Field Notebook: CO 1952b

Waage, Karl

1952

Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History

Original Source

Source Material:
Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

paleontology stratigraphy fossils Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway ammonoids

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156 Pages

6 1952 doc. 477 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY LOOSE-LEAF FIELD NOTEBOOK 9-137

K.M. Waage NOTEBOOK 6 1952 CONTENTS Page [6553] Notes from aerial photos, Weaver Gulch to Dutch Cr. (AIN-48-08,-06) — 1 Resume - Weaver Gulch → Dutch Creek — 8. Notes from 2 p's, Dutch Cr to Massey Draw — 10. (AIN-49-06, '04) Resume' - Dutch Cr - Massey draw — 12 [6553] A. P. notes - Massey dr. → Deer Cr. AIN 48-04 and 48-93 — 13 A. P. notes - Alameda → Morrison AIN-50-19 and 50-21 — 15 Resume' - Alameda - Morrison — 21 A. P. notes - Morrison → Turkey Cr. (AIN 50-21, 49-08) — 25 Doughty Plainview clay pit → Utiger plznt — 27 A. P. notes - Massey dr - Deer Cr. & S' Deer Cr. AIN-48-93 and AIN-48-95 — 29 Deer Cr. Area Resume' — 35 * A. P. notes - Nameless Cr - N side, include (AIN-46-45) NAMELESS CREEK SECTION — 37 Stratig notes - Nameless Cr. 92p — 40 A. P. notes - B.O.V.-32-8, Nameless Cr to Platte River — 42 Golden area, A.P. notes - AIN 50-38 — 45 * Verdos Ranch section (B.O.V. 32-8) — 46 South Platte - Helmer hogback A.P. notes (B@V. 33-85 ) — 52 O Helmerqpp - Willow Cr. (B.O.V. 33-83) — 64 A. P. notes & sections. Resume' - South Platte to Willow Cr. clay distribution. — 70

IS AIN+B.O.V. aerial photos? if so where are they not at Yale prob. yes-see contents p.1 of N+bk 6.

JURASSIC PARKING Y.P.S. No 9321

June 21 - Met Lee Dowdy of Plainview who is opening 'Dakota' there-- Date for morning of 28. New Bigger - beaumont in the upper clay beds M5010 xxxx < 1/4our top

NOTEBOOK 6 AIN-49-08, 16. Section 1. From Ntbk 6 1" = 10' For Fig. 18 Benton obscured? photo numbers for ss -2 -1. Sample 3 0. sample 1 Dakota Glencairn Bevr Creek bed bentouite (sample 2) First Glencairn Sand. first ss subunit 16 Contact with Kessler SS obscured

AIN-49-08. 16. Exposure of sandstone with interbedded clay, on top of rim ledge of hogback. Section #1 (ascending) Obscured 15.0t Fine to med. gr. massive to ledgy, cross-laminated sandstone, grey fresh brown-weathering 3.8 Finely blocky Silty carb. clay, hard, plant frags. blocky fracture About 1" of bentonite-like material 2.0 from top. [This bed is Sample 2] Below this is 1/2" bed hard silty clay then soft highly silty, dk brownish cast shale, becoming progress siltier down ward. Bszl .9 not fresh. Sample #1 is at upper 2' above bentonitic layer. 2.0 Siltstone grading upward to fine-grass, lower 2t inches somewhat argill.,all hard, rusty brown weath.-some rootlet impressions. 3.7 Shaly zone 3.3 Dk gr. clay sh. (weath.) Sample#3 3.8 <- Sandstone, lower 8 has some shell petings, thin beds, locally frizble, upper 3.0 is fine-gr with siltst. zones, plant frags weath: rusty br.

AIN-49-08 (Section II) cont. 5.0 Shaly zone, obscured by wash. 2.4 Fine gr to silty, x lam, plant frags brown wether. 2.2 Shaly zone .4 Argill, siltst. 1.0 Clay shale some lb, shly siltst. dk gray. Thin interbedds siltst. .8 Platy siltst. with thin beds fine ss Discont? worn faults & irreg pitted surface. 10.2 Sandstone, fine gr, massive to lody x lam. weather brown. local plant frags.. Silty zone + .5, 3.8 above base, breaks ledge. 3.5 Shaly or silty zone, obscured * 2.0+ Soundstone, massive x 1zm, red-br. weather, fine gr. This appears to be top lody * On ditch path this is partially exposed, is white siltstn, loc. Sndy irreg. bedd, platy, plant frags. 17. Fossils from float. These from upper flubby layers within, and possibly near base of the second Glencairn sh. it below contact with ledge that forms rim of hogback N & s of swale. Found- Inoceramus comancheanus?, Pteris salincensis? Also 3-lobed leaf in whitess from 2nd shale. lense lower pt lst ss? Also in float. AB17 2

AIN-49-08 18. Glenczurn-Lytle contact Even bedded brown wethss 3rd Glenczirm Blsh- with shaly Massive x IZm band SS clay str claystone - weather Red Fe cap Lytle ss. ? To north claystone zone thickens and contact is between ss & ss and difficult to put finger on. 19. Clay bed here. Crop indicates plastic with flinty layers in top, about 4', It is the uppermost of the 3 small clays under the Dakota. May be worth prospecting here though thin. Note- Glenczurn-Lytle contact:- In this area some difference from Turkey Creek section where it is blsh. on weather claystm. Here SS unit, loc. coltc, lies between 3rd Glenczurn sand and weather clstu/ or Fe capped Lytle-type sand. This unit resembles Lytle in its massive - x bedded structure, but commonly more dense & compact like overlying sands. Also tends to weather to brown rather than pink/orange brown as in Lytle sands. At AIN-49-06, 1, The 3rd Glenczurn sits in sharp contact on this SS + 4th shale out. SS unit also sits directly on Fe cap of Lytle & weather clstu out. 3.

From Nbk 6 58 55 120

AIN-49-06 1. Section I; From top Morrison up thru 3rd Glenczirn 10.0+ Wash covered slope covering contact with Morrison-beautonic?zone at base. 25.0 Sandstone, cryptic, massive, cross-bedded light gray to white with pink+ orange brown stain. Base is soft, friable. 4.0+ Variegated clayslone, silty to sandy. 30.5 Sandstone, massive, fine to med gr, crossbedded, pitted, light gray washes gray, pink, orange bra. 5.8 Variegated claystone, mostly brick red some purple 24.0 Sandstone fine to cryptic, x-bed massivw some coloring as below.. At to 2' red conc zones & Fe layers Discont. 6.6 Sandstone, massive, light gray Sharp > cryptic streaks, x bedd, brown wash. contact 13.8. Sandstone, evenbedded x/2m brown wash. platy (Glenczirn 3) numerous worm tubes in thru lower beds. 12.0 Sandstone, thin bedded, platy, with lb. shely siltstone. (Glenczirn 3) Third Glenczirn shale, lies above. Attitude to 3rd SS N 10W, 37 E Totals-Little 89.3 -SS unit above discont: 6.6 -3rd Glenczirn 25.8

(2) Base of Dakota - a double clay bed here. One under Dakota somewhat difficult to trace to next draw north through scrub oak. N. of next drew N. this bed is continuous for considerable distance - almost to Weaver Gulch, & locally has plastic clay, judging from muck on outcrop. Some flinty layers near top. (3) Swale, some of 1st Glencairn⁵⁴ may be in here, but SS's are thick and to north no beds clay as thick as one right under Dakota. (4) First Lytle-like SS below 3rd Glencairn coarsly celtic in upper 7-8 ft. Pebbles up to 2" mostly chert + quartzite. (5) Excellent Glencairn-Lyttle contact, shows clearly that the x-bedded celtic SS bed below 3rd Glencairn is in the Glencairn. Here this SS, which weathers deep rusty brown like other Glensands, is massive x-lam, celtic with chert pebbles up to 4" across. Sits on white fine to med.gr. frizble Lytle sand. - See kodachrome (6) Swale result of 1st Glencairn clay? with bentonitic zone lensing in. This means that this zone is out along most of the hogback from Weaver Gulch, where we sectioned it, to here. Possibility that this is not the 1st Glencairn clay, but the bentonitic clay is at base of about 2 ft bed. (7) Same clay as above in for 10't here 5.

Relationships of upper Glencairn clays in Weaver Gulch - Dutch Creek hogback DIAGRAM ATIC (NOT TO SCALE OR TRUE) thicknesses Weaver Gulch Dutch Cr DAKOTA -2 -1 -1 0 0. 1. 1. bentonite move likely 2nd Glencairn Sh 12.3 29.3 416

8 At this point the ss over the clay bed thickens abruptly and the ss under the bed things. This interp. about only possibility. Thickness of ss over is exceptional. 9 Clay thickens, shows following section Sandstone [illegible] unconf. 1.7 Light gray flinty clay gr[illegible] becoming gray and less flinty downward [Sample 1] .9 Dark gray to blue black clay, subconch [Sample 2] 2. 10 YR6/2 soapy feeling (bentonite-like clay) [2] scattered flat sand grains (Separate hand specimen of this clay is Sample 3) Below this bed clay is dirty, shaly silty Note: Here sandstones 0 + -1 appear to coalesce to form cap. 10 Clay bed pinches out completely as SS's above and below coalesce. 11 Section starting from near (4 +/-) top of [illegible] sandstone. 33.0 - Massive cliff even-bedded, x lam, fine to med gr. gray ss, weathers brown. 41.6 - Massive cliff of fine to med ss, even-bed x lam, brown weather. Bench between this & cliff above seems to be from frizible zone, is only on N. side canyon. unconf 3.6 Shaly siltstone + siltstone in thin beds. 8.0 Platy very fine-gr SS and I.B. Siltstone, forms characteristic sloppy outcrop of yellow brown platy ledges. 6.

35.8 ft. to top 2nd ss. along N 27° E N 120° W 30° at base brown platery Slope angle 14° N 200° W 32° top of middle ss 14 21 4 36

3rd Plot - From base platy to top of 2nd ss (see data) above some platy beds just above top of ss with I. cornucervus, ss, is platy, gray, mrgy, bedded, may be only lower part 2nd ss, is bed 3' thick + platy, below is sh with "beaonite in top. Possibly ledymapped here as 2nd ss is actually in zone of 3rd sh, with true 2nd ss observed by slope wash above. 12, Section from 3rd ss down, Top 3rd ss 21.5 - 3rd ss, even bed x /oun bru weth fine-med gr ss. 8.5 - Obscured - blt sh zone, sh present in outcrop at strata level 5 side canyon. 9.0 - Sandstone, massive - x bedd brn weath ? >discont 21.6 Massive x bed. apprx wh ss leasts cyl ss , med-coarse 36.0 Massive cyl ss (Cup slope to NW - red clstu parting comes in between these 2ss. Approx, accs. 10.0+ Zone red, yellow, green clstu. 17.0 Coarse to cystic ss, grey topink to red, where high fl, also pitted in red zones, crizble at base 7. 20

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Below ss slope wash obscures, but patches red clsth as far as 10 ft below, then green begins Resume of hogback geology between Weaver Gulch and Dutch Creek :- Clays between 1st Glencairu sand and Dakota At WeaverGulch 4 clay beds present, separated by sandstone units. None of clay beds thick, lowest has bentonite-like layer above which clay good, below which silty + shaly. This bed is probably main refractory clay bed. It pinches out a short distance s. of where section 1, AIN-49-08, taken. Sandstone beds betw. clays all relatively thin here, but south along hogback they thicken and locelly coalesce. The Most variable are sandstones 0, and -1 (seep.1 this ntbk). O locally increases to 25 or 30 ft near s. end hogback, coalescing at s. end with 1 and -1 to form solid unit of ss. The two clay beds above -1 are persistent, varying in thickness from a foot to as much as 5 feet. No good exposures, but well-defined (double) bench on back slope - clay clay, some clinty frags local plastic muck Dakota -2 One of thickest zones above -2, showing plastic muck, runs N ts of 19, AIN-49-08 Between 6 and 9 on AIN-49-06 the main refractory clay bed comes in and locally reaches 2.8 in thickness. This is its best for hogback segment in question. Locally it contains gray flint clay, somewhat silty, at top. Pinches out to N and S between sandstones 1 and 0. 8.

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Resume (cont) This bed also in for a few ft at 7, A/N:49-06 and at N tip of hogback S. of Weaver Gulch. Summary on clays-Mem ref clay bed out for most of hogback, too thin where in. Contains some flint locally. Upper 2 clay beds most persistent, obscured by wash, probably not worth prospecting. 3rd bed in only in N% of hogback. Conclusions-no commercial ref clay in this segment. Lower part of Glencern 1st SS persistent & forms cap of hogback, joining with O throuout most of hogback and also with -1 at S end. 2nd shale contains plenty orange-brown weathering siltst. & fine ss. Fossils found in some of these either just above or in 2nd SS. Relationship of 2nd shale, 2nd SS & 3rd shale obscure because all are more or less non-resistant & poorly exposed. Actual position 2nd SS not positively located. Identifying bentonites not all located. 3rd SS-unmistable throuout hogback. Underlying black shale in locally but more places 3rd SS sits on 6 to 10 ft bed of X-lam, massive, loc. cryptic, brun-weather.ss that is basal bed of Glencern. Disconformity in some places betw. basal cryptic ss bed & clstn, other places SS on SS. Latter are sharp and spectacular.(Photos) Basal SS bed present throuout hogback Lytle Lytle consists of as many as 3 benches SS, any one locally cryptic, sep. by variegated-mostly red clstn. Top is mostly soft argillss, rarely a good clstn so no chance of weathered clay in this hogback. Contact with Morrison obscure as usual, but if 3 benches SS present clstn beneath 3rd usually green & undoubted Morrison; bentonite locally at top Morrison-9.

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AIN-49-04 Mossey Creek - Dutch Cri hogback 1 clay bed comes in here - about 2' of good clay and some argill. siltstone & sandstone at base. Bed pinched out about 40 ft N & 15 ft south. Identity? no bessel bentonite but its low in section 2 platy beds, underlain by irreg. bedded, rusty weather ss with flinty, bentonite like layer capping it. 3 main clay bed in here, bentonitic-clay at base, for short distance. Between 2 & 3 this horizon marked by wt zone in coalesced overlying & underlying ss. Local clay pebble cgl also marks it, but to of this type zone and relations of upper obscure. 4 Platy beds - in place. First clay bed in here, swings over rim and causes swale. In and out S of here about halfway to 3. Bdga. platy beds thin ledge ss (typ 2nd?) then slope, with platy ss ledgy at base (3rd), the 2nd bentonitic layer of 3rd shale crops short distance up slope above it. Below 3rd ss slope that includes discont. Then ledge cgl. Lytle with Fe-stone cap, about 10', then slope of lb. ss & redclsh then 40' ledge cgl. ss, red wash at base. This massive ledge is local. North of swale the main clay bed pinches in and out between a thin(?) 1st Glacierzrn and thin overlying Dakota. These 2 ss. make up the rim. Clay bed locally represented by siltst & silty clay. 10.

AIN-49-06 (Dutch Creek - Massy Draw hogback) 13 Section in swale similar to other swale sections N along hogback. Here first Glen ssd then section is below Question as to just where bent-ss in midslope under fossil zone lies in relation to the 2nd SS. The SS it sets on makes the white zone on the aerial photographs that I've been mapping as base 2nd ss. Check this against Alameda section, Fossils: P. salinensis, Inoceramus sp. and just below fossils the "double crop" zone See samples 14 First peel off rim S of Dutch Cr. No shale but shale pellet cpl & friable zone of SS. Probably horizon of main clay bed 15 In top transition zone many fish bones + scales locally on bedding plane. Scales up to 4" long drew. Sampled. 16 At least 2 clay beds, possibly a third in some pieces, present at mid-barite horizon. Base of lowest in section only one mapped. No mineable thickness indicated by crop width, 112

Resume of geology between Dutch Cr. & Massey draw:- Exposures on west face poor except at the two peel-back areas along rim, where most ss. units can be identified. Even here the 2, 3 and other shales & claystones can't be sectioned. As result no measured sections. Lytle consists of 2 beaches, both coltc. ss. at the "peeled" areas two swales in rim. Lower up to 40' & locally coalesces with upper. Still red wash beneath base lowest ss exposed. Upper ss bench 10 to 15' on average Disconformity obscured, apparently in a soft zone. Third ss varies in thickness, exposed chiefly in & adjacent to swale areas. Max thickness exposed about 20', may be additional soft beds locally. Third shale obscured by wash. Its lower bentonitic clay crops out locally in swale areas. Second ss. - its position, character & thickness obscure. (See A1N-49-06, 13) p. 11. Second shale - no good exposures, platy bed under 1st ss is persistent. First sandstone - at both Dutch Cr & Massey draw ends of hogback is combined with ss above and main clay bed is absent. At Massey 12.

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draw aggregate thickness close to #100 ft, at Dutch Cr about 75 ft. On hogback rim between both units thin appreciably, at one point each is about 15 ft or less thick. Clay bed between comes in at few places shown on AP's is never more than 2 or 3' thick. No indication of minor clay beds over main one - possibly because SS over left main bed is 1) channeled or 2) thickened, excluding them. Clay beds above ~~main bed~~ persisten this sandstone - ie in mid. Dakota are persistent. Definitely 2 seperated by ~~~ SS from 1 to 3' thick. Crop stands out clearly on A.P.'s -- and viewed from plains to east. No exposures of either bed. At Dutch Creek end of hogback they are pinched out by SS for most part. Note - The first SS of Glen is rather persistently even-bedded, contrasting with massive X-lam. SS of beds above. Massey Draw - Deer Creek hogback AIN- 49-04 5. Clay beds in mid Dakota here, thin and silty, at least 2, probably 3. Contact drawn at base of these, on top of sandstone that covers most of hogback: AIN- 48-93 (1) Clay bed comes in about 1/3 way up side of gap. Consists of some silty clay + siltst; SS on top lifts, has interform structure in base. Clay bed rests on 2'+ bed hard ripple mld SS. and split comes in below this. Below clay's ledge is 70 ft ~ Clay at most siltst. ~6" thick (est.), is 6" thick - next + argill SS.

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2. Clay bed in at 1 continues back down slope to here. Split below comes with it and probably two or more thin beds above it. No boulder-like clays observed 3 Clay bed in here, gradually thins to N and pinches out at (3A). From 3A N, locally lost - may cross at 4 or more likely is bed that comes in again at 7. Could be main bed, then those coming off rim at 1 would be three small beds above it. Also could be local, atypical lens in 1st Glencirun - like one in Alameda-Morrison hogback, then main bed would be in group that cross rim at 1. Clay pellet col at (loc?) 4. Maybe clay horizon (see 3) picks off rim. Just north is small fault crossing fracturing beds, about 3' downthrow to S. 5 Swale where 2nd shale locally comes onto rim. Porellenitic bed present at top, platy beneath, the shale. 6 Disconformity is ss on ss. 3rd's relatively thin, not more than 5', and platy, lies in slope, only locally ledgy. 4th Shale present, then basal Glen sand that is fine-mid grit sits on thick unit massive x-bed, eolith light grey hyle. section down from top of basal Glencirun 7.5. Sandstone, massive bed brown-wash, fine- med gr, cross lam. ss. Disconformity 59.0 Sandstone*, massive light gray, wash yellowish, fine to coarsely cross-bedded. base obscured by wash. Another ss bed about 8' thick, massive cross bedded, used to coarse comes in down wash covered clstn slope (that includes some red clstn) Guess that it is about 30'- below ss above, * Locally zone of red clstn comes in 6 to 10 ft from top [cont. p. 28] 14.

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AIN-50-19 (Alameda-Morrison area) 16. Main clay bed continues into this swale from N. but is completely pinched out at south end, the first Glenczirn ss coalescing with overlying sandstones at crest S end swale. As far as can be determined the friable sandstone is either in the Dakota or marks zone of other, little clay beds between it & the Glenczirn Diagrammatic section throu swale. crest hogbo Dakota Frisbie boulde Sandy cl. ? 17. The first sandstone of the Glenczirn changes to a platy, grossly cross bedded unit with intercalated shaly siltstone zones. This weakens unit and is responsible for swale in crest hogback. lst ss main cl. bed horizon 2nd ss 2nd clay 3rd sh. with bout. 15

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17(cont.) down slope 2nd clay, with bentonite at top, recognizable, also 3rd shale with local pit in lower part. Down from this no outcrops in swale area. 18. The main clay bed comes in again just south of high point and here shows some black clay with sandy bentonitic layer at base 19. Sandstones above main clay bed appear to be unbroken by any clays, can assume 1) all Dakota channeling in, or 2) the coalescing of sandstones 0,-1 + -2 with Dakota together. AIN-50-21 2. Main clay bed out completely here between the 1st Glaciarium + overlying sandstone. Contact shows clearly in ciff face, with massive X (2m) on evenbedded brn weather ss 3. Plastic clay comes up back of hqbkck in structural saddle. hes 2 thin bentonitic zones in it and is capped by Dakota-like ss. Possibilities 1)it is in Dakota 2) it is one of upper 3 shale beds + ss below ave greatly thickened 0+-1. SEE NEXT PAGE

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4. Massive SS's come up over lip, carry crest, which is broken up, and begin to peel slightly back down at 5, but do so only partially. Clay bed under crest from 4 to 5 v13 massive x-lam clay which clay? Even bedded stuff At 4 this clay is channeled out from above by rusty brn SS, just where top SS begins to peel back down hogback. 3 (cont.) Possibility #2 probably right, clay with bentonite local lens, one of 2 small clays. Clay at top 1st glenzirn just thin argill siltstone. Channeling complex this area, can't be certain of position clay bed relative to sandstones. (See 6 below) 6. Clay at top of 1st SS comes back in here for few ft thin silty. Hogback betw here and 4 on top 1st SS. ?Possibility that big bed is main clay with other the lower split, but this 17

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7. Measurement of 1st Glencarn here - 55.0, solid cliff, even bedded - cross bedded fine gr. brown weather. 8. Section down from base of 1st Glencarn (Kessler) 9.0 Shale zone, obscured by wash, shows whitish clay crust with Fe layers 2.3 Sandstone, fine gr., irregular bedded, orange brown weather ss. Lower 2-4 inches red Fe cemented cap on underlying SS. 2.6 Sandstone, lite gray, fine gr., irreg lumpy massive bed. Weather with orange + brown streaks 2.1 Black shale, with silty partings --- 16.0 Sandstone, soft, fine-gr irregular bedded, light gray, finely disseminated clay matter throughout. Weathers with yellowish cast, festooned joints. 2.8 Interbedded silty claystone, dirty, fine gr. SS lite gray, + dk gray argill siltstone. Bentonite-like zone 0.5 from top. 5.0 Sandstone, double bed of fine gr., mottled light + dk gray, irregular bedded muddy, weathers yellow cast, partly argill siltstone in middle part. 2.6 Gray argill siltstone as silty clay, 1.3 Sandstone, fine gr to silty, similar to 5.0 above. 1.0 Slabby gray argill siltstone with oil bentonite-like clay at base 4.0 Interbedded fine-gr SS, platy argill, finely carb, and argill siltstn.

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(3rd SS) 17.1 Sandstone, fine to med, even-bed, x-12m, orange brn weath. Some friable zones with clay pellets + thin flakes about 8', below this very friable more massive 4.8 wash covering more of friable ss Lower 4" are med. gr. SS in discont contact with beds below Discont. 4.0- Upper foot fine gr. ss, argill, white, yellow + red pink striae, grading to silty qrzy, stained ss above clstu. Obscured. 9. Outcrop of second clay, under prominent cliff of 1st Glencvern. Contains porcellanite- like layer in upper part. 10. Section of Lytic. Upper even bed part 3rd SS 20.0 Lower more massive, litgr-white fine-wed ss, part of 3rdss, yellowish to yellow brn weath, coarse st base Discont. 21.0 Chiefly variegated claystone, pink + white, with some faint stained sandy layers about 5.0 from top. 12.4 Sandstone, fine gr, scattered small pebbles local, massive x-12m. weath yellow br to pinkish, is litgr. 6.0 Variegated silty claystone qrzy, to red + yellow stria, becomes sandy at base + grades into 19.

3.5 12.9 10.0 6.0 4.5 --- 37.0 33 48 --- 81

unit below. 9,1 S2udstone, massive, celtic, soft, weathers yellowish. 2.6 Clzystone, light gray, silty 47.0' Szudstone, massive, x bed, celtic, Fe pitted in lower part, cult throughout in thin streaks. 26.0 Slope wash over red + gray clystone with some red silty beds. Occur clasty + siltyclsty with yellowish stain at base. May be more ss about 20' down, but too much floot to be sure. 11. Section of the 2nd Gleucziyu shale, Here 1st Gleucziyu channels top & this prob. accounts for absence of bentonitic bed that comes in along strike to N. 8.8 Black clay shale with thin layers ferruginous shale scattered through it becomes more silty in lower part. Base on 6" bed ferruginous sandy siltstone, Sample 1 = lower half Sample 2 = upper half. 12 Hogback capped by ss over 1st glen clay, then, descending, beach which here has flinty soapy layer near top, over white siltstone more clay below. Then main body is+ss, underlain by 2nd clay over. 20

12, ss above 1st Glenczirn. < 1st sh? - locally sandy, to flinty bountite /like clay at base lower split 1st Glenczirn ss. 2nd Glenczirn sh. (see 11) 13 First Gleac, ss and ss ledge above coalescing, intervening clays thinned; upper one in and out as thin clazonal boundary. 14 Both clay beds (13) track out about here but can be traced by break in cliff and local thin flinty beds. 15 Glenczirn - Lytle disconformity, massive x lam to irrev bedded bn to yellow brn. ss on white fuzzile loc. augill. ss, stained orange, orange brn, pinks. 16. Clay bed-in mid Dzhols? , with thin double-bentonite near base. Goes over to west face hogback here. Bed here about 8' with upper 5 mostly augill. siltsy. Resume Alameda - Morrison hagback on AIN-50-21 and mapped - red lines w to e. -50-19 1. base Morrison - OK - ou ss 2. Morrison - Lytle contact - approximate, ou ss, red beds & vegetation - no clear cut separation 3. Lytle - Glenczirn discout. - sharp where exposed - good control except Neud 21

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4. Dakota - Benton - approx on vegetation transition zone (top.) 5. Base limestone in Niobrara Green lines, W. to E. 1. Second Glencziru clay. 2. First Glencziru clay +/- split. 3 Higher clay - may be mid-Dakota. Lytle - highly variable, locally congloom., base not exactly located. For most part obscured by slope wash. Most complete section is Morrison section (10). See also section given AIN-50-21, 10. Lytle-Glencziru contact, sharp, chiefly SSau ss. Black shale (Glencziru 4) not present, 3rd Glencairu sand thins southward (Cf. AIN-50-21, 8, and section 10(Morrison)) The 3rd ss consists of upper even-bedded part and lower massive x bedded part. Where 4th shale present at Alameda cut & vicinity it comes between these 2 beds, :: lower massive part probably = 4th Glencziru.ss. 3rd glencziru shale- typically sandy; contains usual 2 bentonites. Actually more ss than shale in this area. No shale beds worthy of note. 2nd Glencziru sand. - A massive silty, soft lite gray sand with some shaly partings, throught hogbacks. Upper bed of 2 to 4' more resistant, brown weathering, is only ledge former. 2nd Glencziru shale. Persistent zone with porcellinite-like layer near top except where latter cut out by canneling. This only clay bed that reaches mineable thickness in the hog back. (See AIN-50-21, 11.) May be 22

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6 to 8 ft throught crop between AIN-50-21,9, and 13, but only exposed at intervals. To north of 9 it is thinner, to south of 13 it contains increasing#silty, ferruginous layers, the latter but no good exposures as it is covered. Kessler 1st Glencairn sandstone shows unusual variation. In N½ of hogback it is thinbedded and grossly crossbedded, featuring rapid lateral changes with channels coming in and out. These include 2 shaly and/or silty lenses (both in at AIN-50-19,17) near northend hogback, presence of which probably responsible for swale at 17 thru weakening of ridge crest. From just south of Alameda highway to AIN-50-21,2, it is crest forming sandstone south of AIN-50-21,2, it lies mostly below the crest and SS above 1st Glencairn clay carries crest; exception between 4 and 6 of AIN-50-21. Van Bippule 1st Glencairn shale.- horizon can be identified along most of hogback by bentonite-like layer near base and relative -stratigraphic position. "Bentonite" locally flinty to study, but persistent. In some places, especially in south end, the lower split of this bed is present and it not always possible to distinguish between the two. At no place is this clay of meetable thickness - or even as much as 4' thick. Shales above 1st Glencairn.- Some of the thin clays above main bed locally present. These are separated from mid-Dzhata 23

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clay in most places by fairly good sandstone, but at 3 the ss between it & top Gloucery thins to few feet. Appears to be channel filled with clay. Same clay as at 16 (Morrison end), so fairly certain it is mid-Dakota - little flinty zones are clue here. Possibility still exists that this is one of 3 small beds over main bed - possibly the one with the bentonite-like clay further north. As it is not possible to determine this for certain & as ss between this clay & main bed maintains a thickness of 15' to 40' from Morrison south at least as far as Deer Cr., and is the massive x-lam type typical of Dakota, it is reasonable to call it mid- Dakota in south of Golden, whether it is in Golden area or not. Brings up problem, however, of where to place Gloucery-Dakota boundary. 24

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AIN-50-21 - Bear Creek to south. 17 to 18 ; - Clay bed in Middle Dakota follows along between 17 & 18, crops out in very few places. Locally it appears to be at least 10' thick and at other places it is clearly cut by channels in which ss above is deposited. Thickness is highly variable - grade unknown, would take prospect pits. 19 Lower Dakota peels back over crest for short distance and shaly-silty parting - represents main clay bed and rider - cuts down for short distance not recorded on photo down AIN-49-08 - South half of Morrison - Turkey Creek hogback 20 A Zone of main clay bed peels back over here and from here south to 21 is represented chiefly by silty ss with clay pellets, or silty zone, or is cut out completely. B. Plotey ss comes in under ledge of first Glencoe sand, locally some silty shale & shaly siltstone between it and base of 1st Glen. 21 Here the shale bed above main one comes in at crest & cap of hogback is about at top of Dakota; The shale pinch outs locally, comes in again at swale at 22. Main clay bed out all along here 22 Swale where clay above main bed in for short distance 23 Shale above main bed in again & peels down back slope. At some time main clay bed (probably with its split) comes in 25

Dakota ? czy bed at end Morrison hogback. S.end beyond cluster Junipers

To form swale, but pinches out against its end swale.

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Lee Doughty's clay pit at Plainview. Drp+ strike on the sandstone under the clay N. 20 E., 28° SE. Clay is red clay, pit shows mixture with crystal at edge, but plastic silty below and bedded. Only about 3' + bedded clay showing. Clay companies in - Sewer pipe, Am. Clay, Tile Co. Griggs says - 18-20 train loads /wk for 15-2yrs, but don't know. Test for burning to 2350 before melting, heard. Using for tile, brick & flower pots. Opened in 1952-Spring. Utigers Sinter plant Tried Lenzmere from Mt. Carbon - too sandy Now testing Bessel Beuten bought from Robinson at Rustler mine, this seems to be O.K. Not in production yet.

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Mossey draw -> Deer Creek hogback (cont. from p. 14) 7.) Clay bed in here, thin, peels off rim about as shown in A.P. 8*) Middle Dakota clay - double bed, see Deer Creek section for measurement & samples 9*) Base of SS above the 3 little clays over main bed 10*) Main clay bed on top 1st ss 11) Main clay thins - almost pinches out up from (10) to here, basal quartz small softstone + silica clay coming, may be the 'split' doubtful. Bentonite present where pinch starts near 10, not further up. Across to SE can be seen that SS under mid Dakota clay takes in lower split of that clay bed up dip. All clays appear to thin abruptly up dip from Deer Cr. #1 section. 12) Thick red-br. wash channel ss in here. It is either - 1) from well up in Dakota over mid. clay and cutting out clay, or lower Dzk SS thickened - check 13) Main bed in here 2nd about 5' t thick. It thins to N on S. 14) Top Dakota sandstone, [illegible] Dakota clay under it, then relatively thin ss between clay and the 3 small clay beds 15) Main bed, at least 5' thick in this swale area - At base good clay with fossil [6593] * See Deer Creek #1 for details & samples of these exposures. 28

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leaves similar to those in Dakota clay in exposure in Deer Cr. grp. (16) Section up from top of Messrux x-bedd ss. 2.0 Light colored gray argill. ss & sandy clsty with Fe pink sandy layer Disconformity 0.1 Ferruginous shaly ss, calcic. only locally present 8.0 Black shale, silty with Fe[silty] layers in silt grinding in upper 3' to light colored shaly siltstone 2.0 Sandstone, fine gr, platy[clay], brown weather. 9.8 Silty sh.dk gray, lb. gray siltstone, chiefly in upper 1/2 - where thin ss beds also and weathers a-brown to ferruginous. 2.5 Sandstone, massive lte gr., brown weather, Febrown irregular bending may be bedding. Above this slope wash obscures beds in slope. Handcoreled by McDowell 29

South Masscy #1 N7b4 6 - p.29 AIN 48-93 (16) .10 8.00 2.00 9.80 2.50 2 2.40 S 4 7.00 4.10 1 0.00 1.50 1 5.00 100.00 *

"" "" "" "" x 21 69 5+ 5,24 20c

1 McD here = 12't 3 meters? Slope az 0, N=15 up to next hedge. [Dip of beds: N21W, 21°SE] 4 McD's to base of brown sandstone - thin (2 McDs + 2.5 from bottom is soft ss ledge, finesc irreg bedded czrk motthng light gray Fe stein, only .9 exposed) bedded to platy. total 47' Measuring 24214 4.1 - Brown weath thin bedded to platy ss 10.1 - Slope with clay wash & platy brown ss float. Includes the "extra" bentonite" 1.5 - ledge platy bru ss. 15,1 - Slope wash covering 2nd Gleaching clay + silty beds at base. (17) S. side Deer Creek. At this point Dakota clay goes under cover. It has fairly broad outcrop zone but no good exposures between here & Deer Cr. Some ss in it but how much not known. Worth some exploration. Clays upslope irregular, broken up by lense of lb. ss & silty clay, thin-bedded cross-bedded which can be seen to lense in & out from N side of drew (see old photo [5]).

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(18) section showing position of fossiliferous beds. [N.20 W., 40°SE] Top of rim (well down in 1st ss) A 10.0t Sandstone, fine gr, even bedded X-lawn brown weath, B 2.8 Local lense of white finegr ss (lozly silt?) fairly dense, with abundant lenses, lower 8" Silty shale, loc. carb. Most lenses long narrow with prominent midrib. C 23.0t Sandstone, light gray massive x lawn friable, fine with x beds medium-grind subisolated flutes clstu. This in upper 15', forms local bench in ledge because of friable nature. Fe content. weather out as irreg. corrucations. Lower 8-10' more evenbedded x lawn. similar to A above but with med to course basal bed. local unconf. D 3.5 Shale, obscured by slope weath, silty in upper part 4

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2nd shale subunit H, 1.8 Fine ss and siltstone thin beds (up to 3 or 4") worths often to Fe black, sandy beds predominate. Fish scales common, tine plant frags. Some zones with fine shale pellets, fish bones & scales. Inoceramus in float below this ledge and J below, no doubt comes from this ledge. I 7.5 Shale, with interbeds siltstone Dk gray to black. 3rd ass J 22.0t Siltstone + fine grzimed ss, massive light gray to white, vertical (Fe-stained) firctures. Soft underlies slope in most places K 4.5t Slope in shaly litegray siltstone, dk gray silty beds when fresh, lower 1 ft locally ledgy. L, 4.02 Shaly zone, obscured by slope wash m 0.7 Fine gr. gray ss, crub motthing, uvrcy bedded. Yellow powdery cavity fillings + stzin. (Sample) N, 10.10 Shaley zone with interbedded siltstone, mostly obscured by wash. O 29.0 Sandstone, even-bedded x-1/om, fine gr. bru weath. P 11.0 Slope wash over small beach. with ledges thin bedded ss protruding. Q. 7.0 Sandstone, even bed x (1m to cross bedded), fine to medium, with clay blob zones R 6.45 Sandstone with zones soft argillaceous ss (oc pellets) mostly under slope, ss as in Q above. s 10.65 Shaly zone covered with slope wash, but local, patches bl. sh. exposed-silty. 32

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T. 6.0 Bndstone, fine gr., some mod gr zones., massive x12m to finely 12m, weaths red brn Discont. U 33.+ Sandstone massive x bdd white with argill lite gr zones 3' from top, then more ss with cal coming in. Base obscured. Notes - Great thickening of 3rd ss from Deer Creek section across way. This can be seen on N wall of Deer Creek grp, with thickening by channels zuds coming in. Possibility that thickening is due to leuse coming into under disconform- ity as at Cznon City. Should be able to check this on N wall Deer Cr Grp. 33

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AIN-48-95 1 Local clay comes into first SS--possibility it is 1st clay. It's horizon marked by coarse ss with clay pellets N+S of swale. 2 Disconformity. At this swale the 3rd SS is a double bed, 4"th shale in 2nd and 2" basal SS resting on white lytle Shaly zone lytle sh <--ss Discont Lytle ss. 3 Local clay zone comes in under disconformity YES??- red cap Not unlike Genua City set-up break local cistu pting. "4th-like SS" 4th SS SS grau-gray with pink mottling tiness lite gr-wh, grau to dk gray cloth. SS massive, to even bedded X-low--? "Dolatz-like" SS 9" clay below discont szimplecl conc 321/2! Where is discont? 4 Exposure of shale & plzly siltstone. Locl clay bed +5'. Bed is mid-Dokota. Could be simpled here 34

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Deer Cr. Area - Resume Clay beds - Main bed 14 at mineable thickness only in 3 small areas marked in red along green line. At AIN-48-93, #13'/5' and at just N. Deer Cr. road. Small beds - none of economic note. Dakota clay - North of Deer Cr. best exposure is just N. Deer Cr. Road, remainder of outcrop N. to Massey draw is approx. with no info on clay - other than that it can't be very thick or it would show. south of Deer Creek indication that bed may warrant prospecting. SS on top things throwing it way down slope very near Gueros contact - thus accessible. At AIN-48-95 #4 bed exposed & consists of shale & platy siltstones in lower part. This outcrop may be worth trenching. Stratig. - Disconformity Deer Cr. section reexamined but little new info. - possibility discort. is on top massive calcic ss or is in it. At section AIN-48-93 #18 the 3rd SS is double (as at Plainview) & 4th shale is present & a basal SS is present. Further S. AIN-48-95 #3 similar section with 2 foot basal SS. :. Great thickening of 3rd ss between Deer Creek section and hogback just S of creek. This thickening can be seen taking place on N. wall of Deer Creek gap. Question of whether a Dakota-like lense comes in locally under the disconformity (as at Cazen) is worth investigating.

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First Glaucony - a consistently thick bed. May locally include horizon of main clay and be joined with ss above this clay, but can't prove exactly where this horizon is when it tenses out. South of Creek main bed goes out abruptly and a coarse zone of ss with clay pellets that comes in locally near top of first Glaucony may be this horizon. A small amount of clay was found at this break in AIN- 48-95, #1. The plant fossils commonly found mixed in float with marine fossils below first Glaucony, are from within first Glaucony - see section AIN-48-93 #18.

37.3 33.4 4,6 4,8 9-5-8-6-7

5. Section of Dakota & Glencely (pzt) in Nameless Draw N 15° W, 45° SE From top of massive unit down (does not include thin shale & ss at top.) A 33.4 Sandstone, beddy, even-bedded x-lgm fine gr. locally friable, weaths yellow brown gray. Lower 4.0 has clay-pellet cal. B 3.9 Obscured, probably aquilla siltst & ss, a 'clay' zone. C 4.6 Sandstone, massive, dense fine grained brown-weath ss, upper surface ripple marked. D 5.4 Argillaceous blue-gray weath siltstone, and probably silty clay, but obscured by slope wash. Locally 1' good bl. clay. Only clay E 15.5 Sandstone, massive to even bedded cross-lgm. fine gr. weaths yellowish brown to gray F 3.5 Slope wash obscures weak zone. Argillaceous siltstone in flat. G 13.0 Sandstone, massive to even bedded cross-lgm. fine gr. weaths yellowish to gray H 4.0 Obscured weak zone, sands float, some aquilla siltst. I 34.0 Sandstone, massive to even-bedded x lgm, fine to med. gr near base with local basal zone coarse to coptic with clay pellets also. brown-weath. J. 6.0 slabby siltstone & fine ss w/til interbedded silty shale & shaly siltstone. Breakdown 1.0 Dk gray silty sh. 2.5 Pizty siltst & ss 1.0 Shaly siltys, minor sh. 1.5 Pizky siltst.

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Note -- upper part of 2nd shale with bentonite-like clay is cutout. Up clip the 1st SS goes into slope and the SS above main clay (in locally) forms rimrock. Between bottom of section & 3rd SS beds thicker than at N end this hogback but no complete section. 2nd SS in, typically soft, silty yellow to yellow brown wezth, with shaly siltst. ptngs. (6) Section down from top 3rd SS 52.0 Sandstone, fine gr. even-bedded x 12in, locally X-bedded, brown wezth. - Breaks in cliff at 25 and 30 ft from top where argill + silty zones occur. 17.8 Shaly zone, all bot basal 2' obscured by slope wash. Beds shun basal 2' with lowermost 6" becoming grey, silty with interbeds of silt, basal silt has Fe stain. Thin siltstone bed in with silty clay under, only bl. shale above, silty clsty gets Fe pink. Discont under thin siltstone bed, about 4" from base (7) Continuation of section #6. From top massive SS below discont 37.0 Sandstone, massive cross bedded, fine to coarse gr pts. light grey wezth, yellowish to yellow brn. cgl as layers + beds in lower 20 ft. chert & quartz pebbles up to 3" diam. 38

1917 11.4 3/1, 1 1.0

20.0 Slope length obscured, silty clstnt clsty, variegated, siltst, argill white 9.0 Sandstone, massive, finegr to silty, crumbly, argilaceous zones, yellow to brown weath. 2.2 Red and yellowish silty claystone. 2.6 to 4.01 Argill siltstone with sandy zone, massive light gr, irreg, bedded. (8) Section continued down from bed I, (5). 9.0 Slope on shale+ platy siltstone much siltst, in thin beds, some shale 1m lower 1/2. 3.9 Sandstone, massive, fine grzmed brown weath. 32.5 Slope on non-resistant sandstone of 2nd ss + possibly upper part 3rd shale. Some yellow weath and friable ss and whitish siltstone in small ledges. 7.4 Siltstnc, irreg bedded, argill, with some 1/8 silty sh., white- yellow-brown weath. Top 3rd SS, (9) Section continued at gap, up from top of section at (5). Note- top of uppermost bed at (5) has 3 to 4 ft ledge of massive ss with break or parting from rest of ss under it. The section below starts from top of this massive bed. 39

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2.0 Shaly zone obscured by wash. 3.2 Sandstone, massive fine gr. ledge 1.6 As above, locally parting between, 11.0+ Shaly zone, obscured by wash, has interbeds brown weth sandstone one bed 217 thick about 8' above base 4.0 Sandstone fine grained, massive, double bed, weths gray + ohry Interbedded siltst, silty siltym ss. 5.0 Shaly zone, covered by wash. .8 Siltstone 10.0+ Interbedded silt, sh, mtnss. Shaly zone capped by bed of hard fine gr brown weth ss. This may be in Grenzers Transition rest of slope is obscured. Stratig. - Nameless creek gap- clay beds and 1st Glen. sand. - At gap are 4 breaks probably corresponding to main clay and 3 overlying clay beds. Clay present locally in each but appears to be consistently present only in upper 2, partic. 2nd from top. Intervening sandstones are all unusually thick. Most coalesce with selves and 1st Glencurn to N. and appear to do same to S. Thus Glen #1 is unusually thick in this area. Thruout Deer Cr-Nameless Cr hogback the main bed is cut-out, one exceptions are at the tip ends of the hogback - and possibly at AIN-48-75 (1). None of smaller clay beds come in at a mineable grade or thickness. Dakota clay - which is very near 40

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the top of this unit, holding well down at the base of the first slope of hogback, may locally be thick enough but few exposures show it is full of siltstone at S end near Nameless Cr. (Better near Deer Cr. end- see p.35). Disconformity- As indicated in Deer Creek area, the discounf. is at top of massive calcic ss of Lytle type, featuring a basal siltstone bed under 4th bldsh.. Claystone comes in under siltstone, for few inches, then Fe cap on Lytle-type sand. The basal siltstone is thin, may even be missing locally, at Nameless Cr gap, but N. along hogback it thickens, becoming a 2' sandstone at AIM-48-95, (2) where it rests directly on the Lytle ss. Good exposures of discounf along N side Nameless Cr. gap (where section was measured) leave little doubt that the break is either 1) at base of black shale or 2) at base of fine ss or siltstone bed, rarely over 3' thick, that locally comes in at base of 4th shale. The 3rd ss, which is thick, probably and double locally as it is just S. of Deer Cr., shows no evidence of containing the disconformity within it and doubt any possibility of similarity to Cenon setup. Cenon ss lense on Skyline is not like the 3rd ss in any respect except color- which is more like 'Dakota' than like typical Lytle. This isn't significant. Even the top of Lytle (as picked above) locally weaths like the GlenrDak. 4/

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sands at localities adjacent to Deer Cr - this responsible for some of difficulty in picking contact, whose diagnostic features are much subdued throughout the hogback in Deer Cr - Nameless Cr. area. B.O.V.-32-8. Nameless Cr to Platte River. 1) Sand of Stone Quarry is clay bed. May be the Dakota clay. Is over upper big ss ? 2) Clay bed, main one probably, comes in here. punched out Not this point. Below this 1st Glen sits directly on upper platy bed, and sh out. 1st Glen has qtz + ch't pebble bzzzl clay. Sample? 3) Main bed of clay in here. Positively ident. by presence of bzzzl bentonite. 4) Main clay leaves out here. 5) Out of upper 2 beds comes in here. 6) Clay bed in and out between poles, probably #1 7) Contact at base 4th sh. The 3rd ss very thick in here - as at Nameless Cr. 4th sh in and beneath if Lytle ss. All goes under slope to s except top 3rd ss, Later becoming more froble to s. Rusty clay float, really a very coarse clay ss, in lower part 3rd ss + below - may be from 1st ss or may not. 8) Best 1st ss very coarse with local clay here. 9) Main bed back in, attains mineable thickness along crest 42

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10 Clay out, thin to N 11 Minor silty beds come across from E 12 3 small clay in here with 3" bentonite in, silty beds below. Js base of Main clay, Clay doesn't come in till 13 13 N 22° W, 49° E. Main clay bed in here with thick - 8" - bentonite-like clay. Below this is thick 1st SS, then relatively good section down to the 3rd. SS. Above main clay thick SS with more of the small clays. Above this clayey zone of Delt present but no good clay. (See page 46 for section) 14 Crop of main bed, 1st SS with friable zone in middle part - more of 2nd shale in here than in hogback to N. 3rd SS - only upper part, also in. 'Resume' - Nameless Cr. to S.Plat Ho - B.O.V. 32-8 Clay beds - Main bed is in locally, basal bentonitic layer present and 'lower split. Latter has some highly carbonaceous plastic clay in it. Main bed of minable thickness in two or three places (red-green line on photo), next split may be thicker than main bed locally - not separable in all places. Distribution of beds is too erratic to be worth anything. One of 3 small beds in throught the northern 3/4 of hogback, not thick or good enough but continuous bench former from short distance N. of Stone quarry. All 3 beds are out in S. end of hogback. 43

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Clay in upper (Dakota?) beds is thin and silty. Definitely more than one bed. Trace on photo approximates position of these. No clay worthy of note. stratig. - Both 1st & 3rd sandstones thick. 1st has persistent chert-qtz cqltc coarse ss. at base. Discont. exposed (poorly) only at N end of hotback.

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Golden Area. N. AIN-50-38 1 Old prospect in clay bed, slumped in. A "Dakota clay, 2 Outcrop of SS, N. 20 W., 80° NE to ⊥ to high SW, has bentonite layer on NE side—then siltstone, then clay. 3 Pierre shale crop, poor but unmistakable. 4 Lyh? Greenros shale in fault contact with Lytic, Lyons, or Fourtezin? 5 Ditch in Morrison—no contacts with others 6 Morrison 1st cut. 7 Fault—Pierre against Dakota? 8 N 21° E ⊥ , 1/2 to ? Pierre bentonite 9 Dug hole—looks dk greenish to gray clay, Morrison? Just to east of it is Fe cemented breccia— probably on fault 45

5,7 1,3 5,7 2,8

B.O.V. 32-8 (13) cont. S. Platte Canyon - Section I. Verdos Ranch, S end Hogback N. of S. Platte. Section starts in Granceros transition about 5 ft from top... A 15.3 Platy fine ss, minor bedded with siltstone; sandy beds Fe stained, lodges' platy ss at 5.0 (0.5 to 2.0 thick) and 10.0 (.96 thick.) B 5.0 Sandstone, massive, fine grained, soft, weathered, pocketly fractured light gray with Fe brown irreg. patches C 3.0 Shale, silty, brown in upper few inches, grading to siltstone; gray, light gray wash. D 3.7 Sandstone, massive, fine gr, brn wash. E 4.2 Shale, Pt gray, & break down 1.1 Silty, fine plant frags 1.3 Plastic gray, minor silty .8 silty, brown-gray, grading to siltstone. 1.0 Argill. siltstone. F 2.9 Sandstone, fine gr, evenbed x low to locally massive x lzm, brn wash G 1.3 Siltstone, friable with thin beds fine ss. H 1.5 Sandstone as in F above I .6 Siltstone, soft few thin sandy beds J .7 Sandstone as in F above K 1.2 Siltstone, soft L Note (lateral variation F to K with ss locally pinching out siltst partings, 46

5.7 17.5 5.7 5.0 7.3 41.5 45.7 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.6 1.6 1.7 11.9

'L 45.7 Sandstone, fine gr - loc. wed near base, gray wartz, even bedded x-lamin to x bedded. Base1 3-4' has clay pellets. M 3.6 Clay zone - breakdown. 0.4 Gray plastic shaly clay 2.5 I.B. silty gray shale and siltstone. Lzfter irreg bedded to platy, some layers fine ss. (0.1^√) (0.4) Fe stained zone of brittle to plastic clay (Sample 1.) * local concentration Fe in grains. 0.3 Gray plastic shaly clay N 1.1 Fine gr. sandstone, platy, loc. silty, top grades to argill. siltst. w/fg gr, brn mottling on wartz. surface O .6√ Porcellanite? zone with local concent. Fe forming spongy zone in upper .3. (Sample 2.) * P 2.5 Sandstone, fine gr., massive, Fe exp - brown wartz. on top surfacc covered with ripple marks. Q 12.0 Interbedded ss in even beds. 0.1 to 2.0 thick and with partings and thin beds of shaly, siltstone, gray. Whole wartzs lite gray, most silty beds in upper 2.1 with thin ss, below ss in thicker beds. Whole is even-bedded, locally laminated. 47

44.0 10,6 17,2 ---- 71.8 1,9

R 71.8 Sandstone, fine to medium gr, irreg- bedded+thin mod X-lzm to cross bedded with zones intrz form clay pellet + sand glob ccl below 40: weathy gray ,irreg ledgy to pitted. 44' from top is top of freebly zone 10.6± thick, ss full of clay pellets, zone massive X-bedded rather than thinner bedded as above, is med to coarse salt +pepper with some swirl frzy's cheat. Below this lower 17.5 ft X bedded thin bedded ss fine to coarse locltns? with: 0.2 bzzcl cheat-qty pblc ccl. Base of the entire unit is irregular, is cutting down to south toward end of outcrop. Underside of base covered with mass of worm trails? (Sample 3) or whatever? Unconformity S 2.8 Interbedded platy szadstone(find) sand argill to shaly siltstone, minor silty gray shale in upper0.3. (lced?) T 1.9 Argill,platy siltstone and gray silty shale. U. 4.9 As in S. above with basal bed of bw weath ss 0.8 to 1.0± [An Inaceramus - large(belliwensis?) in float just below this ledge could come any where in STU zone. V 5.4 Shaly zone, thin bedded 48

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(upper 1.5+) Siltstone in upper part grading down into silty clay shale. Shale is obscured, is claygray with silty Fe-stained layers, W 14.8 S2udstone, soft fine gr. weathrs light gray with layered Fe concentration in upper part. Cp is harder ledge 1/2 to 2.0 of brown weath SS, but gets more friable and silty -- " in lower 5'. Prob carb matter finely dissemin on fresh surface. X 1.5 S2udstone, ledge of fine gr, lite gr, irreg bedded. Not unlike above but harder. Y 1.5 Clay zone - probably bentonitic - .8 from top it gets silty, has 0.1 Fe-silt zone 0.1 from top. [Sample 4] Z 11.4 Siltst-SS massy, soft, friable fine gr, grading downward to siltstone. Upper most 0.6 to 0.8 is ledge as in X, remainder under slope in most places. Somewhat argill locally. AA 2.5 S2udstone, fine gr, irreg massive weathrs pitted Fe brown. BB 8.3 Siltstone, soft irreg carb lzm, mac + some argill matter. Locally indurated enough to make crumbly-splintery structuring, mottled Fe or weath crop. CC. 8.7 Shely zone, obscured. Silty in upper part, grades to black shale with interbeds (thin) Fe stained silt. 1.1 of siltst + 1b, silty shale at base. 49

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DD, 17.2 Sandstone, fine grained evenbedded x 1/2m., upper part more thinly bed with some silty ptqs in upper 6.0. Lite brn weath, local Fe brn stain. EE 6.4 Sandstone, fine qr., friable irred bed, lite gray with irrecy Fe br + redd b. streaks. FF 5.8 Stiff, siltstone, argillaceous, 1.0 plastic paper shaly zt base. G.G, 20.8 Sandstone, even bedded x 1/2m to x bedded fine qr., weathy lite qr to yel. brn. Some fine clay freq. in basal 2.0. Fine argill ss sh silty?, 4 then. H.H 1.1 hard gray silty shale. IT 3.6 Platy to shaly fine ss & siltstn, lite gray with some intercalated silty gray sh. J.J .8 Laggy ss, Med - coarse (some fine streaks) calcic throught, elsta, chert + qtz pcbs. Disconformity KK 1.7 Argill, sandy siltstn grading to ss, yellow, friable, Fe stain reddish in lower part. 6.0 Sandstone, massive, x 1/2m. fine to med qr, some coarse, finely cyl.streaks in basal part. Weaths lite gray to yellowish. 2.4 Argillaceous siltstane & Fine ss, blocky weath, gray and yellow weath.

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LL 21.8 Sedstone, massive x lam fine to med ss with layers chert pebble cal in lower part. Weathes lite gray to yellow gray. MM 6.5 wash covered slope local spots indicate red-yellow- green claystone. Grassy slope on wash to creek bed. 51.

0,4 7,6 1,6 26,7 2,3 8,4 7,4 54 8

South Platte -> Helmer trough B.O.V - 33 - 85 (1) Section of lower Glenczirn & Lytle et sand quarry in Lytle, N end hogback just S. of S. Platte, (A to R at Nquarry) starting at top of the 3rd ss (A below correlates with GG of section on Verdos Ranch. A 21.5 Sandstone, evenbedded x 1m, to X bedded, fine qr. weaths yellow br. + br. 3.0 zone of silty, frizble fine ss 2.4 above base. This is locally a shaly siltstone. B 4,0 As above like sandstone above but more frizble weaths lite gray with orange br irreg. zones // bedding. C 6.7 Zone of shaly siltstone, minor silty dk gray shale, largely obscured by slope wash. D 7.0 Sandstone vs in B, above. E 3.6 Shaly siltstone grading down to siltstone. F 3.0 Sandstone, massive fine qr x 1m with basal surface calcic - mostly clay pellets some qtz + cht. (=J) at Verdos ranch section) 45.8 4610 Disconformity G. 0.4 to 0.8 Claystone - silty/sandy to argill ss., gray - yellow weath. H. 7.6 Sandstone, massive x-1m I. 1.6 Local sandy claystone, dk gray, literally absent as ss's above + below Cozlesck 52.

J 26.7 Sandstone, massive x lzm fine to coarse, local layers of cal, ch+-qtzite. Unconf. K 2.3 Clzystone, weathers light gray, some pink + yellow streaks. Fresh is gray-green-gray, sandy; grades to ss, fine qs + of variably thickness. Locally entire interval is fine srgyll, y! km worth ss except for few inches at top.. Whole gives appearance of larched zone? silty & sandy red clzystone and srgyll. Siltstone. L, 8.4 (Colors greyish red purple 5RP 4/2 and moderate red chief ones latter predominates 5RR 6/4) Some Fe yellow, bzuds at top And white ss + base. Locally a red fine ss leuso ± 1' about 1 ft from base. M 7.4 Sandstone, massive, x bedded, fine to med + coarse with fine calite zones of chert + qtz? At top surface is black-wetly zone Fe conc., locally, in bzuds. Note - immediately to S. sandstone at J. lifts and fresh section (see Kodachrm shows, clsty loc. shaly 0.4 to 1.0 + Dk-brn gray shale .6 to 3.0 fine SS = SS in K above then red beds. N. 79.5 Clzystone some washed over contains red, chiefly, some greenish 53

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2nd gray near bzs8, (ccz) upper ? scattered through S 2.6 Sandstone massive fine grained yellow-pink wezty P. 1.2 Red silty clay, cl green then cl purple bznd zt top Q .9 Argill. siltst red to gray R. 7.3 Sandstone, argil l., fine to med with green clay pellets zones in lower 1/2, wezths pink-gray to red SHIFT to old quarry to south; following bzs8 R, above (R. thus to +3') S. 10.5 Argill. siltst. in upper 1.5, gray to blue+purple-gray, then silty claystone, red in upper half then gray-green. Weak observes. T 10.1 -> Claystone? silty and argillaceous, clic? (Sample 1) sandy + silty beds. quy green may have odd things in it. Slope wash 54.

1,1 2,6 0,7 2,6 4,6 1,7 3,5 8,3 3,2 0,4 1,0 4,0 4,3 1,0 2,0 --- 32,4

(2) Section at E side N and hogback just S. B. Plat Ho, in old clay pit base Graneros & tunnel into Dakota clay N 20° W, 70 Black fissile shale (Graneros A 2.1 Platy siltstone in beds ⅛" to 3" thick with partings & interbeds silty shale & shely siltst. x-low B 1.1 Sandstone massive, fine to coarse with chert-qty-clstu-ss pebbles and layers cqt. chiefly on upper surface. Weather y-brn. C 2.0 Interbedded fine grained sandstone & mottled brown & black papery shale ss layers ½ to 2" thick. Some silty layers in shales D 0.7 Sandstone, massive bed x-low, fine qr. Weather's brn & y-brn. E 2.6 Shale silty shale with interbeds lminze of siltstone, shale grey weather brownish full of fine plant frags. Local liquid zone 0.9 from top. F 4.6 Sandstone, massive, to evenbedded- laminated in lower ½, mostly fine qr, some medium in upper ½. G 1.7 Lignite, shaly in upper part(15?) remainder coally. [Sample 1.] Locally thin bentonite like layer .5 from top where coaly begins. Base of part liq bed is locally liq silt. H 3.6 Sandstone, fine grained massive grailly & silty in lower part I 0.3 Bentonite-like clay [Sample 2] J 3.2 Sandstone, massive fine-qr, as in H above, ferrug, clays & mottling 55

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K L M N1 O1 P Total 38,95 0.3-0.5 40± 41.0 41.3 41.0 2.0 32.4 Bentonite-like clay [Sample 3] Variable layer, siltstone from 0.1 to 0.3 grading to interlaminar shelly silts, & Silty clay black clay, with local pockets liquid shale. Siltstone + fine ss, massive lute grey, with local partings dk gray silty shale. Whole is locally even-bedded unit. Thickens locally to 7'ft Sandstone, fine grained, lute gray. Shelly argill. gray siltstone, minor very silty sh. Clay bed, upper foot silty shelly + argill. siltstone, lower foot is dk or to black clay, four plastic, finely silty, sharp testa (Sample 4.) Top of massive D2Aot > SS Not o - Beds N, O & P become shelly south from tunnel where section measured - in first pillar of open cut section of N,O,P chiefly silty shale with thin siltstone beds. (3) Main clay bed here but highly silty. No basal bentonite exposed. Few inches infrafrom cap of good soft flinty et top 1B with siltstone. If this minor below it is better at depth than on coop. This stuff NG. Sandstone above clay has laminated silty zones, some argill. D evident may be small beds coming back May 60 lower 3p/x 56

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Stopo opening in #1 bed - clay still silty but opening up, still no bentonite floor is solid evenbedded ss how, Clay 4) to 5' with 3'+ gravel siltstone floor between it + floors, to south the bentonite like clay comes in at base clay bed- near top of 3' 219), siltstn. Across swale lower split comes in, also ss lense between it and main bed. From swale S. to next stopo Main bed not good - full of siltstone, Base bentonite-like clay in from (4) south at least to stopo. Mino- Robinson Brick + Tile

1320 5240 x 2640 3/53.5 = 236. 79200. 670 1220 1005 335.2640 201 0 1400 33.5, 78 1/6 548 1326 7.8, 1/6 22 22 2,0 3 12 12/30 60 6:300m 66-1. 15,0 3,0 1,7 40 0 6-0 6-0 300-m- 8.5 8,5 10,0 425 78/15 390 78 1 170

(9) cont. up from this main bed in, mined, about 5'± with much silty clay & thin silts, 4

3,3 1,3 4,0 0,9 9,0 10,6 8,0 --- 41,1 3,0 1,7

details of which obscured by wash E 3.0 Sandstone, fine grained, friable loc: argill + siltstn F 1.7 Shelly siltstn + sandy siltstn dated 33/6 Top of massive ledge 1st Glaciation Correlation as traced out on crop S Section 1 Section 2 N base main clay A B C D E F K S S L E R 12. Most of intervening sandstones go out, main bed thin, comes around to W face so that SS over it is crest former. Section 6 A From base SS over worn bed 3.3 - Main clay bed, silty cl + siltstn hemomite-like clay at base 37 1.3 - SS, massive fine gr. Ripmark top, Split: 4.0 - Clay bed = argill siltstone 32.5 0.9 - Sandstone, fine gr. 9.0 - Clay bed@ - argill siltstn + siltstn 10.6 - Sandstone, fine gr, soft mass X bed. 59

Bill Hedley - mine. scblozo from Waterlon Sand and Clay Co. In first of two days. 6,2 0,9 2,9 1,6 4,3 ----- 15.9

8.0 (thus abruptly, S) Silty zone obscured by wash Top of massive 1st Glen sand (13) Dakota clay in new cut (July '52) at Hedley mine slope wash 6.2 Siltstone in 1'x beds, fine-gr X lzy, silty pltings between beds; one from top like contour 0.9 SS as above with 1" bowl-like bed top 1.3 to2.9 Finely silky plastic qrzy slzly clay Sample " 1.6 Aqyil siltst to fine ss ldyo sample 1: 4.3 Clay, grzy finely silky plastic 0.3 bed siltst .9 from bse. F2 Sample 2 Top SS over main bed (14) Hedley mine. re-opened old clay hole in 1952. William Hedley, subleasing from Waterton Sand and Clay Co, they work together. Main bed mined, one below it not mined. (15) Just after Main bed crosses to west of crest, going south, both main bed and one below it are thick. Lower one shows good clay float. (Sample 1) over limited strike crge a local pocket that, as usual, corresponds to low point in hog back. (16) N 25 W 55° E Main bed going back on E side after holding crest for distance. One clay bed under it, between about 6' SS + top of 1st Glen SS. Lower clay here ± 4', but thins to foot of so as SS above thins also about 50' to S. Here base Main clay about 4' from top 1st Glen with 2'ss 2'shelly beds. Lower split out, then in again here. (17) 60

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(17) cont Here, and 60 ft. to south shaly zone in about 22 ft down in first Glen SS. (18) Main clay bed opened here. Is typical of stuff from Hedley mine 5 to here. It fairly good plastic clay with many thin beds and reminer of siltst. Siltst 30% and scattered thru, bed 5.0+ Quarry lies below this is in SS, no Det clay exposed. (14) Hedley mine section (not sampled) 5 foot bed clay under massive x beddss. 1.9. Clay with thin interbeds silt, best clay in this layer. dk gray finely silty to non-silty plastic .6; Bended siltstone .3. Fe silt vsilty cl. .4 Bended siltstone .9 Clay with interbeds silt .7 Bended siltst. .2 Clay .3 Bentonitic clay 1.21 Sandstone, fine gr, massive bed 2.4 Highly silty hard gray clay shot thru with rootlets 1.+ Argillaceous brown gray siltst. 10, 1+ 61

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19. "Dzkoto clay" crops out here - double beds. Apparently little or no sandstone above it. - comes very close to Grumards, 20. Stone quarry, abandoned, in SS above main clay bed. 21. Main clay bed in but obscured probably thin. Local gap caused by lense of the lower split, which is in for short distance here. Main bed channeled out s side gap. main + split 22 N. 20 W, 65° E, clay beds still out here. Between here & s end gap at 21 the SS above main bed rests on the 1st Glen SS. At intervals silty shale zones in the channel SS, but no main bed. 23 Silty clay bed in here forms bench in steep slope. May be lense in SS over main clay, or possibly is the Dzkoto clay. 24 Second clay in here with porcellanitic layer at top. A lense about 10' long thru out 29217, on 1st SS on platy beds on either side. Below on slope are platy beds, I poor Inoceramus (internal mold) found. Looks like ballvausic - obtuse beak but too poor for specific idlent. 6" long on long axis. Above base of 1st Glen is local lense silty clay - about 15' above base. 62

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25. Clay lens? comes in here, very silty, similar to that at (23). Considerable SS over it, may be below for Dakota clay. - Note - is lower split main clay. 26. 1st Glen SS thick, due to coarse calcite in lower 5 to 6', just above caltz zone is coarse clay pellet zone - a local lens. 27, Disconformity - lies between m wash covered slope between 3rd SS and top Lytle SS, a zone 5' to 8' wide. Lytle SS quite thin - at least part cropping. No cyl, few scattered pebbles. Local concent pebbles top surface. Note on clay beds: - Main bed- after pinchout at (21) not traceable but would guess horizon . lies mostly E of crest. The clay that comes in at (23) not identified- it split of main bed it is very low in slope, yet high for Dakota. Looks like clay that comes in at (25), which is lower split. Main bed comes in at (28); the lower split sends out into gap, main bed crosses, lies between SS's on other side. 28 Main bed === 4' t with basal bent, oval ripple marked surface (picture) Note on Dakota clay: If Dakota clay is in at all it is at break in steep rock slope along east base hogback- local silty beds crop out in this position near gap. No good Clay seen. Bed must be within 10' ± Graneros contact. Greneros contact not visible but assumed near lost SS ledges cropping at gap.

B.O.V. 33-83 (1) clay bed (main) in here 6 to 8' silty layers, basal beautonitic clay present. Thins to south and by (2) one of small beds is in over it as base Dakota climbs (2) 3 clay beds in slope. Main bed on ridge side then one of clays above it in locally up to 5' thick. Dk ss above at thinning, Dk clay in locally over ss here. Looking across gap seen that Dk ss cuts down & all but pinches out main clay, while Dk. clay is quite thick & obviously lenticular (See Kozachowic. NOTE RE DISCOUNT Helmer section - Disconf in sloly gap below, 3rd ss & 1st [illegible] ss. 3rd ss thin here (see sect.) (4) Old quarry S of Helmer grp. Section up from base main bed, surface of which exposed over bed area & beautifully ripple marked. N 20 W, 65 E (measuring up) A 0.2 Beautonitic clay B 3.6 Clay, silty with thin interbeds silt. C 40.0 Sandstone, massive x bed & alam, fine gr. browneth D 9.0 Interbedded fine grss in beds 0.1 to 0.8 thick, and plastic silty clay with, finely silty, with some layers & 1 B's silt. Carb matter in some layers almost lignitic clay. Upper 3.8 to 4' mostly pl. clay with .8 to 1.0 cfp of platy siltstone and fine ss. 64

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E 2.6 As above - fb shale tss, variably Unconformity? or fault F 9.3 Sandstone, massive x lcy, fine to med gr. This bed shows evidence of slithering in low 1/2, may be local fault mark. G 3.5 Interbedded fuc grass, loc x lzm, in beds 0.1 to 1.5 thick, and thin pattings silty sli. H. 2.0 to 4.0 Clay, thickness locally up cliff, grey plastic, loc silt. I 3.5 Sandstone, massive, fine grained. J. 1.8 Clay, brownish grey plastic silty K. 6.4 Soft, friable, fine gr ss L. 0.2 Bentonitic zone - ? soft yellowish grny M 2.2 Lcdgy fuc qr ss, Obscured by slip crush. Is not more than 7' (max) to Grancros + interval is transition beds. Note this section may be faulted, fault going through unit F. Altitude on ss bed I = N. 10 W, 65 deg E Altitude on some of pizly beds in D. is same, but either crushing or some faulting between. 65

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B.O.V. 33-8.3 (cont) 3. Quarry in SS, fine gr, gray worth, ss over Main clay 4 Clay and siltstone - Dakota clay, 5) Main bed in N of this knob but cut out here. Split is present as silty zone, minor clay. Main bed has basal bentonite-clay. is 5' thick just before cut out and on N to quarry at end of ridge it varies from 3 to 8 ft as overlying SS channels in+ out. A hitock on ss base main clay N 20 W, 65° E South from cut-out at 5 split becomes sandy mad, 6. Thin silty clay in here for 50'w may or may not be force main back No bentclay or rip SS 7 Cross traverse an hogback here - 1st Glen SS forms crest and trace main bed - prob completely out must be down E slope. On west side bench just below crest held up by locally resistant 2nd SS. Basal frieble 15x S 2nd ss platy beds part 1st SS friable, rests on platy beds Dip on 2nd SS 40°, Dip on 1st is 45, so definite flattening out since (6) above Platy beds in at top 2nd SS are 12 to 15 thick. Silty + shaly zone below 2nd ss then thin 3rd, with 66

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disconformity between st and bench at first Lytle SS from 5 to 15' below. Lytle obviously is thickening. 8. Main bed back in here about 31- and thickening to 5. Between 7 and 8 ridge crest on 1st Glen sand, lower part of which is very friable & has good cal at base. This friable platy beds + 2nd ss + 3rd sh form flat top of ridge. 3rd ss 4 or 5' thick- and at west edge where crest rounds off chief scarp face on Lytle calv SS. 9. Platy beds at crest, cal pebbles in sand wash marks base 1st Glau SS. 3rd ss near break to west's top west scarp 10 Lytle thick with quartzite lenses, corose cal, chert + chertified wood. Chert red & brown. 11. Ripple marked fc cap top 2nd SS just below platy beds. Occasional ripples. 1/1 between crests. Above this platy beds then 1st Glen with cal basal part - see section taken here in 1951 12 Helmers clay mine. Clay bed openings on surface are in a bed directly over main bed and separated from it by 3 or 4' of SS. PictureClay 67

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13. 14. Main bed cut out here by local channel Channel lifts main bed in 2g mtr. 15 On bare N end of this hogback segment, relations of clay beds in Holmer mine clearly shown. Mainbed in with 3'+ ss separating it from Flinty clay above. Lower split below main bed also in here, but is siltstone+ silty siltstone. Above flinty bed is massive x/2cm ss. Flinty bed prob: 1 of "little 3" Base Top massive first Glen (Kossler memb.) 14.2, About 3' silty gray clay at base, then siltstone grading up Lower split into ss with 1-6 silty. Upper 1.5 to 2' is hard bed with ripmarked top-surface (base main bed. 7.9 Main clay bed, basal bentonite then 1" silt-stn., then silty clay 3+ the 1.5 sits, rest more silty clay sh. 3 to 6.9 Evenbedded to clay bru. weathers, parkings silty sh. 10+ clay bed silty plastic clay gray stained yellow + pink. Siltstone beds basal 2 ' Sandstone, Massive X-lam. Note along strike to S, lower split contains @ bentonite bed.

(51) 19 70 8.5 9 79 = x 100 79)900 79 110

16. Third ss thickening, have about 25' + thin, irrev bed x 19m and sits on Variegated clystone of top Lytlu Lytlo Section in rough - Discunt? 15' Worth view; clsty, some Siltstony, white grey pmd 14.2 SS some clsty 62.3 SS, massive x bedd with cal. 490 lenses, some qzite. wash, on red beds Further s., cal in below red + Lytlv continues to thicken. 17. The clay under discunt. punches out here and 3rd ss rests directly on Lytlv with fresh difficult to see in some places 18. Main bed in, obscured by wash appears thick 19. Appear to be at least 2 beds clay above main bed here 69

3 2 24 28 20 24 93

Resume'- Clays south of South Platte River. Main bed: Begins to come in at end hogback N. of South Platte, but largely silty. South of Platte bed is in and out [see maps] In general, clay contains considerably more siltstn. than in other mining area near golden. Is characterized by middle silty part (see sections of it from Verdos section south.) Probably would not be exploited in this area were it not for other clays associated with it.

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Benton transition DAKOTA GLENCAIRN 1st Glen ss 2nd 3rd LYTLE MORRISON

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