Diary, 1910, of trip with George and Samuel Mixter to Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Montana, North Dakota and Washington

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Birds collected in British Columbia E. A. Preble 1910-1915 Orig. No. Sex Name Locality Date 1934 ♂ Tachycineta thalassima Telegraph Creek July 19, 1910 1935 " Empidonax " " " 1936 ♀ Planesticus " " " 1937 ♂ Hylocichla " " 20, " 1938 " Junco " " " 1939 " Vireosylva g. " " " 1940 ♀ Oporornis " " " 1941 ♂ Dendroica " " (near) 1942 ♀ Canachites " 24, " 1943 " " (Buckley Lake Cr.) 1944 ♂ Hylocichla aliciae " " 25, " 1945 ♀ " u. swainsoni " " " 1946 ♀ Pinicola " " " 1947 ♂ " " " " 1948 ♀ Melospiza " " 26, " 1949 " Picoides Second South Fork " 27, " 1950 ♂ im. Dendroica " " " 1951 ♀ Bonasa " " 28, " 1952 - Empidonax " " " 1953 ♂ Oporornis " " " 1954 " Junco " " " 1955 - im. " " " " 1956 - Spizella m. ochracea Mts. near head Iskut R. " 30, " 1957 ♂ Otocoris " " " 1958 ♀ Lagopus l. " " " 1959 ♂ " " " " 1960 ♀ Clangula " " " 1961 " " " " " 1962 ♂ im. Canachites Klappan R. (30 mi. from Aug. 3, mouth) 1963 ♀ " " " " " 1964 ♂ Perisoreus " " " (3) 1965 " Spizella p. arizonae " " " (5) 1966 ♀ Dendragapus Tsetee-yeh River " 5 " (5) 1967 " Canachites Klappan River (Klappan Flats near Klappan Mt.) " 8 " (8) 1968 ♂ Lagopus lagopus " " " " 1969 ♀ " " " " " 1970 " " " " " 1971 - Heteractitis " " " " 1972 ♂ Canachites " " 10, " (10) 1973 ♀ Zonotrichia coronata " " " " -1-

Orig. No. Sex Name Locality Date 1974 - Zonotrichia coronata Ispatseezeh River Aug. 12, 1910 (12 1975 ♂ Lagopus lagopus " " " " 1976 " " " " " " 1977 " " " " " " 1978 ♀ " " " (near head) " 13, " (13 1979 im. " " " " " " 1980 ♀ " " Tue-tan Lake, near head Tsa-Ka-Dzoo River " 15, " (15 1981 " Canachites " " " " 20, " (20 1982 - Otocoris Mts. near head ChapaÂton " " " " 1983 ad.♂ Anthus " " " " " " 1984 ♂ Lagopus r. " " " " " " 1985 " " " " " " 1986 " " " " " " 1987 " " " " " " 1988 ♀ " " " " " " 1989 - " leucurus " " " " 1990 - " " " " " " 1991 - " lagopus " " " " 1992 ♀ " " " " " " 1993 " " " " " " 1994 ♂ Zonotrichia leucophrys Trib. of Finlay River, 20 mi.W. Thudade Lake " 22, " 1995 - " " " " " " 1996 - Bartramia " " " " 23, 1997 - Falco Thudade Lake " " " " 29, 1998 - Passerella " " " " 31, 1998-a ♂ Canachites " " Sep. 1, " 1999 - Passerculus " " " " " " 2000 ♀ Ixoreus " " " " " " 2001 - Penthestes hud. Head of Ingenika River " " " " 4, 2002 - Perisoreus " " " " " " 2003 - Lagopus " (Mts. near) " " " " 6, 2004 - " " " " " " 2005 - " " " " " " 2006 ♀ " " " " " " 2007 " " " " " " 2008 ad. " " " " " " 2009 ♂ Bonasa Ingenika R. above S. Fork " " " " 16, 2010 " " " " " " 2011 ♀ Canachites " " " " " " 2012 ♂ " " near S. Fork " " " " 17, 2013 ♀ " " " " " " 2014 " " Lower Ingenika River " " " " 20, 2015 ♂ Bonasa " " " " " " 2016 " " - 1-1/4 lbs. " " " " - 1-1/2# 21, 2017 " Canachites " " " " " " 2018 ad.♀ " " " " " " 2019 - Dryobates Fort Grahame " " " " 24, 2020 - Picoides arcticus " " " " " " 2021 - " am. " " " " " " 2022 - Perisoreus " " " " " " 2023 - " " " " " " 2024 - Junco " " " " " " 2025 - Planesticus " " " " " "

Orig. No. Sex Name 2026 ♂ Bonasa 2027 " " 2028 " " 2029 " " 2030 " Canachites 2031 " Bonasa 2032 ♀ Pedioecetes 2033 " " 2034 " Bonasa 2035 ♀ Locality Finlay R.,near Fort Grahame " Upper Peace R.,near Mt.Selwyn Fort Hudson - Hope " " " " " Date Sep. 29,1910 " " Oct. 1, " " 4, " " 7, " " 9, " " 10, "

1910 Saturday May 28. Arrived at Buford , N. Dakota, about 7.30 and found Mr N. E. Anthony at the St Elmo Hotel. During the forenoon we made a trip over the hills to the N.E. of the town and made a search for Muerota and set some traps at the most likely looking holes. In the afternoon we went down to the river flats, where there is a broad wooded area between the Prairie and the river. The Principal trees are Elm and basswlder with a little ashy, Broad Leaved Caltmood, and a rather insuperant And in some places very dense undergrowth. 2 willows Rose, Crataegus, Symphoricarpos Cornus stolonifera. Sipyryraea argentea. We found Tepes americana to be fairly abundant within

Tuesday May 28 Tangled and saw three, but did not succeed in getting any, though Anthony already has taken one. We also saw one cottontail & the wind blew furiously all day. Sunday May 30: Anthony visited the traps but failed to no microtus. In the afternoon we walked west to Mondale and exam- ined the site of old Fort Union. It stood on the north bank of the Missouri 205 miles above the mouth of the Yellowstone, and the state line as now marked runs through the site of the Post, though most of the rums, now consisting only of the remains of cellars, a few ruins of fireplaces, and the mere outlines of buildings, lie mostly east of the line, and therefore in North Dakota. Afterward day Monday May 30 Buford We made a trip to the river flats but did not succeed in seeing a rabbit. Anthony shot a Lepus campe- stris on the hills. Mr. I town we saw a number of birds, not before detected and took a chat and a blackheaded grosbeak. The day was quite warm with practically no wind Tuesday May 31 Buford Packed up all specimens and finished up all work preparatory to leaving for Cullbertson

Thursday June 1. Buford to Johnson. We left Buford at 7.15 for Culbertson, where we engaged a man to drive us out to Johnson Lake about 18 miles to the North. We arrived there shortly before noon, and arranged 4 traps at a ranch about a mile and a half S.W. of the lake. We are on a small creek called Stand Creek which flows into Muddy Creek which forms the eastern boundary of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation. In the afternoon we put out a line of traps and shook four birds. Took a few specimens of Merotia. A wild mallard has mated with a tame duck which the rancher calls an "English Gray Call" said to be used as a decoy. The male bird stays about the small creek which flows past the ranch and has become nearly as tame as the duck, and will stand unconcernedly while we walk past within a few feet. We found a nest of the Brewer Blackbird on the ground on a steep bank with 4 eggs. A Robin has young just from the nest. Nests of yellow warbler are just begun. Thursday June 2. Johnson Lake. Shots surviving when we awoke and it continued off and on all day sometimes heavily. We took quite a catch of Merotia, Peromyscus & Zapus, and more than 10 in the afternoon. We also shot a few birds. It was very cold and disagreeable all day.

Thursday June 3. Johnson Lake On account of the stormy night we did not take much in the Traps In the afternoon we ranged round after birds. We visited a slough a mile or two to the N W of the ranch and took a number of species. not before collected, storing many others. Small birds were very abundant along the brushy coulees. Saturday June 4. Fort. only a few mammals and a number of birds and finished up all our specimens Saw a western Painted turtle (Emys geographicus) in a small pond near the ranch. Sunday June 5 Fort a number of mammals and found some plants. Blos Took some photos. Found nest of Mockingbird with 2 young about 1 day old, and nest of Clay colored Sparrow 4 eggs Monday June 6. Took nothing in consequence in our Traps. In the forenoon went out to Johnson Lake and shot a few birds. Found a nest of Marsh Hawk in the rushes. It contained 5 young, favoured eyes, and 1 egg. Saw a Leconte Sparrow Took a pair of Avoitte. In the afternoon we went NW to a marsh and got a few birds Anthony shot a Yellow Sparrow here and a rail. Tuesday June 7. Forts only a small catch including Brown Baychomp and Cangrath. Anthony shot a number of birds which we desire. Our day was warm and a restless thunder storm came up in the afternoon but little rain fell.

Wednesday June 6. To Culbertson We left Johnson Lake (Wheatland) In the morning and drove in to Culbertson, where we put up for the day. In the afternoon we took a walk west and south of the town to make observations. We saw a good many birds elsewhere listed. The Missouri River valley here is precisely similar to those about Buffalo, N.Dak., except that the heavy timber is here mainly across the river South of Culbertson, across the Missouri; The Country is seen to be very much broken Badland in char- acter. I made reports on the Johnson Lake Country, and attended to other business. Wrote a bird report in Culbertson. Thursday June 9. Poplar Left Culbertson on the morning train and stopped off at Poplar Anthony going out to Glasgow to get located for Collecting For a tramp about Poplar falling up the Poplar River for several miles. The Country along the Missouri obtained in the valley of the Poplar for probably 10 miles the semi- flats being sparsely wooded and grown up to the usual undergrowth, while bordering the valley on each side lie the slightly rolling Prairies, grassed and with a little sage- brush, and many herbaceous Plants, a number of which Mr. collected. Lepidopyrum argenteum has young fruit.

Friday June 10. To Glasgow Forty the morning Grant & Glasgow. When I arrived want from Henry Anthony very nicely located at the ranch Fred Wilson, a mile or so south west of Town on Cherry Creek. In the afternoon we set traps and hunted Josh a bob (Euphieus) and a Coor- well. In the early evening Saturday June 11. To Davenport Rauch near Canadian Line. We left Glasgow about 5 o'clock & drove toward Mantan or recently. We went slightly E. of North to Porcupine Creek and had dinner at the ranch of a man named Cooper. The Valley of the Porcupine is still involved with bay elder and willows, with sage cornered folds bordering it. Beyond the river we went nearly due north on the road 365 Road Crossing Two branches of the Porcupine These are Bullers. Then we crossed a high plateau and descended to the valley of Rimwood Creek a branch of the Poplars. The high plateaus are practically devoid of shrubs or any plants, now a flower. Beyond the Poplar a little Rosa and Symphoricarpos was seen and at Davenport's sand where we stopped some Potentilla fruticosa we went coming into flowers

Wednesday June 12. To east of Wood Mt. the Capt. Darenports rancherly and took the road northward toward Wood Mt. about seven miles from the ranch. We passed a point where we saw some Arches and a furnather's cotter Brick. At this point we crossed the Canadian line Northward We crossed successively around 1 and 5 and 20 Mani Poplar Rivers, and crossed pinne highs almost level plateaus. well grazed and with roses, Potentilla fruticosa symphonicarpo. Meridies serulata. finally we began to find the ranches with some hazelbush cherries etc. going in them and descending we found a pine grove of fair sized aspens with a few ash We descended to the ranch of Mr. Knoll situated on the border of a broad groovy valley through which a branch of the poplar, coming from the west, flows. Here we found out that we were about 20 miles, East of Wood Mountain, having moved the fork of the road which led off many trails took. We had dinner here and then went northward toward Wood Mt. East. about 7 miles west we passed the ranch Charles Frank, and as it was nearly 6 o'clock we concluded to stop for the night. Near a big spring came sit on the hillside, about it on a steech northern slope grows a thicket Prunus, Symphonicarpo, Crataegus, Juniperus sabina, Elaeagnus argentia. Potentilla, with a thick undergrowth of herbaceous plants and ferns, which were collected. On the hills grow the usual plants. Amelanchier, Ribes, Rubus strigosus and the Iris segis are not uncommon. Meridies serulata was a flower Potentilla is abundant one. The High Plains everywhere.

Monday June 13. To Davenport Ranch We made an early start and followed the road westward towards the Wood Mt Post. Several miles interven between the wooded Darwin born of Knolls and the larger patches of Wood Mt Proper we reached the post shortly before eleven and reported to Corporal King. He gave me a pass out of the country of King Gings and a substantial lunch as he said we should pass no ranches on our way back. Near the Post are quite extensive patches of Poplar with the usual undergrowth, but within 15 minutes we had ascended to the summit of the plateau and lost sight of the timber by sundown near the head of a creek below the summit. Head west for about 10 miles over a fairly level elevated country and then began to descend in a S.E. direction to strike the road we had followed. We reached This about Hoelch and after falling it about 5 mile - 6 miles I reached the stale line, which horizon is unmarked as far as I could see. A current shaped lake about 4½ by a mile long lies here east and west. There a few mallards near Treedry, as well as melets, Khalarohe etc. During the day I collected a number of plants from the Plateau. Corporal King tells me that a few whitetail deer occur about Wood Mountain and that toward the west are a few black tails, and some antelope. I saw several burn skulls but no good ones. Heard toads Bufo leutigmosus woodhousei sing in the creek

Tuesday June 14, 1910. Darrapots Ranch to Glasgow We left Darrapots in good time and followed the road both bound Glasgow. M made good time Machig Coopers Ranch before Noon, Had dinner here and then kept on and arrived at Glasgow between 5 and 6. Foot a shrub in the valley Cherry Creek a few miles, North of town. Found mail telling me that the British Columbia trip is arranged for so I shall have to leave in a few days for Seattle and Vancouver. Found Anthony had made quite a good Collection there, but had been able to trap very few mammals. Mrs taken Erythragus, however. Found nest of birds with two eggs. Glasgow- Wednesday June 15. Foot a few birds and worked on Reports of Mad Mountain country. Thursday June 16 Glasgow Worked on Report and overhauled my outfit. Friday June 17 Glasgow Foot a few birds and Anthony took traps in his trap and some birds. Saturday June 18. Glasgow Went out after birds in morning going some distance up the river. Observed several we have not noted before. Saw Yellow robber nest with eggs and one of combird. Also found nests of Dumpy Woodpecker (guy), Flicker (gap), Wood Pewee, many other

18 Sunday June 19. Glasgow An extremely hot day. Did not do much collecting Monday June 20 Glasgow. Another scorcher. Anything worried about not hearing from Office regarding B.L.c. Trip. Tuesday June 21 Glasgow Windy and cooler Still no word about details of trip. Wednesday June 22. Glasgow. Got instructions to go to Vancouver via Seattle. Rick also letter from Bailey. Packed up all our specimens and closed up work at Glasgow preparatory to leaving in the morning 19 Thursday June 23. From Sam in firm for Vancouver raw leather. Besides the sum it gets Mrs put before dad. Friday June 24. To Seattle. Reached Seattle in evening, but I stilb new the station. Saturday June 25. Got mail & telegram at P.O. Purchased supplies and left. Seattle for Vancouver about noon. Reached Vancouver about 7. Put up at Vancouver Hotel where Musters mrs to meet me. They hon not get around Sunday June 26. Put in this day as but I Cried. The Muster brothers (George, M. and Samuel Muster) arrived in night from. From This plans indifinite. Monday June 27. Called on Game warden A. Myron Williams and arranged to got permits and letter to Gene Wades Tuesday June 28. Went over to Victoria to outfit and make fuel arrangements. Arrived there in mid afternoon. Called on

20 For H. J. Robertson, Provincial Mineralogist J. Kermode. Wednesday Jun 29 Victoria Had a long talk with Mr. J. Thomason, Manager of Mt. Biscoe, and made some arrangements. There are Many conflicting reports that we hardly know when to go. The region N.S. & Naplata is said to be a very poor game country and there are hardly any sheep in the Cabinet range. That we will go to Telegraph Creek and work southeastward, perhaps to Edmonton. Thursday Jun 30 Victoria (We) bought supplies, tents, bags, etc. and provisions, also films and many other odds and ends. Friday July 1. Victoria Dommm day, and nothing doing. Stayed at Victoria until evening and then took Escharmer for Vancouver. Harry brought tickets for James Roberts and Wrayfield Robertson. Robertson tells me that there are sheep on Mtty. 10 or 12 miles south of Peace River, west of the Big Canyon. 21 Saturday July 3. Vancouver Finished arrangements with William Thompson. He tells me that there are plenty of Sheep in the Lillooet Mtts., and that they are practically identical with the animals of the southern Cascades or S. B.C., but are different from, though closest to the Rocky Mts. sheep. The Miners got little credit with the N.T.A. Co. We got aboard the Steamer Orcaion May, in the morning and she left about 11 o'clock or a little later. Sunday July 3. Inside Passage Steened all day up the Inside Passage. There seem more snow on the Mt. tops than there ought to be at this time of year. Dec 7 for Carbon Nov. 1958 2. L. Dolan's West Side Vines Luce, look for shales, sandstone and and quartzite, light gray rock from distinct mounds. blue and shales lighter belly white non graph that thoroughly stratified

22 To Prince Rupert Thursday, July 4. Reached Prince Rupert in the afternoon and Boarded steamer evening. Was stopped for a half hour or so at Port Essington. Prince Rupert is apparently on an island. No attempt has been made to level the ground which is very rough and uneven. The railroad cleaves the right bank of the Skeena as follows: the shore to Prince Rupert. Friday, July 5. To Wrangell We arrived at Wrangell about 2:30 in the P.M. Got acquainted with Mr. Bronson, the Customs Collector, and Mr. St. Matthew who is acquainted with the Yukon and Nome, Prince Country. Made partial arrangements to charter a small launch to go to Telegraph Creek. 23 Wednesday, July 6. Made final arrangements to go to Telegraph Creek and expect to start tomorrow forenoon. But at the time writing letters and making arrangements of various kinds Thursday July 7. Stikine River did not get away until nearly noon. Got into the river on the high tide and had dinner 4 or 5 miles up. At our camp the bank was low of alluvial sandy clay. The trees were spruce and balsam poplar, with a dense undergrowth of alder, Devil's club, a large-leaved redbud, Cornus white-flowered dogwood, willow, Iguanodon, wild rhubarb, a white-flowered Elder. The hills from much snow on these summits which are Hudsonian. Their sides are well provided for the most part, but many large areas are brushy only. About 15 miles from the mouth we passed Popoff Flats on the left and encamped just above.

24 Dirt Glacier Friday July 6 To Dirt Glacier We made an early start and had Little trouble with the zapme. We reached The Boundary about 9.30 Stopped about an hour and then went on, about 1/2 miles from the Boundary is the Big Glacier. Its face is close to it and at least 700 meters long and extends back in a narrow valley a long distance how far I cannot see as it turns ruled by fog. The mountains are higher and with snow. Saturday July 9 To Barley Cache Glacier Rained all night and we made an early start - still in rain. Forward from it cleared somewhat. At our noon camp made a small collection of plants. Shortly above we entered a stretch of steeply sloped islands. Saw maple here and many blue folioed fir! - The other trees the same. The current- was very strong all day. Found being we passed the so called "Barley Cache" falls Elevating a very muddy one on the right. We camped rather late on the right. 25 Sunday July 10 To Great Canon We made a later start than usual but made a very good day. Camping above the Big Canon. Just below the Chirim Grass many bushes and some maple became common. See also Celiminarien, Rosa and other new plants Rubus Striposus. Many times at the Camps. The Salacau (plant) from the dominant forest on the lower blanks. The trees long Viny Large yellow sedum? common on rocks. Agerranum-like Cleared plant common.

Monday July 12 To near Bloodman Canyon When car tried to start we found there was something wrong with the shaft clutch, and found a casting broken. Spent a good part of the day fiddling with it and got them work on. Just before camping time at Troke down again and the boat was carried against a punkin stub and a hole broken in her. We huddled every thing ashore and reached the boat for Orphan Euphrypria cadadenum, and Arachne sting skin. Observed today. The Former Common is called Dog Berries by the Indians (Saw Nibburun Janaiform in front (small & green). The fruit faint seen. Friday July 12r Near Bloodman Canyon Remained in camp nearly all day, working on the engine. The rain was nearly continuous. Saw Lupinus at camp. About 6 we got the engine fixed and started on. We had made only a short distance when we broke down again we replaced the broken part with an improvised part, and after going a short distance camped just before dark. Saw Rubus (long white flowers) at Camp also Lupinus. Euphyppra Sedum, Ponio, and 2 second undergrowth. Wednesday July 13 To near Clearwater We made a good start and made fair progress against a very strong current in passed through the Bloodman Canyon and a few miles above there. Grant Mule, group up the western channel just above Bloodman Canyon we saw ashore for the first time and a short distance above they become common. We past. Kirk's ashore at the left (east). bank about 3:30 and look across, a man named Conover, who lived just above in the opposite side. Conover

had been captured about 10 days ago and had succeeded in swimming ashore, but lost his canoe. It had been it in a side Channel a couple miles below. The Clearwater a short - sized stream comes in about 3 miles above Klickitat from the west. Abundant Red Roses were in bloom. Lepidrysaceae was ripening, and Oligonamus argenteus (in plainest) was abundant. Conover had potatoes, lettuce and radishes the two last ripe in his garden. We camped on the left bank (green) Red-barked elder and Red Ash seem to have been left behind near the Klackman Canyon Thursday July 14. To Telegraph Creek The morning was rainy. We made very good progress against a very strong current. We have now entered a different kind of country. The river is a loose easily winding one, with many over shots. The banks are clothed with many stretches of cut banks. I gave loppe with mixed pine and Tephar about noon we passed a small stream on our right at the mouth of which were many stages for drying salmon. We had to line up this riffle as well as a previous one. Opposite the salmon stages we saw a black bear on a popular Crown ridge. We reached Gouverneur about noon and had dinner there. But our family was not there. Byrd so encountered a very strong current As we approached Telegraph Creek we passed a stretch of some terraces exceptionally well marked and regular. These were started back.

30 many one above ansite perfectly ermtopped and clothed with young asheus. Above him the river narrowed and at rally assumed a canyon like character with a very swift current. We broke down again in a rippel boat patched the shaft oh and finally reached Telegraph Creek in the evening Monday July 17 Telegraph Creek Started arrangements for our trip. Write letters home and to Yffire Set out a good crew of troops up Telegraph Creek Saturday July 16 Telegraph Creek Fork a good catch of Permyoces out Nuerotis X1 Heronnes. Set Drop for Woodrats up the Canyon 31 Sunday, July 17 Telegraph Creek Fork some small mammals and 2 workboats. Observe the following Plants Pinus Jmperius populoaum Selena Populus trina Salix balsamifera Bitula Alnus Ranunculus 1 cull Selena ? sp. ?(cull) Suxifraga tricuandata Rubus call Rubus strigosa Hysqarea Rosa Con a full form Amelanchier, fruit riping Prunus some fruit Lepargyrea canad fruit ripe Chamaenerion Cypola seconda (Ardisiophylo Vaccinium Afronyum androanephri Thurienia

Monday July 18 Telegraph Creek Join a few small specimens and meet them at Spirit Bush day out, outfit and making arrangements for the next train Tuesday July 19 Telegraph Creek Shot a few birds and put them up and worked about arrangements. Wednesday July 20 Telegraph Creek Look some birds including kernel not before seen. In the evening made a trip to a pond a couple miles. Each visited Sawmill pond. About it were many frogs if a kind new to me. I collected 2 good-sized ones. In the pond were many leeches and small insects some of which we collected. Thursday July 21 Telegraph Creek Made final arrangements to start tomorrow. Did my tricks and closed up all equipment. Got the horses across the river Friday July 22 To 3 miles Southeast We took our stuff across in a large Canoe shortly. Horses had wandered and there was some delay in catching them. We had dinner and got away about 3:15. We made the first Camping place about 5 miles out and had to stop there as there was no other place for a long way. We ascended about 500 feet in this distance, and at our campfire, Still in Canadian Zone as at Telegraph Creek. I saw my new plants of Consequence Rubus crinitus was common as soon as we got out of the paddy. I point to the open in flowers of the thistles. At our camp, the ash poplars are common, the aspen more so. The pines have apparently been left behind. Lepidoptera here still seen at camp. Sheep used to be found on a out close to our camp 10 miles from Telegraph Creek. Dan Bimm tells me that the Tukumi triple at his cache 150 miles up from

Telegraph on May 22. About 25 Selenia and Black Grouse, wuatation not written, highest prices $600, average prices about $300. Best Marten in this Country are taken on the Diket. We want to make trial with the table of Siberian Marten The Selenia from Nelson River post ascends to Lacconie and by making a short portage descends a branch of the Muddy and thence reaches NORTH. Mackinaw, Moon in the 2nd Meridian came about Christmas 1908 from the Mackenzie. Thirty accidents on the Trail Nahanni when she discovered the remains of Nichersi brother, who had been murdered by the Metis. From the head of the Nahanni she crossed through the lake country across the heads of one or tributaries and descended the Nylund to the Liard. Arctic Fluents were fairly common at Telegraph Creek in the spring Saturday, July 23. 3 miles south One of the horses corred not as farms and after a long search we discovered him nearly dead, with his foreleg through his bell straps. We tried to bring him around but he was too much exhausted. We can abridged to get another horse as went into town to make arrangement. News about horses from Nylund & Co. Had a talk with A.F. Bellbreath about sheep. He tells us that 9 stone grades into O'Fannini at Nahanni, 50 miles farther north all are O'Fannini. O'Fannini at Nahlin. One stone about Cleamato River, the nearest front to coast. 8 stone at Medames Creek and 16 251 miles N.E. Fannini at Athlin. Frolin Lake stone also at head of Nano. Learneyci Miss Specimen called #2 miles south of Telegraph Creek. Field Miss Specimen called in Nits opposite Glenora George and I spent the night at Telegraph Creek

Durran July 24 To Buckley Lake Creek (Men-cho-ti - Brig Lake Streek) 10 miles on Telegraph Line from Fil. Creek 8 miles Got back to camp. Early and as the horses we had engaged did not come we put the loads on our 7 horses and went on The way with the horse porters us. at 5mile Lake a few miles beyond. The trail ascend the valley through fine many spruce woods and crossed a nearly broken rocky spur opposite the high hill. from south across a deep gorge the valley of South Fork -(Mestee) Then we descended and went through a succession of muskegs and through poplar flats for some miles, striking into Telegraph Trail. and following it to our camp in the creek. The country is all Canadian but Hudsonian begin on the hills a little higher San Anton at many places along the Trail. Ledum groenlandicum common in the muskegs also a small willow almost prostrate yellow Castilleja common Lupinun att- Potentilla fruticosa Common Monday July 25- To Men-cho Lake (9 miles) We went up the stream on which we were camped but at a little distance from it, and crossed a succession of poplar ridges with muskegs between them and through many spruce woods to Musko Lake which we reached about 4.30 We passed Ptucker Lake on left the middle of the afternoon, a small kind bordered with grass & some spruce woods. and beyond a smaller manly pine flat on our right Looked on specimen until dark Saw Eriophyllum nigrum in some of the muskegs and some Cassiope Tetragona as much. Betula glandulosa Roses, Rubus arizonensis (old) - Potentilla fruticosa

38 Friday July 26 To Ashcroft Trail (6 miles) Near E end Buckley Lake The morning was rainy and we made a late start. The falls were as castly. Crossed parallel to Buckley Lake but at some distance from its other. We had a long rod trail and led to Death? many swampy places. Came a small fork on our left where I saw a fairly J Halboll grates points and his gang at mouth. Small though Bow yellowtops. Took a long specimen, Saw a Muckrat here. We made only a few miles and camped at the junction of the Ashcroft Trail for as a little below the east end of Buckley Lake which will be at either end. At this point Lallbreath creeks from south to north. East of Buckley Lake lies a long North bank ridge and beyond it across the Dart Fork lies an immense mountain called Sheep Mountain with immense areas above timberline and capped with snow. Larry Martin caught up with us. 39 Wednesday July 27 To (spent 12 miles) Crowning N 2nd Death Fork of Stikine 8.15 to 3.30 Asembled an early start and took to Ashcroft Trail after a few miles 2 Pine and Poplar woods, some of the Lutta trees being of good size. We reached a Cueva Bed and crossed it at a distance of about 2 miles. I was apparently worked with Murray River. We found on our left a long ridge, bare on the summit. Beyond the Cueva bed we descended through a few stones forks and then through a ?truce and still descending reached the 2nd Smith Fork where we camped. Took our baggage across in a canoe which we found there. Saw Salmo mykiss in a small tributary near our camp and took two. Says a riverine comp close to the bank. It seemed to closely touch the water, but seemed almost to swim on its surface with only slight ripples. Saw Recus zyl and its one taken at Telegraph.

Thursday July 28: 2nd S. Fork We crossed the rimi and got the horses across all right. We got away at 7.30. In followed the contour sometimes hard to climb the hill because of the high rate army the trail. We found several families of muffed grione in the valley and shot a 9. The Trail finally left and crossed a very high ridge and then descended a steep meloni and passed through a many spruce forest, where I took a photo the from niches the main stream again and then ascended a tributary a few miles, where we camped at about 6.30 with tent in it and a small camp. From here south we have the best run yet of a big Mt. Shep Mt. (Mt. 14,325) (relating to the traverse east) of the Indians (Oakhams) This is S. of Buckley Lake and is not the same as the Shep Mt. of the S. Fork. I see the snow on it. Tells me that there are no bears in Chief Mt. but used to be many but sheep and goats as on a smaller Mt. just across, the alpine was as on. But saw 36 goats in one band [illegible] shot by Simons about 10 miles Friday July 29: To Head Joa-git Creek We put a good start and made a good day reached near the head of the creek, on which we camped. Our camp lay at first on the top of the poplar ridge which bordered the valley. Then we descended out after a few miles crossed the creek and then traversed on a narrow money valley. Thence the trail entered a forest of pines with a pond, a small lake which was full of Trout. Salmon my kind of which we caught some. The lake is called La-Tee-Three Twenty Fresh Lake. A mile five beyond we camped on a plain and poplar flat, with good feed and close to the once-called Mito. We saw two wolves in the valley of the Joa-git. Dan Dorman tells me that he saw 15 wolves in one day at a Ranch in the Stekens about 100 miles up from Telegraph Creek. about 15 miles near Head Iskat

Saturday July 30 Regain about head q. I start to near Reddipar We got away on good time and ascending a gentle slope for about a mile, passed the between two small lakes, the head of the streams on which we were encamped. Then we went on Through a piece of beautiful grassy glades bordered by young poplar woods and with small sinks in thin Tullos. Beyond we ascended through a very rank growth of wild rhubarb and other Labaccon plants. This led passed over a succession of spruce poplar covered ridges and through a series of misty valleys and then through an extensive trail that caused near the head of a small creek. Populus balsamifera of fair size rooted nicely to the device for our night Camps. We came about 15 miles. Mainly though Hukomen After we had a lunch, Bob Abesta and I made a trip to the top of the mountain opposite our camp. Larry & Samuel also made a hunt in the same direction. We went nearly straight up on the ridge reaching Timberline and about 500 feet above our camp. Died at the top of the first ridge 600 feet feet higher. We met for William, 1 Telegraph Creek with an Indian, Leon. They reported no game but and I went on down into a little valley where then were several Lakes in one quarter. I shot some Barons Goldings. From its ridge beyond we looked across the heat of a deep gully and on a spry bank near the summit of the gully ridge nearly a thousand feet above we saw a Bull Caribou. By my down. We went around the gully and climbed a a point near him and found him on another bank. and I killed him at nine, 30 yards. He came out get him to get up and my first shot went about 300y on his back. The next one struck him but too far back. He walked with difficulty. If the arms and my next shot dropped him. We stunned him quickly as a wild Wind and taking the head and some meat we started back at 6:00 Nancy camp at 11 P.M. We took many flavor on the mountain camp. Sam also got some. They saw no game I saw white tailed Stormym on The MCK and one Porcupine and 9 goals

Sunday July 31. To Klappan River 7 miles We spent the forenoon attending to specimens and got away shortly after noon, and made about 8 miles, reaching the Klappan about 5.30 On our way within a couple of miles of the Klappan we passed a strip of spruce and sloughs, the head of the Dekut. All the lakes about our last camp were tributary to the Dekut. We saw little of interest along the route. The Klappan is an crossing place or about 75 yards wide with a swift current. Its banks are will wooded with Spined (sk?) and Aspen, with a sprinkling of Balsam Poplar. A good page back the moral shrubs We got the horses across in Thirty Saw many Piro just before camping Do see us that we burned elders grow on the Spotizga about 50 miles up and on Hocatgile Lake On the divide between the Frances west of Triggers Falls, and the Kelly are Many Caribou family, showing that many migrate. There are some in the summer. Probably come from Hyland, Caribou at 40 miles come north in November. Return in March and April at the head of the Kuskokwim. Some of the caribou are resident. Others come in in the winter. Near the head of the Kantishna are many moose, bull sheep & caribou on the Hyland. 50 miles up at mouth of Twenty Creek are moose, woodland Caribou on the Barren hills. Black bear. On the Muddy or Turnagain up the Walker Creek 50 mile to Walker's Lake there are goats & sheep all through. We also about the head of the Muddy. On Iset - a m which rise tributaries of the Muddy and little Muddy and one tributary of the Stikine. There are many sheep, moose and caribou in summer. Caribou leave the summit in November and descend to the Stikine. The moose are about Timberline in summer descend in autumn, Muddy and other rivers. Have gone in rounds and sandbars in spring on Muddy and Stikine and work back up the Metsa as vegetation advances

Monday, August 1. Past Eagle Creek (Fond That morning was rainy and we did not get everything across until noon and it was mid-afternoon before we got away. We followed the Klappan and camped at 6.30 close to the river Tuesday Aug 2. Camp near Eagle Creek It rained all day and we did not break Camp Fork Corer and Pennywocus in my traps. Very few S-A were about. Camped Trees and Shrubs at camp are - Pines, White spruce, Lopin, Dwarf Birch, willows Arctoto, Shrubby conyulfoel Rubio (red buckthorn) (and) Gorseberry) Wednesday Aug 3 To 2nd Eagle Creek We cached the canvas skins and skulls and some other things and made an early start. We went through a series of spruce patches and over a high bank, following the bank of the Klappan. Then we went through a series of open glacial though dwarf Birch bordered with pines and through an extensive route. We passed a small pond on our right where there was a large Beaver house. A mile beyond we camped on the west side of 2nd Eagle Creek. We saw about 20 grats on the Tilt's our left. Bob went after them and killed 2. Larry and I followed and reached him just after he had killed them. Saw a moose Porcupine saw Bure in musketry and Bob carried me near the rocky creek above Timberline. Palesm poplar around it Timberline, Black and White spruce common

Thursday Aug 4. To Forks Klappan We crossed the creek (Cyprian Creek) and ascending the bank of its rally followed the Klappan to its junction with a good paved tributary, on which we camped about noon. We placed the tents in a canyon-like place where the creek cuts against a shelly cliff. The river is now much smaller than before and rather forms one of a bed of boulders. The little or our left continues in a rather even edge of rounded peaks with nearly a thousand feet above Timberline, while those on the western side of the Klappan rally are somewhat lower Sizes on 9 good size of camp (15 meters diameter) through we are only a few hundred feet below Timberline. Friday Aug 5. Rally Destroy River We ascended The Destroy The Trail following the side of the valley though poplar and willows and at our place starting the river at the foot of a shelly slope. The river was rapid all the way. We finally came and went to a broad nearly level meander basin strewn and clothed mostly with dwarf brush and many poplars cut by beams from talus poplars a good size (15 or 16 meters) but not tall. We camped near the upper part of this valley a few hundred feet below Timberline Set out a line of traps about a small shallow pond in a basin.

50 Saturday Aug. 6. Nts near Klahhah Meadows We started away early for a hunt for sheep on the Nts to the NE Bergrs and I with Larry followed a N-sately, turbulany from couple of miles and then ascended a valley to Timberline through a beautiful grassy valley where lived many Marmots and ground squirrels. From the head we crossed over the head of another valley rising in a sort of basin and from here discovered 2 mnts which lying down on the side of a mountain in its basin. We waled them sometime to see if they would descend to feed back they finally ascended a higher ledge and lay down. George and Larry then descended and shooting to Mt. climbed it or its further side and George shot the larger one. I ascended another higher one beyond and saw about a dozen Caribou lying on the snow fields, but no more sheep. Though I saw a great many Flocks. Saw also a white-tailed Thermigan. From the summit the Arctic summit extended in every direction as far as the eye could reach. I scanned on the mountains until nearly Summit and then made my way to camp, as found that Sam, who with Bob had ascended another mountain had shot his fair-sized sheep (Woodrats about Timberline) 51 Sunday Aug. 7. Wp Klahhah Valley We spent the forenoon at specimen and in the afternoon moved up the initially fork of the Klahhah about 5 or 6 miles and camped. On our way we found several small fishes on our left. The Trail following the right hand side of the valley Saw a willow Thermigan and Saw shot at. Saw a good hoary Marmot and ground squirrels near our right camp which is near Timberline through in the valley

52 Monday Aug 8. To Klappan Flats The morning was rainy and we did not get away very early. We ascended the rally to its head directly south (true) and went through a low Pass. Hence we wound down an abrupt descent following a small stream which flowed into a larger one, a tributary of the main Klappan. We ascended this for some miles and encamped at the lower end of a broad alpine meadow - Klappan flats. We saw many marmot and ground squirrels and also several broods of yellow ptarmigan. After reaching camp, Sam and I went out on the meadows and shot some ptarmigan. A camp of Indians (Carrer Klestas Camp) will be supplied with meat and other necessities, was met with Taws. 130 miles from Gudgy. about 18 mile 53 Tuesday Aug 9. Klappan Flats We left camp about noon, leaving Sam with Larry and Bert, George Dan and I starting for Fort Endlame. We took a dim trail eastward and followed up the small stream and then struck on going eastward. Camped the side of the meadow like rally and camped shortly after 11 in a brush flat among large scattered spruces. Saw two broods of yellow ptarmigan and what a golden crowned sparrow, among the spruces, old and young and common.

54 Wednesday Aug 10. Across Spa-tee-za R. We left camp at 9.30 and followed down the creek soon crossing it and following the trail left yesterday to the junction of the creek with the Spa-tee-za about 5 miles. We crossed the stream which was big deep and then followed its eastern bank over rough ridges for about 3 miles. In attempting to ascend the stiff side of a side canyon one of the horses fell, and rolled to the bottom with the kitchen outfit and gum. Fortunately it ran ashore and little damage was done to the outfit. We made camp on the bank of the valley and arranged our outfit. Eugene brown hawks 55 Thursday Aug 11. Spa-tee-za River Remained in camp, spying out a route and deciding on just where our outfit to cache and lighten our load. Dan climbed to timberline and reported that we were nearly 40 miles but far down to enter the pass. The day was cool with threatened rain, and toward evening it snowed on some of the nearby mountains. Last night water froze nearly an inch in the kettle. Saw little of interest.

56 12 miles Friday Aug 12. Up Spaticeza Valley We cached some of our flour and many articles and left our camp at 10.15. Picked our way out of the thick woods to the plain and soon reached its valley broad and comparatively level with many grassy terraces perfectly level and hummocky plateaus. Saw many tracks of moose and caribou and the bed of a bear near our Camp. Traveled until about 5 o'clock and camped near the southern edge of the valley. Started a cow caribou and calf as we camped. Shot 3 mall flamingos and stunned them. Saw many antlers in bog in valley. Many Harry moor and ground bogsomes. Saw stirred body of grizzly bear, but strike was ruined. In the evening saw a small flock (?) Canada geese. Dan tells me that they feed on the lower part of this river where there are sandbars and also in Stikine 57 14 miles Saturday Aug 13 To Night q. Camp Henry Stikine We left camp about 10 and traveled up the N. bank of the Spaticeza for about 6 miles, and then ascended a tributary which came in from the W. and followed it for about 8 miles To the point where its stream came out of the Mts into the main valley a short distance beyond as the height of land. Stikine waters After dinner we went up the Wt side a short distance. George shot a porcupine and a cat fox. Set some traps. Many ptarmigan seen today

58 Sunday Aug 14. To Fur-Tan Lake We left camp about 10 o'clock and soon crossed the height of land and went about 4 miles in a W.S. direction. Then the valley turned abruptly to the East and we followed it in nearly a straight line. We soon descended onto a broad level grassy plain a couple of miles wide, absolutely without trees or bushes except when it was cut by the stream along which grass and willows grew. It was flanked on either side by high mountains, bare except for a few hundred feet near the valley. We followed this for 5 or 6 miles and then went through a succession of pine-covered ridges to near the first of a series of lakes, where we camped. The stream followed the base of the western flank of the Principal Head Branches of the Stickney and is called Isakadzoa by the Indians. San Frocks. Sheep move Carbon and Solodes. Many marmots and ground squirrels about 15 miles 30 Monday Aug 15. To Hot-Les-Lue Lake The horses went back on the track and it was afternoon before we got them. In the meantime I made a trip down to the lake. Found that several Indian families had camped here a long time in the spring. Found a broken canoe on the lakeshore, with a piece of large sunshades wet that a number of boats. After dinner we left and followed an easterly course down the valley, keeping to the north of the river and camping on a small beam lake just west of Hot-Les-Lue. We followed Indian trails part of the way and crossed several small creeks. Saw several porcupines on the trail and one young Caribou on the mountain to our left. The valley is bordered on either side by Mt's Tricky above Timberline, and is 4 or 5 miles broad about 7 miles

60 About 12 miles Tuesday Aug 16 To Telaw Hot [illegible] We made a [illegible] start and soon reached the Lake which we skirted on its northern shore. Near it lead we found a camping place where there were two Indian groves beyond we followed the beach to near its outlet and then across a succession of swampy plains and willow grown swamps, and camped about 3 miles below the lake, where we intend to cross the stream, its outlet. This Lake is famed for its fish Lake Trout which fact gives it its name. On the ridges near its northern shore grow many aspens and Pines, the latter the first seen since leaving the Klappan we saw no fish today Vicia alba Parnos [illegible] name Ritula glandulosa Willow Daisphora Red Castilleja Crowns Yellow also seen. North act eastward from Hattlesbury the Conglomerate out began About 13 miles Wednesday Aug 17 To near Indian Village We set off early and after getting across the river, we found than an Indian Trail followed down its northern bank evidently leading from the Corss end of Hattlesbury. we followed it all day going close to the stream in an easterly direction about mid afternoon we cut across and struck the Corss part of a tributary from the south, which we ascended still on the trail we camped on at about 5 miles from its mouth. A fair few of camp pines come white spruce, also common Much of our course today through pines. We went through gramy and willowy prairies. Caught some Grayling in the main creek about Noon Many signs of bear seen today Red squirrel Chipmunks More and Caribou Tracks

62 Thursday Aug. 18 To near Head of Chapa-atun Made a good start and followed up the Trail which kept on the same side of the creek. After about 3 mile we thought best to cross it and crossed the creek and kept up a tributary which came in from the south as the trail through still good. Led too Far westerly. We followed game Trails some of which had been used by Indians as there was an occasional Beggs or cutting we camped at 5 oclock in the valley, a few hundred feet below timberline, on an easterly tributary of the creek followed in the afternoon. Saw one caribou in the valley and about 16 in the nearby mountains. Marmots in Snowpiles. Shortly before sunset they left the river and commenced feeding. Many Tracks of moose and caribou in the valley. Saw signs of wood rat on cleft. In an alfalfa patch before Camp. 63 Miscellaneous Notes Dan Brown tells me that ruffed Grouse are common on the Lower Stewart for 125 miles At Circle city and to Fort Hanlem. They are common along the Kuskokwim. They are common and between the Heads of the Ken. Kokwim and the Kantishna and along the Tanana at least 304 miles up Magpies over in the head of the. Malchatna... and as founds all about the Stikine drainage A grouse on the Yukon at the mouth of white river

64 Thursday, Aug 19 To summit of Ha-dotz-e-ta-le Pass We left our camp about 10 and started over the end of the ridge above (east?) Our camp had gone only a short distance when it started to rain. It worsened but we kept on until about 1 mile when we camped at timberline near the Pass. Saw two bands of Caribou, 7. about 50 each. Bulls- Cows and calves. One on the Mt above timberline and the other in the Fair valley. In the afternoon the ram abated and George went out and shot a caribou for meat while I set traps for Lemmings. He reported seeing about 3 ptarmigan which he thought was the white tailed. The caribou on the Mt had gone down into the lower part of the Pass. Saw chipmunks, ground squirrels, and Mt Marmots above timberline. A ram came near our camp 6 miles Saturday August 20 Ha dotz-e-ta-le Pass With Derek observant and a Ptarmigan in my traps. George and Dan climbed to the left of the nearest peaks to spy out the route, and brought back several good Ptarmigan. Storms soon when they returned and we encamped not far from. So we all ascended the peak again and got some white tailed Ptarmigan and 3 grey squirrels. Saw a bunch of about 30 caribou and took pictures of them. Saw many horned larks on the Mt and shot me also a sheepdog Have Arctic Poppies were common on the peaks and many other flora

66 Sunday August 21 To -- Pass We got away about 10 and made our way in a S.E. direction along the timberline and went down into the next valley which we ascended a couple of miles and climbed out to cross a high pass between two ridges to the next large valley to the East, instead of going around as it seemed very pret. Saw a far Carbon at our night camp which is only 5 or 6 miles nearly due east of our last camp across the mountain 10 miles 67 Monday Aug 22 To -- Creek We got away in good time and ascended to the summit of the pass and descended the south east slope of the mountain which was quite steep. We then descended a small stream and crossed a big brook to the next stream which we crossed and then descended. Its valley is broad with terraced slopes some of which are dry level and well grassed. In the valley are several lakes in basins. We camped a short distance above the junction of the streams with another from the North. [Corbous observed on Polar slope ?Pm?]

68 Tuesday Aug 23. Upper Fridlay Lost brief the horses and lost the fromoon hunting for him. Then after a little journey eastward we concluded that our course lay over the western flank of the mountain south of us and so took the back Fork up the valley and made only a few miles Dan tell me that from July 5 to 8 1909, at a point about 26 miles N of the Indian village in a groovy Prarie on a tributary of the Stikine he saw a number of meatow Cakes. They were singing shay day. He has seen them also at Telegraph Creek. Has seen Arctic Hushes at Telegraph Creek in Spring. 69 Wednesday Aug. 74. Part Wt of Land Smith We got away in good time and proceeded Southwood up the valley which was broad and comparatively level with many grassy terraces and a small pond here and there along the creek. There were many living Mammoths on the terraces. Shortly after noon we passed a Sod-sized grass bordered pond which was the head of the creek and also had an outlet down the other end of the valley. We passed this, and then found an Indian trail which we followed and camped just before sunset on the east side of the valley. On either side very high mountains and to the south down the valley a very high range with creek and other at Saw a single caribou at the height of land and a herd 3 cows with calves and 2 or 3 young bulls just before camp.

70 8 miles Thursday Day 25. To near Lake We got away in good time and took a S.E. course along the south side of the creek and along the side of the mountain. About noon we came to a good sized creek and while stopping for lunch we caught a strong good sized rainbow trout. Then we ascended the creek for a mile or so and crossed it, after which we took a westerly and then a southerly course to a good sized creek where we camped about a mile below a large lake. Saw a Flatbear just before camping and many tracks of centaurs along the creek Saw a brood of willow Ptarmigan near camp. The male flew up into the top of a tall spruce about 50 feet up and cocked - bravely at me while the female and young ones flew away 71 No mileage Friday August 26 Near Lake The day was rainy and we did not move. Found that a trail continued on from across the creek which we must cross and that another keeps on up the west side of the lake which is at least 5 or 6 miles long and how much longer we cannot tell. It rained all day and was still rainy at dusk. Dan tells me that in 1892-3 there were almost no moose about Telegraph Creek and few about Sear Lake. Now they are abundant in both places and are killed as soon as the Camps of the Stikine Rabbit, in 1892-3 were very abundant about Telegraph Creek. Very abundant between Cook Inlet and Fairbanks in winter 1903-4. Were practically gone in 1907

72 Saturday August 27. To Pan east of lake We intended to raft the river but found it fordable just above our camp so crossed the horses. Took the trail on the east side and followed it in a S.E. direction. It passed through a scattered pine forest and then along several deep, grassy valleys, and then climbed the mountain side soon reaching nearby to timberline. Then we entered a broad open pass running nearly East and West and went down to northern border. Mountains border it on either side. Those to the south being much the higher. It was grassy and abundant with long dry grassy mazes which were full of groundhog burrows. We saw no caution on either side and few tracks in the valley. Some tracks of moose in the following 12 miles 78 Sunday Aug 28. To. Thuthade Lake We got away in good time and went eastward along the southern border of the valley down towards the deep valley to the east. We quickly crossed to the southern side of the creek, which left the pure in a deep canyon-like valley, and picked up the Indian Trail which we had lost in the open pass. It led southward and seemed to be heading for the head of a long narrow lake which occupies the valley below. This we suppose to be the lake at the head of the valley, and as we went to cross it at the outlet of the lake we decided it was best to abandon the trail and make for the lower end of the lake. We made several miles through a brush about 25 years old and came shortly before sunset beside a creek within a mile or two of the lake. I saw Ribes and amelanchier in the brush also Lepaygyra

Monday Aug 24. Hudace Lake We got started late as the horses had come back on the trail about 5 miles. We followed down the creek through the brule and made our way northward along the shore of the lake toward its supposed outlet. We travelled until nearly dark and camped on a point. Alders and Quakeum poplar grow along the shore of the lake. The cuttin not common and 9 small pigeons 10 miles in lake Tuesday Aug 30 7 near end Made a good start and proceeded along the shore the lake until nearly dark Its shore line was mostly lined with boulders through stretches of gravel or occasionally a sandy beach afforded better travelling. The woods bordering the lake were well nigh impassable. Just before camping however we crossed a couple of points where the woods were nearly bare and fairly open The morning hung trees and deep moss under foot. Bespeak a heavy rainfall Saw a muskrat on the lake in the afternoon. Red squirrels ever common about our camp. Saw several Porcupines during the day

76 About 4 miles Wednesday Aug 31. To Outlet Thuthale Lake We could not feed the old Horse (Phil), and after a long hunt looked for other horses and went on making another effort to find him. Reached the foot of the lake about noon. Dan caught up with us, not having succeeded in feeding them. We found the Sunday uncomfortable at the outlet and so made a raft and ferried across a narrow place a quarter of a mile above the outlet. It was camping time when we finished. We found the white cahm of a prospectors at the outlet. Rainbow Trout were numerous. Saw a number of birds. Not seen before for a long time Canton and more tracks along the shore white spruce a tree which we cut for a raft 13 miles at the base had 2.35 annulus mps. It was about 50 feet high 77 8 miles Thursday Sept 1. E Side Thuthale Lake We looked up a trail from the foot of the lake southward through a valley which lies a mile or two east of the lake, and making a late start made about 5 miles southward and camped on a pine clad ridge. The flies were very bad, worse than we have had them at any time. Our course lay along dry ridges grown up to medium pined pines and spruces and along marshy spots. We saw traces of what we suppose to Robertson's Trail but it is not well marked. Lepidodendron, Veticaden, Dablocus, Alnus Empetrum, Abies (on Mt. Felt) dwarf buck Arctous, Arctostaphylos vaccinium. (two species in fruit) Rubus (seeds as collected) Saw signs of Neshima on the rocks near the south end of Thuthale Lake bear

78 13 miles Friday Sept. 2 To Atty-Chica Creeks The horses had gone back a long way and show [illegible] when we got started. We made our way southward along the hill side, about 2 miles from Thithade Lake. We found Robertson Trail at intervals and reached Atty-chick creek at its junction with Kenee Creek shortly after noon. We ascended the forma on the west side following an Indian trail which was well blazed and fairly good for horses [illegible] just before dark about 16 miles Saturday. Sept. 3. Atty-chica Creeks We started at 1,30 and made our way up Atty-chica Creek. The trail followed the North side, sometimes close to the stream but usually on the bordering ridges and went through brush. We camped near a lake just above the fork of Attyphica Creek with another fording apparently [illegible] from Robertson Trail which we had followed all day. (Later looked up his trail which was on the hillside above our camp.)

80 Sunday Sept. 4 To Head McConnell We made a good start and following Robertson's Trail which we struck about 31/4 of a mile East of our camp we ascended the side of the valley crossing the summit of the Divide about 11 o'clock. Through an open forest of spruces and pines and fir just beyond the Summit we struck a will own horse Trail which we knew must lead to McConnell Creek. So we turned southward on this Trail and after following it about 5 miles camped in a pine and spruce forest at 3.00. It rained all day and we were all very wet. A large lake lies in the valley below us (The head of the north trail of McConnell Creek) 8 miles 81 Monday Sept. 5 To Diggings McConnell We made a good start and followed on the Trail had pretty good going except for 1 large wet place where one of the horses had to be unloaded. Struck the branch of Mc.K. branch Creek about 11 velvets. Here were many clam stakes. Then the Trail climbed the Mt side and followed eastward a little way below Timberline for a couple of miles and then dipped sharply to the right to McConnell Creek Diggings where we found Peter Jensen who took out the first gold and was still working his claim from and a shaft 160 feet to Belrock. He gave us information about the Trail down to Dingenia He says there are Mt Gates on the N. side of the Dingenia and that the Indians reported Mt Sheh on Pelly Creek 20 miles from its mouth. We climbed both sides of the Mt and camped

Tuesday Sept 6. Across Mts to Dingenika. Left our camp near the Diggings and followed around the Mt side but on account of canyons had to climb nearly to the summit and lost some time in the afternoon we followed the ridges and valleys above the timber and finally came down the side of a broad grassy valley and camped just below timberline across the Dingenika, whose valley here and for a long way up as far as we could see from the Mts. was tunnel over. We saw several perches of Mr. D. Plummer on the high rocky ridges and 4. shot a couple of Rock Ptarmigan from a flush. Also some W Tails. The day was cold and partly cloudy. Many Lipti on the Mts. H. Marmot fairly common. Burrow of Ground squirrels. I saw a few signs of Caribou. moths, etc. on the mountain. A lodge pole pine at our morning camp near timberline was 8 feet high 4 inches in diameter and had 72 annual rings. Chipmunk taken above timberline. Wednesday Sept 7 To N. Fork Dingenika We made a late start, having to star horses etc. and going down into the Brule we followed down the valley of the Dingenika all day and camped at sunset at the junction of the N. and the main Fork. The woods at timberline are almost entirely Abies subalpina while in the burnt place black and white spruces, and lodge pole pine had been the principal trees. We came down many hundred feet today. Near our camp the Lodgepole pines are very tall and a good size and Balsam poplars 12 feet in diameter. Saw Capnoides sempervirens. We took 3 or 4 Porcupines during the day. Both males and large. The larger weighed 28 lbs. Peter Jensen told us that a boy killed one season 200 porcupines during the mummy excitement here a year or two ago. Carleton crew fairly common that were killed at that time.

84 6 miles Thursday. Left 8. To near Boulder Creek We made a rather late start having to unpack packs and attend to other things and then crossed the North Fork and followed the old trail down to N. bank. It had once been a good trail but fire burnings have made it difficult to trace and more so to follow, as the trees have choked it completely in places. We made only 5 or 6 miles and camped at Sunset on the South bank heavy crowed above a high bluff Saw very few birds during this day Saw more foxes here and there Red squirrels were fairly common 85 6 miles Friday. Left 9. To near Falls The burning was rainy and we were late in starting. Had to wicross a quarter of a mile below our camp. Then we had a spell of burnt and then several miles of unburnt woods white spruce and fir. Here there was an undergrowth of Rubus rubrum - Rubus (black and hairy) Rubus arcticus Rubus strigivus Rubus triflorus! Echinopanax Alder Viburnum Sorbus Caeruleensis in fruit and ripe and very abundant We crossed Boulder Creek about an hour after leaving camp. we are following a Kith whel as well marked with blazes We camped rather early at the lower end of a patch of green tuber where there had been a camp of prospectors in 1908

Saturday Sept. 10 Near Falls The morning was very rainy, with snow on the Mts. and we remained in camp. We going to make a start in the afternoon as it partially cleared but, as we saw a goat on the nearest Mountain we decided to try to get him. Accordingly we all climbed up and soon located and killed him. He proved to be an old male and was very tenacious of life. It was after sunset when we finished skinning him, and loaded with the skin and a lot of the meat we started down to Mt. George was lighter loaded and reached camp long after dusk, but Dan and I after pushing the first valley got into such a maze I fallen tributaries and underbrush that we decided to give up. So we built a good fire and took naps. Besides it was still daylight, and then soon model camp. On the Mt-side were many nests and other signs of Perfora which had cut and burnt quantities of firwood and laid branches of it lying around in crowned Miles. Sunday left 11 To Falls Inc. Idaho We made a rather late start, as the forces had gone but quite away and continued on down The North Fork. For a while we had bad going and then we got into a fine plant and reached the falls of the river about Camping time. The falls are merely a succession of grumpy some arms large breaches, but there is a drop of probably 30 feet in a few yards

Monday Sept 12 To Hellow Falls The flow at the foot of the falls proved to be full of grayling and small Trout. So while Dan and George went on I stayed to catch a few and then follow on. They crossed the river a short distance below, where I caught up with them. They killed 3 grayling, 2 Trout & carried a foot, and one large Trout about 14lbs a mile or 100 below the blazed trail led up the side of the valley and we followed it until not very convinced that it was a good Trail and then had to come back and camped on the side of the valley some way above the river Tuesday Sept 13 Dan and I started out with oxes shortly after six o'clock and cut a Trail for about 5 miles. Then he returned for the horses while I kept on with the axe. By the time they had caught up with me about sunrise, I had cut and blazed about 3 miles more, which makes the best day we have done for some time. The turn continues to fall nearly the entire valley. I saw many birds but was unable to pay much attention to them. Moose tracks plentiful and Red squirrels fairly common.

90 Wednesday Sept 14. 9 miles To Some Place Started early and cut Track ahead . Had saw going and left for the south side. The Track led through burnt areas along the forkroad, and then dipped down toward the river and followed a fine ridge for a mile or so and then entered the heavy green timber. We then crossed another brush area and camped among poplars and spruces on a flat close to the river. Leaves on Poplars, buckthorn and willows now turned and falling. A little devils club in the bottoms some. Cornus stolonifera they found 1? Ribe, rubrum nearly all fallen and that 1 Cornus canadensis are drying up. 91 Thursday Sept 15- 7 miles To near South Fork Started out ahead with axes as usual and after Dan started back I kept on. It crosses the river toward evening and cut a mile or so and then went back and awaited the tram. They arrived after a little and after crossing we camped as it looked as if a heavy shower was upon us. Had saw, good going and in the east part of the burn today and at camp as apparently below all of it as the timber is green on both sides as far as we can see

Friday Sept 16 9 miles Drent ahead with the six and cut trail all day. The horses catching me about an hour before sunset. Kept on N. Side 7 mile but crossed to South side just before camping and picked up horse trail. Saw tracks of bears mouse. The boys saw two rabbits. Red squirrels very common. Son knowing of bears made this spring. Saw old snare set for bears I saw near the river in a marshy place the large frog collected at Telegraph Creek. Saturday Sept 17 12 miles To below Smith Fork Made a fairly early start. I started ahead and cut trail where needed. We made a long sandbar and after a stretch or two I deep woods reached the crossing place above the South Fork, where we crossed about 1 o'clock. I had gone below a half mile or so to the South Fork and found no other crossing place. At the crossing was a cabin built by P. Jensen and of cache. The cabin was used by the woodrats and great quantities of alder brush dried. Saw two rabbits in the day Saw a G.H. Owl in the early evening. Camped at dark on the forks of the valley at some distance from the river At crossing saw: Amelanchier, Prunus pennsylvanica, Aprocynum androsaemifolium & Eleocymus Dan Land and in the Heart Mtns Dan has seen many little Chief hares on the Kahtishma new bloom out.

94 10 miles Sunday Sept 18. To Belly Creek I started ahead of the outfit to hunt and they caught me at Belly creek where I waited. We crossed and camped on the east bank. The trail followed the pine benches for the most part and struck the river only once. It passed over a several very high cut banks, one of which I saw many holes. I found some The pine valley has been burned out and there are many fell chimneys and granny firestone which formerly covered the soil that are now far from it. See recent signs of bearers. Eldercorns common along the crest of its high banks Wildlaves not ripe and rather common. 95 15 miles below Monday Sept 19. We made a fairly early start and travelled steadily all day passing two or three small brooks first before sunset we came close to the river for the first time all day and cutting across a bend a mile or more we camped where the trail again struck the river. The trail passed through pine woods most of the way and usually along the crest high sandy banks steadily. After noon we entered a fresh burn made early in the summer and continued it in most of the afternoon. It has covered much of the valley for many miles on both sides and is still smoldering in a couple of places across. The valley bared thirty 3 km, one or other Som only old ground which indicates that the young or egg were destroyed by this fire Wind Calm. Clear in evening

6 miles Tuesday Sept. 20 To Lake Creek Made a rather late start as the horses had taken the back track. I went ahead to hunt, and at night waited for the horses at a good camping place opposite the mouth of the branch of the tributaries of the Ingensha, a good sagged stream coming in from the south. The boys had had trouble one of the horses falling over a bank which caused them to lose a lot of time so we made but a short distance though the trail was good. Saw one rabbit in the morning and a beaver and muskrat at camp. 12 miles Wednesday Sept 21 To Findlay Made a good start and travelled at a good rate for 6 hours when we reached the Findlay. Our course lay along the crest of high banks for the most part, but some of it through fine woods. We passed one small stream about an hour and a half from our camp. The valley of the Ingensha continually broadens and at its mouth is at least a couple of miles wide. The poplars which now form about half the forest covering are now at their highest color and combining with the bright green of the pines and spruces make the view of the valley a most brilliant panorama. The Findlay at the point where we struck it is about 71 feet wide at its present low stage, occupying less than half its width at high water. The valley is fringed on either side by rather high mountains some capped with snow.

98 6 miles Thursday Sept 22. Across Smiley Resumed work on our raft early and crossed successfully thirty won. Swam the horses. While Duni was preparing we got the animals which had landed above us and got away about 2 o'clock. We picked up a trail and followed it down stream and out toward the high benches where we struck the so-called Police Trail and followed it until nearly dark, when we camped where the trail crossed a small stream. The morning was cold with some rain and snow on the higher peaks. In the afternoon it rained considerably. Our trail led between the last through a burn which is only a month or so old and is still alive in places in the valley. Many of the fallen trees were fallen. Saw a load in afternoon 99 14 miles 2.84 pm J.B. Friday Sept 23 To Fort Grahame Got a good start and followed the trail southward along the benches. The trail was very good except in one place where there was a mile or two of fallen timber across a burn. We crossed several small trees and one rather large one about a mile or less from camp. About three miles from Fort Grahame the trail drops to the river flats and soon enters the heavy timber. A fire, still burning, shut us from the post and we had to go around at edge and reached the post just before dark. We once met Mr. William Fox, the manager of the post and camped in a small building in the post clearing.

Saturday Sept 24. Fort Grahame. Crabbed and dried our outfit in the day was fine. Set out traps and shot a few specimens William Hare, in charge of the post tells me that there are a few sheep on the Mts east of the Finlay 10 miles above the mouth of the Inglenook. Have been killed on Kelly Creek. Do an occasional one on the Mts east of Fort Grahame. On one occasion, two oxen trod through the post clearing. There are sheep on Mt Selwyn but not many Lagrimen are found sparsely on the Mts west of the post and are more common but less plentiful on the Mts to the east. Are found on the high Mts to the southward, on both sides of the Peace where it cuts through the Rockies. We get meat of elk (Therz) which is brought in from the eastward toward the upper Kliros. Probably as near as fifty miles. Sunday Sept 25. Fort Grahame. Got some specimens in my traps and shot a few An Indian boy brought me a rabbit which he had saved Grizzly Bears are fairly common in the Mts, but black bears are less common than formerly at present Goats are said to be found on most of the Mts about and are killed at least as far east as the Mts east of the upper part of Halfway River. Used to be very plentiful Moose used to be common about Streets Lake but have not been common for some years. Until the last few years. They are becoming scarce about the post but are becoming more common to the north.

Monday Sept 26 Fort Grahame Day died and rainy Fork Evertrops Chromyces Microrhysus and Sorex in my traps. Put on most of this day an specimen m gummies Leyotes first appeared about 12 years ago. First one in 1895. Then commenced about 1906 when several were killed about the house. Black tail deer all coming in and have been killing in the vicinity of the Post. Were first noted 10 years ago 3.0 miles south (vine). Have since been killed about the post, are found 10 miles up the Paranip (1909) Brown hog (large) are found on all its mts around the Post and at least as far as its Mts east of the upper Halfway River The small one (not killed) is not identified but is killed about the post Ground squirrels are found about the head of the Ondley Mink rats not common. Tuesday Sept 27 Fort Grahame The following names were given me by Wm. Fox Ingenika - Bearberry creek Ominice - Berry creek Hudley - Chir-chica - Big River Paranip - Tarita-aca - River from the rocks Oiliver Ant Connell didn't come up to Graham except half a dozen families which trade at Babma Goat - Dapa Sheep - Ta-ke Moose - Hot-ta Fu-tade - so called by the Indians Ground squirrel - Cheli Ground hog - Tet-le-zis Caribou - Much-ee Bear - Cha I took Evertrops, Sorex, Peromyscus + Microrhysus in my traps. Abundant, as said to be sometime abundant

Wednesday Sept 28. Friday Run We pushed up and left Fort Grahame late in the afternoon in a balsam poplar slough a new canal but very heavy We made good time and. Camped at dark persons miles below. The valley of the Trinklay is broad and the banks of the river are well wooded with white spruce, balsam poplar and a little larch. The hills bordering the valley are not high. Fort Grahame timberline, but behind them are high peaks reaching far above timberline and now covered with new snow, as are also the higher timbered hill. There are many drift piles on the river bed the bases and signs can be seen to have been made by the silt carry duck drift piles Heard ruffed grouse drum in the evening Thursday Sept 29. To near Copica R The morning was rainy and we made a late start. We paddled against a head wind all day and camped at dark on the left bank a short distance above the mouth of the Omence The valley has gradually deepened and toward evening we passed no low poplar covered flats which are so characteristic of the river about Fort Grahame. The banks are steep and when not disturbed by landslips, are generally well wooded with spruce and balsam and aspen poplar large size We saw many small flocks of surf scoters and shot a Tundra for food. Saw recent Cuttings of Beaver. Saw a red squirrel swim the river at a point where it was about 100 yards wide. This tree floated dry and his head was held well above the surface. On shore, the bank he shook himself once or twice and camped away.

Friday Left 30. To Mth Parentip River We got away in good time and soon passed the mouths of the Orphica and a little blvmd Ha Omenien. The banks became closer after we passed through the straight stretch with some low poplar covered was Several high cut banks once Passed and a number of Clay slides. We had a head wind most of the day, but beyond evening it calmed. We followed the main river all the way as the slough which cut off a long bend was choked with driftwood We reached the junction of the Pindley & the Parentip about 5.30 and camped on the north side of the level at this point. The Pindley Rapes are just below San coral bury at camp in the morning Beaver Saturday, Oct. 1 To below Barnard River Made a good start and soon reached The rapid, going down, on the north side of the river. The rillain which is represented on Davenports Map as dividing the rapid is now entirely above it, having been washed away nearly one half apparently. We Portaged our stuff along a trail which passed through the alders and willows at the valley's edge - about 3 1/2 of a mile, and let the boat down close to the shore with The help of a line in one place. Had dinner just before starting down from the foot of the rapid. About 3 o'clock we passed three men who were intending to Fork and had come in from Fort George. After a short confab- we went on and camped at dusk on the north bank a short distance above Barnard River. Vicked now seems to Carry lime and has colored the rocks at its mouth...a whitish color. Mt Selwyn rose ab

108 Depth, from the river bank. We looked over at carefully with the glass hoping to see a sheep but without success. It was still capped with new snow. As seen all the surrounding Mts above Timberline. On the north side of the river the Mts seem like lines and are avoid of Trees to quite a low altitude. In one a very large deh cave was visible perhaps about a thousand feet above the river. Near it was a sharp ridge with a hole through it. At the base of Mt Selwyn we saw a black bear but it escaped into the brush before we obtained a shot. Elaeagnus angustifolia is common in suitable places, and Echinopanax grows luxuriantly in certain spots. A short distance up the slopes of Mt Selwyn. A little old snow was seen in the ravines 109 Sunday Oct 2. To Ottertail River. We left camp between 9 and 10 and paddled down the river. We passed a number of small creeks and two large ones. The current was clearwater. Several riffles were seen, one of them quite a bad one, about the middle of the afternoon we passed the "Palfar" Rapid where we portaged about 100 yards or more and let the boat down on the left side. Boulders were common here and I took a few. The rapids is caused by a ledge of rock which crosses the river and is quite formidable. The drop is so sudden that it cannot be seen until one is near but we heard it plainly. After crawling up we eddied below we went on and soon passed the Ottertail River a good sized stream on our left. The valley is wider and we left that high mountains this morning. The day was cloudy with some rain

Monday Oct 3. To Rocky Mt. Portage After a rainy night we got away in good time and paddled down the river which is bordered with grassy terraces and spruce topped cut. Banks, about 5 o'clock we passed a large camp of Indians with whom we traded tin and tobacco for some half dried bear meat made Collation arrangements for crossing the portage as they had horses. Then we went on to the portage where we camped just before dusk. a rapids just below marks the beginning of the series. which makes the portage necessary Gr. Bear. Tuesday Oct 4. To Hudsons Hope Shortly after noon, having made arrangements with the Indians to catch our baggage across the portage, we left with our stuff on their horses and reached Hudson's Hope, where we found two buildings, but no traders, shortly before dark. As we can get neither provisions nor boat, we will have to make a raft and float down to St. Johns without delay. The portage trail leads over firre and poplar clad terraces during the first few miles, then through a succession of muskyp and small spruce patches, and then descents through poplar woods to a flat high above the river, where the buildings stand. Here the firs on the banks, and poplars have fallen.

Wednesday Oct 5 Hudsons Hope We decided that Georg and Dan would go down to St Johns on a raft taking nothing but food for the trip and send up a canoe for the baggage, while I will stay there and collect Accordingly I set out shortly after breakfast to start the raft at a place about 2 miles down where Dan has found some sticks The others joined me at noon and we got the raft made and they started off about 4 o'clock I returned to the fork and set up my tent in a good place and made everything secure by dark Thursday Oct 6. Hudsons Hope The morning was rainy and it rained all the forenoon. I improved the time by doing some needlework washing, and in the afternoon took some specimens. Shot a muffed prairie close to the spring The wood rats have made caches I shrewdly saw a few squirrels, Cactus etc. Nettles on bushes beside the buildings and in a deserted cabin, where I caught one. Foxes also Micrortia which is abundant about this fort clearing. In the late afternoon an Indian appeared across the river and later came across in a small canoe cause he had come from Mobely Lake and was without food but as I am in nearly the same fix I could do better for him. He thinks the boat will arrive tomorrow, having heard from another Indian that she had left St Johns.

Day Oct 7. Tak a few mammals in my traps and spent the forenoon hunting for specimens and food. Saw a red fox about 1/2 mile west of the Park. In the early part of the afternoon the Students Bay Team arrived from St Johns in charge of E.H. Taylor, the post manager. He had met George and Dan yesterday morning and gave me a message. We had arranged so that I can go down in a day or two. Mr Taylor gave me the following confirmation regarding game animals. Mule Deer are sometimes killed in the nearby Nats. About 50 were killed at once on the Nats near bend Muddy Fork in Dec. 1904. The larger broadhead caribou has been seen never than the mouth of Lower Blow Lake River. Beasts used to be found in this Nats just west, but have been mostly killed off. Marmots appeared in this High Nats near the river just above The Portage. They are abundant about Faurier's Pass. He has killed a white tailed (Stornigan) at Peace River Portage in midwinter. Mule Sheep have been found in the Nats a short distance north of the Portage. 5 were thus until last winter having been spared by the Indians to increase, but were drawn out of the region by wolves. The Nats not being tough enough to afford them security. They are abundant in the region of the Faurier's Pass and in some Nats north of Clear River not being far off from the Portage (at the point Big Ross). Elk have been killed just across the river but not in recent years. one was killed 9 years ago. Timber wolves were very common 20 winters ago. They killed about 14 head of horses.

Saturday Oct 8. Hudson's Hope Took a few mammals and finished up all specimens on hard Harry in fashion but cleared broad evening and turned colder. The water excel writers in the streams from the spring (usually 4 or 5) Sunday Oct 9 Hudson Hope Took a few specimen and finished them off In the afternoon the Indians finished a raft and on 2 them is to accompany me from b Fort St John. Starting. Probably tomorrow Mr. Taylor tell, me that a Fisher will pursue a rabbit frequently and finally tire it out. He tells me that usually in winter a mouse will make a big circle, then he makes his first bed on the lee of the circle edge, and then each succeeding bed is made when the wind from his last bedding spot will strike his back. This will be headed to kill. This is usually a cover going move and always solitary.

Monday Oct 10: To 15 miles below H.Note Broke up traps and closed up everything and carrying taken everything to the isolated below where the raft was built we left about noon. Drifted down the river until sunset when we camped on the right bank. The river is bordered by poplar and pine clad terraces as above, and the only feature worthy I note are the Rock Islands back with steep sides from the river with flat tops. Took some photo and noted a number of birds not flying seen. The trees are now practically bare of leaves Tuesday Oct 11: To Fort St John We got away in good time and floated our down the river which Continued much the same. The rain was misty but at soon cleared but was rather cold. We stopped for dinner at the point where the Police Trail to Fort Graham leaves the Peace and ascends Cache Creek. Then we went on and finally reached Fort St John about an hour after dark. Found George and Dan stopping in a cabin with a prospector named Barker who has been a couple of years in the country. He spent some time on the Nelson about 150 miles above Fort Nelson Here there were caribou, sheep antler and black and grizzly bears and he joined a shed elk antler Dan and George have a large mill built on which we will float down Wood caribou are found at a point about 100 miles down with the Peace See a red fox near Cache Creek

Wednesday Oct. 12. To Belon Pine River We gbr away from Nord St John about mid-afternoon and floated down until dark, cooking and eating our supper on board, and camped on a large island. The country is similar to that above and around St John. The only notable feature was Pine River which came in with a great volume bringing down a great quantity of drift trees. Mr Beaton and Mr Barker state that a few "jumping deer" are found in its vicinity Thursday Oct 13 To D Echafaud R. Started at daylight and drifted down all day. The wind was in our faces at first but toward noon changed to west, and then became warmer. We passed Mud River at the night in the afternoon and just before camping another stream which we suppose is the above. There were few boats about today.

Alberta Friday Oct 14 To New Monument Rock Left camp early and floated Down. The wind pory came up very strong from the west, and finally about noon we had to stop on account of d. We got away again at 3 o'clock and camped at six on the left bank. We passed long stretches of granite cliffs Windy on the left where there were many nests of cliff Swallows. Saw also many nesting places of Bank Swallow. Saturday Oct. 15 To below R. Montagnais The morning was rainy but we started off, driving the forenoon it rained. Most of the time cool the afternoon was fairly pleasant The current was slack and we did not make very good time. We passed The Monument Rocks in the middle of the forenoon--and the Clearwater soon after. In the afternoon forward the R des Montagnais on the left. We camped at dusk on the right bank among some large bunches

Sunday Oct 16. To Fort Durnvegan We got away early and had good weather, though it was foggy in the morning we got to Durnvegan about 5 o'clock and after delivering our letters and having a short Celtor with the man in charge Mr Fulton we dropped down a half mile or so and camped. Durnvegan is built on a flat near the mouth of a fanzied creek. The flat where the trees are grown up 15 Aspens with some balsam poplar and a few spruces among the Phantung the white berried Symphoricar and a Crataegus arn cropleura. A grove of Acer negundo in the yard of the dwelling house were doubtless disturbed Monday Oct 17. To Below Brule River Stopped and took some pictures about the post and then floated on down. Breakfasting on the raft. The day was cloudy but not cold, and without rain; the current fair. We passed the Brule river about 238 and camped at dark on the left bank. A few miles below Durnvegan we saw a new house and many fresh signs of bearers the bank being worn by many traces along which were freshly cut branches.

Tuesday Oct 18 To Below Bricks Got away early and floated down, all day getting our mules on the raft. The afternoon was fine and warm. We had a good current and made good time reaching about 3 o'clock. We went ashore here and looked about a little. There were several farms with enclosures of a fair crop of wheat. 4 miles below is a flour mill we passed the just before dusk and camped a mile or so below Wednesday Oct 19. To Rice R. crossing. We left Camp early and floated down the river. I stopped on the left banks and looked for Mackenzie's first post. I inquired at the house of a half breed named St. Germaine and he directed me to a place a couple of miles above his place where they were the remains of an old fort. I found the place and took a picture, enquiring of Mr. George if the Kt. Men. of the Cersey and consulting Mackenzie's Map. It turns out to be not his post and Mr. George tells me it is the site of an old Y.P. Post. I visited the Cersey crew one before dinner, and found the Mr. Radford who was preferring to start down the river to Fort Smith. He has been out to Edmonton and Ottawa for a couple of months. He showed me masses & notes and sketches on the buffalo and other subjects and remained one night. We have made arrangements. To start tomorrow

Thursday Oct. 20 To 18 miles South We got away from the crossing a little before 10 o'clock, bidding Goodby to Cadford who was starting down the Perce. We had engaged an Indian to take us and baggage to Lesser Slane Lake. We climbed out of the valley, several hundred feet, and followed the valley of Heart Run for several miles and then took a southeasterly course, through thin forests of Aspen, with a little Bunchosan Pine and Balsam Poplar. Buffed ground deer Common and we shot half a Doe. We camped at dusk on the road about 16 miles out from the crossing. The day was very windy but not very cold. Friday Oct 21 To Bear Head Creek We got away in good time and continued on our way. The day was mainly cloudy but not unpleasant, and we made good time. The road lay through thin Poplar woods and we crossed one good sized clear untired Creek. We had dinner at the home of our driver, and then went on, the road being through heavier woods of Poplar with some Spruce and Balsam Pine. We camped at dusk at a stopping place said to be 40 miles from Lesser Slane Lake sleeping in a log house where Mr. Ror provided with a Lamb and Girdwood. More.

Saturday Oct 22 to Buffalo Lake We left before sunrise and drove northwards through Paplar woods. The road was not so level as formerly, and in some places a few stones showed. We saw little interest. Stopped and had dinner at the house of an Indian who lived near a lake which empties into Heart Port, which enters the Lake at this point. We got to Buffalo Lake, which connects by a wide river with Kinn Slope. Stopped at the house of our guide's son. He says that there are good caribou about here within 10 miles but they are not common. No one here remembers when buffalo were here. No knows if no jumping deer about here but his father says that they are killed about Place Rove Crimmy or just below, and a pair of horns which we saw came from 3 miles below Pore Rime Landing. A man who lives at Winagami Lake has killed 12 moose this fall within 70 days between his place and Round Lake, and another Indian named Blackburn has killed 12 near Little Prairie. Another his wife's brother has killed 1 near Whitefish Lake lately. He says moose are unusually plentiful this fall. Ruffed Grouse were very common today and we killed a number and photographed one

Sunday Oct 23 Buffalo Lake Left John Pauli place early and drive around the lake to the settlement where we camped in a building belonging to the H Bay Company, in charge of Mr Harvey. We remained indoors nearly all day and I finished up all My Specimens. Monday Oct 24 Buffalo Lake Remained in our shack. The day cold and cloudy and myself under the weather. Heard that the steamer had sunk in the river which outlets the Lake but got no details

Thursday Oct 25 Buffalo Lake Report of sinking of steamer confirmed and work started arrangements for going to Fort Lake by team. Many grizzly bear skins are traded from the valley of the Little Smoky and have been killed within a few miles of this place a few years ago Wednesday Oct 26 Buffalo Lake A clear cold day. Hiking camp except some pickups.

Thursday Oct 27. To 8 miles from Lake We got away after dinner and with John Paul as driver, we drove down through Grounds and across the bridge and down the Southern shore of the Lake mainly through meadows with scanty rills. Their meadows were fairly dry and inturiantly grassed. The road we very good. Just before dark, we reached the house of an Indian where we camped, sleeping in the house. The man had been on a hunting trip toward the Prairies and has killed. I move a red stone pipe was on the wall but they moved. not sell it as the owner was away Friday Oct 28 To Near Seven River Left at daylight and drove down the Lake The Road. Led through willow thickets for several miles and then out in the open meadows a small creek Allexan Creek. After Allexan. Mustoes who lives Blue was crossed at his house (our camping place) on a bridge In the afternoon we passed several houses. I had dinner at the house of a chief of the Creeks. In this vicinity Toward the middle of the afternoon we forded a small creek and a little Later crossed me on a Draft in charge of 700 Indians who collected 50 cent. We camped at dark near where several camps & Indians were fishing for Whitefish.

Saturday Oct 29 To Arremaw River We left soon after daylight, foraging a small creek. Then camp where some Indians were fishing. The road went then followed for a few miles through a meadow and then through woods. The left came out into a small prairie which the road forked the right hand road leading to Dava River Settlement. The left was ours and our team took Surmehim which we follow is a general way through open grassy fields for several miles and then a couple of miles through woods to the cabin, where we forded and had dinner, broke the neck yoke and had To repair it. In the afternoon we went on through woods and then struck to lake again and after shooting a wood bay came to another river. In attempting to cross at its mouth we got stuck and had to unload and camp in the willows. The day was milder than yesterday. Sunday Oct 30. To near 9-mile Creek It was nearly noon before we got the wagon out. Then we went up the creek to the lower end of an Indian where our driver, John Park spent last night. He was sick and unable to go further but had arranged to have the Indian take us through to Sawridge, where we will make other arrangements. It was mid-afternoon before we could get away. Then we followed the road which ran through a wet meadow for several miles and then skirted the very shore of a bay for a couple miles, where we camped - at dark. The day was fine and mild and the night clear and cold. We saw large numbers of Canada geese on the lake along our route.

Monday Oct.31. To Sawridge. We started soon after daylight and travelled along the lakes, when The road led over a rough Bouldery stretch for several miles. Soon after we left on camp, it started to snow and it fell steadily for several hours. Around noon we went through long stretches of wet meadows and in the early afternoon reached Mud Creek. Where we we had to carry our baggage across a foot bridge and then swim the horses and drag the wagon through the stream. Then we went on and crossed another smaller mud creek, and a couple of miles beyond reached Sawridge which was on the farther side of the river. We took our stuff across in a small dugout. The N.Bay store was in charge of Mooney. We slept in an unfinished house. Tuesday Nov 1. To Norris Landing We had made partial arrangements to go to Norris Landing by Steam but a York boat bound for the place came over the lake and we embarked on her. The river was very winding with a slow current and lots grassy or miller-cornered banks. We saw little of interest along the river and reached Norris Landing about 8 o'clock and camped in a house. Made arrangements to arrive at Norris Landing in the morning along with 3 men who came down on the York boat J.B. Square Briggs, Arthur Golden, Percy J. Square Briggs

Wednesday Nov 2. To Mirror Landing We started early in the forenoon with a team which carried our baggage, while we walked as at our more comfortable. It started to snow soon after we left and continued to fall all day making about 5 miles. The road was a fair one with bridges on the creeks and followed the river rather closely. Growing chinooks, Poplar woods with some Bunkian pine and spruce. Some wrecked tracks in several places. The river was running ice all day. The river has been dredged and built up with wing dams to facilitate navigation. But the river carries so little water that the Northland Ball can ascend it only when light and the water is right. The Midnight Sun has never been up. The old Athabasca went up to the Lake only once, ni very high water The steamer on the Lesser Slave lake, the Northland Right Thursday Nov 3. Mirror Landing The Northland Ball arrived during the forenoon with J.K. Cornwallis on board. He is to lay up the steamer here as usual and go down in small boats, but it is doubtful if we can get one large enough to carry us. Snow fell during the day

Friday. Nov. 4. To Moose Portage The beat party left about the middle of the forenoon but we concluded to go by team we could not get away until after dinner. Then we took the road from the Athabasca. It led through pine and then poplar woods and through several prairies where there were haystacks. We walked practically all the way and reached Moose Portage shortly after dark. Distance about 14 miles. Saturday Nov 5 To Fish Camp. Made a good start and left The road which led through spruce and poplar woods The road was bad and we could make but slow time we reached the so called Fish Camp where whitefish are brought out from Calling Lake in winter to be shipped to Edmonton. Moose Tracks Seen.

Sunday Nov 6 To 10 miles below Made a good start and went out to the main road about 2 miles. and after going a couple of miles farther we lost a wheel, and went back for the sled, which the boy had exchanged for a wagon We had dinner before leaving and then went on over a rough road until nearly dark when we camped near a small stream. The evening was Clear though it rained a good deal during the day Son many Rock Langours and Jacks. Rabbit Trocks Common also Monday Nov 7. To Jochman's low Left our camp shortly before 9 o'clock and followed the road through woods until nearly dark when we reached the place of an Indian named Joshtripe on the river bank. Here we stopped in the house and as we were short of provision made arrangements to get supper and breakfast at the camp of some road building people. Saw a deer nearly all day. and no work about fuchs, dup. Son Trocks & mule deer soon after clearing our turning camp

Thursday Nov 8. To Athabaska Landing Left at 7.30 and climbed the Lull Torrid Athabaska Landing The route led through a muskeg and then through Poplar and willow woods for several miles, about 15 miles from our stopping place we passed a pond on our right and then some small meadows, near which there was a new house without a tenant. We had dinner here and left at 2.30. The boys then led through a pine thicket for about three miles and then through a piece of oats for a mile or two to the bank of the Athabasca opposite the Landing. The ice had jammed about 2 hours before and we were unable to cross. We were kindly offered the use of a house by a Mrs. Berry, whose husband was across the river unable to get over. Wed. Nov 9 Atha. Landing Dan crossed the river in the morning and shortly after the last of the boys went over. I remained until 8 o'clock evening when they came back and we all crossed to the Landing side taking a boat with many old friends. Here. Put up at the Hotel.

Thursday Nov 10. Althea. Dan and I crossed again early and packed over the rest of our baggage, excepting a few papers, and George took the bulk of it to Edmonton. Friday Nov 11 To Eggers Dan and I with the rest of the party with whom we had travelled from Lower Slave Lake, Squarebriggs Tom and A. Golder, left on the Edmonton stage. They had dinner at Lomis 21 miles out, and I went down to Whitley's about a mile back where I had dinner. We went on after dinner, reaching Eggers shortly after dark, where we stopped for the night

152 Sat. Nov 12 In Edmonton Reached Edmonton about 6 in the evening 153 Sunday Nov. 13 Edmonton Remained at Edmonton Called on Miss Katherine Hughes and passed a very pleasant evening talking over the Northwest.

Mon Nov 14 Edmonton Visited the Govt buildings and went over some books in the Provincial Library in charge of Mr Blund George left on afternoon train I could not get away on account of having to ship specimens etc. and have to remain until I can get George's money from the Vancouver Bank to pay due. Tuesday Nov 15 Edmonton Seemed not get the money and so had to stay. Put in some time in the Provincial Library. Shipped specimens and Camp equipment to Washington by freight.

Wednesday Nov. 16. In Calgary Got Money from Imperine Bank and Wrote $420. on account Left Strathcona in afternoon Rain much Calgary in late evening Thursday Nov 17 Left Calgary in early morning

Friday Nov 18 Reached Winnipeg about 3 o'clock. Went up to H.B. Office when I met Mr Hall now in Charge of Fur Trade also Ted Camore who is assisting him. Left Mills came in and in the afternoon we looked up Mr Mac Farlane. Had a talk with him in the afternoon and another in the evening. Saturday Nov 19 7.6.1 H.William Left Winnipeg at 5.25 En route for home via Ottawa

Sunday Nov 20 Inign Bay Rode all day along the N shore of Lake Superior Saw a Hawk Owl near Missanabie. Reached North Bay in late evening. Monday Nov 21. Reached Ottawa in early morning cleared baggage and went To Geological Survey Offices. Saw Mr. Mccormick the director, Mr. Birch, Charles Cunsell and Mr. R.E. Young

Bluebirds 34, 68 Ruffed Grouse, 63 Magpie 63 Meadow Lark 68 White Ptarmigan 115

Bear, black 29, 52, 70, 77, 92. 101, 108, 119. grizzly 40, 54, 56/101, 110, 119, 134. Beaver, 61, 92, 94, 96, 103, 105, 106, 125 Bearton, Luce Charlotte, 21. Caribou, Mt. 40, 42, 44, 45, 50, 56 58, 59, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 69, 70, 72, 76, 82, 83, 100, 114, 119 Caribou, wood. 114, 130 Chipmunk 61, 64, 82 51, 52. Citellus 50, 56, 58, 64, 65, 82, 102, 103. Coyote, 102-146 Deer, mule, 120, 130, 147 beechtail 102 Elk. 100, 115, 119 Fox, Mt. 57, 114, 119, 146 " Silverblack 34 Hisher, 117 Goats. 40, 43, 45, 47, 51, 56, 101, 102 108, 114 Marten 34 51, 52. Marmot, Lary 50, 56, 58, 64, 69, 72, 82, 102 103, 110, 114. Marmot (M. canadensis) 102 Moose 45, 47, 56, 58, 61, 62, 71, 72, 76, 89. 94, 103, 117, 119, 129, 131, 136, 145 Muskrat. 35, 75, 96. Neovison 39 93, 41. Ochotona 43, 47, 57, 59, 75, 83 Porcupine 43, 47, 57, 59, 75, 83 Rabbits 71, 86, 92, 93, 96, 1146 Sheep 33, 35, 38, 40, 45, 50, 58, 81, 100, 102, 115, 119. Squirrel 61, 75, 84, 89, 92-105. Weasel 142 Wolves, 41, 58, 115 Woodrats 62, 86, 93, 102, 113

Pinus Picea Abies Juniperus Triglychim Sagittaria Veratrum Streptopus Erio Leytipidium Calypso Populus Salix Betula Corylus Alnus Stellaria Arenaria Pulicella Ranunculus Corydalis Sedum Parmassia Saxifraga Ribes Rubus Daucophora Fragaria Argentinia Potentilla Quam Rosa Andrachier Prunus Rupinus Aragallus Neparam Vicia Pathyrus Geontheus Viola Elacagnis Chargyra Ephidobium Pygula Larassopa Phyllodace Empetrum Kalnia Andromeda Arelostaphylo Vacuum Primula Gentiana Menganthus Apocynum Mertensia Kastelleja Pinguicula Plantago Viburnum Linncea Lonicera Symplonichium Campanula Antimaria Artemisia Senecio Hieraceum Taraxacum Olerus Odocoileus Alces Rangifer Ovis Orano Sciuropterus Scimus Eutamias Citellus Calloiperomphelus Mammoto Castor Permypecus Hectoma Ecostomys Microtus Phenacomys Lemmus Synaptomys Fibra Thomomyis Zapus Erthigon Ochotona Sylvilagus Lepus Falis Lynx Canis Vulpes Uroho Mephitis Mustella Pattosin Lutresta Lutra Zones Neovison Nupotis Lasimyeteris Eptesicus Lacirus

8431

Sheep in Wts south & end of Babine 10 or 12 years ago by a deputy now At Crownmont Pass. A 13 mile Caribou on range near Lakeside Creek & Lake as a rally of the Byometz 4 20 miles N y Dyr Caribou near low branch, on Tumble 2,000-3,000 sheep Nts below Nesley & Cham Creek Somnias McLane Creek a favng Palliser BC Albat at Kitizlas for Caribou Naren Branch Chilcotin (4 71 to Chilcotin) Schiller Lake y south & Gunn Creek but West of Big Creek. I write in Chilcotin valley and other valleys & Seton Lake etc On sheep seen N.y with 2 No 2,9,10,3 creek n Sechuk Sheep N y Kaggan Alb. (Cross) The Case of the Peace Road Gun in Canada Jun, 1913 Road Guillain Fired 4 Stream Feb. 1913

Reed met Raeford