Lake Umbagog journals, 1871-1916 (inclusive)

SBv 97.41.5 (5) 5. Birds of Lake Umbagog, Maine. ✓ Macrorhamphus griseus - - - I. ? Symphemia semipalmata - - - - - 15. ? Tringa canutus - - - - - - - 2. ? inornata - 16. ✓ Actodromas maculata - - - - 3. ✓ Pavoncella pugnax - - - - - - - 17. ✓ fuscicollis - - 4. ? Tryngites subruficollis - - - - 18. ✓ bairdii - - - - - 5. ✓ Actitis macularia - - - - - - - 19. ✓ minutilla - - - - 6. ✓ Numenius hudsonicus - - - - - - - 20. ✓ Pelidna alpina sakhalina - 7. ? borealis - - - - - - - 21. ✓ Ereunetes pusillus - - - - 8. ✓ Squatarola squatarola - - - - - - 22. ? occidentalies - - - 9. ✓ Charadrius dominicus - - - - - - - 23. ✓ Calidris arenaria - - - - - I0. ✓ Oxyechus vociferus - - - - - - - 24. ? Limosa haemastica - - - - - II. ✓ Aegialitis semipalmata - - - - - 25. ✓ Totanus melanoleucus - - - - I2. ? meloda - - - - - - - - 26. flavipes - - - - - I3. ✓ Arenaria interpres - - - - - - - 27. ✓ Melodromas solitarius - - I4.

Macrorhamphus griseus.

Macrochamphus gresius. 1900 September 14 (4) Adult males of this species were taken by Mr. Dutton and examined by me. I have all from beds above & below them now.

Macrorhamphus griseus. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1900. Opposite Leonard's Pond we (the Stones and I) found Mr. Sept.I4. Dutton beating the marshes for Snipe. As I was watching him I discovered four large waders which I took at first for Sum- mer Yellow-legs feeding on a space of bare mud on the edge of the river (Androscoggin). Dutton soon saw them too and ap- proaching them fired several shots, killing three of them. Before this slaughter was completed and while the frightened birds were dashing back and forth over the flats I recog- nized them as Red-breasted Snipe, a species new to my Umbagog list. On landing and examining the three that Mr.Dutton had killed I found that they were all typical griseus and all young birds. They were curiously colored, being neither in 1900. Sept.I4. (no. 2) the brown-backed, red-breasted summer plumage, nor in the gray and white winter dress, but having the brown of the up- per and the red of the lower parts overlaid or clouded with grayish through which the richer colors showed indistinctly as through a veil. I think I have seen this plumage before in specimens shot late in September or early in October. It state is apparently a transition between the summer and winter plu- mages.

Tringa canutus. 2 4

Tringa canutus. 1880. Maine (Lake Umbagog). May 23. Mr. Wormell tells me that he has shot this Sandpiper or his friend here at Umbagog. (See Journal)

Actodromas maculata. 3 6

Tringa maculata. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1880. Sept.15. Shot four feeding together on the bar at the mouth of the river. 1882. Oct.8-22 Common, usually single, but sometimes in flocks of eight to a dozen. Last seen October 17; also October 28 (C.F.Batchelder).

Actodromas maculata. L. Umbagog, Maine. Tringa maculata. July 21; Sept. 17 1873. Tringa mac Aug 18th. 1874. Sept. 10 / Oct. 11 - 13 & 17-28 Sept. T. maculata 18, 22, 25. Oct 6 & 7-9 Tringa maculata Sept 7 & 13 & 19 & 20 (head). 21 & 1889 74 Tringa mac. Sept. 22 (king) - 2 1/2 from m) Lake Umbagog, Maine, 1890. Oct. 5 & 6-100 7 & 8 & Ant. occurrence at L. Umbagog Tringa maculata. A flock of about a dozen of these sandpipers rose from the mud-flats near the mouth of Cambridge River & whiling past within long range gave me an opportunity to knock, on a single x bird, I have a suspicion that some if not all the survivors may have been Tringa alpine but all looked alike, their notes however were unfamiliar. Oct. 18th saw a finge one at mouth of Cambridge R. Tringa maculata Shot one at the outlet. It was with two Blette head Plovers. It was amazingly tame, feeding unconcernedly while I stood within twelve or fifteen feet of it,

Actodromas maculata. 1888, October 6. Head of Lake Umbagog. Down the river some 300 yds. came upon two Tringa maculata sitting on a mat of floating grass. The Grass Birds flew off and pitched down near the Out- let. Going to the spot we flushed a flock of ten. I killed eight of them in a few minutes several simply flying. They were ab- surdly tame. 1894, September 12. Lake Umbagog. Outlet Marshes. Starting down river under sail I had gone only a short distance when five Pectorals came flying past at very long range. I fired one barrel only, bringing down a single bird. The other four alighted on the flat opposite the entrance to Leonard's Pond. I followed and on reaching the place quickly discovered two of the birds standing motionless among some thin grass. Although I knew that the other two must be very near I could not see them, but I presently made out a Wilson's Snipe standing not far from the Pec- torals in a statuesque attitude and only partially concealed by the grass. After a while he came out on the bare mud and began feeding with the Pectorals. All three birds "bored" in an essen- tially similar manner but the downward thrusts of the Snipe were more rapid and vigorous than those of his companions and he seemed to have much more success, bringing up and swallowing something at every second or third thrust. I did not wish to kill the Snipe sitting, but one of the Pectorals looked so much like a Baird's Sandpiper that when the two came together I fired and all

Actodromas maculata. 1894, September 12. (2) Lake Umbagog. Outlet Marshes. three birds fell. When I landed to pick them up I found the other two Pectorals standing stock still among the grass. I flushed them and tried for a double shot but fired only one barrel and missed with that.

Tringa maculata Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1889 Maine Sept. 29 E. Umbagop - Three on grassy flats near the Outlet. They kept together but apart from a small flock of Snumets. When the latter flew, however, they usually joined them. They waded knee deep in the water and our team across a narrow but deep channel. On the ground they were silent and rather slow of movement. They permitted a very close approach standing perfectly still and being hard to see but not squawking. At the last moment they would spring suddenly and make off precisely like a Snipe doubling & twisting, and uttering their peculiar notes incessantly. Their cry is a short, rough, gruttural, yet not unmusical errr, errr. I shot two both of which fell wing tipped. Neither attempted concealment although there were patches of tall grass and humpts of sand with hollows between. They usually waded out into the shallow water and when I found them uttered a loud prolonged scream which seemed to be merely a succession of the ordinary notes run together. When flying these Sandpipers look fully as large as a Snipe

Tringa maculata. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894. There were also a flock of seventeen Pectorals of which Oct.I. I killed four. These Sandpipers are singularly like Snipe in many of their ways. They probe in precisely the same manner and when approached remain perfectly motionless for many min- utes at a time evidently relying on their admirable protective coloring for concealment but unlike the Snipe they do not squat. Nevertheless it is extremely difficult to see them even when a dozen or more are standing in plain view. There is almost always a background of grass and the mud on these marshes is also covered with a short, exceedingly dense growth of fine grass which, at a distance, looks like vividly green moss. The Pectorals resort much to these mossy flats even when, as is nearly always the case, they are somewhat elevated and perfectly dry. The birds do not feed there, but simply bask or sleep in the sun. Pectorals are invariably very tame here but they are easily alarmed by loud sounds and the report of a gun will often start a flock in great alarm half-a-mile or more away. When thus startled the birds fly about for many minutes before realighting coursing back and forth over the marshes, now high now low, wheeling and turning sharply.

Actodromas maculata. Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Fringa maculata Sept. 26 (3) moon Pt. | 27 (30) - 28 (30) 15 30 (10) Oct. 1 (13) 2^d_3^d Lake Umbagog, Maine. " 1894 Fringa maculata August 25 flocks heard passing over Bethel hotel 10.30 P.M. September 9 heard 10 & 11 (5) 12 (2) (5) (8 shot) (14 gins, / ad) " 13^L 21 flock hd " 23^L morning twilight - 22^L " " 23 13 shot 6 young 25 (25) (18) (1) (1) 27 (3) October 1 (17) 3 gins } shot (1 lad) 2 (14) (1) 1895. September 9 (10) 10 hd 12 (6)

Iringa maculata. 1896 Lake Umbagog. September 11(7) 3^L 5^L 7^3 11^2 25(30) 28 (24) W.B. / 29 (407) October 2w. 3^L 1897 September 6' 1900. September 21(16) males at mouth of Cambridge Run. 29 Dr. Richard

Actodromas fuscicollis. 4 15

Tringa bonapatrei. 1880. Maino (Lake Umbagog). Sept. 12. Shot an adult male changing to fall plumage; it was feeding in company with peeps on the bar at the mouth of the Cambridge. " 16. Shot an adult female which was feeding on a muddy shore near the Outlet. It was alone, tame, and very fat.

Actodromas fuscicollis Fringa bonaparte. Found a flock of nine near the mouth of Cambridge River & killed every bird. They were marvellously tame. We paddled the boat within ten feet of them as they sat huddled together on a muddy flat. They show the white rump conspicuously when flying. On the ground they look very gray. Their movements are slow & sedate. They walk in a crouching posture. Note zip - zip when flying. They also had a low twitter when Lacolle Umbagog, Maine. Oct. 26, 1883 L. Umbagog, Maine. Fringa bonaparte Oct. 14 4 shot 23 2 seen Fringa bonaparte Oct. 17 4 (2nd) 1885 Fringa bonaparte 29 3 shot Sept. 1887. Sept 29 ♀ od / 4042 - Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Fringa fuscicollis Sept. 30 1 shot morning with flock of Z maculata Oct. 2 @ with Dunlin 3⓬ 4④ 8' 11" at Outlet. This Sandpiper is lively and animated in its movements when feeding in the aspect, resembling the Least Sandpiper somewhat and differing from the Solitary, showing peculiar habits which it usually associates here. It is one of the largest of the Fringilla. Its call is wholly unlike that of any other Sandpiper, a faster chirping. Its flight is swift and erratic. Mine Notes. s fuscicollis (Vieill.) Ridgw. BONAPARTE'S SANDPIPER.—given as a resident of our State in Hamlin's, Verrill's or but is still a not uncommon autumnal migrant along are seldom met with in the interior, and the only records away from the coast, so far as I can learn, are here given. own furnishes me the first record from his notes as follows: During the past two weeks our party has taken only of this bird at Lake Umbagog. One was shot about Oct. ers upon Oct. 14." On October 23, 1881, I came upon a small pool near this city (Bangor), and obtained three N. A. Eddy afterwards took one at the same place.—HARRY gor, Maine. Bull. N. O. O. 7, July, 1882, p. 191.

Actodromas fuscicollis. 1887, Lake Umbagog. September 29. Very tame. Three Bonaparte Sandpipers / on a large, oozy flat at the mouth of the Outlet, on the extremity of Moose Point ) were so tame that they would not fly at the report of the gun. 18

Tringa fusci collis 1896 Lake Umbagog. September 7 2 14 1 28 Shot by Armstrong October 3 2 Flight note tsit, tsit, weak for a wader - suggestion of the chirp of a Wren or Sparrow.

Actodromas bairdii. 5 20

Tringa bairdi. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1874. Sept. 1. Shot one on the muddy bank of the River. It rose at the report of the gun, uttering a single mellow tweet, and flying a short distance dropped dead. I noticed nothing peculiar in its actions except that it ran rather faster than most Tringas. 1880. Sept 4. Several Sandpipers accompanied by two Aegialitis semipalmata on the bar at the mouth of the Cambridge River this evening. They moved about like “Peeps” but looked considerably larger. Their backs appeared striped, and a low conversational twittering which they kept up sounded unfamiliar. While I was trying to make out what they were the flock rose; I shot into them but only killed one bird which proved to be a Baird’s Sand- piper. It was badly shot and so fat that it could not be skinned. I am positive that its companions (six in number) were all of the same species. “ 5. Shot two which were feeding in company with an Ereu- netos pusillus on a bar at the mouth of the Cambridge. They were undoubtedly the same birds seen here last night; they were very tame and on the mud looked scarce- ly larger than Least Sandpipers. When they spread their wings, however, the difference in size was at once appar- ent. Their flight was swift, erratic, in every way iden- tical with that of other small waders. Both were exceed- ingly fat.

Actodromas bairdii. L. Umbagog, Maine. 1890 / Sept. 4 Rickett 5-2 sun Lake Umbagog, Maine. Tringa Bairdii 1894 Sept. 12 2 shot at Outlet on mud bank in company with two Pectorals & from Eremite finches, When their backs were turned towards me the Baird's Sandpipers resembled the Pectorals closely when their breasts were expanded they looked more like the Eremites. Between these they were about intermediate in characteristics They differ in respect to this species and motions differences Sept. 25. Shot an adult ♂ & a jun. ♂ on the marshes near the Outlet. They were in company with a Ring-neck Plover finding on an extensive mud flat on the edge of a pool of shallow water into which they waded to their bellies. As a rule they waddled rather sedately like Pectorals but occasionally they ran quickly about in divers courses like the smaller Tringa. They probed the mud continually drawing their bill in to their eyes. They were very tame, They looked so very like Eremites that I was not sure of their identity until I shot them. On the Occurrence of Certain Birds in New England --- Wm Brewster. Tringa Bairdii, Coues. I secured a fine male of this spe- cies at Upton, Oxford County, Maine, Sept. 1, 1875. When first observed it was sitting alone on a mud flat at the foot of Lake Umbagog. /4 Bull. N.O.C. I, April, 1876. p. 19. 22

Actodromas bairdii. RECENT OCCURRENCE OF BAIRD'S SANDPIPER (Tringa bairdi) IN MAINE. — So far as I am aware, we have but four recorded instances * of the capture of this Sandpiper in New England, but the following facts will seem to indicate that in certain localities, at least, it may be something more than a mere accidental visitor. On the evening of Sept. 4, 1880, while returning from a trip up Lake Umbagog (Oxford Co., Maine), and just as we were entering the mouth of Cambridge River, the guide called my attention to a flock of small Waders sitting on a mud-flat. I made out two of the number to be Ring-necked Plovers, but in the fading light it was difficult to distinguish colors, and as the remaining six looked unfamiliar I picked out one that stood a little apart and shot it. The others disappeared in the gloom and I picked up a specimen of Tringa bairdi. Early the next morning I again visited the spot but there were only six Ring-necks on the flat. On a neighboring mud-bar, however, I shortly found two Baird's Sandpipers feeding in company with an Ereunetes and all three were quickly secured. The Baird's Sandpipers proved to be a male and female, both birds of the year. They were so fat that their skins were preserved with the greatest difficulty. Whether they represented a part of the flock seen the evening before can of course only be a matter of conjecture. I have, however, good reasons for suspecting that the Baird's Sandpiper regularly occurs at Umbagog in small numbers during the autumnal migration. In view of its known distribution in the West it would be more likely to be found on interior ponds and marshes than along our sea-coast, where it is apparently a very rare species. The specimens above mentioned were very tame and I watched them for some time before disturbing them. Their motions were slow and sedate and their attitudes crouching. They kept up a low conversational twitter while feeding, and when flushed, flew in that swift, erratic way characteristic of most of the smaller Waders. The peculiar coloring of the upper parts gave them a striped appearance which should serve to distinguish them from any other eastern Sandpiper except Tryngites rufescens — WILLIAM BREWSTER, Cambridge, Mass. Bull. N.O.O., 6, Jan., 1881, p. 60-61. * Long Island, Boston Harbor, Aug. 27, 1870. Brewster, Am. Nat., VI, May, 1872, 306.— Lake Umbagog, Upton, Maine, Sept. 1, 1875. Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, I, April, 1876, 19.— Scarborough Beach, Maine, Sept. 9, 1875. Brown, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, II, January, 1877, 28.— Swampscott, Mass., Aug. 27, 1876. Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, III, July, 1878, 140.

1894, September 4. Actodromas bairdii. (?) Lake Umbagog. Opp.Pine Point. There was also a large flock of Ereunetes, among which were four or five birds of about the size and general appearance of Grass Birds, but with a different call, a peculiar half mellow, half squeaky note. I suspect that they were Baird's Sandpipers.

Tringa bairdii. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894. Soon after dinner I took the canoe and my gun and sailed Sept. 12. across to the Outlet on reaching which I skirted closely a space of bare but some-what hillocky, muddy ground where I have often found waders of various kinds but on which I could see, on this occasion, only a solitary Least Sandpiper. I then ran the canoe ashore and took down the sail. While I was thus engaged the canoe drifted back a few yards when on look- ing up I was greatly surprised to see within fifteen or twenty feet, and on the very ground which I had just scrutinized so closely, a flock of eight Sandpipers among which I at once recognized two Pectorals and four Ereunetes. The remaining two birds had an unfamiliar look but I quickly became convinced that they were Baird's Sandpipers as turned out to be the case. I watched the flock for at least ten minutes before disturbing them. At first they all stood perfectly motionless regarding me with timid suspicion, apparently, but presently they scattered about and began feeding. The Ereunetes ran nimby from place to place showing themselves freely along the water's edge. The Pectorals acted very differently, moving at a slow walk and keeping back among the hillocks, following the depressions of the ground and crouching so low as often to be hidden from my sight, but occasionally showing their heads and necks, as they stood erect to look at me. The move=

Tringa bairdii. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894. ments and the attitudes of the Bairds Sandpipers were in Sept. 12. many respects about intermediate between those of the two spe= cies just named but, on the whole, nearest, I thought, to those of Ereunetes. At length getting a favorable opportunity I fired, killing the two Pectorals, one of the Baird's, and an Ereunetes with my first barrel, and dropping the other Baird's and one more Ereunetes with the second barrel, as the survivors started off over the river. The remaining two birds, both Ereunetes, flew off down the Lake. On afterwards skinning the Baird's Sandpipers I found that both were females in good condition, but not nearly so fat as Waders usually are at this season. Sept. 25. Soon after we had landed on the Outlet marshes (a few hun- dred yards below the Outlet on the west bank) we saw three Waders feeding on a mud flat at the edge of a shallow pool of surface water. One of them proved to be a Ring-necked Plover. The other two I could not make out to my satisfaction, although I studied them for many minutes through my glass at a distance of about 25 yards and in a good light. I suspected that they were Baird's Sandpipers, but they looked and acted surprisingly like Ereunetes. They were wading up to their bellies in the

3. Tringa bairdii. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894. water and probing the soft mud most assiduously. At times they Sept. 25. would walk about slowly and sedately like Pectorals, thenrun briskly busily to and fro exactly like "Peeps"! The longer I watched them the stronger became my impression that they were Ereune- tes but still their breasts looked too brown and their size too large. Finally getting them together I shot them both, not without strong reluctance, but to my delight they proved to be really Tringa bairdii, a young δ and an old female. On skinning them I found them to be in good condition but not so fat as Waders usually are at this season. 27

Fringa bairdii 1896 Lake Umbagog. September 3rd shot. 5'/min Sept. 3. Shot two on the mud flats at the Outlet. They started on the right banks and alighted on the left within 50 yards of a small fork of Greenwater - but instead of joining the latter they kept walking away from them. I watched them fully fifteen minutes before shooting. Their manner of fishing was essentially the same as that of Greensands. They moved about very quickly making short runs in different directions across the soft mud or through shallow water picking up morsels of food during the pause but not even feeding to drop depth. Some of their runs were eight or ten feet in length and very hastily made. When they saw me approaching they stopped and stood very erect with necks stretched up to the full length watching me silently & with evident distrust but when I got within about 30 yards & somewhat steadily became reassured and began feeding again. One of them took a bath, wading into a pool up to its belly disdubbing its head and wringing its wings to scatter the water and its back precisely in the manner of a Sparrow or Wren. This flight like that of most of the smaller waders was very swift & erratic. The flight note, frequently given, was deep, deep sweet like that of the Sandpiper but distinct enough from the call of any Sandpiper known to me. Although they were 200 yards away when they started I felt sure out over, that they were Baird's Sanderlings. The form and make-up of any other species is quite different & that has a very different note. On this ground the combination of fine white underparts, buffy breast and squamate upper parts is sufficient to determine the bird at a glance in a good light. These two specimens are not at all fat. They found wholly on small insects. Both were males & at least one an old bird.

Irenja Bairdii 1896. Lake Umbagog. Sept. 5 On flying about over the marsh occasionally alighting for a moment but appearing restless & uneasy and refusing to join any of the flocks of Grebe or a pair of Cig. [illegible] which were feeding quietly on the pond at the Outlet. When the bird came so near that I plainly saw its buffy breast band & white under parts but I got only one long flying shot & missed. I know the flight was many times too much better advantage than on the 3rd and I should now write it creep or crept instead of kept. 1897 Sept. 7 Two birds seen by Pinchin on the same beach near Whales Back Cove and described by him as "about the size of Bonapartes Gull but with buffy breast & grizzled wings" were probably of this species. They were very tame.

Actodromas minutilla. 6 30

Aetoromus minutillus L. Umbagog, Maine. Tringa minutilla. - to find July 19 1873. " minutilla Sept. 8 1874 / Sept. 5 " with 12 2 with 1887. Tringa mini Sept. 3^d 12^d Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894 Tringa minutilla September 12^d mud bar at Outlet. October 2^d " " near " Positively identified 1880. Tringa minutilla. Maino (Lake Umbagog). Sept. 5. Three or four in company with Ereunetes in Sargent's Cove.

Ixia minutula 1896 Lake Umbagog. September 7 & 8^ 1898. August 26 & 27^ 1900. September 10'

Pelidna alpina sakhalina. 7 33

Pelidna alpina sachalina. Tringa alpine. On Lake Umbagog. I shot one of these sandpipers at the mouth of Peaslee's Brook. It was feeding on the muddy bank of the river in company with a Solitary Sandpiper. It. was exceedingly tame & I watched it for several minutes before shooting it. It walked rather slowly and steadily & probed like a Snipe thrusting its bill into the mud nearly to its base. It uttered a peculiarly mellow tweet - twe'll et just as it took wing. I saw L. Umbagog, Maine. T. alpina Oct. 21ᵗʰ 1889 75 Tringa alpine Oct. 8 shot Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Tringa alpina americana. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1876. Oct. 6. One shot by N.C.Brown on Lake Umbagog. 1883. Oct. 20. Shot a female at the mouth of Peaslee's Brook where it was feeding in company with a Solitary Sandpiper. It was very tame, not fat. Four others seen flying over the marshes.

Pelidna alpina sakhalina. Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Fringsa alpina Oct. 2 @ sad that 3 june 1 year thus Oct. 2. Seven feeding on the beach at Moose Pt. Junco Pectorals too Bonaparte's and a Dunlin mixed with them - The Dunlins were shy and more nervous than the other birds & usually took wing first. When feeding they moved about rather slowly in crouching attitudes like the Pectorals but when alarmed or suspicious they stood erect with necks stretched up, their long bills and graceful outlines at once distinguished them from these companions - Flight like that of most Fringsa - swift & erratic with frequent sharp turns & doubtings. Call note a mellow double whistle diagnostic, but resembling somewhat the Pectoral, an adult which I shot had the under parts spotted with black. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Fringsa alpina pacifica 1894 September 27 (killed) Quail twisters. " 28

1896 Lake Umbagog. September 28 (2) (east) Iris alpinus parviflora 36

Tringa a pacifica. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894. As we were passing the mud flats on the left shore oppo- Sept. 27. site Leonard's Pond I saw several small waders sitting on little mounds of mud surrounded by water. We pushed the boat towards them and soon made them out to be Dunlins. As they appeared to be very tame I decided to try to photograph them. Jim pushed the boat slowly along over the mud until the bows were within eight feet of the birds and I put up my tripod an took ten pictures of them. My subjects were scarce enough interested in what I was about to so much as look at me al- though my focussing cloth waved and flapped in the wind and various doors, slides and springs of the camera clicked and snapped loudly. During most of the time (about two hours) the birds were asleep with their bills buried in the feathers of the back (scapulars) but they literally slept "with one eye open". When I roused them by whistling, clapping my hands, or talking to them they would regard me for a moment with mild wonder and then go to sleep again. I stood up and sat down, changed the position of my camera etc. without taking the slightest pains to avoid noise or sudden movements, but the birds after the first minute ot two, paid no attention to my movements. They were evidently very tired but it seemed in- credible that any wild creatures should be so utterly devoid of fear or even curiosity. There was nothing between them and 37

Tringa a pacifica. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894. and the boat but water and bare mud. Sept. 27. After we had finished with them I decided to frighten (No. 2). them away as some gunners had been watching our proceedings. I swung my paddle about and struck it on the water without success. Then I began spattering water on them. They ducked their heads and ran two and fro for an instant but finally took flight and went off in apparent great alarm and excite- ment flying half a mile or more before realighting. There were five birds in all and at least two were adults but all were in gray winter dress. There were three Pectorals near them.

Freunetes pusillus. 8 39

Ereunetes pusillus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1873. July 20. Saw three, identification positive. 1880. Sept. 5. This species constituted the greater portion of a flock of about twenty-five small waders, feeding on a mud-bar in Sargent's Cove. " 12. Eighteen in company with two Tringa minutilla on the bar at the mouth of the Cambridge. They were surpri- singly tame allowing us to paddle the canoe within ten feet of them. They fed chiefly in the shallow water, thrusting their heads beneath the surface and bringing up masses of water weeds from which they disengaged small particles of food. Occasionally they bored the soft mud like Snipe, thrusting their bills down to the very base. I find that most of the Tringae do this and per- haps all the Scolopacidae. With the present species the motion differs slightly from that of the Snipe, bo- ing less rapid and decidod while the bill is often work- ed up and down in the same spot . At least one indi- vidual in one flock of "Peops" is pretty sure to be minus a leg; there was one such unfortunate in this flock, but although only the stump of his leg was left he seemed to get along very well, hopping nimbly about on the sound member. " 14. Large numbers on the bar at the mouth of the Cam- bridge. " 15. An immense flock feeding on the bar at the mouth of the Cambridge. " 18. A flock on the bar at the mouth of the Cambridge River in company with Ring-necks.

Ereunetes pusillus. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Ereunetes /usillus 1894 September 4 (Sun only) 9 to 10^2 / 11 to 12 ^ 3 shot 21 to 23 ^ 6 gone. 1895. September 13-14^6 Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Ereunetus pusillus Sept. 30 'shot, Oct. 2- L. Umbagog, Maine. Ereunetus pusillus. - July 20 1873. 1850 Ereunetus Sept. 8 shot - 1874 / Sept 5- (15) - 12 ^ (18) - 14 "average" - 15^dr, 18^hr Ereunetus pusillus Oct. 19 'shot 1886 1887. Ereunetus pus Sept. 3 2 shot 4 ^ (Sun) - 5- 9^ 13^ Sept. Ereunetus fus 17^ 18^ 1888 Ereunetus pus Sept 7 'shot 13^ 18^ (10) 19^ (11) 21^2 1889 77 Ereunetus fus Oct 6 ^ Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Ereunetes pusillus 1889. Maine, L. Umbagog. Sept - Oct. Less numerous than usual owing probably to the fact that the water was at the proper pitch to afford a good feeding ground on- ly for a short time in September. On the 13th we found a solitary bird of this species which was remarkably tame. It was feeding on the bank of the river and would allow us to approach within three or four feet before flying. Several times I almost touched it with one of the oars. We took some excellent photographs of it at distances ranging from four to ten feet. When forced to fly it usually alighted on a stump where it would remain a few min- utes and then return to the place whence it started. 41

Ereunetes pusillus. Lake Umbagog. Cambridge River. 1889, September 13. Tame one. On the river bank we discovered an Ereunetes which proved wonderfully tame. We took several photographs of him at distances of from four to ten feet. I could almost touch him with my oar.

Eremetes pusillus 1896. Lake Umbagog. September 1(2) 2 3 4 5 7 8 25 October months, 28 29 30 Cambridge Rain records October 3 1897. September 5- 6(15)

Ereunetes occidentalis. 9

pusillus Crurneta occidentalis 1896 Lake Umbagog. September 7 1st hot. (This specimen should be carefully identified. I doubt if it is really occidentalis.) [It was not W.R.]

Calidris arenaria. 10 46

Calidris arenaria - L. Umbagog, Maine. idris arenaria. - Sept. 13. - One shot yesterday on Richardson Lake was given me to-day 1873. Colidris Aug 13th shot on Cambridge R. 1874 / Sept 9 & 16 at Outlet. abundant Calidris Sept. 18 ✓ 1889 Calidris arenaria. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1873. Sept. 13. One received to-day which was shot on Richardson Lake yesterday. 1874. Aug. 13. A single bird shot by Barstow on the bank of the river just below the house. Sept. 17. Saw two near the Outlet. A heavy northeast storm gathering. 1880. Sept. 9. Four shot from a flock of eight feeding on a sand smear bar at the Outlet. They kept along the water's edge following the retreating waves as they do on the sea beaches. Cloudy day with rain nearly around " 16. Actually abundant in small flocks along the sandy beach of the lake near the Outlet. Dry cloudy sky & strong heavy N.E. Sand storm Thursday

Limosa haemastica. // 48

Totanus melanoleucus. 12 49

Totanus melanoleucus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1874. Sept. 17. At the Peaks of the Diamond River one of these birds passed overhead, flying high above the woods, and calling loudly. 1880. May 31. One circling about near the house whistling loudly. Sept. 5. One feeding in company with four Totanus flavipus. " 13. Up to this time I have seen only one. The hunters say that they do not appear in any numbers till late in October. Sometime after the lake is frozen they pass over it in immense numbers. Such a flight occurred last year, great flocks passing at intervals during the whole day. One observer assured me that he saw at least a thousand. " 16. A flock of four alighted in the shallow water near the Outlet. They were very tame and I killed them all. 1882. Oct. 3-22 One or two seen daily. Last observed October 17. 1883. Oct. 17. Shot one on the meadow.

Totanus melanoleucus. L. Umbagog, Maine. shot / shot / shot 3 Totanus melanoleucus. - Aug. 27, 28; Sept. 2, 13 1873. mid. Aug. 18 shot birds Sept. 1. 14² 19 heard 1874 / May 31st Sept 5th. 16 (b) Oct. 15 (b) Totanus melanoleucus Oct. 17⁻ 23⁻ 1884 Totanus melanoleucus - Oct. 8⁻ 9⁻ 14⁻ 15⁻ 22⁻ 1885. Totanus melanoleucus - Oct. 18¹ pin 1886. Totanus mel Sept. 4⁴ 5⁻ 8⁴ 10¹ad 13⁻ 29⁻ Sept. 1899 T. melanoleucus 6¹³ 17⁻ 18⁻ 22⁻ 28⁻ Oct 7⁻ 11⁻ Totanus mel Sept. 18 3 (ad) 19⁹ 21² 22¹ ad 1889 78 Totamus mel Sept. 25 (ad) shot Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Oct. 6 (had 2 pin shot) 8² 9² 26 heard 30 (burned) a flock said to contain 50 or more reported about Sept 1890 Lake Umbagog, Maine. Totanus melanoleucus 1894 August 31 (moon Pt.) September 20 (Outer) 25 heard about 8 P.M. " 26² 28⁻ October 1 heard 2 (b) 1895. September 17 1 ad shot 27 ½ group S. arm Pine Pt. at (burned Pond) burnt way high up. Lake Umbagog. 1896. Totamus melanoleucus May 12⁻ Grafton (meadow foot by railroad near Brooks') June 4. Heard one within the distance in the flooded cane flats on Moose Point. It must have been on the driftwood as the water was several feet deep among the firs. " 9 ½ lying over (Water) dale cushion

Totanus melanoleucus. Totanus melanoleucus late Autumnal note. I found two Greater Yellow legs on the meadow below the house and shot one of them. The other, Flood this morning at 12° and the meadows were frozen hard in the forenoon. Oct. 20 saw four Yellow legs to-day and shot three of them. Oct. 23. Shot one at the outlet. It had the lower mandible shattered by a shot & hanging by a single shred. Yet it was feeling briskly

Totanus melanoceucus. ♀ which I killed. Museum is now being formed. Sept. 28, 1907. This one at mouth of Sandridge from inside of broad hedge protected but from open two feet. Oct. 26. One on the meadows to Eden. Two found killing Oct. 31. Two found killing after dark this night.

Totanus melanoleucus. 1889, Lake Umbagog. September 12. They (some campers on Moll's Rock) have also killed many Yellow-legs. One man got eleven by firing both barrels into a flock of about 300. 1890, Lake Umbagog. October 6. Near Outlet of Lake. Soon after this we heard Yellow-legs whistling up river and paddling to the spot found three more all of which I killed. One was so tame that I got within ten feet of it and actually fired a shot at one of the others directly over its head without starting it.

L.Umbagog. 1890. Oct.6, Totanus melanoleucus. Seven seen late this afternoon at the Outlet. There were two sets of three each and a single bird. I killed both sets of them and found that all but one were old birds. They were all tame enough to permit an approach within close gun range while one (an adult bird) was nearly devoid of fear that I found it almost impossible to make it fly. We ran the boat ashore within ten feet of it but it merely raised its head, walked a few steps, and began feeding again. At length I shot one of the others firing directly over its head the muzzle of the gun being certainly within six or eight feet of it but the bird merely opened and shut its wings and sounded its shrill whistle a few times. I watched it feed for a long time. It walked slowly along the shore keeping the head below the line of the back most of the time. When it picked up anything the body was tilted forward, the legs being seldom bent appreciably. Once it waded out into the water up to its belly and repeatedly plunged the whole head and neck beneath the surface. These Yellow-legs came into the marshes late in the afternoon but also in the early morning. They appear at an immense height and circle for a time on set wings whistling loudly then scale down. Frequently they pass on to the S. without stopping.

1897. Lake Umbagog. May 29 Totanus melanocercus.

Sotanus melanoleucus O.- near Outlet. 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 13 heard 17 1/2 in company with 27 1/2 28 2 with 5 ♂♀ flowing September 1 Ⓐ with 2 ♀ flow. 2 Ⓓ; 4 hd out . 5-Ⓢ 1 mate (sex. 3 ad. 1 pair shot 2 ♀ flowing 2 ♀ shot) 7' 12 shot. 14 2 (Carcass) 17 Ⓓ Sargent. 28 (27) c.. 2 ♀ (had 2 pair shot) October 2 (shot) - 3 Ⓒ 1897. September 4 hd 6 Ⓖ 7 Ⓗ 10 (13) in summer 1900. Curtis M. September 4' 6(14) c. 7 ks. 8 flow 9' 14'

Totanus flavipes. 13 57

Totanus flavipes. Waino (Lake Umbagog). 1873. July 20. Saw three on the Cambridge River marshes. 1874. Aug. 13. Saw several flocks at the mouth of Cambridge River. " 27. A flock of four feeding on the mud in Black Island Cove. 1880. Sept. 2. Shot two. " 3. One flying over the meadows and whistling, after dark. " 13. Two on the mud-flats near the mouth of the Cambridge. They were very tame and I watched their motions for sometime, standing within ten yards of me. They probed the mud very like Snipe, and tilted the head and fore-part of the body in a peculiar, automaton-like way.

Totanus flavipes. L. Umbagog, Maine. Totanus flavipes. - July 20, 21, 31 " Aug. 2, 27 1873. " flav. Aug 18 and Sept 27-29 1474 / Sept 2 1850 3 shot - 5-4-13 - 15 Sept. Totanus flav. 23 Oct 2 (shot) 1880 T. flavipes Sept 7 shot - 192 1889 Oct. 2 shot. Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Totanus flavipes Sept. 24 1 head Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894 Totanus flavipes August 25 - 1 head with T. maculata Bethel flying over 10.80 M. September 3 (3) join 4 (15) c. 9 dead " 10 (4) / 11 kill 12 kill 21 kill 1895. September 11 flying high over Twin Pt.

14 Tatamus flavipes Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1889 Maine Sept.7 S. Umbagog just at bust after a rainy day with & wind I found a flock of four accompanied by a Triinga maculata on a mud-flat at the mouth of Cambridge River. Every few seconds they would whistle pheu or pheu- phew this note exceedingly melous and sweet as a rule but sometimes given in a shrill, falsetto tone. They were very tame and I watched them for some time. They moved about with long graceful strides continually stopping and standing erect to look around. Occasionally one would open and raise its wings over its back. Upon alighting after a flight they would hold their wings open the tips pointing straight upward & made tenday for a moment then fold them deliberately and very neatly. All four proved to be young birds; two of the three I examined were ♂♂. It is said that one gunner killed seven Yellow legs at the outlet to-day. Oct. 2 My guide James Bernier shot one this morning on the banks of Cambridge River just below the Balls House. It was a young bird.

Tolamus flamipes. 1900. September 14 2 shot by Harry Russell. I have taken an flesh.

Lotamus flamius 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 17 (in company with 28 in company 3 / Canoe Run a J. underwriters) with 2 J. underwriters Pier Colls House. September / 2 (with 28 3 (a gentleman) 6 100+ 7 (20 J. underwriter with 19, mule) Wier Sargeant (3 dead shot) 1 jail first.) The ordinary call note is phere- phere a sometimes phere is often a double but sometimes only a single whistle (there are I think never more than two whistles). The pitch is lower than that of the call of J. melanocephalus or rather lower than all except the finish (or the next to the finish) note of their call. Both syllables of the double whistle are on the same key. The tone is smooth & pleasing. In general appearance and movements the Lesser Yellow Leg is an exact counterpart of the Greater. It has the same graceful, measured step when feeding, the same exquisite grace of outline, proportion and posture when standing erect and still, the same tilting motion of the body and lengthening & shortening the neck when alarmed or suspicious. Its flight also is essentially the same as that of its big relative but it is rather less swift and it loses the effect of momentum so conspicuous in wider time of the aerial evolution of the larger species. 62

Helodromas solitarius. 14 63

Rhacophilus solitarius. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1873. July 20. Saw one alight on the top of a stub fifteen feet high. Aug. 2. Found them abundant on the Megalloway and Andros- coggin a dozen often starting at once from the shore. As the steamer advanced driving them on before, the air became literally full of them. " " Extremely abundant on the Androscoggin and Megallo- way Rivers; sometimes upwards of a hundred would be seen in one mile. " 23. Shot one on Cambridge River about two miles above the dam. " " They are not nearly as abundant as they were in July. Sept. 3. They seem to have all gone; I saw the last August 30. " 8. Although this bird seems to have left Lake Umbagog, I found it numerous to-day around the shores of Richard- son Lake. " 18. Heard one to-day. " 22. Saw one on Cambridge River. 1874. July 24. Saw oen at Bryant's Pond. 1879. May 29. A single bird and one pair on B Meadows. The lat- ter I think were unquestionably mated, and may breed there; they were seen in the same place both going and returning. 1880. May 20. Literally in swarms on B Meadows. As we drove they kept collecting till as many as six or eight often sat together. In the still air their wings rustled audi- bly as they flew. Flight eccentric; when high in air they resemble Winson's Snipe, and like that bird, probe the mud when feeding. " 22. A few on B Meadows, but not nearly as many as were seen there on the 20th.

Helodromas solitarius. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1880. Sept. 2. Abundant along the river bank. They are the tamest waders I know. There were five to-day, scattered along the little creek a yard or two apart, and I flushed and killed them all one by one; they would almost allow me to catch them and the report of a gun fired within ten yards failed to even startle them. Rhyacophilus solitarius. 1880. Maine (Lake Umbagog). (Sep. 4) Numerous along the muddy banks of the Cambridge near its mouth. " 9. Near the entrance to Leonard's Pond one of those Sandpipers, feeding on the river bank, suddenly began a loud outcry and started off across the river closely pursued by a Pigeon Hawk. The Hawk gained rapidly and was about to seize its victim when the latter dropped, as if shot, into the water. The Hawk shooting past alighted on a stump on a bank beyond. The Sandpiper did not attempt to dive but swam quickly ashore and landing, stood crouching under an overhanging part of the bank. " 16. Three on the banks of Cambridge River. 1882. Oct. 8-22. One shot October 9. 1880. Sept. 12. Still numerous. They are delicate table birds the flesh tasting most like that of the Snipe.

Helodromas solitarius. Totanus solitarius Both occur in Me. I shot a young bird to-day at the mouth of Peabody's Brook. It was feeding on the mud in company with a Fringa alpinia and was very tame. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1888 Sept. 13 Two on a sand beach at C. Pond, the other on a mud bar in the river just below the pond. Both exceedingly tame allowing us to paddle within ten or fifteen yd. They had a teetering motion similar to that of Fringillidae but very much less pronounced & also less incessant. L. Umbagog, Maine. Phaeacophilus solitarius - July 20; Aug. 2, 23; Aug. 30; Sept. 4, 10, 18, 22 1873. Aug 18 27 - Sept. 1, 5 moderately - 8 1874 / May 29 1876 / May 29 May 26 22 - Sept. 2 3 - 7 do 12 15 / May 12 / Oct 9 Phaeacophilus solitarius - Oct. 10 - 12 - 13 - 22 1885. Phaeacophilus solitarius - Oct, 15 - 22 1886. 1887. Phaeacophilus Sept. 6 - 12 - 13 - 15 - 17 - 20 - 24 - 25 - 26 T. solitarius Sept. 9 - 11 - 13 - 14 - 17 - 22 - 23 - 24 1888 Sept 6 - 13 - 17 - 19 - 20 Oct. 9 1889 79 Totanus vol. Sept. 21 Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Oct. 9 - 10

Helodromas solitarius. Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Rhyscotthoideus obtusus Sept 21 (Asplenium) 25- Lake Umbagog. 1896. Totanus solitaris May 14 2 on floating drift wood, wooded area 15-17- Lake Umbagog, Maine. Rhyscotthoideus obtusus 1894 September 3 2 4 3 7 9 4 10 2 11 " 12 13 2 1 20 2 21 22 " 25 26 28 2 29 October 1- 1895. September 1 (Camb.R.) 3- 9- 10 3/ megat Rata) " 12- 17 megat Ru 24 and magy 25 boldtown 67

Helodromas solitarius. Lake Umbagog. 1896, May 14. (Not far from Peaslee's Brook) we saw two Solitary Sand- pipers, both on floating drift wood in coves on the wooded shores of the Lake. . . . . . .

Totanus solitarius. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1896. Solitary Sandpipers were unusually numerous to-day along Sept.15. the Megalloway. I must have seen more than twenty in all, most of them on the muddy shores of the river itself, but one or two about each of the small ponds that I visited in search of Ducks. They are by no means invariably "solitary" for one often finds two and occasionally three or four feeding or flying in company. They do not, however, appear to associate, unless by mere chance, with any of the other species of waders. American Wood Sandpipers they should have been called for they love these forest pools and rivers and, when startled, fre- quently fly directly back into the densest woods making their way through the branches with quite as much ease as does the Woodcock.

1897. Lake Umbagog. Hayward farm 22' (Watrous) may Totalius solitarius

Rhyacophilus solitarius 1900. September 6² 14³ 20' 21' 1904 September 17th. 19 creek in unknown Berland.

C. = Cambridge R. A = Andersonsppin R. m = Megeboway B. = Belmer's Pond L.H. = Near Bell House. Totanus solitarius 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 15(2) 17' 27' 28' 29' 31' September (1)(2) A. 4(2)(3) 6. 5-8(2) 7(4) 8' 15(megal. fut.) 17' 27(2).H. 28(3/2).30(C)(3) Octobn 2(2) Although this Sandpiper is perhaps as a rule "solitary" it is by no means uncommon to find two or three birds feeding or flying in company and over this autumn I observed four together. The bird does not ever associate, except by chance, with any other species. On the sand flats here it is often seen, of course, among a very small number & on the river borders with Actitis but when anything startles the feeding birds the Solitary Sandpiper invariably rises and flies off either alone or with their own kind. They do not feed much on the flats except at dawn & evening and at all times they are most common along the wooded banks of rivers or small ponds in the forest. American Wood Sandpiper should have been from the name of the species. 1897 September 6(2) 7(2) 10(2) 11(2) 15(2) Pond 25(2) 26(2) 29-30(2) 1898 September 11'

Symphemia semipalmata. 15 73

Symphemia semipalmata. Totamus semipalmatus. 1890. Maine (Lake Umbagog). Sept. 2. Mr. King tells me that Mr. Wormell of Bethel has a Willet that he killed at Umbagog a few years since.

Symphemia semipalmata inornata. 16 75

Pavoncella pugnax. 17 76

Baroncella pugnax. Machetes pugnox. 1874. Maine (Lak o Umbagog). Sept. 8. Near the mouth of Cambridge River a strange-looking bird passed me within about sixty yards, flying with slow, easy wing-flaps like a Hawk. I shot at it, and it went down on a long incline, falling dead. Upon picking it up, I found it to be a Ruff. Itx was per- fectly silent. It proved a female, in good flesh but literally alive with parasites. L. Umbagog, Maine. Machetes Sept. 8 shot 1874 On the Occurrence of Certain Birds in New England -- Wm Brewster. Philomachus pugnax Gr. Female. Killed at Upton, Ox- ford County, Maine, September 8th, 1874. It was shot while flying on the marshes at the mouth of Cambridge River. My at- tention was attracted to it by its peculiar hawk-like flight, which, provided it be a constant attendant of its motions, should at once distinguish it while on wing from any other Tringæ. I am aware that this species has already been given in Mr. G. A. Boardman's "List of the Birds of Calais, Me.," but Dr. Brewer informs me that none of the specimens therein referred to were taken within Maine limits. The only authentic N. E. quotation that I can at present recollect is the record of a Mass. specimen in "Am. Nat.," vol. vi, p. 306. The occurrence of the present individual so far inland is worthy of remark. Bull. N.O.C. I, April, 1876. p. 19-20.

Tryngites subruficollis.

Actitis macularia. 19 79

Actitis macularia - L. Umbagog, Maine. Fringoides macularis – Common. May 30–June 10, 1871. Fringoides macularius.– Aug. 2, 30 1873. Fringoides May 22 & Hot Sept 7 alw 15 mm. Fringoides macularis Oct. 18¹ Fringoides macularis Oct. 14 at Outlet 22½ 1884 Fringoides 2³ 4³ 6⁴ Sept. 1887. 1885 Fringoides Sept. 2½–10¼–19²–21³, Oct. 6¹ 1898 Fringoides Sept. 3²–6¹–7²–9²–13²–14³–16²–18¹–19²–21²–24¼–26¾ 1889 Oct. 2²–16½ 76 Fringoides mac. Oct. 19¹ Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Fringoides macularius Data occurring in Maine. I shot an immature bird on a rocky point near the mouth of Cambridge River. Lake Umbagog, Maine Oct. 14, 1883 Actitis macularia 1894 August 30 (6) Pin Point September 3¹ 5¹–12¹ " 13¹ pin. Megalobray Riv. 18¹ Rapid " 19¹ Pin Point Androscoggin R. 1895. August 30³ 3½ September 11 jun (Comb. R.), 4 Pin Pt., 9²–10 jun Riv. 13⁵ (Full shore) 17 jun Riv. 19 Androscoggin Riv. 24 do. 80

Tringoides macularius. Maino (Lake Umbagog). 1879. June 17. Set C-4. Slightly incubated. Nest on small rocky island near Lake House; sunk in the ground and prettily concealed under some drift wood. Female sitting; she glided away silently beneath the drift wood and then took wing. The male for sometime past has frequently soar- ed and hung over the spot. 1880. May 22. Shot one on Cambridge River midway between the dam and meadows. " 26. Nest with one egg on the island where I took a set last year. " 31. Set D-4. Fresh--on ground on small island within six feet of the spot where a set was taken last year; nest in deep hollow evidently scratched by the bird ; female sitting; she permitted me to approach within a few feet, then scuttled off spreading her wings, tumb- ling about on the ground, and even uttering a sort of harsh scream that I never heard before. June 9. Set E-4. Fresh--on ground under drooping branch of alder; female rose before we landed and flew off in si- lence. Same island where set D-4 was taken, and doubt- less the second laying by the same bird. Sept.7. A few still lingering about the lake shores, but they are far outnumbered by the Solitary Sandpipers " 15. In great abundance along the river to-day. Oct. 18. Shot one. Oct.

Actitis macularia. Lake Umbagog, New England. Nest /4 (2841), May 2I, 1896, coll.Wm.Brewster. Bird seen building & flushed from nest. Eggs fresh. Sargent farm (near Lake side). Nest hollowed May I4 (6 P.M.); finished, I egg, May15 (6 P.M.); taken, 3 eggs, May 20. Another egg & bird sitting May 2I. Nest in bank by roadside among ferns, grasses, etc., 30 yds.fr. Lake, & 20 yds.fr.W.Sargent's house. Bird rose at I0 to I5 yds.

Actitis macularia. Lake Umbagog, 1896. Actitis macularius P = Pin Point May 13 2 / 4 5 pairs, 16-16} near “ 19^2 nest begun } Ballside ,, 23^-P 24^P 25- (cavern northern) 27^16 ,, 28 ^2 29② P. June 1 ^3 2^± 3^± 4^3 5^± 6^± „ 9^2 16^3 12^2 May 14 Bird flushed from bank on, outside, 50 yds. from Bank. Hollow scratched in bank lined with 3 or 4 blades of dry grass: 6.30 P.M. “ 15. Nest at Sargents completed ^ containing 1 egg at 6 P.M. „ 20. Nest at Sargeants had 3 eggs. Eggs catkin. „ 21. Fourth egg found in empty nest from which bird fled. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1896. Actitis macularia May 14. At 6.30 P.M. flushed a bird from a sloping bank covered with grass & fern by roadside 30 yds. from Sargents house & 50 yds. fr. Lake shore. In bank 4 ft above road found hollows freshly dug & lined with 4 or 5 blades of dry grass. May 15 - 6 P.M. visited nest at Sargeants. No bird. Hollow filled with a completed nest - One egg about 2/3 covered with the dry grass which confused nest.

Actitis macularia. 1896, May 28. Lake Umbagog. Pine Point. Spotted Sandpipers are amazingly abundant all around the lake. Not a point nor an island but has at least one pair and they fly out of the bushes all along the shores as we approach, but we cannot find their nests. What becomes of them and their progeny in late summer and early autumn? 84

Acetis maculosa. S.P. = Bernardo's Pond. 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 11th 12⁻ 14⁻ 15⁻ 16⁻ 17⁺ 19⁻ 20⁻ 20⁻ 22③ 24 (all on small islands) 26⁻ 29² " 28ᵗʰ June S.P. S.P. 2⁻ 3⁻ 6⁻ 7⁻ 9¹ 1903. June 4' 5' 6' 7' " 9² " 11' " 12' 14' near Ballwin. " Great Island. Bethel Norway. Poplar Harn Lakeside & Upton

Actitis macularia L. = near Ballside L.H. = Ball House M. = Megalloway Point P. = Pine Point. 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 9² 10² 12² 14③ / 9² 20 &/ 24 do near lookout 25 L Pine 31 ③ near Ball House. September 1³ 9 L 10 P 14 P 15 M 22 P 24 P. 27 ½ H. 29 ½ H. It is difficult to understand what becomes of these birds during August & September. Our own very arrival here Aug. 9 th they have been much less numerous than were the breeding birds in May & June last. The bulk of the species must leave the Brooks region as soon as the young get along on wing. 1897 September P P P P P P 6 L 9 L 12 L 14 L 20 L 23 L 1898. August P P P P P P 23 L 24 L 27 L 28 ½ / 2, 31 L September P P P 1m below Passamaquoddy 3 L 9 L 14 L 20 L Camp, Upper Bay. 1900. September 3' 6' 10' 15' 19' 1907 August 5-⁴ 6² 9³ near Lookout. 86

Numenius hudsonicus. 20 87

L. Umbagog, Maine. Numenius hudsonieus. 1083

Numenius hudsonicus. 1888, September 18. Head of Lake, Lake Umbagog. To outlet at 8 A.M. Skillings, King and Hill were a-head of us but they passed a Curlew (N.hudsonicus) which stood on a mud flat. I fired both barrels at it and after flying 100 yds. it dropped dead on the further shore.

Numenius borealis.

Numenius borealis L. Umbagog, Maine. Num, boreal Sept. 11. 1880 - Saw one at mouth Cambridge R. & heard it whistle 1880. Numenius borealis. Maine (Lake Umbagog). Sept. 11. A Curlew on the muddy margin of the lower pond in the meadow. It made several short flights and uttered a note absolutely different from that of N. hudsonicus. This with its smaller size seemed to identify it satis- factorily.

Squatarola squatarola. 22 92

Sguatarola squatarola. Squatarola helvetica Lake Umbagog. On the marsh on the north side of the outlet I shot two Black breasted Ploum They were in company with a Fringilla maculata and two birds rose from the same place an oozy flat surrounded by grass. The Ploum were comparatively tame. Both were young birds. Squatarola helvetica Oct 17 1/2 jur shot (butte) 1886 Sept. Sguatarola 184jur 1883 Squatarola Sept. 6 & Oct. 19 heard in Yule Corn. at least two calling at once. 1889 Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Chorodrius helveticus Oct. 2 2 jur with Pectoral & Xanturis " 3 1 jur shot Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894 Squatarola helvetica September 9th hard / 12th 25 (flying with a Golden Plour) October 2⑤ 93

Squatarola squatarola. ✓ Squatarola helvetica Lake Umbagog. 1883 On the marsh on the north side of the outlet I shot two Black breasted Plovers. They were in company with a Tringa maculata and two birds rose from the same place an oozy flat surrounded by grass. The Plovers were comparatively tame. Both were young birds. L. Umbagog, Maine. Squatarola helvetica Oct 17 / june shot (butted) / 1886 Sept. Squatarola 18'4"/june 1888 Squatarola Sept. 6 1/2 - Oct. 19 heard in Yelm Corn 1889 at least two calling at once. Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Charadrius helveticus Oct. 2 2 june with Pectoral & Hummingbirds " 3 / june shot Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894 Squatarola helvetica September 9th and 12th 25' (flying with a Golden Plover) October 2 (5)

Charadrius helveticus 1896 Lake Umbagog. September 14 first - 15 (caenae) 1898 August 25-knee 1900. September 6' head near Grille.

Charadrius squatorola. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1394. Soon after breakfast Will discovered a solitary bird Sept. 14. standing on an isolated rock off the point to the south of our cove. I could not make it out through the glass so we launch- ed a boat and paddled out to it. It proved to be a Black- bellied Plover, a young bird. It kept running about on its limited domain and appeared to be feeding. It took no appar- ent notice of our approach and when we were within about thir- ty yards I shot it.

Charadrius helveticus. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1896. The (Black-bellied) Plover(which I saw across the Lake Sept. 14. on the marshes and flats), although a young bird, was exceedingly wild and restless, coursing over the whole marsh region, frequently alighting, but never remaining on the flats for more than a minute or two at a time. Sometimes he would go off high in the air towards the South until lost to sight and hearing, but in a few minutes he would return and again pitch down to the flats. Noticing that he paid frequent visits to the extreme point of land at the Outlet, I ran the canoe into a creek there and waited. Presently he came over me very high and flying very swiftly, but a charge of #4 shot brought him down.

Charadrius virginicus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1873. Sept. 1. Saw one near the mouth of Cambridge River. 1880. Sept. 2. One passing high overhead whistling plaintively. I called it when it descended with half-closed wings and dashed swiftly passed the boat. " 7. One wandering over the mud-flats and marshes at the mouth of the Cambridge uttering its plaintive rolling whistle, and finally passing out over the woods without alighting. " 14. Four, all adults, on the bar at the mouth of the River. They ran about exactly like the smaller spe- cies but their movements were much more rapid. They had the same Robin-like manner of making short runs, stooping for a moment to pick up a morsel of food, then standing erect and statuesque for a moment before start- ing on the next run. When they faced us the black patches beneath were very conspicuous. I killed all four of them. " 15. Eleven, all adults, feeding on the bar at the mouth of the Cambridge. They were very tame, I killed three of them. O 1882. Oct.6-22 I distinctly heard one on October 17. 1880. Sept.16. Four, all adults, feeding on a bar at the Ou lot. They were very tame.

Charadrius dominicus. 98

Charadrius dominicus. L. Umbagog, Maine. Charadrius 1850 Sept 2^l_ 7^l_ 9^l_ 14^(4 ad) ^st- 15^(W) ^st- 16 1852 / Oct. 17^l_ Charadrius virginicus Oct. 26 ^st whistling. 1863 1887. Charadrius vi Sept 3^(heard)_ 24^(heard)_ 29 (25 juv) Sept. ] Charadrius 18 1888 Charadrius 1889 Sept. 20^l_ 21^l_ 22^l_ 24^l_ 71 Charadrius vi Oct. 6 ^st - 11^(third) Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Charadrius virginicus Oct. 4 heard at 12 m.

Charadrius dominicus. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Charadrius dominicus 1894 September 9 several 10 (4 jun) / 12 had 25 -¹ flying with head - a Battle-like " 12 (6 jun) October) 1895. September 12 (6 jun) October 18 -¹ Sept. 12. The ordinary flight note of this Plover is a squeaking whistle, rather unpleasantly to my ear & wholly unlike the sweet and melodious call of the Black-bellied Plover. On day I heard another note from this breast - flying about on the meadow. It was young birds flying about on the meadow. It was a low very melodious rolling whistle of two or three notes! The flight of the Golden Plover compares as far more than that of any bird except the Peregrine.

Charadrius dominicus. 1887, September 29. Lake Umbagog. On the extremity of Moose Point, now an extensive flat of oozy, treacherous mud, we found nine Golden Plover. They were scattered about feeding and seemed perfectly indifferent to our approach. I got two together and killed both at a shot, The others flew across to the Outlet where they pitched down. Follow- them we found that they had joined a larger flock which kept ris- ing and alighting and finally mounted high in air and flew out of sight towards Errol. A single bird remained on the flats and this I shot. ..... On this flat (a large oozy flat at the outlet) were also the Plover, about twenty-five or thirty in number. They must have returned while we were eating lunch. We paddled within short gun-range but although they were all about us for five or ten minutes I did not once succeed in getting two together. Fi- nally I shot one sitting and another as it flew. The survivors mounted high in air and again departed, this time for good. A Pectoral Sandpiper went off with them . 1888, September 1. Lakeside. At daybreak this morning I heard Golden Plover whistling. They were evidently flying about and they must have passed near the house several times. 1890, October 6. Lake Umbagog. Near the Outlet of Lake. I shot the Plover . . as it sat on the top of a stump.

Charadrius dominicus. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894. Four Golden Plover (at the Outlet), all young birds as Sept.10. I could plainly see through my glass, kept flying about, now high, now low, whistling. One separated from the others and alighted but he soon started again and during the entire fore- noon was almost constantly in sight or hearing. I shot at him twice as he passed high overhead. He seemed to be ex- cessively wild and restless.

Charadrius dominicus. 1895, September 12. Lake Umbagog. Outlet marshes. I saw . . a flock of six Golden Plover which coursed back and forth across the wide marshes often setting their wings, but never once alighting and six Grass Birds which kept the Plover company at times.

Charadrius dominicus 1896 Lake Umbagog. September 7 | 1st shot. ' bird from 10' || The Golden Plover is, I think, the swiftest flyer of all our waders and I am sometimes inclined to believe that it could, if it wished, outstrip any of the Ducks. Its long pointed wings move rapidly yet with an ease and smoothness that evidences flight effort on the part of their owner. They are raised higher and cut deeper at each stroke than do the wings of wet birds. The general effect of the flight suggests not only speed but great momentum. The bird in the air looks more like a Passenger Pigeon. Its ordinary flight call is a shrill, squeaking whistle of two syllables. It is much less musical than the calls of wet waders and not to be compared in this respect with the exquisitely plaintive whistle of the Black-breasted Plover. On the afternoon of the 7th a Golden Plover flying about one the lake, flew down at a night-heron bushship close past it and evidently frightening it badly. 1897 September ♂ (calling) ♂ shot at. ♀, through 116 ft. ♂ shot part.) 10 running. 20 N.S. shore. 1898 August Moose Point September 22⊕ moon, 23⊕ 24 wet 104

Oxyechus vociferus. 24 105

Aegialitis vocifera. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894. Oct.2 We were returning down the river when I heard the cry of a Killdeer Plover, a bird new to my Umbagog list. It appeared presently, flying high in company with six Pectorals, and fi- nally alighted on an open mud flat where it began running a- bout feeding. I tried to stalk it but when I was still sixty yards away it rose and flew across the river making a great outcry. We followed but could not get near it and it finally disappeared in the distance towards the foot of the Lake. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Aegialitis vocifera 1894 October 2.. One at Outlet, very noisy and restless and noisy, flying about calling loudly & continuously, alighting several times on the mud flats. I got within about 50 yds. at one time & saw the bird's characteristic marking distinctly. It joined a flock of six Pectorals & for a brief time flew with, but finally separated from them. It is the first Killdeer I have seen here at Umbagog & it was a treat to see Mr. Gage who was with me today.

Aegialitis semipalmata. 23 107

Aegialitis semipalmata. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1873, July 19. Five on the marshes in company with Peeps. 1874. Aug. 8. A flock passed over the meadows and failing to find a resting place passed out to the south over Upton Hill. 1880. Sept. 4. Two on a mud bar at the mouth of the Cambridge. " 5. Five feeding on the bar at the mouth of the Cam- bridge; their motions are very graceful, and resemble those of the Robin. " A number feeding in company with "Peeps", on a mud flat in Sargent's Cove. " 14. Great numbers of Peeps & Piping - walks Large numbers on the bar at the mouth of the River. " 15. Peeps (commonly Brant) / Y Rng - walks in great alternation to-day. Large numbers in company with "Peeps" feeding on the bar at the mouth of the Cambridge River. " 18. A flock on the bar at the mouth of the Cambridge River, in company with Ereunotos.

Aëgialitis semipalmata Lumbagoe Maine. Aëgialitis semipalmata.- July 19, 31 1873. Aëgialitis Aug. 8 - 29 Sept. 1 - 9 - 1874 / 1880 Sept. 4-5-14-15-18th Aëgialitis sem. 16²- 20⁵ Sept. 1887. Sept. Aëgialitis sem. 2⁵-18² 1889 Aëgialitis sem. Sept. 6ᵈ - 7ᵈ - 9ᵈ - 21ᵈ 72 Aeg. semipal. Oct. 9 Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894 Aëgialitis semipalmata September 21 Seen heard in arriving twilight } " 23 Kished by the Outlets gunners marshes " 25ᵈ - with 2 young birds

Aegialitis semipalmata. 1889, Lake Umbagog. September 9. Sargent's Cove. In the latter (Sargent's Cove) found three Ring-necked Plover feeding on a mud flat. They were absurdly tame, allowing us to row within twenty feet or less, feeding busily the while and apparently paying no attention whatever to our presence.

Aegialitis semipalmata. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Moose Point at evening. 1900. Sept.10. As the daylight faded two Ring-necked Plover came close about me, uttering their plaintive, wailing airs. Earlier in the day we saw them running about on the Point in company with a Least Sandpiper and I got a good photograph of the trio. The marshes are now in fine condition for waders.

Aegialitis semipalmata 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 31^2 On bands Camps. Reis. just below dam at Rock H. September 2^1 3^1 5^2 7^4 8^2 Outer marshes, 27^4 28^1 29 (2 pm) 30^4 October 2^2 pm 3^2 Call note the very soft & mellow. 1897 September 7^3 pm 1900. September 10^2 1909 June 2 2^1 on shore of [illegible] marshes near lake there

Aegialitis meloda. 113

Arenaria interpret. 27

Arenaria interpres. L. Umbagog, Maine. Strepsilas 1880 one shot at mouth of Sept. 2 Cambridge R. by Mr. King & gun shot by M.R. Strepsilas interpres. 1880. Maine (Lake Umbagog). Sept. 2. Saw one which was shot to-day near the Outlet by Mr. King. " 3. Shot a young female on the bar at the mouth of the Cambridge where it was feeding alone but within a hundred yards of some Aegialitis semipalmata. 115

Stephides nitidus 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 27 2 pair shot (Pine Point). " 27. Two flying about Pine Point uttering a short, rolling whistle and alighting on the rocky shore. I shot both & fanned them to be young birds.

Arenaria interpres. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1896. As we were paddling out of our cove this afternoon two Aug.27. Turnstones, the first I have seen here for many years, came flying past me from behind and alighted near the end of Pine Point where they ran about over the rocks on the water's edge. They started again just as I got within gun range. Following I shot them both (fuller account in Journal). Both proved to be young birds. They uttered a short, rolling, throaty whistle as they flew.

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