October 1853
Simons Bay
under stones at extreme low water. Of other genera Mangelia, Turpura, Salis-tio, Mytilus, Pisurella, Clita, Marg-mella, were represented by more than one species, and Eolis, Doris, Rissoa, Littorina, Chemniteia, Columbella, Mon-odonta, Kellia, Cardita, Arca, Septen-aria, Turtonia, Phasianella and Ost-rea also occurred. Ascidiae were very abundant and of a large species, which is used as bait in fishing, and called "Rock-bait." Of Echinoderms there were two Astotterria, an Echinus, Asteracanthim, Ophiuroa, and a Comatula. An Asteriscus was very common in rock pools, among sea-weed. The Actinia were exceedingly numerous.
By dredging on the sands in about twelve fathoms, at various times I found a few small Decapods, as Hymenosoma (snackides), and Scanthoryx, — a Pagurus, and two Dronice - of the Macroura Galathtea and a Gebia occurred as al-so a rare Hypsyle? Of Mollusks - a large Eledone ?, - a Pleurobranchus was common - a few fine nudibranch
occurred on sea weeds, and an Apliyra and Philine were frequently dredged - the latter commonly. The genera of shells Margarita, Cytherea, Pecten, Cardium, Pleu-rostoma, Venus, Calyptraea, Tellina, Jan-vitella, Baususctio, Artemis, Pinna, Margunella, Scalaria, Thyssira, Denta-lium, Lepton, were found. Of the Echinoderms there were here a Spat-angoid, an Astrepecten and an elongated Ophiopsis.
The nemertine genus Valencinia was taken on sea weeds on the sandy bottom, and a Chetoptera occurred in one instance. The Amphipoda were abundant. But another kind of submarine ground remains to be noticed, the products of which were quite different from the above. There were the patetes or lepdes of rocky bottom. They were often difficult to find, being small in extent, but by sharp land marks I was usually able to strike upon them without long search. The Crustacea here were peculiar, as the large lobster (Palinurus Lalandei) which is eaten by the inhabitants :- a genus,