[Journals], 1908-1912

Andrews, Roy Chapman, 1884-1960; American Museum of Natural History; Andrews Alaskan Expedition (1908); Andrews Canadian Field Trip; Philippines Expedition (1909); Japanese Whaling Expedition (1910)

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Whales Scientific expeditions Andrews Roy Chapman 1884-1960 Andrews Alaskan Expedition (1908)

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Whale Notes & Measurements Japan 1910 R.C. Andrews Amer. Museum of Natural History (Addres) New York City U.S.A. 5366 Kōzo = tree from which paper is made - made in Tosa province LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEVM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE AMNH LIBRARY 100043791

Roy C. Andrews Only 30 whaling ships allowed in Japan. K,219 Blue 62 57 Sei D.K. welt 51 Frederik 43 vert 28 ribs O/K 2 Luit van 1 chmn 7 14 13 23 57 Spermaceti 045-vert 15 chmrs 20 ribs 2 hands

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1 Page 2/5 Sei whale no 1 Blue whale no 1 Oshima 16 Sei " " 2 " 15 Killer " " 3 " 23 Sei " " 4 " 28 " " " 5 " 32 Finback " 6 " 35 Blue " " 7 " 39 " " " 8 " 42 Finback " 9 Aikawa 45 " " 10 " 47 " " 11 " 51 " " 12 " 5-4 " " 13 " 56 Blue whale " 14 " 5-9 " " foetus " 14 a " 61 Finback " 15 " 66 " " 17 " 68 Sei whale " 19 " 79 Finback " 20 " 83 Humback " 21 " 86 Finback " 22 " 89 " " 23 " 92 Sei whale " 24 " 96 Humback " 25 " 99 Sei Whale " 26 " 102 Curis koralis " 27 " 104-56 " " 28 " #109 " " 29 " 114 S. obliquedens " 30 " Page 116 S. obliquedens no, 31 117 Phocena " 32 125 S. obliquedens " 38 132 G. scammonei " 40 140 Small fish " 49 142 S. obliquedens " 50 147 Sperma " 46 147 " " 47 150 " " 48 153 " " 52 157 Finback nos 53-54 160 Blue whale " 55- 162 Sperma " 5-6 163 " " 5-7 167 " " 5-8 170 " " 5-9 171 " " 60 173 " foetus " 60a 178 Sei whale " 61 179 " " " 62 182 " " " 63 184 Finback " 64 185- Sei whales nos. 65-66 186 " " 67-68 187 " " 69 187 " foetus 188 Sei whale " 70 189 " " 72 190 Humback skeleton " 25 193 Sperma " 71 194 Finwhale " 72 194 " " 73

2 P.M. Guayaquil No 745. See whale of Aug 23/10 Guayaquil Ventral line from anus & flukes gray like sides of peduncle - navel to genital pinkish Posterior to fin insertion the gray on sides is very light tinged with pinkish - only a suggestion of grayer band across abdomen - slight bluish tinge to general color. Right lip all gray to tip. narrows a little lighter. Below right fin & folds grayish are tinged with pink now and then. Folds of throat, chin & anus all dark gray - folds of breast white tinged with pink and all furrows dark gray except || in mid-ventral line. Top of head has two ridges parallel with median ridge but more or less broken. Navel at end of furrow. Total length by centes = 46'-6

7.30 P.M. Japan T. H. K. K. 5 (skeleton taken) No. 1 Blue Whale - ♀ (pregnant) Apr. 4/10 Oshima, Shaker added. Contained a male foetus about 18 in long. Preserved. Color Body A very light whale caused by a predominance of the light gray markings. Top of head uniform slate-gray. From head backward to almost to dorsal, on the very median line of the back, as a narrow band of slate gray like head color. Rest of back & sides from corner of mouth almost wholly light gray, the light markings are interrupted occasionally by small patches of the dark color - large areas, however, are solid light gray with no suggestion of darker - Light markings turn downward to run along sides of furrows, meeting on median line below between navel and anus. On folds at their ends there be many gray-white washers; these markings become pure white on the folds on the sides of the belly and extend forward nearly to insertion of fins - they do not meet on the median line on the fields of the belly. Under right pectoral is a white patch (broken) about 2 feet wide by 2 ½ feet deep. The white markings turn upward meeting this patch, and are both on the folds and in the furrows - Between pectorals

there are only a few light markings - infiorit of fins on breast & throat, 2nd light markings, uniformly slate gray like head - The light gray dashes extend forward in a narrow band and to [crossed out] a little in front of above eye - On the peduncle the light gray color predominates and is broken by darker in only a few places - Pectorals Right & Left are alike in color. Superiorly the distal 1/4 of fin is white - this extends backward along the posterior edge to the middle of fin - [crossed out] along the anterior edge for about 1/3 of the length of the fin - rest of upper surface dark gray. The dark gray of the above, runs down to exact median line of the anterior edge & there meets the white of the under surface. While under sur- face of fin white. The pectorals of this whale are colored like those in one of the figures given by True of the New- foundland Blue whales. It is rather unusual to see the white of the under surface overreaching on the tip of the fin above. I saw it in only one of, the Vancouver [illegible] specimens. Fins are like this: [handwritten diagram of a fin labeled gray, white]

7 Flehes Superiorly: Above dark gray. Inferiorly flehes are marked with rather coarse white lines - which run from ant. edge & curve inward almost reaching posterior margin as in the Van. specimen - The central area of flehes is very light (caused by the white lining) except the tip which is dark. Both lobes are the same in color - Dorsal Gray (light) caused by many many light gray lines which run from anterior edge (indian) diagonally downward & backward over sides - a scar near lip - (photographed) Jaw external character Inside right ramus of mandible, prox imal 1/2 very light bluish gray, distal 1/2 bluish white. Tongue bluish slate as in Van. speci- mens. Mucous membrane in roof of mouth indigo as in Van. specimens. External Character Many of the "scar" like spots on the peduncle and on back, sides proximal half of top of head. These "scars" were like those which I observed on the Vancouver Erbbacks & on one or two of the Blue Whales - also on one or two Alaska Humpbacks. I can see no other origin for them except that they may be due to the action of parasitic copepods. Fine creases run up from the posterior insertion of fin across its base for 2/3 of the way,

8 to the anterior edge. Eye. Below eye there are two deep creases. Two creases run out from the anterior corner -- above eye are 4 short, shallow creases and one long deep one. This sketch was made back before head had been cut at and so that it is correct. The iris is brown 32 cent. front 29 cent. Eye opening is 9.5 cent. long The median ridge on top of the head rises gradually from the front, the highest point being directly in front of the anterior ends of the blowholes -- here it was about six inches high. A cross section of the rostrum, taken directly in front of spiracles is like this: The head of Van specimen were all the same. There are low, hardly perceptible ridges which lose them- selves long before reaching snout. As far as could be seen from color & external appearance this specimen differed not at all from the Van. Blue whales. Measurements, see opposite page.

Many of these measurements were taken when [illegible] was in the water and while I believe most of them to be correct, yet I can not be certain of all. Measurements of No. 1 1 Total length snout to notch over back = 3 snout to eye = 6 " " post. insert. of pectoral = 7 " " " " dorsal = /0 Length opening of eye = 9.5 /6 notch of flukes to post. insert. of dorsal = 17 " " " " " pectoral = 18 Pectoral (tip to head of humerus) } 19 " " (" " post. insertion ) Right 20 " " ( " " ant. " " ) 21 Greatest breadth of pectoral = 22 Height of dorsal (vertical) = 23 Flukes, tip to tip = 24 " greatest breadth (ant.-post.) = 27 " length left lobe (axially) = Pectoral - tip to head of humerus " " " post insertion " " " ant. " Osteology Vertebral formula - C 7 D 15-43 Jy Ca = 65, last caudal Ribs - 15 pairs. about the size of Chevrons 16 - last very small. a small blocky When the vertebral column had been assembled ed after the bones were cleaned, it measured 5-3 feet 2 inches from atlas to last caudal, in a straight line.

10 1 a.m. T.N. N. N. No. 2 Sei Whale (?) (young adult) Apr. 6/10 Oaking, that world. This whale was drawn out upon the cut- ting ship so my measurements are all accurate & were taken with the greatest care. Color Body The edge of the head on the right side extends about 2 inches above the eye is dark slate - the remainder of the edge of the rostrum is gray. On the left side the dark slate covers the whole of the eye to about two inches above the eye it is lighter gray, for a short distance then the dark color begins again and extends along back to either sides. The edges of the snout for about 1 foot on either side are light gray. On the peduncle the dark color covers the upper 1/3 & comes down to the insert- ion of the flippers. The left ramus of the mandible is gray - a bluish-gray runs along the side of throat & breast, but the ramus is lighter than the latter parts. Rivulets of the folds below the left fin are blue gray slate. Throat & breast pinkish- white (deep flesh color) in furrows but folds are white - On the sides the dark of the back shades off rather abruptly into light Isabella-gray - as in the Finback, this light gray comes farther & farther down on the sides until 1/3 cent. behind arms it covers all but a narrow

ventral line. This ventral line the the belly is light pink mucous membrane in mouth is pink- Flukes below grayish white above dark- Pictures above dark Dorsal fin is dark slate on runcus like back- Very high (photographed) Eye Pupil widely elliptical- iris brown- then comes a very narrow ring of dark blue, then a wider ring of bluish-white, then ring of brown which gradually shades off into white of eye ball Baleen The greater portion of baleen plates is very dark of dark slate lead color but a narrow streak of the inner edge is white- like this A dark lead one The bristles are all white ex- white A lead one cpt at the tips which are grayish - in the except at proper tip. anterior 1/2 of baleen the bristles are all white The bristles of posterior 1/2 become grayish at the tips, the gray being of greater extent that are the very back portions. When I first looked at baleen I thought that the bristles of all the plates were See descent im of baleen of not see whale for another full + detailed account.

12 pale is rather meaner & the trumpeth than the N.B. Compared with Franklin's balaen the dark colored part of the sea whose is much darker. In fact the color of the plate is [illegible]. pure white for about 1 inches up from the base, On closer insp. & then became tinged with grayish. On closer insp- spection I discovered that this grayish tinge dark was due to the lead colored of the baleen plates showing through the fringe of bristles, and that the bristles them- selves were not grayish except on the tips of the posterior one half. The pure white strip along the inner base of the baleen plates give the appearance of a white band along both sides of the baleen. The baleen of both sides was alike. The folds end 100 cent. anterior to the umbi- bilicus. N.B. (Umbilicus not located correctly) Osteology Right scapula Left scapula cent cent greatest height (vertical) = 40 Dito = 41 breadth = 66.5 Dito = 66 Length coracoid = 6.5 Dito = 16 acromion = 15 Dito = 7.5- Both scapulae photographed & saved. Left rami of mandible Length straight = 2 2 6 " curved = 2 3 0 Trip to coronoid straight = 189 Height of " vertical = 4.5" (coronoid cut a little)

13 The left pectoral fin was rared and I dissected it with great care, cutting away the cartilage from the tinnuute phalanges at the tips of the digits. I am absolutely certain that the formula below is correct. Left Pectoral II III IV I (I took as the 2nd digit the outside) 4 6 5' 2 one on the region [illegible] There were five carpal ossifications in this fin - 3 in the proximal row were about to an inch and half in diameter & were placed in a parallel line with the ends of the radius & ulna. The two carpals in the distal row were small. The right fin presented the same number & position of the ossifications. Left fin Length of radius (median straight) = 46.5- Breadth " (distally ) = 10.5 Length ulna (median ) = 45-3 Breadth " (distally ) = 9.3 Depth dorsavan " = 6 Length of humerus (median") = 27 There were either 12 or 13 ribs, I could not be sure which, but I think 14 pairs (N.B. on no 4 see where I find 13 progs ribs & this is probably the normal number) (Measuments see page 14)

14 Measurements of Sei Whale no.2 1 Total length notch to notch = 1007 3 Notch to eye = 190. 4 " " ear = 25.3 6- " " blowhole (center) = 18.81 6 " " post. insert. pectoral = 360 7 " " " " dorsal = 7510 } 8 Eye to ear (center) = 60 9 " above " = 10 10 Length opening of eye = 7 16 Notch of flukes to post. insert. dorsal. = 290 17 " " " " " pectoral. = 670 18 Length pectoral (tip to head of humerus) = 142 19 " " " " post. insertion = 90. 20 " " " " ant " " = 121 21 Greatest breadth of pectoral = 27 22 Height of dorsal (vertical) = 32 23 Flukes tip to tip. = 245. 26- Depth notch of flukes = 18. 27 Length left lobe axially. = 132 32 " " blowhole straight = 27 33 Dist. apart " anteriorly = 2.51 33 " " " posterialy = 16 37 Across to naval = 180 39 Dist between male mammae = 9 41 Longest plate of baleen (outside) = 381 42 Number... " = 293 44 " of longest junctions (btwn. junc.) = 4.2 Cent.-post. length dorsal = 451

K. K. K. 348#4 skeleton taken 10 a.m. 15 No. 3 Killer (Orca orca) ♀ Apr. 8/10 Oshima struck, d, I was given time to photograph & measure carefully this specimen and also to com- pare it with the figure given by True in his "Delphinidae" a copy of which I had with me. His figure is excellent and could hardly very be improved upon - only a few trifling- otant details (illegible) which the specimen differed from the figure. Color Body General color black - by pulling off one layer of the epidermis the color below was seen to be very dark neutral tint which is probably the color in life. An elliptical white spot running fore & aft on side of head. The anterior point of this spot (illegible) projects two four cent. infront beyond eye and about five cent. above it; the length (long- studinal) of this spot was 60 cent. - its greatest breadth was 17 cent. On the side of the back, oppoiste the posterior insertion of the dorsal fin was a roughly crescent-shaped patch of purple. This was very indistinct, and its edges were not well defined. It was of same shape, site & position as the white patch shown in True's figure. (illegible) thin, throat & head to pectorals white. White extends from corner of mouth backward and downward to about 7 or 8 cent. beyond anterior insertion of fin. The white extends considerably above a line drawn from corner of mouth to

and insertion of fin, just at corner of mouth the black projects into the white in a small semi-circle. The white runs down between pectoralis below & extends backward along the median ventral line. The white does not come up close under the fins or [illegible] a short narrow. The white area is broad between the fins narrowing as it goes backward until at its narrowest point it is 20 cent wide. At then curve abruptly upward & backward along the sides of the peduncle, At the point when it curves backward on the side the white band is 56 cent wide. The central line of the trident runs backward to a little behind vent. Above the genitalia the white is 44 cent wide; the black above the genitalia is 20 cent wide. On the sides of the peduncle the white ends 175 cent, from insertion of pectoralis (anterior) & in the central white line at [illegible] & a little in front of the mark made is a black patch. The upward curve of the white area on the sides, begins 28 cent. from anterior insertion of fin, and ends 170 cent. from insertion of pectoralis (anterior) above black. Below white except for a black band 2 inches wide which runs along the posterior margin across the

tips & on the anterior edges for about ten inches from the tips, where it seems off & is lost. The white of the lower surface extends forward in a triangular patch on the inferior edge of its peduncle about 8 or quiches [inches] of anterior to the insertion of the flukes. The anterior edge of the flukes was almost straight except near the tips where it curved to meet the posterior edge. The posterior edge was slightly concave near the tips, then curved very gradually anterior until it turned rather abruptly inward to form the notch. The median ventral ridge of the peduncle is low on the inferior surface, & loses itself about four inches from the bottom of the notch. On the superior surface of the flukes the dorsal median ridge of the peduncle is more prominent than below and extends nearly to the notch. Black above & below - Pectoral fins

18 Dorsal fin Black - Anterior edge [illegible] convex toward tip - posterior edge concave forming a shallow crescent. The fin is better described as being erect and not deeply falcate. Top of Head view From the pectoral fins to the eye, it narrows gradually, but in front of the eye the two sides slope more abruptly to the snout which is "roundly truncated". A photograph taken after the head had been severed from the body, shows that it is not quite bilaterally symmetrical. Sideview A few inches from the tip of the mandible there is a pronounced dip in the outline of the throat. The snout projects 2 cm. beyond the lower jaw. It rises abruptly and then slopes gradually upward backward to the flowhole. From the corner of the mouth, there is a white edging to the upper lip. This white band is about one inch wide at the corner of the mouth gradually nar- rowing as it comes forward until it runs off and is lost before it quite reaches the middle of the lip. Hairs snout I examined the snout, lower jaws head with the [illegible] greatest care to see if any hairs were present - none whatever

Kushimoto purple 19 could I find, nor were there any evidences of their having been any. Corrections of figure published by True's "Delphinidae" The dip in the chin is more abrupt & pronounced than is shown in the figure. The upper edge of the white spot above eye is more curved than shown in figure - that is the spot is more nearly regularly elliptical. The white of the superior tHroat runs down closer to base of pectoral and it ends in a curve instead of an angle as shown in figure. The superior edge of the white mark on the peduncle is more con- cave (not flat) than in figure. There is to much dip, in the superior outline of the peduncle, in the figure - this is nearly straight. No white edging as shown on the proximal half of the upper lip as figured. These are all probably only individual differences & have but little importance] Blowhole It is irregularly semicircular slit the convex border points forward. The blowhole is sit- uated in a slight depression in the top of the head. Length curved = 16 cm? Length from tip to tip of points (straight) = 12 cm?

20 E Eye The eye is situated 11 cent. above the corner of the mouth and 10 cent. behind it. The opening is 4 cent. in length + is elliptical. There are no creases either above or below eye. Tongue The tongue was yellowish white & 5.0 cent. long by 2.1 cent. greatest breadth. The stomach contained the dorsal fin & part of the skin immediately in front of it, of a porpoise. The fin is shaped like this. [Drawing] probably graphed on whitish! (photographed) it's vertical height in inches " and post length at base is 11 inches Blubber on back of Killer thickest just above pectoral in median line - here it is 5.5 cent. thick - as it goes backward the thickness increases until on peduncle just above generated in mid dorsal line it is 17 cent. thick (this is not the thickest place)

21 9 measurements of killer (Osea area) cent. 1 Total length (snout to flukes over back) = 670 2 Semi-cir. of body just behind fins from mid dorsal line to mid ventral line = 220* 3 Snout to eye = 74 4 " " ear = 103 5 " " blowhole (center) = 88 6 " " post. insertion of pectoral = 168 7 " " " " dorsal = 331 8 Dist. from eye to ear (center) = 3.5 9 Ear below eye ' = 7.5 10 Length opening of eye = 4 11 " " " ear = .2 12 notch of flukes to anus = 205. 13 " " " " clitoris = 280 14 " " " " mammary slit = 224 15 " " " " umbilicus = 393 16 " " " " post. insertion of dorsal = 840 17 " " " " pectoral = 0.20 18 Length pectoral tip to head of humerus = 19 " " " " post. insertion = 78 20 " " " " ant. ... = 100 21 Greatest breadth of pectoral = 5.9 22 Height dorsal (vertical) = 70 23 Flukes tip to tip = 195. 24 Greatest breadth flukes (ant. - post.) = 5.9 25 Depth notch of flukes = 11 26 Length right lobe " " (axially) = 101 27 Left " " = 104 * The whale had been lying about 17 hours, was considered ably swelled by gas - no air had been pumped in whale

22 28 Greatest thickness of pectoral at insertion = 29 Depth of peduncle at ant. mist of peces = 5.7 30 " " midway between insertion of pecles and anes. = 86- Length of clankle (straight) = 12 " " " " (curved) = 16 34 Length of arms = 6 35

23 skeleton taken 8 p.m. no.4 Seiwhale female Apr.13/0 @shima This whale was pulled out upon the slip & my measurements were carefully taken so they can be relied upon fully. color Left side top of head is dark slate except for a band (along edge of septum) in front space about three feet long and one foot wide; this band is a little lighter in color than rest. Right side top of head is dark slate like left side except for a broad area of lighter slate which runs from eye nearly up to blowhole & then diagonally forward downward toward end of snout; therefore the greater part of this side is of the lighter color. Back of the superior one third of sides are dark slate as top head - rest down two thirds of sides light gray - at navel the gray of the sides comes down & runs across belly in a band about 3 ft. wide - the navel is situated in the center of this band, The dark slate of the back & upper sides comes down to the insertion of the flukes - from the tip of the navel jaw to throat breast are white; The furrows of which are pinkish. 17 folds on the breast are white? - The pinkish color does not extend up to fins underneath; under the right fin 11 folds are dark gray - about the same number under the left fin although I did not

count the exact number - Directly under the corners of the mouth on left side 20 folds are dark gray - Further end of the creases or furrows to the flukes the gray comes down nearly to the ventral line, which is pinkish. The right finbocks The pinkish ventral area narrows gradually from the genital; bacward until it becomes a very narrow line. On Left ramus of mandible has lower one half light gray - upper 1/2 slate or dark gray. The edges of the snout for 12 inches on either side are light gray - Flukes Under surface of flukes light gray - about same color as ribs of peduncle- cased by very fine lines - the posterior edges are dark slate as are tips and the anterior edge for a few inches from tips. Above flukes are slate. Petrolars Right (Photographed) The superior surface has the anterior edge light gray caused by the light color of below running up over the edge onto the superior surface for about 2 inches for its whole length. The remainder of the fin is blue slate becoming dark slate to near posterior edge. Below, the anterior half of the fin for its whole distance is light gray

- the posterior one half is slate, except near its proximal end where the slate changes to dark gray. Baleen There are 315 plates of baleen on the left side counting all plates two inches or more in height. The first 207 plates of baleen have more or less white along their inner edges; this white is in longitudinal streaks & decreases gradually toward the posterior part of the baleen row - the remainders of the plates are all very dark [illegible] - much darker than the Finback baleen. Along the inner base of the baleen row for short length is a line of plates from two to three inches high & one half inch wide. There are white & with their white bristles white make a band about five inches high along inner base of baleen row. The bristles of its anterior fourth of the baleen row are all white - the second fourth have the tips tinged with grayish for about four inches, the third fourth have about eight inches of tips grayish & the bristles of the last fourth are almost all grayish & except for the white base line. When one first looks at the baleen of the sei whale he believes gets quite a different impression than

26 that obtained by a careful examination. This description was written at my leisure, while examining carefully the baleen of this whale. For a description of baleen of whale no. 2 one should refer to this - the baleen of that whale was as nearly like this specimen as possible. External Characters The distance between the lips of baleen the two rows of baleen at the widest point was 85 cent, (as they were setting in position). The superior edge of the peduncle does not descend to the flukes quite so abruptly as it does in the Blue Whale. At the ant. extremity of its flukes the peduncle is 42 cent wide & 78 cent deep. The folds are about 3 cents wide on breast - are narrower on throat & order where they end. Three measurements of the fin were taken (ant & post positions) before the pectoral was cut off, while it was extended at right angles from the body. Ribs 14 pairs - the last pair being rudimentary. First ribs on both sides have bifurcated heads. Skeleton taken so full description can be written later)

20.? 27 measurements of no.4 1 total length = 1350 3 tip of snout to eye = 250 5 " " " " " blowhole = 220 6 " " " " post insertion of pectoral = 465. 10 length opening of eye = 8 14 notch of flukes & mammary slit = 885- 16 " " " " post insertion of pectoral = 890 18 length pectoral (tip to head of humerus) = 187 19 " " " " (" " post. insertion') = 152 20 " " " " and = 165. 21 greatest breadth of pectoral = 40 24 " " " " flukes ant-post. = 90 26 length right lobe axially = 170 28 greatest thickness of flukes at insertion = 17 29 depth peduncle at ant. insert. of flukes = 78 37 anus to naval = 400 39 dist. between mammarys = 12 40 length rows of baleen (straight) = 275- 41 " " longer plate of baleen (inserted) = 70 42 number of plates of baleen = 365- 44 number of broad feams between fins = 32

28 10 P.M. No.5 Sei whale ♀ Apr. 13/10 Oshima Color Body Top of head, left side, dark slate - the upper edges of the snout for a short distance from the end on either side are grayish - underneath this changes to pinkish white extends backward for 1/35 cent, from tip of snout Left ramus of mandible has upper 2/3 light slate & lower 1/3 Isabellan green. Right ramus is light gray for its whole distance - in front of the dorsal fin to head the back and upper sides are dark slate - behind dorsal the upper 1/3 of the peduncle is dark slate like back - the sides of peduncle from fins backward are blotching many dark & light over small areas - the light areas seem to be composed of fine wavy lines or "grainy" I also a great many small white scars. On breast between fins are 2 white folds - furrows are pinkish - there are 9 dark folds under right fin. Rosters The pink area (central) becomes narrower as it goes backward until when it reaches peduncle it is very narrow - Same as in the other whales I have described. Pedals Above slate except anterior edge which

is light for almost whole distance but the light is very narrow toward proximal end. Under surface of both fins is very light gray superior surface finely lined with graphitic almost white. Baleen Brushes of 1st one fifth of baleen row all white - 2nd - fifth has tips grayish- in 3rd fifth tips grayish for about 8 or 10 inches - in 4th fifth grayish for half their length from tips down- ward - last fifth all grayish. For 3/5 cent. from tip of baleen row on either side plates all white. Eye Length of pupil = 15 mil. Dia. " " = 11 " Length of iris = 38 " Dia. " " = 23 " circ. of eyeball (trimmed) = 3/0 mil. Pupil elliptical - then comes 2/2 of dark brown (much darker than in Finback) which is 1/2 mil wide - then just a suggestion of a bluish-white ring or edging to the next wide ring which is almost black turns off into the gray of the eyeball; there's blackish ring is 1/9 mil. wide - eyeball is elliptical

30 These measurements were taken from the eye before it was put in alcohol. it was carefully compared with the eye of a finback taken the next day. The eyeball is much more electrical than is that of the Finback. Very high (photographed). By peeling off portions of the epidermis I found the color to be gray slate, with little of any blue in it. This is probably the true life color of the back & head also. The Finback dorsal was neutral tint, with a good deal of blue? mixed with black & white, would get it. It was decidedly purplish which is probably life color & is what I have described the Alaska Finbacks to be. Measurements of Sei Whale (taken in section) (average of 3 sections) 1 Total length (snout to notch.) = 14'60 3 Snout to eye straight, = 287 10 Eye opening. = 7 14 notch of flukes to mammary slit = 425 16 " " " post. base dorsal = 445 18 length pectoral tip to head of humerus = 193 19 " " " " post merist. = 135? 20 " " " ant. " = 170 21 breadth pectoral = 37 22 height dorsal (vertical) = 44

19.6 SW-TYPE 31 Height of dorsal (axially) = 65- Length (ant - part, at base) > 80 23 Flukes tip to tp = 355. 27 Length left lobe axially = 195. 29 Depth peduncle at ant. insert of flukes = 85- 30 " " between flukes & anura = 135. 38 Length of mammary slit = 18 39 Dist. between mammae = 18 40 Length baleen row = 285- 41 " longest baleen plate (inside) = 73 44 number throat furrows = 40

32 2 P.M. No. 6 Fireback ♀ Apr. 14/10 Oshima This individual was brought in about 2 P.M. so I was able to get a few photographs. The "total length" is the total of three sections. Color Body Upper sides + back neutral tint (scanty pulling off the upper epidermal layer) - the ridge of back & peduncle neutral, the rest of the upper sides + sides Isabellan gray (the neutral tint of the back extends down from the median line only about 12 inches on either side) Left rammers dark slate - Right rammers has the anterior half all whitish shading into light gray of the posterior half. As in the Alaska Firebacks the gray of the sides comes farther & farther down toward the mid ventral line as it goes back- ward until about 3 ftin front of the flukes only the very ventral ridge of its peduncle is white - a little way behind the genitalia the ventral white strip is 15 inches wide. The throat, breast & belly are white, (feebly) with dark furrows as in Alaska Firebacks. Under right fin 3 folds are gray Patterns The tips of both fins have been injured - I photographed both inferior & superior surface. Under side (Right) has ant. 2/3 whitish gray shading running over post. 1/3 from

Edge. Above ant. edge whitish for whole length - rest of upper surface gray. Both fins are the same. On under side left fin two fresh scars, cres shaped, dep centrally where parasites had been lodged. Baleen I counted all baleen plates on left side from very back plate 2 inches high to front plate 2 inches high - there were 332 in all on this side. On the right side (anterior) 28 plates were white - the edge of the smooth under- neath is whitish for the length of the white portion of baleen. Anterior two thirds of baleen plates have bristles light grayish at tips - (very front ones are not so, but are white) posterior 1/3 have bristles all grayish, darker at tips. Eye Pupil nearly round - iris very widely elliptical - Iris is brown - iris is 12 mil. wide - then a white ring 4 mil. wide - then brown ring 10 mil. wide which runs off into gray of eyeball. Eyeball is very widely elliptical - almost round. Length of pupil - --- 20 mil. Dia " " - --- 17 " length " iris - --- 43" Dia " " - --- 30 " Cir. of eyeball (trimmed) - --- 375"

34 21:5 Osteology Skull These measurements were taken when the skull had been cleaned and are correct. Length (straight) (from tip of premax. to condyles taken below) = 477 cent. Breadth (squamosal) = 180 " Length of jaw (straight) = 450 " " " " (curved) = 483." Measurements of Finback No 6 1 Total length (total of three sections) = 18630 3 Snout to eye = 401 5 " " blowhole (center) = 347 10 Length eye opening = 9 12 notch of flukes to annus = 570 16 " " " " post vert of dorsal = 4730 18 Length of pectoral (tip to head humerus) = 230 19 " " " " " post. vert. = 1430 20 " " " " ant. " = 1930 21 Greatest breadth pectoral = 60 22 Height dorsal (vertical) = 43 2 " " (axial) = 75 ant.-post length dorsal at base = 85 31 Length right blowhole straight = 44 32 " left " " = 41 33 Dist. apart of" (anteriorly) = 5. 34 " " " postenially = 250 40 Length row of baleen = 400 41 " longest plate of baleen = 80 42 Number plates " " (left side) = 332 43 " " " in right port. = 98 Snout to fore foot = 1350 snout = 74.5.

10 p.m. 35 no. 7 Blue Whale ♂ April 14/10 Oshima The length of this whale was the total of three sections. Color Body The top of the head is almost as light gray as are the markings -- it is solid color -- at blowholes it is darker -- the lighter markings extend (on left side) forward to the eye ending there in very small patches -- On the left side of the body as far as the end of the fin, the light color is almost solid, broken in only a few places by the darker ground color. On the sides of the pectoral from the fin backward to the flukes the light & dark colors are about equal in quantity -- the light color is in small patches -- just forward of flukes there is more dark than light -- Along the ridge of the back from fins to flukes the [illegible] dark color predominates -- but there are also many rather small light markings. -- On the sides the light markings follow downward along the ends of the furrows closely but do not run over one to the folds -- Just above the left fin the light color is almost solid -- The light gray mark-ings which follow the ends of the folds

34 sterling skull These measurements were taken when the skull had been cleaned & are correct. Length (straight) (from tip of premax. to condyles taken below) = 477 cent. Breadth (squamosal) = 180 " Length of jaws (straight) = 450 " " " " (curved) = 485 " Measurements of Finback No.6 1 Total length (total of three sections) = 1865i 3 Snout to eye = 401 5 " " blowhole (center) = 347 10 Length eye opening = 9 12 notch of flukes to anuses 16 " " " post. mist of dorsal = 475i 18 Length of pectoral (tip to head humerus) = 230 19 " " " post. mist. = 145i 20 " " " ant. " = 195i 21 Greatest breadth pectoral = 60 22 Height dorsal (vertical) = 43 2 " " (apical) = 75i ant.-post length dorsal at base = 85 31 Length right blowhole straight = 44 32 " left " " = 41 33 Dist. apart of (anteriorly) = 5- 34 " " " posteneariy = 25i 40 Length row of baleen = 400 41 " longest plate of baleen = 80 42 Number plates " " (left side) = 332 43 " " " " in right part = 95

10 pm 35 no. 7 Blue Whale ♂ April 14/10 Oshima The length of this whale was the total of three sections. Color Body The top of the head is almost as light gray as are the markings - it is solid color - at blowwhales it is darker - the lighter markings extend (on left side) forward to the eye ending there in very small patches - On the left side of the body as far as the end of the fin the light color is almost solid, broken in only a few places by the darker ground color. On the sides of the peduncle from the fin backward to the flukes the light & dark colors are about equal in quantity - the light color is in small patches - just forward of flukes there is more dark than light - Along the ridge of the back from fins to flukes the lighter dark color predominates- but there are also many rather small light markings - On its sides the light markings follow down ward along the edges of the furrows closely but do not seem over onto the pector. Just above the left fin the light color is almost solid - The light gray mark- ings which follow the ends of the folds

meet at the genitalia but from navel to genitalia an mid-ventral line they do not meet and this is plain - from the genitalia backward to pleura on the ventral base the light & dark markings are about equal. There as a patch of dark about five feet long & two feet wide (irregular) from the posterior insertion of dorsal forward, on the left side. Right ramus of mandible is gray - lighter than the top of the head (which is the same color as the back of the body). On throat (median) are a few small ash colored markings. On the folds white markings come down from root of each fin diagonally backward & downward directed toward navel but only a few scattered ones reach navel. There are only a very few small scattered white markings on very mid-ventral line forward of navel - there are a few ashy markings on breast between fins but no white ones - No white patch below fins - Dorsal is lined as usual - the out-edge is very light - almost white -

Flukes Above considerably darker gray than sides of body. Below are gray (darker than no. 1) gray for whole surface except a narrow posterior edging to the tips which are dark - Pectorals. Above dark gray except tips and the ant. 7/3 of [illegible] and edge - these parts are white - below white, both fins same lower 1/2 of ant edge has is white white dark gray External notes A fresh parasite scar at ant. end of blow holes, shaped like this O This is elliptical cups about one inch deep and contains a lining which may be pulled out, leaving the flesh exposed. Capt. Wilson tells me that it is a "shell-less barnacle" which fastens here. Evidently the parasite lets got frees itself when the whale is killed. It could not be a barnacle like those are the Hemp- bach (Coronula) for this fellow could not let go. Also the scars are nothing like those left by Coronula.

38 between fins one fold is 6.5 cm. wide. These same scars were found on bale, the Sei whale & Finback. Osteology Length of skull (straight) from tip of premax, to condyles below = 590 Breath squamosal = 250 Length jaw straight = 560 " " curved = 6.00 Measurements 1 Total length (taken in sections) = 2275 3 Snout to eye = 5.06 12 Notch of flukes & anus = 625(?) 16 " " " post. int. dorsal = 5151 17 " " " " pectoral = 1440 (574) 18 Length pectoral tip to head hilvers) = 365 19 " " " post mist. = 2351 20 " " " ant. " = 3251 21 Greatest breadth pectoral = 90 23 Flukes tip & tip = 24 Greatest breadth flukes (ant-post) = 180 25 Depth notch = 20 26 Length right lobe axially = 2751 30 Depth peduncle between flukes anus = 215-

10 P.M. 39 No.8 Blue Whale J Apr 15/10 Oshima Total length of this where ever taken straight? Color Top of head left side is mostly rather Body light gray (but not as light as body markings) From opposite the genitalia the sides of the peduncle back to its flukes is mostly small light gray mark- ings - also here there are many scattered white dashes or markings - On ventral surface just above the genitalia for about one foot on either side the darker gray predominates and backward to midway between the flukes across darker gray predom- inates - from there out to flukes the central line is light gray like sides of peduncle. Between its nearly circles are ventral line the darker gray is found. From the dorsal fin to flukes the light gray markings runs over mid dorsal line. The lighter gray markings of the upper side run close down to base of fin above and down out six of the folds between corner of mouth and anterior insertion of fin, The lighter gray markings follow the ends of the furrows but do not come so close to ends as in No.7 Blue Whale.

40 On belly folds from a short distance behind fins there are many small ash colored markings - also a few scattered white ones. Six folds under left fin are whitish - an irregular line 3 ft long of white dashes comes obliquely downward to back near from posterior insertion of fin. There is then a break of 18 inches in the white line of dashes and then it begins again reaching nearly to median line, halfway between first navel. These white dashes are about 2" m. long to 3"s wide. [illegible] Five folds directly under right fins are whitish (but not the furrows). At least between fins are a few ash colored markings. On upper sides & back directly above navel is a large patch of almost solid light gray markings - the navel is white. The right ranner of the mandible is of a lighter gray than are folds of the throat. Dorsal Photographed Anterior edge very light gray shading laterally into the gray color of the body markings - Very light gray lines start from ant. edge & run downward over sides as in

41 all the other Blue Whales - tip & post- erior edge is dark gray - post. edge has been injured. Pictures white Both gris alike dark gray Below all white - Photographed Above dark gray except ant edge tips as shown in drawing. External Characters The peduncle is covered with small scars of "blisters" which give it a crumbled appearance. Male mammary situated on either side of ventral line 30 cent. behind perineal base. Measurements of No 8 1 Total length - (taken straight along side) = 2205- 3 Snout to eye = 512 12 Notch of flukes to anus = 587 13 " " " " penis (center) = 717 15 " " " " navel = 927(?) 16 " " " " post. root, dorsal = 507 17 " " " " " taken straight " pictured = 1400 18 Length pectoral (tip to head humerus) = 317 19 " " " " post wrist. = 226 21 Breadth pectoral = 87 22 Height of dorsal (vertical) = 31 35 Length anal & perineal = 16 38 " mammary slit (nucle) = 28 39 Dent between " " = 20 40 Length row of baleen = 480 41 " longest! " plate = 170

42 2 a.m. no.9 - Finback - J - May 20 - Aikawa This whale was drawn out upon the slip so that measurements are all correct. Color Body I did not have an opportunity to observe carefully the tip of the head. On the side a [illegible] gray band comes down backward from root of fin below; it is about 2 ft. long x 1 ft. wide. The second band which is dark gray (much darker than first) is the same size x runs down & back at same angle begins opposite end of fin laid back. On there the central area has bottoms of furrows pinkish & sides of throat has them dark. The same condition extends for whole length backward except on belly about opposite tips of fin laid back where all furrows are dark except very median ventral areas. Right side runs very light gray (almost white) especially toward the tip. Between the corner of mouth and right fin the grayish of the lower back runs down out to folds about 2 1/2 ft - at corner of mouth a very dark band runs backward not quite reaching fin insertion - on the throat between the corners of the mouth 16 furrows are pinkish & the rest are dark.

43 The inside of the right ramus is dark slate inside "" left "" light gray. Petiole Left fur tinged at tip - below white except grayish at base, along post. edge and at tip. White runs over on to superior surface along anterior edge - rest of above in slate. Flukes Below base posterior edge, anterior edges & tips dark gray - rest all white - post- erior edging is darker than anterior, above dark slate. Notch overlaps Y;25 Dorsal Dark slate - dorsal is high recurved & has a deep notch in post. edge at base. Balen Bristles of balen, almost all fringed with gray- ish - the only pure white ones being the very anterior plates - going backward the bristles became more strongly gray and especially so at tips (Fo measurements see opposite page)

44 21.6 measurements Fairbairn No.9 1 Total length = 1845 3 snout to eye = 400 6 " " post. nist. pectoral = 630 8 Eye to ear (center) = 84 12 notch of flukes to arms = 373 16 " " " " post. nist. dorsal = 425- 17 " " " " " " pectoral = 1240 18 Pectoral tip to head of humerus = 224 19 " " " " post. nistio's = 145 21 Greatest breadth pectoral = 53 22 Height dorsal (vertical) = 39 23 Flukes, tip to tips = 415 24 Greatest breadth flukes ant. post. = 108 25 Depth notch = 25 26 Length right lobe axially = 219 27 " left " " = 219 29 Depth peduncle at ant. nist. of fluke = 85- 30 " " midway between " " " and arms = 158 36 Arms to base of penis = 135- 37 " " umbilicus = 361 44 Number of throat furrows = 74

109 m. 45 No. 10 Finback ♀ May 20/10 Aikawa This whale contained a male foetus about 18 inches long; it is preserved in alcohol. Color Left ramus dark gray - right ramus light gray - outside left ramus light gray - inside right ramus dark grey. Pattern Below base distal 1/3 all grey except ant edge - middle 1/3 has anterior half white & post. half grey - the proximal third is the same Dorsal All slate. This fin is unlike any I have seen before it is long & narrow, not having the broad base of others - it a roughly finger shape spreading but comparatively little at the base. Blowhole Inside of anterior 1/3 are white; X middle 1/3 has grey tips - last 1/3 all grey. Two creases run out of corner of mouth - center of eye 25 cent. above corner of mouth. Measurements over page.

46 22-2 Measurements of Finback No.10 1 Total length = 1980 3 Eye to spout = 440 5 " " blowhole (center) = 377 8 " " Ear (ear not certainly located) = 68(?) 9 " above " = 13 10 " opening = 10 18 Pectoral tip & head of humerus = 243 19 " " " post. insertion = 160 21 " greatest breadth = 60 40 Length of baleen row (straight) = 435- 42 " " largest plate of baleen = 86

2 p.m. 47 no. 11 Finback ♂ May 22/10 Aikawa Color Left side of head darker than right - it is dark neutral tint - right side gray glate, the light color extending behind eye & front of eye half way to tip of snout - inside left ramus lighter grey for lower half - upper half slate-right ramus inside all slate. Left out- side is dark slate - right outside is very light. Pectorals Below - a grayish band eight inches wide runs along posterior edge-at tip all except a narrow anterior edging is grayish - rest of under part of fin is white- Above all slate-white not running over and upper sur- face along the anterior edge as is usual. Tips of both fins have been injured. Head On the left side 180 cent. from tip, and 35 cent. from edge of snout is a large scar evidently made by a harpoon. The scar is in the form of an irregular opening 28 cent. long which runs almost straight downward thru' the rostrum. The inside of the scar is covered with black skin. On the lower side it opens in the midst of the baleen, where the baleen has grown together

into three heavy bunches which are white & set loosely in the skin. On the inside of the flippers are many small scattered scars such as would be produced by the bursting of a harpoon bomb. I had an opportunity to examine carefully the head of this whale, as it was typical I will describe its shape in detail. A cross section of the head dir- extly in front of the blowholes would be this The median ridge, which is highest immediately in front of the blowholes runs forward, becoming lower less pronounced until it is lost entirely 10.5 cent. from the tip of the snout. Opposite to the anterior ends of the blowholes & 30 cent. from the median ridge, a low, broad, hump-like ridge begins which runs forward along the edges of the rostrum to the tip. Its summit is rounded. As the central ridge is lost 10.5 cent. from the end of the rostrum and as the two side ridges persist to the extreme tip,

therefore the distal portion of the rostrum is concave, at the begining For the entire length of the median ridge the spaces between it to the side ridges present to shallow concavities or troughs. Hairs. There were a few scattered hairs about blowholes, and along both edges of the rostrum, there were none on the very median line. On the mandibular symphysis the arran- gement of the hairs is the same as in the Oldsba Finbacker vis. Two irregular lines on either side of the low median ridge, & two other shorter & more irregular lines outside of these. Other hairs are scattered about in no definite arrangement. Rostrum I measured the rostrum by sections before the blubber had been stripped from the edges. 8 6 cent. from tip rostrum is 8 0 cent. wide, 1 2 5' '' '' '' '' 9 5' '' '' 1 7 5'' '' '' '' '' 1 0 6 '' '' 2 8 5'' '' '' '' '' 1 4 5'' '' 3 3 0'' '' '' '' '' 2 0 5'' '' this is across the eyes. Three folds run out of corner of mouth and four furrows --

50 Pairs I could not be certain but I believe there were 16 pairs of ribs. 20.0 One funnus is 45 cent. long, next is 60 cent. next 75 cent next 90 cent. Eye The posterior corner of the eye is directly above the inside corner of the mouth. The pupil of eye is 3 cent. in front of corner of mouth of 16 cent. above it. Balren All bristles are gray save the anterior ones which for a distance of 60 cent. are white toward back bristles are very dark gray, almost brown. Measurements 1 Total length = 18'05" 3 Snout to Eye = 3.61 5 " " blowhole (center) = 3/0 6 " " post. inst. of pectoral = 62'51 8 Eye to EAR (center) = 9.0 10 " opening = 9 11 Ear " = 3 19 Pectoral tip to post. wrist. = 15.0 20 " " " vari. " = 19'51 21 " greatest breadth = .82 24 Greatest breadth flukes out-post = 103 26 Length right lobe (axially) = 206 31 " " blowhole straight = 43 32 " left " " = 4.4 33 Distance apart & anteriorly = 3 34 " " " posteriorly = 20 40 Length balren row (straight) = 3'45"

4.30 P.M. 51 No 12 Finback J May 22/10 Aikawa Color Left side top of head is dark slate or neutral - Right side has lighter semi- circular area running upward and forward from fin as far as blowhole and forwands along outer half of rostrum not reaching tip. On the top of the head are irregular light patches looking as tho the epidermis had been rubbed off. Back and extremities sides are slate - on left side a light band at runs to eye. The under edge of the snout is flesh pink for same distance as white portion of baleen. Left rams very dark slate (almost black) & [illegible] 1/4 feds below the corner of mouth this color extends. This dark color is narrower near distal end of ramus & widens as it goes backward. Right ramus very light gray (almost white) shading into the white of the central throat; a very dark patch or band runs backward out of corner of mouth - The gray of the sides comes down very far on the peduncle leaving only a narrow mid ventral strip white. The peduncle & lower sides are a beautiful blacula gray - In stead of two narrow bands of gray running down

out the folds from the root of the fin + from the tip of fin laid back, the gray is in two very wide bands, + are almost solid. They are broken by a narrow band of whitish from tip of fin laid back to a broad white streak from the root of the fin. In other words the gray bands are on this whole so broad that they cover all but the two streaks of white mentioned above. 12 folds under the left fin are dark. 21 dark furrows under right fin. 14 folds under eye left side are dark shading off into white. 10 furrows between fins are flesh colored - rest are dark, Pictorial: Right below white except for gray posterior border, tip - gray covers del of tip except very anterior edge. On the upper surface the white froms below runs along up over anterior edge, notch flukes not cuffed

53 21.7 Measurements of No. 12 1 Total length = 1860 3 Snout to eye = 392 10 Eye opening = 10 12 notch of flukes to anus = 35-0 16 " " " " " post, ant. dowl. = 445- 18 Pectoral (tip to head of hummeres) = 233 19 " " " " post. mist. 20 " " " " ant. " " 21 " greatest breadth = 57 22 Height dorsal (vertical) = 37 23 Flukes tip to tip = 4361 24 Greatest breadth flukes (ant. post.) = 108 25 Depth notch of flukes = 20 26 Length left lobe = 230 240 Length row of baleen = 385- 41 " longest plate baleen = 90 + " white plates " = 170

54 8 P.M. no. 13 Finback 7 May 22/0 - Arkana Color A dark whale - much darker than no. 12 left rammers, and 1 1/2 inches of the folds below it for whole length from tip to a little behind corner of mouth are very dark slate (almost black). The dark area is narrow at distal end of rammus, widening proximally. Fifteen folds under left fin are dark - Thirty-four furrows under left eye are dark & 15 folds are dark - the rest are white. The slate under the fin is in the shape of two broad bands (almost solid) separated by by two whitish lines, from base of fin to tip of fin and back, which run obliquely downwards & backwards Flukes . The dark edging below is fairly heavy. Pectorals The white of the lower surface runs up over the edge (ant.) above for the distal 2/3 of the fin. slate. The peduncle is thickly scarred.

55 20.9 Measurements of No. 13 1 Total Length = 1860 3 Snout to eye = 390 " 12 Notch to anus = 57.5- 13 " " penis (base) = 643 15 " " navel = 86.8 16 " " post. vert, of pectoral = 45.0 dorsal 17 " " " " " pectoral = 127.5 supercis 19 Pectoral tip to post. of anus = 165- 20 " " " anterior vert. = 230 21 " " greatest breadth = 5.3 22 Height dorsal-vertical = 451 23 Flukes tip, to tip = 410 24 Breadth flukes (ant.-post) = 100 25 Depth notch = 70 26 Length right lobe axially = 170 (220) 29 Depth peduncle at ant. vert. fluke = 85. 36 Anus to penis = 128 37 " " " navel > 35-3 44 Number of throat furrows = 76

Contained fetus & no.14a 2.30 P.M. no.14 Blue Whale F May 24/10 Akawa Color A very light whale. The back from tip of fin down back is gray with scattered light markings, to about nearly root of fin. Rest of the back (posteriorly) is thickly marked with light gray, on the peduncle being almost solid. The sides of the ped- uncles are not only thickly covered with very light gray markings, but also many rather small white scars. This gives the peduncle the same "crippled" appearance which I observed in the Blue Whale at Orkney. Under the fin is a large white patch and a line of scattered white markings run obliquely downward & backward from it. Also on the pike folds directly opposite naval are many white markings. Rumid light bluish slate, throat folds under it are darker slate. On the throat folds there are no white markings but a few ashy ones in breast. Pectoral (Photographed) Above has proximal 1/3 all slate gray & distal 2/3 has out. edge white, this band becoming

57 broader toward tip. Tip is injured. Below all white white slate gray Dorsal Has anterior sides lightly covered by the rather faint grayish lines running down to back from ant erior edge. Tip's dark gray & has been injured as also has post edge. Flukes Flukes have central portion white thinly lined with rather coarse gray lines- the anterior edges heavily lined & the posterior edges almost solid as is its tip. The under side is different from the majority of Blue Whales, viz; the white is more distinct & the curving lines are broader & not so close together. I have seen only one or two others like this specimen. Measurements on page

58 1 Total length = 2380 3 Liner to eye (above & below connect) (taken in 2 sections) = 470 12 notch to anus. = 720 16 " " part. mist of dorsal = 560 17 " " " " pectoral = 1490 18 Pectoral at head of humerus = 360 19 " " post. insertions = 245- 20 " " ant. " = 370 21 " " greater breadth = 88 22 Height dorsal (vertical) = 19 24 Greater breadth flukes (ant, post.) = 125-

59 No 14a Fetus Blue whale ♀ may 24/10 Aikawa mother is no. 14 millimeters 1 Length arm back = 1660 2 Cir. of body off. tip of fln laid back = 880 3 snout to eye = 330 5 " " Blowhole center = 260 6 " " post. inst. pectoral = 620 7 " " " " dorsal = 1270 8 Eye to ear (center) = 130 9 " above ear = 8 10 Opening of eye = 15 12 notch of flukes & arms = 560 14 " " " " mammary slit = 600 15- " " " " navel = 820 16 " " " " post inst. dorsal = 470 17 " " " " " pectoral = 1120 18 Pectoral tip & head humerus = 300 19 " " " post. inst = 220 20 " " " ante " = 260 21 " greatest breadth = 70 22 Height of dorsal ventricl = 82 23 Flukes tip & tip = 430 24 " greatest breadth ant-post = 170 25- " depth notch = 30 26 Length right lobe (axially) = 255- 27 " left " " = 248 29 Depth peduncle at tail root flukes = 125- 30 " " " between " " and arms = 190 31 Length right blowhole straight = 45-

60 32 Length left blan whole straight = 40. 33 Dist.of ant " anteriorly = 4 34 " " " posteriorly = 35- 38 Length of mammary slit = 20 39 Dist. between " " s = 23 44 Number of throat furrows = 65 The rudimentary teeth in this specimen were well developed.

10 P. M. No. 15 Color Finback ♀ jiw. May 25/10 Aikawa Back slate -- the slate reaches onto the side of cent. from the mid-dorsal line, opposite the tip of the fin laid back. Left ramus bluish-white at distal end shading into very light gray proximally -- Right ramus very dark slate. The ridest peduncle light isablella gray -- Out. edge white for whole length albar; rest blue-gray -- Below postearian edge has edging one inch wide of grayish and distal 1/4 of fin is grayish -- all rest white below. Flukes Flukes white below, except tips, posterin's edge nearly to notch, and antern's edge dark slate. The slation anteris' edge is narrow near insertion of flukes & toward tips becomes broader. The posterin's dark edging is about 8 inches wide. The belly is not lapped. Bristles Bristles are all yellowish white, except the proximal 1/6 which are grayish for whole length of plates. There are 90 white plates in its white portion in the right side -- the white portion shades gradually into its dark-edged plates, [14 prof ribs sure]

62 17.6 Measurements of No 15 1 Total length = 17.35- 3 Sternal strip = 2.02 5 " " Blowhole (center) = 1.70 6 " " post. midt. of pectoral = 3.50 8 Eye to Ear center = .50 9 " above" = .8 10 " opening" = 7 11 Ear " = 4 14 notch of flukes to mammaryship = 4.04 16 " " " " post. midt. pectoral [illegible] = 3.30 17 " " " " pectoral = 8.05 18 Pectoral tip to head humerles = 1.50 19 " " " post. midt. = 1.00 20 " " and " = 1.30 21 " greatest breadth = 36 22 Height dorsal = 20 23 Flukes tip to tip = 2.45 27 Length left lobe axially = 1.37 28 Greatest thickness flukes at midt. = 2.3 29 Depth peduncle at " " = 7.5- 30 " " between " & arms - 1.37 40 Length row of baleen = 1.90 41 " largest " plates = 3.5- 42 number of plates of baleen [illegible] = 3.06 43 Lower jaw extends bynd upper > 1.6 44 Length white portions of baleen = 4.0

4.45-9. m. 63 No16 Finback J May 28/0 Aikawa This whale was not drawn entirely out of the water upon the slip, so it was necessary to take the length in two sections - it is undoubtedly correct. Was taken along back animal, Rather a dark whale. Back is Color slate shading into gray on its sides & lower sides - slate covers back nearly down to root of finz - forawnt 1/6 inch Left ramus & upper nd of throat, bellow ramus very dark slate (almost black) & There are 11 dark folds under left eye - and 32 dark furrows - that's all the furrows on the left side of throat from its very median line are dark. There are 14 pink furrows in throat between eyes, there being therefore entirely on the right side. The two gray bands under its fin are very broad being broken only by the two light bands from the front of the fin to the tip, laid back - these light bands are very narrow. Right ramus is very light gray, it is lighter at tip (here almost white) and gets darker gradually toward the proximal part. The inside of the right ramus is dark slate inside Left ramus is light gray -

64 Pectorals Above slate - distal 1/3 has anti edge whiteish tipped figured - Below white, hav- ning tip posterior edge + anterior edges grayish. Above slate Bristles Dirty or yellow with white except tips which are gray. The posterior plates for about 18 inches have bristles all brownish-gray. Baleen begins 16 cent from tip of mouth. The white portion of the baleen on the right side is 70 cent. in length. But plates which have their lower halves white & upper dark (outer edges) extend for 70 cent. further. Thus the white portion fades gradually off into the dark. Mucous membrane in roof of mouth is purplish white - rather flesh color blotched with purple. Hairs The hairs on the mandibular sym- physis were 2 1/2- inch long and embedded for half their length. They were '' very loosely & could be pulled out with little difficulty, were dirty white. Ribs 14 pairs of ribs (pure) Skull Length straight below = 4 1/5 cent. Jaw '' '' jaw = 405 - '' '' curved '' = 479 ''

18.4 15.9 blendre 65 Measurements No. 16 1 Total length = 19/0 3 Snout to eye = 352 6 " " Flukehole = 805, 8 Eye to Ear (centre) = 86 9 " above " = 7 10 " opening = 9 11 Ear " = 3 12 Notch flukes to anus = 535- 13 " " " penis = 4650 15 " " " navel = 8818 16 " " " post. mist. dorsal: 430 17 " " " " pectoral = 1240 18 Pectoral tip to head humpless = 205- 19 " " " post inserted = 125- 20 " " " ant. " = 170 21 " greatest breadth = 30 24 Flukes " " ant-post = 90 36 Arms to penis = 130 37 " " navel = 823 40 Length baleen row = 340 41 " length baleen plate = 92 44 Number throat fermes = 64 1 Length white posterior of balan = 70

66 9 P.M. no17 Finback J May 29/10 Aikawa This whale was measured by the writers and as the head was well under water I can be by no means sure that the length as taken was correct. Color A dark individual. Left side top of head slate. Right side toward and at the side of blowhole I could distinguish lighter color but the remainder of the right side seemed to be the same as the left side top of head. Right rammers white at tip shading backward into very light French gray - many white "scars" or bruises. Between The very dark band running out of corner of the mouth right side reaches half way to the fin insertion. Between the corner of the mouth and the fin, right side, an irregular patch of gray runs downward which covers 13 folds. The grayish covers the entire space & forms a rough semi-circle between these two points. At the root of the fin a rather small + indistinct grayish band goes down to back obliquely - there is then a whitish space of about half the length of

67 the fin laid back, a gray band 4 ft. long & 18 inches wide runs down & back. This band is well marked & square at the distal end. Next to comes a white space & then I opposite the tip of the fin laid back, a third short band begins which merges into the gray of the sides. From the end of the folds on the sides, to the generated the line of light gray is almost straight; it then begins to slant down regularly to the flukes, where it is reaching within two or three inches of the mid-ventral line at the flukes insertion. The gray goes into the white of the sides rather abruptly; many white scars on the peduncle. 1 Total length (measured by whalers along side) = 60 ft. /6 notch of flukes to post. wrist of dorsal = 440 /8 Pectoral tip to head of humerus = 200 21 ' greatest breadth = 55 29 Depth peduncle at ant. inst. of flukes = 80 (tip of pectoral body injured)

68 9 P. M. no. 19 Sei whale 5 June 8/10 Aikawa This whale was drawn entirely out upon the slip and I took the measurements with the greatest care. I did not get an opportunity to examine carefully the back or tip of head - observation showed it to be dark slate. The left lip & rames of mandible has the upper half dark gray and the lower half very light gray becoming almost white at tip. Inside of right rames & lip is dark slate. The throat and heart are white to a point about opposite the middle of the fin &ad back, Here a band about 125 cent. in width with ir- regular margins, which extends rock to a point a little behind the travel from the sides entirely across belly. This band is gray considerably darker than the colored sides of the peduncle. On the left side of the body - the dark gray from the upper half of the lower lip extends backwards becoming wider & wider until [illegible] between corner of mouth & outer insertion of pectoral it spreads outward & downward in a large clear blotch which extends Directly under the left fin this dark area Color A dark whale The inner edges of the snout on either side for a distance of 30 cent. are pink. This light area corresponds in extent with the white portion of the ventral surface of each side.

covers 14 folds: (it is considerably darker than) the sides of the body. From a point about opposite the navel the dark slate of the back shades off gradually into gray on the lower sides which covers the entire ventral line from the arms to the flukes. ventral portion from a little behind navel to the arms has there is a nar- row area of light pink. The sides of the body are covered with small elong spots (having rounded corners) which seem the compound of fine wavy lines radiating outward from a common center. as in this sketch: (I have noticed many sinigris markings on the Finbacks & Blue whales here, and on the Finbacks of Alaska & Vancouver Id. whether or not they are caused by a parasitic barrest yet determined.) There were also a great number of white scars on the sides of the body which were un- doubtedly produced by a parasite of some sort, as I found fresh pits, some partly healed, of others entirely so. In the fresh pits were granular membranes evidently left by the parasite when it was detached from its host. On the Finbacks & Blue whales the same pits and scars were found.

I did not have an opportunity to examine the right side of this whole carefully, but from hurried observations I believe that the right ramsus was mostly light gray and that a sectional dark gray cloth similar to the one on the left side, was present under the fin. There was also a distinctly lighter area near the left eye, but how far it extended I could not tell as the blubber was removed before I had a chance to describe it. (See No 4) Flukes The central part of both lobes of the flukes (below) is light gray about take the sides of the peduncle. The distal half of each lobe as well as a wide polarior & anterior edges is dark gray. Above the flukes are dark gray like the back. Pectorals The upper surface of the fin is blue- slate which lightens somewhat along the anterior edge from the middle of the fin forward. Below, the anterior half of fin for the whole length is light blue gray which shades off very gradually into darker gray of the posterior half. The color of the lower surface seems to be produced by extremely fine lines which

Eye Situated on a slight swelling - above it is one long conver furrow 18 cent. in length - & this furrow is 6 cent. above antin commissure of eye - between it & eye are two short lines ar creas below eye a crease 24 long curves - it is 5 cent below and, commissure - 2 furrows 6 cent. long run out of and. corner of eye run from the tip down the posterin border curving obliquely off toward the anterio edge; near the base of the fin the lines run in a curve across fin from post. to and. edge. These lines are so extremely fine that it looks like solid color and can only be detected upon close examination. The lower half of the anterio edge is light gray. The upper half " " is darker gray, the line of division being well marked. triangular The fin is narrowly lanceolate in shape. The anterio edge is (almost straight) very slightly convex, 2. The post- erior edge swells gradually outward from the tip & until about middle of fin is reached, when it turns very gradually inward to the posterin angle which is not sharply marked. The fin is widest almost at the middle of its length and it is here that the anterio edge is thickest. From that joint the aut. edge tapers gradually toward tip until it becomes thin. The posterio edge is thin but fairly rigid until the point of greatest breadth is reached, when from there to the axilla the posterio edge is loose skin

Dorsal 4 blubber. (Both sides photographed) The dorsal fin is large x high [illegible] is deeply concave and deeply falcate. The tip over hangs so greatly that it will not stand erect, bending to either side. The color is dark slate like the back. (Photographed) Baleen It was impossible to get a very good view of the baleen of this whale while it was intact as the light was poor. However all the bristles of the anterior half of the rows seemed to be all white. The [illegible] of the proximal half were all grayish and the very proximal portion (about 1/6 of the distal row) show bristles all grayish. I counted carefully the plates on the left side from the very antemosts two inches high to the posterior ones. There were but 290 on this side. The anterior plates of baleen for 16 cent, see on each side were yellow with white. As I examined carefully all the baleen plates which were spread out to dry in the sun upon the slip. The color of the baleen is very hard to describe as it changes as much

with the angle of light. when examined in sunlight all the dark portions of the plates possessed a marked irides- ence. At one angle the color of the plate was a beautiful blue; at another angle the color was light green. When examined out of the sun the color was a deep blue-black which however changed to a lighter shade when held at different angles. Along the inner basal edge, the majority of the plates have longitudinal bands of yellowish white, which shades into gray and finally runs imperceptibly into the blue black of the main plate. The width of the white & gray bands varies greatly; some plates had a white band 3 1/2 to 4 mil wide shading into a gray band of similar breadth. These were the most anterior ones of the row. Others had only a narrow edging of gray. My study of the taeen of No. 4 showed that these white basal stripes is widest at the anterior portion of the taeen row becoming less & less toward the back until it is lost entirely in the posterior 1/3 of the row. Three hundred & eleven plates were spread upon the slip to dry. Out of

menorales this number 230 had white or gray along its edge. Eighty-one plates only showed no lighter color. Of course these plates were only those which were of commercial value. All the plates are transversely rugose, in proportion to the size of the plate, the ridges being fully as prominent as those of the Finbacks or Blue Whale. As in the two later, the ridges are most prominent in the basal portion of the plate (The wrestles of all these plates were yellowish white except at buths of the plates where the coarse wrestles became grayish or brownish.) Osteology Scapula. The right scapula of this whale was saved, cleaned, measured & photographed. 1 Height (vertical) = 5-75 mil. 2 Greatest breadth = 960 " 3 Length acromion (median) = ##" 260 4 " corocoid " =260" 110 5 Ant. post. length glenoid fora = 200 mil. aeromum 6 Width corocoid = 90 mil. 7 " " corocoid aeromum distally = 40 mil. The scapula is widely fan-shaped. The super-scapular edge is remarkably flat, dipping at a sharp angle to meet and adjoining but a regular the posterior edge which is straight after

75 it rises above the neck of the scapula. The [illegible] irregularly convex; it meet the surface of [illegible] border meets it in a regular curve curve to meet the coracoid border. The edge is very thin. The posterior edge of the scapula- is straight after it leaves the neck of the scapula; the coracoid edge is irregularly convex. The acromion is long, slightly curved, and directed outward and somewhat up- cward. It is about the same breadth throughout. The [illegible] is directed inward coracoid and downward. It narrows gradually and is 40 mill. broad at its distal end. The prescapular fossa is not well defined. Mamms The formula of the phalanges is II III IV V (taking as the 2nd digit) 4 7 5 3 the external one of the end of the radius which would cor- respond with the index finger) mill Length of 2nd digit including metacarpally: 480 " " 3rd " " " = 710 " " 4th " " " = 600 " " 5th " " " = 340 (over)

76 Last phalanx of 2nd digit is 25 mil. long.

77 Portunus The rostrum for the proximal 2/3 of its length are almost straight. They then turn rather abruptly inward meeting at an acute angle. Measurements no.19 1 6 mm range Total length =135-0 3 Front to eye =270 5 " " blowhole =225- 6 " " post. insert pectoral =490 8 Eye to ear =73 9 " above " =9 10 " opening =7.5 11 Ear " = .5 12 Flukes to ances - 865 13 " " penis =430 15 " " navel 16 " " post. root of dorsal =410 17 " " " pectoral =920 18 Pectoral tip to head humerus =180 19 " " " post. insert. =117 20 " " " ant. " =146 21 " greatest breadth > 38 22 Dorsal, vertical height >=451 23 Flukes tip & tip =330 24 " ant.post meseth >=98 25 " depth notch : 20 26 " length right lobe axially =178 27 " ' left " " =1851 28 Thickness flukes at insertion = 22 (over)

78 29 dept femurle ant, right plebes = 70 31 length right blade side (st.) ~ 36 32 " left " " = 36 33 dist. apart " ant. = 4 34 " " " post. = 23 39 length baleen row = 263 41 " longest plate = 75 42 number plates baleen (left side) = 290 44 " throat folds = 50

8:30 P.M. 79 no.20 Frilback ♀ June 9/10 Aikawa This whale, the largest Frilback I have so far seen, contained a foetus (♀) about 3 ft. long. This animal presented peculiarities of coloring such as I have never seen in a Frilback before. They were so striking that Mr. Matsurawaka, the cutting manager, asked me if I did not think it a cross of Frilback & Sei whale. I do not believe that such could have been the case, as the color peculiarities were simply exaggerations of the normal Frilback type. The baleen, fins, flukes, etc. were all typically Frilback. Color I did not have an opportunity to examine carefully its head. The back was neutral tint shading off into light gray on its sides. The tip and right edge of the rostrum were above marbled with white, dark slate and brownish gray for a distance of 130 cent. Below On the under side it was white & light pink. This area became same extent as the white portion of the baleen now: There is a semicircular area just infrant of left fin which was distinctly lighter in color than back. A similar one appeared to be on the right side but this was shifted before I could examine it carefully.

The sides of the pelvis are light gray which from the anus back leave only a very narrow white ventral strip; this is lost entirely about 2 ft. in front of the flukes insertion, the gray covering the ventral line here. Just behind the anus two narrow points extend obliquely forward from the gray of the lower sides, but do not meet in the mid-ventral line. On the left side all of the furrows from the mid- ventral line are dark. On either side of the belly opposite the tips of the fins laid back, two gray bands extend downward & backward obliquely meeting on the mid ventral line to form a V, the apex being about four feet in front of the anus. The right arm of the V is solid color - the left arm is broken. A narrow, broken band of grayish extends from the apex of the V back to the navel. Opposite the middle of the fins laid back on the left side at a grayish blotch - on the right side instead of a blotch it has the form of a narrow band which unites with the right arm of the V a short dist- ance from the apex. Opposite the navel two more bands

beneath side reaching come down not quite meeting the neutral line. (If it was the foregoing jeerianites of coloring which suggested the Sei whale to Mr. Matsumaka) Flukes Have a wide anti. & posterior border of very dark gray(below) & the tips far one forth of red di lobe are dark gray. The posterior border is much wider than the anterior - above all slate gray Pectorals Above, for all slate gray, the anti. edge is white & this shows on its sup- erior surface of the fin as a narrow band for whole length of ant. edge. Below white, with much gray along posterior edge of distal half; two narrow parallel gray lines run down up toward to center of fin. There is also a grayerish blotch at posterior mid point which extends across fin half way to anterior edge. Tips not injured. Measurements 1 Total length (measured in feet by whalers) = 66 ft 3 Snout to eye = 414 8 Eye to ear = 94 9 " above " = 7 10 " opening = 10 11 Ear " = 51 19 Fin tip to anal dimmerus = 247 19 " " " post mist. 20 " " " ant. " = 215

82 21 Breadth perianal = .07 23 Flexures tip to tip (estimated from length of lobes) = 4.40 26 Length right lobe tip to notch along post. border = 2.25- 27 " left " apically = 2.35- 40 " row of stamen = 4.06 41 " longest plate = .90 Length white part of stamen (right side) = 1.05- 128 white plates in white perian.

no.21 Humpback June 9 Sjun. Aikawa Color Top of head back & sides black - Below, the throat, breast, & belly has a good deal of white which is mostly in small flecks & dashes - many of the folds are edged with white - The white spot is characteristic of the Van. & Alaska Humpbacks was large- between the fins on mid ventral line was well marked. Another small patch of pink on mid-ventral line directly below corner of mouth. The eyelids are flocked with white & much white in flecks about eye corner of mouth. "Puffer & salt" about genitalia & [illegible] back to "hump" or lower edge of peduncle, a little white about ward. There were few of the circular & semi-circular markings or scars. A few small white flecks & dots on the upper sides of the peduncle. Fleches Black above & below with only a very few white flecks along to near tips. Fins. Below white except for an irregular blotch at base, an edging 1 cent. wide along post. edge & a few spots at tip. Black above with a very few white markings [illegible] at tip. The fins were colored exactly like typical ones at Van. & Alaska. Eight bunchles on ant. edge - 1st is prominent, next two low & rounded,

84 4th prominent, next 2 low & last two near tip fairly prominent - The 1st - 4 th - & last two bear barnacles. Flukes (cent) The post. edge of the flukes is scalloped as in Alarba & Van S peeniers. Many barnacles on tips External Characters The upper edge of the peduncle between dorsal & flukes is eremulated - there are seven "zealops" - low. There are 10 tubercles along right ramus. Many barnacles on "chin" & fore-throat. The tubercles on tip of castrum seemed to be arranged like those of Van Trump rocks - I did not count them. Stomach contained Enphasea Dorsal Has a little white along ant. edge & tip. It is low & has typical stemfork shape. (Photographed) Baleen Bristles dirty white - a grayish-brown band along whole length of baleen row at extreme base, except the very anterior portion. Tips of post. 1/2 down all grayish & proximal portion has bristles all gray. Ureoles rudder pink This whale had a very short head, the under jaw projecting far beyond truffer.

85 Measurements Humpback No 21 1 Total length = 8.80 3 Snout to eye = 217 5 ,, ,, Mawhble 6 ,, ,, post. most. fin = 15.5- = 310 10 Eye opening = 7 12 Netch flehest anus = 220 15 ,, ,, ,, navle = 390 16 ,, ,, ,, post. nust. dorsal = 290 17 ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, pectoral = 610 18 Pectoral tip to head humerus = 279 19 ,, ,, ,, ,, post. must. = 222 20 ,, ,, ,, ,, ant. ,, = 258 21 ,, ,, greatest health = 69 22 Dorsal vertebral height = 15- 23 Flukes tip to tip = 310 24 ,, ,, ant. post. kealeb = 94 29 Depth belowde at flukes must. = 58 40 Baleen rows length = 207 41 ,, longest = 5-0 43 Lower jaw beyand upper = 40 44 Number shreast xreds = 28

86 7.30 P.M. No. 22 Finback 5 June 10/10 Aikawa A light whale. On the right side of tip of head a light area which has its genesis a little anterior to the fin runs up as far as opposite blowholes, a little the other side of the median ridge of the rostrum shades gradually off into the slightly darker left side. It is lightest near the blowholes along the edge of the rostrum. The slate color of the extreme dorsal ridge is nar- now shades off gradually into the grey of the sides. The sides of the body from the fin back as far as the ends of the furrows, is darker gray than that of the sides of the peduncle but shades into it very gradually. From the dorsal fin back to the flukes the slate of the mid-dorsal region extends only about 18 inches onto- dow from the median line shading off them gradually into the light gray of the lower sides. The line of the light grey runs parallel with the axis of the body until at reaching peris when it slants obliquely down and back until it just reaches mid-ventral line at the flukes, but no where excludes the white of the mid-

under the tongue there is a great amount of transparent mucous - probably saliva. 87 central region. There are a great number white d of scars on the peduncle some of them oblong and some irregular + branching white lines about 1/2 inch wide. The gray, oblique band opposite the tip of the fin laid back is short + not heavy on the left side - on either side. There is only a suggestion of lighter the oblique grey band which usually runs down from the root of the fin. On the right side under the fin, 13 furrows are dark & the remaining ones pink (light) Under the corner of the mouth on the right side 18 folds are gray - the dark band running out of the corner of the mouth is short. The right ramus & lip are very light gray proximally - white shading into white distally, (excepte the extreme edges of the lip which is gray.) The very light gray of the proximal half of ramuss shades very gradually into darker grey at the fannier extremi. The right lip & ramus is dark gray inside. The left ramus & lip are dark gray, the dark shading off gradually into lighter of the throat. Under the left corner of the mouth 14 folds are dark gray - The points of gray running forward & acco over obseve.

88 Fur Below white - the distal 1/3 marbled with gray - the anterior edge white throughout post, margin gray - gray sketch at root. Above all slate. Measurements No. 22 1 Total length (taken by cutters) = 1830 3 Summit to eye = 393 5 " " Shoulder = 340 8 Eye to Ear = 93 10 " opening = 13 11 Ear " = 3 12 Notch of flukes to anus = 525 16 " " " " post. rict. dorsal = 440 18 Pectoral tip to heel humerus = 285- 19 " " " post. rect. = 150 20 " " " ant. " = 208 21 " breadth = 52 22 Height dorsal vertebral (sigmoid) = 20 23 Flukes tip to tip = 870 39 Length baleen rows = 380 42 Lower jaw beyond after = 20 white portion of baleen length = 110

4. 20 p. m. 89 No.23 Finback ♀ June 11/10 Aikawa a grayish band (fairly strongly marked) about 3 inches wide, curves upward then downward from ear to eye; about ear this grayish area its under (blubber) cut just back of ear) (Ear is a narrow slit semi-long - longer than usual). Out of the post. corner of its ear a whitish band 1/2 inch wide runs backward. Left flumes very dark gray. The general color of whole is very light. The two narrow gray points which ex- tend forward to anes below are strongly marked. Fin. Below has distal half all gray - 2 darker gray bands marking the course of the 3rd & of its digits come from tip a little more than [illegible] way to base of middle of fin. The posterior gray margins extends in a sweep across base almost to anterior edge - anterior edge is delicate flesh pink above all blue gray. The tip of the left fin has been "chewed". cl7 shows teeth marks very distinctly. cl7 looks as tho a Killer had caught hold of its tip & the whale had pulled it out of his mouth, "shredding" the whole tip. She could not have been done by sharks. Balena Breets of whole become row (except white parts) have gray tips, this becoming of greater extent

90 posteriorly until the last 1/2 of the row is all gray. (Therefore my theory that the younger whales have whiter blisters is exploded) "Blisters" On the peduncle and side of this whale were many "blisters". The epidermis was raised like a "water blister" when pulling the epidermis off these places I found a narrow valley below extending thru the dermis to the bladder beneath. The edges of the dermis about this 1/2 valley were "rotten" & could be easily scraped. There were several of these spots in process of healing which showed the light every lines, also I found no parasites on this whale & am sure they must have been caused by them. Whether or not they were the same parasites which I found on the young Finback I can not say. There was also a kind of small round blisters to the dermis beneath was similar to that in the large scars. Ribs There were 14 pairs of ribs - the last pair did not seem to be "floating" as the tubercle had apparently been attached. I studied both sides when the ribs were cut apart.

91 Flukes below have wide and post margin of dark gray & the rest is shell pink- white along slate. Measurements No 23 1 Total length = 1465- 3 Snout to eye = 274 5 " " blowhole = 2651 6 " " post nist fin = 4751 8 Eye to ear = 65 9 " above = 7 10 " opening = 8 11 Ear " = 8 12 Flukes & anus = 420 15 " " navel = 710 16 " " posterior dorsal = 400 17 " " " pectoral = 990 18 Fin tip to humerus = 189 19 " " post. mist. = 120 20 " " " ant. " = 159 21 " " breast = 451 160 Length baleen row = 2751 41 Largest plate = 55- 43 Lower jaw beyond upper = 20 44 Number dural finmms = 50 Length white part of baleen = 65-

no 24/ Sei whale 7 June//10 Aikawa The right side of the nostrum [top] of head, blue gray, darker than the dorsal fin. The peduncle a good deal. Back also dark blue gray. A very light whale The general effect of color given by this whale is much like a Blue Whale - very light color but more bluish on the whole I believe, Sides of fluke lower lip & rammus all light blue gray, the edge of its lip being a triple darker. (I did not see the left ramus) The central portion of throat/breast white, the furrows being pinkish. Under the corner of the mouth on its right side there are 14 furrows which are dark gray or slate. An irregular belt of gray but the folds from the corner with mytten appendages of mouth under fin + to a point nearly opposite the top of fin land back, where it broadens and abruptly into a white band which runs across belly joining the gray of the folds on the other side. This "belly band" is dark blue gray + darker in its folds than the sides immediately behind above it. From the navel to across the central line is bluish white. The sides of the peduncle are beautiful light blue-gray, becoming lighter

toward the ventral line, between the anel of arms this runs into bluish white, but behind the arms the central line is blue gray, and does not be - come white. The sides of the peduncle are beautifully marked with light lines which radiate from a central center, like this, the central axis being directed at various angles to the lines running into joining each other. It is a very difficult pattern to describe. There are also many oblong white scars which seem to have been caused by a parasite. Else we one "pit" which contained a granular membrane like that in similar pits an Blue Trawler whale. Below same color as sides of peduncle except for an ant, T post, & tip margin of dark gray. The flukes are lined in same manner as those of the blue whales, the lines running across in a curve inward from ant, almost to post edge - above slate. Each lobe of the fluke is nearly triangular. The posterior edges is straight except for a very shallow concavity at tip. The anterior margin is straight with just shade

94 near where the insertions. The anterior edge joins the peduncle abruptly, and does not present that gradual slope so characteristic of the humpback. The axis of the lobe makes an angle of about 40 degrees with the axis of the peduncle - it is nearly a rightangle. Pectorals Below anterior half for whole length very light blue - posterior half gray. The fine "finning" is very distinct and this whale: the lines come down from tip along post. edge still in several rows' s fin. near base the lines curve from post. to ant. edge the convexity of the curve being up. above all gray. Baleen Bristles white - the posterior half has the tips grayish and the extreme proximal part matting gray. The plates have the same whilet gray stripes along inner dorsal edge as the same whidnesse that I spoke of before. Ribs 14 pzs (sure) Navel Navel is about 1/8 inches behind the end of the longest furrow and its not at the end of the furrows as in Blue Finback whales. Back Edges of mouth below pink for 30 cents each side. Both lower lips inside have upper halves dark gray & lower halves gray peppered with dark gray.

95 Measurements Sei whale #24 1 Total length = 1450 2 snout to eye = 275 3 " " blowhole = 225 6 " " post. inst. pectoral = 505- 8 Eye to ear = 77 9 " abne" = 9 10 " opening = 8 11 Ear " = 1.51 12 notch flukes to anus = 365 15 " " " " navel = 630 16 " " " post. inst. dorsal = 430 17 " " " " pectoral = 950 18 Pectoral tip to head humerus = 200 19 " " " post. inst. = 130 20 " " " ant. " = 164 21 " breadth = 40 22 Dorsal height = 53 23 Flukes tip to tip = 840 24 " breadth = 97 26 " right lobe axially = 190 27 Arms to manus = 265- 160 Length balen row = 280 41 Largest plate = 70 43 Lower jaw very narrow = 17 44 Number dorsal fenners = 32.

6.15 9 M. No 23- -Humpback ♂ June 17/10 Aikawa This whale was very "thick" & stout. The flubber was very fat thick. Head, sides & back, black - the sides & back marked with a very few small white flecks. Right lower lip thickly marked with circles & semi- circles of white - The throat breast & belly to the ends of folds, white, thickly & marked with black in flecks & lashes which are usually directed obliquely down back. On the right side of the throat just under running the black & white is about equal in quantity. A black band, thickly lashed with white series obliquely backward from right fin meeting with the mid-ventral line a similar band from left side, thus forming a rough V. The apex of the V is offsite a point about 1/3 the length of the fin where back back. A few white spots & streaks between fin & eye. Just forward of penis shaft, is a wedgeshaped circular band of white, & from this forward to travel a narrow black ventral line, about the "hump" on the ventral line is much white & many circles. The left runners & lips are black marked with only a few circles of white.

The tip of the snout is white below on both sides - The tongue is blue slate - The mucous membrane in the mouth is white tinged with purpleish Flabellae Below white with a narrow red,- port. band of black along the ridge of the peduncle almost to notch - The & ant. edge also at the tip. port. edge is also margined with black. Above black with some white circles. Port. margin of flabellae scalloped, but not deeply. Dorsal Has usual humpback shape. It has both the entire and & edge & the tip edge with white. Fin. Above black with many white circles entire along port. edge - a cluster of circles near the post. margin & another cluster at the port. edge near the tip - ant. & edge white, with some black at & 6 of the 8 tubercules. Below pure white except for a small black blotch at base & a little black at the tip. Belemn When looked at from front & back blisters wrinkles show dark- brown-gray with a narrow dirty light gray band in the center of the row for half to the ant. half. The post. bay has all wrinkles dark brown-gray.

98 520 145- 465- Measurements of humpback No 25 ↑ Total length straight notch to tip under jaw = 46'7" cm. 1 " " over back " " amount = 1375- 3 Snout to eye = 330 5 " " blowhole = 255 8 Eye to ear = 08 9 " abve " = 18 10 " opening = 8 11 Ear " = 1 12 notch flukes to anus = 320 13 " " " penis center = 465? 15 " " " navel = 605 ? 16 " " " post vert. dorsal = 435- 17 " " " " pectoral = 940 18 Pectoral tip to head humerus = 407 19 " " " post vert = 830 22 Height dorsal = 18 23 Flukes tip to tips = 485- 24 Greatest breadth flukes ant.-post. = 115? 29 Depth between at ant. point of flukes = 100 30 " " between flukes & anus (at lower bump) = 15-0 36 Arms & center of penis = 145- 40 Length baleen row = 310 41 " " . largest plate = 74 44 Number throat furrows = 23 Tips of baleen 120 apart at widest point as they stand in position

No 26 Sei whale 7 June 12/10 Aikawa A light whale - Sides of peduncle a beautiful light blue gray marked as I last described in No.24 The band running across belly is not strongly marked in this whale. Between penis toward the mid-ventral line is white. Upper half of lips blue-gray - Lower half light gray flecked with dark gray. Flukes below turned as are those of a blue whale Dorsal dark gray Bristles of baleen all white, very fine & thick- they have not the usual gray tips. The bristles of both's No 24 are thicker than in any whale I have ever seen. Pink edging of gums below for 40 cent. on each side. Tips of baleen rows are positions are 165 cent apart at their widest, 13 jrs. 7 girls. Total length = 1380 Snout & Eye = 26J) " " blow-hole = 200 " " post. nostr. fur = 470 Eye to Ear = 74 " above " = 6 " opening = 7 Ear " = 3

100 notch of flukes to arms = 360 '' '' '' '' post-nit. dorsal = 420 '' '' '' '' '' pectoral = 890 height of dorsal = 5.2 length right lobe of flukes axially = 175 Arms to naval = 270 length baleen rows = 270 '' '' longest plate = 751

101 Tursio borealis (Peale) June 13/10 Okawa Japan On the evening of June 13/71 9/10 the "Akelona" Mazu" Capt. Shortton brought in five specimens - 2 specimens of Fagenophychnus oblegendens Gell, and three adult examples of Tursio borealis (Peale). The specimens had been killed for the one day previous and were not described by me until the morning of the 14th. Decomposition had of course set in to a certain extent and all the animals were more or less swelled as so by the resulting gases. Therefore the girle measurements taken after were only approximate the actual circumferences in life: the two girth measurements taken after in to the pectorals I believe would be affected but slightly by decomposition. The specimens were placed side by side on a convenient sled and I had examined them at my leisure thus having an exceptional opportunity for direct comparison, being able to note individual sex differences. They Both species were also compared with Scammon's figures published in Tursio "Dolphinidae" a copy of which I fortunately had with me at the time.

102 no 27 Enis baralis (Peale) June 12/10 Aibara Japan officialy This specimen was adult, the teeth however being unworn Color Below: The extreme tip of the mandible is black for 1.9 mil. There is then portion immediately succeeding is blush white for except a distance of 70 mil. except the outer edges of the mandible lip which have narrow edging of black. Behind this is a funnel shaped area of slate color the "apron" of the funnel being 1.35-mil long and occupying the ventral area of the mandible, the sides of the mandible above this are black. The greatest width of the funnel shaped slate area is 1.80 mil. A narrow white line runs down the exact center of the throat thru' the slate area & the anterior end of the line spreading out & shading off gradually into slate. The posterior end of this median white line fades and narrows gradually until it is 30 mil wide, when yet suddenly branches out each arm running obliquely backward & upward to the anterior insertion of the sectoral fins, &t runs obliquely up & back on the under base of the fin ending in a point. From the The white begins again at the extreme base of the fins runs straight back for a distance of 1.10 mil, then curves rather abruptly down & back

103 toward the ventral line, at their runs back along the mid ventral line of the body in a band of varying width. At its manovart point between the fl fin is ? the nearst this band is 38 mil wide. at widens slightly over the penis slit, curves in a bit between the penis and widen again at the anus of then runs backward regularly to the plebes along the mid ventral edge and that the peduncle other is lost. 20 mil from the notch of the flukes at the same point that the

except for the upper edge of the scutellum for a distance of 20 mill from the end of the ridge on the fleabes which is distinctly slate color shading into the black. Also the edge of the upper tip on each side for a dist of 40 mill is white. I believe that if examined when fresh the color of the upper parts would be found to be dark slate and not black. Flebes Above black mellowed to slate- aut.-post. Below [illegible] a narrow band of dark slate -- runs across flebes along side of median bead. The posterior edge has a margin dark of slate, widest at which, here joining the aut. post. bands. Rest of flebes below are white. Pectores Above black, below black except for its median joint of white which runs up on the base from the white of the breast. Color Varietis, No 28 [illegible] No 28 has the white near the tip of the under jaw not so long. There is no white edging to the upper jaw on the left side just a suggestion of it on the right. The white central band between pins or fins is much narrower than in No 27; the slate along the edges here is more distinct. The

have flukes belm had a little wider dark slate band along the median heel. The flukes above are of a lighter slate than no 27 no 29 ♀ The fine white line in the throat is short short & flat anteriorly - The throat slate area is underlined - The whitish edging to the upper lip is obsolete - The white mid ventral band between fins, & vulva is much broader than in the other two. The flukes belm have the tips dark slate. Flukes above lightly slate than no 27 - same color as no 28 Variations in Body form no 28 ♂ is a very slender and does not appear to be greatly extended by gas. It is strikingly different from no 29 ♀ in body outline, which is a decidedly twice as thick. Thicker whale. No 27 ♂ is intermediate between 28 ♂ & 29 ♀ The outline of the body of 28 ♂ seems to be fairly typical or may be de- scribed as follows: From the short snout the head outline of the head, slants back gradually to a point opposite a little anterior to the corner of the mouth when it flattens. It dips slightly

at the elbows, then tapers gradually making the outline of the back between the first pair, convex. The upper edge of the peduncle a little behind arms is fairly straight. Below the edge of the peduncle from pectorals to arms is fairly straight, from that point gradually swelling outward to form belly. The belly & breast line rise gradually to throat. Variations in Head shape The offsprings show from the mnd is a little longer in no 27 & than in no 28 & - for the former the head flattens opposite the corner of the mouth. In 28 & the flattened area begins a little anterior to this. That is the "forehead" is higher in the slope more abrupt. In 29 & the head outline is considerably different. The slant is more gradual and also it is not longer, tho The portion of body anterior to the fins is decidedly more depressed giving the head a much sharper appearance. The forehead is much lower. This sharpness to the ant- eir portions of the body is accentuated by the fact that the body behind the fins is much thicker than in the others. This is perhaps a sexual difference

25 has tip of snout much more broken Measurements don't bring out these differences in head shape because the ♀ is much thicker in proportion to the length than the ♂'s and consequently girl measurements are skewed since the two males don't show it I learned from above the same differences appears in #29♀ The head is much more compressed & is sharper Osteology When removing the skeletons I dissected the animals with great care & the following results are certainly correct #29♀ I. boraxia #29 ♀ Teeth formula 47-46 Teeth set loosely in 47-46 sockets & could be easily moved with the fingers; teeth curved slightly outward, & very sharp. The anterior ones of each jaw are accordingly small & if they had not been carried in situ the for- mula would almost certainly be given as different because the very minute anterior tees would surely be lost by ordinary preparations. This would undoubtedly account for the discrepancies in the formulae given by True for this species. Phal 97 pns - the last 2 pns short & imputedched i.e.

108 would be two less + the dorsals two more no 27 ♀ T. borealis no. 27 ♂ 43-44 first two teeth in mandible very 45--45 small. 17 pps 7 ruls - the last 2 pss floating. 30 lumbar vertebrae. The first three chevrons are extremely small, tho 4th increases in length abruptly, tho 5th-6th & decrease regularly & tho 7th & 8th are about of equal length. Tho 9th is slightly longer than the 8th & is the longest of the series; tho remaining ones decrease gradually in height. & no 29 ♀ there were only two minute chevrons at tho beginning of tho series, thus increasing tho lumbar counts. I then postive that tho none of tho small chevrons could have been overlooked. no 28 ♂ T. borealis no 28 ♂ ; 43-44 The tips of tho mandible & postcrim) 45--? . are broken There are 30 lumbars - three minute first chevrons. no 31 ♀ L. obliquidens no 31 ♀ 13 pps 7 ribs-5 articulates to sternum repeating 22 lumbar rules. 4 small anterior chevrons - tho 8th is highest of series. 29-30 teeth 2 ant. teeth very small 29-29 above & below.

109 no 30 ♂ S. obliquens no 30 ♂ 13 pros 7 ribs. 29-28 undoubtedly the variation 28-27 in the dental formula for all members of the Delphinidae is largely due to the presence or absence of the minute anterior & posterior teeth in both jaws. In most species these teeth are exceedingly minute and in some specimens not present at all. In the majority of museum speci- mens they would be lost. 5' small anterior chevronas the 6th increasing abruptly in size - the 10th is the highest of the series 21 femurars c D F Ca 7 13 21 no 28 ♂ (cont) no 28 ♂ (cont) This was taken while phalanges are insitu. Phalanges (right pectoral) I II III IV V taking as first The terminal phalanges 1 7 6 3 2 digit the model outside or radix. of digits IV & V are circular - that of digit V is exceedingly minute. That of digit III is also very small. There are 6 carpalia - 3 proximal row & 3 distal row.

110 No 27 ♂ Mussio borealis (Peale) June 12 1918 Oikawa ind. Length straight snout to notch = 21/51 " " over back " " " " greatest = 21/50 Circum. of body opposite tip of fins and back = 9010 Snout to eye = 330 " " blowhole (center) = 340 " " corner of mouth = 230 " " post ant. fin (pectoral) = 690 lower jaw to corner of mouth = 238 eye opening = 23 notch of flukes to anus = 530 " " " " penis = 693 " " " " navel = 875. " " " post angle pectoral = 14/5- pictoral tip to post angle = 215, " " ant. " " = 270 " " greatest breadth (at angle) = 90 F F port edge from base to angle = 75, " " " " angle " " tip = 130 " " width at base = 1035 Flukes tip to tip = 3520 " " greatest breadth ant-post = 137 dept notch = 20 length right lobe axially = 200 " left " = 220 dept peduncle at ant. inst. flukes = 83 " " between flukes & anuss = 1/6 distance tips of blowhole = 29 Length blowhole curved = 42 length anal opening = 35, T " penis slit = 150

111 Dlst. between ant, wrist, fins below = 3 1/5. " " post, " " " " = 3 4/5. Jawer jaws beyond upper = 9 Height of eye above line of mouth & center = 1/5 Length of back = 5.3 " " V of " = 1 4/5 Girth head at eyes = 6 5/8 " " body " anies = 4 1/2 " " " inf ront of fins = 8 3/8. Breadth of snout at base of V over curve: 7.6 Dist. from corner to corner of mouth over head=2 7/5. Stomach contained many small fish bones Measurements No 28 Tursio borealis (Peale) 31 June 12/10 Akana Length straight snout to notch = 19 7/8 " " over back " " = 20 4/61 Cir. of body opposite fins laid back Snout to eye = 3 5/5. " " corner of mouth " " blowhole (center) " " post. base pectoral = 6 1/7 Length eye opening Notch plebes to anies = 6 1/2 " " " fins = 6 5/0 " " navel " " part, wrist, pectoral = 14/10 Pectoral tip to post. wrist. " " ant. wrist. " " greatest width (at ankle)

112 Stomach contained many fish bones - the vertebrae would seem to indicate sardines. Length post. edge pectoral from base to angle = 60 " " " " " " angle " tip = 128 width " at base = 105 Length of beak = 50 Height eye above line of mouth = 10 Length V of beak (approximately) = 100 Girth head at eyes = 63.5 " body " across = 400 " " in front of fins = 790 Dist. from corner to corner of mouth over head = 260 Breadth frontal base of V (over curve) = 75. Tip under partly corner of mouth = 212 Fins tip to tip = 380 greatest breadth flukes and post. = 120. Depth notch of flukes = 23 Length right lobe axillary = 127 " left " " = 210 Depth peduncle at ant. most. of flukes = 59 " " between an... " " & anus = 125 Length across tips of ventral = 32 " curved " = 40 " anal opening = 32 " pectoral slit = 125. " navel " = 63. Dist. between ant. most. of fins below = 288. " post. " " = 380 Tip lower jaw to beggining of white branching on throat = 393 width of white band at branching behind gills = 6 " " " " narrowest between first need = 15. Length of whitish patch on tip of lower jaws = 6.5.

113 measurements no 29 Turio borealis ♀ June 12/10 Aikawa Japan length straight notch to flukes = 2 110 " " " over back = 21751 Cir. of body opposite tip of fins laid back = 1040 Snout to eye = 3518 " " corner of mouth = 25581 " " blowhole (center) = 368 " " post. rinst, of pectoral = 7251 tip lower jaw to corner of mouth = 268 length eye opening = 22 notch flukes to anus = 5451 " " " elitoris = 625 " " " mammary slit = 600 " " " post. rinst, pectoral = 14810 Pectoral tip to post. rinst, = 212 " " " and " = 280 " length base to angle post edge = 751 " " angle " tip " " = 140 " width at angle = 90 " " " base = 1151 length of beak = 751 girth head at eyes = 680 " body " anus = 420 " " in front of fins = 890 Corner to corner of mouth over head = 2651 Breadth of snout at base of T (over curve) = 63 length flukes tip to tip = 402 " greatest breadth ant - post = 148 " depth width = 29 Length right lobe axially = 238 " left " = 2.251

114 steward's measurements fish bones Depth peduncle at flukes inserted = 90 " " between " & anuses = 135- Dist. between tips of blowhole = 361 Twelfth blowhole curved = 41 " anal opening = 10 " mammary " = 19 Dist. between " " s = 87 Length genital slit = 152 Dist. between post. insert, fins below = 410 " " ant. " " = 341 Lower jaw big and upper = 161 " & beginning of white on lower = 440 Width of white band at branching below fins = 100 " " " " narrowest between " near s 25 Length whitish patch on tip of lower jaws = 96 Measurements No 30 E. obliquidens & June 12 /10 Aikawa Length straight mouth to flukes = 17551 " over back " " " = 1870 Snout to eye = 280 " " corner of mouth = 330 " " blowhole (center) = 300 " " post. insert, pectoral = 618-4 " " base of dorsal (posterior) = 10/51 Eye to ear (center) = 70 " above " = 9 " opening = 23 Ear " = 1 Notch flukes to anuses = 4861 " " pectoris = 6861 " " post. insert. of dorsal = 8520

Pictoral tip to post minutais

116 no. 31♀ L. obliquedens ♀ june 12/10 Aibama Japan Simple straight = 1760 over back = 1850 snout to eye = 275 " " corner of mouth = 230 " " blowhole (center) = 295. " " post. vent, pectoral = 545- " " " dorsal > 1092 eye to ear (center) = 64 " above. " = 8 " opening = 20 ear " " = 1 notch flukes & anus = .533 " " " clitoris = .798 " " " maximum pit = .80 " " " navel (curve) = .960 " " " post. vent. dorsal = .520 " " " pectural = 1283 Pectoral tip to post. vent. = 243 " " and. " = 315- " greatest breadth (angle) = 1.00 base " " = 1.10 height dorsal vertical = 180 length of " base = .8510 flukes tip to tip = 440. " " greatest breadth ant - post = 168 " " depth notch = 33 " " length right lobe axial = 2.60 left " " = 2.681 tip to perimeter at ant.-post. of flukes = 105. " " between " " "4 anus = 1951 length blowhole across tips = 26 curved = 42 Dist. apart of fins anteriorly below = 1951 " " " posteriorly " = 245- Simple anal opening = 13 manway " = 20 Dist. between " " 8 = 451 Jawer jaws beyond nuffer > 7 corner of mouth band, vent, pectoral = 220 " " " center of eye = .510 girth of head at eyes > .6951 " " body in front of fins = .8751 " " " at anus = .5160 Dist. from corner to corner mouth over head = 3.90 Height of eye above line of mouth = 251 On this specimen the back is a little less distinct & the line of the head is straight from the snout to the head. That is, there is no "lip" in the outline of the restlines at the back, many small fish have line stomach.

Capt. C.F. E. Andersen "Hogumau no.s" 117 no.32 Phocena n.sp.? June 18/10 Ribarea This porpoise was not seen by me until the 22nd having been killed four days. The station master had the intestines removed, by cutting down the median line of the belly. The rest of the specimen remained intact until my return, when I photo- tographed, measured & described it. I have compared the specimen, point by point with Tove's figure of Phocena dalli published in this "Delphinidae" and find the following differences. 1. The white area on the sides of P. dalli begins anteriorly about opposite the anterior edge of the dorsal fin. In this specimen the white side area extends forward to a point slightly beyond anterior the insertion of the pectoral fins. 2. In P. dalli the upper edge of the white area is almost on a line from the corner of the mouth to the pectoral. In this specimen, the upper edge of the white area is considerably above such a line. 3. In our specimen the lower edge of the peduncle, just anterior to the pectoral inserted there is a patch of gray marked with short horizontal black lines. This

Patch is distinct, P. dalli presents so much coloration. 4. The anterior of the posterior half of the body of our specimen is totally unlike that of P. dalli, in fact is unlike that of any other porpoise with which I am familiar. The upper lower edges of the foremule are not particularly "flange like" as in P. dalli. The edges are sharp above but not below. They gradually to the upper edge. This body is apparently thicker than in P. dalli. Description: Color entire: Head, back and upper sides black. A white area occupies the lower sides, forearm (except ventral). This white area extends forward to a point slightly beyond the anterior insertion of the pectoral fins. In the central part of the body the superior edge of the white area is almost straight; anteriorly the end is rounded, the lower anterior edge extending back down obliquely running on to the breast a little behind the posterior insertion of the fins. Posteriorly, between the fins the black of the throat extends backward in a the narrow band on the ventral.

ventral line of the breast, to a point ending 210 mm behind the joint mm. 17 fem. The heart of the belly & knee & belly white. Posteriorly the white side area ends in a falcate-shaped band on each side, the black of the peduncle encroaching on the mid ventral line running for- yards way between arms & knees. The lower half of the peduncle a space just in front of the flexor insertion is occupied by a grayish patch thickly marked by short parallel black lines. On the ventral edge of the peduncle this area is 200 mm. long. Flexus. The anterior lobe edge of each lobe is slightly convex; considerably so at tip. The post edge is also very slightly curve. The tips are not sharp. The notch is deep & open. The flexors below are black except for a whitish band which runs from each side of the notch along the front edge obliquely across each lobe to the ax line. The anterior edges run for 1/2 tip. Below creamed this same. Fem. Black above & below except for a small area of grayish, faintly marked at triangle.

on the post edge, Ant, edge of fin strongly convex; post. side concave, but this angle is rounded & not sharp. Dorsal Dorsal [illegible] tip which is slightly recurved. [illegible] whitish marked with a few scattering short black, parallel lines. Entire post edge dark. 14 small tubercles along bent tip of fin. The dorsal as thin. Pedicels The antlerie of the pedicelle presents the most peculiar character about this part of its purpose. From the dorsal fin to a point 300 mils, external plates inserting the softer edge is almost parallel with the axis of the body; at that point, it drops abruptly down to the pleures. This softer edge is thin & sharp. The lower edge of the pedicelle presents a prominent rounded "hump", [illegible] begin immediately behind anus & ending 200 mils above flubles insertion. This peculiar shape to the pedicelle gives the animal a "chirky" appearance. The lower jaw, projects slightly beyond upper & is blunt. The head is blunt, narrowing rapidly from the eyes to the snout, & defining to it.

121 Osteology of Phocena no 32 I dissected the specimen with extreme care & there is no possibility that the following results are not absolutely correct. There are 17 pairs of ribs - the next to the last rib on each side in long but is attached to the transverse pieces of the vertebrae. The last pair of ribs are short & "floating" & might easily be overlooked. There are twenty-six lumbar vertebrae if the vertebra opposite to the pair of floating ribs is counted as a lumbar. If it is counted as a dorsal, the number of lumbar will be twenty-five. C D S F Ca 7 16 or 17 26 or 25 - 46 : 95 There are 35 cheurones in the entire series. The two or three small cheurones at the beginning of the series commonly present on porpoises are absent at this specimen. The first cheuron is long but free distally. The laminae of the 2nd are very broad & the spine is pointed distally it is slightly longer than the first. The 3rd is of about the same width as the first but is longer than the 2nd. The next 4th to 5th are very narrow

122 and are somewhat longer than the 3rd. The 6th is slightly wider & longer than the 5th. The 7th is longer & broader than the 6th & the 8th is the longest of the series. From this back they decrease gradually in length & increase very gradually in width. These observations are of the chevron's in situ - whether or not the actual measured length would correspond with this or not I can't tell until they are cleaned. The 8th is however, the highest or longest as the series stand in position. The anterior chevron's base of the series are directed back- ward & permit a considerable antero-posterior movement. The 2nd + 15th chevron's are about equal in height as they stand in position, but The last chevron is exceedingly minute but it ossified - 1 The last two caudals very small all both very small Teeth 19-19 Posterior teeth on both jaws 22-22 exceedingly minute to rent show severe the gums, with 'the alveoli' are distinct juts in which the teeth may be found. [illegible]

123 Measurements of Phocaena no 32 Total length straight from snout to notch = 19/5 .. .. over back (over the curve of peduncle) = 21/5 Snout to eye = 233 " " corner of mouth = 125/1 " " blowhole (center) = 25.0 " " part. coat pectoral insetion = 4/5 " " " dorsal = 11/0 Tip lower jaw to eye = 233 " " .. " ant. edge blowhole = 260 " " " corner of mouth = 134 " " " .. ant. base pectoral = 305/1 Eye to blowhole vertical = 168 Tip lower jaw to ant. boundary white area on side = 3/0 Blowhole to ant. edge base of dorsal = 505/1 Tip lower jaw to penis = 1235/1 Length white area along mid vertical line = 785- (over curve of body) 598- Depth body 24 inches anterior to flukes = 270 " " " " " Length eye opening = 22 Notch of flukes to anus = 620 " " " " penis = 765/1 " " " " part. base dorsal = 10/0 " " " " " pectoral = 1580 Pectoral tip to head beginning = 220 " " " " part. misereri's = 163 " " " " ant. " = 233 " " greatest breadth (at angle) = 108- " " base " = 108 " Height dorsal vertical = 165/1

124 Length base dorsal = 360 Fins tip to tip = 469 Ant. post. breadth flukes (greatest) = 180 Depth notch = 30 Length right lobe axially = 257

No 18 Lagamohyarchus obliquidens 3 June 1/10 Aikawa Japan This specimen was harpooned from the N/S "Taihei Maru No 2" about 50 miles from Aikawa. The animal was taken on the deck of the ship and lived for about three hours, finally dying from loss of blood. While alive I studied it carefully, taking all color notes immediately, and also taking a circumference measurement. The animal "blew" every few seconds opening the blowhole widely, it then appear ed as a circular opening. This was accomplished by drawing the partition between the points of the blowhole downward & for- ward. No vapour was visible when the animal perpe blew probably because of the frequency of the respiration. The eye was always closed when the finger or any other object approached it, and the sight seemed fairly good. While the animal was alive it frequently raised its head & posterior part of the body from the deck with a convulsive motion. Also it closed its jaws sharply upon a stick when it was placed in its mouth. It seemed to have consid- erable biting power & I imagine could inflict rather a severe wound. On the same day that this specimen was secured a number of others were

126 seen in schools of five or six. They shimmred along the surface frequently, but did not leap entirely out of the water as I have seen D. delphis do so often. On the day following the capture, I saw several more schools of the same species. The gunners tell me that they see this porpoise frequently and it would seem to be abundant. P. borealis has also been reported as abundant by the gunners. Color A line of dark gray 10 mil. wide runs from the corner of the mouth in a curve down to the ant- s rior insertion of the [illegible] pectoral fin. It begins again at the base of the fin above, 40 mil. from the posterior insertion, curves slightly upward and then downward, upward again in a long sweep, & finally downward running off the peduncle 5-0 mil. behind the anus. The line comes down furtherest on to the belly 1-6-0 mil. from the post. insertion of the fin.

All the throat, breast & belly below this point of [illegible] is white. On the sides from the middle of the dorsal fin to beyond the eye is a roughly elliptical area of light gray, its lower edge bounded by the dark gray tine which separates it from the ventral white area. This elliptical light gray area is 150 mil wide in vertical diameter at its widest point. It is prolonged forward along the H of the V shaped crease on the rostrum, and shades gradually into the dark gray of the rostrum. The eye is situated in a pear-shaped area of dark gray, the anterior end being prolonged considerably forward. The edge of the rostrum for a distance of 70 mils from the point of the V is washed with gray. The rest of the head to the back is very dark gray. Opposite the posterior insertion of the dorsal fin, the dark gray of the back rises down to meet the white of the belly in a band 210 mils wide. This dark gray band divides the light gray area of the sides of the anterior portion of the body from an antimerian color on the lower half of the peduncle which extends back to the flukes. The median heel of the flukes is also light gray. The upper corner of this light gray

peduncle area is prolonged forward in a rapidly narrowing streak of gray which reaches a point over the back nearly opposite the posterior insertion of the pectoral fin. Opposite the base of the dorsal this gray band is 1/2 mil. wide. The edge of the lower lip is dark gray which widens abruptly into a cap of dark gray 3/8 mil. long at the mandibular symphysis. Pectorals Above; The anterior half of the pectoral fins for the entire length is dark gray, which shades into a lighter gray of the posterior half. The whole tip of the fin is inclined to be a little lighter shade even along the anterior edge.. Below, the fins are like the superior surface except that the entire base is lighter. The angle of the posterior edge is sharp & prominent. Dorsal has anterior dark gray; at the base this dark gray edging is 5/8 mil. wide but narrows rapidly toward the tip until it is only 1/4 mil. wide. The remainder of the sides and the tip of the dorsal is like the light gray of the sides of the body. Flukes Almost below dark gray.. As I have remarked these descriptions was written while the animal was

yet alive. A short time after death the colors had begun to change; the dark gray of its back had become black and the light gray of the sides of the body was much darker. In consequence of these changes the contrast between the light & dark colors does not show in the photographs in its real value. The following is a really beautiful and real when seen while retaining its natural colors, External notes The tip of the fin laid back is exactly opposite the anterior [illegible] of the dorsal - thus in the point of greatest girah There were no evidence of hair - between the body & head. The stomach was empty - The center of the eye directly below the blowhole - The blowhole is not quite regularly semicircular) The superior outline of the peduncle from the dorsal to a point 3.50 cm. from the root of the pectorals is almost a straight line; it then rises slightly (about .1cm.) it slants gradually down to the fleshes, its ridge becoming lost half way across its surface. The upper ridge of the peduncle is rounded near the dorsal but gets gradually sharper

130 where the outline begins to rise until it is very sharp at the anterior insertion of the pectorals, The posterior edge of the dorsal is very thin - the ant. edge not so. There is a slight ridge over the antlrio of the head, at the eye. The V of the beak is shallow - does not meet in front, it is 90 mil. large on the left side + is just 100 mil., from the corner of its mouth @ Osteology Scapula lies at an angle - the ant. end is tipped slightly upward - glenoid fossa is in an almost parallel line with body axis - acromium points inward. 13 pairs of ribs 5 -

tip of lower jaw to corner of mouth = 23\n

no 40 Globocephalus Seammoni' Cope, ♀ June 26/10 Akau. This specimen, an adult male, was taken by my the ship "Taihei Maru No.2" Capt. Sammeisen summer, on June 26th. It was measured by me the same evening & photographed & described the following morning. I had been expecting this for a specimen of this species for Capt. Olsen of the "Rebber Maru" had told me that he saw several schools the day before & had fired at one. I compared Seammoni's figure with this specimen before it was placed and noted the corrections on the plate. In his figure the superior outline of the body is almost a straight line, & this is far from being the case in my specimen. The eye in his figure is not correctly placed - it is off directly above the corner of the mouth. In my specimen the eye is above & considerably behind the mouth corner. In Seammoni's figure the throat is much too full; there is also a rather apron dip in the outline of the body at the head which is not shown in his figure. The base of the dorsal in Seammoni's figure is much too short. The pectoral fins are also

placed too high on the side. The color of Scammon's specimen is given as "entirely black" - this is not the case in my individual; its color is as follows: The color of the entire upper parts is black with the exception of an area immediately behind the dorsal fin which is lighter gray. This gray area, triangular, has roughly the shape of a trapezoid, its apex directed backward toward the flukes, central and its longitudinal axis being the ridge of the back. The edges of this light area grade imperceptably into the black of the back, excepting at the point where the transition is more abrupt. The ant. part. length of this gray area is 600 mil. Its furthest downward extent transversely from the ridge of its back is 200 mil. on either side. There is a small dash of gray 60 mil. long by 10 mil. wide, just below the ant. insertion of the flukes on the left side only. The dorsal fin is faintly tinged with grayish - almost imperceptible. The lower parts are black except as follows: From the navel a very narrow, purplish-gray line, starting as nothing, runs 4 in the exact

134 center of the ventral surface, becoming gradually wider as it goes forward until slightly beyond the anterior insertion of the pectorals it spreads out into a somewhat shaped purplish gray area. The anterior end of this area is notched in the center & has rounded corners. It is 4-50 mil. from the tip of the upper jaws (a little behind due to corners of mouth). Directly between the pectorals before this line spreads out it is 16 mil wide. The purplish gray area joins the navel to its anterior end is 1/68 cent. long. From the navel a less clearly defined, but wider, purplish gray based extends backward broadening gradually until at penis it is 140 mil wide. It narrows a little between penist anus, then widens again slightly, & runs abruptly into the anal opening + is lost. There is no indication of lighter color on the ventral surface behind the anus except the spot below the flexor musculi already referred to. The outer layer of the epidermis is as thick as that of a Megaptera.

Peduncle The outline of the peduncle is very unlike that shown in Scammon's figure, instead of having the superior outline nearly straight, it has a short de- descent anterior to the flexures. It is as follows. From the posterior edge of the dorsal there is a gradual slope downward to a point opposite the penis - then there is a gradual rise until at a point midway between the flexures insertion of the arms, the curve reaches its greatest height; here the peduncle is deepest. From this joint, the slope to the flexures is gradual, not abrupt as in Scam- mon's figure. The lower outline of the body is as follows: - From the tip of the lower jaw to the penis the outline of the breast belly is a regularly convex line but not as strongly convex on the throat as it is shown in Scammon's figure. There is a sharp dip between the penis and the arms; the peduncle swells out a little directly behind this, then slopes gradually to flexures. The point of greatest swelling of the lower edge is a little anterior to [illegible] the greatest

136 Flukes curve inwards to the upper edge Have the anterior edges regularly convex - the post. edges very slightly concave, notch deep. Black above & below. The posterior edge of flukes very sharp dorsal do actually on a long base. It is thick & heavy. The post. edge of the dorsal is 520mm, anterior to the middle of the body. The ant. indt. is 270mml behind the axilla. Pectorals. Narrow are strongly falcate & tips pointed. The angle of the posterior edge is 140 mm. from the axilla. The length of the fin - is contained a little more than five times in the length of the body over the curve of the side. [The distal half of fins (excluding tips) have on the anterior edges a row of] small hard spines. Blowhole is situated in a decided depression- it has the characteristic shape among the Delphinidae - a not quite regular semicircle. The top of the head from blowhole to dorsal is flat. Navel The navel is directly opposite the tip of the dorsal fin. Head The head is globouse (large), the extremity over hanging the snout. The "beak"s short rounded & not prominent. It is formed by a slight constriction on the sides and a depression in front. Thickness of body. The greatest thickness (depth) of body is at a point a little behind the anterior insertion of the dorsal fin.

137 \n© Theology no 40 8\n\nVertebral formula:\n\nVertebrae C D L Ca The last caudal is\n 7 11 13 28 = 59 about the size of a\n\nsmall peg - The dissections were made\nwith great care & these results are certainly\ncorrect\n\nRibs 12 pps. none floating\nchevrons 19 chevrons in series - the last is very small\n\nThe first pair of chevronae are very small\nand the laminae are far apart distally - the\n2nd is larger & longer but still well separated\ndistally - the 3rd is same height as 2nd but\ntho laminae touch distally; they are not\njoined by ossification however. The 4th.\nis same height as 3rd but are joined dist- ally by ossification - the 5th is higher than\n4th. It has a longer spine. The 6th is higher\nthan 5th tho shorter laminae but longer\n& narrower spine. The 7th is same height\nas 6th but the spine is wider. The 6th & 7th\nare highest of series; from this point back,\nthe spines widen & decrease in height\ngradually. The last chevron is exceedingly\nsmall but is ossified.\n\nThese observations were made while the series\nwere in situ & do not mean the actual\nmeasured lengths of the chevrons.\n\ndental 8 - 8\nformula 8 - 8

138 measurements of G. scammoni Cope rule. Length straight notch to extremity of head = 4940 " " over back " " " " " = 5'000 Snout to eye = 5.30 " " " blowhole (aver front of head) = .690 " " " base of dorsal (posterior) = 2040 " " " ant. wrist " over side = 1560 " " " " pectoral " = 780 " " " corner of mouth = 400 Extremity of head to eye (straight) = 490 " " " " " ant. base dorsal = 1340 " " " " " post. " pectoral (over side) = 1170 Dist. from eye to ear (center) = 170 " " Eye above ear = 50 Length eye opening = 36 " " Ear " = 1 Eye above corner of mouth = 90 " " to " " " straight = 120 Post. wrist, first " " " = 720 Eye to center of blowhole = 500 Blowhole to post. wrist dorsal = 1480 Tip snout-jaw to ant. wrist, pectoral = 730 Girth of body at anus = 1770 " " " " insertion of pectoris = 610 " " " " ant. " " dorsal = 2540 " " " " " pectoralis = 2180 " " " " post " " dorsal = 2320 " " " head " eye = 2010 " " " " corner of mouth = 1900 Girth of fishes to anus = 1700

139 mil. notch of flukes to penis (center) = 2180 " " " " navel " : 2960 " " " " post. mest. dorsal (straight) : 2960 " " " " " pectoral = 3960 ? Length pectoral tip to head of humerus = 1060 " " " " postmersion's " = 8051 " " " " ant. " " " = 1030 " " " " post. edge along curve = 8551 " " " " ant. " " " " = 1180 Breath " base = 2951 " " " at angle = 300 Height dorsal vertical = 2751 Length " base = 690 Length pectoral axially = 1020 Flukes tip to tip = 1180 " greatest breadth ant.-post. = 350 " depth notch = 63 " length right lobe axially = 6151 " " left " " = 600 " greatest thickness at mestion's = 751 Depth peduncle at flukes insertion's = 310 midway " betwenn anus & " " = 720 Length blowhole across tips = 951 " curved = 1251 Dist. apart of fins below posteriorly - 300 " " " " " anteriorly : 470 Length anal crease = 2351 " navel " = 40 " penis " = 4651 Upper gail extends beyond lower = 30

"Trachishma marri" no 49 Sword Fish July 19/10 Aikawa I did not see this fish until two days after it had been killed; at this time the color is as follows: Color Back & upper sides dark purplish brown shading into light brown on the sides belly, mandsible and lower purplish silver. Abdomen from ventral fin to [illegible] purplish silver. Upper lobe of tail like back - lower lobe tinged with silver. Close of eye battle green Measurements in mils. Total length center of tail to tips of "sword" = 2750 tips of snout (sword) to eye = 1100 (center of eye)

141 Tail tip to tip = 700 Length upper to be equally = 510 " " lower " " " = 505 Dist from center Tail to center of caudal flange = 250 Length base of caudal flange = 200

Fukushima manu no.50 Sagamophthalmus obliquens Gill, ♀ July 19/10 Okahu This specimen had been killed two days before I examined it, but it was in good condition. Color In general the color description of no 18 applies to this specimen with the following points: The anterior prolongation of the light gray area from the eyes forward is wider and lighter than in no 18. The light face lines meet in the middle line then run front but become a little darker just at the middle line. The back below the V is all dark gray - the light gray areas is all above the V The dark gray line which borders the white ventral, from the gray side areas is a little wider behind the pectorals than in no 18. Also 140 mill front the post. insertion of the fin there is a sharp angular projection of the gray line downward into the white of the ventral parts. This was not found on any of the other specimens. The light gray area on the sides & behind the dorsal covers the entire sides all but the back. In no 18 it only covered the lower half of the pectorals. Just anterior to the fin insertion the narrow dorsal

ridge is also gray. The The dark gray anterior side of the dorsal is wider than in No. 1. That is, the light gray only covers the posterior half of the fin where the anterior half is dark gray. The upper corners of the light gray peduncle areas are prolonged forward in two narrow parallel bands out to the back & forward almost to the mouth. External characters The tip of the pectoral fin does not quite reach a line drawn down from the ant. insertion of the dorsal. In No. 18 it does. The ant. commissure of the eye is slightly behind the center of the blowhole: in No. 18 the center of the eye is below the blowhole. The stomach was empty. Measurements mm. Total length snout to notch of flukes straight = 209.0 " " " " " over back = 225.0 Snout to eye = 30.0 " " corner of mouth = 25.4 " " blowhole (center) = 31.0 " " post. finst. of pectoral = 61.0 " " dorsal = 124.5 Tip of mandible to center of eye = 26.2 Corner of mouth to ant. nat. dorsal = 55.1 Center of blowhole to " " " = 187

144 Corner of mouth to ant. mast pectoral = 235 Height eye above line of mouth (cent. avg) = 25- Dist, from corner to corner of mouth over head = 407 Length beak from apex of rth tip of snout = 54 Width " at " " " (aver curve) = 106 Blenbre to ant. mast. dorsal = 645 Girth of head at eyes = 765 " " body in front of firs = 1010 " " at armpa = 670 Length eye opening = 25 Notch flukes to arms = 608 " " " " clitoris = 676 " " " " mamary split (center) = 663 " " " " navel (certain) = 1134 " " " " post. mast. dorsal = 1010 " " " " pectoral = 1540 Pictoral tip to head hummeres = 850 " " " " post. insertion = 249 " " " " ant. " = 330 " " breadth at angle = 112 " " " " base = 120 Height dorsal vertical = 165 " " " " axial = 265 Length " " base = 290 Flukes tip to tip = 520 " greatest breadth ant. post. = 185 Length right lobe externally = 307 " left " " = 304- Thickness flukes at insertion = 110

Depth notch of pectorals = 35- depth pectorials at " insertini' = 110 " " between notch & arms (midway) : 207 length blowhole straight across tips = 29 " " " curved = 36 dist. between pectoral fins below antenuely: 244 " " " " " postnuely: 277 Length anal opening = 9 length entire maxillary slit '15' lower jaw projects beyond upper = 9 @ sterley no 50 Pales - 14 pps attached & 1 ps unattached, the latter being only about 2 inches long dental formula 30-30 29-27 Vertebral formula C D F Ca 7 14(or 15) 19(or 18) 37 = 77 cheurons 29 The first chevron has only the small lamina of the right side present. The cheurons of the next four vertebrae are anhylosed into a solid bar, the laminate of both sides being present, The cheurn of 6th caudal has only the right lamina present - that of 7 th caudal consists only of left lamina. The cheurons of the 8th & 9th caudals have the laminale erected by axitally

but no spire - the 10th & 11th chambers has a short spire; the chambers of the 13th caudal is highest of series as they stand in position. There are 29 chambers counting those of ankyland bar or four.

10:30 P.M. 147 Go Nagai Maru - crossed out. No 46 Sperm & July 14/10 Aikana Japan Color slate - gray (light) semicircular patch curving about seminabilites, of the side directly above washed with grays. Length vertex to extremity of head by cutters = 45" Flukes to hump (dorsal) = 53.8 cent, Fin tip to post. wrist. = 9.5 " " " " " " = 140 " Height hump = 25 " Flukes breadth ant. post = 10 1/2 " External characters: No 47 Sperm & July 14/10 Aikana This whale was drawn out upon the slip I measured carefully. Color General color slate. Just in front of the seminabilites is a semicircle of gray (light) the convexity backward. That is, the mark curves backward from the mane on the sides. (The same mark on same position, in the Van do. specimen.) A few light gray dashes along upper edge of forehead & just below eye on the side of the head. The upper half of the lower jaw is white - the upper lip is white marked with dark spots. There is a marked dip just behind the head in the middle of its back.

148 The top of head is straight, then the dip at base of skull in both orientations—line or four small crenulations behind "hump" on dorsal ridge. Humps like this There is a prominent swelling at the head at eye—the mother's like this (drawing) From a little below line from eye to ex of head the lower half of head (or upper jaw) is ridge shaped. Roughly this is shape of cross section of head at extremity.

149 Measurements of no. 47 ♂ Total length notch of flukes to extremity of head = 145½ cent et. of head to eye (st.) = 380 " " " " post. nist, blowhole = 54½ " " " " corner of mouth = 32½ Tip of mandible to " " " = 326 et. of head to tip in both anterior base of heel = 53½ notch flukes to anus = 46½ " " " " penis (center) = 63½ " " " " travel = 76½ " " " " center of dorsal "hump" = 590 Posterior tip to head humerus = 145½ " " " post. nist, ?(head & locate) = 95½ " " " ant " = 130 " greatest breadth = 7½ Height of "hump" vertical = 3½ greatest breadth flukes (ant post.) = 1⅓ depth median at ant. fluke's nist, = 90 Length blowhole (st.) = 60 " " " curved (straightened) = 68 Anus to penis center = 170 " " " travel = 300 et. of head to tip of under jaw = 90

"go Hogei" 150 no.48 sperm ♂ July 14/10 Akawa Japan Drawn and measured carefully. Color general color slate - same light gray, cloudy markings about genitalia as in others. special characters a slight dip at base of head - a slight concavity in head outline; meat very dark red. Blubber yellowish white measurements Total length Ext. of head to notch = 18951 Ext. of head to eye = 3751 " " ear = 411. " " post, int., pectoral = 8281 " " corner of mouth = 817 Tip mandible to " " " = 222 Eye to ear = 46 " above " = 18 " opening = 7 Ear " = 9 Notch flukes to arms = 405. " " " penis (center) = 572 " " " dorsal hump (center) = 580 Breath flukes (antr. - post.) = 104 Depth peduncle at fluke insert. = 85- Length blowhole (st.) = 41 " " axially = 48 Arms to center of penis = 167 Depth notch of flukes = 31

Rebburni maru 153 (Skeleton taken) 3.30 Q. M. No. 2 Sperm ♦ July 23/10 Aikawa Whole drawn out & slip measured carefully. Color General color slate, much light gray about genitalia and in the sides directly above a far as mid lateral line. Flecks & lashes of light gray along ventral line almost to flukes. Small scattered patches & flecks of light gray over throat breast clear to corner of mouth. The extremity of the head (the lower two thirds) is white; the upper third is very light grayish which shades gradually into the white of the lower two thirds. On the sides of the head from the extremity to the corner of the mouth & thence it's very light gray "cross-crossed" in every direction with white lines and narrow bands. The whole mandible from a point anterior to the branching of the rami is white marked rather faintly with small oblong grayish marks pointing fore and aft From a point a little behind the corners of the mouth & the branching of the mandibular rami

(that is the area occupied by the throat creases) the color is mixed gray & white, "pepper & salt." The color of the body changed very quickly from slate to brownish black when the animal was drawn out of the water. External There are a great number of Characters short shallow creases on throat between the base of the mandible & to point a little behind the corners of the mouth. At base of skull where the head was disarticulated from the vertebral column, the head was 9" ft 6 inches in diameter, includin cluding blubber. The entire epidermal layers pull off very easily - the outer one is almost as thin as that of a Blue Whale. The "rumbles" of blubber extend forward as far as a point opposite the eye, but only on top of head. Just behind corner of mouth Blubber is 36 cent. thick - this is thickest place in head. Blubber white with a yellowish

Teige. The bunch behind anus is prominent The bump is high & sloped like this Blubers Above the m plate with no markings. The cuticle (posterior) is strongly & regularly convex. The ant edge as what slightly convex. Teeth 23. In the upper jaw there 17-19 were 24 teeth all but four of which (2 on each side) were eroded and in the jaws & could only be found by cutting into it. The teeth that were visible circ about the middle of the jaws. Heart & Lung Very small in comparison with those of a V Blue, Fireback or Henpeacock. Head The blubber is comparatively thin; next comes a layer about 6 or 7 thick of large tendons (about an inch dia) running fore & aft. Below this is to a second thick layer of fat thickly run through with small fibrous bundles. Next comes the spermatic case which contains blood in a more or less liquid

156 almost condition - it is probably wholly against air life. Below the case it's much more acellular form than with small transverse fibres with rem? then a large thick ridge. Postology 10 pcs of ribs Vertebrae Measurements Total length ex of head to notch over back: 59'" ex. of head to eye = 380 notch flukes to anus = 466 " " " penis = 656 " " " navel = 756 " " " cen of dorsal hump: 650 " " " post. ins? pectoral=10150 Pectoral tip to head humerus = 168 " " " post. insert. (?) = 114 " " " ant. " = 148 " " greatest breadth = 78 height hump vertical = 60 Flukes tip to tip = 450 " greatest and post. breadth = 157 " depth notch = 45 length right lobe axially = 230 " left " " " = 240 Thickness flukes at insertions = 30 arms to penis = 190 " " navel = 290

no. 53 Finback ♀ July 24/10 Aibawa a dark whale. Total length snout to notch along side = 6 31' 6" Flukes to post. mast. Fectural = 45' " " dorsal (port.) = 15' 5" Snout to eye = 14' 6" These measurements were taken by myself with the cutter's line no. 54 Finback ♀ July 25/10 Aibawa a rather dark whale. Behind the anus the gray of the sides covers all but a very narrow strip on the ventral edge of the peduncle (it comes down further than usual on the sides). The white ventral line in its widest place behind the anus is only 18" wide. The points extending toward anus are well marked. Where the gray portion of the side of throat & breast shade into the white ventral region they had turned to a light sepia by the time it was brought to the station having been in the sea for a considerable time. I have seen the same thing present in many other finbacks where they had been for some hours in a strong sun. This will explain

158 why one European author described the color of Balaeoptera physalus as shading the dark upper parts into light sepia + then into the white of the lower regions. In fact the first Finback I ever saw (at Van, do.) I described in this way. The gray prolongations or flaves are broad & long, than on the left side reach to the mid ventral line. There is also a narrow, shading longitudinal of gray on the ventral line, a little anterior to the navel. Pectorals have the usual coloration of the Finbacks. Dorsal Has typical Finback shape Balern In this whale the usual white parties of the baleen on the right side is lacking. For a distance of 22 inches from the tip, the baleen plates are light colored but only 2 are entirely white to the effect as like that of the Sei whale baleen when observed at greater the side. The usual white portion of the mider edge of the rostrum is present but is not clear white - it is tinged with grayish. The baleen plates are striped and look

exactly like those of other Finbacks. Measurements Eng. feet Total length alongside = 64' 4" Flukes to part. wrist, pectoral = 42 5" " " " " " dorsal = 16' Snout to eye = 13' 3" Flukes to anus = 18' 8" " " naval = 26' 6" Pectoral tip to head humerus = 8' 1" " " " ant. wrist. = 7' " " " post. " = 5' 3" " greatest breadth = 1' 10" height dorsal vertical = 15" length baleen row = 12' 10" " longest plate baleen = .3' These measurements even taken with a cloth tape as all the succeeding ones will be. My steel tape is broken.

No5 5 Blue Whale July 26/10 A light whale The line of white mark ings from root of fin down & back is scattered. The light gray markings are especially thick on lower back above directly above fin many white scars on peduncle. The light gray markings follow down close to the ends of the folds but do not seem over one others. There are a few grayish markings on upper surface of fin, a few large ashly markings on right rumpers. Dorsal very low & has anterior edge whitish shape like this. Riles 15 pns ribs sure Milk Milk was flowing from mamma & the mammary glands were greatly enlarged. The lashed ex- actly like those of the Humfwork which I described at Van d s. Scapula The upper edge of the scapula shows plainly causing a depression immediately above it (before turning) and I believe that my theory that the depressions observed in the backs of living Hump &

161 Finibals is produced by the action of the scalular muscles, is correct. Measurements. Total length with to summit = 76' 10" Summit to eye = 15' 10" " " blowhole = 14' with " dorsal = 18' 4" " " " arms = 21' 6" " " " navel = 33 8" " " " pectoral post. wrist. = 52' 3" Height dorsal = 6" Pictoral tips to head humerus = 44' " " " " art. wrist. = 9' 4" " " " " post. " = 7' 6" " " breadth = 2' 10" eye to ear = 4' 2"

162 29.M. - cut at 4 &M. Ref: Main No.56 Sperm ♀ July 28/10 Albana Cut at end of wharf inward. color General color slate. There is a large irregular patch of pure white extend- almost ing back to genitalia & well up on sides . This is same place where others are usually gray & same shape of patch but larger) immediately above it on its upper side (left) is a smaller patch (irregular) of pure white ; there is also a large irregular patch of white at anterior base of dorsal hump. The sides from the white patches forward to pectoral fins are washed with gray. Gray washing about genitalia . A good many white scars & barnacle crescent lower half of head. Pectoral Have a few rather small gray markings above. Four small creculations aft of dorsal hump. Teeth 23-20 upper teeth not visible.

163 Measurements No. 5, 6. Total length of head to notch along side by cutters = 3'7 1/2" Notch to hump center = 13'-9" " " anuses = 12'-4" Of head & eye (straight) = 7'-9" Fleekes tip to tip = 9'-10" Length mammery slit = 12" Dist. between " = 8" Height hump (vertical) = 10" Eart ear tip to head brunners = 3'9" " " anr nist = 3'-3" " breadth = 1'-8" No 5, 7. Sperm of July 28/0 Aikawa General color slate. Much light gray about navle in the usual semicircular patch - gray on sides above navle in small patches markings, and forward on sides to finer small flecks. On the head from the blowhole or a line to the eye, are -- a few light gray markings. Also a few white circle like those on Hemibath. Edges of upper lips and jaw white- almost slate except for a few circles of white. head I do not believe that age makes any difference, or at least but very little, in the sharpness of the V of the lower portion of head; all the specimens I

164 have examined have been about the same. There is a bulge on each side at the mandibular condyles. Throat furrows There seems to be no definite arrange- ment of the throat furrows in this species but their position remains constant, Milk flukes Milk was flowing from the mammas above below slate - The posterior edge strongly convex & the anterior edge quin slightly so - notch deep. The highest point in the convexity of the posterior edge is at the junction of the first & second thirds of the fluke (proximally) Teeth 22 24-24 The Teeth sharp & only slightly worn on the

10 prs. There is a gradual but rather prominent side of bridge in head outlining just in front of and above eye. The eye itself is very the eyelids small + deeply situated - does not budge outward as in the mystacoceti. The of opening is 3 inches lids are thick and heavy, there are two short semicircular creases, one one above + one below the eye. The general effect reminds me of an elephants' eye. Iris hazel brown. The ear is an elliptical opening, me circle 5in diameter (horizontal) sit- uated eleven inches behind and four inches below the eye. A good sized pencil could easily be inserted for its Entire length. (the E-- auditory ventricle as thus much larger than in the mystacoceti) Measurements Total length Ex. of head to notch) = 33' 11" Notch of foreles to center of lump = 13'-2" " " " " arms = 11'-1" " " " " travel = 18'-3" " " " " pectoral (post. and st.) = 23'-1" Ex.of head to eye. = 7'-4" " " " " corner mouth = 5'-10" " " " " post. inst. fin = 11'-3" Tip of mandible to corner of mouth = 4'-6"

166 Dist. between corners of mouth (belly): 2'-10" Eye to corner of mouth = 2'-4" " " blowhole (center) = 6'-8" Length blowhole (straight) = 12" " " " (curved) = 13" Cent. of blsnk to tip of mandible (closed) over the course of the side of head = 5'-8" Tip of lower jaw to ext. of head - when in center of head from line drawn up from lower jaw = 1'-6" Height back-up vertical center = Flinbes tip to tip = 9'-6" Ant- port breadth = 8'-0" Depth notch = 12" Eye to ear. = 11" " opening = 2" Ear " = 1" Fin tip to head humerus = 3'-5" " " " ant. wrist = 2'-10 " breadth greatest = 1"-8' The measurement from tip to port. dist. of fin is very unsatisfactory & can seldom be accurately taken, there- fore I have omitted it.

[contained a small foetus (preserved)] 167 no 58 sperm ♀ July 29/10 Airbawa Japan Dram - det on slip, whale had two "humps" color General color slate. There is a Crescent shaped patch in front of Genitalia as usual & gray extends up to the mid - lateral line. The gray patches are large & heavy. Many light gray flecks & dashes along sides, on the sides of its peduncle, and scattering lines of them obliquely forward on to the lower back. A few extend forward on its sides as far as pectorals. A few gray flecks & patches between pectorals on the breast. No light gray imme- diately about navel. A few light gray flecks on upper sides near & behind first hump. A small line of scattered rather large light gray marks from eye to blowhole. Lower two-thirds of extremity of head white mixed with gray - upper lips white & mandible white, its central portion thickly marked with longitudinal oblong small gray spots. Head & The outline of top of head from the Bark extremity & base of skull is slightly Outline concave - at base of skull there is a rise & from here to first hump back metrically very slightly concave;

168 from the first hump to the flukes the section of median ridge is a straight slight broken by swelling and a second "hump" just in front of flukes, which is as large as the first hump. Post. eye injured Flakes Throat creases The creases are very short or irregular and sometimes frequently- They occupy a space from the branch- ing of the mandibles to about one foot behind corners of mouth. They are only in the central portion on either side of the median "keel" and do not extend to corners of mouth. Blowhole The blowhole is situated in the center of a prominent ridge or swelling which rises abruptly on the left side of the head near the extremity, the ant- erior end of the blowhole is just 13 inches behind a line drawn across from the extremity of the head. Below the swelling of the blowhole on the left extremity of the head is a broad shallow but well marked depression which runs from the extremity of the head to about opposite the posterior end of the blowhole where it broadens out at its last. The thick upper wall

169 Feb. 23-23 of the blowhole is higher than the lower, (or that on the left side), and runs more ab- ruptly. On this specimen the blowhole is angled & does not have the shape seen in the former ones it is like this: Feb. 10 p.m, This animal seems to have a disproportionately short head. Where there is great difference in size between the male & females as found, care must be taken in the proportions of the body may also be expected. Measurements Total length Ex. of head to notch 41'-2" notch flicker barrier = 13'-3" " " navel = 22'-5" " " anterior dorsal hump = 16'-4" " " posterior " = 5'-4" " " post. mist, pectoral = 27'-10" Ex. of head to eye (straight) = 8'-5" " " corner of mouth = 7'-3" Tip mandible to " " = 5'-10" D ist. between coris.. " belns = 3'-7" Eye to " " = 2'-8" " Ear = 18" " above " = 3" " opening = 2.5" Ear " = 1" Eye to blowhole centre = 8'-2"

shimmer net ana gya furis maw 170 Ex. of head to post. wrist, pectoral = 13'-10" Length whole (2l.) = 1'-4" Fin tip to head humerus = 4'-2" " breadth = 2'-2" Flibes tip to tip = 11'-10" " depth notch = 13" " ant-post. breadth > 4' Height humup " .. = 7" Dist. between mammary slits = 11" Length " " = 14" no 5-9 Sperm ♀ July 29/0 (gws.) Aikawa Cot in the water at end of wharf. Color General color slate - little gray about trawl, but the light gray color is heavy along sides from opposite trawl to fin - a few white flecks on throat - light gray flecks along the inferior edge of the peduncle from anus & almost to fleckes. The whole lower half of head is light gray marked with very light gray dashes. Cross section of head is this: Teeth 0-0, anterior teeth 24-24 not above gum

Measurements of No 59 Total Length (by cutters) = 30' Flukes tip to tip = 8'-11" Notch to humip (center) = 14'-1" " " arms = - Height humips = 7" Et. of head to eye (straight) = 7'-10" " " " cor. 7 months = 6'-5" Tip mandible & " " = 4'-4" Eye to blowhole = 7'-6" Blushle (center) to tip of mandible closed = 3'-1" Length blowhole (straight) = 10" Blowhole anguler Fin tip to head humerus = 8'-6" " " breadth = 1'-7" No 60 Sperm ♀ July 29/10 Aikawa Japan This whale contained foetus no 60a. Color General color slate. The light gray color is in bands about 2 inches wide which run from genitalia's lower sides forward: then the sides go half way to pectorals and on these sides those bands end in a mass of fine dots which reach nearly to the pectorals and give a "jeffer salt" effect. The band on the ventral surface run from the genitalia to the navel coming together there in a point. These bands give a peculiar striped

172 Blindhole appearance to the whole Angular like no.9 only the angle is a true right angle L Eye The eye was preserved in alcohol. The eyeball has the shape of a wide ellipse almost round; its circumference is 17½ mil. (continued) The pupil is 20mil. in length and slightly crescent shaped. The iris is dark chestnut - its long diameter is 25 mil. There is then a narrow ring of bluish white, which is sharply differentiated from the outside elliptical ring of dark gray; The remainder of the eyeball is yellowish white. Teeth O-O No sign of upper teeth was 24-24 found by cutting into the gum. Measurements Total length (by cutters) = 31' Notch flukes to hump = 14'-1" " " " arms = 10'-7" Height hump = 8½" Ext. of head to eye = 7'-9" " " " corner of mouth = 6'-1" Tip of mandible to " " " = 4'-9" Dist. between " " " = 2'-11" Eye to Ear 12" " " corner of mouth = 2'-4" shapely humps.

173 No 60a Sperm Foetus & (Mother No 60) This animal was fully formed had their blubber, & heavy epidermal layers & gave every appearance of being ready for birth. I am sure it would have been born within a few days. Color General color of body light slate - a little lighter than of the adult. The entire lower section of the head, from a point a little behind and below eye to the shallow depression below the blow- hole is white tinged with grayish. An area at the base of the skull in a line with the blowhole is grayish white - From navel to armpits & a little way up on sides whitish, streaks of whitish along sides nearly joins. The entire lower parts from navel to a point about opposite eye are very light grayish. The [illegible] upper lips & edge of mandible pure white. Flukes Light slate like body; the left lobe below has a scattering line of white spots (small) from the anterior margin halfway across lobe - also on the outer edge. Right lobe unmarked. Body Outline Head outline has no concavity (it is a straight slant upward from extremity to base of proximal end. There is then a sharp dip at base of head and a slight

convexity to hump. From hump tail- ward to a short distance from flukes misstrain the body outline is a straight lateral plant broken slightly by four low corrugations - there is just one indication of a second hump -- and then the plant to the flukes is rapid. On the sides the flubber is 2 1/2 inches thick The bones were almost all fully ossified altho soft bone. The long axis of the scapula as it stands in position is vertical - the glenoid fossa is tipped forward at a slight angle - the acromion is quite deeply embedded. The center of the glenoid fossa of the scapula is exactly above the anterior edge of the sternum as they stand in position. Only the posterior half of the scapula lies on the ribs - the anterior half covers the space between the first rib and the base of the skull which in life is occupied by the [illegible] cartilage. The first rib articulates directly to the sternum; the next two -- have long sternal ribs which articulate to the sternum. The costal cartidges on the fourth and' fifth ribs are closely joined to the fourth articulates to the sternum but the

fifth does not reach by about an inch. The sixth & seventh costal ribs are close together distally but do not reach sternum. The 8th is very short and is only a point of cartilage. There are ten pairs of ribs, the last two being very short. The tube of the blowhole (which is lined with dark epidermis) runs along first under the bladder, and opens on the left side of the top of the head near the extremity. Directly below the blowhole tube is the case containing the more or less liquid spermaceti; the walls of this case are tough and fibrous. Below (directly) the spermaceti case is a second tube lined with gray epidermis which opens forward around the anterior end of the oil case into the blowhole. Posteriorly this second tube opens into a large, shallow upright chamber lined with epidermis, immediately behind which lies immediately behind the posterior end of the barrel-like spermaceti case. A tube the size of my finger leads from this shallow chamber into the posterior anal opening. The tube which leads to the upper blowhole tube which leads into the posterior nares

176 is the size of three fingers - much larger than the lower one. Under the oil case (below the second tube) is more sperma' is a solid condition, which is run thru with small filters. Pectorals The formula for the phalanges of one of the pectorals is as follows - I II III IV 5 5 4 2 Measurements Total length (straight) mil. = 395.0 " " over back = 405.0 Ext. of head to eye straight = 780 " " " cor. of mouth = 654 Tip of mandible " " " = 400 Corner to corner of mouth (below) = 307 " " of mouth to eye = 248 Eye to Umbrele (center) = 6.60 Cent. blowrble to tip of mandibles (closed) = 125 Ext. of head to post. most. fin = 133.0 Eye to ant. most. fin = 395 Length blowrble straight = 93 " " curved = 11.1 Eye to Ear = 135 " above " = 18 " opening = 33 Ear " = 4 Notch flicker's anus = 1400

177 notch flukes to navel = 2160 " " " penis = 1900 " " " post. insert, fin = 2790 " " " cut dorsal hump = 1660 Flukes tip to tip = 1010 " ant.-post. breadth = 505 " length right lobe axially = 605 " " left " " = 635 " depth notch = 105 height hump ventreal = 90 depth body at flukes inserted = 303 " " between " " + arms (making?) = 55-9 semi-cir. body at arms = 776 " " " in front of fins = 1000 " " " head at eyes = 950 dist. between ant.insert, fins below = 495 " " " post " " " fin tip to ant. insert's = 496 " " " post. " = 2951 " " breadth = 214

178 Go Hoped. 3 P.M. No61 Sei Whale ♀ July 30/10 Aikawa A strongly bluish whale, a white band runs from antriest fin down to back abruptly ending at mid ventral line about 1 ½ inches in front of furrows. This band is parallel with the ends of the furrows. Between this white band and the ends of fins no fold are dark gray, thus making a band of dark gray about 1 ¾ inches wide which is darker than the surrounding body parts and is the band else referred to in other descriptions. The white band is prominent in this specimen - in other whales I have seen it was only suggested From navel to genitalia ventral line is white - from genitalia to flukes ventral line is like sides of peduncle. Many small patches of white about genitalia, great number of white scars on peduncle sides. Thirteen folds under fins on right side are gray. About two feet anterior to flukes the gray markings cease leaving this plain blue gray. The dark blue gray of the dorsal ridge occupies just one quarter of the upper fourth of the peduncle and shades gradually into light blue gray. The grayish markings on dorsal quarter are scattered a very dark. Anterior & the

dorsal fin the dark blue gray occupies the upper one-third & shades into light blue gray on lower two-thirds. There are a few scattered gray markings over ventral line between navel & ends of flippers & a very few run over ante folds. Measurements Total length (by centers) 18'24

breast are tinged with pink. the folds of the belly have little pink -- are almost white. On the right side only the name is gray but the gray color spreads out backward on to 10 folds between corner or nearly tip. The pink in the furrows is deeper than that on the folds. There is a suggestion of the gray abdominal band but it stops far short of the ventral line and is only suggested. Top of foot clear blue slate -- there are two prominent but broken ridges on each side of the median ridge running parallel with it. These ridges begin opposite the heel and here each one is about 8 inches from the median ridge; at the tip of the snout where they end [illegible] each is about 2 inches from the median ridge. Ruder edges of snout for about one foot are pinkish Flukes Below have a narrow posterior edge of gray and rest of lower surface a delicate pink thickly lined with fine gray lines so that general effect is a little darker than sides of peduncle. The fine grayish lines run from anterior

edge in a curve across lobe curving intoward notch, on distal portion of lobe they come across from anter- ior edge & then turn sharply inward running along post edge. The general effect of pleura below is purplish-gray. Measurements. Total length 1285 = 42' - 2" Flukes tip to tip 348 = 11' - 5" " " left lobe axially 190 = 6' - 3" " " right " " 193 = 6' - 4" Height dorsal 31 = [illegible]2" With flukes to dorsal 368 = 12' - 1" " " " anus 366 = 12' " " " navel 5-5/6 = 18' - 3" " " " post. int., femur 9/4 = 30' Second to eye 229 = 9' - 2" " " " blowhole (center) 236 = 7' - 9" Fin tip to head humerus 178 = 5' - 10" " " " post. first, 120 = 3' - 11" " " " ant., " 157 = 5' - 2" " " breadth 35' = 1' - 2" Bluefin Light Fish

182 No.63 Sei Whale 7 Aug. 1/10 Oikawa Top of head all clear dark blue gray & show the same ridges running parallel on each side of median ridge that I described in last whale. They go clear to tips of snout. There is also on each side a deep crease about a foot long opposite the anterior half of the Whale. White throat & breast to a little in front of fins light gray - the furrows are dark gray and the folds lighter, On left ventral side

183 gray (lighter than sides) & a wide posterior edge dark gray also a very narrow anterior edge of dark gray above blue gray like headstock dorsal Blue gray [illegible] covers as is usual Measurements Total length by exellers L 1280 = 42' Flukes tip to tip L 303 = 9'-11" " " to dorsal L 376 = 12'-4" " " arms [illegible] = 11'-10" " " Jaws L 411 = 13'-6" Height dorsal L 28 = 11" Snout to eye L 270 = 8'-10" " " blowhole L 223 = 7'-[illegible]" Fin tip to head shimmereez L 175 = 5'-9" " " " post, mist, L 122 = 4' 0" " " " ant " L 152 = 5' 0" " width L 35 = 1' -2" Blubber a delicate pink

184 1030 A.M. Roko Maru No. 4 Finback 5 Aug 5/10 Oikawa Right ramsus x tip light gray except near tip which is white. The gray points which run up toward arms are not indicated: On the left side the dark gray color runs into the 4th furrow from the median axis at the top of the fins. The curve of upper edges of pectorals down to plebes is more abrupt than that of lower edge Urine light amber Angle of flukes with body axis Ribs 13 per ribs Measurements Total length = 6'9" Notch flukes to eye = 48'-10 " " " arms: 16'-9" " " " paws: 21'-6" " " " naval: 27'-8" " " " dorsa: 14'-10" " " " pectoral: 40'-5" Fin tip to head humerus = 5'-3" " " " and. wrist: 7'-4" " " " pawt " 3'-7" " breadth 21'-10" Height dorsal > 1'-5" Snout to eye = 12'-11" Ant. part, breadth flukes = 3'-7" Eye to ear = 2'-11" Single longest whalebone = 3'-3" Single white portion of baleen = 2'-10"

Sei Whales Color Aug. 2nd & 3rd spent outside on the w/s

and the line where the two colors met was well marked. A band of dark gray as broad as forearm, insert of fin & end of fins very & of uniform breadth, extended across & back obliquely almost to central line. Nos. 67 & 48 had the throat furrows all dark gray. The folds of the throat & breast were not pink but white. The general color of the body was much darker than that of Nos.1 & 2 No. 67 had a broad area or the abdomen clear mouse gray. When'd from above the whales would look like this: The under side of the flukes of Nos 1 & 2 were very light grey almost white & lined as usual.

"The Taipei" 3:30 P.M. 187 note 9 Sei Whale 5 Aug 5/10 Akahara Nikuyama Throat folds white - Right [illegible] up, eight gray shading into pinkish white on lower portion of promences. Flukes at about the same angle as at Fairbach. Total (by exellers) Flukes to dorsal " " anes. Snout to eye " " blowhole Height dorsal = 48' - 4" = 14'-2" = 11"-11" = 9'-3" = 7'-1" = 1'-6" 1473 432 363 282 216 46 Notes on a foetal Sei Whale 8'-6" long taken from a female 48 ft. long killed Aug 5/10 (untwists). The blowholes are situated between and ab two prominences which meet anteriorly, forming a V. By inserting my finger in the blowhole [illegible] and pressing downward & forward enough to open the exterior nasal passages, the prominences at the sides & in front of the nostrils were considerably raised. This must be the position taken assumed during the expir- ation, as the expulsion of the breath opens the interior nasal passages. By spreading the nostrils until they looked the form of a wide ellipse wheel, as shown by my photos, as their cent- iron during inspiration, both edges raised slightly of the blowholes were raised, the inner

lightly of the outer greatly, I believe therefore that the only difference in the position of the nostrils during the two respiratory acts is that the adjacent edges are raised to a greater extent because of the wider opening of the nostrils during inspiration than during expiration. I am aware that this view is contrary to the position taken by me in a recent paper, however I can convince that this is correct. Before I had not examined this a whale with this end in view. No 70 Sei Whale 3 Aug 18/10 Albina 5 p.m. Goit Vigei Entire throat ventral breast & abdomen light pink-furrows deep pink- between corners mouth ofins seven folds as light gray- then a wide pink unmarked space under fin & opposite middle offin had back a short light gray band running obliquely down& back - Ventral line pink to about 6 ft. in front of flukes- Navel at end of furrows - This whale had a great quantity of partly digested fish in its stomach, Capt. Andersen told me it was pursuing a school of small fish when he killed it - The fish were said to be sardines. Total length (with cutters measure) = 41'-6

189 measurements of Sperm whales taken at Akana, Japan during season of 1909 Sperm 60 ♂ July 21 " 25 " 25 " 27 " 40 ♀ " 43 ♂ " 40 ♀ Nine sperm taken at Oginohama but were not measured during 1909 In all the whales which I have examined of all species, there was considerable differences in body proportions viz. in the relation of the circumference to its length. Some whales were very "thick" others being long & slender comparatively. 8-20 A.M. No 72 Sperm whale ♀ jaws, Aug 20/10 - Akana Rocks Main Ventral surfaces are pinkish - throat, breast, abdomen & ventral line of finculament & furces - an other side of throat a few furcous near dark gray, but most all pink. Total length = 30' - 10" 940' Flukes & naval = 13' - 5" " " anna = 8' - 2" 245' Flukes (until to tip's along part edge) : 3' 11" = 119' " " tip' 2. tip' (estimated) = 7' 8" = 234 Swant to eye = 6' - 1" = 185' fin breadth = 11" = 28 " " blade = 4' - 10" = 14'/want at end of Height dorsal = 10" = 25' furcous Fin tip to ant wrist. : 3' - 11" = 119' " " " pit " " = 2' - 9" = 84'

190 Notes on Humpback Skeleton No 2 S. D. This specimen was saved for me, but the skull was so badly broken by a blow from one of the harpoons that I decided not to send it to New York. Vertebral C D Ca Formula 7 14 33 = 54 I am certain this formula, but could not be same of the lumbar units. Cervicals 14 for rules The atlas is free. c[1] has a low spine, a thick transverse processes which extend directly outward. The metapophyses are low, thick & tubercle-like. The axis & 3rd cervical are arkylosed by their neural arches, the centra being free. The axis has upper lower transverse processes; on the right side these are arkylosed to form a ring; on the left side they do not meet there being a space of so rule between their distal ends. The transverse processes are directed outward & somewhat backward; the neural spine is a low ridge. The 3rd cervical has a slender upper process & a thick, about lower pro-cess directed strongly downward. The lower [illegible] the 5th is the last vertebra with a lower transverse process. The upper processes become thicker as they go backward. The spines of the 4th & 5th vertebrae are very low & small, that of the 6th is higher &

they then all rise gradually, All the cervical except the 2nd & 3rd are fixed. atlas measurements of atlas mml. Height vertical anterior face = 360 Breadth greatest across trans. proc. = 680 " across articular facets for occipital condyles = 395 axis Axis Height greatest = 370 Breadth " across trans. proc. = 830 Length upper trans. proc. (from face) = 250 " lower " " " " (.Left side) = 140 Breadth of articular facet for axis = 423 skull skull mme Length palateine = 710 Straight Breadth " = 320 Length maxilla from tip to base below = 2900 " skull straight below (tip to base of condyles) = 3710 " rostrum " = 2870 Straight Breadth " at middle (over curve) = 840 Length nasal = 265 Breadth of orbital process or frontal at orbit greater = 360 " " " " " inside orbit = 320 Distance from proximal end of maxilla (at nose) to the distal end of its orbital projection = 1135 Breadth across occipital condyles = 425 curved Depth of " " = 320 " Greatest breadth skull [squamosal] obtained by adding to the left side the dist. that the squamosal projects beyond the frontal process on the right] = 2110 + 100 = 2210 total

192 The ends of the premaxillae do not reach within [illegible] The proximal ends of nasals & maxillae are almost opposite each other - the maxillae do not quite reach the end of the nasals. The proximal ends of the premaxillae extend to about the same proximal ends of the nasals. The proximal ends of the nasals maxillae & premaxillae are almost in a line with each other. The former is variable between the maxillae below - also between the palatines, but very slightly at their proximal ends. Measurements of whales taken at Aikawa during 1910 - measured by Curtis. All measurements should be discounted about 3 feet. Apr. 29 Finback 61♀ April 30 Finback 54♂

May 3 Sperm ♂ 5'2 ♀ May 3 Sperm 49 ♀ May 3 Sperm 46 ♀ May 7 Fairbairn 60 ♀ about travel & genitalia May 10 Fairbairn 64 ♀ up on sides as far as mid-lateral May 11 Fairbairn 66 ♀ line. The white remains forward May 14 Fairbairn 63 ♀ to a couple of feet beyond navel & May 17 Fairbairn 61 ♀ is in wide bands or stripes, speckled June 10 Fairbairn 47 ♀ with fine gray dots - white also June 13 Fairbairn 63 ♀ extends backward to anus - a large June 13 Fairbairn 64 ♀ grayish patch at ant. base of dorsal hump. June 14 Fairbairn 48 ♂ The sides & flanks back above its mid-lateral June 17 Fairbairn 62 ♀ line are unmarked - no flecks of lighter June 19 Fairbairn 67 ♀ color. Forever half of sides of head ere's June 19 Sei, 43 ♀ crossed with fine white streaks & speckled June 20 Fairbairn 60 ♂ with white - ext. of head flecked with June 23 Sei 47 ♂ light gray. As a whole the whale June 24 Sei ♂ 5'0 foreseen less white than usual. June 24 Sei ♂ 48' Blubber is "crackled" on sides to pectoral June 26 Sei ♂ 46 smooth from pectoral to eye - "crinkles" June 29 Fairbairn 70 ♀ extend up or upper sides & back June 29 Sei ♂ 46 as far forward as opposite eye - ribs June 29 Fairbairn ♀ 68 wrinkles end about 3ft. in front of plebs, July 3 Fairbairn 5'4 ♀ or sides. Fins unmarked. July 3 Fairbairn ♂ 61 No evidence of upper teeth July 7 Fairbairn 71 ♀ Total length = 39'-6" Fairbairl: 2'-1" July 7 Fairbairn 71 ♀ Blubber pectoral = 24'5" Six individuals July 9 Sei, 5'1 ♀ " " hump: 15'3" in school. July 12 Fairbairn 5'0 ♀ " " arms: 12'3" July 12 Fairbairn 5'6 ♂ " " pectoral = 17'3" Height hump: " " Ext. of head to eye (R) = 10'-10" Ipo jaws & cor. of mouth: 6'-8" Fin at top of head humerus: 4'-3" " " ant. vert: 3'-6"

194 July 16 Finback ♀ 5½ July 15 Finback ♀ 70 July 15 Finback ♀ 62 July 17 Finback 5-5 ♀ July 18 Black whale ♂ 63 July 19 Sei 5-1 ♂ July 20 Sei ♀ 5-0 July 20 Finback 64 ♀ July 21 Finback 69 ♀ July 22 Sei whale ♀ 5-2 July 23 Finback ♀ 63 H. July 23 Spermaceti ♀ 47 July 23 Spermaceti 37 ♀ No 73 ♂ Sei whale Aug 22/10 Total length = 39' Intermediate between class I & III Difereated Also one which I found on the beach from a Sei whale Sei whale first ribs. The first ribs of the Sei whale which I saw Tilborus, was bifurcated; also one which I am bringing from another whal Two sperms July 28/10 with me Capt. M. Jacobsen killed two Sperma whales (small) harpoon with me harpoon. The harpoon went there the first of was fast nears the second which was close beside it. [This story was vouched for by two gunners but I am certain it is impossible for sperms are too hard to get fast too] Bottleouse July 20/10 Capt. Olsen saw many Bottlenose Whale today 73 ♂ 9/10geni No. 72 Sei whale ♀ Aug 20/10 Between class I & III A very dark whale - vertical line from genitalia to femur gray like sides of pelmacle. The gray being from fin to end of fumour is but slightly enpliept Central breast form offsite and fin insertion to offsite tip of fin has back has folds pink & fumours deep pink. From tip of fin tail talkts to novel abdomen is gray tinged with pinkish - the whale oblique light line from fin dorso & body is absent - res blivish try to catch - Right lower growth dark gray shading into lighter gray in narrows. 12 fold under higher fin gray - Entire thorax broad & but... first 7 fings has fold gray tinged with pink & furthor lowr Dee dark gray left lower tip dark gray shding into a little lighter gray or narrows - no much difference between right & left lip & ram, novel at end of peasons Total length = 43'-2"=13'15½" Fluberts part. first pectoral = 29-7' '' tip to tip = 10'-6"320 This whale '' a dorso = 12'-10"39½ & had bifurcated /depth dorso = 12"=31 first rib. ground to eye = 8'-10"269½ '' below ribs = 6'-10"209 Fin tip thead humerous = 5'-9"175½ '' '' ant. inst. = 5"15-2" '' past '' = 3'-10"=11½ '' breadth = 1'-3"=38⅛

Finback See no 22 for good external description Color Fins See Whale no. 23 for this drawn by Keller Asteroids Colors deep blue, & other shades to green blue—some olive greener. The red of various shades from brilliant red to carmine — The others of yellowish white mingled with purple. All taken June 12/10 at Albany bay. A young Finback taken at Albany June 14/10 48 ft. long & has 58 breast folds — The pectorals above had the entire anterior edge white — the dark gray pedunculate fins were almost absent only one showing which ran down for a short distance exactly opposite the tip of the fin and back — I found one of the usual parasites on this animal. See whale description For good description of Sei whale color see No 38 ♂ Finback Eye markings For markings about eye & ear of Finback see no. 37 ♂ Finback white tailen See Whale no's 4 for absence of white talleen absent.

196 a new parasite long was brought in at Aibawa & on whales the body was the host of a parasite which I had never seen on whales before, nor have I known of its record. For some time past I have recorded the presence of white & gray "scars" on ~~the sides~~ ~~entire body~~, but especially the sides of the peduncle, of Blue, Finback & Sei whales. These scars usually are in the form of oblong spots composed of fine heavy lines radiating outward from a common center. Like this - I have observed them most frequently on Finbacks, & Sei whales; and they were present on nearly all of the Finbacks ~~t~~ which I observed in Alaska & Vancouver I.d., although not such a great extent as in the Japan whales. I was sure ~~caused by~~ this was a parasite of some sort but only had never seen the animal before. On this whale a great many were present and there were many scats in different stages - some containing the parasite & some almost healed. The ~~largest~~ parasite apparently fastenes to the skin & travels a short distance forward going deeper ~~leaving a white mark in its track~~ until it meets the blubber as it proceeds; This is the whole central

Length of skeleton Length of skull (straight) Breadth .. greatest : Length of rostrum . : Breadth .. " at middle : Length of mandible (27) : " .. " crossed : Breadth slightly least : " .. " greatest : Length of scars line of the scar. The fine wavy lines which radiate out from the center are apparently formed during the healing process after the parasite has left the host. At the bottom of each scar which contained a parasite was a sac containing more or less pus. The parasites were embedded about 1/2 inches in some, & in others had travelled a semi-circular course appearing again about 2 inches from the point of entrance. The parasites are about 8 inches long with a transverse "head" which embeds itself in its tubercles. (They can be described later as many were preserved.) They could be pulled out with difficulty. They were most plentiful on sides of pelvis but were on top of rostrum, lips & back as well - few on the breast folds. Some of the scars were irregular & branching white lines & did not have the wavy transverse lines radiating out from them - the majority however were of the oblong type. The scars on the Blue & Sei whales are caused by this same parasite I saw seen see above There is however a different parasite which affects the Blue Whales which I believe to be a curled, curled, set leaves a cup shaped depression, sometimes lined with a membrane having a granular surface. This seems to be mostly on Blue Whales - at least I have not seen it on Fin-Whales or Sei Whales. I remember of having seen an Elephantine in Alaska which has the same scars as I have described below - probably caused by the same parasite! See above 23-24 197

198 in British Museum is a skull of Megaptera from California. Finback One barnacle (Coronula) was present on with barnal the tip of the head of a Finback 42 ft long & taken at Urbana Janry. This same whale had sustained an injury appar- ently to the upper surface of its sword. The epidermis was in the form of round "islands" about .4 inches in diameter - sometimes isolated - some- times the edges touching. These were situated on a yellowish white gran- ular surface - This was also present in one or two places near eye. It may have been caused by a parasite of some sort, but I believe it was from external injury. The whole tip of its head was marked with long, narrow whitish streaks which were apparently scratches. Finback Pteralens? had a pink spot on breast - I observed this same thing on one or two Dan. Finbacks.. Porpoises While in Alaska (1908) I several times saw in Alaska schools of a black & white striped dolphin which I am certain was Lagenorhynchus cranger. I was close to them & had good opportunities for observation.

The g... adult. Finback white part of balen The length of the white portion of the balen now in Finbacks is necessarily of somewhat indefinite determination, in some individuals, transeially, between the light & dark portions, was abrupt - in others there was a gradual shading off from the white into the dark. the plates of transite's having half their external edges white & half dark. length of balen plate All of my measurements of "Length of largest portion isy balen" are taken along the inside of the plate from the gunn to the tip not including the wristles. length of longest balen plate Drew does not state how this measurement was taken in his specimens. Finback? Finana sternum The sternum of an adult [illegible] which I photographed at Aikawa Japan is most nearly of the shape of Fig. 21 page 141 True's "whalebone whales." It is half way between Fig. 21 (page 141) & 49 (page 187) Finback skin The outer layer of the epidermis of Finback is much thicker than that of either Blue, Finback or Sei whale.

Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 6 4 1 29 # 37 3# 21 19 16 14 11 #8 15 J 3-31 # 28 26 23 29 18 16. 13 16 17 9 Capt Jacobs Jacobson Humpbacks Capt Jacobson & his son both believe the Humpback to be the most widely dis- tributed of the large whales. All the whaling captains say that the Humpbacks & Blue Whales are the first to leave the hunting grounds -- thus as they are frightened away much quicker than the Sei Whales & Finbacks. Schools Sperm whales They tell me that here at Rekawa in August & Sept. The Sperm whales are in schools of from 100 & 500 inside islands. Capt Jacobson & his father both agree that in these two months many times one will find schools of five or six females & only one big bull sperm. Jacobson Petroires Capt Jacobson tells me that he sees many porpoises outside near Rekawa & that he recognizes at least three kinds every of which does not have a dorsal fin. Probably this is finless porpoise. Ellefson Sei whales Capt. Ellefson says that the Sei Whales here are larger than those at Norway. All gunners agree that they look the same as the Norwegian Sei scimens.

24. $ 10 gal $ 3.33 Blue Devil Fish =} White " " } Ordinary " :} White fin whales size from ant aids manner taken frozen bleached 5.00 4.00.0 20 Rb't. Colley On the external channels of Philadephia, Perqual B. boraleo season. P.J.S. 1856 pp. 243-263-pls. 25-26 27 3.3 H. Ellefsen Skjulestok Stokke stt. Norway Gundersen v.g A. Kitterson Nilsson v.g M. Hansen .g H. Haassen n.g O. Bogen N. Skontorv v.g H. Ellefsal g F. Olsson v.g A.E. Hekrum v.g. Peter Jacobson g M. Jacobson g Schleson N. Bogen .g J. Jorgensen g AS. Samualsen g C. Larsen v.g. Y. E. Andersen v.g. F. Gjertsen n.g A. Augustinie v.g Nielsen g Finback 1 can 2.38 40 can 40 lbs Winter Finbacks 60 ft meat about $ 5 or 6.00 winter Sei 45-ft worth $16.00 winter Humpback worth 40 ft. $6.00 winter Blue 75-ft. worth 4.000 or 5.000 - 85-ft about $ 8.000 Winter Sperac 40ft. worth $ 25.00 - about same in summer also because meat not good to eat. summer Sei whale about 5.00yen Finback 15.00-18.00 gushi Fingeradra/Kaisha Toda/Hogen Kaisha Kissurak Katsushiki/Kashi Kamaishi Y.E. Andersen Aarostund Parod Jr. Tonsberg Norway S.Samualsen O'arliek Nattero jr. Tonsberg Norway Sei to eye " " dorsalis " " pectoral " " dorsal Pectoral tip to hummus " " wrist th. dorsal height Flukes tip to tip Arms 20.6 18.4 33.2 77.1 12.2 2.9 2.14 22.4 Europe 20.1 18.1 33.4 76.0 12.5 2.9 2.3 20.1 Japan 20.8 17.4 33.7 76.0 12.2 2.9 2.1 22.4

"sometimes, as high as $75.00" "Humpback meat bet of all about 3.00 els bareen in one Blue Whale 12 4 3/2 " 70 or 80 " " " See 4 8 6 " 3.00 els " " " Friedback " 1.00 " " " Humpback " 25 or 30, " " " Cal. Gray Whale Paleen 100 els Blue whale worth 8 yen Oriental Whaling Co 100 " Friedback " 10-" 100 " Sei whale " 3 " (min rare) 100 " " " " " " 100 " Cal. Gray " " 740 100 " Beqhet " " 420 " (writer) to eat 100 els fresh blueblu worth 4 yen Blue whale " " " " " Friedback " " " " " Humpback " " " " " 7 Pal worth 100 els about 8 yen of all whales. (writer) to eat 100 els fresh red meat worth 12, yen of all whales wages of Gunners $100 to 200 per mo. writer Oct. to April. according to rating : Bonus; Blue, Humpback + Friedback = $5. of gunner. Sperm Sei + Cal. Gray = $40 Summer @ et. 1st to Apr. 12th, Bonus: Blue Friedback + Humpback = $40 Sperm Sei whale = $32 Cutters get wages by $13 to $15 per mo. & board Bonus whole length of 60 ft = .50 yen " shorter " " i. " = .25 yen Cutting Forman gets wages $78 per mo. sta 18 da at Akawa 18 Toyo Hogei Kabushiki Kaisha 2 Kiususan Kabushiki " 3 Fujimura Goshi " 2 Tosa Hogei Domei " at Ogino-kama 2 Nagai Susuan Kabushiki Kaish 3 Wato Gyozo " " Toyo Hogei sla 12) Wainkora Sussusan Kabi / Kaisha 3) Nagato Hogei " "

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