling around me and therefore I thought I should venture out and see the festivities in the public square. All classes of Mexicans could be seen in the square but mainly the native Indians. It's said that 70,000 people had crowded into the square and around as many more men than with their hats as men. The younger single men were making gay tooting horns and shouting, "Viva Mexico." The tumult was no more even less than one has at home on a Fourth of July. Every one was waiting for eleven o'clock when the cry of "El Grito" was to be given by the President. A few minutes before eleven I heard the party whistles in the far distance and promptly at eleven the President on the central balcony of the Palace waved a flag and exclaimed "El Grito." With that they were taken by by the mass of people assembled, the old liberty tree above the President's balcony was shaken

when all the trees of the Cathedral were set on fire. They tried for ten minutes. Also the entire church front was lighted electrically and then was added into the only two feet masses of screaming rockets. Then a number of dynamite bombs came flying and some other bombs. In about ten minutes after they had fired the crowd began to disperse and all went home as orderly as any good man I ever saw. I did not see the least sign of disorder nor of drunkenness. This is President Diaz's birthday. Mexico City Sunday Sep. 16th. The Fourth of July of Mexico. Long before day I heard the crowd and soldiers out on the streets getting ready for the liberty parade. All is in the mode but there is no disorder nor no shooting of fire crackers. At about eleven A.M. the President, his cabinet and the Foreign Ministers pass in carriages by the hotel on their way to the Palace. Behind some of the carriages many young men shouting Viva Mexico. As the

President carrige had a large seat on horse then come mt or many running here as with some of the other carriges. The President was dressed in Military dress. After a half hours pause the regular procession began to form and it continued to form for nearly two hours. It was entirely a military parade and one of the higher types. The Cadets came first, then the infantry, artillery, cavalry and the rurales. The parade was a picture and in every way does credit to Mexico. In the afternoon walked around the Jards and then to the hotel.

Mexico City Monday Sep. 17 - 1906 Had my return ticket adjusted and secured a round trip ticket from San Luis Potosi to Tampico (13-17 Mex). Packed by my box and had Minjima ship it via Vera Cruz and Hard Line. This addressed "Yale University, Geological department, New Haven, Conn., United States, via Vera Cruz and Hard Line. [Minjima & berton]." Later he will send me the freight receipt. Bills of my accounts at the Carmen and packed up. Paid my hotel room next 10 days @ $5 and 7 days @ $3.00 = $71 Mexican. (Mexico City Tuesday Sep. 18.) Left at 9.45 A.M. for Zorcalas. In a rail road cut and tunnel near Bar- cientos one sees how the walls are made. Here the adobe is laid down from a distinction of the hill very flatening out. The bed rock in the tunnel is a tufa. adobe tufa adobe The same also next of Elendo

in th Nally of Mexic The superficial streams was running we very muddy and discharge into temporary lakes. These are valleys made here in Mexico. At 9.30 we pass through a lava flow and in the cut one sees the lava resting on the adobe floor. At Alpasco we are in Cretaceous hills. They have quarries here. The broken rubble rolls down hills and is cemented by the calcareous waters. Have a picture of it. Floor of a mine shaft. They seem to use mainly the surface tufa. The Cretaceous hills all about are as usual scattered and marshy in this a dry line. Be- tween them is a flat valley and on top of it was a small volcano. Have a picture of it. The El Paso Toulca given his help to ground surface about 70 feet. This is north of the station. Toulca also are doubtful there are considerable volcanic mountains. Where the Cretaceous is present then the adobe also has irregular layers of calcareous tufa. From Endo it is a constant nine from me rally (the Ends) into the Lagula. On the left beyond Lagula there is just lava flow with a sharp

front and finally at Escandon we have risen above the lava lake floor. In several of the craters one sees the lava lying above a leveled floor of paleocenic tufa of Cretaceous material. This is a lava floor 2 many miles from high ground on the left of the train as we go north. At Monopolato, to the left of the track is a temporary lodge, very narrow but a mile or two in length. Showing how are the depressions above regular bedded deposits. This lodge is produced by a dam of about 6 to 8 feet high. We descend from Monopolato in a succession of horse shoe curves. At Francisco we are still on this dam grade one for miles we have come through a vast lava field which is flues in strongly foliated at especially in the beds of streams. I snapped the camera coming over a small canyon. Between Francisco and Bernal it is all down through the old lava fields. The country is very roughed and covered with cinder. Far away to the right are high mountains glistening white in the sun. Probably Cretaceous.

Querétaro Tuesday Sep. 18- Arrived here near 5 P.M. our train about two hours late. Strolled around the town for an hour. The city of 30,000 people is the most typical Mexican place I have seen. It is very primitive, has a large Alameda, and a great many churches. The stores have nothing other than the ordinary things I commence. It is a clean and quiet place. This city is said to be an 'ool town' and several men showed me their outfits. They had the ordinary things seen in abundance in Mexico City. Of one man I purchased a number of 25¢ and 10 cents each. Mexicans fads have little fire but a great variety of color. Later purchased three good ones for $1.25. Staying at the Grand Hotel. Did lunch & soup. Met young man Enrique Montes, a student here. Speaks English. Just came to America recently -San Luis Potosi Querétaro Wednesday Sep. 19. Got up at 3.30 to take the 4.40 train for San Luis Potosí. Had breakfast at Sonjals. Smith & Juan Miguel are seen through the not deep canyon of the Laja. As usual the water is my duty, after the walls are vertical and

the canyon has all the appearance of a young stream. In places the stream is dammed for irrigation and div[illegible] in the center. Most I can project one sees in the valley of the Laja on upper level above the present stream bed say 75 feet. The stream has cut down through this upper gully very recently. At Chirimoza we have again out of the valley of the Laja and are on a great mesa bounded on the north by mountains and on the east by low hills of lava. Here and there on this mesa are now shallow pools of water. This mesa is as flat to the eye as a table. Here also in places one down to drive water for irrigation. At the station Villa Reyes, to the north, an high [illegible] (100') of polished lava. The columns stand out well. Took three pictures. Arrived a little late about 12 noon at San Luis Potosi. Spent the afternoon looking about town and also visited the silver smelting works at Morelos. This very large concern is to the west of the city and just lava flows. From here we got a fine view of San Luis Potosi. Took 8 pictures of street scenes and market scenes.

Sketch of the Belamilla Intermarin P. San Luis Potosi, Thursday Sep. 20. Was to leave at 6.40 for Tampico but the train is two hours late. The I. L. P. Plain is one mass of mescal and we got near the Dos Rios pass and three came in. Arriving at Alonso 17 Kil. E. of I. L. P. there is Cretaceous and lime hills. In one of these quarries is shown a fine Trias deposit. The road rises rapidly for several Kilos. to Villan and the descends. Crest over about here. From Villan to San Lazaro it is rapid def down through a narrow gorge that gradually widens into a day narrow valley. From San Lazaro to Cerritos it is slower def down a former valley and from here we strike as before back from several of those narrow valleys leading into the one we are in. This is the first def for the open mesa through the Cretaceous of burned coals. The second def of the Cretaceous is probably not more than 20 to 40 degrees. These are the cuts other direction. The Plain keeps an orderway and is flat a nearly or

all the way Las Tablas San Bartolo is in the field where I turn right down to the north, there Llano, itself also on the bedrig. As we get towards Las Tablas one again approach the Crek hills and here one sees a number of sparse outlui or nunatives in th plain. The plain is my duty, the true facts I much doubt. Practically a desert turns to eastern side of th plain. Like the water is in th western side. Apparently hardly anyone lives in this region. There is slow of grade from Las Tablas to Cardenas in between two ranges of low hills running parallel. One sees no water anywhere even at this time of year. The local rains today hug the hills showing where the erosion is stronger. All the upper parts of the hills have no soil all of which is washed into the lower levels and when the tuffa is also laid. The ravines in this upper level appear to be of the amphitheater type with small outlets eastward into other ravines or down the past slopes. Had dinner at Cardenas. Arrived at Tampico at 8 P.M. Stopping at the Southern promony the Hidalgo, now run by an American.

The air here is not as hot as at Vera Cruz and yet it is warm enough. The mosquitoes are plenty, some, mischievous fellows that get to work immediately on sleepers. Tampico, Friday Sep. 21. Set up at 5 G.M. and left at 6. Of the trip today read to San Luis Potosi have written an account elsewhere which I have copy into the following book. Returned to San Luis at 5 P.M. Made the acquaintance of the Mexican Central conductor Mr. John H. Long, San Luis Potosi, sent picture of the train and other things on my way to Jalapa. San Luis Potosi, Saturday Sep. 22. Note on my yesterday's trip, now left for Jalapa at 11:45. On the train met Mr. Adams and his wife. Set off at Jalapa to take the early morning train or that day see the def between here and Monterey and then the long flight to Laredo. Stopped at La Playa hotel.

S alt ill o, S und ay, Se p. 23-1906 Set up at 5.30 to catch the 6.30 train for Laredo. Had rained much during the night and all the day it threatened and the clouds hung low. Consequently saw little of the lots and secured but 2 pictures and these with have no great value. Five miles south of Saltillor is the Buena Vista battle filed. While I did not see it last night, it is evident this morning that the "Bad lands" scenery is due to dissecting of one of the modern adobe mesas. It is also made from are farther south than Buena Vista to Saltillor. The dam grade continues from Saltillor through a rolling country - a small valley - surrounded by low hills in which the Cutaneous rocks all lie at low depth. As we approach Ramos Arizpe (9 miles n.w. of Saltillor) the hills become more and more prominent and the railway descends through narrow gulles. Soon the valley material begins to disintegrate and the road runs through a constantly narrowing gorge. In other words the material

in the Out fills of the intermediate space for a time only to have filled by subsequent other actions. We pass through a series of these descending valleys and eventually through spys cut clean through the tiffet Cretaceous ridges. Cretaceous hills Adobe Adobe Present valley level. The dips of the Cretaceus here is usually low from 10 to 20 degrees, but in places rises of to near vertical, at least up to 60 degrees. Most of the material is soft, shales with some lids of limestone. Erosion very rapid and mud Hood material in the valley marks, In the region of Santa Maria we are in the mainmont spys and at Garcia they again widen out here here about 3 miles across. At Santa Catarina volcanoes all of lava flows are deeply directed trying to appear an entrance to some distance beyond Monterey. There are a number of these isolated offcars all showing the flows one after another down

the very steep sides of the volcanoes. In places between the volcanoes one sees low hills of Oolaceous shining, that the volcanoes burst through a very rugged topography. In these volcanic hills are situated the cobalt mines. From a distance the volcanic Out look whitish so that one thinks of Oolaceous rocks, between just picture the farm is seen to be a dark Here. Chamtery is surrounded by three volcanoes and is a very active mining center. The last volcanoes are in the region of Salome Btells and of Lampazos back of the station one sees the first flat-typed hills. It stands here about 200 feet above the level of travel and is evidently comparable to the upper level of the Tertiary seen on the Tampico trip. Another one more dissected and an outlier is seen a few miles further north and then no more. The railroad proceeds over the undulating plain of the Tertiary. In several cuts one sees the their bedded rocks, also in the lower part of the

"Rio Grande" dew at Laredo. In this city It is often used as farewells stone just as at Cincinnati. Laredo is 460 feet above the sea. Saltillo is 5,337 and Monterey is 1624 feet above the sea. In other words in 67 miles the road descends 3713 feet and in the next 168 miles descends 1164 feet. The Terrain undulating slope is covered with the Spanish bayonet, bunches, small mipals, bushes, cactuses and some grass. One sees no farms with probably only a poor farming land. Laredo Monday Dec. 24-1916 Stood one night at the Ross Hotel run by Charlie Ross otherwise known as "One arm and the Old Woman." A good second grade hotel. Left Laredo at 7:40 a.m. As we ride along the same Terrain flavor continues as the one we saw yesterday afternoon. It is here as in Mexico's covered with mesquite bushes, some sage, some grass and many small bunches of wild cactus. Here as in Mexico it is semi-arid and agriculture

depends on injection. Mostly a grazing herd. Took to the Pullman at Palestine Tex. and remained in it to St Louis. St. Louis Tuesday Sep. 25-1906 In the cars are delay ten route from Texarkana to St. Louis where leaving at 8 P.M. Then left over the D.L & W at 9.29 P.M. Cincinnati Wednesday Sep. 26-1906 Arrived here at 7.30. Called on [illegible] and had lunch with Albert and [illegible] at the Business Mens Club, Cincinnati Thursday Sep. 27. Visited with Albert in the afternoon and evening. Cincinnati Friday Sep. 28 Visited with [illegible] and Rosie. Left on the D.L & W. at 6.35 P.M.

Washington Saturday Sep. 29. Arrived at 12.40 P.M. Staying at the Metropolitan. Called on Barker and then on Whid. Spent the evening at the latter's home. Washington Sunday Sep. 30 Called on Whid and Barker at the livery and spent the morning there. The afternoon and evening at Murills and Mordey. New Haven Monday Oct 1-1906 Left Washington at 7.40 this morning and arrived at New Haven at 4.30 P.M. By good Mexican trip is at end.

1910 Aug 9 - R.R. New York to Washington 9.20 " 12 Washington to Guatemala and return 8.23 " 14 back to Mexico and return 84.90 " 14 Kepek to St. Louis 5.00 - 14 Telegram to Ordway 1.75 " 15 Merpe St. Fred 13.11

m v 2 be 6 Public Park in front of Orange Hotel 8:30, 32 feet "½ acre", 140 ft. 20 ft. 7 Palm in same place 8:30, 32 feet log "½ acre", 11-10 ft. 8 Cactus in same line. 8:30, 16 I., 50 ft. 9 Fine private residence in Garden of. 9am. 32 feet "½ acre" one roof? 10 Another on other end of the st. 9, 32, "½ acre", one roof. 11 Military Plan Post, near City Church. 9:30, 16 sty, 2nd. Rev. Moore Jan 1891-1894. Texas, & the of Nashville.

Paris mentions my reading Zappen on ancient unrecorded land like the Cei island, in Compte Rendu of the Berlin Congrès 1899. Read Romero from Mexico And Barde Schmidt's Bygon littere. San Berna La Playa. Porpani - Porpertepet Binan, Malinche

DOCUMENT NO. 91 Invertebrate Paleontology Yale Peabody Museum H.H. WALES. LADO SUR DE LA ALAMEDA. CALLE DE LA ARTILLERIA No. 6. Hotel Internacional S.L.P. San Luis Potosi de 1902 on the Mexican Central This evening I returned from the round trip to Tampico. What two grand days have been today and yesterday. The latter day was one of surprises but to day one of more understanding, therefore I will begin an account of the scenery and the geology from Tampico towards San Luis Potosi. The little sea port town of Tampico is situated on a low hill partly about fifty feet above the sea level. Our train starts away on this same or sea level at six in the morning. The day is warm and clear and the least exertion brings on perspiration, though the air from the sea gives one the feeling of some coolness. Certainly Tampico is not by far so hot as Vera Cruz and then for the town is rather cleaner and has a better class of people. As we proceed our have matter on each side of the track, the one on our left being a navigable river. Our train soon rises out of the sea level on to the one on which Tampico is built and which leads for the present into the "Eocene plain." On this low plain the vegetation is dense - a jungle - but not a tropical jungle such as I have read of. It is a mass of shrubs without any abundance of tall trees (trees that all are cut out along the rail road), many vines, and parasite plants but very little of the epiphytic or bromes. One sees no firs, no palms, but a few cacti are present, one like the maguey and another a sort of anemone form. In this jungle deer and turkeys are said to be present. This is also the cattle raising county of Mexico.

(2) Hotel Internacional LADO SUR DE LA ALAMEDA. CALLE DE LA ARTILLERIA No. 6 S.L.P. San Luis Potosi, de 190 This Pleistocene plain did not have time enough to erode to sea level. It is an undulating plain with ridges on it up to 100 feet high. At about 44 kilometers from Tampico we are on the Pleistocene plain. It is a rolling undulating plain and where the jungle has been removed for stock raising produces considerable beef grass. Occasionally in the telegraph wires are seen long pendant vines, meats, and here and there a hawk or a carim bird. At El Toro, on this same plain we see the newly discovered oil wells - an oil for burning and not being used in some of the engines of Mexican Central. It is a heavy oil and is not distilled for other purposes. The company controlling these wells and much of the land is a California oil syndicate having invested more than one million dollars a field. As yet but four tanks are built and I could learn nothing about the oil yield but one well is said to flow very strongly. These wells were discovered through the presence of asphalt - "asphalt lakes" on the surface. Arriving at Velasco (70 kilometers from Tampico), had constant rain on a bar of plaid on the Pleistocene plain we begin to discern in the far distance the high wall of what I share the "Tertiary Plain." Its top is perfectly horizontal and for many miles to the right or north there are no gaps cut down through it. At Coco (94 kilometers), the Tertiary plane forms our horizon and clouds are making in part of it and block size over it. At Rodriguez (104 kilometers) we are at the base of the plain, where stood four ruins of the walls. It is here seen like a nearly flat top level without

H. H. WALES. LADO SUR DE LA ALAMEDA. CALLE DE LA ARTILLERIA No. 6. Hotel Internacional S.L.P. San Luis Potosi, de 190 Direction having a slope of 45 degrees down into the Pleistocene plain, I should estimate the grade to have a vertical depth of between 300 to 400 feet. In some shallow cuts along the Pleistocene plain I noticed outcrops of limestone shale (weathered but I think dark colored rock) somewhat disturbed by uplift. At the base of the Tertiary plain the lithology changes and a heavy bedded thick mass appears that looks to be sandstone. Above it comes in thin and heavy bedded limestones with layers having interbedded shales. The weathered surfaces of these limestones remind much of the Trenton outcrops of Kentucky. Above the limestones is a considerable thickness of soft blue greenish shales. All the strata of the Tertiary plain are tilted north dips up to 15 degrees but averaging between 5 to 10 degrees. I should think the entire Tertiary to be not less than 2800 feet in [illegible] thickness. At Las Palmas the train diverges to the left and makes for a dry stream gorge, but crossing at once of alongside the steep escarpment. When one are up about 200 feet and before one are truly in the gorge one sees over a small bridge that seemingly has no need to be here. But about 200 feet below there issues from a cave a spring—a river as large as the Little Miami near Cincinnati—which rushes away over the Pleistocene plain. The train continues to climb and soon one gains into the dry and narrow gorge, a cliff in the Tertiary scale. As one sees of these are on both sides vertical walls of the sandstone best seen at El Abra (125 Kil.) and which I photographed yesterday.

H. H. WALES. LADO SUR DE LA ALAMEDA. CALLE DE LA ARTILLERIA Hotel Internacional S. L. P. No. 6. San Luis Potosi, de 190 The Tertiary plain must have an elevation of nearly 400 feet and the train seemingly rises fully another 400 feet before encountering the first Cretaceous wall. After one has risen onto the Tertiary Plain one sees no farms, habitation or streams. But as one proceeds east on the undulating Plain and near to the Cretaceous wall, i.e. about 3 kilometers east of Balles (142 Kil.) we pass over a dirty stream leading to one high vertical cliff of 700 m height. These trees dip as much as cypresses. These also are probably Tertiary as they do not have the steep or vertical dips of the Cretaceous. Further west rising into these old Tertiary trees the country is much hilly. The water along the western side of the Tertiary Plain must sink through these rocks and issues as fresh springs at the base of the Tertiary as was actually seen in my case and describing above. Just before one arrives at Balles (139 Kil. east of Tampico) one gets one first view, to the left, of the first Cretaceous wall. It is entirely unlike the Tertiary are being very much dissected, and having moreover the look of a hub of A little north of Miccos (164 Kil.) we begin to rise on the Cretaceous through the dips and rapidly falling rapids of Miccos. They are to our right a series of fan shaped falls and rapids. The Cretaceous rocks here all stand on end or so nearly on end as to appear so and on our right, the opposite side of Miccos Falls stand in cliffs of 700 feet. Took a picture of the falls and have one for Mr. Brown.

H. H. WALES. LADO SUR DE LA ALAMEDA Hotel Internacional S.L.P. CALLE DE LA ARTILLERIA No. 6 San Luis Potosi, de 190 Beyond Oriz the country is puffed with narrow cretaceous walls, be [illegible] all the way to San Dieguillo to one thin more study than I can tell, I ran through a series of these constantly rising and the ways to Tamaspor for a distance of 41 Kilometers. Five or so kilometers north of Oriz we begin to get our first glimpses of the rock - the pretty - Cretaceous size. Between San Dieguillo and Tamaspor we pass several times over a somewhat dirty stream as big as the Little Miami and finally arriving at Tamaspor we have before us the red Cretaceous cliff or debris-filled wall. Have a picture yet from the Tamaspor eating station. In other words we can now view one the first a large Cretaceous wall and are now soon to undertake the ride over the second end by far the higher wall. Standing at Tamaspor station and looking at the high wall and the cliff to the right one is puzzled to trace the track along this wall. A [illegible] and one of the greatest pieces of railway engineering in the world. This great wall must be 200 feet high while the cliff to the right of the canyon may rise to 5000' nearly the altitude of the upper mesas on which we are to ride (see Campbell and Holden for data). Just as soon as one begin to rise out of the Pleistocene plain [illegible] into the Tertiary size the flora changes. The jungle drops out and its place is replaced by the groves of true palms and palmettos. One ran through these parts up to Tamaspor and a little into the canyon where they too drop back. These true palms have in their leaf fronds many forms (3 species), orchids and other flowers. As firs on the ground are seen in fact in none of the lower slopes - to one a remarkable fact. Oriz is scenic on the foot Cretaceous rise and on the higher Tertiary levels.

H. H. WALES. LADO SUR DE LA ALAMEDA. CALLE de LA ARTILLERIA No. 6. Hotel Internacional S.L.P. San Luis Potosi... de 190 In a general way the traetge is as follows:- Capital Station the Tama-ight on our left Monterey Station Entrance of Tamazula Canyon left of the lake side Tamazulpo Station The trecks in the mountain sides offere thus for Tamazulpo station. To canyon.

H. H. WALES. LADO SUR DE LA ALAMEDA. CALLE DE LA ARTILLERIA No. 6, Hotel Internacional S.L.P. San Luis Potosi, de 190 Looking back to Tamaaspo from the station Verastegui high up on the Cretaceous walls what a sea of hills and mountains are to the east! A grand sight and a wonder how the railroad has picked its way through these labyrinth hills and craggy valleys. But by following the windings of the little mountain stream rising through the Tamaaspo canyon and again over the Orico falls the puzzle is solved. Turning around the point just a little of grade and beyond Verastegui one enters the Tamaaspo canyon and remains in it away to Las Canas, the canoe-shaped (rather saucer shaped) valley, a distance of 12 kilometers. From Las Canas to Tamaaspo station on the lower level it is 27 kilometers and throughout this entire distance the grade is about 4%, a difference in elevation of [illegible] feet. The Tamaaspo canyon is not a single cleft but a winding cleft with hills and mountains in its left by the rapidly cutting stream. One cone like a volcanic cone is left standing in it and formed was an island around all sides of which the water rushed by. I have a picture of it. Throughout this canyon the Cretaceous limestones stand vertically and at one tunnel entrance there is a flat sided wall the edges of the limestone serrated giving the idea of a Devils Back Bone or slide. One of my pictures taken further up the canyon may show this but if not then of another wall with a tunnel entrance. The smooth of the mountain side had like made of rock to level off the track.

H.H. WALES. LADO SUR DE LA ALAMEDA. CALLE de LA ARTILLERIA No. 6. Hotel Internacional S.L.P. San Luis Potosi..................................................de 1903 On this upper scale the flora again changes. All the palms and palmettos are out. Shrubs and trees with the larger trees drop down in the canyon where the railroad ties are secured and dropped by a zigzag road up the mountain side to the railroad at or near Esfinge. Just before rising to Las Canaas we see a pretty series of water falls dropping 100 to 200 feet. This is the beginning of the Tamazulor canyon and on it makes sometimes one falls and then as rapids to Venestegui but where it is falling 1000 for clear the station. It still rushes and drops on to the lower level, a small valley in which is situated the station of Tamazulor. Above the first falls near Las Canaas, in the ranch shaped valley is the lake in the ground. This is ground filled in by rain wash and more a small stream leading into the Tamazulor is cutting its away. Now there is drop from 100 to probably more than 300 feet before it joins the larger stream apparently coming in from the sides. I have at least two pictures of this preliminary drop into the first Tamazulor dry. On the north side of the canyon the mountain rises above Las Canaas probably 2000 feet higher. The south wall is less high. All along from Tamazulor station to Cardenas one sees the Cutaceas in vertical rolls. This a series of closely opposed anticlines and synclines, one of the synclines is seen in the hill to the right of the station La Labor. Among here the air again is cool and one are in the Tierra fria.

H. H. WALES. LADO SUR DE LA ALAMEDA. CALLE DE LA ARTILLERIA No. 6. Hotel Internacional S. L. P. San Luis Potosi, de 190 The drops may be illustrated as follows: Cardenas Los Caminos The time Tamaulipas canyon through which the railroad passes. Along this canyon the train departs, along the sides of Tamaulipas Canyon. Amico Falls Texas Plain Texas Plain In balance of sizes would it out for my note book, as well the side of railroad and Campstills guide.

Papeleria "Al Libro Mayor" Libreria- IMPRENTA Y FABRICA DE LIBROS EN BLANCO. Esta casa no admite competencia ni en precio ni en lo bien acabado de sus trabajos. Tajetas postales artisticas y con vistas del pais. Elegante surtido en objetos de fantasia para regalos. San Luis Potosi. Juan Kaiser. "THE AMERICAN" SOMBREROS PARA SEÑORAS Y NIÑOS. - Repairs, trims and sells hats at moderate prices. - "EL PASAJE." FRENTE A LA PLAZA DE ARMAS. Sra. Pereyra de Garica. The best Tailoring establishment in the Republic STORE IN PARIS. THE NEW ENGLAND. LEON CERF. 2ª HIDALGO STREET NO. 8. Tailoring and Gents Furnishing Goods. SAN LUIS POTOSI. P. O. BOX No. 210. Sole agency for the "Walk Over" Shoe. "Lourdes" NATURAL MINERAL WATERS. Ask for a pamphlet containing testimonials from people who have been cured and from prominent Doctors. Try it, and compare its effects with any other waters you may have tried previously. FOR SALE IN ALL HOTELS AND SALOONS. San Luis Potosi, Mex. P. O. Box 0. LAURA SEGURA MANUFACTURER OF FINE DRAWN WORK OF ALL KINDS PRICES REASONABLES, 3ª DE AYALA NUM. 23. SAN LUIS POTOSI, MEX. G.T. SHARPTON DENTISTA. 4ª DE ZARAGOZA Nº 14. SAN LUIS POTOSI. SONORA NEWS COMPANY. Merceria Americana PLAZA HIDALGO. Gents Furnishing Goods, Knox Hats, Regal Shoes, Lion Brand Shirts, Neckwear, Traveling Bags. etc. etc. Fancy Goods, Curios, & Tobacco, Sterling Silver Novelties, Cut Glass, Jewelry, Clocks, Drawn Linen, Carved Leather, Opals, Cigars, Daily Papers, etc. etc. THE JOCKEY CLUB BARBER SHOP. SOUTH SIDE PLAZA HIDALGO. JUAN MURO, Proprietor. STRICTLY FIRST CLASS WORK STERILIZED TOOLS. ELECTRIC MASSAGE. MISS SARA RANGEL MANUFACTURES OF FINE DRAWN WORK. SPECIALTS IN FINE WORK. "ONE PRICE TO ALL AND THATS THE LOWEST." ALL FOR SALE AT "EL GLOBO" 3ª DE MORELOS NUM. 26. SAN LUIS POTOSI, MEX. Fundición de Fierro DE SAN LUIS POTOSI, S. A. ESPECIALIDAD EN PIEZAS PARA MINAS, FERROCARRILES Y FUNDICIONES. Constructora del molino de olote "IDEAL" y malacate HERCULES para fuerza animal. MOLINOS DE NIXTAMAL, BOMBAS DE GATO, Etc. TODA CLASE de TRABAJOS de MAQUINARIA. SOLICITAMOS CORRESPONDENCIA. Apartado 198. San Luis Potosi. DROGUERIA CENTRAL Y BOTICA DEL MERCADO. RAFAEL RODRIGUEZ, S. EN C. 2ª CALLE DE HIDALGO NUMS. 9 Y 11. APARTADO POSTAL Núm. 126. SAN LUIS POTOSI. Especial atención en el despacho de las prescripciones medicas. IMPORTACION DIRECTA. Special attention given to filling of prescriptions. DIRECT IMPORTATION. DR. JOAQUIN S. DELGADO. INSPECTOR GENERAL DE SALUBRIDAD PUBLICA, 3ª CALLE DE ABASOLO NUM. 7. O INSPECCION DE SALUBRIDAD PUBLICA. ESPECIAL ATENCION a Enfermedades Venereas. RESTAURANT INTERNACIONAL. SHORT ORDER AND REGULAR MEALS, WINES, LIQUORS & CIGARS. PRICES MODERATE. MEXICAN DRAWN WORK. AT LOWEST PRICES. FOREIGN ORDERS SOLICITED. AGUIDA CAMACHO - HOTEL INTERNACIONAL. SAN LUIS POTOSI, MEXICO, 16 cop.

10-11 Graterfuds just begun Qn 802 12 The Tartag starts at El Abra $42.0 Eiders East Wall hanging thunder like show. Tartag, slight dips Lurting back to the lost Cut where it Wills & it is niger at here I should lie to Tart! Finally palm trees around at E. Walls up to Tomorrow Large rim rocky Walls. Transfor Graterfuds. The wall will seem the walls. Tartag lies. Los Palmeros