Diary, 1913, of trip with Charles Robert Cross to British Columbia

Preble, Edward Alexander, 1871-1957

1913

Source Material:
Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Smithsonian Institution Archives. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

United States. Bureau of Biological Survey Ornithology Botany Canada British Columbia Prince Rupert

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1913 2065 ♂ Myiochanes richardsoni Hazelton July 21, 1913 2066 ♀ Empidonax trailli " " " 2067 " Junco " " " 2068 ♀ Dendroica magnolia " " " 2069 " " auduboni " " " 2070 " Sphyrapicus ruber " " " 2071 " Planesticus " " 22, 2072 ♂ Junco " " " 2073 ♀ " " " " " 2074 " Vireosylva olivacea " " " 2075 " Empidonax wrighti " " " 2076 ♂ Dendroica magnolia " " 23, 2077 ♀ Dryobates pubescens " " 24, 2078 ♂ Empidonax flaviventris " " " 2079 ♀ Hylocichla u. swainsoni " " 25, 2080 " Colaptes " " " 2081 ♂ Vireosylva gilva " " 26, 2082 " Planesticus " " 29, 2083 " Vermivora c. orestera " " " 2084 " Spizella p. arizonensis " " " 2085 ♀ Bonasa " (near) [near mth. Bear Creek] Babine Mts., near forks Bear Creek, 21 miles E. Hazelton Aug. 2, 2086 ♂ Melospiza (Song) " " 3, 2087 ♀ Lagopus leucurus " " 6, Babine Mts., head of S. Fork of Bear Creek 2088 im. " " " " " 2089 ♀ Dendragapus " " " 2090 - Leucosticta " " 8, 2091 ♀ Lagopus leucurus " " " 2092 " " " " " 2093 " Dendragapus " " 9, 2094 ♂ Bombycilla garrula " 4000 ft. " 11, 2095 ♀ Clangula islandica " " " 2096 " Canachites " " " 2097 ♂ Hylocichla Babine Trail, 20 mi. W. of Babine, Babine Mts. " 12, 2098 ♀ Canachites " " 13, 2099 ♂ Ixoreus " " " 2100 im. " " " " " 2101 ♀ Dendragapus Babine Mts., 15 mi. W. Babine " " " -3-

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Orig. No. Sex Name Locality Date 2102 ♀ Passerella Babine Mts., 15 mi. W. Babine Aug. 14, 1913 2103 ♂ Canachites " " 15, " 2104 " Dryobates v. monticola " 8 mi. W. Babine " 16, " 2105 ♀ Melospiza m. " " " " 2106 ♂ Planesticus " " " " 2107 " Perisoreus " " " " 2108 " Corvus Babine, N. end Babine Lake " 18, " 2109 " Zonotrichia l. " " " " 2110 " Melospiza " " " " 2111 ♀ " " " " " 2112 ♀ Pisobia minutilla " " " " 2113 1m. ♀ Canachites " " " 19, " 2114 " " " " " 2115 ♂ Picoides " 15 mi. E. " 20, " 2116 ♀ ? Junco " " " " 2117 - Dendroica townsendi Babine Trail, 10 mi.W.Tacla L. " 21, " 2118 - " magnolia " " " " 2119 ♂+ Junco " " " " 2120 ♂ Colaptes " " " " 2121 - " " " " " 2122 ♀ Melospiza fasciata N. end Tacla L., Bulkley House " 23, " 2123 ♂ " lincolni " " " 24, " 2124 ♀ Dendroica striata " " " " 2125 ♂ Canachites " " " " 2126 " " Driftwood R., 15 mi. N.W.Tacla L. " 25, " 2127 " " " " " 2128 " " " " " 2129 " " " " " 2130 ♀ " " " " " 2131 " " " " " 2132 " Junco " " 20 mi. " " 2133 ♂ Canachites " " " 27, " 2134 ♀ " " " " " 2135 " Dryobates v. " " " " 2136 - Melospiza " " " " 2137 ♂ Empidonax " " " " 2138 " Canachites Near Bear Lake, near head Chief Cr., " 28, " 2139 ♀ " " 10 mi. E. Bear Lake " " " 2140 ♂ Lagopus Near Bear L., Mts. 10 mi. E. Ft. " 29, " 2141 ♀ " " " " " 2142 ♂ " " " " " 2143 ♀ " " " " " 2144 " " " " " 2145 " " " " " 2146 " " " " " 2147 ♂ Otocoris " " " " 2148 - Zonotrichia " " " " 2149 ♀ Melospiza " " " 5200" " 2150 ♂ Falco " " " 4000" " 2151 ♂ Melospiza Bear Lake, Site of Ft. Connelly2900Sep. 1, " 2152 " Bonasa Bear R., 10 mi. below Bear L. 2800' " 4, " 2153 " " " " "

Orig. No. Sex Name Locality Date 2204 ♂ Surnia Head of Tatletuey L.,12 mi. W. of Thudade L. 4500' Sep. 26, 1913 2205 " Lagopus albus " " 30, " 2206 ♀ " " " " " 2207 " Canachites Upper Skeena, Nudemica Cr. 3200' 2208 " Lagopus Groundhog Mt., 5500' 2209 " " " " 2210 ♂ Dendragapus " 3500' - South Side " " " 2211♀ Bonasa 5th Cabin " 12, " 2212 " Glaucidium Near 2nd Cabin " 18, " 2213 " Leucostictes " " " -6-

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Saturday July 19. Prince Rupert to Hazeltin Left Prince Rupert at 10 am. taking the railroad to Hazeltin. The road follows closely the north bank of the stream with Lower part of the river as far as the Canyon the most conditions characteristic of the coast persist, but above this point the species common then begins grow scarce, and at kitawanga the condition similar to those at Telegraph Creek the same condition throughout the rest of the way oute Hazeltin

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Monday July 20 Hazlitt Hazlitt is built on the side of the old Hudson Bay Port on the low alluvial point at the junction of the Skeena and the Buckley. Indian villages (somewhere) formerly occupied the banks of the two rivers near the port where the plateau through which the idor cut this way breaks down into the lower flat. Remains of the northern village still remain, but the southern one on the Buckley has mainly disappeared. The forest is composed mainly of three trees common to most of the Northern interior: the birches, pines and some others being the western spruce. Some one maple (acer) white (Thujp plicata), echinophoenix while hawthorn raspberry etc. grown in the moister more favorable places but the flora is characteristically that of the Interior on the plateau, and on some broad low flats on the W side of the river the growth is mainly poplar and birch with the under growth usual in the interior: Populus contorta Queen Canadaen. "marcana" [illegible] Populus bals. Populus tremuloides Gymnosphaera abfrofia Prunus (black) Lepidophris Riton Betula Acer Arctostaphylos Vaccinium (le. blueberry) Rubus (whitebend) Rubus arctogenum rip. "artition rip. "characeion Echinophoenix Viburnum groundeira Vigilous Echinara Corylus cand Sorbus Viburnum Seranini Castillia (n.d.) Chameneron Hakemaren Calla palustris Pinnata

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Monday July 21 Nazalton Put out a few traps and humid trids on the plateau the Town. Taking some interesting specimens Tuesday July 22 Fork a few specimens In afternoon walked out on Bubin Trail a four miles & through of Currie's property and got some notes on game animals from him Wednesday July 23 more specimens and observations Thursday July 24 Continued collecting and indiarong traps started Friday July 25. Nazalton Put in day mainly on specimens Saturday July 26 Put in the day collecting and Preparing outfit Sunday July 27 Walked over to New Nazalton Got some note from Paul Godfrey There are elephants recorded Took no specimens Monday July 28 A cold storm. Spent most of day overhauling outfit. Saw George Biernes in town and he has gathered a man Luke Fowler, who the thinks will go and to also make arrangements for horses

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Thursday July 29 Nazellino Tork hit my traps and shot a just burks Wednesday July 30 Nazellino Remy all day Ordined Perman for trap and marked on cliffs Thursday July 31 Nazellino Finished arrangements about Towers and will start tomorrow Friday August 1 Nazellino to 6 miles in Boulley Valley We got away about 4 p.m. with Lute Fowler and Jim Michel Follow the Boulley Valley for a few miles we camped 6 miles out after following the trace. Large Poplar 1 species woods and along the brushy side of the valley. From our camp Robert [illegible] to 5 miles south with such shape structures Saturday August 2 To near Mackengers We left our camp about 6 a.m. continued on the Trail. We soon left the valley of the Boulley and ascended that of Bear River. Keeping mainly on Old Milline's north of the stream and gradually ascending until we reached an altitude barometer 1750 feet. We camped when the Trail Mackengers. Much rain in the past day. We left our camp about 6 a.m. The Boulley Valley has been named as the Nazellino San Cerocaspiro, at from 1500 feet. The Cedar grows in Serumup and on wet hillsides to at least the same altitude deepshrum (blue) and the large blue flowered peculiar plant common some 21 miles

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Sunday August 3. To 7 miles S.Fork Leeds We left our camp and descend a sharp drift to the valley of Bees River. Left some provision (2 lots) of mackague River and this evening we could travel for about 7 miles, following a trail which had been adapted from an old track which crosses the Bahn Camp to the Buckey Valley. In the afternoon, having so far travelled 7 miles we camped at a good piece for its horns. We saw a golden eagle on the cliff near camp. I spring on which had affixed, but yet down on a ledge about 14 feet below the nest after examining it. I came down by him as to seemed concerned to play. I pushed him gently till my gain went and he launched out on the boulder and dropped down the valley. The nest was evidently an old one and was built on a wall shelf, placed on it were the remains of many rabbits, and groundhog, a goolaint, a marten, blue grasse. The cliffs held many nest of woodpeckers. Cryptogramme acrostrichus from commanding on the rocks

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Monday August 4 to Niantahalui Bear We left our camp early and followed the trail south-west of the valley. At about 4 miles we passed a fine lake on our right, in which was a pair of loons. About 3 miles beyond the trail which had been cut comes to an end. We spent the rest of the day prospecting and cutting a continuation towards Tumbulani. To the west lies the range fronting the Bulldy Valley on which lies a large Glacier. The hills to the east are similar but not so high but some high ranges can be seen to the north. a good sized band of Bear From further have a low angle Camp 1/4 between the last forks Louisera blackberries by Tumbulani, Cercis cotula a few by Tumbulani. Tuesday Aug 5 to Tumbulani 2000 ft. Packed early as stated but had to cut some more trail. Reached Tumbulani about noon and north-eastward along the range to find a camp but found no suitable spot. We reached the next pass about 3 o'clock. Here we camped at Tumbulani in a beautiful narrow glen valley. It rained all day. Tumbulani Myrtus alpina Castilleja pallida (pink) Pale red Euphrasia Cassiope Kalmia latifolia (white flowers) Arctostaphylos Cornus canadensis (in flower) Honey cedar Tricoma adata Sedum stenopetalum- Vaccinium, a high bank (collected)

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Wednesday Aug 6. Timberline Below Camp We wandered in the afternoon but the afternoon cleared and we had made a trip above Timberline. We climbed diagonally up the slopes to its saddle and spent the afternoon on the alpine meadows and the recent peaks. Our camp is at 4300 feet, at Timberline on the river side of a quich. In places near on the southern slope tongues of boulder ascend to about 4800 and boulder climbs to about 5200. Collected a number of plants between camp and the high Peaks visited. Found some common alpine buttercups and captured 8, (3 young and 4 adult) by stalking after pining them take refuge in holes. Found many of these winter nests which were about 6 inches apart, and generally lined with Saturday August 25. I set off from Corrally Our left early was climbed the trail toward the summit. It rose steadily, and soon reached Timberline. Here it still climbed and at the highest point was about 5700 feet. I found a family of white-tailed ptarmigan at the highest point and took a couple of specimens. Evenings were any Common and I picked up a couple. The trail crossed a broad pass about 5 miles from Timber to Timber. The adjacent peaks were not high probably about 6000 feet. The descent on the Bear Lake side was steady and quite rapid. In the wet meadows among the scrub we found willow ptarmigan and I took 3 specimens. The viewing the Mts on the opposite side of Bear Lake was very impressive. There was an almost continuous series of 9 or 10 glaciers overhanging the Lake. We reached the lake through a forest of pine and spruce at sunset.

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Sunday August 31. Lti Pott Connolly. Remained at camp at Bear Lake. The Indians tell me that the part for men on an Island near the head of the lake. The present form consists of about a dozen horses and a good sized chuck which is still unfinished but workable. We have arranged with a sub Black Cut Tom to guide us to a sheep place near the Snotrit. The day was fine and warm and the small migrants were coming for a few of traps and found a lot of specimens. Coming fear Count white tailed ptarmigan to be quite common above the Timber. Both a 2 and young one which was flying. Saw also 2 males on one of the peaks and the others pass some more. Late in the afternoon after the 2 Indians had left to come back to camp, and Corn and I had continued on to a peak to the east. Camp. One of them came many afternoons saying that he had seen a large griffy, a gullish near our camp as, he was preparing to descend. We ran back at once but could find nothing much to record. Collected timber plants of various kinds. August 7. Rain had all day. Spent day on specimens. Nothing much to record.

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Friday August 8 We ascended by way of the gully near Camp to the paddling 15 mile above and crossed to the Bear River valley to the N. and which across it north only to the base of a high sharp peaked mountain on which was a range beaver. On the way I shot 2 white tailed Marmotan and I caught a couple of Cinnamon. Then Marmots were common and I saw several of them among the stone patches of kaththa which seemed to be a favorite for us had lunch beneath foot of the glacier on a thin ascent a sharp ridge which led up to the higher peaks. On it was an old sheep trace but no signs more recent than about a year. Mr. ascender is an altitude of 6800 feet above where the sheep would have to feed to 6800 feet if this were any on this mountain Between our point and the Valley of Bear River which we have ascended lies a number of sharp peaks which cannot be hunted from the east side. There is no sure hope of finding sheep in this part. We have decided to move camp back to the upright side and explore through that part. In a hike we climbed 250 our camp over the mountain The Delicate and Marmotan Our quill common but we did not stop to hunt them Salix reticulata common on both sides Salix - Sage - Agalea with white flowers a flower at latitude Viretum common and above timberline. quit sprouting is alpine matured mount clear favors.

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Saturday. August 9. on back trail Moved camp back to near where we cut the trace I followed the crest of a high ridge for some distance This one looked the valley of the creek on which we have been camped, or the head of which as a large snow field. Sunday August 10 Rainy in morning. In the PM we ascended and crossed the valley of the stream. We went up and climbed a wooded peak to about 630 feet where we could overlook the stream at the head of the stream and the surrounding happy peaks. Found no tracks on the signs of game, but saw at a distance Beyond, a place favorable for which which we may visit tomorrow. Late saw a chipmunk. the brute new turkentine. Crossed over a heavy marmot. Not a bird seen in sight.

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Monday August 11. To Camp Bean River In the afternoon Mr Cross made a trip up on the ridge to the North Our camp but found nothing This afternoon we packed up and moved down from camp in the valley of Bean Creek I went ahead and collected some specimens left to the Creek rather late as the Rags had trouble with one of the Lovers at the creek crossing Call at 4000 feet Belita Populus balsamifera Ratius (white pt) Call at 3500 Elaeocarpus ? Vto Ribbered Alder 3000 Lepidogrypha Call 2800 ft Albee. Tuesday, Aug 12. To camp on Bean River 3 or more small frogs Walk down to Washburne and after taking our suppers left Then on went out to the top and camped 3 miles from Hwydall - or about half way To Bobine. Tongo? [illegible] at 2600 feet Hugua Collectors at 1504 Bendthorn [illegible] [illegible]

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Wednesday Aug 13 To butcheria N. of here Got away from camp rather late as the horses had gone bad, came about 8 miles along trail and had lunch at a creek Then with a few deer feeding up the creek valley to the North and followed it to Turbulus when we camped overnight a number of bats as shot some. Put out a few traps at Turbulus Thursday August 14. Camp at Turbulus Mr. Cram started early with Joe and went up on the hill to the North to look for sheep. I went up on ridge to look for camp. Observed a few Honey Marmots, Lemmings, Plentiful. Saw track of very large wolf near camp. On ridge saw some song finches and a white tailed plunger with young 3 sage 2 rusty quail. Luke came back lately and said he saw trout 7 gurgles, with foot Cuts on the side above camp. Mr. Cram returned with late and reported a very difficult day and no signs of sheep Josh some grouse and Corbongs at camp

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Friday August 15 To near Stump Camp Left our camp in Wb. N. of the Bobin Trail in afternoon and went down to trail and eastward about 14 miles to the forks of Bear River where we camped in good time. Saw a snake [illegible] and took a [illegible] of Franklin's grass Red squirrels are rather scarce, but reach to near timberline Saturday August 16 To Fort Bobina Went eastward on the Trail Had dinner on the summit east of Stump Camp. My Barometer read 4100 feet at highest point on trail. The actual demise is about 3900 feet. Country dry and burned one. Beyond the demise we descended rather abruptly and soon entered heavy coniferous timber. Spruce Fair and occasional stretches of Lodge pole pine. There is a very heavy growth of under- brush including Devil's club. We got to Fort Bobina rather late. It is situated on the eastern shore of Bobinahole, just above its outlet, and is quite a typical H.B. Post.

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Sunday Aug 17. Fort Baldwin Remained at Fort Baldwin Finishing up specimens & Cleaned up. Put out a Line of Traps Monday August 18. Babinie Forth Gaggs & Perrympecum and Shot a number of birds Engaged Dakotors to go with us to the end of the trip more plans to go on tomorrow [illegible] coyotes Thursday August 19. To Salmon Creek Left Babinie about 11 o'clock and Came about 12 miles camping a mile or so beyond Salmon Creek. The Trail led up over a hill through mixed woods and then descended past Halls Lake and Salmon Lake which outlet into Babinie Lake More up specimens more See track of Mule deer about 5 miles out of Babinie

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Wednesday August 20 To Mary Lake Started early and came about 15 miles Camping at Sanger (Mary) Lake. Saw augus Quarry rats at creek Creek Downs -3 mile Before camping Barometer at highest point read 760 feet. Ducked shot a black bear at night camp Thursday August 21 To Fool's Lake Made a rather late start and went to Fool's Lake about 3 o'clock. Turned across and made camp on dust side Friday August 22 Jackla Lake Started about 9.30 in August Canal for head of Cube Lake and an Indian boy taking the horses by the trail. Had lunch at old crossing where Daniel Jagger hara house and used to operate the ferry. Carried a creek just below, which is said by lake to lead into a lake which outlet, also to the Omneear. Head Coyote at noon Saturday Aug 23 Biddleley House Fork specimens and made up all to date. The name of Biddleley House start just above and camp at the mouth of a small creek. Signs of Bears and Mountain goat in Marsh at head of Lake. A good many geese are about and they are said by the Indian to nest and dribbler do. Some ducks also. The mountains opposite are said to be inhabited by many mountain goats and some prongh deer. There are said to have practically exterminated the hairy mammoth

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Sunday Aug 24. Buckley 5 12 miles wth Driftwood We left rache late and left the trail which followed the valley of the Driftwood to the last of the river occasionally touching it. Climbed a creek about 10 miles up. Saw groups of beaver, bear and minks. Rabbit common. Our night camp was about three miles above the creek, on the bank of Driftwood River. Caught a trout in evening a canoe of Indians when I was broken from Bean Lake including Bean Lake Indian Janes dinner post after we camped (Monday Aug 25 7 to 8 miles Leaving Driftwood) We made a good start and took the trail northwards. It continued good passing through mixed woods and several stretches of pine thickets in level ground. Saw a good many grouse. Chipmunks pretty common. Saw foxes, cat marten and Fisher. Rabbits quite common.

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Tuesday Aug 26 Driftwood River The Forenoon was very rainy, and we remained in camp. It did not stop until afternoon and we thought best not to start. Finished up my work Got a lot of note on mammals from Joseph Doidon on Bahn man. Set snares for rabbits and a trap for mink. Wednesday Aug 27 Chief Creek Four rabbits and a mink, followed the Track up the Driftwood for about 4 miles when I left and ascended the valley of chief creek. About 3 miles from the main the track forked, the left branch being marked as going to Bear Lake and as a Bad Trail. The other ascended quite rapidly. We camped in pine and fir woods on slaty ground at 3300 feet. Thursday August 28 Chief Creek We left camp in good time and followed the trail up the valley. It went through balsam swamps and over gravelly ridges and ascended at quite a rate. We made camp about 5 o'clock near the summit at an altitude of 3801 feet by the side of a fine alpine marsh. Set traps in the marsh Drawn our signs of moose on the side of the trail opposite, and I saw a fresh track in the marsh.

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Friday August 29 To Palisade Trail 4500 feet Jordan hunted up a trail which he thought wound into no acres, a pass to the Mounted Palisade Trail. We left a good time and followed a blazed trail through the Balcony woods. Had dinner near the David fort far below but climbed then went on and soon reached the summit passing through a series of beautiful alpine meadows. Summit 10,00 feet from altitude came in some Milan Plumpigan and shot a pair. This man quits a lot but they soon very week Jordan tells me that this bird (Milan Plumpigan) as on the Balcony Mts and in the Mts about Jocladak. Luke says that once he found the eggs of this bird on the flat near Sheep Creek where the Jocladak Trail crosses. It is common also on Silver Creek in the Ommner Monday Sept 1 Sett P. Connelly for awhile space about 4,000 feet above all about and a bit of the Mts. It went off shortly during the day. I took Zebra to mountains along Papua. Practically no birds about. Tuesday Sept 2 Sate Post Compulsely Cold and rainy and little being observed a few birds but could not accomplish much. We are trying to arrange to get a man to take up to a certain mountain on the Sentat others sheep and ward [illegible]

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Wednesday Sept 3 Site Tent Connally It rains all day and we move Do nothing but try to keep as Comfortable as possible. Thursday Sept 4 To near Smithsicut. We left about mid afternoon and join the True Connecticut River. About 4 pm down in the main fishing place of the Indians who are more busy at their Salmon Fishing We crossed Bear River to the west bank about 2 o'clock at about 7 miles and had known them have Ruffed Grouse only before as good perch and below from them quite common and saw several specimens. Fish also a 8 x 9 Spine grouse which seen to be unusually typical for the region. Camped rather late not far from the river

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Friday Sept 5 Across Skema River Left in good time and travelled in rain about 6 mile to the Skema fallon Mth of Sustut The trail strike the river at a Lomt when thin is a miniature Canyon and the remains of an Indian bridge This is said to have been built long ago by the Stoney and BearLake Indians who met by appointment and finished the Bridge in 7 days. It has not been out of commission about 25 years We carried our outfit heliways across the horses. Had dinner on 1 side and then took the trail towards Bearlake. It skirted around Nopim and skates the valley of the Sustut for a short distance and then began to climb the hills through Canyon J Skema about 15 or 20 mile and I reached my 4 mile at sta 3:00 at upper limit Saturday Sept 6 Sustut Valley We left fairly early and travelled about 17 miles in the valley of the Sustut though not near to Skema River. At about 3:07 pm came to a stream of red gurgly meadows and followed that all the afternoon camping late at 6:00 p.m. just west of from's Mt. arrived about on the other side. The man lasted rains These enclosures alternate with thickets of heavy timber with some devil's club, Jordan can Fracture J Moore core and calf. In dam till one he went (only one) to Europe red headed woodpecker (Cephalos) at Indala Lake 10 miles below leading a little bonus given since Mother north -> [illegible]

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Friday Left 7. In camp Rain heavily latter part of the day and practically all day. Rainstorm on the hills near, a good deal of which went off in the day did not reach because of rain [illegible] Monday Left 8. 12 miles along trail We left rather late in the rain and continued along the trail Crossed a couple of tributaries of the Susitna in the woods and then after about 4 miles came out into a series of alpine meadows which except for the continual rain proved to be comparatively dry. Cross & Dorton shot some mammoths Lemmings very common ascended a tributary and crossed an open basin around the Mt. to the Sustitna, carrying a long barrel at a. after about 4 miles and arrived and camped about 10 miles. Tuesday Sept. 9. Eastward toward Susitna We left rather late in the rain and soon left the Susitna trail on our left and crossing a tributary of the stream crossed yesterday, we continued down the valley of the combined river, in an easterly direction and on the N side of the valley. For some distance it rained and snowed all day. We crossed a broad swamp and continued along the edge of a steep meadow on the south side of which rose a high abrupt Mt. The meadow continued for some distance across the left side while the chain was long descended into a narrow valley on the eastern side. Cam her last day 1 August and pulled out on the first of September. Killed on small part. 26 grouse & 3 ptarmigan in the mountain. Largely, 40 each one Good hog for you

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Wednesday Sept 10. . E. Torrid Sustat We remained in camp until nearly noon. Eason went about four miles down and across the valley to look over the Country. Coming back he reported shooting a caribou and 2 [illegible] things. We thought it our route day down this valley we left after lunch and port crept through the creek and shinned and cut up the canyon. The [illegible] on down the valley and camped less than 5 miles from our camp. I lost right. It continued to rain and snow all day and the snow on the mts. daily increases in depth. Brushed up all specimens a series of high rugged peaks bordering the N side of the valley while across is a patch of this big Mts. we camped near yette. Thursday Sept 11 Near Scottist The day was [illegible] that we had not snow. Eason went some miles down the valley and set some traps. He reported that it became more canyon like and snow [illegible] bordered by slick ice Several goats seen from our camp. Friday Sept 12 Both sides of valley It rained in the night but was warmer and the snow is going off the lower slopes. We decided not to attempt to go with Sustat this way as the streams are all frozen and it is almost certain that we could not cross. We left in mid afternoon and [illegible] our course up the valley and camped near the canyon coche. Set a line of traps. Rained heavily in afternoon. Lubricous a [illegible] in the morning.

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Saturday Sept 13. In camp. Remained in camp. Mr. Crows and Jordan climbed the Mt. which lies N.N.E. of our camp, and then circled the valley and climbed another loft. N.N.W. They over [illegible] 2 grizzly bear, black bear, mule deer, caribou and goats, and one of the latter, also one rabbit. signs of rabbits and rare near old camp at 4150 feet Diet in the day collecting and preparing specimens. For our evening The day was mostly without rain, and was very cold for its Miles. Saw more birds than for some time. Sunday Sept 14 6 miles N Rained in night and snow everywhere above timberline. For one weasel in fork and shot a few birds. In afternoon pushed up and started around Mt. toward the Indian Trail I taking a short cut through a valley seen by Crows yesterday. The Trail led through meadows, thickets and woods 2 for about mid afternoon we passed a beaver pond in which one Fox horned Saw an old bear, Jordan and I named White, and by pushing the brush down there out land I shot a small one. We caught up with the others at dusk at camp in balsam sent at the Crest and I an artillery flat. Camp at 4801 feet

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Monday Sept 15 In Camp The day was so rainy that we did not more. In the afternoon we heard a shot and [illegible] went to investigate. He found Peter, an Indian known to both himself and Luke, and made [illegible] arrangements for him to guard up to Thutade Mt. while they as said to vacate. He is camped on Coho Creek and we will go through tomorrow. Peter has killed 42 Canton [illegible] Tuesday Sept 16 To Coho Cr We left about 11 and went up through the valley Cross & Jordan went across the valley after a supper jogging. Went up through a beautiful alpine valley and across a pass about 5,000 feet. Then went down to Coho Creek and camped at 4,600 feet. Peter has a camp house as his home as his wife and 3 children. The Coho Salmon come up this creek which is here may 4 or 5 feet wide. Now mule deer tracks on Montana [illegible]

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Wednesday Sept 17. I. Near Thudale. The day was fine. We left about noon and went Northward up the rally beyond Thudale. Camped about 2 miles from Thudale. The sun rose in the East and set in the West. We saw many Stormparrs the day and shot two. About our camp in the night when daylight was just coming the willow flange were very active and many flying about and settling on the grassy flats. Believe me that no carbon remains a matter about 1800 Take the Sault Mt or about five miles all going north to the ridge about its head gets Slated they go to Sept 17th at 6am. 1943 Thursday Sept 18. To Summit beyond Thudale. We left a good time and took the Trail down the valley of the Creek, another the main trail keeps on beside the creek side and goes to the N side of Thudale. Descended along the creek of the Mt eastward and we soon had a view up Thudale like descending. We crossed a broad Creek over knee deep. The peaceful affluent 2 Thudale at this creek We then crossed a broad burned area with willow, Impelirium where many grizzlies had been feeding. We then ascended a small creek after every along a long slope (The Indians call this valley Willahop (meaning the Grizzly fall down)) and crossed at about 5 miles above Thudale. We then ascended the rally for a small tributary for the South and gained new timberline at 5100 feet. We have a well marked Indian trail, much used long ago but now seldom followed. They say that horses for new settlement.

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Fine day Friday Sept 19 To head Tattlebury We left upport time, we ascended about 2000 ft. and had to descend again before going far because of precipice went through and along the Tik and reached head of Tattle Fury Lake at camping time. Eros Monate out at 600 feet. also Echinacea and both one Bass Citellus at 11 and 2 pass past Silver Timberline, to trucker limit line. The party on several carriers and on black bear. For 3 got from spring camp in Mito on west side Tattlebury 2 or 3 glosse seen on East side of upper part of Tattlebury. 10 miles Ice-gis chone not Lake north So called from it, rocky shore, Saturday Sept 20 Head Tattlebury. Ran in night and every morning and about all afternoon Motion err gryggy & Lamb on 23th & East and after from Mr. & Mrs. Gordon went after her was made a bridge over creek above camp. The Tattlebury River comes from the 5 M. through a broad valley. Lake is flanked on both sides at its head by stick and pines, etc. The range which the other length of the Lake

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Tuesday Sept 21 Head Intelligency Through the day was not fine we concluded I hunt Mr. Cox. Peter went along the foot of the range down. The lake while Jordan T.S. went up the creek valley Auction common on Mt. Son Mt. Ash which the Sweeney call by a name which means move wood. Also we heard elk at The camp altitude 5,000 grizzly bear & elk butts cub paid by Indians to the 2 1/2 years old Struthers contains nothing but Impenetrable trees. After along been we went across the valley and walked as far as we dared along the mountains. Rain snow all the afternoon. Started back at 5 and came for breakfast. The necks of miles flamingos are beginning to show white Monday Sept 22. Camp at Tallulah Put on the day or specimen Luke & Jordan went with horses brought him skins + meat to camp A mid-afternoon Mr. Tan & Peter stood. No signs of sheep. Saw about a dozen goats

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Tuesday Sept 23 Jackson & I went up the valley beyond when we [illegible] while Mr. Cross & Petrie with the other [illegible]. We found the two side valleys to be impractical for game and retired in evening. Through we [illegible] to Camp [illegible] Marmota still active at [illegible] For Cross & Petrie fired about 3 shots about noon but we could not see where the one In the uppermost of the valleys we explored was a Lake 2503 miles long very deep and clear. It rolled a rapid creek about [illegible] wide comes out at the base of the terminal moraine which dams the lake about 157 yards below the lake. Both a photo [illegible] the Lake! Some tracks & another graph Wednesday, Sept 24 Mr. Cross did not when went out in Johnson with Jordan & Traps. Retired at noon but [illegible] wait on some east side of lake. I put in the afternoons on [illegible]. Both Eber & Muelta recognizable. Dixon retired in evening with a bear. He saw a silver fox but missed it. Shot another bear but lost it. The Indian say that the grizzlies in the valleys always go m. earlier than those high up. Because they come out earlier and get fat early in the fall, while those which live on the highs have to wait until late to get fat.

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a fine clear day Left 25 With along Fattie Tucy Jordan + Hilt 2nth peaks to go into mt's along W. Mary Lake went down about 6000 ft. then went up the hills to the west ascending through a pass at a little slope. Timberline seen. Stillly water flow, and a red fox also many tracks. A few grown Stogs active above timberline Som great tracks, corner a saddle at about 6300 and wound down into valley on other side looking down on a deep lake in a steep valley valley. Beyond is Pitt gre clone Some several canton trees (also some at furmion along Lake where) for a camping place. After settling our miles for sleep we descended a valley toward the foot of Fattie Tucy, and camped at about 6000 ft just below Timberline Friday Sept 26 Back to head of Fattie Tucy Left before dawn and went down the valley crossed a spur of the Mt. Just below the buttress of Fattie Tucy, and went down to the track which comes from that place from the Stikine reaches the trail about 2 miles before Lake, and went up to our old camping place of 3 years ago. Then took the old Indian Trail up the lake. It was inland 600 ft. of a big point a 3 hrs distance set out all the way up to our camp arriving at dusk. Made about 25 miles from my camp. Day warm and flies active. Took some Flamingo Found that Mr. Cox had settled a few I guess the first day out. No other game. For the goats on Mt. at dusk Some Lupins still in flower Signs of woodrats abundant on cliff I note 51' N foot of Fattie Tucy at about 4500 ft. Barometer now registers for high (laterally right)

Monday Sept 29 Head Falls Creek Another rainy evening day. Mrs Cross retired to evening. Tommy killed Rocking Gailin brought back 3 mudcats Are prepared to start on tomorrow Mrs Cross saw ground squirrels Tired, coming over. Tuesday Sept 30 8 miles. RAV We left about noon from Barrangal to shoot a young goat for meat. The went unavoidably into the creek and after about 4 miles came out into a beautiful open flat Saw a red fox, occurred on + against many plump kangaroos collecting 2. This carried a little ridge & Skeena water. So we went down through the scenic bascain to the other valley we saw a good sized male kangaroo on the opposite side of the valley from ours, shot here Skeena. Saw 4 more came here. Rain I know in latter part of afternoon, all very cold in evening. Saw chipmunk at head of Lake at camp. Many ground squirrels. Lobo seen at head of Creek. But none out.

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Wednesday Oct 1 5 miles down [illegible] We went down the creek which came from the N. and then went westward around a rocky hill, following a well marked trail. It descended a very steep wooded slope. The stream falling about 400 feet in a series of cascades. Then we went for about 3 miles through thick balsam & Spruce and came out into a broad place where we camped early. A [illegible] found as just below. Balsam pines of fair age up to 4600 feet. Morning Camp 5000 feet of descent 4600 Night Camp 4100 Thursday Oct 2 9 miles down Mademica About 4 miles from our early morning Peter Humes Park after helping us pick up left about 10.30 and went westward down the valley. Crossing a tributary from the N.S. after about 6 miles. Then entered a large forested area and followed down still on the N side of the Mademica for about 3 miles and camped at Hovels. For Vitis dalea at 4000 feet. Some tracks of two moose & Dahoon saw a 2 year old black bear He says that the young bears stay with the mother in the winter here the first winter when they are nearly 2 years old and thereafter den up by themselves. Night camp 3400

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Friday Oct 3. 16 miles A slight snow flurry in early morning. Left on good time and ran down the valley about 10 miles crossed the Makakalen on log bridge over a canyon. The horses forded a quarter of a mile above forde in forsome mainly subernt below the Makakalen we entered a Creeks burnt fresh and went through it at the afternoons camping Close to the river and minute end of the burn at 3000 feet. Shot rabbit saw porcupine a short distance back of night camp The evening fine. Saturday Oct 4. 16 miles Left Camp at 9.30 and wind wheerwait down the valley. After a couple of miles we took both right and crossed a little ridge to a tributary just through a burn and then down through a green timber. When nearly down to the creek a mountain goat stood 2 years old ran believable late as the former home which he was going. The goat was secured. We ascended the valley of the creek and found on one right a couple of lakes. I camped in the North of the upper lake some about 10 miles.

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Sunday Oct 5 8 miles Left at 7.30 x went west for about 4 miles after brush we followed the well marked Trail which led arnd the end of the MtB and then Southward down a long with The Trail has been much travelled by horses Camped at 5. Sam rabbit nearly half white Monday Oct 6 30 Crossing about 3 miles I snow during night. Saw several Trochs when camps. Travelled down the valley still going nearly due south after about 4 miles we crossed a N South line Cut through the timber. A little beyond the trail turned from the valley of the Bear Shean South eastward. Followed the Trail when at cat seen to front and a series of clean finds, and I saw Fox swimming about the trail descended about 3 miles beyond the river when we passed within 2 miles. Our camped with a Rock and raft which we found here and camped in the Southward at dusk a more bird to see the moon before the camp + was killed by Dordon. We shoot Tucker line before Tom's Jacksons Camp about 300 feet

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Tuesday Oct 7 Left Cite as we had to climb up Track. I came about 4 miles from Jodhons Camp up the valley for further [illegible] pine groves where something had eaten [illegible] Wednesday Oct 8 We left our camp early and followed the Trail. It ascends up the valley. The Trail gradually climbing out of the valley through a brush front. (Shrub) The Ashcroft Trail at 11 at B.L.A. Company Camp (Coal). From here this Trail crosses [illegible] trail. We had dinner on the Road about a mile and a half from B.C.A. I then went up about 2 1/2 miles. I camped a short distance below Timberline.

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Thursday oct 9 8 miles Across Groutlhy Left at 845 and climbed up the Tore at hutchelus for a flock of Wt ptarmigan and both Dors. Summit of pass 57 or 60 feet by aneroid About 3 1/2 mile across from timber to timber. Had dinner at hutch below and splinter Came 3 miles I camped near Horosfield. Saw Struck 2 mertens for 4 4-wcodel or Mountain Also 2 grov-logued who [illegible] hole for short distance Friday Oct 10 14 miles Left in Gostine and followed Groutlhy Creek southwestward. Reached Kendall [illegible] club at noon at about 3000 feet. Much alder in open places in valley. Timber very heavy, mealy, coniferous Mastenecin Rubus (whitafleod [illegible]) Rubus strigosum Rubus large white Vaccinium (large) Cornus canadensis Camp a little below 3000 feet

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Saturday Oct 11 To Head Blodwater Started at 9 o'clock and came southwesterly about 5 miles. Then left the valley The stream we have described Black River S.S. and crossed over a few ridges & which the Telegraph line about 11.30 just beyond we crossed Spraying Creek which as a stream about 50 feet wide a quarter of a mile beyond we came to a small clearing with a fur Indian home. This man the Chief Womminowch (The big Wolverine) He kills grizzly & black bear + more and last year killed 5 Caribou just before his house He has just come from near Kleptar where he made ground bring 50 good spears but has sent out the skins. Like tells me that they see deer miles in height Tuesday Oct 12 To 5 m. south Sth Cabin Left at 8.30 and came at 11 7 miles to 5th Cabin about 4 o'clock from camp are crossed the divide between Gas & Skeena water The divide is so low that a Creek which comes down from the east flows to either side and salmon sometime cross from one creek to the other At the divide we crossed to the west side of the valley and about 3 miles below came to 5th Cabin where we had dinner In the afternoon we descended Almanzest Creek from the lake (the same river (at cabin) about 5 miles and camped in big woods. (at about 2500 feet) About the divide the country was called by the Indians Kitangard (The bitter place) from the Alaskan side which was commemorated Dorson tells me that at Behan

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many mallards goldeneyes and some other species winter at the outlet of the lake when the waters remain open. These are at the narrow Falta Lake when the currents keep the ice from forming. These last feet in the other Tahoe, Fallen & Stewart Lakes. The cross also winter at behind The ducks feed on Salmon eggs at dead salmon and are not good to eat. We saw both 2 much matter fisher shortly after leaving camp. Monday oct 13 To Skeena River Left at 9:30 and travelled along the road. Day fine sherry part of mountains. Reached a low mountain after about 3 miles and ascended it for 3 more. The trail preceded to 3800 and then was about 6 miles. I saw that we had dinner on the summit. Then we descended very slowly. Reached the half way cabin near the Skeena at 5 and camped close to the time a couple 7 miles beyond as 1900ft. No snow here. Dr. Croe went on to 7th Cabin from dinner camp. [illegible]

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Tuesday Oct 14 In Poison Mt Reached 4th Cabin about 11.30 Had dinner with Maxwells and went on about 6 miles beyond came to the Horsay Cabin at 2000 feet Here we met John Veale, a Miner. Camped - deep works near the cabin Canyon Creek was crossed about a mile and a half before we reached it. Wednesday Oct 15 To 3rd Cabin Left at 8. and after about half a mile crossed a creek which is said to be about 16 miles long and to head near a branch of the Pass. We then began to climb Poison Mt. Went up about 1000 feet in a mile or less and then went for about 5 miles along the Mt at about 3000 feet. Cabin on Mt. We then descended sharply to the Sierra and had dinner after 1 o'clock at 1750 feet where a creek (Carson Creek) comes in. Beside Mt. Fruit or Poison Mt. are a number of small Caves and here the Indians sold where they bought their vocational and several of the dead were thrown into the Lake. Traces of marten & bear

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Thursday Oct 16 To Old Kulelo (1500) Left at 9:30 and continued on through The open for a while when The ford was fairly good except when it became a creek. Saw deerfeed act for deer. Seen fresh tracks of black bear, mountain lion, pronghorn, rabbit. Main dinner at 12 at Cotton Flat a little grumpy open place (1600) We camped at Old Kulelo the site of a once populous Indian village. Now the stelkheads are fallen in number about 90 or 100 years ago a nearly as seemed broken. The Stikenes surprised the village and killed nearly all the people driving them into the canyon. The village was for a time occupied by a few people but is now deserted except by our family. Sycamore (with many berries) Crataegus Viburnum Lan Vaccaria below Poplar? Aspen Belly berry white spruce, white fir? Hemlock Poplar's site had many Larix triloba atro half denuded Friday Oct 17 To 2nd Cabin We left in good time and followed the trail through the coniferous woods. About 4 o'clock we came out on a burnt dry bench and saw 2nd Cabin. We owned a good-sized creek and followed along its bank for a while or so and then climbed the bank to the cabin. Went in about a mile and camped about South on the edge of a large open flat.

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Sunday oct 18 To Divide We left at 12 in a snowstorm and went down the valley Left the river after about 3 miles and ascended gradually through heavy woods. Camped at Mark at 1900 feet in sleep wood. Monday Oct 19 To 1st Cabin Left about 10 am and went on the muddy trail. Passed a lake with grassy shores on our right. About 24 miles we came to the Halfway Cabin when we had dinner. Then we went through a brush place and generally descended. It was dark when we had made about 8 miles but we had to keep on and reached the Prophecy Wall at the 1st Cabin at 31 miles from Hazelton between 8 & 9. Camped beside a cabin. Sun Thuya & glory cloud Shab at about 1200 feet Hazelnut at Cabin at 1107

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Monday Oct 20 Left at 11 30 and followed the trail down a wagon road down the Kopiout valley through poplar woods with some spruce I pine Camped at dark near Taylors at the siding of a machine who used to be on the Telegraph line No rain Camped at Ranch by Chas E. Elsbury Tuesday Oct 21 To Glen Bonar: There was little rain in the forenoon. We left about 10 and followed down the wagon road the Cross road ahead to get to Auzellis ahead of the Tram. The road led from the Kopiout valley. We had dinner at a small creek about 7 miles down as on the P.O. trail. Rain came on and increased and we reached the village below Kopiout about 5 o'clock in a heavy rain. Camped in the house of an Indian relative of Luke, named Edward. Bought a pair of shoes from which the aid man lent me to ploughed up at a depth about a foot when I made the garden a ground that had not been cleared many years and had never been ploughed before

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Wednesday Oct 22 7 m. Left at 90 and got to 4ozellits about 1 o'clock Found all my specimens sent in from Babud & the street. Put in the afternoon overhauling and fishing. The train is not running and I cannot get away until Thursday. Mr MacPherson & Babud let me that 3 years ago there were quite a number of Deer other about a large Kelp Flats on the west coast of 2. Le Polu's rear and that there are some on the W coast of Vancouver Is. For many years they seemed to have disappeared entirely but for within recent years become more frequent. I saw a deer this summer on the E shore of Little lake about 20 miles below T's Landing.

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Thursday Oct 23 Hazelton Oct 24 Oct 25 Sunday Oct 26 to R. Rupert Monday 27 enroute to Rance. Friday 28 reached Rance. Wed. 29 Rance. Thursday 30 left men F Friday 31 reached Banff Saturday Nov 1 Regina at night Sunday Nov 2 Winnipeg in Morning F+William night Monday Nov 3 White River morning

Mallard, quong tent and a queshaway (probably Bunny) rest about What les lue Luh as well as gress

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Siccane by Joseph Sichore de - djej Grand hog & had yomge a-dia-su old one - goota young one es-cha Moose & kattah (moose) dja-yu (bull) & kattah " tsa. ♀ x yng drazhét calf Caribou - wu-chis-choh (by bee) ama- ♀ Goat a-pha " large & a-pha-yu fox nu-sa-ha porcupine deh choo-k " small karl-sut-le marten oos-de-key Siccane & noos-di-ket Taheton fisher nu-gashe Siccane & Saap-dez Taheton grizzly - Loh- black bear pus or pass

mnkh - tatle atter - ka-su wrenel m-bi wolf yis coyote che-tas-thle sheep - taipr beau tea-a walnerme nu-grah shuch grous di plomugan kas-ta blue grouse diz-cho ruffed grouse dag-quasa from the bung

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Hadaljetagle is named a commemorating a fight between the Deedans and Indians, and the Sheena River people in which the Catawba won all killed. It is the place where the Indians "ate up" the Hadatz The outlet of Nwit les Blue is called by the Successes the Shetan Etc. man tribute as the Chapaatanne. The Indian village Tulon is Mettano- atarni The next tributary below from the Saints as called Joe hadgvey (to scrape stone) (The place where there is plenty to eat) a metasalmonni Chapaatanne in the cottonwood place Diet cho ma go - the place where "the price of the mountain fell Sleep about 8 or 10 year ago m. Mts. near 26 mi. Jordan's very killed me the Elevation, from H. T. Nation's note at 4th Cabin Grimshoy Damnd. 5700 Jackson Camp 3100 5th Cabin 2450 4th Cabin 1800 Summit of Jord. S.D. 13400 Jct of Blue & Palis From 1940

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5431 Fired P. Stream Feb. 1913. on a B.William Cally the Perce 10d 4 8m n Canada June/73 For Carborn get albert at Kitgolas. Newboth...a few on Firelan Pass 4 at Sheena of cross below Frost