Field notes, central Kentucky, 1898

'98 CENTRAL KENTUCKY. If found, sent to Aug. F. Foerste 1017 W. Grand Ave. Dayton. Oliv. Send by mail. Will pay $1.00 for this service. A2 60 K2258

W.F. Pate, Boyle County.- Alum Springs. 3 mi. West of Junction City. [199] A few hundred yards west of the station a road starts northward. In the northeast angle made by this road and the road following the south side of the rail road lies a field showing exposures of rock. A hill occupies the center of the field, and a small stream skirts it on the east and north. The exposures are along this stream and also on the western side of the hill. Alum Springs Cine. Strike N 70 E dip about 10 S [illegible] chert concretions with fossils stratified bed with fossils

In the stream bed south of the hill, and along the north western lens of the hill the densely fossiliferous Cincin- nati &mp shaly limestones (Pulham beds) are well exposed. Thickness probably 30 feet. The Columnaria bed and the Madison beds were not present. A small thickness of thin arenaceous shaly limestone, evenly bedded, is exposed, north east of the hill, east of the stream. Its geological loci- gic is unknown but I am inclined to regard it as the beginning of the following period. Thickness possibly 6ft. About 100 feet south of the Last Cincinnati Group by- passes on the west side of the hill and also at a point near the fence, east of the creek near the house, are exposures of a brownish arenaceous limestone rock which contains numerous small fragments of fossil shells. A well preserved valve of Orthus bifurcatus with about 5 articulations in the me- dian fold was seen in the same west of the hill, and a less perfect fragment of the same shell was seen east of the creek. At both ex- pasures, fish remains occur. This suggests erosion of rock down to Richmond beds previous to deposition of presumably Devonian rocks. Thickness 13 in. Not continuous exposure of similar rocks, west of hill - 9 feet. Along the south west side of the hill and also east of the stream, a dark blue rock forming massive even bedded layers was once quarried. It has a very archaeaus appearance and very irreg- ular crumpled folding planes lined occasionally with concentrically quartz masses may through the ex- posed surfaces of the rock in the quarried faces

The lower part of this series east of the creek shows fish remains. The coral clambrecid Crus galli occurs in this bed. At various levels corals occur in the rock. They are more common near the top. At the top of the well stratified series profound concretary masses of chert with spirifer with radiating plications & eteise, Derwilum and corals such as Cystiphyllum Dervinia form it. Total thickness measured 17 feet with the chert in the upper 2 feet. Massive strata, weathering dark brown externally, interior it has the appearance of irregularly angular fragments embedded in a cement. The stone does present sharply defined stratification plane, or rather no stratification at all could be observed so that it had a very volcanic appearance, but it enclosed the same corals as those found in the bedded rocks immediately below. Thickness 8 1/2 feet. Continuing this aspect of the Devonian rock, the total thickness of the Deruvian here is about 6 + 1 + 9 + 17 + 8 1/2 = 42 feet Overlying the Deruvian is the Black shale, the source of the alum spring water. In the black shale about 15 feet above its base occur thin calcareous layers with Discret Singula. The "volcanic looking" phase of the Deruvian does not make its appearance along the creek and the exposures are confined to the south west corner of the field. I started by being alert to make of it but it is probably only a very massive bed.

Nelson County - Bardstown East of town, along the Creek 48 An east and west road runs through the town, past the Court House. East of the town it turns northwest, and crosses the creek. A hundred feet south of the bridge Tetradi-nina minima is found in a soft blue clayey bed about 1 foot thick. This is the high- est unquestionably of Lower Silurian age. Above the Tetradima bed is found 1 foot of thin bedded shaly limestone, very charac- teristic of this horizon even where the underlying clay does not contain Tetradi-ma. It is well exposed at Buffalo Creek, two miles west of Bardstown. Above the shaly limestone lie 25 feet of a clayey, or fine grained areaceous looking limestone of brownish color. The lower 5 feet are not as well bedded as the overlying portion, and no fossils have been found determining their age.

48 cont The overlying 17 feet 4 inches are undoubtedy of Clintonage. The limestone is here well bedded, and often quite calc- careous to as to have a whit-ish color, especially along the upper surface of many of the layers. In parts of the section these Clinton beds are so re-naceous and so thinly bedded, as to resemble very much the banded Madison rocks. At various levels the Clinton limestone cuts away lenses and nodules of chert, es-pecially along the upper surface of the various layers, and on the upper surface of this chert all the fossils are found. The upper 2 feet 8 inches of the limestone is again un-fossiliferous. It is more-a-re-naceous, has a light brown color, and breaks in-to irregular small blocks. It seems to form a sort of transition to the lower Co-good shale and corresponds probably to the basal Nia-gara of the Indiana section. 9 48 cont The fossils of the undoubted Clinton are best exposed on all of the bridge or the right side of the stream as far north as the Clinton exposed. Most of the fossils occur in the upper third of the Clinton. Orthus flabella and Orthus bifurcata occur very sparingly in the lower two thirds. Orthus flabella is considered characteristic of the Clinton. The following is a list of the Clinton fossils seen: Dalm anites Wortlineri, pyg. Illacenus ancligenus 6 pyg. " " " Daytonensis 1 pyg. (in calcareous Clinton) Orthus flabella Orthus bifurcata Orthus elegatula Streptoclema, flat, raised beak as in Dayton Clinton. Plectamunites sericea with distant raised plication. Plectamunites sericea, very curves and warin as in southern Clinton. Rhizodontia medium, small. Farnity Niagarensis, medium large, large Crabrum.

48 cent [illegible] found 17 ft 4 in below the upper part of. Spirifera Clinton horizon. I immediately overlying the fossil found Clinton are between 2 and 3 feet of light brown arenaceous lime- atone, breaking up into pieces 4 to 6 in. square a end. lm. Above this lie the Spier Osmond clayey shales. The ladder rock, between the clayey shale and the Clin- ton is perfectly the equiv- alent of the basal Niagara of Indiana sections. The total thickness of the basal Niagara and the same Osmond shale is here 38 feet 4 inches. This thickness was measured on the eastern side of the creek, where the road, after turning southward from the bridge, bends to the east. The clayey shale is best ex- posed on the eastern side of the creek half way between the turn bridge and the rail- road bridge, when the creek crosses the road. The shale 48 cent in here seem to be very clayey, is composed of fine fissile a shaly layers, and varies in color from brown to dark blue, purple, and green below. The same richly colored parts are banded with those colors. The Osmond limestone is a brown arenaceous limestone due to the weathering out of the more calcareous ingredi- eats. Its thickness is 1 foot 4 inches. It is firmly strati- fied. The fossils found in it are: Calymene Blumenbachia, pygidium + glabellum. Platyistoma Miagarense, alittle below medium or Stephanura reductidalis; Stephanura with raised beaks or flat valve and medium sized plication, as in Dayton Clinton. Spirifer Miagarensis, smooth with medium fold and sinuos. Ferestella, fine branches, com- mon.

The Upper Ozark clay or shale is 2 feet 8 to 10 in this thick. The upper part is more shaly; the lower part is harder and merges into the Ozark lime. it one, from which it is sepa- rated by distinct. The following fossils were found in it: Atropa reticularis, rather abundant. Meristennid shell, smooth, finely striated. Collected, Spirifer 10 Jelicatino=run trum in Crispia. Trans- verse striations sharp. See drawings in Two note book. The upper Ozark beds are exposed at the road [illegible] corner southeast of the bridge. In the base of the Laurel Limestone at the same lo- cality were found the fol- lowing fossils: Atropa reticularis Spirifer crispus. The Laurel Limestone is ex- pored along the road on the tann side. Its total thickness is at least 35 feet and possibly 40 feet or mo more thick. It is extensively quarried just east of Clermont in Bul dit County. Here the upper 24 feet of the Laurel lime- stone are extensively qua rried, but the quarries have been sunk to depths of 30 feet at times. The bedding of the limestone is good, its color is light blue and it much resembles the quarry stone of Percee Valley and Louisville. Along the top of the quarried site near Clermont is found a 11 foot layer of thin clay shales, probably the equivalent of what I have called the Waldron shale, in southern Indiana. Above these shale just east of Clermont, we see formerly quarried at least 25 feet of a very dolomitic gray carbonous limestone, closely resembling the magnesian limestone of Springfield Almo. It cuts across Stratum arms old argus, a little small ler and more resistant than the ordinary Pentamerus

of Burgess of Ohio, at the very base of this limestone is a fine shaly limestone cut containing Bryozoa of various genera, similar to the Waldron types. The dolomitic limestone is just by what I have called the Lewerville limestone else- where. 48 cont at the bridge east of Bardstown, the clay shale with Tetradium graduates down- ward into a harder gma, sive clay rock. The thick- ess of the sifter and is 3 ft 10 inches, and the harder rock below is 7 feet thick. The harder rock is the equivalent of the Waldin- sun rock. Similar hard clayey rocks occur at still lower levels 50 This is best seen 2 miles west of Bardstown, west of the bridge, where the total thickness of the Waldstein is seen to be about 11 feet. Including the rock beneath the thin shaly limestone, first below the Tetradium 15 horizon, the total thickness would be 15 feet. Immediately below this level are 23 feet of thin, very fossiliferous limestone, the Richmond limestone beds, cut carrying a great variety of fossils. From 13 feet down to 16 feet below the top of this Richmond series, colummaria is very com- mon, forming often large bundles. Beatricea occurs as- cordially. 6 feet are not exposed. The 6 feet below this are exposed in the creek bed, and con- sist of hard, blue, almost unfossiliferous, clay limestone.

Oldham County. Pee wee Valley vicinity 17 5 About 2 miles east of Pee wee Valley is Floydshurg. Half way between Floydshurg and Rod- man's Fork on the road to Todd's Point, on the south side of the road, is the Alexander Sim- clair farm. The exposures are in an open field and prom- ise but little as seen from the road but the following very interesting section was made out. The Clinton is 8½ inches thick. It varies from coarsely crino- idal and dark blue brown color to a finer grained light red rock. The latter phase of the rock is siliceous, and is more common. On weathering it turns to a dirty fine grained siliceous rock leaving a less calcareous ap- pearance. Similar varieties were seen at Points in Clark county, Indiana. The fossils found are: Strophomena rhena- bivalvis, Orthus flabella, Atropka marginalis, Hamuntype Cruziana, Segellia fe, Favosites Niagaraensis, Holopezites catenulatus.

and Steplearum. Exploring the Clinton were at least several inches of basal Niagara. The top of the Lower Oswego shale is well exposed, and is found 17 to 20 feet above the Clinton. The upper 15 inches of this horizon are formed by a hard clay rubble, but the part beneath is shaly. The Oswego limestone is 3 feet 8 inches thick. It is a dense limestone, breaking irregularly. The Upper Oswego shale is 5 ft 6 inches thick, and disintegrates into a blue clay. One foot of the Laurel lime- stone is exposed in this part of the field. At Patrick Fitz- gerald's quarry, half way between Perrie Valley and Beard's station, along a road leading south from the railroad nearly 20 feet of Laurel limestone are ex- posed. Beginning 8 1/2 feet from the base of the quarry several chert layers, very tin run between some of the limestone beds. 5 mft Below the Clinton at the Sinclair farm are 8 feet of the dark blue dense limestone layer with Orthoceras, Mon- cherzina & cumelli and the other fossils found in the cor- responding bed at Madison. This is the most southern ex- posure so far seen. Only the top of the Madison beds are exposed in the field, but farther down the same road, beyond Rodman's Fork, at least 13 feet of very typical banded Mad- ison rock are exposed, at a level some eight once be- low the dense lime layers men- tioned above. And just before reaching Floyd's Fork, 25 feet of very typical banded Madison rock are exposed. just before or About 2 feet lower down is a layer of bluish calcareous but rather soft stone with Orthis occidentalis and Bryza. The bed of Floyd's fork is 18 feet below.

Tobbles occur in the rock in the stream bed at the first road corner beyond Floyd's Fork. The exact geological horizon is not tknown but is probably Lower Silurian, below the Clinton. The largest pebble is 1 1/2 inches long. The color of the pebbles is bright blue 10 At the next road corner going a little west of south is Flat Rock Church. In the stream west of the church the Clinton is exposed. It is two feet thick, and its color is reddish, which resembles that at Sinclair's farm. Two feet lower down is the very fine grained dark blue limestone layer with gas stripped, which blue is especially crowded with by grains. Further down the stream the typical Madison rock is exposed. 11 Going from Flat Rock Church 2 miles westward and then 1/3 mile northward, the farm of Levi Collins is reached. Here the Clinton on the road side is reddish varying to silicious and is 2 feet thick. 8 Half a mile further north, in a stream bed west of the road in the Ike Collins farm, just south west of Jim Ward's farm house, the Salurian colored Clinton is exposed. It is here 5 feet to 5 feet 4 inches thick. This re- markable increase in the thickness of the Clinton seems to be accom- pañied by a similar increase in the thickness of the Lower Osgood shale, judging from exposures just south of the Jim Ward house but my measure- ments were made. Exposures here are favorable for a section including rocks up to the Sau- nel formation. Frequent ex- posures of Clinton occur on the road returning to Pewee Valley.

Oldham Co- La Grange. 23 (1) About half way between LaGrange and Pendleton the Clinton is exposed on both sides of the rail- road track. Two hundred yards further south is the bridge cross- ing the railroad track leading to Mrs. Whalen's house. The Clinton is here 22 inches or 2 feet thick, and contains some more recognized species of all ages, not well exposed, but Streptelasma conicula? The Clinton is finegrained red- dish, weathering to light brown, siliceous, and contains lenses of finer grained limestone, and lullers filled with calcite. Beneath it are 13 inches of a solid rock corresponding to the transition rock of Wadvern sections. Its precise horizon- equivalence is unknown. For 9 feet above the Clinton there are no exposures. Then, further southward, 2 feet 8 inches of blue clayey shale are seen, form- ing the top of the Lower Oxford shale, the total thickness being therefore about 11 feet 8 inches. In a 2 member harder, some calcareous layer 1 foot from

the top, Atrypa reticularis is found. The Ozgood limestone is well exposed north of the Whaleridge on the north side of the railroad. It total thickness is 7 feet 8 inches, and consists of a drab colored limestone, parts of it not very well bedded. About 3 feet 8 inches above the base, at the most northern part of the exposure, rather large specimens of Atrypa reticu- laris are rather common. At the junction with the Lower Ozgood shale was found the crude flat Streptelasma? or common in the Ozgood lime- stone near Ozgood Indiana and elsewhere, also Strephm. cera plumbridalis and Atry- pa reticularis. The Upper Ozgood shale con- sists of 3 feet of blue clayey clay, with thin limestone layers intercalated, with the clay and the thin limestone con- taining fossils. Orthis eleg antula, small Rhyrchamella, 2 raised plica, times, 1 in depression Indiana? Atrypa reticularis Streptelasma cancellum? found. cont Orthis flabella with rather num- erous plicatus, Strephlasmna plumbridalis, rather small Spifer Viragensis? collected, and Spifer rizza small also occur in the Upper Ozgood shale, where it is thrown out when the R. R. embankment Near the top Orthis divity a medium size, branching form, atropoid shell, with sinuous and fold in front collected; very at the top in an locality south of the bridge, friends of small size are common. Near Whaler's farm the lower 2 feet of the Laurel limestone are regularly stratified and contain Ostrea accumulum. Above this the exposure continues for 24 feet, parts being very curiosi dul. In places it weathers in a curious manner and is known as the Cliff rock. In the next rail road cut down south of Whalers, the land ind indicating total thickness of 35 feet Laurel limestone and at the spring south.

2nd of John Currans house, the Total thickness becomes 47 feet. This of course is on the supposition that the rocks do not dip. A not very safe assumption. A bituminous shale at the spring with traces of fossils is 4 feet 8 in its thick According to the hand level 8-10 feet of limestone inter- vene between this shale and the similar shale ex- pored in the next railroad cut going south westward. The upper shale exposure is only 2 feet 8 in deep thick. These two shales or at least the lower shale, are assumed to be the equivalent of the Wal- drum shale of southern India- nana exposures. Only 2-3 feet of the overlying Sand- ston limestone we are well exposed in the railroad cut. Nothing characteristc of this formation was found. Beneath this Clinton south of the RR cut at Wheeler's bridge, the Wladium beds are exposed. The total exposure seen amounts to 8 feet. The first fossils, Orthus limata, Orthus occulentalis, and Fan- er Silurian byaza, occur 13\frac{1}{2} feet large down in 21\frac{1}{2} feet below the Clinton. The Wladium shale has the typical drum area cone appearance. A part of it is in garris and a part is slaty, but no regular banding was seen.

Boyle County - Junction City 29. Duffin's Cut. 200 RR. cut 1/5 mi. N of junction A short distance north of the railroad cut, there is a farm house east of the railroad, be- longing to Jim Shannon. On the side of the hill, below the house, towards the rail- road, the Silurian is well exposed. It was once quarried here, but the stone readily disintegrates. The fol- lowing fossils were found: Monclizmia gracilis? Pteridea demissa Acanthoclia radiata another Camellibranch Artus bifurcata Artus occidentalis Strephocrura alternata. several species of Ostrocarda. The section of Silurian here exposed is about 10 feet thick. Towards the cut is another exposure, with the same fossils, about 3 feet higher geologically. Three feet are not exposed, and the next 3 feet consist of a clayey rock, breaking

up first into irregular angular fragments and then dis- integrating into a bluish clay. This layer is considered the top of the Siver Silurian so that the same Silurian sec- tion north of the cut is estima- ted at 20 feet. Immediately overlying the last member a member of the Siver Silurian is a dark blue rock with large furcids marking its lower surface, and with fish teeth just above the base. Furcoidal markings are evidently also present at higher levels in this bed. Its thickness is 2 feet 6 inches. It is considered of devonian age. Overlying this are 2 feet of very light blue siliceous (roche) limestone with abun- dant chert concretions of small size, large net form hygroas, large crinoid stems. & A 4 inch layer of thin shale limestone with clay particles, containing a fair number of 31 snails which were collected. 2 feet 4 inches of blue limestone with chert, Cyzti phyllum. 5 to 6 inches of light blue lime stone, with large crinoid stems. This makes a total of 8 feet of Devonian rock below the strongly cherty beds next de- scribed! 4 ft 8 inches of a bluish white siliceous limestone, very full of chert layers and concre- tions, arranged in a very irreg- ular fashion along certain stratification planes. A spe- cially thick layer of chert marks the top of this series. The stone has a more or less crushed appearance. The chert contains Zaphren tus and other fossil. Part of junction City are places where it has a very abun- dant fauna. 6 to 7 feet of brecciated rock. When very brecciated in appearance it shows no

bedding. Where not brecciated it has a more distinctly blue color and often is well bedded. At one point in the cut the middle of this bed is well bedded and shows fun ctidal markings. The weath- ered surface shows numerous small quartz concretions. Crinoid stems and coals oc- cur in the rock. Fish teeth apparently occur, but they are not well preserved. The total thickness of De-vonian limestones ac-cording to these notes is nearly 20 feet. Only 15 to 20 feet of black shale are exposed in the cut, but in the hill south-west of the cut more black shale is seen. About 60 feet above the base of the black shale, near the top of the hill, is a layer of phos-phatic nodules or con-cretions including Estheria? and other fossils. This layer can here be made out with difficulty. But at the Blue Lick, just north of Lionetta Springs, at the north-western edge of the town, this nodule bedger is well exposed. It is only 2 to 4 inches thick but the nodules are very abundant. The nodules occur at the top of the very black shale, and are overlaid by many feet of a pure greenish thin shale. This change in color is a guide locating the phos-phatic nodule bed. The nodules can't contain a variety of fossils, and was explori-ted about 3 or 4 years ago by a Princeton student. About 15 feet above the nodule bed is a very red, ferriferous, sandy bed, 2 to 4 inches thick, appar-ently also fossiliferous at times. The highest exposures at the Blue Lick are sandy contain sandy beds with good fossils, Othinea, Spirifera, etc. Blue Lick Blue Lick 32

32 a. 202 Trible House, Well, southeast angle made by the intersec- ting railroads. The junc- tion is 8 tenths of a mile south of Duffins cut, and the railroad lines lie 34 feet below the track at the cut, 14 feet below the railroad track. Mr. Trible's workman struck the black shale, and after passing through 13 feet of the shale, reached the brecciated layer below. The top of the brecciated layer occurs therefore 27 feet below the railroad track at the junction or, 61 feet below the track at (the) Duffins cut. The brecciated rock is here 6 feet thick. The bed full of chert layers and concre- tionous is about 5 feet thick. The well barely passed through this layer. Lincoln County, Shelby City. Tank C.S. railroad. 216 At the tank on the Cincinnati Southern, 1.2 miles south of Junction City the top of brecciated bed is well exposed below the railroad bridge, and down the creek, east of the bridge. The bridge was once 36 feet below Junction city, but the bridge was raised 4 feet so that at present it is only 32 feet below. The brecciated rock is 18 feet below the bridge, so that it is 50 feet below Junction City or 84 feet below Duffins cut. Cincinnati Southern Tank S dead level. . . . . RR track base of black shale 61 At Duffins cut the face of the Devonian limestone crops about 1 meter in 22 meters towards the south.

Shelby City. One mile northeast of the water tank along the Cincin- nati Southern, another fork of Knob Creek shows exposures of the brecciated Devonian bed, just where it crosses road while extends parallel to the railroad, half a mile south of the same. From the station at Shelby City the road goes southward half a mile, and only a short distance east of its junc- tion with the road just mentioned, the brecciated bed is well exposed. Follow- ing the creek southward into a partly wooded field the limestone with large nodules and irregular beds of chert is exposed. On ac- count of the southward dip of the archos this bed is exposed for a great distance just a- bove the creek bed. Fossils are not uncommon in the chert where it has been weath- ered out, as may be seen by fol- lowing the road following the west side of the creek. 218 Two miles east About half a mile east of Shel- by City defect the black shale is exposed along the railroad track. A short distance eastward a great quantity of chert locates the bed with abundant chert un- derlying the brecciated layer. The brecciated bed, and the beds below the cherty beds are not exposed. The Lower Silurian is seen in the creek bed on the south side of the railroad a short distance eastward. Only about 20 feet intervene between the black shale and the Lower Silurian. This certainly does not leave room for any Middle Silurian. 219 From this period eastward the creek banks show frequent exposures of Lower Silurian. Two miles east of Shelby City, where a road crosses the creek, the Lower Silurian contains considerable chert, some of the fossils even are turned to chert. Some of the layer contain pebbles of con- jectact blue rock, the largest peb- tles averaging 2 inches.

Samer Silurian freebo are a. broadant 60 feet brigher up, giving southward, along the road up the hill. 65 feet above the creek, heavy beds of white dense limestone with very few fossils, belay et all to the Samer Silurian. And lies near the top of the forma- tion. 18 feet higher up, at the top of the hill east of the road, the bucciated Devonian bed is well exposed, and the great abundance of large chert fragments indicates this presence of this layer immediately beneath. The chert here shown Phacops rana Favorites Coral. [illegible] Large coral, or partition walls Also other corals. 5. of Shelby city. 37 220 A little over a mile south of Shelby City depot, a short distance north of the point where Rust Sick creek crosses the road, the Samer Silurian is well exposed in the eastern bank of the creek. Three feet of blue limest- atone merge upward into brown shaly rock. Fossils are especially abundant where the transition takes place but a few are found even near the top of the shaly beds. The clayey shale is 5 feet 6 in. thick. The following is a list of the fossils: Pterinea demissa Artus occidentalis Artus insculpta Artus bifurata Stephania rhomboidalis Chaetetes by copaeidm, 20 feet intervene between the top of the Samer Silurian and the Devonian bed with heavy chert. Only the upper 3 feet are exposed. The rock is very dense, and of a whitish color. The Devonian bed with large

modules and irregular masses of chert varies from 2½ to 4 feet in thickness. I About 4 feet of the breccia. ted bed are exposed. Lincoln County, Moreland. 39 [21] A quarter of a mile south of the point where the road from Moreland to Huston- villle cruises the railroad, a mason-road n open lane goes eastward downa hill. Southeast of the first culvert crossed by the road a little stream descends the steep hill side. 15½ feet of Cincinnati lime - at one with abundant fossils are found above creek level. Some Cincinnati fossil occur in clay about 21 feet above the creek. About 6 feet of clayey rock occur above the Cincinnati fossils. For 19 feet there is no exposure. Then there are 8 feet of rock varying from green shale to a brown rock going upward. [22] 212 The rest of the section is ex- pesed on the road or lane above mentioned, between the culvert and the Moreland- Hustonville road.

The richly fossiliferous L.S. bed the top of the Madison rock is about 38 feet above the richly fossiliferous Circu- lation Brum beds. This would then be the thickness of the Madison beds here. The middle parts of the Mad-i- som beds are composed of thin shales apparently. The rich- ly fossiliferous bed contains, Cerithis biforata cerithis occidentalis. Murchisonia acule angula several lamelli branchio to. Although the total thickness of strata between this upper fossil bed and the fossil bed below the Madison rock is 38 feet, the Mad-i- som beds are probably to be regarded as only 33 feet thick. And the upper 5 feet are the representatives of the deep blue dense limestone found in the J.S. Under- wood section, to be described next. 6 ft. 6 in. above the Murchisona bed is a layer of clay full of Chomopolyllum? Cystiphyllum? 41 5 feet above the basal bed the clay is full of large pieces of chert representing the bed full of heavy chert, usually found below the brecciated layer. All of these upper lizuea stones, from the Murchisonia bed to the black shale have here disintegrated into clay. J. S. Underwood section. 275 223 Half way between Morel and and Carpenters station, where the largest branch crossing this part of the road is footed ed, is located the farm of J. S. Underwood. Along the southern side of the stream, near the road, there are some fair exposures. The Madison beds are at least 48 feet thick, accor- ding to barometric meas- urements. It is overlaid by 6 feet of dense, dark blue limestone containing Lower Silurian fossils. These fossils are

especially abundant near the top. Among others the following are found: Arthria occidentalis, Florinea demissa Other lamelli branches like those near Moreland, Murchisonia like those near Moreland, At least 13 feet of Devonian massive limestones with fossilifermo chert mod- ules overly these beds. The bed with large chert modules and irregular mas- ses of chert is great abun- dance is found imme- diately above. On the road to Carpenters station, a considerable distance south of this sec- tion, the brecciated bed is seen. A mile and a quarter south of the J.S. Underwood farm, where the road turns ab- ruptly eastward Fossilif- erous Lower Silurian is found in the creek. 43 On the high bank north west of the road angle the top of the Devonian is evidently well ex- pored. As seen from the road, the brecciated layer and thin bed with large chert modules and irregular masses of chert is judged to be in place. 224 Carpenter's Station, at Carpenter's station a road branches off from the Hustanville-Carpenters station road, and takes a northerly course before turning southwards. Along this road the Madism beds are well exposed. They are shaly. The overlying dark blue dense limestones are slightly exposed. The heavy masses of chert record a sufficient dis- tance above the Lower Silurian beds to leave plenty of room for the Devonian beds below the beds full of chert. Even the ordinary Devonian bed can tain considerable chert, it must be remembered.

Marion County. Lebanon, 45 (15) On the Cumberland and Ohio R.R. just beyond the point when it crosses over the head waters of Hardins Creek there is a good section exposed along the R.R. tracks. The Black slate is 1-2 feet thick, the main body of slate not being seen here. The Devonian is 7 feet thick, at the top are 4 inches of dark dense rock forming a sort of transition between the slate above and the limestone below. 40 inches of solid crinoidal rock follow. Then 20 inches of shaly limestone with byzgraubs and 20 inches more of crinoidal limestone. The crinoidal limestone con- tain a very varied fauna, best seen where the fossils are freed by weathering. 37 feet of clay rock, rather soft, clay shale, shaly limestone, clayey limestone underly- ing the Devonian, down as far as the creek bed. A Lower Silu- rion character was found here. The fossiliferous layers are Richmond do overlie still lying giving down the creek.

152 About 2 miles Northeast of Seb- (105) an in the Brad fordville LS road, the head waters of a nor- them branch of Cany Creek cross the road. North east of the road is Mr. Drye's farm. On the hill side west of the fence are sever- al exposures. The Black slate is present. Below the slate are 9 ft 4 in. of Devonian rock. The upper part of the Devonian has a dark brown color. This color is due to weathering, and the breccia- ted appearance is due to the frag- ments of fossils present. Good fossils are weathered out Cincinnati group fossils, both loose and in thin limestone, are common about 7 to 8 feet below the Devonian. A blue clay layer with nodular mas- ses of limestone, is found 1 a 1/2 feet above the cithly fossiliferous part. The interval between this blue clay and the Devonian is occu- pied by brown clay shales only a small part of the Madison section remaining. Pre-Devonian erosion is the probable cause. 153 About 3 miles Southeast of (989) Sebastian where the branch just mentioned enters Cany Creek West of the road corners is the farm house of Geo. Raley. The black slate is seen between the house and the old mill. The Coniferous is 11 1/2 feet thick. The upper 2 1/2 feet consist of the dark brown brecciated layer. The part immediately beneath contains some chert than the middle and lower parts of the De- vonian section. Lower Silurian fossils, both loose and in thin limestones, are seen in situ, very abundant, 1 foot below the Devonian. They restably directly underly the Devonian 1 foot not ledgy ex- pured. Columnaferia celtica was occured 1 foot below the De- vonian. At second visit it was seen that 7 ft 8 in of limestone, full of fossils, lay over the thin bedded Madison sand under the Coniferous.

Sulphur Spring localities. About 3/4 of a mile east of Leba- ron the main E + W road crosses the L + N Railroad. At this point the road for Bradford- serville branches off, taking a southwest course. One and a quarter miles along this road is Sulphur Spring. A quar- ter of a mile beyond the spring, on the west side of the road, the creek bed exposes the contact between the Lower Silurian and the Devonian. The equivalents of the Wadi- som beds are exposed farther down the stream. Here also the Pleurotomaria bed just above the Madison beds are best ex- posed. They are here only a few inches thick and lie about 4 or 5 feet below the Devonian. Further three and a half feet below the Devonian, Beatrixa undulata is exposed. The 3 feet just beneath the Coniferous are formed by a blue clayey rock with frequent specimens of Columnaria alveolata and a few of Tetradium. The highest layer of the heavy chert below 49 the Coniferous, occurs 9 feet a- bove the base. Theoolpying rock is of a dark brown color, due to weathering, but it is full of crinoid-al fragments which have retained their white color. The entire thick- ess of the Coniferous is 12 feet, and it is immediately overlaid by the Black shale. (155) A short distance south of this locality, the private road leads east- ward to the house occupied by George Buckman, owned by Judge H. W. Reeves. North of the house runs a creek, a branch of which, a quarter of a mile east of the house exposes the contact between the Devonian and the Lower Silurian. The Pleuro- tomaria bed is reduced to a layer only 2 or 3 inches thick and occurs about 6 feet below the Coniferous. The section between this and the Devonian, however contains numerous Lower Silurian fossils, some of this occurring in contact with the base of the Conifer- ous. In the Lower Silurian above Madison occurs Columnaria

156 Half a mile south of the en- (1000) trance to the Reeves farm, a road leaves the creek road, and goes half a mile eastward to the farm house of P. L. Mudd, just beyond a fork of the road. Mudd's house is on the south side of the road and a short dis- tance east of the house a small run comes down from the hill side. From the road the follow- ing section was measured going up the run. 20 feet of green clayey rock. 13 feet of the thin bedded rock representing the Madison bed. 5 feet of bluish clayey limestone with some Silurian fossil. a little over 2 feet below the Coniferous, Pleuroto- maria tr'incta is quite common. Arthri bipartata occurs with occasional of the Devonian. 11 7/3 feet of Ostracoderm rock are exposed. Within 12 inches of the bottom are Helisphyllum Halli, Bletisphyllum pr. mississ., stems of Dolato- crinus, The heavy chert layer occurs 2 feet 4 inches below the black slate. 51 157 A little east of P. L. Mudd's (1000) farm house, a road leads south up the hill to another farm house. In a gully east of this road (same) Pleuroto- maria belli'incta is com- mon is a dark blue layer about 2 foot thick, found 16 feet below the black slate, or a- bout 4 1/2 feet below the base of the Coniferous which has is not exposed. Above the Pleu- romaria rock the measured clay shows at least 2 feet of material with rather numerous Concinnatus & crimp fossils. 158 Going from the last locality southward up the hill ridge and the drive into the next valley, the Lower Silurian is found exposed in the stream beds. At points the dip in- creases from 16 to 22 degrees dipping to the north, the strike

varying from N 70 E to N 80 W. Going westward to the Brad- fordsville creek road, the north- erly dip is still very distinct. a short distance northward along the road the dip rapidly decreases, changing to two southward. The general dip all through this country however is a fairly gentle southerly dip. This can be best seen by following the main branch of Camp Creek, from its junction with the creek running past Mudd's house, north ward toward Sulphur Springs. Every however to the very marked southerly cup taking the creek a quarter of a mile south of Mudd's house, as just described, the level of the De- vrnian on the hill land south of this creek is found about 170 feet above the level of the Devonian on the branch just north east of Mudd's house. This is a dip of 170 feet to the south in 24 mi. Mudd's house is north of the road branching off to Penwick, in the valley. He expects to build S. anthill. (1108) 53 The folding seen in the Lower Silurian in the creek is at least in largest part, due to post De- vonian folding. New market. (140) (950) a little over 3 miles south west of Lebanon, on the road to New Market, the top of the Coniferous just below the Black shale, is exposed on the hill top just as the it begins to slope rapidly southward. Its elevation is about 961 and the top of the Lower Silu- rian must be at about 950, but it is not exposed. On the cut away there is a dip of at least 1 foot in 30 in going down the hill, or 67 feet in 660 yds, going southward. Thence the dip is more gentle south ward. (142) (820) a quarter of a mile south west of New Market a road leaves the main road and after passing a mill crosses Rolling Fork, a quarter of a mile east of the ford, before reaching the dam, the Coniferous and Black shale are exposed. The level of their junction is 830 feet. The top of the Lower Silurian is not seen = (820)

There are 14 in of dark limestone without fossils, followed by 14 in of grayish calc arenaceous sand. Below this are 24 in of soft bluish limestone with fossils, MARION COUNTY Trip - Lebanon to Liberty 1600 [160] Going from the Ber. Raley locality (960) eastward up Carey creek 1/2, 2/3 of a mile, on the Bradfords- village road, a slight clift once after crossing the stream, the top of the Lower Corniferous is exposed at 970. Therefore the top of the Lower Silurian at this point must be about 960. [170] Nearly two thirds of a mile eastward on the Bradfords- village road, the Corniferous is seen to be 12 feet thick. It rests directly upon the Madison beds; the several feet of richly fossiliferous Lower Silurian rocks often seen in this county, but not existing here. They were probably eroded previous to the deposition of the Corn- iferous.

Bradfordville? 57 183. (958) LS. Just east of Rush Branch, in the road following south, Take the junction between The Corniferous and the Lower Silurian is at 958 184 (971) LS Half a mile eastward, a short distance beyond the point where the road ap- proaches I putts Fork, the junction between the Cor- niferous and the Lower Silurian is found at 971. The Corniferous is about 10 feet thick. The upper part is dark brown and is overlaid by the Black Shale, a little blue limestone with Lower Silurian fos- sils occurs 1 foot below the Corniferous. The typos- cal Madison rock is exposed 3 feet below the base of the Corniferous. 185 (995) LS About 1/3 miles southeast- ward, nearly 2 miles beyond Bradfordville, the junc- tion between the Corniferous and Lower Silurian is found at 9

17. Continued, The Devonian rests directly upon the Wadi- nian rock, the richly fossil- iferous beds above the Wad- lisian being not retained. The Lower Devonian limestone was measured by Prof. Pate and was determined as being 10 feet thick. It included the following fossils: Platystoma lineata Calliomena bellatula Orthus ramunzeni + spirifera Strophodonta demissa Strophodonta hemispherica Chonetes yandelliana Spirifer submermatus Spirifer Curreteries Phynchella tetlyps. (upper Dev. line above this level) The Coniferous was 18 feet thick. The upper 5 feet are deep brown in color, and is overlaid by Black Shale. The total Devonian Lime- at one section is therefore 28 feet, a sudden increase since the Bradfordsville sections. 59 (186) (1045) LS A little over a mile and a half south-westward, half a mile before reaching Traverse creek is the Oger Purdy farm. The junction between the Devonian and the Lower Silurian is at 1045. Columnaria occurs 5 feet below the base of the Devonian. The total thickness of the Devonian is about 10 feet, and of this the lower 5 feet are supposed to be Hamilton and the upper 5 feet Table Coniferous. They could not be readily distinguished. A species of Aml-coelia was very common in pockets at the base of the Devonian- Hamilton. Also Spirifer Curreteries. Ambrocoelia multata, (187) (1040) LS Half a mile eastward the junction of the Devonian and Lower Silurian is at 1040. The Coniferous may here be divided into the lower beds quite free from Shale 14 feet thick and containing Ambro-coelia multata at various levels, especially

near the bottom, and the upper cherty Gneiss is 10 ½ feet thick. The total Devonian limestone one thick- ess is therefore 24 ½ feet. The Black shale overlies it. The Devonian limestone rests directly on the clayey greenish Madison. 188 (1060) L.S. About ½ mile before reach- ing Rush Branch, on the north side of the creek there is a bluff exposure. The junc- tion between the Devonian and Lower Silurian is at 1060. The total thickness of the De- vanian limestone is 17 feet. The lower 4 feet consist of a very arenaceous brown rock, The Devonian rests directly on the blue clayey Madison rocks. The thin bedded shale Madison occurs below. The total thickness of the Madis-on is 50 feet. The fossilifer- Riche and beds extend down to the river, 20 feet below. 203 (1107) L.S. Just east of the Madison- county line, on the road to Jack Town and Hurstsville, the top of the hill above the Madison bluff still shows Lower Si- lurian. About 17 feet of Madison rock are exposed and they are quite typical; thin bedded and blue clay shales. Overlying the Madis- on are 65 feet of fossilif- erous limestone, the lower 5 feet containing many Murchuinas. This is the largest fossiliferous section overlying the Madison yet far examined. The highest Lower Silurian fossils were found at 1107. The top may have been higher, since no Devonian was found. 204. Up Martin's Creek from Jacktown = 2 miles north of Jacktown, the top of the Lower Siluria was some- where between 1130 and 1160. The contact with the Devonian was not seen.

205 A mile west of Ellis's store, (1257) and 2 1/4 miles west of the Casey - Lincoln county line the junction between the De- vrinian and the Lower Silurian is at 1251 parta- ly. The Black shale- Coniferous junction is believed to be at 1257. The Coniferous is a dark blam rock. On Hustonville, Rush Branch road, 206 About 1/3 mi. east of Ellis's store, or 1 1/8 mi. west of the Casey - Lincoln county line, on Hustonville- Rush Branch road, the junction between the Con- iferous and the Mad. Lower Silurian is at 1244. The Coniferous is 6 ft thick, and contains an abun- dance of chert. The Mad. n rock is immediately below. The Black slate is seen over the Coniferous, Casey County. Hustonville - to Liberty, Sel-min = 1000. 211. C. H. Riddo store, 5 miles south west of Hustonville, and 10 miles NE of Liberty, on the Carpenters Branch road, Fry's Creek passes the store, flowing southward, or south east ward. I forgot to take the level here. Underlying the Coniferous is the black con rock with scarce a fossil. After diligent search, Chaetetes peterphi- tomua was found, 1 inch from the top. Strophodonta demissiplerica occurred within 5 inches of the base of the Conif. eros. On the west side of Fry's creek, just above the strong conformity, Desmocadia mulbdata occurs abundantly at various levels, 13 ft 8 in 22 ft especially. Spirifer lenticularis occurs 8 feet above the base of the Coniferous. Strophodonta demissa is found 13 ft 8 in. above the base, at the same level as found Plegymnella Setosa, Atrypa

reticularis, and Spirifer Current lines. The heavy chert beds begin 25 feet above the base of the Corniferous. The dark iron bed overlaying the cherty beds, comes in con- tact with the Black Shale 47 feet above the base of the Corniferous. The most interesting part of this exposure is the evi- dence of non-conformity between the Corniferous and the Madrian beds of the Lower Silurian, and the fact that Corniferous is here seen for the last time or going south- ward, at least nor other localities are known further southward just at present. The axis of the Lower Silurian fold- ing is E + W = pre-Devo- nian in part at least. On the east side of the creek is a low anticlinal flexure. A slight exami- nation from on shows that this anticlinal flex- ure is only a slight acci- dent in a general northern dip in the Lower Silurian. The most interesting feature consists in the fact that in the northern end there is evidence of slight bedding of Lower Silurian material across the edges of the Lower Siluria, and parallel to the Corniferous. This is Lower Silurian ma- terial rearranged by pre- Devonian waters. The Cor-niferous conforms itself to these washed edges of the Mad-rian beds. Base of Cornif. s N East side of Fry's Creek. On the western side the non-con- fornity is more marked. Corniferous. Lower Silurian Dips of non-conformity on West side of creek.

210- (1038) LS. About half a mile SW of Widd's store, 9½ miles NE of Liberty. The Black Shale rests directly on the Madi- nian beds. 209- (1028) LS. Nearly 3 miles southwest- ward, about 7 mi. north- east of Liberty, just west of a stream emptying into Carpenters Branch. The Black Shale rests in the Madison beds at 1028. 208- (1007) LS Nearly 4 mi. NE of Liberty, a short distance NE of a wood saw mill, the black shale rests on the fossiliferous bed which is often found at top of the Madison beds, but cut Ciona Columnaria's alveolata and Orthis tri- furcata just beneath the Black Shale. 207 (1007) LS About 2¾ mi. E of Liberty. The Black shale rests directly on the Madison beds. 67 206. (996) LS. About 2 miles N.E. of Liberty up a gully in the north side of the road, where the Liberty-Huntenville road first approaches the river going east. The Black Shale rests direct- ly on the Madison beds. A thin bed in the Madi- nian 15 feet below the Black Shale, contains numerous Lower Silurian fossils. At least 30 feet of Madi- nian beds are exposed below this fossiliferous layer down to the river level. The appearance is up a little run on Jim Adams farm. (Colred, lives in Liberty.)

Nelson-Marion Counties, 67 Gethsemene to Loretto. 84 at the road corner 1/3 mile North of Gethsemane, the Coralliferous rests on the Lower Laurel Niagara at (891- I forgot to take a reference point) The Coralliferous is a dark brown rock with plenty of crinoid stem frag- mments but scarcely any encrals. The Niagara imme- diately below is not crinoidal. It belongs to the Laurel limestone division, and is a rotten rock, like the cliff rock at Bardstown. It is about 26 feet thick. The Black Shale within the Coralliferous, about 1/5 of a mile east- ward, the Laurel limestone is seen to be underlaid by 2 feet of Wyper Osgood clay in this locality, tending to be a fairly hard clay rock. Under this are 2 feet of harder limestone, which is the Osgood limestone. The Wyper Osgood beds loose chas- a in Kentucky.

86 Less than half a mile east- ward, just east of North Forke, 18 feet of the Lower Os good clay shale are ex- pired. The total section is not exposed. 87 Two fifth of a mile east- ward the Black shale rests in the Coniferous at (923 - I forgot to take a reference point.) The Coniferous is less than 2 feet thick. 88 Half a mile south of New Hope, the Lower Os good clay is seen to be at least 22 feet thick. The total thickness may be 25 feet. The Chintm is of the Bardstown type. Chest is found at all levels: small amount. A fairly heavy (3 in ch) chest bed about 5 feet below the Os- good shale contains fossils on its upper sur- face. The following is the list: Illaenus ambiguus, pen. Platy stroma Magareuse Arthis flabella Arthis elegantula Arthis biforata Plectambonites, elegantula Strephomena refulvida, Strephomena Hanoverensis. Streptorama calycula. Favrites fassus, medium Stromatopora concentrica. A single specimen of Plec- tambonites elegantula was found in the Lynest Clinton layer. The Chintm is a grey-blue silicene rock. Tetradinum occurs quite abundantly in the 3 feet of Lower Silurian rock im- mediately underlying the Chintm. The typical Madison rock is found immediately beneath. The trip of the Lower Si- lurian is at (856 - I for- got to take a reference point.)

89 About halfway between New Hope and Com Hollow the road crosses to the south side of the railroad and goes to a distillery, a railroad cut is found immediately west of this road crossing, and imme- diately east, a little side track runs off towards the distillery. A stream crosses the railroad just west of the little side track. The Clinton forms the rock exposed at the rail- road cut. It is there overlaid by a light brown clay rock fair- ly hard, but like the or- dinary lower Orwood clay, although taking its posi- tion. It is fully 5 feet thick at the cut. Near the switch to the distillery it has a thickness of only 2 ft. Overlying this clay rock, at the switch are 15 inches of a dark brown rock, which along the road to the dis- tillery has a decided sand- stone texture and has nume- erous fragments of fish teeth. This is probably the equivalent of the red mill fish teeth (dark blue) at Alum Springs, at the base of the section, and the simi- lar rock at Dufford's cut. Upon this sandy bed rests the Coniferous. This up- per Coniferous is eroded but contains no large corals in abundance at the RR cut into thic-k- ess is only 2 to 3 feet. The Clinton is 17 ft. thick. The following fossils or- curred in a layer 5 feet below the top of the Clinton, in a somewhat heavier clay layer. Artus flabella Artus elegantula Stricklandinia Rhyacochrella like neglecta Stromatopora concentrica

90 Immediately after cross- ing Puttlinger creek, go- ing eastward the Clinton is seen to be 17 feet thick. It overlaps the Madison at (885- ) forgot to take a reference point). In Put- tlinger creek the rocks are seen to dip strongly north westward a southward, the exposures was not examined. 91 About 200 yards west of Cone Hill at, the Clin- ton is seen to be 17 feet thick. On this elong outcro was noticed. The Clin- tony rests on a 3 foot layer of Tetradium and the typical Madison is found immediately beneath. The junction between the Upper and Lower Silurian is at (908- ) forgot to take a reference (point). This juncti- ion is only 2 feet above the RR track. 106 (938) LS A short distance east of Cone Hill on, the Clinton- Lower Silurian contact is seen at (938.) Almost the entire thickness of Clinton is ex- posed. 107 (940) LS About two thirds of a mile east of Cone Hill on the Clinton- Lower Silurian contact is at (940- ) forgot to take a reference point). 141/2 feet of Clinton are exposed in the RR cut. The full thickness was not seen. 108 About 11/4 miles east of Cone Hill on & Dante's station, just west of the station the Clinton- Lower Silurian junction is seen at (965- forgot to take a reference point). The Clinton is 151/2 feet thick. It rests upon the Madison beds. On the hill side just north west of the sta- tion, several feet of greensh d clay were exposed in jus- passing a privation from an office, = Lower C good clay. Ba- rometer changed from 975 to 982 at RR level & Rain.

109 A short distance east of Dorset station, 3 ft 8 in of dark clay pure clints were like the Clinton - since the good shale about 3 feet of Coniferous original grey limestone with Delato- -berries were seen. No layer coral. 110 Darkbr Corm Clint 3-5 ft hard shale at trp of L-S. 11 ft. A quarter of a mile west of Dorset where the dirt road begins to run par- allel to the railroad and across the way presses under the railroad and down a moderately eroded feet of a field. The Clints is 15 feet thick. No typi- cal Coniferous is seen overlying it, 12 in of a hard rem-fossiliferous dark brown rock are re- ferred to the Clinton Corif- erous but this is doubtful. It may be the equivalent of the dark limestone at the base of the Devonian at Duffness cut. The Black Shale lies immediately above. 77 There was a stringy S dip. The following fossils occur in the Clints within 5 feet of the top: Ortho. platella Ortho. liprata Strophomena striata? Favrites formosa medium 111- at the west end margin of the Blade turn the Black shale rests directly on the Clints, small dark brown rock 6 inches thick. When broken open Hard Limestone has a siliceous at top. 4S.5ft.6in. the color. The wind weathered Clints lies immediately below. St. Mary's 1150. This (1150) may prove useful as a L.S. reference point. St Mary's 933 1150 985 165 stn. above Dart 22 143

MARION COUNTY. Ref. Pat. Lebanon - to - Chicago - to Rayville. 134 about a mile south of St. Mar (1065) ry's, the Black Shale rests in LS dark limer Coniferous with a few crinoid stems. In a field to the Southwest, grey densely crinoidal Con- iferous is found at a lower level. The Coniferous is about 5 feet thick and rests direct- ly on the Lower Silurian with Orthus bipunctata Orthis occidentalis. Columaria alveolata Fanistella stellata Lower Silurian (1065) no referent. 133 More end. Upper parts of Black Shale. 3. St. Mary's. 1113. R.R. level, may serve as reference point. 142 The road to Chicago from St Mary's follows the RR for about 1 1/2 miles, and take a directly westerly course. About 1/3 mile in this road the following section is well exposed.

Black Shale is seen in the road side and in a field to the south. It rests on densely crinoidal, dark grey Corniferous rock. The lower part of the Corniferous is finegrained and con- tains few crinoidal re- maines. The total thick- ess of the Corniferous is about 6 1/2 feet. Imme- diately below the Cornif- erous & Columnaria alt. reolata, and 2 feet below, the regular Madison beds are exposed. Following the road down hill, the total thickness of the Madison is seen to be about 20 feet thick, possi- bly more. 1100 Chicago R.R. level. 1100 taken as a reference point. 113 113 About a quarter of a mile south of Chicago, a road branches off from the Ren- wick's wide road and goes toward St Marys. About 3/4 of a mile away this road, the Black Shale is seen to rest directly on the Clinton. This is still better seen in a small stream bed west of the road. The first widely pos- siliferous Clinton bed, where normally is seen 5 feet below, the top of the Clinton, is here seen about 2 or 3 miles be- low the Black Shale. The Clinton is about 11 feet thick. The upper half is full of chest lenses and nodules. On the lower half occurs a massive dark limestone near by without chest, which is not at all typical for the Clinton. Its fossils are the same here- ever. Below the Clinton are the Madison beds. The following fossils were observed: See next page. 81

Oreithis eleganta ? Labella Plectamimites elegantula Streplema striata? Favrites faverno Streptelasma calycula Rhunopora frindna (Pachydictya) Rhinodictya mediumto smalltubes. Stromatopor concetrica, 144 About 2 miles or a little more north of Chicago, and nearly 3 miles from Kenwick, a fine exposure is seen on the west bank of a stream flowing a considerable dis- tance west of the road, in W.D. Miles's farm. The Black Slate rests directly on the Clinton. The Clinton is 7 ft. 8 in. thick. The very fossiliferous layers oc- curro 3 to 4 inches beneath the Black shale. The Clinton includes: Ilalynus antignus, Phacops triculcatu. Calymene Nigarena. Plectamimites ele- gantula 83 Nebulites - like Faverno's large tubes, finely set. Halysites catenulatus Cyathophyllum Daytmense Tetradium occurs 3 to 4 feet below the Clinton. The typical Madison is im- mediately beneath. 145 At the written end of the (1060) W.D. Miles' farm, the Ls little stream just described enters a larger one, and at the same point a road comes in from the west. Just south of the road corner the Black shale rests directly on the Clin- ton. The Clinton is 5 ft 6 i thick. The top of the Ls is at (1060 - no reference point was taken) 146 About 2/3 of a mile south- ward, just before the road descends for the first time steeply into a stream bed, in an open field to the east, with considerable care the following section can be made out

The Black shale rests direct ly in the Clinton. The Clin- ton is only 8 inches thick. In the Lime Silurian directly beneath, Columnaria was found. In the Clinton or Curi Orthus flabella. Favrites Magarenetyp; Streptelasma calcicle “ “ Daytance The top of the L.S. is at (1060. No reference point was taken) 124 Northeast of Raywick, where the Chicago-Raywick- and the Raywick-Leba- nun pikes come together the top of the L.S. is seen at (975 - No reference point was taken.) Marion - Nelson Counties 85 Lebanon to Raywick to New Haven. 2nd Trip. Pate - Lebanon, 1000. 1000 1. One mile south of St. Marys. 945 LS87 Top of Lower Silurian 945. 131 About 6 miles from Lebanon 938 LS on the way to Raywick is a toll gate, half a mile and a half south of St. Marys. Nearly two miles westward, a road turns off to the left, and a short distance fur- ther on the Raywick pike the top of the Lower Silu- nion is seen at 938. The Upper part of the Lower Silurian is difficult to dis- tinguish from the Clinton but it does not cut dire- ctly. On the contrary masses of crystalline calcite are not in carbon and some of them seem to have replaced Tetra- dinum specimens. See S.L. Directly in the Black Shale lie 2 ft 8 inches of Columnaria. The lower grey crinoidal Coniferous is 2 ft thick.

The dark frame Coniferous above is [illegible] thick. The Black Shale rests on top. (130) 920 LS Two thirds of a mile west- ward, on and open hill side north of the road, the top of the Lower Silurian is been at 920. Columnarform is seen near the top of the Lower Silurian. The Macki- aw beds occur below. Directly above the same Silurian are 12 inches of brown crinoidal Coniferous rock, with few crinoidal remains. Above this lie the black shale. (129) 912 LS Two thirds of a mile west- ward, a road turns off and towards the north. On the hills towards the northeast down the road corners. The top of the Lower Silurian was seen at 912. No Conifer- ous was in evidence, but it may once have been there. This was one Clin- ton lie as is shown by a moderate amount of 87 Clinton chest, but its thick- ess could never have been great. The Black shale at present rests directly on the same Silurian. (128) 890 LS Nearly a mile westward is the Cherry Run graces store. A small tire turn crosses the road, coming from the north. The top of the Lower Silurian was seen at 890. It was cov- ered by 3 feet of Conifer- ous, and this in turn by Black Shale. (127) 890 LS A short distance south westward, just before the road turns sharply away from Cherry Run, the top of the Lower Silurian is exposed at 890. Six feet of Clinton are exposed. 3 ft 2 in. are not exposed but may probably once have been by lower bedrock shale. This is overlaid by 2 ft 6 in of Coniferous rock. The lower 22 inches consists of grey Coniferous limestone.

The upper 8 inches consist of a dark brown rock. Over this lies Black Shale. 126 - A short distance from 887 the last locality, at the most northern part of a strong curve in the road, the top of the Lower Silurian is seen at 887. Below the top of the Lower Silurian consists of 3 feet of a hard stone, unlike the Madison rock below. It is massive but contains no chert. The Chintir shews more frequent bedding and is cherty. It is here 6 ft thick. 3 ft 6 in of Lower Asford shale are exposed. The Coriferous is 5 ft 6 in thick. The lower part is grey crimi- cidal and is 4 ft 4 in. thick. The Upper Asford joint is dark brown and is 14 in. thick. Resting on the Cor- iferous is Black Shale. 125 A short distance further, wes, two thirds of a mile from the church at Raywick, the Black Shale rests on the Coriferous at 892. The Upper dark brown Conifer- ous is 22 inches thick. Of the grey coriferous 18 inches are exposed. It may have been thicker. 12H 875 at the northeast side of Ray- wick. One square east of the church, the top of the Lower Silurian is exposed at 875. The upper 5 ft. 6 inches of the Lower Si- lurian are formed by a hard rock, unlike the Madison below and dif- ficult to distinguish from the Chintir above. The difference is this. The Lower Rock is finer, is found in thicker layer, quite mas- sive, and free from chert. The Chintir consists of layers about 6 inches thick, with thin layers of chert on the upper surface of these layers, and with some

The upper [illegible] consist of a dark lamin rick, The Coniferous is overlaid by Black Shale. 124 cont. 10. Continued- layers of clint 2-3 inches thick intercal- ulated. at the locality here de- scribed, there are 10 feet 6in. of Clint or exposed. About 11 feet are not exposed. About 8 feet of this proba- bly consisted of Lower Osgood shale, and the remainder of the grey crinoidal Conifer- ous. About 15 inches of this grey Coniferous are actually exposed. 12 inches of dark lamin Coniferous lie above. Above this lies the Black Shale. 13. 123 About two thirds of a mile west of Raywick on the road to Gleamings and Howard town, just before reaching Prather Creek, the top of the Lower Silurian is exposed at 840. This is overlaid by 8 ft. 4 in. of Clinton, and this in turn by Lower Os- good clay. 122 840- ? Less than half a mile beyond Prather Creek, the top of the Osgood Clay is seen at 863. The thickness of the Osgood beds is not known here and therefore the level of the top of the Lower Silurian can not be definitely ascertained but it is estimated at 840 or less. On the Osgood Clay rests # 8 ft of grey crinoidal Coniferous and 8 inches of dark fine grained limestone. Above this is Black Shale. 121.- Nearly a mile beyond Pra- ther Creek, the road to Glean- ings turns off southward and within two thirds of a mile, elicits the north- nern bank of Rolling Fork. The top of the Lower Silu- rion is here at 840, and is formed by 1 foot of hard rock overlying the Madis- Son bed. The Clinton is 7 feet thick. Over it lies the Osgood clay. See next section.

120 A short distance westward, at a fork in the road, turn away from the Rolling Fork, and go about 200-- yds. Here the upper part of the Ozgood beds are ex- pored, at the edge of the woods. The Lower Ozgood clay is calculated to be about 44 feet thick. The Ozgood limestone judging from the next locality is 1½ ft, thick and the Upper Oz- good shale is 1ft 6in thick. The Laurel limestone here is 9 ft 2 in. thick and is directly overlaid by Black Shale, nor Crn- ciferus being visible. 119 About half a mile further less, a high bluff partly concealed by the woods, shows the Black Shale- Cruciferous contact at 890. Nor Cruciferous is exposed. The Laurel limestone here is 16 feet thick. The Upper Ozgood clay is 1ft 6 in thick and the Ozgood limestone is 1 ft 8 in thick. 93 The top of the Lower Silurian is estimated at 835 118 L8 840. A quarter of a mile further the road crosses Rolling Fork, and a little over a mile westward connects with another road. In the south east angle of the road the bottom of the Black Shale is seen at 875. Nor Cruf. nous is exposed. The Lau- rel limestone is 4 ft 8 in. thick. The Upper Ozgood clay is 2 ft 4 in. thick. The Os- good limestone is 1-1½ feet t thick. The top of the Lower Silurian is calculated at 840 feet. A little over a mile and a half, northwestward, a short distance after crossing Rolling Fork westwards the north, the bottom of the Black Shale is seen at 875. Nor Cruciferous is 2m The Laurel limestone are is 7 ft 6 in thick. The top of the Lower Silurian is calculated to be about 840.

92. Sorry from the last local- ity about a mile north- ward, soon after enter- ing Welen County the road to Bleanings turns sharply towards the south- west. A little on a mile further beyond a small stream, the base of the Black Shale is seen at 865. It is un- derlaid by about 5 inches of grey crinoidal Corniferous and this in turn by 5 ft 6 in. of Laurel Limestone. 96. Half a mile further, after considerable turning and crossing over Rolling Fork, the little town Bleanings, is reached. Two miles- southwest of Bleanings, first after recrossing Rolling Fork towards the north a large exposure is seen along a road leading to a mill. Just before reach- ing Bleanings, the base of the Black Shale is exposed at 855. Below it are 4 inches of grey crinoidal Cornif- erous, 7 feet of Laurel Lime. 95 stone 14 feet of 14 inches of Upper Ozarkd shale, and 18 inches of Ozgard limestone. 93. Two miles southwest of Bleanings, just after recross- ing Rolling Fork towards the north, a mill is seen west of the Fork. South of the mill is a fine exposure. The trp of the Clinton is exposed at 837. find the base of the Black shale at 866. The Clinton is 6 ft 2 in. thick. The Ozgard beds are 2.6 ft 6 in. thick. No Ozgard limestone can be differentiated. Its luprizon may have been higher. The grey crinoidal Cornif. crews is 0 20 in. thick at the north end of the exposure, Near the southern end it was not seen at all, although This may have been due to removal by percolating wa- ters. Above the Corniferous is the Black Shale. There is a strong dip south- wards = 5 1/2 ft in 49 steps.

The road from the Mill follows nearly the eastern side of Rolling Fork to Ham gland Farm, 9 miles from New Haven. About 4 miles from New Haven, near Trace Creek the Black Shale rests in the Laurel limestone at 805. About a mile southward, where the road runs closely along Rolling Fork, a high drift east of the road shows the tip of the Cuyond shale at 810. The Laurel lime- stone is at least 20 feet thick. The Black Shale level is therefore about 830 here, and the dip is south- ward. A little over a mile north- east of New Haven just south of Day's Run, the base of the Black Shale is exposed at 835. The Black Shale rests in the Laurel limestone, and the base of the Laurel lime- stone is seen at 810. (New Haven to Balltown.)97 A little over 3 miles east of New Haven, south of Price's Creek, the base of the Black Shale is seen at 853. It overlies the Laurel lime- stone. North of Price's Creek, the base of the Black Shale is seen at 863. It overlies 2 ft. 8 inches of Coniferous. The upper 8 inches are dark brown. The lower 2 feet are a grey crinoidal limestone and contain good crinoids. The Laurel is found unnamed slightly beneath. A little over 2 1/2 miles north east of New Haven, a short distance beyond the junction of the New Haven with the Bethlem and road to Balltown, the base of the Black Shale is exposed at 930. No Coniferous was seen. The base of the Laurel limestone was seen at 922 quite a distance southward, the fault being northward. The thickness and thick

(Balltarn to Holy Cross Church) 99 fire have been considerable. The top of the Clinton was seen at 9 02. The Beograd beds were therefore at least 20 feet thick, probably 25-ft. The face of the Beograd beds is joined by a rubble of lime. The Beograd Super Beograd Shale is at least 25 feet thick. The Beograd limestone is 5ft 6in thick. 75 About a mile and a quarter S.W. to S.W. from Balltarn, on the north side of Sanding Run the base of the Clinton is seen at 885. The Clinton is about 13 feet thick. The hard massive rock at the top of the Super Silurian is 6ft 4 inches thick. 80 A third of a mile south-east of Balltarn the face of the Black Shale is seen at 940. It rests on the Sandal limestone. 74 Half a mile north-west of Balltarn, in a little shrub bed, the top of the Clinton is seen at 9 04. The Clinton is 14 to 17 feet thick. The drift comes in owing to the imprecision ability to distinguish the Clinton from the hard rock at the top of the Super Silurian. This would place the top of the Super Silurian at 890. The Clinton contains Streptodonta etc at a + Septacena (illegible) 81 Less than 3 miles south-east of Balltarn, at the junction between the Black Shale and Super Sub-Carboniferous, the characteristic nodular layer is seen at 1020. 82 About 3 ½ miles south-east of Balltarn, a short distance before meeting a north and south road, the base of the Black Shale is seen at 932. It rests on about 15 inches of a dark brown fine grained mud, and this on the grey 4ft cribridal Carboniferous. Only 1-2 feet of the grey crinoidal rock was seen, although there may have been more. The Sandal limestone was too weather.

(Holy Cross Church to Sorelto) (83) - About a mile southward from the junction with the N+5 road, a stream crossing the road shows the base of the Black shale at 1000. It overlies about 2 feet of the dark brown fine grained Devonian and this lies on at least 1-2 feet of grey grunidal Ca- neiferous. There may have been more. The Squire limestone occurs beneath. (102) - A short distance north of the Holy Cross Church, the road crosses a stream. The following section can be made out on going west- ward down the stream. The top of Black Shale at its junction with the Sub carboniferous is found at 1030. The top of the An- sel, beneath the Black Shale is seen at 979. The Upper Oegord shale is 2 feet thick. The Sarel limestone is 3 feet thick. The Upper Os- gord shale is 2 ft., the Oegord limestone is 22 inches, the Spur Oegord shale is below. For thick- ess see next section. (103) - Along the road south east of Holy Cross Church, the Sarel Oegord shale is 38 feet thick. The thickness of the Chlinton can not be determined, although Chlint with Chlinton fossils is seen in the soil. The thick- ess can not exceed 11 feet and may be much less. (104) - A little over 3 miles south east of Holy Cross Church on the road to Sorelto, the top of the Ollernarian bed is seen at 920. The top of the Lyeany stone at the top of the First Silurian is seen at 1008. Chlint or Chlint fragments or clay above this str level, but the thickness is not known. (105) - A mile eastward, the road joining the Mautar Sorelto pike, near a church. Two- thirds of a mile southward and about the same dis- tance north of Sorello.

the following exposures are seen along a stream east of the road. The top of the Black Shale is seen at 1052. BE- neath is seen 1 foot of dark brown Devonian. Below this are 8 inches of grey Ordinal Coniferous, at the northern end of the exposure the Clini- ton is 6 feet thick, overlying the massive rock at the top of the lower Silurian, which there is 11 feet thick. Within a few hundred feet north- ward the Clinton thins out and the Coniferous rests on the massive rock at the top of the lower Silurian. The Clinton dips north- ward. - The level at Soretto was 1075. Springfield-Fredericksburg. (101)- About a mile and a half west of Springfield, a road goes south westward, crosses Cartwriglts creek, and then turns westward over the high land between Spri- field, Mant an and Freder- icksburg. Just before reach- ing Wheatley's Branch, it ranamed because Mrs Betty Wheatley lives on the west side of the Creek, in the bottom, the following exposure is seen. Same distance down the hill the Conumaria bed is exposed. Over it lie light brown clay shales; this dips into grated Madison. Over this lie the hard banded Madison zin, 8½ feet thick. Above this are 5 feet of brown shaly Madison. At the top of the lower Silurian the hard brown massive rock is 10 feet thick. The lower Silurian- Clinton junction is at 1202. The Clinton is 4 feet 2 inches thick, but only Orthus flabella was seen and my residence of shert was in sight.

The Clinton is overlaid by 1ft of rotten basal Niagara, and above this are 16 feet of very typical Lower Osgood clay shale, 16 feet thick. Along the road the rocks dip strongly northward; south of the road they dip south- ward \ , and the trough of the synclinal dips west- ward so much that at the top of the hill eastward there is no Clinton or Os- good shale exposed. Towards the west the trough must dip eastward since here the Clinton is found high up in the hill. Owing to the trough the Osgood clay was preserved here. It is not seen for miles west- ward. West of the creek at Wheat- ley's, the top of the Colum- baria bed is seen at 1240. East of the creek it is seen at 1170. This is probably due to the trough formation above mentioned. About 100 About 2 miles west of Wheat- ley's Branch, 1/2 mile east of Mc Intire's store, the fol- lowing Clinton fossils are found in fine Clinton clay: The Clinton probably runs just along the road level. Oterinea luiza Artus bifurcata Artus elegantula Artus flabella Strophomena patenta. Clinton level at 1260. 99 The Clinton - Lower Silurian junction is here at 1262. The Clinton is 7 feet thick. The Lower Osgood Clay is 4½ ft thick. It is immediately over- laid by a great abundance of weathered cherty Orvis ferns fragments. The Clinton con- tains Artus flabella. 98 About 3½ miles west of Mc Intire's store above the road forks to Wheatland and Frederickstown, Clinton chert is abundant at 1215. Our massive L.S. 97 Just south of Fredericktown at the A mill (and the top of the mas- sive LS rock is seen at 1175.

107 Fredericksburg to Boston. [73] A short distance NW of Bot- land, 4 feet of Laurel lime- stone are exposed. The upper Osgood shale is 2 feet thick. The Osgood limestone is 1 1/2 feet thick. The levels be- tween this locality and the next make the lower Osgood shale about 50 feet thick. This apparent great thickness may be due to a northerly dip in the rocks. [72] In Cave Run, Tetradium animum is found bellow- they bridge, in a greenish clay rock. The massive brown rade at the top of the lower Silurian is 9 1/2 feet thick. The basal Niagara consists of thin fine lime- stone courses, light brown, leaving a total thickness of 2-3 feet. If all layers be made in this the Clinton still has a thick- ess of 17 feet. The top of the lower Silurian is at 1060.

Where the road to Basling crosses the railroad, there is a school house, a third of a mile eastward is a railroad cut. The Culm maria bed is exposed nearly a mile eastward in another cut. In the present cut, the Tetradium bed is well exposed forming a 3 foot layer, over- lying the banded Madison bed. It contains also Labeclua. The hard was 21ve rods at the top of the Upper Silurian is at 12 feet thick, and contains cal- cite crystal mason. The Clinton is 14 feet thick. Immediately over the Clin- ton the basal Niag ara is formed by 4 feet of thin- limestones and clays. The total thickness for all the Ozrood beds is 35 feet. The Lame is exposed above, how thick is not known. The top of the Upper Ozgrad shells found at 1150 The following is a list of fos- sils found in the Clinton: Orthus flabella Ortus elegantula Ortus bifurata Strophomena dimidialis Treplesia Oruni, drevival. Streptelasma calycula Cyathiphyllum Daglmanu 14 alcyites catenuatus, Stomatipora concentrica. Being from the cut west- ward the Ozgrad section is obtained. Crossing the Basling road in which the school house is situated, the Laurel limestone is ex- posed in a railroad cut, and for some distance west- ward, (1185) a little over a mile west- ward there is much Devon- rian chert in the soil. The Devonian may once have directly overlain the Laurel limestone low but certainly did not work stra- to higher than the Wal- dum. (1200)

68 - A little over three miles east of Bardstown the RR crosses over the Goshen-Bardstown road. Just north of the RR, along the road side the Waldron shale is exposed above the Sandel at 1205. The Waldron contains: 4 Atropka reticularis 2 Muttfieldella muticoida 3 Retzira erax 1 Helrifer. Large, stony foliating. See figure. Endora 67 - About 2 miles from Bardstown in the Bloomfield poke Calyptrea Miagarenensis is found near the top of the Sandel limestone. - Judging from a section on Middle Creek given by Limrey, 17 1/2 feet of even bedded rock occur at the top of the Sandel and below this are at least 12 feet of cavernous rock. 49 - at Withrow creek 12 miles west of Bardstown the base of the Clinton is found at 1070. 51 - At Buffalo Creek, about 3 miles west of Bardstown, in the west side of the creek, the base of the Clinton is seen at 1080. 52 - West of Cedar Creek, 5 miles from Bardstown, the following section can be seen. The top of the Clinton at 1050. Basal Niagara consisting of 2 or 3 feet at the base of the Snelgood shale, with thin limestone layers. About 20 feet of their Snelgood shale. 1 foot of Cedar limestone, rather soft. 2 feet of Western Snelgood clay, 4 1/2 feet of Sandel limestone 3 3/4 feet above the base Calyptrea Niagaraensis is found. Very good thin course exist in some distance below the 42 ft. level, a 1/2 foot of quite good at we exists at the very top. The Waldron shale is about 10 feet thick. Only 1-2 feet of Snelville limestone was exposed.

It is not certain here just where the Coniferous could come in. 53 6 Two miles west of Cedar Creek, oolitic limestone forms 2 feet at the top of the Laurel limestone. Only the upper 22 feet of this formation are exposed. Atysa reticulata is found in the oolitic layer. 54- 5 at Gibbs Shames house, 4 1/2 miles east of Burton, the oolitic layer at the top of the Laurel lime- stone is seen. On and just beneath this layer occur the following fossils: Calymene niagarae. Dichinantes liriculus. Strophomena like alternata? Phycozella vestiana? Atysa reticularis, acann form. Stephanocrinus. Eucalyptocrinus crassa " 2 other species. 113 The Waldron shale is 12-13 feet thick. 11 feet of the Lino- sville limestone are exposed, base of Waldron at 1043. Three and a half miles east of Burton, the base of the Wal- dron is seen at 1038. 55 4 56 3 At Amelia Workleys, 3 miles east of Burton, at least 15 feet of Linnerville limestone occur beneath the Conif- erous. The total Devonian section is 5 ft 6 in thick, which about 3 feet consist of dark brown rock with white crinoidal fragments inside. Beneath this is grey crinoidal Coniferous. The Black shale is found immediately above at 1040. Oolitic at top of Laurel limestone east of Cleas Blounts's house, about 1/2 mile, in the Linnerville limestone is found Pentamerus of elongus, Alcyites cat- ticulatus, coarse. Over it is found the Con- iferous, the base at 1040, after a rain. 57 2

58- East of Chas. Blant's house, 2 1/8 miles East of Berlin a little North of the road among some Cedar trees East of the gully East of Blan- ton's house, the Cornif- erous rests on the Louis- vile limestone. The Cor- niferous is 8 feet thick, and the Black Shale rests im- mediately above. This is the finest Corniferous section. - Berlin-1000. R.R. level. Above line of Black Shale. Boston to Bardstown via Beech Fork. 115 - Berlin, about 1000. 59. Half a mile East of Ber- a road turns Southward towards Nelsonville just beyond Sick's Creek, the top of the Black Shale is at 1000. There are about 5 feet of Cor- niferous rock. The Louis- vile limestone lies im- mediately beneath. 66 Two miles farther, the Nel- sonville road crosses Beech Fork, just before reaching Beech Fork, a road turns off Eastward, and after passing through two gates, reaches an exposure a mile East of the Nelson- ville-Berlin road. The exposure lies West of Mrs. Edie Rogers house, west a creek valley separating the two. The oolitic layer at the top of the Sandstone stone is found at 753. It is 2 feet thick. The red sandstone is 13 feet thick.

The Laquidville limestone is 13 feet thick. The Cornifer- rous is 5 feet thick. The Black Shale was seen farther east at 1012. In the Laurel limestone beneath the Oolitic bed were found Dalmacrites limularis, Ortho-ceras articulatum, Platy-stroma Majarensis Cornifer oriza Atrypea peticularis Playnciella Strick- landi. 65 9 Half a mile east of Mrs. Cadie Rogers the Oolitic layer at the top of the Lau- rel limestone was seen at 1018. 64- West of Snake creek the Oolitic layer at the top of the Laurel limestone was still visible. 63- A little over two miles east of Snake creek the road leads northward towards Cedar Creek. Near the bend a small stream crosses 117 the road exposing its upper part of the Clinton at 985 with Stricklandina can- cum. 62- About a third of a mile northward the Corniferous rests in the Laurel. The exposed part of the Cornif- erous is 3 feet. The total thickness may have been 5 feet. The Black Shale base is immediately a- bove at 1065. 61- About a mile and a half northward just before reach- ing Cedar Creek, a little stream following the road exposes the following section. 13 hard irregular Clayey Wash on rock. Bluffy. Heavy massive brown sand at top of L.S. 9 feet. Clinton 13 feet. Lower Ostrcod beds 26. Part of section not meas- ured. Corniferous in upper Laurel. Orthus elegutula in Clinton. Orbata.

60 A little over mile south of the Berlin Bardstown pike the Coniferous - Black Shale junction is seen at 11/10. 05 45 Along Cumberland and Ohio RR. to New Market and Stewart's Creek. Lebanon 1000. 150 At the top of the Madison beds south of Lebanon, in the pike running parallel to the Cum- beld and Ohio RR. Top of Lower Silurian 1008. 147 Near top of Fogels hill, 2 1/2 miles South of Selma. Base'd Black Shale at 1022. Conifer us 14 feet thick, We see 2 feet dark limer. Met 2 feet full of coarse chest. Remainder with the moderate quantity of chest, in any layers blue in clay. Conifer us lies directly in the Madison beds, the thin bedded Madison. The sole dip so strongly southwards that in several hundred feet the Black Shale level (rose) falls to 960. The An- tiguidal summit is south of 2. 145 - On the south side of Rolling Fork half a mile west of the railroad, the Madison beds are exposed.

5 ft 6 in. above the base De- tradiun is found. The Ma- dirium rocks seem up to 26 1/2 feet above the level of the fork. The top of the Madirium here is, cut 878. [illegible] West of Calvary cemetery, along a small stream, the top of the Lower Silurian is seen at 870. The Cornifer- ans is 8 ft 4 in thick. It is overlaid by the Black shale and rests directly on the Madirium beds. east of 144 a) In a stream bed north of the distillery west of the RR only Black shale occurs even in the stream bed. The bottom is at 870. The syn- clineal may be at this place. Inclined moderately north- ward. 146) At the RR cut half a mile north of Rolling Fork, where a creek crosses the track, the top of the Lower Silurian is at 870. Coniferous thick, Black Shale and we. 121 147 Two miles north of Rolling Fork is a valley formed by a stream. Half way between the road and Cloydo Creek the base of the Black Shale is seen at 902. The Conifer- seems to thick. The Lower Silurian is not seen. 148 On Cloydo creek near the mouth of this stream only Black Shale is seen, but further down stream the top of the Coniferous is seen at 885. 149) S dry from Calvary Church about a mile westward, an exposure is seen east of a considerable stream. The circular Coniferous measures 3 ft 4 in and rests on the Madirium. The Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 880. 141 South west of New Market where the road turns off to the Mill, the Black Shale, Subcarboniferous junction is at 857.

142 At the dam south east of the mill near New Market the Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 860. The Coniferous is 3 feet thick and rests directly on the Madison. 6 ft of the Mad- ison are exposed at the dam, but owing to a western dip, the LS things out and dis- appears by the time the west- erm end of the exposures is reached. Computing 9+10 the synclinal axis must be south of 9. 135 About a mile east of the junction of Stewart's creek with Rolling Fork, the base of the Black Shale is seen at 875, just west of a small stream. 136 An eighth of a mile down this stream, the top of the Black Shale is at 857. There is (tiny) northern dip. The Conifer- ous is: 9 feet thick. It rests directly on very typical Mad.- ison rock in the highest layer. 123 4 inches thick- showing fossils- handing tryzons. 137 Two miles east of the junc- tion of Stewart's creek with Rolling Fork a spike starts northeastward to Lebanon. At the road corners there is a southern dip. A little over a mile northeast along this road the Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 900. The Coniferous is nearly 10 feet thick. 138 Further along, where the stream flows on the eastern side of the road before going to the western side a bed with Columnaria and Beatrice modulata is found imme- diately beneath the Conif- erous but further south, where the stream returns to the eastern side of the road this bed is found fully 6- 8 feet below the Coniferous. This is due to an unseen furnity. The large Silur- in an dipping plainly

southward while the Cnife is almost level. I should be noted in this connection that still farther south- ward at 12, the Cniferous rests on the Madison above the Calamispora bed. (139) About 1/2 mile west of the New Market pike the Black Shale rests on the Cniferous at 965. The Cniferous thick rests di- rectly on the typical Mad-i son beds. See observation above, what for they tally. Far- ther East, on the south side of the road, the typical Mad- ison is well exposed, slip- ping eastward. (140) A short distance south in the junction with the New Market pike the Black Shale rests on the Cnifer- erous at 962. Lebanon to Riley, Gravel Switch, Mitchellsburg. 125 Sel-ann 1000 161.- About 2 miles east of Seba- nun a road turns off south- ward at a black smith shop, a stream in the field NW of the shop shows Madison rock dipping SW.1065. The same rock is shown in a new- dug well just west of the next railroad crossing going eastward. 162. Half a mile south ward, up a hill east of the road, the Saur Dilarian richly fossil- iferous rocks in situ are overlaid by Cniferous dbris in the soil at 1115. The Wurchinqua bed is found near the foot of the hill. 1115 LS 163- About 3 1/2 miles east of Sel-ann, east of another railroad crossing, Mad-i son rock is overlaid by de- bris of grey crinoidal Cniferous and cherty Cniferous at 1100. 164. Four miles east of Sel-ann a road starts eastward, just south of the Railroad

Blade Shale rest on dark brown Coriferous at 1105. 165- a short distance south- ward, is first of the road Black Shale rests in the Corrif. crums at 1095. The total Thickness of the Coriferons is 8 ft 6 in. The upper 32 inches are dark brown with white crinoidal remains. Below is a 4 inch layer of chert. The lower 5 ft 6 in consist of hard white lime- stone, sparingly crinoidal. The Coriferous rests di- recty on the Madison beds. 166- Half a mile southward, just before reaching a junction with a road coming from the north- East, the Black Shale rests in the Coriferous at 1085. The typical Madis- on beds are directly be- neath the Criniferons 127 167.-Returning by another fork of Pipes Creek towards Perrico; about 2 miles and a half from Perrico Black Shale rests in the Coriferous, at 1075. The Coriferous is at least 5 ft 6 in. thick. At the base of the Coriferons is a 1-2 inch layer with Ambr- colia. Directly below is a lower Silurian layer with branching bryozans and 168.- About a mile and two- thirds from Perrico the Black Shale rests in the Coriferous at 1090 169.- Within half a mile of Pe- ricle the Black Shale rest in the Coriferons at 1142. The Coriferous rests direct- lly on the Madison. The Madison beds show a strong southward dip.

172-Nearly two miles south- east of Perrice the road crosses the railroad just beyond a curve North of the track, at the Curve the Black Shale rests in the Cornifer- ous at 1210. The Cornif- erous is 11½ feet thick. 173-Half a mile eastward, just before reaching the Riley-Bradfordville road, the Black Shale rests in the Corniferous at 1055. The Cornif- erous rests directly on the Madison, but the Mad- isom is not thick so that a slant cut it once below the very fossiliform lime- stones come in. On Mad. son shows a strong dip southward. 174-a little over a mile southward on the Riley-Brad. fordville road this Black Shale rests directly on the Lower Silurian for a long stretch at 1[illegible] The exposures are good, li- ing along along the left side west of the creek. The Black Shale rests in 15 feet of Madison rock, at the base of which are 3 feet with Columnariaphora alve- lata, Tetradinum + plenty of Lower Silurian fossils. Below this is another great thickness of Madison beds. The Madison beds dips 175-Two miles south of the Railroad, the Lower Silurian rocks in the branch dip gently south- ward. 176-A mile and a half Eastward up the Northen Branch of Rolling Fork, north of the residence of Robert Hendley, the Black Shale rests in the Corniferous at 1086. The Corniferous is dark brown and is 3 feet thick. It lies directly on Lower Silurian in the Column- ariaphora alveolata and Cellus- ta.

181 Where the road to Gravel Switch leaves the Rolling Fork road the Lower Silurian Alyps southwest, distinctly. 180 A mile south of Gravel Switch the Black Shale rests on the Corniferous at 1095. The Cornif- erous is 8 1/2 feet thick. The upper 2 1/2 feet are dark brown and fully calcite masses. The lower six feet are gray, a coarse chert layer occurs 1 foot above the base. The Cor- niferous rests directly in the Madison beds; 15 feet of Madison rocks were pierced there is a strong wet bond up. 179 Half a mile south of Gra- vel Switch, the Black Shale rests on the Cornif- erous at 1098. The Cor- niferous rest directly in the Madison, 178 A quarter of a mile S. y Gravel Switch the Black Shale rests on the Corniferous at 1130. 131 179 Just south of Gravel Switch the Black Shale rests on the Corniferous at 1170. - RR level at Gravel Switch is 1170. 189 Just south of Aliceton, on the west side of the road is the house of Shelby Cal- vert. NW of the Gravel Black Shale rests on the Cornif. erous at 1190. The Cornif. erous is 10 feet thick. The upper 4 feet are dark brown in color, contain calcite masses but few fossils. 6 feet below the top is a heavy chert layer 3-4 inches thick. The lower 6 feet are a light colored limestone only sparingly crinoidal. The Corniferous rests di- rectly in Madison; the top joint layer which contains chert, petro fritsima.

190.- A short distance south of Calvert's house, a road leads of eastward and then southward through the woods, east of the creek. Near the house of Doringa Surpass, the Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 1170. The Coniferous is 13 feet thick. The upper 3½ ft are dark brown, contain many calcite masses but few crabs. The lower 6½ feet are a light brown limestone with few fossils, and few large crinoid stems such as are characteristic of the Devonian base. The Coniferous rests di- rectly on the Madison. The nodular layer is seen in the main road at 1200. The Black Shale is at least 35 feet thick. 191.- A mile and a quarter S. of Alexaton, the Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 1140. A short distance N. The Coniferous rests directly on the Selkir clay & madine. 133 193.- A mile and a quarter east of the junction of Mill Creek with Scrut Grass Creek is the house of James White's house, north of the creek, within cast of this house the Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 1135. The Coniferous is 13 feet thick. The upper 4 feet are dark brown. Below is a heavy chert layer - 3-4 inches thick. The lower 9 feet of Con- iferous contain round masses of chert; the Coniferous rests directly on the Madison beds. The fossiliferous lower silice shale is seen farther down the hill. 194.- From ½ to 3/4 mile east of James White's house, on the south side of the creek is the house of Sanford C. M. McCarty. It is 3¼ miles to Wilt Shell's hrg. The Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 1140.

134 The Corniferous is 9½ feet thick, The upper 3 feet are dark brown. The lower 6½ feet are light blue, with chest nodules and crinoidal remains. The Cornifer- ous rests directly on the Madison. The Madison is 26 feet thick and over- lies the rocky fissile C orniferous beds. The exposures are southeast of the house. 195— About 3¼ mile beyond the home of J.C. McCarty, and a short distance west of B.H. Edwards the Black Shale rests on the Corniferous at 1095. The Corniferous is dark brown sand and is 6¾ feet thick. It rests directly on 5 feet of hard siliceous shale at the top of the Low- er Silurian. The same Silurian rocks dip al- moust 20 degrees north- ward, the strike being N 70W. No evidence of the Onweda was seen anywhere. 137 196 26. North east of the rail- road station at Mitch- ellesburg, the Black Shale rests on the Cor- niferous at 1208. The Lower Silurian rocks are found immediate ly northward but no actual contacts were seen. — RR level at Mitchells burg. 1222. 127

Lincoln County. Hotel 1000 236 236 5 being from Stanford about 3 1/4 miles NW on the Danville road, the Black Shale makes its appearance near the top of a hill. Thence it dips with wards and is exposed resting on the Corniferous at 1140-962, in front of Mr. Christman's house west of the road. Southeast of the house is a little streak running NW through a corn field. This shows the Devonian to be at least 6 ft thick. It is dark brown & brecciated, excepting a little at the bottom. The Corniferous rests on the Madison, but the Madison has a few fossils in one layer. Artio occidentalis and Gaster bignata. North of a break into which the streak projects the Lower Silurian is very insignificant to the top of a glute hillside. There is evidently a deep synclinal or possibly a fault here. There is no doubt about a little shearing. The Devonian brecciated & contains calico masses. 139 235 4 At Buffalo Spring about a mile east of Stanford in the Danville road, the Black Shale rests on the Corniferous at 10-28. The Corniferous is very distinctly brecciated in appearance, and deep blue color where fresh, otherwise dark brown. It is at least 5-7 ft thick. No clepe contact to 200 but it overlies only a short distance the Madison beds. The dip is strongly north at the spring but along the road southward dips severally. This suggests a deep synclinal. There is evidently shearing, 231- Just NE of McKinney's on the road to Stanford, the Black Shale dips at a high angle 20th ward, it soon becomes more nearly level or going southward. 5-230 In the RR cut at the south end of Mc Kinney's The Black Shale rests on the Corniferous at 1080. The dark brown

brecciated Coniferous is about 8 feet thick and the finer grained rock below [illegible] 3 feet thick. East of K.L. Tanners house, 2 miles west of the cut, the Con- iferous rests upon the Mad- isim. The only light thin conicle is better exposed 1 miles northward along the rail- road when it has some resemblance to the lower Coniferous at Duffins cut. 229 On the road following Green River valley south of the river about 24 miles west of the railroad is Arch Austin's house. A good exposure occurs in a gully west of the house. The Black Shale overlies the Coniferous at 989. The Coniferous is dark brown and is brecciated. Its to- tal thickness can not ex- ceed 16 inches. It rests di- rectly on typical Madison Strike N 60-70 E, dip 10-20 S. Contains calcite veins. 141 128 A short distance after making a bend in the road west of Austins, the Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 989. The Conifer is dark brown, brecciated and about 16 inches thick. It rests direct- ly on Madison beds. The dip is S then nearly level. The Madison is about 20-25 feet thick at least. The total section not seen. 215 From the road to Middleburg about 1/2 miles NE of Mid- dlebury and 1 mile SW of the house of Ellis Pickles, a road turns southward. Northwest of the road corner is a steep hill side, and up the nearer angle ap- parently runs a fault plane between the Black Shale and the Inner Silu- nian rocks. These are Madison below followed by Murchison beds a few feet above. At this line of the fault the Black Shale strikes N 45 E, and dips east. 2 1/2 mi. E of Lincoln Co.

213. Yosemite is 5 miles from the Lincoln Co. line 1 mile SW of Middelburg and 7 miles NE of Albut. A short distance N E d Yo- somite, the east side of Krub- Lick creek presents a fine exposure of Black Shale resting directly on the Madison at 970. There is no Coniferous. Between 7+8. Going from Yosemite's mile post, just before reaching Green River Church, and 2 mile S. of Green River, the Black Shale rests on the Madison directly at 1030. 214. Between 7+8. at the head of Krub Lick, Middelburg, on the E side of Krub Lick creek. The Black Shale base is at 996. The Madison is found 16 in-- clos below. The inter- mediate rock is too de- cayed when seen for ready determination. 215.- In Lincoln County, just East of the line, on the road from Middelburg to Mt. Salem. The Black Shale rests on the dark brown Crecated rock, the Coniferous, at 1046. The Con- iferous is 3 feet thick. It rests directly on the Vradi-- can. SW of Jonas W. Austin's farms. 226. On the north side of Pine Side Creek, west of the road, The Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 1025. The dark brown Conifer- ous is 5-6 feet thick. East of the road, and several hundred yds north ward, this rock is under card by 4 feet of rock which may possibly correspond to the Lower Coniferous at Duffin's Corn. The undoubted Madison lies below. 227. Nearly a mile NE of Salem, on the road to McCanney, The Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 1100.

14. Along a road which runs the Rutl-front, 3 miles NE of McKinney, the Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 1210. The Coniferous is dark drum brecciated, quite thick, and rest on the Madison. The strike is N 25 E. The dip, 20° S. - at the road corners at the foot of the Knobs, in a direct line 2 mile east of Progressville, the Black Shale rests on the Coniferous at 1128. The Coniferous is dark brown brecciated, 2½ - 3 ft thick. It rests directly on the Mad- is m. Strike N 40 E. Dip S. - at the face of the Black Shale the dip is South- ward. 1 N. of a road corner, 2 miles NE of loc. 15, and 2 miles south west of Stanford. Second Trip. Until 1000. RR track stood 1030... On the road leading south from Stanford, 3 miles from town, is Neal's Creek Church. A short distance eastward upon the creek the Black Shale rests on the Clinton at 1025. The Clinton is 8 ft 6 in. thick. In the stream bed it has a whitish or gray, rather massive although occurring in layers, and is sparingly crystalline in some layers. At the base of the Clinton, at the bottom of the lowest layer includes numerous rounded piece plastic hack pebbles, usually by from ½ to ¾ inch in size, a few only equaling 1 inch in diameter. The Clinton rests on the clay, blue Madison. The fossils found are found in the Clinton: Arthris flabella, Cramm. Arthris elegans la Strichimma patenta. Rachydietya triplicata. Cyathiphyllum calycula. Flavostella Niagaraensis Ward Halysites catenulatus The fossils are found here,

new in front of John Raines farm. The Clinton here very much resembles the hard rock called Top of Lower Silurian, at the East Section visited on Sand Branch Creek. D style Cr. No 25. Where the strike is weathered it has a peculiar rusty brown appearance which is very characteristic of the Clinton in Lincoln Co. [23]- 7 A little over a mile south eastward, just far beyond Hale's Well, the base of the Black Shale is seen at 1075. Six feet below contain no exposure. Below this is typical Madison rock. [239]- 8 Half a mile eastward and then half a mile southward in the Halls Gap road, the Black Shale stone base is seen at 1110 south of the black. with clays, and right of the same the Clinton is yet at the road side, but there is no contact. [240]- 9 About a mile south of Hale's Gap Station, the Black Shale base is seen at 1125. About 10 feet of rock below the shale are too decayed to be rec- gognized but below this line is undulated Madi- som. [24]- 10 On a road turning of eastward, the base of the Black Shale is at 1140, [242]- 11 Being a mile eastward in the last mentioned road, and then nearly a mile southward, the base of the Black Shale is seen at 1125. The Clinton di- rectly beneath is here 15 feet thick, and rests on the clays Madison. The Clinton is quite curr- due although the stone has laments are of smaller size. The increased thickness indicates less error in eastward, not increased deposition. 147

243- 12 The road now bends east. ward. About half a mile from the bend the Black Slale rests on the Coniferi rous at 1110. The Conifermus is a very dark grey blue rock, like the lower part of the Coniferous in Duffins cut. Two feet 4 in are ex- pred but it is evident that 5 feet of Coniferums are spitted here. The Clinton rests on 7 1/2 feet of Ozgood clayey shale, and this in turn in the Clinton. The Clinton is quite thide but it was not measured. 244 13 Half a mile i actward on the Cox & ap road, up a creek, the Black' Shale rests on the dark brown brecciated Conif- crus at 1050. The Ch- iferous is 11 1/2 feet thick. 2nd contains Devonian Sprifers and Atrypetic relas. I see fairly well stratified rods handled, still Coniferous however, underlies the Conifernsal- ready described + overlies the Osgood. the Clorster but I did not determine its age. The possibility of it being San rel limestone should be kept in mind. A con-siderable thickness of Osgood clay & shale is found beneath and is exposed in the road going Eastward up the hill to the creek. It may be 35- to 40 feet thicker. The Clinton is found in the creek bed exactly at the road crossings. - Notice 8 1/2 ft Clinton at 17 Possibly same " at 18 Possibly little more" at 19 Not more than 10 ft " at 20 15 ft Clinton at 22 With thicker at 23 23 to 25 feet at 25 The Cast is its regular thick- ness, unaffected by erosion. - At 23 are 7 1/2 feet of Osgood At 24 are 35 to 40 in. " And possibly same Sandel at 25 about the same. 149

245 14 Going from 24 straight Eastward: one of the branc hs of Cedar Creek is crossed exposing on the Eastern side of the creek from 23 to 25 feet of Clinton ark, weathering rusty brown. Below it is the typical Madism. In the Clinton are found: - Arthur flabella, good. Arthur lyprata strepomena thambi- dalis. Cgathrophyllum Day- twhake. Cgathrophyllum calycula. 246- 15 Quite a distance up the stream, taking a right hand fork, a great thick- ness of Ozrord Clay. Shale is seen. Perhaps 3 ½ to 4 ½ feet. A clint distince SE of the Ozrord Clay Expr- sion in the creek bank beneath a house, is other exposure 151 above an old abandoned house, a fine spring is seen here issuing from beneath a bluff of 9 feet, presumably D gravel rock, at the upper edge of a brule. the lower better stratified Conifermos. 247- 16 On the road from Cha- pel Gap to Crab Orchard, about 2 miles south of Crab Orchard, the creek bed east of the road shows Black Shale rest- ing on 6 ½ feet of dark Brown Coniferuos at 1063. 248- 23 a Just north of Crab Orchard west of the Chapel Gap road. The Black shale rests on the dark brown Conifermos at 1065. - Crab orchard RR 1078. See the sections near Crab Orchard for evidence that the Laurel has probably not come in yet.

Third Trip- Crab Orchard. Staunton July 10th. Depts 10:30 249 - On the road from Staunton 17 to Crab Orchard, a short distance northwest of the road leading to Walnut Flats the base of the Clinton is seen at 1018 resting in the Clays Madison. The very large crinoid beads charac- [illegible] of the upper Clinton are found here. 250- Nearly a mile southeast 18 ward, before reaching a road turning off southward, the base of the Clinton is at 1095. It is as if ice was breaking who or cracked open. It rests on the Clays Madison. The Madison is at least 20 ft. thick, probably much thicker. 251- About half a mile before 19 reaching Cedar Creek, the base of the Clinton is seen at 993. It contains Cyatho- phyllum calycum and strep- telasma Dayi Hemis. good. Large crinoid beads, charac- teristic of the Clinton are found at the east end of the 153 exposure in the upper cour- ses, west of the culvert. Nine Clinton is seen east of the culvert and the estimate of its thickness is placed at least at 20 feet. (See next exposure which is better). There is a strong dip S.E. 252- East of Cedar Creek the base 20 of the Clinton is seen at 961. It is at least 31 feet thick, and contains large crinoid beads. There is thickness of See page 1 1/2 ago 27 feet exposed in one gen- eral section, above this are 3 feet of blue clay and the 1 foot of limestone again. Probably this might be called basal Niagara. The is a strong S dip evident. This may thicken the section. 253- Half a mile eastward, 21 before the road turns south- ward towards the railroad, the top of the Osgood clay is seen at 1020, so that at the Osgood clay is about 60 ft tick, making no allowance in dip while away in view the section greatly. total us section

254 Half a mile southward, where the road begins to fol- low the railroad track, the railroad cuts show the base of the Black Shale at 1007. The brecciated Coniferums is 30 inches thick. A bluish layer is 3 feet thick. Below this are 11 feet of well stratified rocks. This total thickness of 16 1/2 ft. must be considered Coniferuns, viewed in the light of sections 35 and 38 at Crab Orchard. Below this are Ozgord clay shales, very typical. 255 At the west end of the houses near the railroad, at Crab Orchard, the creek banks show high up the base of the Black Shale. Below are 8 inches of the brecciated layer of Coniferums, 2 feet of rock with spinifex but distinct quartz grains, with masses of calcite, and a few ends. Below this are 16 feet of rock, firmly which are well stratified and unlike the ordinary Devonian as the more western ex- penses, most of the Anti-cli-nal. The lower 2 feet however are full of crinoid dal remains, contain large Crinoid stems such as are characteristic of the middle Kentucky Coni- ferums, and some can also. I immediately drove in the basal part of the well stratified beds, are found Spinifex with bringe margins 3 1/2 in does long, evidently De vonian. The intermediate are well stratified rocks almost devoid of fossils. 257 258 27 Two miles north of Crab Orchard, at James Mill, the bed of Dix River runs in the Clinton. The top of the Clinton is at 944. The top of the Ozgord clay, a mile southward is at 1022. This makes the Ozgord at least 80-90 feet thick. No account is here

taken of the probability that a slip of the pen may have given rise to this apparently immense thickness. The Coniferous is 11 feet thick. The upper 4 inches are dark and brecciated. The layer immediately beneath the brecciated layer contains numerous corals. The base of the Black shale's is at 1040. Dinner. The barometer not recorded. 258 Where the road east from Crab Orchard depart crosses Black a branch of Black's creek south of the R.R., the base of the Black shale is seen at 1023. The Coniferous is at least 12½ feet thick. The upper 7 feet do not show many fossils but the lower 5 feet are densely crinoidal and full of un- doubted Derbium crabs, 259 Crab Orchard to Garrard Co. At the school house near the northern part of Crab Orch. a road leads off N.E. to the southern end of Garrard County. Near the town end the base of the Black Shale is seen at 1075. The Con- iferous seems only 7-8 feet thick. 260 A mile and a half north eastward, the bluff beyond Dix River shows the edge of the Black Shale at 1080. The Coniferous is 10½ feet thick. Since the creek bottom does not reach the clinton at 1205 where the tip of the ledger is at 1085 (return trip) the ledger must at least exceed 80 - 90 feet. 261 A little over a mile south eastward a branch of Fall Stick Creek, shows the base of the Black Shale at 1068.

262 Half a mile north east ward, just before reach- ing Barrard County, the base of the Black Shale is seen at 1065. The Crin- iferous is only 6 feet thick. The upper 4 inches clay brecciation. The bed of Fall Side Creek is at 1030 so that the thickness of Ozark clay Shale exposed represent only the upper 35 feet of the section. - 1082 RR. trade at Crab Orchard. Garrara Cr. 159 27 East of Cartersville, B one f Black Shale at 1086. Then, 4-6 in. Sandy rock. 11 ft. brown brecciated Coniferous. This great thickness probably due to displacement of fragments after break- ing of original thinner beds. Undertaken 9ft. 4 ft. of light colored, well stratified rock varying from clayey to silicious. Interbedded with it is 2.5 ft clay. 270 2ft. 2 ft. solid rock, with large radi- cipods and containing in lower part, large crinoid beads. 12 ft. 12 ft. Clinton, reddish brown, with large crinoid beads. Streptelasma clintoni, Dactylosis, + calycula. Madison rock. 269 2. West of Cartersville, at New Store, On block N2 f store, W. S. Allen's. A considerable thickness of breccia- ted Devonian, then Devonian in the chest, and a short distance down stream is well bedded rock, strike N 35 West. Dip NW variable. Its color is dark blue, sandy texture, and it is the rock called the lower part of Devonian in sections at exposures farther east. Below is greenish clay, upper part of Upper Silurian.

See page opposite for 3. 3. East of Carteroville (in Parish Lick Creek) 2 1/2 miles, E side of Wazoo Fork. 8 ft. of succiated Coniferous. 4 ft. with heavy chert. Below this is dark grey, bedded lime stone, like lower rock west of Carters ville. Thickness not measured. 10 feet down to limestone beds in hill sides w/ good Orthus flabellites, Valcamona. Several feet of clay. + 2 foot layer with large brachiopods and large crinoid beads, 12 ft of continuous Clinton m. 8 mi. & word there appears to be a very considerable appearance of clay w/ me or two interbedded limestone between the Whitfieldella bed, and the Devonian. In fact the amount of clay intervening between the Dev. and th Whitfieldella bed is apparently well comparable with that at the Sam Todd section, which I got the best measured section = Rocky Branch, Madison Co. At the road crosses at the head. 268 waters of Kennedys branch, Clinton in the road side. 532 3. 8 ft. brecciated Coniferous. 4 ft. Coniferous w/ heavy chert. 3 ft. dark grey bedded limestone. 10 ft. clay. Possibly thicker. 1 ft? thin bedded Limestone b/it flabellites. 15 ft. upper part not exposed. Several feet of clay in lower part. 2 ft. Whitfieldella layer Orvis beds. 12 ft. red brown limestone. 267 53 1/3 mi. E. of section 6, on road crossing Brandy Spring branch, east 1 th Branch. Below Black Shale, at 12:30, at least 8 ft. upper part of Coniferous is the brecciated dark brown rock characteristic at this level. Distance between Coniferous and Chert unknown. Entire thickness of Brandy limestone claimed as Chert m = 16 feet. Near upper part (7 feet from top?) area a layer, all large crinoid beads, Cyathiphyllum calculeum, Diploeria ornata, small corals valves. Typy Madison, w/ th U.S. branch by Bygraves.

6. At sharp angle in road where it descends to stream bed, 2 miles east of Rob't Parsons farm. A short distance S. of road corners next mentioned. Massive brecciated rock at top of Devonian, so much weathered as to be recognized only with difficulty. S.W. of meeting of 3 roads, between the Rob't Parson's road comes and the section described below, section several feet. Heavy beds of Dev. chert, thick. Corresponds to the heavy chert beds at top of Dev. in Lincoln Co., about 10 ft. below the base of heavy chert beds, numerous angular chert fragments occur in the soil. This is probably an Oxford clay section covered by chert fragments from above, 5 ft. clayey shale, 15 in. limestone, lump part after, 5 ft. clayey shale. 8 in. fairly hard limestone layer, 4 1/2 ft. irregular limestone, with interbedded slaty concretions at one much broken. 8 in. fossiliferous limestone, 4 1/2 ft. slightly gray limest. with interbedded irregular clayey beds 1/2 ft. limestone with large crinoid heads. 9 ft. Clinton limestone layers, more continuous. Base of Clinton = 1240. medium beds. Back of the farm at Rob't Parsons place there is a continuous section of 8-10 ft. of blue clay = probably the Oxford clay. 7. S.E. of Doc. Hunt's, 1 1/2 mi. S. of spike. Steep hillside descending northward along old road now abandoned. Upper Clinton section unknown, 1 ft. tender coquina, rotten. 3 ft. clayey shale and soft ark. 6 in. hard layer. 5 ft. 6 in. clay + broken limestone beds at base is West fieldella laterino. 1 ft. harder layer with large crinoid heads. One bed = 28 mm. across, Cystiphyllum calycula, Strophomena rhombri Lali. (Ammites). 5 ft. practically continuous rock weathered reddish brown. very gradian rock.

265 8. 1/4 mi. S. of pike through string- town to Jake Maurin's, shift of Wood Walkers, along road crossing a stream and then continuing 2 northward up a steep hill. Cornif. shell fragments. No exposure. 20 ft. Beyond thin fissile clay shale. 15 in. solid limestone layer - white. 4 ft soft blue clay. 13 in. limestone layers, various tints. 12 in. Claygy limestone. 12 in. white limestone - slate. 14 in. softer limestone. Layers. 12 in. Argilaceous limestone. 3 ft Clayey rock + soft Claygy limestone. 6 in. harder claygy rock. 6 in. soft rock 8 in. limestone. 6 in. softer stone. 22 in = limestone with large chert beds. 17 in. softer limestone. 9 ft 8 in. same tint as above no cherty limestone. To me at 2:30 E.J. Lamarista, 11 gate to W. side of road, 5/8 mile 273 Madison County. W. J. Lamar Todd's farm on S. side of Overly branch, Paint creek, 14 miles E of creek. Black shale. 13 ft. Dew. 5 ft clay. 6-9 in. red brown rock/which is- milky white inside. 15 1/2 ft. clay. 14-9 in. two reddish brown stone, some white at some place: some layers of this stone, = 3-10 inches of larger Whitfieldite. 76 ft - Bella = 1950. On hill on W side of creek's head, stratification calcareous on E side with lime ellate. Dew not measured here About 12 ft. in western section. 30 The lower part of Dew is well bedded + dark blue. 5 ft. middle part has chert nodules, 0-5 ft. upper part has decidedly bre- ciated appearance. Varies from 0-5 feet.

275 10) N of Berea to RR cut & stream b. Crossing 2 3/4 mi. N of Berea, The dip as shown by Dev = 33 ft. in two miles going southward. Near Berea the dark brown recrystallized rock of S.M sections, reveals the cleety Dev. This bed was not noticed at RR cut. nor was the cleaty layer near there. The RR cut is 2 1/2 mi's N of Berea. The Devonian limestone is here 5 ft thick; 20 inches above the base fish teeth are very common in the bottoms of one of the limestone layers. Fish plates are also common. 4 ft of greenish slaty clay are ex- pried below the Dev. The total thickness of this clay is believed to vary between 10 1/2 and 13 1/2 feet judging from the absence of limestone exposures at this level along the RR. 13 feet of limestone with interca- lated clay beds Section along the RR + less reliable than would be a vertical section. Differs as leads: 1 ft Limest layer with Platystrophia biforata, Streptinlynelmus, plant form corals. Relicites and shell tus. Large crinoid beads. 3 1/2 6 in reddish brown limestone in clay at top are large crinoid beads Stelf-- 1670 tubasina calyculata, Madison top at 939. 274 Near Berea 1/2 mi. N of railroad to Corrife, or l. is 8 1/2 ft thick. Near top it becomes very cleety. Towards the base it is not very sparingly cleety. Overlying the same cleaty layer at tooths is this recrystallized dark blue Dev limestone. Judging from beds dev scattered in the fields the thick- ess of this recrystallized rock nearly, is not quite, equals 5 ft. Exposures on west side of RR, north of a culvert, where a stream passes beneath a culvert. 275 bis At the RR cut 2 1/2 mi. N of Berea there is no recrystallized place by the Dev discernible; nor is there any cleaty bed. There is not a trace of crust present at mine corral? Nothing resembling the heavy cleety beds seen near Berea. The total Dev line is 5 ft thick

276 11. RR cut 2 mi. S. of White's Station. Black shale. 3 in. Dev. blue argillaceous gritty limestone with fish teeth. 3 ft. limestone with shaly partings. 10 in. blue shale. 7 ft. 6 in. limestone with shaly partings. 2 ft. 8 in. blue shale, 1 ft 4 in. more solid layer with Orinid leads + Mint fields. 3 ft. limestone with shaly partings. 12ft. 6 in. Base of upper beds with only a few large crinoid leads, landing dry from to 3 ft. more fluid limestone with shaly partings. 4 ft 4 in. massive layer at base. Madison beds, only 2 feet exposed near RR, more in field NE of RR cut. Dip of rock is southward, hence Madison appears in field above the level of base of Clinton in RR cut. 277. On Kingston and Boone Gap Turnpike. Berea 1000 ft. Base of Black shale 952 feet above. 1 mile N. of centre of Berea, in thin bed. Lingula is common near base of Black shale, in the stream bed according to Fischer. 4 in. chert with cup crags, radiating, same as S. of Lebanon; 3/4 coral. 8 ft. Dev. limestone, Upper part with large characteristic crinoid stems. 278. The greenish blue clay shale underlying the Corniferous is not well exposed in previous section. About 2 1/4 miles N.E. of Berea, where Joe's Lick Fork crosses the pike, an exposure can be seen by mile west of the road, south of the fork, east of Bever Terrell's house. Here about 13 feet of blue clayy shale underlies the Devonian limestone. A large reddish brown limestone with calcite crystal and nodules is assumed to belong to the upper part of the Clinton, Primory dolomite line modelled out from in P.

279 Moberly, 1/2 mi. S. of Moberly a stream Crosses the RR track, a short distance east of the RR. In the bed of the stream is seen the base of the Black shale, thence, E. down stream= 2 ft. limestone 7 ft unknown. 5 ft. limestone with abundant chest concretions and rare specimens of crinoid stems large, and Spi- rifer Coriostrea. Half a mile eastward, at creek, 12 ft solid limestone forming an os. carpment, possibly the upper 5 feet of this bed form the cherty layers described above from near Moberly. Level is 800 feet. 5 1/2 feet clayey limestone, thin layers weathered back, but little exposed, 25 feet not well exposed. Presumed to be blue Osprod clay. This clay is exposed just beneath the clayey limestones. Only a few feet are seen. 17 feet of limestone with inter- calated clays. 3 specimens Limestone layers in the Bruce Crinoid leads, Whitfieldella, Oithon, plebel lites, Lepidocrea rhomboidal, Strep- telasma calcicola, occurs at 13 ft 6 in. above the Madison. The Clinton is reddish brown, solid limestone.

(172) 252 Cwt. from p. 153 Stanford, just E of Cedar creek. 3 in. limestone. 1 ft clay (crinoidal remains minute. 8 in. limestone. brown 5 1/2 ft. chiefly clay 1 ft. rock like that immediately below [illegible] red brown gritty rock. Large crinoid beads. 3/4 in. diam. Leptaena rhomboidalis. Whitfeldella in 1 foot of rock mentioned above. This is the base of the Ozgood. 11 1/2 ft. red brown granular rock: Clintan. 1 1/2 ft doubtful hard rock. Clay rock - Ordovician, Clay rock, weathered to clay. 254 16 1/2 ft Coniferous, blue like lower rock at Junction City. Ozgood clay beneath the Coniferons. 245 Just W of C G Ware. 1/2 mi. W of Crab Orchard depot. Ozgood clay < short interval. 11 ft [Large crinoid beads common] Clintan. 2 ft 5 in hard rock. doubtful age. (173) X Sav. Borne farm. E of home, in E side of creek. 3 mi. SW of Crab Orchard, 1/2 mi. from Cyrene Ware. Many feet of Ozgood clay, 1 1/2 ft. red brown limestone. 5 ft. soft blue clay 4 in. limestone, light brown. 6 in. blue clay 6 in. limestone 2 ft. clay + thin limestone 3 in. red brown limestone 5 feet clay + rotten rubble stone 2 feet hard red brown limestone crinoid layer, 11 feet red brown stone. 2 feet - doubtful rock; Ordovician. 242. W of Ben Napier, SE of Hall's Gap Station. Black Slate No Coniferons 4 1/2 ft unknown. Crinoid layer at top of Clintan.

174) 281 South of Pandora. 1st section 6 ft. Devonian, with chert in up- p[er] half. 38 ft of grassy slope, (Clayey) 50ft clay or limestone 33½ft clay 1ft red brndl. 15½ft clay 4 ft limestone. Clay. [illegible] 5th. 6 in. limest. 6 ft well bedded. Lyzella at tip 10 ft massive Clinton. Ordovician. Devonian at Brassfield = 6 ft. Photos 8 9 Clinton Pandora 10 11 12 Corn. at Brassfield. 280 At RR cut N. of Pandora. 2 ft. limestone. Crinoid beds & Whitfieldella 1 ft red purple sandy rock, 2ft. 1 ft clayey rock. 10 ft. well bedded limestone. 6 ft. massive, more thinish. Ordovician. 282 On N. side of road from Pandora to Brassfield. Devonian 33 ft? {15 ft clay, over 3 in limestone. 5½ft clay, over 6 in limestone. 2 ft clay, over 6 in limestone 9 ft clay + rubble over 8 in brndl. 10ft clay ? 10 ft erld limestone Clinton. Rocks appear to be much tilted hence thickness of sections unreliable.

Boyle Co. Alum Springs. ---- 1 Nelson Co. Bardstown, E.gton -- 7 Clermont - 13 Perce Valley - 17 La Grange ---- 23 Duffins Cut ---- 29 Shelby City ---- 33 S. of Shelby City ---- 37 McGeland, Lincoln Co ---- 39 J.S. Underwood ---- 41 Carpenters Station ---- 43 Lebanon ---- 45 Duffilum Springs ---- 48 New Market ---- 53 Lebanon to Liberty - 55 Huntingville to Liberty - 63 Bethesmeneto Sretto ---- 69 Lebanon to Chicago + Raywick -- 79 Lebanon to Raywick+ New Haven - 85 New Haven to Balltown --- 97 Balltown to Holy Cross Church ---- 99 Holy Cross Church to Sretto ---- 100 Springfield to Fredericksburg ---- 103 Fredericksburg to Batran ---- 107 Batran to Bardstown. Beach Fork---- 115 Cumberland + Ohio RR, New Market 119 + Stewart's Creek Lebanon to Rileys & Grand Smith - 125 Mitchelltony Stanford to Yosemite & back ---- 138 Stanford to Crab Orchard ---- 145 South trip. Stanford to Crab Orchard, ---- 152 North trip. Crab Orchard to Garrard Co. ---- 157 Garrard Co. ---- 159 Madison Co. ---- 162

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