Diary, 1911, of trip to Idaho and Wyoming

Miller saw Fine Longuy 84000 acres Zaqia Land

Jackson March 17. 1911 Drove down 6 Leeks and 6 sweet places below. √ About Leeks and just below where Jim Lewis was feeding we estimated from 600 to 650 elk. In one bunch of 27 we 6 bulls. In a bunch of 100 were 15 bulls. In a bunch of 650 we counted 20 calves. Jim Lewis estimated that there were 200 dead calves from these bunches now aggregating about 600, and that their were at least 1000 originally before so many of the animals went up on the bare hills. Jim Lewis and W[ilson] both thought that only 10 % of the calves are now living, and that more would die. There are only a few spike bucks in the herds (the young flank year) indicating a high mortality for the preceding winter. Dope Robertson - Place at the lower end of the valley. He said he

Had been feeding about 400 or 500, out of these we thought there were 60 calves left and about 75 bulls altogether in the trench. We saw altogether probably 108 dead calves and not more than 6 adults. Out of 40 dead calves which we examined, 19 were males, 21 were females. Both Luk and John Wilson think that the males are less hardy and harder to handle. The latter said that out of 50 or 60 calves captured by him in previous years about 1/3 were male. Luk estimated that 25% of the elk that had been fed are now dead, that 30% of those that came in were calves. March 14. Brow out north of Jackson (Jackson, Wyoming) Mr. Crawford considers that on an average not more than 50% of the calves here, through the winter, many are cut down and are killed by predatory animals and many are left by the mothers being killed. [illegible] V. He thinks that if elk are to be fed a corral should be built, and why the elk go in they should be shut in, and the large one will come out along the calves and weak ones to be fed. Can not drive the elk out. Are not tame than 20 years ago. Have been decreasing yearly but

Three years. Thinks that number has remained nearly normal any past years on account of neighboring section being better than thus when elk came in here this cattle less than usual about New Year. The calves as many as the cows on Feb 19 1826 elk = 140 calving 59 bulls producing 15 calves. Over 100 calves born died and many within 4 days. Of the time they commenced to helped and the stomachs were perforated by slimm givillows Thinks not over 1200 in Snake R. Washed from North Pahlt Salt River. Mrs Caline did this year than last. Wolves killed a calf this winter (one) in Crawford. We hunted and each day (4 days) found a fresh ele killed. There were 4 wolves male scenting around. A wolf, in heat ming at wells oil gannie Killed one only the year. Used to trap many lynx males and females. Used to be many with but one dance. Modern fitting season. One seen in March Nearly this summer. A few now here now perhaps for 10 more counting about here Elk out spent 17 or 20 y left out though Oct and most of November. Rarely mate as late as December. Has known calves later born as late as any 70. Mr Cromford counted 1150 as we drove along by the line. Mr Mckinney counted 1111 + 26 (warm time) about 10 % are calves. Caribou about 40 are calves. about 100 of the bunch are rather weaker and probably 23 were very weak.

Frank L. Petersen (Jackson) is now ✓ feeding 400 elk. 2h herd contained very few bulls & calves. He thinks 70% if the dead calves or bulls say the bull calves die first. Thinks some country must be given up for the elk if the preserved field some pastures with high ground for a feeding and bedding place. When the 2 year olds and cows arrived he killed them. Calves recommends 5 bulls to 25 cows Cost of captive & range elk Spring & Deer would be about $5 a head. Cost of delivery elk to Briggs $10. a head ($25 in all). ✓ Thinks among a herd (mixed) 7,000 elk there would be 300 (high?) calves. ✓ Mr. Petersen has 27 elk on pasture Some which he had 5 years. Has had calves yearly for last three years. ask how many calves Jackson March 19. J.D. Zerrin Elk, Wyoming Thinks elk should be caught in early winter and shipped at once ✓ Are much affected with Ticks in Spring. Thinks a brush for stocking a range should contain a mixture of mixes and ages ✓ Of 9 elk taken from a semi domestic brush. 6 died in transit, out of 28 or 29 wild ones only one died ✓ Domestic elk do not furnish as good meat as do wild ones ✓ Elk could be caught and delivered at St. Anthony in early winter for $20 a head Less loss in moving elk one a year old than calves ✓ The first calves that die are mainly bulls ✓ Does not think that many fine Twins has seen several calves suckling one calf. ✓ Thinks that at least 2/3 of the grown cows have calves. During the last few years fewer barren cows have been noticed as the bulls have been a larger numbers

260 from Jackson Probably 230 tons were produced in excess of local legitimate demand this year about Jackson a hard winter is in favor of the sprang as amount snow Thanks an abundance of hay could be bought each summer at $6.00 a ton It is from policy to continue feeding elk without a special place Can be changed into a feeding ground ✓ 3/4 of the elk that come to Jackson came by way of State and ditch Creeks by the Gros Ventre and Mines ✓ Thanks calves only should be fed in an emergency like this winter Thanks it would be extremely difficult to move any large number of elk from them accustomed trails. ✓ Perhaps the kill that comes out the same preserve when there before they drop their young but many breed anywhere on the way back many young are drowned in streams. Most of them drop their calves in June Jackson March 20. ✓ Drove down south of town and returned a Cattleman R.P. Spencer. Thinks there are 20,000 elk in region of Jackson Hole. Thinks this was 7 or 8 thousand elk in the valley and adjacent hill sides when they commenced. Feeding. Thinks practically all the calves died in the region N. J. town, the only ones he has seen. Thinks 60% of the dead are calves. ✓ Thinks 80 to 90% cows old enough to breed (for 2 or 3 year) have young. Thinks there are nearly 200 dead elk on his place mostly calves. Thinks the bull calves die first. Thinks elk that stay back in the hills is better than those which come into the valley but those bucks contain few calves. Estimates 10,000 tons of hay produced a Jackson Hole. ✓ Has been very little surplus hay most years above demand for cattle. ✓ If this was a demand for elk hay then would be an excess and the price would go up to $7 or more a ton. Thinks that this is natural home of the elk and thinks that the sprang should be regarded and set aside for the elk. Then when the ele are fed the more they come would take in the section above the storm. This would include M.V. Gatterer

Place 320 acres. 40 or 50 acres of Lord Lane just above town The Crawford place, about 1400 acres. Jon. D'Anger's place (240 acres?) The W.L. Winegar place. Guy German about 320 acres. Henry Potcher, about 240 acres. Miller has about 360? acres ?Stevens has 280 acres (about) Enock Turnis has 160 acres. Other School Sector 640 acres. This aggregate area cuts 6 or 700 tons of hay which should be harvested Thinks this refuge would be sufficient would maintain the Game Preserve The last of November many elk were this area of the Snow Centre Are many deer elk this winter than last but has not been all one the rally since now here March 1st a year ago than last year Thinks it moved take 20 or 3 years to get the bulk of the animals to go into the refuge Travies prefer the state to have control of the winter refuge, and thinks that the revenue from the same should be drawn out to maintain this refuge. Thinks 1/2 the hay per day is enough 200 elk. To keep them in good shape Many elk die in spring felling a hard winter, and most of these are afflicted by ticks. Was a large crop of elk calves last spring on Soda Fork. (Lost 17 head of cattle from some) Parasorous Plank in 3 days Andrew Mattson (Jackson P.O.) thinks the elk have increased during the last 4 or 5 years. Thinks there are 25,000 elk in this region (Snake River drainage) Thinks there are plenty of bulls. Thinks 55% of the adult cows moved have calves. Thinks 25% of this last years calves are still alive but many more will die Thinks those that stay back in the hills fare better than those which come about the ranches as once they are fed. They do not try to

will food from the hillside. While they will return to any feeding ground from year to year- They will even try to get into haystack when they have plenty of food on hills Thinks there come a 10,000 elk in the lower part of the valley in the early part of January. Thinks that they must either be fed or the brush from. the Gros Ventre to the so called swamp area. There are 10,000 elk living in this region without feeding. More have died this winter than ever before excepting one winter about 20 years ago, when the Country was unsettled and there were then many more elk. Thinks the elk moved out here to be fenced except to keep the stock out in summer. would take as much hay as sheep Thinks that was 1000 tons of hay produced here above the legitimate demand. Thinks that hay could be bought for 6. a ton but that would not pay as well as keeping stock Moved advocate letting the elk get them own feed from the reserve. Thinks the bull calves are stronger. The calves are managed about September. The bulls are born in June, but later one. Of course both later on a quota. Summary Thinks the calves are much weakened by the ticks in Spring. Thinks there is no benefit to the Game preserve to the elk! Thinks that the Game Preserve should be opened to hunting. • Rutting season begins on the first full moon in September. They are mostly at night and morning. The rut is mostly over by late October. • Biddon have more than one calf. Thinks the proportion of the sexes at birth is nearly even. Thinks prefer the elk refuge to be under the Federal Government, as otherwise it would be done little. Though otherwise he would prefer it to be done by the state.

(Jackson) W.P. Redmond thinks that many people have said hay who stood there kept it for their own stock, and that the proportion to domestic stock cut fourteen and keep hay grills is unreasonable Does not think a winter range on the hills is desirable. Favors getting the strange and fencing at elk proof as then coring them into each county. It put up hay on the ground, and leave the strange grow as it is This had a good deal of trouble to keep the elk away from the stock when feeding. About 50 head have been about lately, including 16 calves. Many more come drawn array to the feeding grounds. Does not think any can be drawn out by any means Elk came to hay stretch on November when there was plenty of grass on the hills. Is not in favor of temporary fencing here and there, and buying hay for the elk creates a false market for hay. Would advocate the strange from Crosford or Butcher up roughly 2000 acres. Thinks this would disrupt the elk that come in Thanks that there are between 25 and 30 thousand on the Snake River drainage. None declined the last two years any to the death of so many Calves. Compared with 10 years ago they are much decreased and this has occurred mainly in the last 3 years. Is in favor of the Game Preserve big kept up. Is opposed to Federal control of any winter reserve which may be set aside but thinks the State and Federal Book Could combine. Said the state had not settled the question and ought to let the Book do something in the matter (More are much increased day the last Few years Coyotes are also numerous. (He was 7 a few days since)

Thinks 80% of the cows old enough Is placed (he thinks at 2 years) will Have calves. Hunting in September Disturbs the elk when coming and Make late births. These small calves do not winter as well Thinks the willow brush and woody stuff kills many of these calves Thinks at birth about 60% will be females. Say the Yellowstone Park elks are practically divided into two sets Those North of this Yellowstone divide going northward to Montana and those to the South of the divide come this way. Some Go out to the crest and winter in Idaho. Summer his cattle in Peter's Creek Many elk summer in that region More bulls come down than formerly Thinks calves need be kept to ship There were many antelope there last summer, and a good number but the last one was killed by coyotes [illegible] (Jackson) J. G. Fisk says that since the settlement of the country the forty ounce elk is restricted. Two years ago there were no births, but that year there were so deep that the cows improved as the elk decreased about 40 tons of hay. Then all the hay available was bought and fed them and since then they have both which as they come to the hay now readily. Thinks they must be helped from now on if they are to be supported in this region. Has been very little surplus hay for the last few years Moved advocate the arrange above Jackson Clear up to Peterson's place. Buy properly stacked mile keep in good shape for at least 3 years Elk have been own immune dry last few years How formerly. Moved prefer State control of any winter preserve that proved to set aside Thinks that if the game is not kept from enough by hunting the State showed desire of enough carcasses to keep down the numbers. $20 an acre a favorite for land

If elk were taken care[ful] limits, would be in favor of letting them increase but to be hunted moderately. Thinks that if the crop is enough to bear young many fawns. The yearling calves are the main one to die. Thinks the no better difference in the related number the sexes at birth and when they die. The first winter in the country, 1889-90 on Spread Creek, a great many elk died here. All ages died. Again in winter 1890-1 a great many died. In winter 1896-7 was a bad winter and many died. There were all hard winters. One winter a bull elk went out on the bank from a thicket. A fawn killed quaking aspen. The buck spread game will get poor toward spring through this and always be fat ones. There is always a certain loss among the young ones in spring. Then the young are weak they won't L.L. Lucas (Jackson) thinks came a little earlier than usual and in about that usual number has lost considerable hay. There are several hundred about not a great many have died. Thinks that an 20,000 in the Jackson Hole Country. Thinks they have increased in the last 5 years. But this may be owing to more being seen by the last few winters. Is not particularly in favor of the swamp area. Believes it better them somewhere convenient, and in feeding blocks. Is personally in favor of grazing them on Flat Creek but it proved be more economical. 4 feed them all around. Thinks it proved late some time to get them into any enclosure. Prefers Stall Control. But thinks Goat Control proved be better. Thinks that the state should derive a revenue from the elk by hunting licences and by selling surplus elk. 8 or 10 tons fawns

Jackson March 21 Albert Wilson thinks there has been an increase in elk during the last 5 years over the country generally and even in the Jackson Hole country. Thinks there are between 20-425 Chinese elk in the Jackson Hole country. Thinks if the arrange could be secured and guarded so that stock would be secluded and they were fed with it once a week, it would work for the health of the elk which visit this valley. Thinks the elk have gotten so they depend on feed. But if they are to be fed they should be helped from the first. Thinks that it should be fenced, cattle proof or better still elk proof and it would be advisable to segregate the calves. The elk go to the hay daily and hang together until nearly ready to go away and wait until next feeding time. Thinks 75% of the adult cows have calves. Thinks that horns are sometimes born, but he has never seen horns in the winters. Thinks early opening of the season as the - Thinks that 75 or 80% of the elk cows old enough to breed from young - Thinks that a few elk have horns. Has found antlered horns State Game Preserve should be maintained T.N. Nickell thinks they shrewdly brought in the summer and feed. Elk cannot be driven out. Is in favor of the arrange as a winter refuge. Should be fenced to keep the cattle out. Thinks hay would have to be fed in different places. Thinks that it proved to be difficult to get them into the one refuge. - Thinks there are 400 or 500 head all of the Park. Have increased by last 5 years more than and this year than any previous - Think about 80% of the adult females bring young. Thinks there are more F's than B's - Has never seen twins. Breed at 2 years.

Dec 21 means of destroying the breeding animals. There are not so many Constrictions in the Game Preserve. It shows the Montane Cent, that showed too much money to protect this game there is to pay wardens. Thus, a winter Reserve also worked as a great benefit and the Game Preserve worked them better in highest degree of efficiency. The young mainly die, the older ones living long many times which are weakened or torn down for natural causes, old age, over running, over nursing etc. The calves left without their mother (by death) also stand a poorer chance. While the cows usually nurse more or less up to the last of November. Has been killed a cow (excepting barren ones) but had much in the water. On this much at the mouth of the Mwombit Comm. in the spring. The noticed a great number of ticks in the wet bushes and the elle vossa Harbour gets hambus, The ticks also got on the horses the thins that approximately the same proportion of 8 & 9's due. Thicks that more 9's are born than 8's. Probably 4/3. The majority of the settlers kill cows for meat, but people from a distance more often kill Bulls, partly for trophies Because the swamp or other refuge is acquired to thins at places he under the jurisdiction of the Nat Govt. because of the better likelihood of the money being furnished for its care. The Hunter privilege should not be curtailed. The public sentiment has changed by the last few years or M-T much came to seem emotions of violation of the same laws.

Albert Neldon ✓ Mule deer. Lone increases only to the killing of Mt. Rains ✓ Sheep are more than ✓ Mares lone decreases very much ✓ There is an occasional whitetail ✓ The antelope are most all gone the prey of the sheep hunters. The past some time last summer. On the Dairy in 1885, the saw upwards of 3 or 4 antelope and one buffalo. Some of the ranches offered $50 cts each for the Kelly's antelope because they cleaned off the range. They were common up to 12 or 15 years ago

Chas.W. Beagle has never hunted much Thanks that they must be fed if they are to congregate in Jackson Hole. I'm from a sub-population of a montane refuge, preferable, to "prompt" this would not last long. All the elk but it would be necessary to feed some herds. Thanks it would require from 300 to 500 tons during hard winters. I have not fed elk however and does not claim to know what is proper. There could be secured for about 6 to a ton with the flesh. V. Think there is a normal average number of hay of about 700 tons thereof of the area on fenced will set free. Fewer they come to congregate. There are kids. Moved in favor of the state controlling the same, but if they could do so. The Federal control Think the game could be or managed to be self supporting. Think that probably the elk have increased during the last 5 years perhaps because they have been deemed some of this from range Do no favor of abolishing the Game preserve, because it is only a deer range, and this pleading. Aman range. Think this a breezy ground for coyote and wolves. Thanks there is much depletion by animals on the stock Since the Preserver was set aside Would not like to see Yellowstone Park grow up by Federal Govt. Think of definite rights are not not reached by the state, within the next legislative session (2 years) then the Federal Govt. should take control. Think it was a mistake for the State to task. Federal Govt Commit. Think the State could have managed the elk so that in the few years they would have produced a surplus for the Treasury If the Federal Gov't takes the lead it would be more likely to hold the entire of the land.

Nick 21. C.R. VanVleck. Thinks the elk must be fed when they need it for food as exceptional winters, and for this purpose to keep hay on hand Thanks, they have been decreasing during last few years. During the last three years in all of which years there has been a great loss of calves from hemorrhage only that this might be from 20 or 30 thousand Thinks feeding does not necessarily keep them back as they have always come here. Ordinarily the Swamp furnishes food for a very large number, and that 500 tons of hay stored in push up there. What stored is sufficient to keep them one year and another 15 or 16 thousand head of cattle are kept in the valley Thinks the Swamp would keep most of the elk without feeding Thinks 75% or more of the calves below the line have dies. Very few cows died and few bulls. 2 years ago he examined 25 or 30 and they were nearly all males Thinks the state ought to take care gets same, but in the event of the mortality or cannibalism given by it, the job. Then the Federal Govt. thinks Thinks that the Game Preserve is the breeding place of wolves, coyotes, Mt. Lions, and showed established (Mr. Milliews says that toward the end of the hunting season not only 15% of the cows still have calves as many due from various causes) VanVleck. Thinks that the wolves have increased during the last four years and may have been found in the Jackson Hole County Admits that most of the elements made are Therries and hord To look up Thinks any area need not be fenced elk proof

M.E. Williams (Jackson) says the elk must be fed continuously in two feedings, one above lawn and one below. Thinks 2 acres should be grounds for the purpose of feeding. Thinks that up to 2 years ago the elk had increased but since this has decreased. Thinks that 5 years ago a decrease then even more than at any time. Thinks feeding should be done by the State. Thinks more elk winter here on account of the Preserve and in such an area for protecting the Preserve. Before the Game Preserve was established the Sierra Nevada elk herds. Thinks need not be fenced elk proof (Jackson) J.H. Chambers thinks the Sierra elk should feed as the first influence would be extended. Believes in feeding an emergency only. Thinks after that most convenient alderwood some should be left out. The swamp is the best place for feeding. If fed in the swamp are cattle in field without a fence but should be fenced stock proof

(Jackson) Charles Deloney thinks there about 35,000 elk. Thinks they should be fed winters when it is necessary. If the amount of elk now here are to be kept up they must be fed, and some sold each fall. The swamp on winter is not suitable for elk in account of its freezing and does not think that bad natural pathways would amount to much. Thinks they should be fed here and then where Convenient) More been increasing during the last few years in this station, perhaps being drawn in by the over-crowding of the Sheep range. Thinks they have been protected here in Jackson Hole better than in most places. Has observed game in Wyoming for 40 years and is in favor of the wild game being protected. Has never killed elk, deer or buffalo. Thinks the State should look after the elk and is against Federal jurisdiction Thinks that 90 % of cows old enough to breed from calves. Most Cows have twins!!. Thinks It's get along better than it's Thinks hay should be gotten at cutting time and keep feeding carriers, and thinks that this will be plenty. 2-3 supplies hay. from year to year at $1 at ton Never killed anything in Jackson Hole but one elk. Used to see many white tailed deer along Upper Green River above the Canyon All more about Benth. Mr. Norman says used to be more in The Mosquito Creek Country and this is now a large herd Colony along Upper Green River above the Canyon are also many absent Alta Bent Norman and Deloney think ravens should be exterminated as they pick out the eyes of ele when they become weak

Frank S. Wood Out of a bunch of probably 200 which have wintered with only a little drog calibre, then have gotten no hay. Thanks that hay sprouts there 1898-7 this was very small mobility. 2 years ago the country was full of elk but feeding kept thin from loss They have always come here and no feeding was done until 2 years ago March 22 We left Jackson a few minutes after 6 and drove northward with the mail slip going to Moran. The road goes northward up the valley and crosses the Pine Centre about 10 miles above Jackson. In the valley is quite a growth of Cattlewood which are rather stunted. Beyond we came open flats for about 5 miles to Morant P.O. Beyond here the road descends very slightly, passes ditch creek at crosses Antelope Flats at this descends to Spring Creek When we stopped for dinner at Wilson Ranch. In the afternoon we crossed Buffalo & Cougar Creeks & more near the outlet of Jackson Lake.

(moraw) le.J. Allen thinks that the elk are about holding their own & last years Thinks the elk & Jackson Lake must be fed, and thinks more will be fed each year. Thanks they should be fed on the Swamp a great many elk pass Jackson Lake, proving the birth of three or four in Jackson Lake, and when the same way. Thinks 10000 pass by Jackson Lake in fall Thinks all the snarps from Cowgots North showed as all good for elk. 91 pieces against stock (only) the hay and pasturage would support the elk the corn that Thinks 1/2 ton to the elk should be fed Last year about 7/3 of the cows one 2 years old brought calves many calves until fall. Many calves about Jackson Lake. Most of the first calves to die are 93. Thinks stock ought to take care of the elk, so that they be preserved. Thinks game preserve should be maintained so much Stock grazed on game preserved a little stock grazes thru by Allen, Gregory, & Shepperd, Last year Hunker, Miller, etc had cattle on the same Reserve. The Preserve makes a good summer range for the elk. Some wolves bred back in the Mts. has not found dens but has heard some bear paws. Thinks the browns on Spread Creek came from the Green River side. Has heard no Complaint from wolves in the Park. Has not heard of any dens being found in the Game Preserve. When first wolves came into Jackson Lake about 10 or 11 years ago - The old settlers had not seen any for years. Wolves (North) says they first came into the Green River Country about 50 years ago as became a nuisance about 12 years

CJ Allen says that less than about 10 elk have twins. Antelope have only one in his experience. one in Colorado. He saw a mule deer with 5 embryos. This was near Salma Colorado about 34 years ago about Jackson Lane are a pure 'Grinch', 'Marten' 'Beaver', 'Lynx' - scarce. 'Robobets' a few after 'Coyote' plenty. Not many 'Kit Lynx'. 'Silvertips' rather common - have come into the yard. 3 years ago one was seen in the yard one evening. There have been none killed for 6 years and they as increasing in the Cone Briers. Thinks the birds destroy many young elk but has never seen me do it. I caught down silvertips in one trap with the head of whitetail a few sheep are still in the North of the Teton Range. More are increase. They were scarce when hunters just started Moran Mch. 22 BD Shephered thinks that 2 years ago there were 5000 elk in the Snake River drainage. Jackson Hole Thinks that this year there were from 20 to 25 thousand. Thinks they have decreased much due to last few years money going to the death of the young stock. There was little difference in the hunt this year, behind last year and year before. The Shores Be Stork Thinks will increase yearly and if protected they will be back to the old numbers next 2 years. Thinks 75% of the adult cows have young. Thinks calves are meant in September. The cows have much more wildness in September. Thinks 1/3 have twins. Thinks 75% of the calves will survive if not winterkilled. Thinks 1 stall could control the land and keep dogs and people off it, it would open for food. Thinks the valley for Jackson up should be used. It would be desirable to have

Thanks if Jedual Gost moved indistinctly at chroved he handled better and more psychologically of course with no substantial Thirty privilege. Thanks as a few years past of the elk herd to them. Donally crowned just below the lake, but this year crowned above. Anoth big bunch unusually Crowned 5 miles east on the Buffalo and twice from ditch lurch. Thanks the hap hazard way of Eddy's day the last few years has done much harm as the elk haster to the place 60 or 70 minutes last year men The herd of the Jackson Lake without apparent loss Thanks many could be luck on the Buffalos if fed Very few more left here at end November most half gone or down the valley Thanks the Game Preservn showed the kept up as this is a large number elk which as not more than until after the Close of the hunting season. Many horned wish it thorns open but to increase the hunting grind. Thanks they should help only when they need it, but they should be fed enough to help hold them. Thanks 2 lbs a day moved. suffice if the feeding was begun in time. was no demand for elk teeth until a few years ago except to trade to the Indians

March 23. Near Elk E Half (Elk) first came thay hu in 1876. Thinks they used to be about 50,000 in Jackson Vale. Thinks this are fewer than formerly, on account of death of the calves. Thinks the calves must helped by a winter range must be set aside. Has fed elk for 2 winters. Had them to buy. Few county of they in 1903 spent between 4 and 5 dollars on the rates no cows. Many of the calves were died then winters about his place. Found 2 dead deer but does not Know cause of death. Never knew any deer to starve. Has known them to be killed by both dogs and coyotes. 17 wintered this winter in buttes near his place. If fed in one place, all the elk in county will congregated there. Thinks elk come from Jackson in Spring and linger on the Gros Ventre. Thinks elk showed he feed near the place in Park. Elk come out of same prensa in January and conlue here A great many were killed by settlers in Spring of 1890 to keep them from the haystack and some died of starvation. Thinks as many as 1000 head of cattle grazed on the Game Preserve last summer, by Bob Miller and Shearer (latter cattle of Col. Frewler of Allentown, Pa) Thinks the People long on the same preserve showed he allowed To graze cattle but others shows not be allowed. Thinks the people long on the Game Preserve do not have more than 200 head of cattle and horses. Thinks an area on the Gros- Venture should be set aside as a winter refuge, and some hay put up for them. Thinks killing of elk under law

do not amunt To much Thinks 70 Go of the calves here Calves . Do not once that seen here turns Na. opener a great many and never saw but one embryo. in any. If fed in one place south if the elk in the region will franlate to that places in time Has been here continually since 1888. Few not many deer now less 30 or 40 used to winter the year 17 on the hills near this place Sheep are very much common than formerly. Antelope used to be in bunches I 4 or 5 hundred not very in summer. Did not here any wolves here formerly. Dec 1tho Last few years they have begun become in his thinks from the Wool Run side. Coyotes need to be found in small numbers but are now quite common as a fur Canada Lynx. Jack in the hills Has never seen me near his place. No Roberts . No goats a few mink, a few martens Bear are increasing. Concern Spread Creek are many in the Game Preserve and about 2- ocean Park. Moose , are about as common as formerly. Used to be many in the Teton Basin. One winter 150 more were killed in Teton Basin in winter of 1885-6. Has never killed a moose himself but hunting killed on Black Rock San. North of 2 on Lara Creek a few years ago.

Luite a duo bears forth grizzly and black Caught 5 black (some cinnamon) in spring of 1904. near his place. Red foxes are scarce. one in a while a cross fox is taken Thinks men should be station on the game preserve pumps If the state can take care of the game would prefer that if no woods advocate. Good management. Was with Lieut Don in 1876 (Apple pie, Danis & Taver) (wanted to go under name of Smiths) was afterward with Lieut Hall etc M. J. Cunningham (Elk) estimates 1900 elk in the Jackson Hole country. Thinks this are fewer than formerly but this may be wrong to the fact that they pass from farther to the east such in the hills then formerly and return the same way while formerly they used to pass forth along the gully before it was settled. Thinks 7/3 or more If the adult cows have young there has never been much loss among the elk wanting about Spread creek more has wintered here this year than usual. Thinks none wintered north of Buffalo Creek this year Thinks he feels that the elk winter as well about her as long to its fact your women here, and the hillsides, which blow and melt. Your are not so much fed by the stocks. Last year the elk came to the stocks early in the winter before they had become very hungry

Thanks that the Game Preserve Should be abolished. Thinks that is no protection to the elk except during the hunting Season. Thinks the Red Bulls should be Killed and not many Counists kill cows and gray Bulls. If the Game Preserve was abolished it would by more tourists into the country. Thinks if a area of sufficient size was found it would be the best thing but the land would have a second outright. Thinks that the elk should go to where any wolves fed above, other he thinks they could stop them. Thinks that when feeding is started it must be kept up so they could not root for themselves. Elk were dying full fast about Feb. 10. before regular feeding commenced. Moose are increasing and many are wanting along the creeks. 1. Blacktail deer are decreasing. A whale being killed by wolves which were heard with about 2 years ago. 2. Antelope practically gone. 3. Caught one black bear 2 years ago near home (Elk). 4. A few bears. They have moved since 2-3 years ago. 5. Marmots are getting scarce.

J.E. Tayloor (Elk) Thinks this land Must be give up to the elk if They are to get along in the same country with the settlers Not in favor of the Game Reserve as it serves as a breeding place for "predatory" animals Today from Wolfs. we climb up through pine woods with sounds of the butter bending Spread Creek on the north and walk along the creek to the east end for a couple hours. we saw probably 7 Elk deer 16 or 17 and a number of elk in the hills to the east end They had been wintering on the ridge Then we were but had gone back There were very few dead ones First several pictures one or two of deer and others J.P. Nelson (Elk) Thinks there about 20,000 elk in the Jackson area country. Thinks have herd them on drug last 5 years but have increased drug last 9 years Thinks more than 75 of the adult Cows have calves. Thinks thus are more than males but is not sure. Thinks that the elk should be fed whenever necessary. Would advocate that the Jackson County area for a breeding place Last spring was in Gros Ventre and a large number had wintered without much loss. Only a few housand at most winter there Thinks they could be fed in one place the large swamp area Jackson. Thinks if this were fed in one place they would go back to the feed water. Thinks 1/4 ton per ton moved feed on elk Would prefer the State to have control of any winter reserve As a valuable asset and a benefit to them and many other

because they attract tourists Shuts 43 of the People on the Origin Airline Avenue From the elk Thinks the Game Reserve should be maintained as a Game Reserve. There is not enough elk Hunting outside of Reserve at Present. Would like to see the elk kept up. and thinks it is best for the people generally Many elk are killed by wolves Stuffed A Flying Squirrel was seen on Mr Nelsons house Thinks moose are numerous Seen he thinks are merely Bear or more Martin 4 marks an Fence A gray elk Mt Lions are nearly exterminated and formerly common Thinks the wolves have come in from Green River. When seen Wolf Tracks or heard them in the Park. Plenty of coyotes in the Park. Raccoons live in the Jackson Hole cavity when he first came live in 1892. First heard about 6 years ago Last year Killed about 10 head of cattle. Kill a good many elk

Mch 25 (Grooms) James D May them this an 70 at 25,000 elk in Jackson Bar county Thanks about the same in numbers as 3 years ago. Thus, the Federal Govt ought to take the matter in hands and shoud furnish hay each season that is fed in this natural gathering places are when convenient any when in the community. Thinks they are at least 1500 to 2000 elk in the valley. Thinks that from 3 to 500 tons Foreset for contract for annually at $6 a ton Have been only 4 winters in 14 that storm racing, I feel elk and an average of 7,000 elk. Cridy is his father's support elk in counties when smottled Country above May's will all be settled such in five years. Is not on With fee then has moved her forced keep this from going. Thinks but could be taken back to some extent. Thinks they should be protected and can be made self supplying Thinks Us State game Preserva Shared or maintained until it turns to be a detriment. Thanks the colors are bred here to some extent. One was fetched under 2, 1896-97. It has known of 2 little being found in the hills. Thinks that they were from the Wind River Country. Thinks they are merciful. Thinks 400 to 500 hundred head elk have written about the Lower Gros Ventres. 50 high from Windward in the Blind Jack bottle

Grovont March 26. (Sunday) Sr. E. b. Steele (Jackson) Thinks the Govt should provide a supply of hay and feed them in some place (Preferably the ground near Belknap) when the ground is drier than the grass Thinks better Govt management of the feeding than may be 25,000 elk in the Jackson Hole Country. Thinks they have increased slowly during past 5 years. Thinks every rancher should be encouraged to raise a pair elk and it is allowed by anyone of them. Thinks 70% of the adult cows big young. Thinks the old bulls showed he killed 11 at the younger bulls, almost all on Thinks the 9's die more than the males Every 9 or 10 calves caught only one was F. Thinks another feeding place should be located on high ground somewhere in the South Park and fed in emergency. The calves should be segregated if possible and fed in preference to the old ones Thinks he got a feeding works Thunders one man at each feed ground corps to do the work. Thinks 300 lbs of hay each winter would keep an elk. Hay could be secured at $6 per ton Thinks the Stalls Game Preserve should be abolished. Thinks Coyotes, wolves, as Lynx breed them. Thinks lynxes pray on elk and deer. Saw a lynx attack a bull elk and kill at Lynx had scared the elk on the Trip, at which seen was in the animals head Librins the horns who within 25 feet the lynx left the elk and the animals ran away. Thinks the elk are kept back in the Game Preserve until dates and then come out in herds at an entry by the hunting. Thinks the elk moves he saved by the Preserve Day During Open. Thinks that more elk escape wounded they are killed

W.C. Shinkle (Grovert) thinks that there are between 50 and 35 thousand Have been holding their own for the last 5 years. Thinks that the ele which stay on the hills fare better than those which come down into the valley. Thinks, if it should lead to trouble in the Gross Centre with very little loss. Likes Cross there, any other place he is acquainted with. Lived there 44 years. Elk and Carcass cannot line together. Thinks the Drump showed been gotten and transferred from the elk for a winter range. They need to go through it for grazing and now they still go there. Should be fed this in emergency. Thinks that 15-75% of the adult cows have calves. Principally the young die from the old bulls get scarcely any too die. Thinks that 3 years ago the rain not enough hills, but the are plenty now. Thinks calves preponderate a little. Believes more 2 calves die. Thinks Game Preserve is a good thing in summer and its elk will like more than if pursued. Is valuable as a summer range and feeding ground. Does not think that the Game Preserve is especially a bad ground for solitaires. Now Common there formerly. Thinks came from the Gross River Country. J. E. Erwin (Grovert) thinks that from 350 to 500 elk have wandered about this vicinity, and there has been considerable loss (60 head mostly calves). Thinks that it would be practically impossible to keep the main herd of ele from going down. & Jackson again a bunch of 7 from 37 one winter about one haystack. Is part bothfully valued. Hay was fed to those 3 or 5 hundred heads. Thinks that this elk are important and should be taken care of. Thinks than on the average 10 or 12 elk inches worth on a ton of hay. Thinks that the Game Preserve is an important safeguard for the elk. Horses do not go to the God to affect the settlers some protection.

L Royer (Grovet) thinks the more 3000-2 years ago. Thinks there were 60 or 70 big elk. Thinks more are born than die. Thinks should be fed a bad winter, but those that play back in the hills winter without any considerable loss. Does not think that as many elk would winter a garden hole as before settlement. But on the Buffalos and other areas the elk do not winter. Now 60 or 70 bulls run the Buffalos on the same ground. These are 75 head, including to calves on Furgini Creek, and only a few few have died. Thinks that the elk if not fed would go on to the lower part of the valley. May 2 blacktails (a doe and fawn) have been feeding at the Haystack for about two months, or more at his brother's ranch. Copy by E. J. Miller, Oct. 1907-8 Charles Royer (Grovet) thinks that the scrapes showed in pursuit and defense from stalks. From Jackson of Grovet including Citizens. Thinks that enough hay could be cut in this area to keep the elk. Thinks should be fed when they need it only, and when its hay is not needed it could be saved. For had written Thinks there are 25,000 in the valley. Last Fall during the hunting season about the head count of the Groverents and about the Green River Lake the elk are plentiful. Thinks they are hardly enough bulls. Thinks they are a good population of calves. Thinks they are a benefit to the country but this time will come when they will be a detriment. Thinks a reasonable amount of expense is necessary. Thinks 90% of his people have revenue from elk

and all the people get meat Thanks the elk are worth 100 for meat to every family in the Jackson Hole Country Thanks The Federal Govt and state showed cooperate in taking care of the elk as many of the Nat Park Elk written in Jackson Hole Thinks the State Game Preserve should be maintained Thinks the pralines have came in from Green River and near Rawlins. Thanks deer are increasing. Antelopes are decreasing owing to being killed by Club Hunters. Many are killed illegally in the Reddient country. Has seen 1 antelope on a sheep hunter wagon 2 years ago before the opening of the season Many Marmots on Snake River. They are increasing and thinks the season should be extended longer than at present. Millium Bierer On Gros Ventre (Grovant) Say that in 1906 there were a good many MT Sheep at Crystal Creek Ridge. Since then they have nearly disappeared. A small bunch withdrew thus this last winter. Now they seen on the ridges near two towns. He and allboth seldom saw at least a hundred in a band in Crystal creek basin in 1895. Says that MT sheep have been killed but have been driven out of the country. Are now quite a number on the Tetons. Have seen any limpy jawed examples. Martin and taken within 2 miles of his house - used to catch them in the bottom Blue grouse less plentiful than a few years ago Reddied Grouse rather common Says grouse pass up this far Coyotes are increasing the wolf was seen about here this winter. Thinks they came in here from the Green River and Wind River country. First

noted them about 1904. Say none of them came from the Park or the Yams Reserve Came from the Cattle ranges down the Gros Ventre. Does not think the Yams Reserve increases Coyote. Has seen tracks of from Pvalve near the edge of Jackson. Deer not very plentiful about this place. Eagles said to kill the young Coyotes. Kill many Moose are found on Sheep Mountain. Were 5 this last year. Have been seen at Redman Creek and Turpin Creek. Lynx are not common One was seen near the house this Winter. Used to be more common. Think used to be rather common but have been trapped out Never saw any signs of other or some on Snake River Bearers are found along the Gros Ventre. Are some near his place. A few muskets are found along the Gros Ventre. Are found in Firily Cake near bore of Mt. Kerby. Thinks the Crystal Creek Ridge and adjong country is the best range for Sheep in the region. Thinks this were between 30 or 40 thousand Elk in the Jackson Hale Country, a few years ago. Have been much reduced by starvation during the last 3 winters (including this) Along the Gros Ventre there has never been much loss among the Calves. Has known as many as 10000 elk to winter in this Gros Ventre and on the ridges adjoining. This was written 1907-8. Probably 100 have wintered right about his place this winter and many others in the neighborhood 2000 hundred milled right about here. Last winter with little loss Last years many died from wood ticks in the Spring after camping up from Jackson Hale

Thinks the ticks get on the elk From the Sagebrush and bred on them, but are to be found on the Burles in Spring along an elk Trail, having dropped off the elk has never known of forms being born. Has seen sharry cows with calf. But never saw but one embryo Coming down in the Fall the elk Come across from the Head of Spread Creek across head of Ditch Creek, 1 Dry Cellarwork, 1 Pleat Creek, 2 Atherton Creeks, and then along the mountains Jackson Hole Some think that the Lewis Jackson Hole elk here come from the farthest north up in the Park Thinks the whole Jackson country should be grown up to the elk, and be made into a park. Then he thinks the elk would increase beyond the capacity if the country to support them. Thinks the State Game Preserve should be maintained of the State is to take care of the elk in winter It is a good breaking place for elk especially in an early spring when many cows go there before dropping their calves in a late spring. Many never have calves this side of two Persons. It is a great protection in the rutting season, and the ek seem to realize that they are safe there. All the people get meat, but only a small proportion of the people get any direct revenue from the elk! Thinks the country should be thrown open to settlement and cannot tell whether the game would pay or not. - White tail Jack ascend the Grosvenor to this place - Snowshoe rabbit descends to where the river enters the valley

Gros Ventre River March 27. Richard Furbish (Grovent) Think ✓ elk horse measures during the last five years as far as his own observation gives 10,000 ✓ heard elk pass his place every fall. Had about 100 around here this winter. He kept them away from his haystacks without much trouble. A good many calves have died but has seen no old ones dead. Says at Lafferty's Place many have ventured with some loss of calves. Have not gone back to the hills both here and at Lafferty's. Was a large crop of calves last year. Does not think there are any barren cows properly, but many loss calves. Does not wear thin calves until snow time. Have one calf. Has never seen Toms. Has cut open hundreds with young and men saw twins. Antelopes & deer sometimes how twins. Does not think that thus so much difference in sex by calves that die, but one year found a great majority of bulls died. In 1887 or 1889 there was great mortality, and when he first came in 1887 or 1888 he found 75 remains & a great many that had perished from them. No coyotes here. First seen a year or so later. No wolves seen until about 1895. Thinks they came from Green River. Thinks the wolves here are the timber wolf, longer legged than the buffalo wolf which is a short legged heavy bodied animal. Buffalo used to winter here, and when he first came his herd was found. Places where many had winter killed. Thinks that elk must be fed and is in favor of having hay provided to be fed in emergencies, wherever they are

In the habit of collecting Most of elk about here come from the head of Slate Creek & Cottonwood The earlier ones go on to the Hale, and the later ones stay about here. Come out of the country north of Jackson Lake Many Foxes. Never saw more than 3 or 4 bobcats in the country Cypress now getting scarce. Mt Lions now getting scarce. one killed by Ed Myers the winter delta a martha Phenix. Many have been taken this winter. Used to be snowy mink, but as now kept trapped out. Are Elks on all the streams, and about Jackson Lake. Has not Seen any Mt Sheep since winter of 1908-9 when he saw two bucks near his house. Iros have been seen a few miles above this winter. Many young ones are killed by eagles There are many moose about the head of Afread Creek. There was a big move along the Gros Ventre when he first came here about 1886. Antelope still come in this valley in Dimman but are much scarcer than formerly. Wolves have been tracked (about 7 or 8) in the valley above here, and have killed many elk. Coyotes out in February and most of the pups are born in June. Dimman before last a bunch of wolves (11) old and young were seen near Slate Creek

2ro| Luttre R. March 28 (Albert Gunther visits) Albert Gunther's place Combine about 100 acres, and he thinks more than Fourth about 8,000 Crawford has 400 Crawford 400 E.B. Fenn 160 (de erwaunk) R.E. Miller 640 ? mutherswaunk Mr. Seltiner 160 G.L. Lermane 360 J.S. Between 300 Harry Botcher 280 H.D. Coe 320 2,240 Thinks that the elk shone for fed when they naturally congregates and when necessary "Grand" moves to a good winter refuge any year that is only the pastureage only Thinks that 3 weeks ago the snow 4 or 5 thousand about be swaunk with practically in case Thinks there were 2000 writing in the morning of this places character a couple of hundred mostly bells seen about (Holland Creek Canyon?Antica?) and some scattering bulls on Sheep Larch Kevin saw last our calf. Mook was born in June. Last of August & September is the rutting Time. Half or more of the adult somewhere calves. The calves suck until November last. Thinks there milk in the udders. Thinks there is no difference in sex of calves which die Thinks elk can be kept up here with cattle. The elk range higher up than the cattle require. Thinks that elk are important enough to be preserved are a drawing card rather than a detriment. Thinks same preserve should be maintained. There would be room for a few scattering males in the same Preserve, but it moves out no picture in the settlement of the county. It serves as a breezy place and a refuge in the hunting season. Thinks elk have increased in the last 5 years.

Thick the loss the winter is heavier than 2 years ago. More snow the winter than 2 years ago but considerably freezing about the same. More March in the Jackson hole country 2 years ago Each bush on the hill. Saw better than the valley ones This morning we left Furpines about 8 and climbed up on the Red Butte which starts in the forks of Crystal Creek and the Gros Ventres. Looking up the Gros Ventre a broad valley about 2 miles wide is seen. The Gros Ventre flowing along its norther edge close to Coal Ridge a sandstone slate formation which goes over to Slate Creek a tributary of the Gros Ventre for the North Crystal Creek is formed by Red Sandstone which also forms the Gros Ventre below Slate Creek The Gros Ventre Valley. Above the slide which comes down the side of the valley from the ridge on the south and surrounds the Gros Ventre about 6 miles from the Red Butte on which we stood, the valley opens out again, being separated from the Crystal Creek valley. This supper storm is packing and sage covered. The slide has dammed up the Gros Ventre into a lake a mile or more in length, and at its upper end is a willow marsh a couple of miles long on which the lake is now encroaching. The snow fell here three years in depth more than half the ground in the valley being bare with the exception of the deer snow. But usually there is a much heavier fall (Snowfall at Drump above Jackson up to Paterenum is generally light)

Grovent March 29. (Wednesday) Jamie Budge (Grovent) Thinks This are about 10,000 elk in the Jackson Valley county. Thinks they have been there over a last 20 years. 75 or 80 50 of the adult cows have calves. Thinks never as many bulls as cows. 2000 between Lusk and Johnson. Less (altitude) than 2 years ago. more than last winter Some horns & calves. Thinks sexes are about equal in calves. Shire helped in this National water gathering places every winter Between 74 & 1/2 ton of hay b. a head will for the elk Thinks hay comes Macarthur 2.5 a ton. Thinks that moved by was profitable as Keeping Cattle County less favorable for putting elk now than before settlement Thinks that Tule Game Preserve should be abolished. The elk need no refuge Thinks the elk is a valuable asset and if taken care of will be profitable. 10 70% of the people get a direct rverse for the elk and are are benefited indirectly. All the people get elk meat Thinks the value of elk meat gotten by each family, would be about $50. Deer are increasing. Now as ever waterfowl. Moose are decreasing Antelope practically gone Coyotes are about at a standstill. Do not do much damage to game or domestic stock Game Preserve keeps the hunting district restricted and the game outside as more preserved Thinks the elk showed be taken care of by the State

3 feet in 24 hours Erd Lovejoy (Brovent). Thinks the Dixanp above Jackson should be set aside as a winter range from Jackson to Petersen's Thinks that eventually, the bulk of the ele in that vicinity would be drawn into that region. $30 income for a big price. Should be fenced stock proof. May should be cut and stocked and the pasturage left. Should be fed in emergencies ✓ Thinks there are from 20 to 25,000 in the Jackson Hole country. Hasn't seen this own deer the last several years. ✓ Thinks 70% of the adult cows here ✓ Calves. Thinks there are not enough. ✓ Bulls. Has never seen but one calf, but thinks that thin may be occasional forms. No difference in relative number of each sex dying Are a valuable asset to the country. Does not think they will ever be a detriment to the country. Thinks they will pay their way. Thinks State and Gold Together should manage the elk best foroose State control. Thinks the State Game Preserve is a detriment to the Game. Thinks the elk come down earlier than before the Game Preserve was established. If hunted all through the Preserve they would be kept back until later. This a fine breeding Reserve (Last few years have been bad for snow) 1. Part of Atherton Circle about last 7 October Thinks that hay might be secured here and thin in other parts if the to be herd in readiness Thinks present game laws are reasonable ✓ Deer are increasing slightly the last few years. Partly owing to the destruction of Mt. Leona In 1888-9 Thinks seen about 150 buffalos about Oregon Buttes Fremont ✓ Elk seen very abundant. Per diem only 2,456,000 antilopes could be seen in a bunch

Jom L. Naushew (Grovent) Kuhn, Elk horn √ Not increased during last 4 years owing to death of most of the increase, 15 to 18 thousand √ Head of elk in Jackson Hole Cemetery about 50 %. Of the adult cows have calves. In ordinary √ winters not over 5 % of the calves die. Last 3 winters from 60 to 80 % of the calves here died √ Probably 75 head of Cows with calf and several found but one embryo. Drop calves, from 20th May to 10th June. √ But mostly in December. √ Many such as lots as January but majority, wear the calves before that. Cows killed - The autumn. Therefore, thrown young weakened calf and attempts To this a part of the mortality of Calves (Last year, 100 calves died Then his fine last winter). Advocates buying the Stramp and leaving at Elk-proof or secondly to buy hay and feed Whenever convenient. If swamp was secured added favor. Cutting some of the higher grass to keep for seven winters. Thanks that most of the elk would go into the swamp voluntarily. Moved take all the swamp from Jackson which including Muller's. Thanks must cost 15 or 16 thousand dollars. Thanks State and Govt showed cooperate in the matter of a winter Reserve. In some cases it might be necessary to provide some hay in other places, perhaps in South Park and on the Gros Ventre. The elk which winter in its foot hills about Jackson Hole almost invariably winter with very little loss. In stocking other places with elk men should come here in the autumns and catch up calves and after feeding for a month of six weeks and then ships out on the snow.

Though that this may be so managed as to be perpetuated and kept up. Thinkso may be made self supporting. Thanks, many carves be killed and shipped to large cities by the state, but settlers should be allowed to kill for meat. V. Thanks - 20% of the people get sweet money benefit from the week. 90% get meat at an average value of $50 to each family. Thanks State Game Preserve no 2 No benefit to the elk and shrikes be abandoned. In the fall when formerly hunting was allowed, the elk were kept back and did not come down until late in the season. Since then they come down earlier. This is particularly strong the case during the last 2 years. I think the weather condition had something to do with this. Moved not say that there moved in more elk of the same because had not been established Deer are increasing slowly, sometimes winter kill, but not often. Coyote kill some deer. Sheep - not many left. Think have been run out by dogs. The Gros Ventre range use to be the best sheep range in this vicinity. Moose are increasing quite fast according to information. Antelope about gone. Has not seen one in 3 years. Are some beavers along the Missouri River and are valuable as storms of water. Are some lynx along the Gros Ventre. Muleys to Chouteau County from the Gros Ventre from the Green River country. First came in about 6 or 7 years ago. Last winter 1909-10, then was a bunch of 8 on the Blacktail Butte. Has seen only 4 this winter - about Dec 1st and 2 about Jan 1st.

Groveut) Dount Sebastian Thinks that some Certain flour must be set aside for the feeding of the elk as feed if here and then encourage them to follow Bay Creek and seek out. Campscho. Think it was a mistake to feed them in the first place. Suppose a game in Groveut that elk can be hunted like cattle. Elk have balked Lum only during the last 10 days since feeding was stopped tiller. but in then during this elk away from The woods near this place. Munched about 300 up on the hills about 16th of March, after the hills had begun to get bare. June 26 old elk between Mammoth Mtn Spring 4 Yanceys (18 miles) about spring 17 1846. Thinks that there about 20,000 in the Jackson Hole County Thinks they must be fed regularly Thinks that many could be feed about Albert Nelson place and this would keep many elk from going tillers. Thinks of the Swamp could be bought and fenced or as to save the feed. they could be gathered in there. It is necessary for them to keep quiet and some thin energy. If elk were fed in the swamp but it were fenced they would be kept quiet & interested in elk. Say "the e lk have burnt his ranch" Thinks that when fed in some certain ground where they were not disturbed they will become more and more a nuisance. Trapped up a sceneroos in a trail, but during the night all the elk jumped over it and fell over the trail Thinks the elk have played a very important part in the

Development ylko county Thinks that the elk move to the left back before the snow [illegible] was established March 31. Jackson V. W.J. Kelly (Groovy) thinks there are about 2000 elk in the Jackson Hole country. Thinks have been about at a standstill or declining a little during the last 3 years. This hard to arrange any solution which will not cause some trouble. There will always be some depredation by them. They must have to be fed, and moved favorable setting. A certain area for a winter refuge and thus should be a outlet to allow them to go back out fronts without trouble settling. Thinks thus showed in a radius ✓ Thinks 1000 or 1500 tons straw for elk during arrange winter ✓ Hay worth more to feed to stock than elk ✓ Less than 7000 cattle in Jackson Hole about 10,000 tons of hay pickup in valley. Thinks area will be increasingly valuable as a cattle range ✓ Thinks elk should be cut down to 2 or 3 thousand heads. Thinks that game law should be enforced literally and that many showed be distributed

m. Forest concerns in the state and elsewhere The dead elk are also a great nuisance Says that elk used to starve 20 years ago Thinks that it is worth while to save the suffering from a humane slaughter Is in favor of Federal control if the same and meanwhile if the 'free lands. Thinks that elk can be moved but by crating and moving out in wagons better than by drifting or any other way. Crate for calve should be 16 wide by 54 wide inside. Thinks young elk should be taken for shipment. Thinks elk calves Can be transported by Railroad for $10 a head involves of crating I am in favor of the swamp as a reservoir. If an outlet can be provided into the hills south of the Gros Ventres. If 16 acreage a set aside. The cattle strides we fenced out. Thinks any area would gradually attract more and more elk. The hay stores is coughed Barren a drift fence to guide the elk out in Spring considers opened in fall Jackson, April 1. J.L. Sewell (Jackson) Has been feeding between 4 and 5 hurdles from latter part of February for about 3 weeks. fed about 12 tons. The elk kept drifting away from the feed grounds throughout. Only Only 2 died (young) after feeding commenced. Elk cross undisturbed during feeding period. Fed in late afternoon and they moved as main part of night but next morning none moved to the They went about a mile as a half and moved come back in about 3 P.M. A part of these went back to the hills. In the west where they spent the summer. The rest of the bunch were apparently elk which had come down from the north. About 2000 over about Menger Mt. all winter with a fair percentage of calves and without with but little loss. 2 weeks ago. Today was on top of Menger Mt. and the herd was in good

Shape. (Has been here about 11 yrs. Elk are increasing very fast in the country. He is familiar with west of Snake River. (Monge Mtn region) 10 years ago there were very few there. Thinks the state or Govt should buy the ranches above Jackson and some more about the Wilson ranches in South Park. Would take about 3/5 patent to the land. Thinks about 1889 head would have to be fed in South Park and South Park. In the bunch of 400-5 Thousand that were fed, then were about 100 Calves. Of these, about 40 died. Latter part of the afternoons is best time to feed. Thinks Brides 4- Greater extent than 9's herd and more elk than in much difference. Elk have one calf. Nearly all of the elk cows have calves. About 1 in 10 of the elk herds in his locality from Tulle. Has seen them suckle the calves. Will into October. He says others have told him they suckle into the winter John Cherry (Jackson). Thinks there are not half of the elk here now that there were 10 years ago. Has been here 25- years (1864) When he came here he saw the stramp and an--by Thinks main black units elk and some event, or down to Green River. In winter of 1889-90. There were Thunders. Dead ones in Flat Creek Valley, mostly old bulls + calves. Since the country was settled the counts range has been fenced and fed off by cattle as the calves have died. Thinks the calves are more numerous and smaller than he has ever seen Cows with their calves from the May season on until December. Thinks the small age of calves this year is due to Poor Wintering last year. Larger portion of Cows have one calf. Has killed Several cows with 2 embryos. About 7/3 of cows have calves. Thinks that may be more 2 calves

than B's but is not profiting. 4 winters ago Nearly all the Calves - Jackson Hall died Think Mrs. B's due than 95 If elk are not fed and cared for they will disappear. Either by the hay and feed to elk or buy out the settlers and make it an elk country. Thompson went to Loma park this year than for 10 years more stops in the Ramp than any where else. Another feed guy showed us about the fishing to Gros Ventre, and another in the Pilon Flat. Moved by Shovel - boots a winter Day is going to increase in price from now on but does not think will go over $6 a ton Thanks the State Game Preserve Showed us abolished. It leaves no good hunting ground, and is needed for a breeding ground for the elk From Palmyra Creek to Loma Spring both to Blade Rock at the head. At Gros Ventre is the great breeding grounds for Lions, Lymp, Wolves & Bears Bears kill some elk not over 10 a year each. a Lion will kill 200 elk a year one winter on Black rock on Lion killed in Feb and March Killed 38 elk. Lions kill calf elk. Coyotes kill many elk mostly Calves Has seen 2 Lions had killed a deer. They cut the cords at the back of the neck Many covalued there in the Game Preserve. The Park 25 years ago there were no wolves, coyotes Lions or jack rabbits. The wolves from Brown Run and the coyotes from Feltin Basin both by its Cattle. The country was full of porcupines. Have been killed by Lions

Lions came first about 1895 or 96 Then jackrabbit came about 10 years ago A year ago last fall was on Sheep Mt. Down 6 or 8 sheep Before the Lions came killed off the Sheep had been much Reduced. When he first came here there were many white tails along the River and around near the Hoback Mule deer used to winter in the buttes Thinks that are no more more than 25 years ago First bunch antelopes that Toronto had in Dry Hollow this winter and some killed by No coyote Grizzly black bears Lane been much reduced Pilgrim Creek & Mt. Ledy Country used to be good for Bears and used to draw mainly on Panyon power Beas would be much scarcer Than they are except for the Park where they breed Killed 14 Lions on the Hoback in fall of 1901 Killed 9 on Pilgrim Creek and Buffalos 1900 In 1902 Killed 3 Lion, 3 Lynx on Hoback Bear killed from Miller's some years ago about 1896 Last time he was on 1901 Lucky there were 5 then a year ago last fall Have 4 to 5 Kittens. No harm a & Killed in September with 8 embryos about to be born Beas have from 2 to 4 cubs Black (and brown) and grizzly Bears are the only Beas Killed 14 one spring just across the Snake below Killed a female with 2 bear cubs. Killed a red bear killed a black tree deer near Hayden Rattlesnake which measured 45 miles away.

Nor in possen of L.S Thompson Red Bank New Jersey. mention John Cherry Are elks along Snake River. Has killed 20 along Snake River Was Known of 2 being killed the former, Beaver getting quite numerous. Not more than 4/2 as many whereas nor as when he came from come from the Park Dought to be in open season. Should be caught only in Dec. Jan & Feb. They met in Feb., I here going in May & June Some trouting and poison is The cause of the falling off of fur animals. No presently stones be allowed. Has seen as many as 11 embryos in a Beaver. On the 28 March 1883 on Eagle Creek near Smith River saw an elk Many 2 spotted Calves Saw a deer in November just about where famous near Jackson Elk kept in Captivity, still home Calves at any time pyrene. He Knows this from More Geltner experience. Thinks the elk and deer in the Park are gentle because not hunted. Thinks the ramp of acquire should be fenced with a shots Proof fence and by putting up hay. Thinks more elk died, that winter than would be killed by hunters in 5 years Thinks poor elk died above Jackson this Winter. The elk that stay in the hills in small bands winter much better than the big bands which emigrate to the Jackson Hole. There are more elk below Jackson this Winter than usual. Elk cannot be driven out, but it would be a good way to kill them Bears were always here Thinks that is a shame for the State to let the animals starve Never has seen a bobcat in Jackson Hole

Milton Robinson (Grovet) R 1/2 W. 42N on the Gros Ventre has been located the past 15 years. Thinks about 3000 elk winter on the Gros Venture above (the canyon?) Came from Newyears, 1911 and then they were living circle that had been practically wolves at that time. Now always noted here there a few calves and dying Greatest loss 2 winters ago Thinks there about 15000 on all the country including Gros Venture. Thinks they should be fed and have a winter range and if it were large enough would be Citizens sized of feed. Thinks West Elk elk come down by way of the Gros Venture. Came down about the last of the hunting season There is generally a little more snow up the Gros Venture than down here. Thinks feeding here has a tendency to draw them down here. Thinks the birth of the elk comes in Sept. up on the Gros Venture by feeding There thinks they come down here rather than formerly. These are the holdings F.E. Dorvorn 160 acre 30 tons hay E.L. Lafferty, Sr. 240 80 " S.S. Spier 320 80 tons T.W. Lloyd 320 100 " Milton Robinson 160 50 " Wm B. Lafferty, Sr. 160. 15 " E.L. Spier 160 40 " E.E. Hell 320 25 " Milton Robinson 160 - C.S. Peterson 160 30 J.S. Simpson (Waldon) 160 30 (Can put 80 tons) J.E. Koerner 160 50 Richard Trupin 160 38 Wm Bierer 160 8 tons Ching Smith 160+ Greenough ? 2-9-6 0 @ .20 = $59,200. M. Maguire 160 " This land owned long from 15 to 90 dollars an acre Besides the local stocks about 400 head are grazed on the Gros Ventre by permit. Little do not bother any much about the hay stocks, but they are sweet and Way north about $8 a ton.

1. Could be raised at 8 dollars but is more valuable to feed it stock. Stay in cond#10 to feed to stock. Elk come from Callmwork and Tusk Creeks in Norumbega collect in large herds in December and come down along the Red Hills Thinks to get 3 or 4 cross horn calves, Then said turns show signs of arching in Norumbega. Lion is principally Calves and a few old ones. Thinks Ps do not. Thinks there is no scarcity of bulls More deer contest than formerly are witnessed coming to killing with Lions. Are a pair on Crystal Creek ridge but none along the Gros Ventres. Sheep are reduced One bunch of 5 seen last summer on Alkali Creek near the slide Seen 2 cows moved on his ranch dist last summer. Wolves are getting rather common on the Gros Ventres First seen about 7 years ago I have killed shots for them, last year killed 2 heads. Thinks they Come from the Union Pox country From York River Thinks the elk are worth preserving. All the residents derive a benefit from the elk. 90% get meat Thinks the meat from elk is worth 100 dollars to each family. The elk on the Gros Ventres interfere with the local stock raising. Elk are of sufficient importance to state to justify protection and care Has found several den of Coyotes. One with small young large enough to run about about the last of May, 1910. A half den 5 miles north of Givells was taken last Spring with 7 young by Roy Bird of Kendall. Has taken young from same den the previous year.

Sunday April 2 Jackson. In the afternoon went up on the nearest Butte and walked along its crest northwest for about a mile and a half. Its summit and slopes except in the ravines are smooth, bare of snow, and a little green grass was begin- to show. We saw about 20 elk on its summit in small band. They were somewhat wild. Saw no dead cows on its summit. On the Butte near mill's were perhaps 100 elk. And in the stream between on other feeding ground were a few females. A few came down from the Big Butte to the feeding ground in the late afternoon. Monday April 3 Jackson P.H. Karney thinks that the elk have about held their own during last 5 years. Went up in the Cache Creek Country, the last week in March, but saw very few elk mostly bulls. First began to bother him about his feed grounds in February. Bother most where there are willows. There were about 25 calves right about his home and 7 There about 15 died. Civilization and well same "never has got along very well Together." The range is eaten by stock and then winter range is ranged off. There are too many elk unless fed, but if fed say for 2/3 or 3 months the present number could be supported. Thus normal loss of calves only average about 20%. Loss among old one is very small. Known only 2 old.

ones but does not see how it can be done. The older and stronger ones get the most of the feed and thus survive than more 3 or 4 hundred elephant winter between here and seeks which did not get any hay except what they stole. If they had sufficient pasturage it would be a good as feeding. Thinks that if the swamp were acquired most of the elk could be gathered in there. It took earliest to fewer it elk proof a year ago East written it was estimated that this was 3500 elk in the swamps, and the elk did not get one a day. I should be necessary to provide hay supplies, and it is necessary for the people (written before) to tell us or not they can before. I think hay Thinks that the game can be kept up indefinitely, as the

Will be plenty of range for the elk which once were the means for the stock. Thinks that the game can be made self supporting. Would think that a certain part of the license money showed in expenditure for hay. In many writers no hay will be needed. Seen pass but one embryo, but has not examined many. Has seen calves seeking food into the writer. Improved land is worth about $25 an acre. Thinks 95% of the claim can be made into hay land. Thinks hay would bring 7 or 8 dollars a ton to almost any market. Thinks that could be more money in hay @ $1 a ton than in cattle. Moved prefer at himself. Thinks the elk are coming in the hunting season than before they were fed. Robert Neilson (Geniths or Jackson). Is not sure whether hay showed be bought or raised by the State or God. Thinks he showed the promise yearly... Too few a year... I would favor more than one feeding place. Had three where they could congregate. Elk have not molested him at all. This winter, nor has there been any trouble in the Genith settlement, only trouble in Return Peterson and southern end of South Park. Tried from Federal Supervision and State cooperation of the elk. State has been deplored to remedy the matter but has not acted soon enough. Thinks plenty of hay would be secured in haying time. Hay has been $5 or $7 a ton in haying time. Thinks that it will be higher a price later. There is now 400 acres of Jurine Land to each head of domestic stock. Does not think the stock business will be harmed.

By the elk. There are about 900 people in the Jackson Hale County. About 1200 horn. About 5000 cattle. Moved from number n Jackson Hall County at 16,000. Thinks that has not been ever 1000 head fed. Thinks that for the sheep will winter an elk. Thinks elk as well as much as domestic cattle. If they are come from paper numbers would advocate killing off the surplus under supervision and sell the meat and use the money to further provide for the annual. Thinks that situation here is unique as their range has been restricted by settlement and grazing until they leave our choice but to know when they do as this, the duty of the state to look after them. Thinks that feeding will not interfere with the hunting and that the elk once not interfere in some with the settlement or development of the country. Thinks 70% of the adult cows have calves. Has never seen more than one calf. They calve mostly early faulty June. Does not think that the is any difference in sex of calves saying. Believe 10 and 12 thousand tons of hay just up. 1/2 tons needed for head. Thinks as cattle this more too much. In favor of State Game Preserve. But thinks that suitable persons recommended by who would give a good say to. Already citizen should be allowed to trap predatory animals. Thinks that Coyote are the principal breed. The A deer and Lions are there. Such trapping should be allowed to hunt only the predatory animals. Thinks this movement would suffice. Thinks that elk meat is worth from $40 to $50 to each family. Would favor Garden State acquisition of one or more tracts for the feeding. Land in Jackson Hall assessed at $8 per acre

April 3 J.P. Cunningham (Jackson) Thinks there may be 20,000 elk rather less than more in Jackson Hill. Thinks 2 years ago there were nearly 2000 on Flat Creek. Thinks that they not decreased until the last year but the decrease is noticeable. This owing to the death of so many calves. Thinks this is a considerable loss of calves before evening time. Saw 200 elk on Spread Creek one sun and nearly every cow had a calf. There knew but one calf. Has 40 mines, a ford, many cows and new lambs. Thinks one embryo. Elk winter range is long feed of 15 or 20 years. They used to roam the without much loss. Arrived on Turpin Place in 1888-89 a great many counties with very little loss, about 3000 counted on Spread Creek and Buffalo a fewer years with little loss. The elk mile there to be good. Thinks or Flat Creek would be the best place. Thinks most of the elk could be stopped by a drift fence. Thinks the hay stones be fenced and that much of the trouble was then caused by poor fencing & sticks. Thinks feeding encourages them to stop hunting food. It is hard to get them to come a feed ground before pushing in so abundant. But this there is no trouble. Thinks if fencing is started, at once here it be done to a great extent every winter. They come earlier in the winter on account of feeding. Some of the elk go up Cohee Creek and around both lower country. Thinks of hay come around in keeping time enough owned advance. Cattle will be worth more with this building of the R Road to Driggs. Thinks hay cost be 7 or 8 dollars a ton. If this is a liberal game law so that the elk do not decrease too much. Then will be camper summer range for the elk and

doubt the amount of cattle Does not think that the Game Preserve should be maintained as it restricts the hunting range and the range covered otherwise seems as a breeding ground It might be 'it protects' during the putting season. Thinks that was as many calves formerly as now. Thinks the elk are sufficiently uptown to warrant protection. Formerly, a majority of the people look out hunting. Thinks that the elk meat is worth $50 to the family. The majority of families get meat. Elk come a little earlier than some but not quite so early as last year. Other many came by November 15. when this was severely 6 inches snow on the flat. Have noticed wolves about 2 years ago in the upper part of the valley. They had been formerly seen 20 miles below. The next year there was many about antelope Spring. Come from Wind & Green River New Kennel positives in the Park is Game Preserve before this. See the print "Lion Track" in 1888-9 on the Gros Ventre. The next year there were a few coyotes caught an old trapper who had trapped her for 20 years or more and seen see a Mt Lion Track former to that time. No bobcats. ✓ Moose are on the increase ✓ Deer are on the decrease owing principally to predatory animals. ✓ Sheep must plentiful in through- fare. Creek of any place. Thinks it is harder to protect sheep from poachers if any game to the past that they are far back. We know but one moose calf Thinks the Game Preserve is a breeding place of predatory animals. There are a few lions and wolves (dying last few years) many eagles and bears. Red Palmer's letter q. Nov 27. in P.M.

April 4. Delar Cheney (Cheney P.O.) Thinks that hay about as provided in advance cash write and properly housed so as to be available the next winter. Come to Jackson Swamp by way of Two Centric. Those which have been tied may do well in the hills. Moved advocates feeding in the swamp and in the below settlement. Preferably along Snake River where there is some spread land. Lelaine Robinsons & the river. Should be fed where there was shelter. Perhaps Shires helped on the hills nearby also. Both the stock very better after being fed on feed grounds. Thinks there are between 6-70 thousand that moved from Carters and this number moved probably reverse Many mares on upper Fall Creek as about Munger 750 Thinks that there are not over 25,000 at the most in the Jackson Hole Country. Grass decreased much in the last two years... a large percentage of the calves have died. 90% this winter in his vicinity. Several old bulls have died about here. Thinks there are more than 2 calves. Thinks this is away to the olden days being fathers of Hemipodisty. Cows have only one calf. Has Mammoth many with calf. Deer and Antelope usually have 2 calves. Deer are decreasing in number. Not many are shot. Probably coyotes and lions account for this. Lions less common than formerly. Wolves have not killed any steers for him. Says Cap Carter saw one near his house. Wolves when he first came. Coyotes & lions are now scarcer than formerly. Thinks Humboldt came in by way of the Two Centric Caves from Montana! Has known a grizzly to kill 11 sheep from a place in a night. Once found a grizzly & his cub in Utah. Saw many mallards in the fields in South Park at a place :

April 5. Mr. Giltner Jackson Had. 4 heifers & 1 bull. increased in 7 years to 16 head. Out had a calf in November & all need to eat in some extent in the winter. Thinks would get to bred at any time if year doesn't remember whether the 7s bred at 1 year or the second year. One year all had calves. Other years they gained 2 or 3. Did not have enough pasture for them. Never had twins. Never knew wild elk to have twins. Thinks 80-90 elk born here calves. Thinks there are not enough bulls among the elk this year not to be heated in the rutting season. Left 1st, cuts October. Head to trouble in the rutting season. In his (hark?) Thinks the Stall Game Preserve is a protection to the game and is no displacement to the community with as the grazing is restricted. All the range will soon be needed. Does not think elk and the cattle will conflict as the elk range higher in County. Think elk stored as fed in emergencies on one or more feed grounds. Would have preference to the swamp about town over the fences. Thinks 160 acres would be enough. Do not bother much unless starving. 500 elk I lay a count to an elk would in supplement of free; not enough if confined in 160 acres. Would value his land thru 320 acres at 30 an acre. Not anxious to sell 8ns not cut much. Hay but could cut a large amount. Thinks swamp could be drained at less cost than his yearly pasture if hay Thinks 10 or 15 thousand elk would require to be fed, as not as many elk as 3 years ago 600 tons of hay said this year. and probably that much or perhaps 1000 ton cost he bought last year. Cost as high as 7 or 8 dollars a ton year Thinks about 1800 tons in fact within. The swamp and the creek be improved to 1900 tons if that operation were done

Whites elk should be taken care y. but elk broke from a good deal $5 for a year. [illegible] not repay them for the damage to hay & fences. Elk meat is worth $20 a head and three 2 to a family, [illegible] fun average Would like the state to take care y the same but otherwise would like The Grant to do so. Thinks the law should have been more liberal than they proved not broken [illegible] to die! Does not think elk come any earlier than formerly 3 years ago they came before the snow came. I writing 1889. 90' More elk died than any time since. Think the elk can be protected and will not interfere with the settlement of the country. Could raise hay for $5 a ton, and is not sure whether or not should give up Cattle Days come one plate a bull elk remembers place 2 or 3 weeks ago for its tracks Jackson, April 6. Robert E. Miller. (Fort Supervisor) Two years ago thought then were 3500 elk in the Sandbekan drainage None left. Decreased not as many about Jackson Hole as then. From Carter to McBride [illegible] 50 "s in these 2 years. Perhaps home me. Since settlement coming to bring down in from outside wintering places. Bring one calf. Loss principally in Calves, Coming yearlings. (Loss Cm 2") Old bulls & old cows. About 4000 head came into the Country just above Jackson this year. Perhaps less below the shifted back at forth (probably 6000 or all with 5000) every year feeding in. Forced suffer Elk should be voted as traps 15th fed and should be fed in emergencies Vines be fed at a cost of 75cts per year. They showed the breed & shelter at a cost [illegible] or $1.50 per ton. Would suggest feeding them wherever they happen to be Buy hay where available on Buffalo Black Rock, Sherd Creek [illegible] Crystal Creek & Lefluty.

Flora Gros Cattle & month Parks. When they come, they scored stop him, and there in some numbers. Ground for feeding Should be rented for one y eeks. Cannot tell how settlers could be protected from Elk day years when they did not require regular feeding Though the elk are too valuable to be allowed to die. Does not believe that they can be preserved indefinitely unless put on a commercial basis. Profits to accrue by hunting licenses and the surplus to be disposed of as meat. Home range to support an indeterminate number, but this perhaps not desirable to patron such a number. Believes The surplus should tend into money which 4000 worth did this year. Thinks as elk in winter at least $20. Average family must use 1 elk Thinks season should be extended a month, to gain fat, but should not be shortened at just cut. If state felt disposed to perpetuate the land than it could be kept up without interfering with the cattle interests. Think country as now settled will not count as many elk as before. Does not favor the acquisition of the Sprang by the state vs Good all the county, from Petersburg to its brim although this comes in the premises solution of the problem. This is against the policy of the acquisition of land in a settled community. I would raise rate of taxation on 35000 acres). Would favor the growing of hay in the upper valley ditch and etc. but does not think that orries from the Jackson part of the valley from Persecution The State Game Preserve - is not sure whether it should be maintained or abolished. Does not an interference to settle. If they are in the county, it should be abolished. The elk are left from scouting to early fall by it. Only a small part of the Game Preserves is needed. 400 think grazes than 100 local not from Jackson county

Sage & Soda Ink mushrooms by Larapacan. No permits have been granted on the Idaho side. A few more cows are grazed but it will not be desirable for a long time to greatly increase the number I determine to work for the prevention of starvation and the king into money by the market elk. Elk as a deterrent personally to him. Figures an annual increase of 33 1/3 % in the elk at most any rate. Disposal of the increase annually by killing the adult one by hunting. 1000's killed by cattle. (Note: 150,000 elk can be supported by the valley.) Number states that at least 2000 were killed by local people in the state (“Three Springs” move) support 15 or perhaps 2000 head of elk itself. Equation if last by cloud environment takes on a number of community J. L. Eynon (Mem. 11th Legis. (House)) Jackson Thinks that the hunt has come when the elk must be taken out to give the water Thanks that a year ago, there were 3000's throughout in this and other damage. Shone helped when they need it, and proven it could be made every year by bringing any during the proper season. This is exceptional. Most over 4 any winters 200 lbs of Hay to the elk to think proved keep them, though ordinary winter Would feed them in smaller bucks and just where convenient from hunting Hay has always sold at $5 per ton Not enough hay 7000 to provide for 3000 elk but more hay could be raised (Each acre all cattle & elk hay at $5 if needed) Thanks, elk moved increase fast if protected and under the present laws. Thanks, many elk error here. Out of 17 elk killed 5 had horns. The wire Killed in Delta Basin 15 or 18 years ago did much There are not any in recent years Thanks that are warned in early life. Lar about 300 calves in one bunch Spring Gulch about Dec 30. etc.

With them. Hay corned always be paid in Spring if lots much was provided. Regulators expected Federal Govt to help feed elk in counties (Govt suggested that as elk were property of Govt owners. They showed help just there in Prairie Jackrabbit licence supporting the elk (any). Engr. thinks 1/2 of the elk coming here summer in the Park. (Govt. asked that a Com. Ple. (3 from House 3 from Senate) be discuss the matter for elk winter park - per (according to Govt.) as shown drafted by Govt. in writing) Think that the elk are valuable to the country and the cattle equally valuable to this region as the stocks. Talk meet a worth spent 1/2 a head. Family gets about 4 annually. $250. License - 5 for special license - 1 elk allowed 4 needed: Non Res. $50 album 2 elk. Thanks the State Game Preserve showed be maintained. Protects the Park dry breeding season, and is a refuge Moose do not travel in the same stream Dawn from Green R. Dell. Thinks that the elk will not interfere with stocks as they occupy range that is not used by the stock. Think the Calves showed be separated out. Get earlier. If hay was provided much more dried feed on the farm land Some of the Swamp could be bought at 15 to 20 an acre - elk pasture would be left Ground would be an ideal winter refuge Thanks that falling off of tourist Toward its deer to leave allowing Only one elk. and seven opening lots Left 25. for non 50-2 elk - 2 km - 1 shop

April 7. J. O. Leaster (Chinney) Was about 75 elk. has had them 8 years Got 17 at first. 5 of them bulls. A few more bulls than cows are born. very in different years. not much difference in size on average They began to put on first full horn in Sept. (a fair set before) Earliest calf born 27 april Latest Aug 24. Tusk come June 1 to 10. Was know them to mate once in spring but without issue. Bulls & cows separate in summer. When any get out they are answered to get back in. Herd has grown from original ones except 10 which were added. Only one of the original ones has died all ever coming yearly when caught in February. First had Calves when they were 3 years old. but when 2 years old. May bred at 2 years when wild. Never had but one Calf. Through 4 calves have suckled one cow. when a calf is sucking her mother she will let other such Too cut open a good many with Calf and never saw but one embryo. Bulls when castrated (2) carried off the horns in December. Horns grew and in Feb were 15 inches long and grew until autumn. Never shedding the velvet and were then killed These had a few short points. Another which had been castrated grew Horns and kept them in 2 years when he was killed in November still with dried velvet. 5 years has bred many from new bulls. Has Killed 15 or 16 out of herd. Last year had 23 calves out of 30-32 cows. This = 26 = 37 cows Think operative proportion of wild cows would have calves Tusks of elk in Captivity do not develop as well as wild ones. Has Killed 4 year old bulls with Tusks decayed Some elk are now being killed by Tusk hunters. The calves will push until the new calves Come. Thanks the hunting in fact accelerates the weaning.

April 8. T. J. Emerson (Jackson) Thinks there are 3500 in the Hoback Country including the Manager Mts or about 3000 excluding it Out of about 1800, there were only about 42 calves as most would die Johnson was feeding 495(?) here about 16 calves 2 deer bulls In proportion nearer Jackson Snow was deeper than at Jackson There is normally a shallow snowpack there Not so many wintered on Hoback as usual. Most of these Hoback elk are local elk (what remain in its neighbors Mts) Thinks elk have decreased very much in last 3 years 3 years ago this was a heavy area probably as much as last 2 years together Hardness rule up to 60 tons Hoback County 38% Ed. Johnson Thinks this will be 1/3 more hay needed this year Calves better than in Jackson Here as rangers not taken so much Thinks about 300 wintered about the month of Flat Creek without feeding most of the calves died probably, all except 4 or 5. Edward Johnson (Cheyenne) Fide Carter fed about 60 elks in Horse Creek Carter thinks that the first winter they come here there were 25 to 8000 elk are less now. Now not a large proportion of calves for 3 years Thinks there are more for many ele. If elk are fed they will keep up, and hunting will keep them down and the country will not be overstocked Approves of half of the resident license and only $15 of the non-resident license to be set aside for feeding the elk Doesn't feed elk when they congregate perhaps in 2 pieces Carter's elk pasture contains about 200 acres. This is not enough

1000 head of cattle range in the Nobisk county on Summer Morty Nelson Nobisk & Norse Creek about 150 head, otherwise Naypy chief deer [illegible] [illegible] coffee range 60 to 70 y elk lose calves. Thinks normally lose calves at 3 years Have 1 calf 1 out of 25 or 50 Horse terms. Horses can term in a small term, but has seen a term suckling (never not position about term) Thinks 65 to 70 calves are heifers Thinks 4's die sooner than bulls Not once 2000 - Jackson Hole County Where there has been 50% loss in last 3 years. There same Premium is a good thing. Favors a non-resident special license $5.25 to hunter Game Premium. Rent from Sept $5 to 1st patches this is [illegible] period Last suching in early Feb. May not, 3 cows failed early, leave young calves. Thinks calf has attained his summer growth in Dec. Thinks great loss of calves -due to post & killing of calves in Summer & autumn A few calves die at first 7 months Thinks calves eat grass within a month after birth. Antelope generally 2 group Deer "" "" Moose 1 or 2 about half help "" are merrant. A pair on Woliver Creek or Shovel & Jack Creek, Fall Cabin Creek & Red Creek Meadows. Some Sheep are about to come to south ground from Felm Par to East Run Canyon From Frago River

Shaved buy hay in hayzing season 500--1000 Tone and feed the elk which need it. in mid winter and all in some winters. Would prove hay in the Swamp when 10,000 congregates yearly also provide hay in the South Park country. Certain numbering elk will bathes about Attacks on any winter In light winters some come into Swamp. Thus feeding from the into estimated to some extent Having elk can be cared for permanently Unless method of allotment is changed. all sheep allowed These elk and Cattle can still stay practically indefinitely. Thanks elk are sufficiently important to warrant institution Probably 15% of the people now handle hunting parties. About 70 to get meet To the average stock raiser this cheaper to Kill beef John Shive Thanks that The Jackson region is the only place where they will need to be fed 3 or 4 thousands usually winter in the Spread Crush country in good shape. None seen last year except what were killed by wolves. These bucks were moved as a range group. Many bulls winter up on Buffalos. Have not decreased in numbers in 5 years. Last spring many calves went back last year before not so many A great many calves are born south of the Buffalo and then cross And go north. Wolves have been increasing last 4 or 5 years. No wolves when the first Cattle moved came down the East Slope Killed by going in a drive on the hills near Black rock, about Dusk of April. Has been born in March Half the size of a Coyote. Has been feeding on elk meat at that time. Killed 2 red ones in July. A buck of 6 or 7 man across Buffalos

In The Game Preserve are Deer. Game Preserve is a great district both in the rutting season from April 1st to 20 25 May the earliest birth I know of the Deer it would be better if the Deer were particular during rutting season. No. when a Game Preserve with the same from east. Mary elk come south from with the Park line. The deer will drift North from the same area Never knew but one calf to be in the winters Never killed a bear with young inside Have young in the den in early spring Feb or March. Come out about 20 to 25 Aprils all about the same time Bear I place are the same Bear do not do much damage M.W. Lions all gone from this region When the first came there were not Many thin thin increased. I Used to be many forengymis how must all gone killed by Lions Deer now increasing once Lions got scarce. Do not Winterkill. Some killed by Coyotes 7 years ago saw about 40 Sheep about Crystal Creek Moose are increasing. Saw 2 on Blackrock last year. I wintered on Buffalo last winter. Wolves killed an red cow near his place last winter Wolves out in February 1st on (from Learsay Thrushes elk can be preserved method interfering with other interests Must helped in winters how in the valley. so they will always come here

Jackson April 9 Tack a trip in afternoon up through the swamp and on the little north of Miller's Place. On the little were about 150 elk. Somewhat was down in the swamp near Bennings in the late afternoon. Wheating 200 were in the swamp. Below Crawfords at the afternoon where they were feeding on the gun shot of a coarse marsh grass Evidently the late grown plants of the last year which are now observed by the melting of the snow. The swamp is still solidly frozen and a cutthroat and some mottled thriles. Mr. J. Mr. Lloyds whom I accompanied has a ranch on the upper Gros Ventre He says that probably over 3 thousands elk winter on the Gros Ventre and seldom have much does (horns up there this winter in March and early may) few devotone. Says Miller's not object is to effect the setting aside of the swamp for an elk range though he notes sharp to admit it In the home of Mr. Hamylaw I saw a few birds which Weibel had procured in the vicinity. Mounted. Blue grouse without whitetail on tail male pintail Goldeneye (round shot orchid) Mallard Green eagle (?). He tells me that Barrows Goldeneyes (?) Mallard Pintail Red B Merganser & Buffalo head until hue. A few swans winter He had a show of a raccoon which had been killed in the Snake River Valley near Wilson P.O. but thought it had escaped from captivity as several were reported to have escaped from a Fortell-merganser in Dakota. Mentioned a theory from Tainter that the antelope phenat knows an account of freezing their

Jackson April 11. Ray McBride Thinks thin are 3000 elk from North to South. 300 out in upper Opped Creek in fall until Late Nov. Thinks there ever nearly as many as formerly. Don't no game drawn back into the Preserve by hunters. May Come down from Preserve to the Buffalo and remain thin until last week in November. Bull come by the forks of Opped Creek and crossed to Head of Slaty Creek & Mt.Lucky to Gray Pintle. Few crossed by the Buffalo Bridge again. Were very well seen three past out of the Game Punn. Bull much wilder than cows and mostly separated from the cows in small bunches. Bulls start to leave Cows about middle of October. Dry Bulls are first to drop out. Septents man rutting seven man than are not yet seen put together. Start rutting about just moonlight nights about 50-75 of the adult cows have calves. Min. one more than one calf in elk. Mean about this Cloey November to Jan st. Thinks Game Preserve is fine but Should be hunted during November with special licence after hunting season is over. adrees 100 dollar licence to hunt them then. Bulls come down from Game Preserve ahead of the cows. Game Preserve probably the elk grantly dug Sept 4 Oct. as they tried undisturbed to in foray off the Grumps. Some winter would need nothing other would have the feed Fine Grump & have a draft fence Proven need all the grumps Jackson to Peterson Bulling elk even at month of Flat Creek Canyon Would not know how to cut all the hay Would have to shed after hay. It's unsure Needs Pullin say would take that. Some elk proof. Thinks that 10000 head would be collected in the grumps

WOLF getting very scarce. Days at: In the caghs, which kill the young, but has never seen such killed has seen signs of Wolf one 20th Lion for some years is occatly Sheep last two years. Wolves May have killed its sheep from what some sheep on Sheep Mt Park Jailport 9 & 4 some males about Now lost. Had been driven in from Crystal Creek Territory. 3 & on Sheep Creek this winter No rams or lambs with them Seen a sithy scene array to Wolves, Not common affects Wolves even killed off. one have decreased. There are 10 or 12 wolves along the hills between the Great Falls at Cocha Creek. Wus some Wolves on Sprint cuts, own Left front near Lake Lake this man last fall. Wolves came from Green Wood Ravin. New heard of may Wolves in the 4th Park First Wolves were noted here by Turn about 6 years ago kills about 4 & 6 about 7 years ago last fall. Began to be troublesome last year. Have killed about 25 head within last 2 years and one calf mortally hit. Have killed a last years a number of colts, and other cattle Thence they can best be destroyed by means of Fox Hounds. That idea from Breeden Gazette Needs a Large Pack Has killed 24 Mm Lions during 10 years falling 1897. Err 40 all Each killed by Lions or copper Flat Creek one winters. Lion killed by Ed Myers on Crystal Creek this year has thin thin several years.

W.N. Siebohm (Kerorent) ✓ Cranford fed 2500 Milions Leeks 1500 Siebohm 300 Sewell's 100 Robertson 100 Johnson 700 confiscated Pitersens 600 Thanks 1500-2000 died. Returns on Kelb, figure Milions + Petersens (350 died returned to us now) ✓ 2 years ago he knew of 9 bulls which died in a small space after shedding their horns in late May or June ✓ Have been shedding for 2-3 weeks Fed 250 tons of hay Commenced between about the middle of November. Commenced feeding Feb 16 Thanks 6 or 700 tons issued. How sound the bulk of three which died Feeding showed more commenced a month earlier ✓ Thinks that the conditions were worse than ever before. A great many cows killed by Being driven from State, from ago. 2 1/2 or 3 lbs if they a day will winter an elk well Shame to feed in some place where they can be confirmed and especially when people can be kept away from them to avoid disturbing them Mowed advocate an outlet where they can come into this fed ground Shunned to feed preferably in 2 places at the upper end of the Stramps and on Kelby place on 'Sorrel Park' Thanks they can be gathered in these places and will not violently ranchers to any great critter Now known them to winter on sheep MK with only very little grazing Would be a good idea to separate the bunches into separate lots. Swerker & Thorga

Does not think feeding will cause them to any extent Thinks the Game Preserve is a good thing and if the elk are to be protected the Preserve as a good protection Thinks 7/3 of the adult cows have young None one calf Has known 2 40 or 50 calves to perish at a crossing place on the Gros Ventre when the mothers had crossed and deserted them Thinks elk there decreased in last 2 or 3 years some most of the young have died Few spikes are now found. Spikes are very early, & Elk in Spring are much infested with ticks which are on the boughbrush. Would like to see the Govt cooperate with the State, and the hunting privileges were not curtailed The bodies which decay in the meadows and stream cause a great deal of annoyance and smell to the breeding ground 2 migratory 7 flies. The stink in some places is intolerable The streams are polluted. The carcasses have to be removed from morning and Land belonging to Kelly on which Lewis pine trees as a good feeding ground, especially that land lying with both hills. It covered just up upwards 2 200 tons. If they

April 12 Jackson to Wilson The drove down to John Wilson's To load up the elk. On our way down we found 7 elk a calf & a 2 year old which had been killed last night by wolves. They had eaten the eyes and parts of the hams and bitten them in the throat Found 3 at least 2 wolves near about the carcasses, and on the way down to Wilson's, below, we saw the tracks of 17 wolves along the road 3 hours afternoon when we got the elk loaded and we then started on this way. The day was cold and snow fell intermittently all day. We marched Wilson in the early evening with the elk in good condition. The elk do not cross Snake Rear in this vicinity except in very small number. Saw a few ground squirrels about April 13 To Bircher's Road House We got away from Wilson a good time and started across the Titim Pan. Fortunately the road proved to be good except for a good many siding places when we had to use every precaution to keep from rolling. We reached the summit of the Titim Pan about 2 o'clock and the road house on the other side about 3. Then we stopped for the night. The elk are still in fine shape. I saw tracks of 3 wolves on the Pan and a few Fremont squirrels Saw 3 or 4 much in the valley above Lee Road House. A number of martens have been caught there between them and the summit

April 14 To near Victor Idaho We left Birchers quite early and Kept on down the Canyon. The night was clear. The snow at Birchers and for several mile below was several feet deep but as we descended the road became bare in places, and for the last few miles we had to pull the sleds over mud we reached The Stevens ranch about 1 o'clock. Then the boys went to change from sleds to wagons. After dinner we changed the loads, lifting the wagon bodies loads, and all with a derrick and putting them on the wheels. It was sunburn when we finished. Don brother Martin a short distance below Birchers. In the wooded non-balcony Trail Creek at Stevens for many hocks of Snowshoe rabbits April 15 To Hayden Left Stevens ranch and followed the road which was mostly dry and a place dirty past Victor and from then to Driggs about 56 miles from St Anthony. Then we had dinner, and gave the horses and elk a feed. Then we left the road again and reached Hayden 35 miles from St Anthony in the evening. For a good many ground squirrels, and one chipmunk

April 16. St. Anthony Agent had to wait for rati and orders to ship and eve Could not get the elk started Reed instruction to return to Jackson April 19 St. Anthony Mr. Norden got away in the afternoon with the Montana elk April 20 St. Anthony Got a lot of mail and was busy nearly all day with it Faxed up party W.A. Mush bag made for B.S. Wheel I received from Dr. Mirrani. April 16. To Canyon Creek We reached Canyon Creek about 3 o'clock and thought best not to drive any farther. Apr 17. St. Anthony We got away in good time and after morning at Selma city we made St. Anthony in mid afternoon. For the Forest Officer Palouse Ford (Mr. Morse) and loaded one 5 elk with him for shipment according to instructions by mail. It started crates to making as it was going to ship by Express. R.A. agent had cars ready for Samantha and we put them in one end of the car with arrangements for feeding and wintering.

Notes from C B Morse Taughtee Nat Forest St Anthony Idaho Notes relating to Western Part of Wyoming Game Preserve Valley. C B Morse tells me that more were seen about Indian Lake in July 1910. There are many on Partridge Creek, and between Mesa Siding and Rocles, and to the eastward Particularly along Warm River and Partridge Creek. Many are found between Three and the North Fork of Snake River. Elk about 30 on Squirrel Creek Meadows in June 1910. Elk come out of the S.W. Corner of Nat Park Many cross the N Fork of Snake River near Big Falls. Many Cross westward on to upper Sand Creek and Pine Creek. The former winter range was in the open country to the Northwest of St Anthony. A few summer on the Taughtee Forest just west of the Nat Park but most cross fold into the Park There are 3 or 4 parties who have taken up claims on Squirrel Creek Meadows in the Western part of the Game Preserve They were cut over and grazed then in 1910. Year before about 100. Head grazed them on the Trail Rim meadows in the Game Preserve and to the west a good deal. They Covers be cut. Practically no elk counter them. Most of them come out of the Preserve and winter in The Teton Valley. May used to winter on the South Fork of Snake River.

April 21. Parilled for St Auttry to Victor Idaho by Stage Saturday April 22 Arrived Jackson Wagon in late afternoon Sunday Apr 23 Worked on Note about Jackson Monday Apr 24. Made some enqurum about Hwy. Had a long talks with W.H. Seebolm the Deputy game Warden relating to the elk Situation Hay etc Tuesday Apr 25 Rode up the east side of Jackson valley to above Sheep Bench to see an elk which had been killed lately by one Miller. Mr Seebolm charged a complaint later in the day and the man Pleaded guilty and was fined 25 $ Costs (about 40). Wednesday April 26. Read telegram yesterday directing me to capture more elk Phones John Dillam and this forenoon walked down and talked ame the matter with him He was not anxious to undertake it Hormm is going to put out some hay and took on the available elk On our way back we interviewed Mr Leek and he delivered himself of the following opinions The elk should be provided for. Should have winter Refuge north of the Park. This proved relieve the situation here. 15700 elk in Jackson Hole Country south of the Park: 5 or 6 thousand wintered here. 44 died this winter 70 70 of the calves died (Few old ones died May Outdoor Life) It's due first 9/10 of elk calves (deed) are males. Kelly & Lewis say the same Go to 7 adult cows from calves seems equal at birth. 14ay shoues be brought in season and left on hand until needed

Thursday April 27 Jackson Ranet nearly all day Remain at Jackson working on my notes Mr Seibohn tells one that I saw a long billed Curlew on the Snomp above Jackson about Apr 18. [illegible] Nearly all the students from meat Each month 15 cents to read for meat

Joad Webber was up to Gero Winter from Feb 1 to middle of April Thinks 95% of the calves died Wolves killed many. There was a good proportion of spike Does not think there were more than 1000 above Jenkins More a list 7 dead calves on ridge below Brown Creek and Gero Pentice Only a very few old ones dead and no more will die except any old ones Partially at least 150 calves died on the Gero Pentice above Jenkins Ed Myers can put up 80 cows. Thinks there are 7 wolves on the upper Gero Pentice Ed Myers killed one Mr. Lyon Saw tracks of one Mr. Lyon on Brown Creek this winter Only one sheep seen on Crystal Plenty of deer watered on Brown Creek Ed Stearns caught 2 Lynx on Brown Creek Several Coyotes killed by Ed Stearns 30 or 40 killed by others before the bounty went off. Stearns caught 2 wolves on Crystal Creek Says there is a lone one at head of Grand Creek Party killed one sheep on Green River in the Canyon near de 3 Forks 15 miles from Leppinger Lake More a good many elk in the same region and some more. This An Autumn of 1910

About a Thousand or 1200 wintered in the Hoback Basin at one or Canyon. There was practically no live stock from starvation. A few cows killed to relieve was a good proportion of Calves. Many also went out of Granite & Horse Creeks and then go to the Hoback Basin to winter. Then some killing for meat was not done in Kingston. There was mostly in the ranges which are in the basin to the north. Saw cattle winter on cliff with range in south. Been one or two of a second kind herd there Cattle reach to the north of Hoback Canyon A good man Thurlow come in fair As ran at parts of the state and prowled Mr. Red is a game warden in the Hoback Basin. Is a part of the Gros Ventre Reserve is under Federal control

Birds Jackson Hole 129 Mergus americanus 130 Mergus serrator. √ 132 Anas platyrhyncha √ √ 135 Chauliornis streperus √ 137 Mareca americana √ 139 Netta Carolinensis 142 Spatula clypeata √ 143 Dafila acuta √ 151 Clangula c. americana √ 152 Clangula islandica √ 153 Charitonetta albesia √ 167 Erymatura jamaicensis 172 Branta c canadensis Olor. f. √ 190 Botaurus lentiginosus √ 194 Ardea Herodias √ 214 Porzana carolina √ 221 Fulica americana √ 224 Steganopus tricolor √ 230 Gallinago delicata

Birds Jackson Hole 129 Mergus americanus 130 Mergus serrator 132 Anas platyrhyncha 135 Chenelasmus striperus 137 Mareca americana 139 Nettilon carolinense 142 Spatula clypeata 143 Dafila acuta 151 Clangula c. americana 152 Clangula islandica 153 Charitonetta albeola 167 Erymatura jamaicensis 172 Branta c canadensis Color. 190 Botaurus lentiginosus, 194 Ardea herodias 214 Porzana carolina 221 Fulica americana 224 Steganopus tricolor 230 Gallinago delicata

256 a Helodromas p. cinnamomus 263 Aetitis macularia 264 Numenius americanus 273 Oxycleus vociferus 297 L. Dendragapus obscurus richardsoni 300 b. Bonasa u. umbelloides 304 Lagopus leucurus 308 T. Pediocetes p. columbianus 309 Centrocercus urophasianus 316 Zenaidura m. carolinensis 325 Bathartes aura septentrionalis 331 Bircus hudsonius 332 Accipiter velox 337 B Buteo b calurus 349 Aquila chrysaetos 355 Falco peregrinus 357 Falco columbarius 360 a Falco s. phalaena 364 Pandion h. carolinensis 372 Cryptoglaux a. acadica 375 a. Bubo v. pallescens 390 Cercle alcyon

393 f Dryobates v. / montiepla 402 a Sphyrapicus v. nuchalis 1404 "" thyroides 413 Colaptes c. collaris 420 a Chordeiles v- Henryi 433 (?) Silasphorus rufus 1! 2b 444 Tyrannus tyrannus 447 Tyrannus verticalis 459 Nuttallornis borrallis 462 469 Empidonax wrighti 474 c. Otocoris a. leucolalema 475 Pica p. hudsonia 478 Cyanocitta s. annectens 484 a Perisoreus c capitalis Corvus c. principalis sinuatus 485 & Corvus b. hesperis 491 Mucifraga columbiana 495 Molothrus ater 497 Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus 498 d Agelaius p. fortis 501! Sturnella neglecta 510 Euphagus cyanocephalus

Carphodaeus Cassini √524 Leucosticta tephrochotis √525 Leucosticta atrata √533 Spinus pinus √540 a Pooecetes g. confinis √542 & Paserculus s. alaudinus √554 Zonotrichia leucophrys √560 a Spizella p. arizonae, √ Juncus treamsi √571 & Melospiza m. montana √592,1 Ortosspiza Chlorura √596 Zonotrichia melanoccephala √607 Piranga ludoviciana √612 Petrochelidon luminfrons √613 Hirundo erythrogaster √644 Iridoprocne bicolor √615 Tachycineta t. lepida √616 Riparia riparia √619 Bombycilla cedrorum √624 Vireosylva olivacea √627 a Vireosylva g. swainsoni

Vermivora c. orrastera 646 √652 Dendroica a aestiva. √656 " auduboni' tolmieri √680 Oporornis Philadelphia √683 a Wilsonia f. pileolata √701 Cinclus m. unicolor Orroscopetes montanus √721 a Dumetella carolinensis √726 & Ceithia f. montana √727 c. Sitta c. nelsoni √735 a Penthestes a. septentrionalis √738 Penthestes gambeli' √748 Regulus satrapa √749 Regulus calendula. ↓ 754 Myalestes townsendi √755 a Hylocichla u. swainsoni' √759 a Hylocichla g. auduboni' √76468 Planesticus m. propingueus √768 Scalia currucoide

8431 Report Published Grant Lodge 7 Elks