Field notes, v1470

Marshall, Joseph T.
Unknown
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley
Original Source
Source Material:
Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY Vol. 260
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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from CLIR https://archive.org/details/fieldnotesv147000mars
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Marshall, J. T., Jr. 1938-1940, 1941 Catalog of Specimens, complete for Jan. 1939-Dec. 1940 " " to Dec. 1941 Summer field notes: Otus flammeolus } 1938- Otus trichopsis } 1939 Arizona: Coconino Co. May-June, 1939 Washington July-August, 1939 Tulare Co.; Calif.: Whitaker Forest November 1939
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Marshall, J.T., Jr. Catalog of Specimens, complete for Jan. 3, 1939, to Dec. 31, 1940 #590 - 1147
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Marshall, 1939 Catalog 3 mi. N Seligman, 5700 ft., Coconino Co., Arizona May 23, 1939 650 ♂ poorwill full stomach: moths May 26, 1939 651 ♂ virgo 3 mi N Seligman, 6000 ft., Coconino County, Arizona May 27, 1939 652 ♂ poorwill full stomach: moths 653 ♂ poorwill full stomach: moths Top of Aubrey Cliffs, 6500 ft., 15 mi NW Seligman, Coconino Co., Ariz. May 28, 1939 654 ♂ Empidinae 10 mi N Ashfork, 6000 ft., Coconino Co., Ariz. May 29, 1939 655 ♂ Otus asio full stom: Jerusalem Crickets + 1 deer mouse May 30, 1939 656 ♂ Otus asio full stom. Jerus. Crickets & deer mouse
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Marshall, 1939 Catalog 1 1/2 mi W Flagstaff , 7000 ft. Coconino Co. Arizona 9 PM June 1, 1939 657 ♀ Otus flammeolus skin + body in alc. + stomach contents! 2 AM June 2, 1939 658 ♂ Otus flammeolus skin + body in alc. + stomach contents.
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Marshall, 1939 Catalog 4 mi N Patagonia, 4500 ft., Santa Cruz Co, Arizona July 15, 1939 659 ♂ Baeolophus 660 ♂ Rufous- s parrow 661 Jay soiled) 662 jay jay July 16, 1939 soiled) 663 jay Lucey Warbler 664 ♂ Red-eyed Cowbird iris red 665 ♂ Myiarchus 666 ♀ Poorwill 667 ♂ Otus trichopsis July 17, 1939 668 ♂ Myiarchus cinerascens soiled) 669 ♂ Cassin kingbird 670 ♂ Pipilo 671 ♂ Dryobates 672 ♂ thrasher iris yellow 5 mi E Flagstaff, Coconino Co, Arizona July 18, 1939 ↑ 673 ♂ imm Falco sparverius pickup ac5969 16 mi. N Redding, Shasta Co, Calif. July 24, 1939 674 ♂ Otus flam asio - stomach full lg. insects
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Manassas, VA Catalog 4 mi N Potomac, 4500 ft. Dents Camp D, Virginia July 12, 1939 ♀ Brasolopina 629 ♂ Rufusana 620 ♂ (led) July 16 1939 Red-eyed Cardinal in red ♀ 620 Magnanana ♀ 622 Dorothy? ♀ 624 Otro Trichogama ♂ 625 July 17, 1939 Margarina sphenarumna ♂ 628 ♂ ♀ Fipila 050 Dyubata 671 Therida 672 in yellow 5 mi E Flagstaff, Arizona D. Virginia July 18, 1939 ♀ min Falsa spinnervina picta 675 10 mi N Phoenix, Maricopa Co., Calif. July 24, 1939 ♂ Otro Phormio auro 677 ♀ nana
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41. 7 mi. E & 5 mi. S Dipie, 4300 ft., Walla Walla Co., Wash. July 26, 1939 675 juv. Hylocichla guttata 27g skull 1-layered 676 ♀ Regulus satrapa 4.4g skull 1-layered 677 juv. Chestnut-backed Chickadee 9.5g 678-A ♂ juv. " " " 9.1g skull 1-layered 678-B Black-capped Chickadee alc. Staywhile Spring, 5150 ft., Blue Mts, Columbia Co., Wash. July 26, 1939 679 ♂ Microtus 190-65-25-9 62.0g 680 ♂ Otus flammeolus skin 12 o'clock + body skel + stomach contents July 27, 1939 681 ♂ Canada Jay 78.8g. 682 ♂ Dryobates (illegible) villosum July 28, 1939 683 ♂ skull 1-layered Hammond Flycatcher 11.3g coll. by J. Chattin July 27, 1939 684 ♀ Canada Jay 65.5g. Wildcat Spring, 2 mi. W Godman Spring Ranger Station, Columbia Co., Wash. July 28, 1939 685 ♂ Entomias 205-95-32-17 45.5g. 686 ♂ Peromyscus 173-82-21-17 20.5g.
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Marshall, 1939 Catalog 5,000 ft Blue Mts 9 mi NE Staywhile Spring, Columbia Co., Wash. July 27, 1939 687 ♀ Otus flammeolus skin + body skel + stom. cont. 10 mi NE Staywhile Spring, Columbia Co., Wash. July 29, 1939 688 ♂ Otus flammeolus skin + body skel + stom. cont. 1 mi W Staywhile Sp., 5300 ft., Columbia Co., Wash. 689 Junco 17.3 g. 690 Passerella iliaca schistacea 37.8 g 691 Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii 23.5 g. [ERHALL # 5594] July 28, 1939 ♀ Lazy Lazionycterus noctivagans 9.8 g. July 29, 1939 692 imm Warbler (Calaveras) 8.2 g. 5 mi NW Albee Umatilla Co., Ore July 29, 1939 10:00 PM 693 ♂ Otus flammeolus 50.0 g NE edge Alkali Lake, 4200 ft., Lake Co., Ore. July 30, 1939 694 ♂ Phalaenoptilus nuttalli 49.1 g. July 31, 1939 695 ♂ Dipodomys microps 263-154-41-12 54.0 g 696 ♂ Microdipodops 154-84-24-9 13.5 g 697 ♂ " 167-94-26-11 13.9 g 698 ♀ " 144-77-24-10 14.5 g 699 ♀ " 147-74-24-10 15.1 g 2 mi E Vinton, ft., Plumas Co., Calif. August 1, 1939 700 ♂ Eutamia 197-93-29-15 33.8 g.
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Marshall, 1939 Catalog Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. August 2 701 ♂ Thamnophis coll. by Leon Horn N side Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif August 11 702 Coluber constrictor 1800 ft Rock Spring, S slope Mt Tamalpais, Marin Co., Calif. August 13 1 feather acc.5933 703 Cryptoglaux acadica coll. by F.m & V.Muenler Ariary, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. October 4 Acc. 5965 704 ♀ Columbigallina minuta coll. E.W.Gifford 31.6g Strawberry Canyon, 200 ft., Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. October 7 acc.5969 705 ♂ Regulus satrapa skull (1-layer) 5.8g Morwood Rd., Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. October 10 706 ♂ Parzarella iliaca coll by mrs.Allen brought in by Mrs.V.Miller 42.5g Huichica Cr., 200 ft., 4 ½ mi W, 2¾ mi S Napa, Napa Co., Calif. "NAPA" hereafter defined as Junction of Napa Cr. & Napa R. October 20 707 ♂? Ad Melospiza melodia shrubbery in yard-around lawn very fat 23.0g. 708 ♂ Ad " " shrubbery in yard - under his oak not fat 20.79. this means 6¼ mi downstream W Bank Napa R., 6¼ mi S Napa (mouth Napa Cr.), Napa Co., Calif. 709 imm Melospiza-melodia Barchario beside slough (salt water) not fat 17.8g. 710 imm " " tule Barchairs " " beside slough (salt water) 17.0g.
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Marshall, 1939 Catalog Co, Calif. W side Napa R., 8 1/2 mi S, 2 1/2 mi W Napa (mouth Napa Cr.) Napa October 20 tules along salt H2O slough 711 ♂ Ad Melospiza melodia not fat 18.5g 712 Imm " " " 18.8g 713 Imm " " " 17.9g 714 Imm " " " 16.6g 715 Imm " " " 18.2g 716 ♂ tules visible shull roof " not yet dotted " " 17.8g measured ← E bank Napa R., 5 3/4 mi. S Napa (mouth Napa Cr.) Napa Co, Calif. downstream contrary 717 ♂ Ad Melospiza melodia salt-water marsh not fat 19.6g. 718 ♂ Ad " " tules, Salicornia " 19.3g. 719 ♀ Ad " " Baccharis weeds " " 19.4g. 720 ♀ Ad " " " " 17.0g. Krichica Cr., 200 ft., 4 1/2 mi. W, 2 3/4 mi S Napa, Napa Co, Calif. 721 ♂ Ad Sayornis saya (measured downstream) 22.0g. E bank Napa R., 5 3/4 mi. S Napa (mouth Napa Cr.), Napa Co, Calif. October 21 722 Ad ♂ Melospiza melodia Salicornia not fat caught in mouse trap (oct) 17.0g 723 ♂ Ad " " Salicornia " caught in mousetrap (oats) 17.9g Krichica Cr., 200 ft., 4 1/2 mi W, 2 3/4 mi S Napa, Napa Co, Calif. shrubbery around yard. 724 ♂ Imm Melospiza melodia not fat 20.0g. 100ft; 5 mi SW napa , Napa Co., Calif. 725 ♂ Sayornis saya 22.6 g. mouth Krichica Cr., 3 1/2 mi W (mi S Napa(mouth Napa Cr.) Napa Co. 726 ad Melospiza melodia Wild Barley not all fat marshes 19.0g 727 ♀ ad " " Wild Barley " 20.0g. 728 ♂ Imm. " " Baccharis " 19.4g.
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Marshall, Joe 1939 Catalog Krichnia Cr., 200 ft., 4¼ mi W 2¾ mi S Napa, Napa Co. Calif. October 21 729 ♂ Otus asio 138.5 g W side Napa R., 8½ mi S, 2½ mi W Napa (mouth Napa Cr.), Napa Co. Calif. October 20 730 Imm. (skull) Carpodacus mexicanus Wend Life Science Bldg., U.C. Berkeley, Alameda Co, Calif. October 26 au. 5984 731 ♂ Spectyto emiccularia fat 170 g aviary; Piedmont, Alameda Co, Calif. October 28, 1939 kidneys minute au. 5984 732 ♂ Geotrygon versicolor coll. M.R. Blankenship 160 g. Alcorn ranch, 4 mi W Fallon, 4000 ft, Churchill Co, Nevada October 14 page 6002 733 ♂ Colaptes cafer 734 Imm. Melospiza melodia 735 ♂ Imm. " " 736 Ad " " coll. J.R. Alcorn acc. 6002 November 13 737 ♂ Accipiter velox " " 738 Krichnia Cr. 200 ft., 4¼ mi W 2¾ mi S Napa, Napa Co, Calif. November 17 739 ♂ Phalaenoptilus nuttalli coll. W Longhurst 47.0 g. E bank Napa R., 5¾ mi S Napa (mouth Napa Cr.), Napa Co. Calif. 740 ♀ Asio flammeus coll. W. Longhurst saw one week before
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Marshall, 1939 Catalog Napa Slough, 6 1/2 mi ssw Napa (mouth Napa Cr.), Napa Co. Calif. November 17 741 ♀ Azio flammeus coll. W Longhurst Aleorn ranch, 4 mi. W Fallon, 400ft.; Churchill Co. Nevada November 22 acc. 6014 742 Imm Melospiza melodia} coll. J.H. Aleorn 20.5g acc. 6014 743 " " 22.3g Keith Street, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. November 21 acc. 6016 found dead in Eakin's yard. coll. E.M. Eakin 744 Cranium opaque, but not dotted Passerella iliaca 24.5g San Pablo Creek, Contra Costa Co., Calif. (4 1/2 mi. from mouth) December 14, 1939 (all for this day arranged in order from thills to San Pablo Marsh) 745 Ad ♀ Melospiza melodia very fat 17g under Buckeyes Oaks 746 Ad ♂ " " 18.13g. in willow thickets " and blackberry vine tangles along stream. 747 Ad ♀ " " fat San Pablo Creek, Contra Costa Co., Calif. (3 mi from mouth) 748 Ad ♂ Melospiza melodia foraging in leaves under Buckeyes along stream 18.4g might be one of above 3 or those below due to loosing of label. Wildcat Creek, San Pablo Contra Costa Co., Calif. (1 1/2 mi from mouth) 749 ? Melospiza melodia 18.0g foraging amid in Wild Buckey near willows 750 ? " " 16.8g. willows vine tangle other. North San Pablo Creek, Contra Costa Co., Calif. (willows at mouth) 751 ♂ Melospiza melodia in weed field near willows 752 ♀ " " 15.2 g. (at 1st cattails in creek) 753 Imm ♀ " " morphna 22.1g. (In willows) fat 754 Ad ♀? " " 20.0g. " " 755 ♂ " " 18.0g. " " 756 Ad ♀ " " 15.5g. " " 757 Ad ♂ " " 16.0g.
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Marshall, 1939 47. Catalog Salt Marsh, San Pablo Marsh, Contra Costa Co., Calif (at mouth San Pablo Creek) December 14, 1939 758 ♂ Melospiza melodia { weeds along start of 16.7g. 759 Ad ♂ " " salt tho slough 16.5g. 760 Ad ♂ " " ? Baccharis at edge slough 18.5g. 761 Ad ♂ " " 20.0g. 762 Jm ♀? " " Tules near, slough 19.0g. Luis & Mulford Landing 2 ½ mi ssw San Leandro, Alameda Co., Calif. December 27, 1939 763 ♂ Melospiza melodia} coll C.G. Libley 17.0g. 764 ♀? " " {Tule marsh? " 18.0g. L.D.O., U.C. Campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. 765 ♂ Hylocichla guttata picked up by Miss Frances Carter 28.0g. Napa Co. Calif. December 1939 skeleton W.Longhurst 766 ♂ Phalacrocorax a. albociliatus W.Longhurst University Farm, Davis, Yolo Co., Calif. December 31, 1939 767 ♀ Colaptes auratus J.T. Emlen McKay (Radio Station, w coast (opp. San Bruno) San Mateo C. January 17, 1940 768 Saporio Saga G. Bolander Happy Valley, 2 mi. W Lafayette, Contra Costa Co., Calif. January 19, 1940 769 ad Abo Landus ludovicianus
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350 462 788 315 210 300 [illegible] 191 150 300 [illegible] 152 300 [illegible] 150 250 [illegible] 150 [illegible] 160 [illegible] 300 480 [illegible] 300 [illegible] 190 170 [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]
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Marshall, 1940 Catalog Isabel \frac{1}{2}-mi. E Fleming Pt., Contra Costa Co., Calif. (Salt marsh, junction S.P.R.R. and rd. to Isabel Pt.) February 24 Grindelia along sloughs 770 \varphi Melospiza melodia pair coll J. Chatti ne RR crossing 20.5g 771 \varphi " " 17.0g. 772 \varphi " " coll J. Chatti se of crossing 18.5g. 773 \varphi " " se of crossing 19.7g. Inside El Cerrito Knoll, Alameda Co., Calif. (Salt marsh, W side S.P.R.R tracks) Feb. 24 774 \varphi Melospiza melodia on wire above Baccharis bush or wild mustard grass 8.0g. 775 \varphi " " pair 5 yds from Oklahoma under Baccharis 17.0g. (Hills SW) Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. March 1, 1940 (North-east slope opposite Richmond freight Harbor) 776 \varphi 9.4 Melospiza melodia singing in Baccharis above road 18g. 777 \varphi t=8 " chasing another " " " 20.5g. 778 \varphi t=6 " " " " " Elev. = 50-100' N.S. 257, 258, 259, 260 other 3 sea level all singing \varphi\varphi 19.5g. (Four more taken by Red Stone) in Baccharis & Wild Carduy (Slough SW Cerrito) Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. (south-west of Cerrito) 779 \varphi Melospiza m. singing salicornia overy 5mm 17.6g. 780 \varphi a 4.5 " " slough Grindelia along slough 781 \varphi t=8 " " weeds stubs Grindelia along slough (Red Stone 261, 262 singing in Baccharis at bridge) Stege, Contra Costa Co., Calif. (tule marsh at edge of bay) 782 \varphi Melospiza melodia t=8 Tules in salt marsh singing 783 \varphi " " ov. 6 Tules in salt-march Marsh between Stege & Isabel Pt., Contra Costa Co., Calif. March 8 784 Melospiza melodia mate of 785 foraging in Tules farther south 785 " " mate of 784 in Grindelia near
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Marshall, 1940 Catalog March between Steg's & Isabel St. Contra Costa Co., Calif. March 8, 1940 786 786 Melospiza melodia Grindelia at Salt marsh (San Pablo Cr.) San Pablo Marsh Contra Costa Co., Calif. March 8, 1940 787 Melospiza m. } pair at edge of marsh in Salicornia 788 " " at edge marsh in sm. tree 789 " " 790 " " mostly in Salicornia - a few in 791 " " tules 792 " " Salt marsh 793 " " 794 " " San Pablo Creek, Contra Costa Co., Calif. (willows at mouth) 795 { pair 796 " " 797 " " Willcat Creek, Contra Costa Co., Calif. (willows at mouth) 798 " " Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. March 16, 1940 hillside & Strawberry Pool. Blackberry tangles 799 ♂ Melospiza melodia 18.5g. U.C. Campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. March 16, 1940 (Harland Hall) 800 ♂ Melospiza melodia scrubby at edge lawn 20.3g. 2629 College Avenue, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. March 19 nest from Miss Smith's nest with 2 eggs 801 Nest of Saltriparus minimus in Joshua tree on parking (over)
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Nest in the joshua-tree-like member of the lily family; Cordyline australis Fors
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Marshall, 1940 50. Catalog U.S. Campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. March 25 802 ♀ Melospiza melodia coll. A.L. Wolfson dried, stained 12.5 g. March 27
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Marshall, 1940 Catalog South Vallejo salt marsh Islano Co. Calif. April 7 819 ♂ melospiza melodia} 820 ♂ "" " " 821 ♀ "" Tules in salt marsh Southampton Bay marsh Islano Co. Calif. 822 ♂ melospiza melodia} 823 ♂ "" " " 824 ♀ "" Grindelia, Salicornia Tules - all at salt marsh 825 ♀ "" " " Benicia Arsenal (salt marsh on S side), Islano Co. Calif. 826 ♂ melospiza melodia} 827 ♂ "" " " 828 ♂ "" all in Tules at edge Carrining straits saltmarsh north Sulphur Springs Valley, Islano Co. Calif. 829 ♂ Melospiza melodia} 830 ♂ "" Shrubbery along RR bank crossing Salicornia & tule marshes, Tules in outlet Lake Herman, Sulphur Springs Valley, Islano Co. Cal. 831 ♂ Melospiza melodia} 832 ♂ "" Tules & Shrubbery at Entrance of stream into L. Herman. Fresh-water. U.C. Campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co. Calif. May 4 833 ♀ brood patch Carpodacus mexicanus brood patch brain, & ovaries saved in borins for Goody. Berkeley Aquatic Park, Alameda Co. Calif. May 2, 1940 834 ♀ Gavia stellata
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Marshall, 1940 834 May 2 Catalog Elbank Napa R., 5 3/4 S Napa, Napa Co. Calif. May 5 ex 6218 835 skel Elanus leucurus picked up at foot of oak nesting tree on 1st d. S Bull d. Wing 12" tail 7 1/2" June Lake, Mono Co., Calif. April 25 ex 6219 836 ♂ Pandion skin + body skel. brought to MVZ by Alton Hipson, who had attempted to mount the skin. Found shot by A. Attwood, Asst Game Warden, & turned over to Gus Nordquist, who gave the bird to Hipson. ex 6223 May 12 skel 837 ♂ Pipilo maculatus skeleton
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Marshall, 1940 Catalog 1st Ld. s Bull Ld., Napa Co., Calif. may 5 skel 835 Elanus leucurus skel foot & oak picked up at meat & tree by Wm. Longhurst. June Lake, Mono Co., Calif. April 25 skin & skel 836 ♂ Pandion skin + body skull. body skel Pick-up by A. Attwood Game Warden. 20 Sunset Drive, Berkeley, Contra Costa Co., Calif. may 13 1940 skel. 837 ♂ Pipilo maculatus au. 6223 skel banded Rodeo Creek, Contra Costa Co., Calif. may 13 838 ♂ Melospiza melodia 839 ♂ " " 840 ♂ " " 841 ♂ " " 842 ♂ " " 843 ♂ " " 844 ♀ " " 845 ♀ " " 846 jwr " " Canada del Cierro, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 847 ♂ " " 848 ♂ " " 849 ♂ " " 850 ♂ " "
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Marshall, 1940 Catalog Canada del Cierbo, Contra Costa Co., Calif. May 13, 1940 851 ♀ Melospiza melodia 852 ♀ Lake Kerman, Sulphur Springs Valley, Solano Co. 853 ♂ " " 854 ♂ .. 855 ♂ ,, .. 856 ♂ " " 857 ♂ . .. 858 ♂ " " 859 ♀ " " 860 ♀ " " 861 ♀ " " 862 ♀ Cordelia, Solano Co., Calif. (Fresh Water marsh) 863 ♂ " " 864 ♂ .. .. 3 mi. SE Cordelia, Solano Co., Calif. (Salt marsh 865 ♂ " " 866 ♂ ,, .. 867 ♂ . .. 868 ♂ " " 869 ♂ " " 870 ♂ .. .. Green Valley Cr., Solano Co., Calif. (4 1/2 mi. N NW 871 ♂ Cordelia) 872 Diadophis
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{ "text": "\" \" \" \" \" 828\n\" \" \" \" \" 827\n\" \" \" \" \" 826\n\" \" \" \" \" 825\n\" \" \" \" \" 824\n\" \" \" \" \" 823\n\" \" \" \" \" 822\n\" \" \" \" \" 821\n\" \" \" \" \" 820\n\" \" \" \" \" 819\n\" \" \" \" \" 818\n\" \" \" \" \" 817\n\" \" \" \" \" 816\n\" \" \" \" \" 815\n\" \" \" \" \" 814\n\" \" \" \" \" 813\n\" \" \" \" \" 812\n\" \" \" \" \" 811\n\" \" \" \" \" 810\n\" \" \" \" \" 809\n\" \" \" \" \" 808\n\" \" \" \" \" 807\n\" \" \" \" \" 806\n\" \" \" \" \" 805\n\" \" \" \" \" 804\n\" \" \" \" \" 803\n\" \" \" \" \" 802\n\" \" \" \" \" 801\n\" \" \" \" \" 800\n\" \" \" \" \" 799\n\" \" \" \" \" 798\n\" \" \" \" \" 797\n\" \" \" \" \" 796\n\" \" \" \" \" 795\n\" \" \" \" \" 794\n\" \" \" \" \" 793\n\" \" \" \" \" 792\n\" \" \" \" \" 791\n\" \" \" \" \" 790\n\" \" \" \" \" 789\n\" \" \" \" \" 788\n\" \" \" \" \" 787\n\" \" \" \" \" 786\n\" \" \" \" \" 785\n\" \" \" \" \" 784\n\" \" \" \" \" 783\n\" \" \" \" \" 782\n\" \" \" \" \" 781\n\" \" \" \" \" 780\n\" \" \" \" \" 779\n\" \" \" \" \" 778\n\" \" \" \" \" 777\n\" \" \" \" \" 776\n\" \" \" \" \" 775\n\" \" \" \" \" 774\n\" \" \" \" \" 773\n\" \" \" \" \" 772\n\" \" \" \" \" 771\n\" \" \" \" \" 770\n\" \" \" \" \" 769\n\" \" \" \" \" 768\n\" \" \" \" \" 767\n\" \" \" \" \" 766\n\" \" \" \" \" 765\n\" \" \" \" \" 764\n\" \" \" \" \" 763\n\" \" \" \" \" 762\n\" \" \" \" \" 761\n\" \" \" \" \" 760\n\" \" \" \" \" 759\n\" \" \" \" \" 758\n\" \" \" \" \" 757\n\" \" \" \" \" 756\n\" \" \" \" \" 755\n\" \" \" \" \" 754\n\" \" \" \" \" 753\n\" \" \" \" \" 752\n\" \" \" \" \" 751\n\" \" \" \" \" 750\n\" \" \" \" \" 749\n\" \" \" \" \" 748\n\" \" \" \" \" 747\n\" \" \" \" \" 746\n\" \" \" \" \" 745\n\" \" \" \" \" 744\n\" \" \" \" \" 743\n\" \" \" \" \" 742\n\" \" \" \" \" 741\n\" \" \" \" \" 740\n\" \" \" \" \" 739\n\" \" \" \" \" 738\n\" \" \" \" \" 737\n\" \" \" \" \" 736\n\" \" \" \" \" 735\n\" \" \" \" \" 734\n\" \" \" \" \" 733\n\" \" \" \" \" 732\n\" \" \" \" \" 731\n\" \" \" \" \" 730\n\" \" \" \" \" 729\n\" \" \" \" \" 728\n\" \" \" \" \" 727\n\" \" \" \" \" 726\n\" \" \" \" \" 725\n\" \" \" \" \" 724\n\" \" \" \" \" 723\n\" \" \" \" \" 722\n\" \" \" \" \" 721\n\" \" \" \" \" 720\n\" \" \" \" \" 719\n\" \" \" \" \" 718\n\" \" \" \" \" 717\n\" \" \" \" \" 716\n\" \" \" \" \" 715\n\" \" \" \" \" 714\n\" \" \" \" \" 713\n\" \" \" \" \" 712\n\" \" \" \" \" 711\n\" \" \" \" \" 710\n\" \" \" \" \" 709\n\" \" \" \" \" 708\n\" \" \" \" \" 707\n\" \" \" \" \" 706\n\" \" \" \" \" 705\n\" \" \" \" \" 704\n\" \" \" \" \" 703\n\" \" \" \" \" 702\n\" \" \" \" \" 701\n\" \" \" \" \" 700\n\" \" \" \" \" 699\n\" \" \" \" \" 698\n\" \" \" \" \" 697\n\" \" \" \" \" 696\n\" \" \" \" \" 695\n\" \" \" \" \" 694\n\" \" \" \" \" 693\n\" \" \" \" \" 692\n\" \" \" \" \" 691\n\" \" \" \" \" 690\n\" \" \" \" \" 689\n\" \" \" \" \" 688\n\" \" \" \" \" 687\n\" \" \" \" \" 686\n\" \" \" \" \" 685\n\" \" \" \" \" 684\n\" \" \" \" \" 683\n\" \" \" \" \" 682\n\" \" \" \" \" 681\n\" \" \" \" \" 680\n\" \" \" \" \" 679\n\" \" \" \" \" 678\n\" \" \" \" \" 677\n\" \" \" \" \" 676\n\" \" \" \" \" 675\n\" \" \" \" \" 674\n\" \" \" \" \" 673\n\" \" \" \" \" 672\n\" \" \" \" \" 671\n\" \" \" \" \" 670\n\" \" \" \" \" 669\n\" \" \" \" \" 668\n\" \" \" \" \" 667\n\" \" \" \" \" 666\n\" \" \" \" \" 665\n\" \" \" \" \" 664\n\" \" \" \" \" 663\n\" \" \" \" \" 662\n\" \" \" \" \" 661\n\" \" \" \" \" 660\n\" \" \" \" \" 659\n\" \" \" \" \" 658\n\" \" \" \" \" 657\n\" \" \" \" \" 656\n\" \" \" \" \" 655\n\" \" \" \" \" 654\n\" \" \" \" \" 653\n\" \" \" \" \" 652\n\" \" \" \" \" 651\n\" \" \" \" \" 650\n\" \" \" \" \" 649\n\" \" \" \" \" 648\n\" \" \" \" \" 647\n\" \" \" \" \" 646\n\" \" \" \" \" 645\n\" \" \" \" \" 644\n\" \" \" \" \" 643\n\" \" \" \" \" 642\n\" \" \" \" \" 641\n\" \" \" \" \" 640\n\" \" \" \" \" 639\n\" \" \" \" \" 638\n\" \" \" \" \" 637\n\" \" \" \" \" 636\n\" \" \" \" \" 635\n\" \" \" \" \" 634\n\" \" \" \" \" 633\n\" \" \" \" \" 632\n\" \" \" \" \" 631\n\" \" \" \" \" 630\n\" \" \" [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]
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Marshall, 1940 Catalog 2 mi N Calistoga, Napa Co., Calif. May 18 873 ♂♂ 873 Melospiza melodia 3 mi SE Calistoga, Napa Co., Calif. 874 ♂ " 875 ♀ " NE slope Mt. St. Helena, 2200 ft., Lake Co., Calif. 876 ♂ Hylocichla guttata slovini Napa River, NE side Napa, Napa Co., Calif. 877 ♂ Melospiza melodia 878 ♂ " Humicica Creek 200 ft., Napa Co., Calif. May 19 879 ♂ Melospiza melodia Jameson Canyon, 300 ft., Napa Co., Calif. May 20, 1940 880 ♂ Melospiza melodia 881 ♂ " 882 ♂ " 883 ♂ " 884 ♂ " 885 ♂ " 886 ♂ " 887 ♂ " Solano 888 ♂ Pipilo maculatus Co. Between Oakland & Badger, Tulare Co., Calif. June 4 889 ♂ Pipilo fuscus
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Marshall, 1940 Catalog Between Auckland & Badger, Tulare Co., Calif. June 4 890 ♂ Pipilo fuscus Whitaker's Forest B5500 ft., W slope Redwood Mt., Tulare Co., Calif. June 5 891 ♂ Peromyscus 892 ♀ " Meadows Flat, 5000 ft., W slope Redwood Mt. Tulare Co., Calif. skin + shel 893 ♂ Strix occidentalis skin + body shel + body sheld stom contents + pellets 894 ♂ Glaucomys Whitaker's Forest, 5500 ft., W slope Redwood Mt., Tulare Co., Calif. June 6 alc. 895 Sorex palustris alc. given to Reed Badger, Tulare Co., Calif. 896 Baolophus inornatus 897 ♂ Chamaea fasciata 898 ♂ " " 899 ♂ Pipilo fuscus 900 ♂ " " 901 ♀ " " 902 ♂ " maculatus 903 ♂ " " 904 ♂ . " 5800 ft. Wortman's Mill, W slope Redwood Mt., Tulare Co., Calif. June 7 905 ♀ Sphyrapicus varius 906 ♂ Pipilo maculatus
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Marshall, 1940 56. Catalog Wortman's Mill, 5800ft, Nslope Redwood Mt., Tulare Co., Calif. June 7 907 ♂ Passerella iliaca 908 ♀ " " MVZ caged bird died June 9 909 ♂ Zonotrichia coronata North Coyote Creek, Marin Co., Calif. July 1, 1940 910 ♂ Melospiza melodia shrubbery at edge 911 ♂ " (foraged on marsh) salt marsh - nesting(?) " in shrubbery at edge where Corte Madera Creek salt marsh at mouth, Marin Co. 912 ♂ Melospiza melodia 913 ♂ " " 914 juv. " " Green Valley, Solano Co., Calif. July 8 915 ♂ Melospiza melodia riparian Cordelia, Solano Co., Calif. 916 ♂ Melospiza melodia fresh-water marsh 917 ♂ " " " " 918 ♂ " " " " 919 ♂ " " salt marsh (mate of 920) 920 ♀ " " " " (mate of 919) 921 ♀ " " " " 922 ♂ " " " " 923 ♂ " " " "
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Marshall, 1940 57. Catalog Grizzly Island, Solano Co., Calif. July 8 924 ♂ Melospiza melodia (mate of 925) 925 ♀ " " (mate of 924) 926 ♂ " " 927 ♂ " " 928 ♂ " " 929 ♂ " " 930 ♂ " " Monte Vista 4 3rd Street, Carmel, Monterey Co., Calif. July 17 931 juv Junco io. pinosus sent by Laidlaw Williams found dead beneath window Strawberry Cr., N. side U.C.B., U.C. Campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. 932 Melospiza melodia 933 Zonotrichia l. nuttalli shell Boulder Co., Santa Cruz Co., Calif. ae 6293 July 28 1940 steel 934 in Dendroica nigrescens A.S. Allen picked up by Mrs. 10 mi. W Santa Barbara, Highway 101, S. Bar. Co., Calif. July 31, 1940 picked up by shell ae 6297 R.M. Bond 935 ♂ ad Falco sparverius Moraga Valley, Contra Costa Co., Calif. august Jerusalem Crickets in stom. shell & shell ae 6309 936 ♂ Bubo virginianus
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Marshall, 1940 Catalog Lake Almanor, Plumas Co., Calif. August 19 937 acc 6311 Aphyraeius varins coll. by H.P. Davis Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. August 26, 1940 938 acc 6317 ♂ Oreopelia montana (from aviary of) Strawberry Canyon, Alameda Co., Calif. Sept. 28 939 ♀ im Thyromanes bewicki 10.0g. 940 ♀ im Vireo huttoni 11.6g. Quito Rd., Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Sept 29, 1940 941 ♂ im Melospiza melodia 19.9g. 942 ♀ im " " 18.0g. Indian Rock, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Sept 30, 1940 (found dead) 943 im Zonotrichia coronata marsh between Stege & Isabel Pt., Contra Costa Co., Calif. October 2 943 ♀? ad. Melospiza melodia (OF) 15.8g. 944 ♂ ad " " 19.3g. 945 ♂ im " " 18.3g. 946 ♀ ad. " " 17.0g. 947 ♂ ad. " " 18.1g. 948 ♂ im. " " 19.9g. 949 ♂ ad. " " (S. Benson) 17.6g. 950 ♀ im. " " 16.5g. 951 ♀ ad.
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Marshall, 1940 Catalog Marsh between Stege & Isabel Pt., Contra Costa Co., Calif. Oct. 2 952 ♂ in Melospiza melodia 18.0g. 953 ♀ in " " 16.6g. Live Oak Park, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Oct 5 954 ♂ ad Junco oreganus bill pink feet pearl grey 16.3g 955 ♀ ad " " " 15.4g. Richmond Hills, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 12.7g. Oct in 6 956 ♂ ad Melospiza melodia 21.3 957 im " " 19.0 958 ♂ ad " " 20.4 959 ♀ad. " " 18.4 960 ♂ im " " 19.1 961 ♂ ad " " 20.3 962 ♂ ad. " " 19.8 963 ♀ im. " " 17.2 964 ♂ad " " 18.1 965 ♀ ad " " 18.2 966 ♂im " " 21.1 967 im House Wren 968 ♀ in Passerella iliaca San Pablo Marsh, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 969 im. Melospiza melodia 22.4 970 ♂ im " " 18.8 971 im " " 17.2 972 ♀ im " " 17.6
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Marshall, 1940 60. Catalog San Pablo marsh, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Oct. 6 973 ♀ ad Melospiza melodia 16.2 974 ♂ ad Geothlypis trichas Slough & side Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 975 ♂ im Melospiza melodia 18.4 976 ♂ ad " " 17.9 977 ♂ im " " 20.4 1.4 mi. S Petaluma, Sonoma Co., Calif. Oct 6, 1940 coll. S Benson 978 ♂ Microtus 196-54-20-15 59.9g. 979 ♀ ad. Melospiza lincolni 15.7g. 980 ♀ ad. " melodia 18.2 g. 981 ♂ ad. " " 18.6g. 982 ♂ im " " 18.2g. 983 im " " 18.2g 984 ♂ im " " 16.6g. Austin Creek near Cazadero, Sonoma Co., Calif. October 13 985 ♀(?) Mannia troglodytes 7.9g. 986 ♀ im Hyloichla guttata 24.0g. 987 ♀ im Vireo huttoni 11.7g. 988 ♂ ad Regulus calendula 6.2g. 989 ♂ ad Melospiza melodia 19.4g. tail shot 990 ♀ ad " " scratching ~ for person 17.4g. yellow eyes / ?? at wing - feathers rest 991 ♂ ad " " 21.6g.
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Marshall, 1940 Catalog (R. bank) Russian R., 4 mi from mouth, Sonoma Co., Calif. October 13 992 ♀ ad Melospiza melodia dust l. wing 19.0g. s. side mouth Russian R., Sonoma Co., Calif. 993 ♂ ad. Melospiza melodia 20.4 g. 5 mi. N. Guerneville Sonoma Co., Calif. October 12 994 Otus asio pickup in highway U.C. Campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. October 15 995 ♂ ad. Melospiza melodia 14 min 19.6g. accc.6367 996 ♀ ad Dendroica townsendi 11 min 9.9g. 997 ♂ im Melospiza melodia 12 min 19.1g. marsh at Bay Bridge entrance, Emeryville, Alameda Co., Calif. October 15 998 ♂ ad Melospiza melodia 20.7g October 16 999 ♀ ad. Melospiza melodia 17.4g. 1000 ♀ im. " " 17.9g. 1001 ♀ ad. " " 18.2g. Bay Farm Id., salt marsh, Alameda Co., Calif. 1002 ♂ im Melospiza melodia 18.6g. 1003 ♀ im " " 16.8g. 1004 ♀ im " " 16.3g. ½ mi. E Lake Temescal, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. October 19 1005 ♀ im Melospiza melodia 18.1g. 1006 ♀ ad. " " 17.2g.
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Marshall, 1940 62. Catalog \frac{1}{2} mi. E. L. Temescal, Oakland Alameda Co., Calf. October 19 1007 ♀ im Melospiza melodia 18.6g. 1008 ♀ im Chamaea fasciata iris cream 15.4g. 1009 ♂ im Testes black " " " 16.5g. South San Francisco salt marsh, San Mateo Co., Calif. October 20 1010 ♂(?) im Melospiza melodia 18.5g. 1011 ♂ im " " 18.5g. 1012 ♀(?) ad. " " 16.2g. 1013 im. " " 18.3g. 1014 ad. " " 18.7g. San Bruno, San Mateo Co., Calif 1015 ♂ im Chamaea fasciata 16.2g. 1016 ♀ im " " 15.6g. Upper San Francisco Cr., Palo Alto, Santa Clara Co., Calif. 1017 ♀ im Melospiza melodia 17.8g. 1018 ♂ ad " " 19.9g. 1019 ♂ ad " " (fat) 21.1g. October 21 1020 ♂ ad Melospiza melodia 19.3g. 1021 ♀ im " " 17.3g. 1022 ♀ ad " " 18.4g. 1023 ♀ ad " " 18.4g. avian of E.W. Jefford, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. acc 6378 October 21 1024 ♀ ov. lg. Oreopelia montana kidney small 83.9g. acc 6373 October 22 1025 mo gonads antenum diseased jun. Chalcophaps indica x stephani ♀ 95.9g.
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Marshall, 1940 63. Catalog (about 2 mi S Avon) lst willows at mouth Walnut Cr., Contra Costa Co., Calif. October 25 1026 bolot skull pickup prepared by LF Sins 1027 \u2642\u200d melospiza lincolni 16.0g. 1028 \u2640 im " melodio morphna " " " 21.4 g. 1029 \u2642 ad " " merrilli bill shot 23.2g 1030 \u2640 im " " " 23.2g. 1031 im " " 15.7g. 1032 \u2640 ad " " 17.8g. 1033 \u2640 ad " " 17.5g. 1034 \u2642\u200d im " " 18.6g. 1035 \u2642\u200d im " " fresh marsh at waterworks 18.7g. Avon, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 1036 \u2640 im Dridoprogne bricolor 1/2 flk @ cliff marlows 16.6g. 1037 \u2642\u200d im melospiza melodio 19.6g. 1038 \u2642\u200d ad " " 21.1g. 1039 \u2642\u200d ad " " salt marsh N of highway 19.2g. 1040 \u2642\u200d im " " bridge over 19.0g. 1041 \u2640 ad " " mouth Packer 19.1g. 1042 \u2642\u200d ad " " creek. salt marsh S of bridge 19.7g. 1043 \u2642\u200d im " " salt marsh E & 19.3 g. 1044 \u2640? im " " 18.9 g. 1045 im " " all in 1 flock 21.8g. 1046 \u2642\u200d im " " 19.6g. 1047 \u2642\u200d im " " 21.6g. 1048 \u2640 im " " salt slough leading to 17.0g. 1049 \u2640 im " " Pacherio Cr. 19.0g. 1050 \u2642\u200d ad " about 3/4 mi S of Avon 19.1g.
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Marshall, 1940 64. Catalog Avon, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Part with Avon series October 25 1940 1051 ♂ in Melospiza melodia 19.8g. cattails - isolated patch at a sewer outlet 1/2 mi S of Avon Station "Fresh" H2O avian of E. W. Gifford, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. October 29 1052 ♀ Oena capensis scum dose of intestinal nematodes 27.7g. goldengate Park, San Francisco, Calif. november 10 1053 ♂ in Melospiza melodia 20.6g 1054 ♀ in " " 17.9g. 1055 ♂ in " " 19.6g. 1056 ♀ in " " 19.8g Arlington Ave. (fr. marsh), north Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. november 11 1057 ♀ in Melospiza melodia [Actually at headwaters of Contra Crt. in Contra Costa Co., - just north of County line] Contra Costa Ave, north Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. 1058 ♀ in Melospiza melodia 16.6g. 1059 ♂ in " " 17.7g. Mouth Coyote Cr. edge salt marsh, Marin Co., Calif. november 16 1060 ♂ in Melospiza melodia 19.5g. 1061 ♀ ad " " 18.0g 1062 ♀ in " " 17.4g. 1063 ♀ in " " 20.8g. hills above Sausalito, Marin Co., Calif. 1069 ♀ ad Melospiza melodia 18.3g. E.A. Stopar coll. prep #25. 1065 " " morphina 24.2g.
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Marshall, 1940 65. Catalog Elk Tennessee Valley, Marin Co., Calif. November 17 1066 ♂ ad Melospiza melodia 18.4g 1067 ♂ ad " " 19.2g. 1068 ♂ ad " " 20.0g. at salt marsh, 1½ mi E Corte Madera Marin Co., Calif. 1069 ad Melospiza melodia 17.1g. 1070 ♀(?)im " " 15.7g. 1071 ♀ im " " at southern edge of marsh 1072 ♂ im " " 20.4g. 1073 ♂ ad black white " " 20.0g. 1074 ♂ in " " 20.1g. 1075 ♂ in " " 18.6g. 1076 ♂ in " " 18.1g. 1077 ♀ im " " 18.2g. 1078 ♀ in . 18.0g. salt marsh near mouth Gallinas Cr., Marin Co., Calif. 1079 ♂ ad Melospiza melodia 19.4g. 1080 ♂ ad " " 19.3g. → 1081 ♂ t.l. ad " " 18.8g. → 1082 ♂ t.l. ad " " 18.1g. 1083 ♂ ad " " 18.0g. 1084 ♂ in " " 18.6g. 1085 ♂ in " " 18.6g. 1086 ♂ very sm. window " " 18.1g. 1087 ♂ in " " 18.1g. 1088 ♀ ad " " 17.3g. 1089 ♀ ad " " 17.0g.
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[faint] مستقبل [illegible] المنطقة 3 - المنطقة 1 مؤسسة المستقبل المساحة 1051 1021 1071 1031 1041 1051 1071 1081 1091 1061 [illegible] 1071 1081 1091 1061 [illegible] 1021 1031 1041 1051 1061 1071 1081 1091 [illegible] مؤسسة المستقبل المنطقة 2 - المنطقة 1 1021 1031 1041 1051 1061 1071 1081 1091 [illegible] المساحة 1021 1031 1041 1051 1061 1071 1081 1091 [illegible] مؤسسة المستقبل المنطقة 2 - المنطقة 1 1021 1031 1041 1051 1061 1071 1081 1091 [illegible]
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Marshall, 1940 66. Catalog salt marsh, mouth Gallinas Creek, Marin Co., Calif. November 17, 1940 1090 ♀ ad Melospiza melodia 15.5g. 1091 ♂ Telmatodytes palustris prop &aS. 9.4g. E.a.Stoner coll. Novato Cr., Marin Co., Calif. 1092 ♂ ad Melospiza melodia 19.2g. 1093 ♂ ad " " (near mouth) 19.9g. 1094 " " " merrilli prep &aS. 20.5g. E.a.Honer coll. Southampton Bay salt marsh, Solano Co., Calif. November 18 1095 ♀ ad Melospiza melodia 18.4 g. 1096 ♀ ad " " 17.6 g. 1097 ♀ im " " 17.7g. 1098 ♀ im " " 17.5g. salt marsh, mouth Sulphur Springs Valley, Solano Co., Calif. 1099 ♂ im Melospiza melodia 22.4g. → 1100 ♂ t.l. im " " 20.8g. 1101 ♂ im " " 20.0g. 1102 ♂ im " " 19 + g. 1103 ♀ im " " 19.0g. 1104 ♀ ad " " 18.8g. Lake Paddy Dam, Sulpher Springs Valley, Solano Co., Calif. 1105 Melospiza melodia fallax prep &aS. 22.0g. E.a.Stoner Coll. Lake Herman, Sulphur Springs Valley, Solano Co., Calif. 1106 ♂ im Melospiza melodia 20.5g. 1107 ♂ im " " 20.3g. 1108 ♀ im " " 19.5g. 1109 ♀ im . . . . 18.5g.
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Marshall, 1940 67. Catalog Santa Susana, marshes S of, Idano Co., Calif. November 18 1110 Melospiza lincolnii E. A. Stones coll. prep E.A.Stone 15.0g. 1111 ♂ im Melospiza melodia 21.8g. 1112 ♂ im " " 20.7g. 1113 ♀ im " " 20.8g. 1114 ♀ in " " 19.3g. 1115 ♀ ad " " 18.3g. Claramont Distr., Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Dec. 1 1116 ♀ im Passerella iliaca pickup by C.G.Thompson 31.5 g after 5 days Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Dec. 8 1117 ♂ im skull with Zonotrichia coronata from E.O. Dodson windows 1118 ♀ skull complete " " but dots sparse on top 1119 ♀ Chamaea fasciata " Frank Valley, Loni S Muir Woods, Marin Co., Calif. December 22 1120 ♀ Passerella iliaca sent to E.O. Stone 31.6g. 1121 ♂ ad Melospiza melodia 19.0g. Manganita Sta., Marin Co., Calif. on R.R. Track in salt marsh. 1122 ♀? Passerculus s. bryanti picked up by Mrs. Kelly 16.9 Rulio Wash, Altadena, L.A. Co., Calif. December 26 1123 ♀ ad Melospiza melodia cooperi 18.0g. 1124 ♀ ad " " 21.5g.
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Marshall, 1940 Catalog Richardson Bay salt marsh, 1 mi SE Mill Valley, Marin Co. Calif. December 31, 1940 1125 ♂ t.l. Melospiza melodia 19.6g. 1126 ♀ o.s.} pair " 18.2g. 1127 ♂ t.l. 3.3mm. in " 18.9g. 1128 ♂ t.s.t " 17.8g. 1129. ♂ t.medium} pair " 17.7g. 1130 ♀ im " 16.1g. 1131 ♂ t.l. 5mm. " 19.9g. 1132 ♂ t.s.+ 2.8 " 18.1g. 1/2 mi E San Geronimo, Marin Co., Calif 1133 ♂ t.s. 1.5mm. " " fat 18.8g. 1134 ♂ t.s. 1.2mm. " " very fat 19.7g. 1135 ♂ t.s.+ 1.5mm. " " very fat 21.6g. Pt. Reyes Station, Marin Co., Calif 1136 ♂ t.s: 1 black, 1 white " " very fat 22.8g. 1137 ♂ t.s. im t.=1.2mm. " " very fat 20.0g. 1138 ♂ t.s. 1.1mm " 21.1g. 1139 ♂ t.s. 1½mm. " 19.9g. 1140 ♀ o.s. " very fat 21.5 g. 1141 ♂ t.s. " very fat 21.3g. 1142 ♀ os. " very fat 19.6g. 1143 ♂ t.s.+ " very fat 22.6g. ?1144 ♀? " very fat 20.3g. Frank Valley, 2 mi. S Muir Woods, Marin Co., Calif. 1145 ♀ os. im " fat 19.7g. 1146 ♀ " fat 22.5g.
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Marshall, 1940-41 Catalog S. slope Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., Calif. December 31, 1940 1147 ♀ Otus asio + body skel 142.1 g. stomach: 4 sm. beetles ) Batrachoseps ) millipede ) Jerusalem cricket 10 large green caterpillars Lake Chabot, Solano Co., Calif. January 10 - 11, 1940-1 √ 1148 ♂ ts, fat Melospiza melodia 19.5 g. √ 1149 ♀ fat + " 20.3 g. √ 1150 ♂ tm " 21.2 g. √ 1151 ♀m, fat " 19.6 g. √ 1152 ♂ tm fat " 21.5 g. √ 1153 ♀ fat " 21.0 g. √ 1154 ♂ in fat ts. " 21.2 g. √ 1155 ♂ tm+ not much fat" 20.3 g. 1156 ♂ ts medium fat " Wintering Race 22.0 g. Jameson Canyon, Napa Co., Calif. √ 1157 ♂ tm- fat " 22.0 g √ 1158 ♂ ts medium fat " 19.7 g √ 1159 ♂ tm fat " 21.3 g √ 1160 ♀ fat " 20.3 g √ 1161 ♂ t+ 6 mm very large .. probably 4-6 some fat not much 19.6 g √ 1162 ♀ im? fat " 19.7 g √ 1163 ♀ im fat- " 19.1 g
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog salt marsh mouth Carneros Cr., Napa Co., Calif. January 12 1164 ♂ Telmatodytes palustris 10.8g. 1165 ♂ t.2.4mm Melospiza melodia not very fat 18.4g. 1166 ♀ " " " " 17.0g. willows, mouth San Antonio Cr., Marin Co., Calif. 1167 ♂ t.1.3mm Melospiza melodia fat #" 20.9 g. 1168 ♂ t.1.9mm " " very fat 23.7g. 1169 " " 23.6g. Canada del Cielvo, Contra Costa Co., Calif. (fresh water marsh ½ mi & Selby) January 20 coll by D. Chatterton √ 1170 ♀ Melospiza melodia 18.8g. √ 1171 ♀? fat- " tick on top head 18.1g. √ 1172 ♂ t.3.4mm " " 21.5g. √ 1173 ♀ ovary 5.5mm long " very fat 21.1g. √ 1174 ♂ t.2.6mm. very fat " " 23.2g. √ 1175 ♀ fat " " 17.6g. 1176 ♀ ad Melospiza melodia morphna 21.3g. 1177 " lincolnii salt marsh W side Martinez, Contra Costa Co., Calif. coll by D. Chatterton √ 1178 ♂ t.30mm. Melospiza melodia fat, very 22.2g. √ 1179 ♀ ovary 5mm long " fat 19.9g. √ 1180 ♀ in fat- " " 18.6g √ 1181 ♀ fat " " 18.0g. √ 1182 ♀ fat " " 18.8g. √ 1183 ♀ very fat " " 19.5g √ 1184 ♀ very fat " " 19.3g. √ 1185 ♀ fat " " 18.3g,
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Marshall, J.T., Jr. Field notes on Otus flammeolus Otus trichopsis fn 1938-1939
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Joe T. Marshall, Jr. Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California Summer of 1938 & 1939 Field notes on Otus flammeolus pg.1-27 Specimen catalog #376-514 28-57. Otus trichopsis 1939 1-5
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Marshall, 1939 Othus trichopsis 4 mi. N Catagonia, 4500 ft., Santa Cruz A., Arizona July 16, 1939. Camp in wide upper Sonoran canyon facing East, & heavily timbered in spots with beautiful stands of oak. Also walnut (?), sycamore, & many other broadleaves. Sides of canyon more brushy & with dwarfed oaks. Dry creek bed in flat bottom of canyon. Canyon bottom 50 - 200 yds. wide. At bottom of this gently-sloping canyon (to E.) the Lower Sonoran zone begins. Spring in little side canyon 100 yds. S camp. After 2 coll, a poorwill at dusk (from the brushy S wall), Woody & I started down the canyon towards an especially fine stand of oaks bordering a clearing in a wide place in the valley (a Coronado Forest gate at that pt) 3 mi. down (E). It was now dark & we took about 3 2 hrs. to travel the 3 mi. I called for Othus asio most of the way - also Othus flammeolus & Strix. When we were about 200 yds. from the grove (mentioned above), heard rustling
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Marshall, 1939 Otus trichopsis Patagonia, Ariz. July 16 in Sycamore as we passed under it. We lay down under this tree in order to listen. I gave a few screech owl calls & presently Woody heard some answering notes. As I remember them they were They were in series, and ascending in pitch, as I remember. They were rather high, and who were of similar quality to the harsh early-morning notes of screech owls. "Quirt-quirt-quirt-quirt-quirt". I imitated these notes & proceeded down to the gate. The first individual was now silent, but beyond the gate, two more answered, with similar unmusical series of cries - also higher-pitched screeches & yaps. They retreated calling a while when I approached. Presently, I heard from low in the trees close at hand, a series of very low whistled notes - as low as I could whistle (middle C). They couldn't be told from my own whistle at middle C. "who-who- who - whoo - whoo - whoo - whoo." 7 syllables, all same pitch, all of
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Marshall, 1939 Otus trichopsis Patagonia, Aug. July 16 equal intensity & duration. They were not broken off sharply from each other as are the notes of Otus fl. The seven syllables are given in about 3 sec. - a little more than 2 per sec. This call is very low for an Otus - fully an octave lower than the other 2 sp. which are around the C above middle C. It was very faint, also - for the bird was close at hand and retreated promptly whenever I tried to approach it. Nor could I lead it out. Its series of notes was given only every 2 or 3 min & the bird was hard to follow. I made several tries at it, also at the other two who squawked and squeaked occasionally from the screamoors in the floor of the valley. I thought that this was a two-man job - so I went to Woody, woke him up, & taught him the call. It was to start the owl calling, then I would get on the other side of it & he could drive it to me. (The owl called again near us & again I chased it far up the hillsides
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Marshall, 1939 4. Otus trichopsis Patagonia, Ariz. July 16 of oaks.) It was now about midnight & dark (no moon), a slight wind. Woody & I went down to the gate to work out our plan. He was under a sycamore near the gate & I stayed under some oaks near the side of the canyon. In both these trees, the cries had been heard. After a few minutes of utter silence (- to calm the owls down), Woody began to call; presently I began to answer him. After about 10 min, the cries were heard again, far away. Then in 5 more min, the hoots were heard from a solitary tree in the valley floor & about 25 yds. from Woody. He & I both continued to call. These notes were of same pitch & intensity & less-whistled quality as before but they were uttered in a rhythm: too-too toooo too too; too-too too', too too; etc. [music notation] rolled more like tootle middle C. given over & over again. The bird moved to the tree directly above Woody's head &
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Marshall, 1939 5. Otus trichopsis Patagonia, July 16 continued to call. I turned on my light & stopped calling & started to stalk the bird. It moved to a very dense oak 30-yds from Woody & called. I saw it sitting half-way up in the tree & on an horiz. branch. good clear yellow eyesine. I fired & missed altogether. I called to Woody & he said the bird was still hooting. I saw it on the same tree & about a yard closer to the trunk than before. thus. It still hooted steadily & this time I collected it at close range with .410. 3'667. No more were heard all the way back to camp. There were many favorable nesting sites in dead hollow oaks in the canyon, but I located no nests.
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Marshall, 1938 1. Otus flammeolus THE FOLLOWING IS A SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS PRIOR TO 1938. DATES AND LOCALITIES ARE TAKEN FROM NOTES JOTTED IN FIELD MANUAL (HOFFMAN) Dry Lake, 9000 ft., N Base Mt. San Gorgonio, San Bernardino Co., Calif. June 29 & 30, 1935 Single, uninflected hoots, soft and very ventriloquial, given at different times throughout night - in 8 second intervals. Sometimes as long as 13 sec. intervals. Sounded very distant. On one night two Great Horned Owls were hooting at the same time as was Otus f. Hoots came from lodgepole pine timber on S North side lake. Clear, no moon. Whitakers Forest, 5500 ft., 10 mi. NE Badger, Tulare Co, Calif. July 14, 1935 Hooting heard several times during the brightly moon-lit night from my bed on porch of Cedar Cabin. Came from public camp across road to north. Single, at regular inter- vals. Trail from Sequoia Ranger Station to Park Ridge Lookout, S. Side Park Ridge, 6500 ft., Tulare Co., Calif. August 10 & 13, 1935 Measured, single hoots in 8 sec. intervals heard in same locality on each of these clear, brightly moonlit nights. On the 13th, on the way back down the mt., the owl was heard several hundred yds, ahead. I gave imitat- ed hoots and the owl soon come up the mt., and alighted in a gnarled Jeffrey Pine directly over my head. Here it continued to call. The obvious closeness of the bird and the slight volume of the calls made me certain that it was a very small bird and not possibly the full- voiced Long-eared Owl. Camp Chonokis, 6500 ft., 1 1/2 mi. E Bijou, S End Lake Tahoe, Eldorado Co., Calif. June 4, 1936 Series of single hoots in 6-8 sec intervals heard at various times during night from open foest of Jeffrey Pine on steep, rocky
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June 4, 1956 Lake Tahoe, El Dorado Co., Calif. Camp Chronoke, 6500 ft., 3 miles N.E. of Big Johns Road from camp to Jeffrey Pine at various times during night, rocky, steep, no snow on Jeffrey Pine. June 4, 1955 Lake Tahoe, El Dorado Co., Calif. Camp Chronoke, 6500 ft., 3 miles N.E. of Big Johns Road from camp to Jeffrey Pine at various times during night, rocky, steep, no snow on Jeffrey Pine.
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Marshall,1938 2. Otus flammeolus (Summary of observations prior to 1938) mt. side abouve camp. **** Heard almost every night throughout June,s especially on moonlit nights.Always sounded very distant and ventriloquial. Probably only a single individual. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Whitakers Forest,5500 ft., 10 mi. NE Badger, Tulare Co., Calif. May 20, 1938 At 9:00 PM - clear, windless, dark night - heard,from cabin at S. end pool, barely audible hooting on hill to NE. ab ove Public campground.Absolute limit of audibility. Followed sound 300 yd. to public camp. Recogniz- ed as similar tothat heard & attributed with ? to te Flam/ Scr. Owl in 1935.Ran back to camp & got gun & head*light ;hurried back where sound was picked up again. I gave answering calls & followed bird thru deep forest on hillside NE public camp/as it moved northward at intervals far ahead. Finally caught up .Sound coming from in or about dense ,high clump white firs, Ventriloquial - sounded as if bird were flying, each hoot apparently coming from different dir- ection.Finally became accustomed to it & deter- mined it to be near top 80' fir.Tree too dense to locate by eyeshine.Probably sitting on limb close to trunk - keeping out of my sight as well as that of possible enmies - Spotted Owls , etc. Notes all same pitch; short,staccato,high,later figured to be about B above middle C, and given at regular intervals a little greater then 2 sec.(This is faster cadence than others heard before.At every 15-25 sec--th hoot would length- en interval to 3-5 sec. as if listening for an- swer, then would start again very often at lower -B-flat ,or even A.By the time the next stop would occur ,the pitch would have been worked up to the original pitch ,so gradually as not to be noticed until the bird started again at
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May 30, 1978 At 9:00 A.M. - MY 'Ojo' and my wife, Tula, will be on our way to the airport for a trip to visit my parents in Los Angeles. We are leaving from our home in San Francisco and will be arriving at LAX Airport around noon. Please note that we will not be available until 3:00 P.M. when we land. If anyone needs us before then, please leave a message with the concierge at the hotel where we are staying (Hotel California). Thank you for your understanding. Sincerely, My and Tula
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Marshall, 1938 Otus flammeolus Whitakers - continued.e a lower interval.The hoots are full vowel sounds not whistles,are the vowel oo as in hoot. Staccato effect best imitated by thepronunciat tion of boop,boop,boop,etc. After 20 min.,hooting ceased,to be re- sumed after 1/2 min.near top young Sequoia 35 ft.high,30 yd.away.(This tree again the highest one in clump p.Didn't alight in open- branched black oaks,common thereabouts.Tried to lokate with flashlight but light burned out. Sat down for 1/2 hr.trying to fix - owl kept up continual hooting - returned to original perch. I circled tree clump to determine te-a- which it was in - was definitely the highest fir - 80 ft.high - below top.Owl stopped - resumed with same succession of hoots at same interval but with 2 additional shorter notes,slightly over 1/2 step lower - ahead of each hoot/
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Munro, J., "1938" autoemail auto e.deunnjnos - arekajin sahuaa iowov iluT era acoon eht.favxejiT rewoT s .dcod ni se oo iowov enJ ere.aeJaihw jon #elonunorqenT vd beJaJimI Jaed Joelle oJeaotaJ .oje,good,good,good to noij -er ed of ,beaeee gnjooch ,nim OS veJT aloipeb gnucy qoj 'xen .nim & reTTa dehua enT nlaee eexT ainT).vawa . by 30, eid .ji 25 -nece ni JgJia j'nbiD.q muie ni ene Jaedgin beiT .atJodzevenT nomnoo ,ekao xock bednehd .jwo bentud Jdgil Jud JdgiihaaiT nJiw eJokeI oj qu TQed Iwo - xit of gnivij .rn & roi mwb JaS doreq lanigiro od henudeT - gnjooD launjnoo defiw -e-ee enimreJoT of qmuie eeJT beJoiIo 1 - xii jaedgin enJ vlesTniieb aew - ni aaw ji hamper - beqyoTa IWO .god wofed - dyif .ji 08 IavieTi emaB &g JcooTi To nofaeconoa emae nJiw vJiJgiila ,neJon 'rejrone lanofjibba S dJiw Jud ".Joon nase To bnedn - rewoT qeta & nevo nJem motI- lonijaib & Ito Jwo vleJiniieb bncoeB .oje : good ,qcc-food : good ,goo-lood :Joon of xood a eeuag a nedj,.nim ei roi qu ainT jceX -deawo ,eeiT To seed of bekiaw.mreJaep lanigiro .fednJaib jon IWO .admiI neifaT gnma gni - Joelle eJaiBenmi - nug nJiw nnwiT BeBnuol lwo, .nim & ni & Ilaa of benujnoo 1 .eeollea * * *.n JeeeT of reTTaT berewang -a-edt oo iowov behned erom ,neJron IIaD .IWO beqpe-gnoi To Jand neJT reJTniI wedeB and Jdgila gnidjemoa was JdguedTyoele defiy redeir ,bevom Iwo ,jone ; nuj: ddeh diiT ere no .alao vn of 'aTal berewang .nim & ni . jdgii befiI ,qmao of benudeT 05 reJeo ji 25 eifBiu moti nlaee berewang Iwo -JaTi BeBnuoe Jey,elo oTyV.nereq giro (3 ).by -nJiw TaI aaw - jniiI nJiw eTaeoI j'nblcuD.jna ,Kao Jueoa(da qu bedmiI .belseonoa & eeJT ni benedngiui selonaaT To gnicoTo : level aji of JmniT no beqqat.noreq I nigiTo aji of Iwo befiao - eoniB .nereq neeo oj eivB co gniqud bnuc .& oj TaI Joneae To Jwo Jaemia nlaee .by 021. erebo ,eiiT qmuie e-neo of beJoiTcI oj oyreB - beqqat.belseonoa & ngnI niaa .vawa lanigiro od xond neJT ,noreq valima 'enTone
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4. Marshall, 1938 Otus flammeolus Whitakers - contin. perch.Gave other 3-syll. call for while, inter- spered with regular hoots. Resumed regular hooting. I climbed tree 15 ft. away with gun & light.hoping to see owl when I reached his level.Top broken - seat- still below owl. HE kept hooting. Tied lyslf to tree, moon rose (last ¼).Owl kept calling. Once in while would stop altogether,reeeem- recommenced only after I called;therefor wouldn't have hooted all night if I hadn't called. Dozed- heard owl allthe time - awoke in ½ hr.before daybreak. owl was calling far to E.I called & it immediately came to or original perch,& hooted steadily.At lst. indica tion of dawn,stopped/,. Heard 15 min. later - gave several calls far to NE, now fairly light. Probably feeding in this interval. Had probaby eaten in early evening , again at dawn. No foraging all night ( constant hooting) unless gets spiders & insects from high in trees. Arboreal? Many spiders in My tree.But hooted at regular,short intervals all night. Obviously didn't go to nest - no others heard;probably not nesting - nesting over? If so, why persist- calling? Why territorial behavior?Perhaps a solitary individual trying to attract mate. Definite territoryality regular perches within given area 300yd n&S by 75 yd. up & down hill. Definite song perches established in similar and safe spots.Not yet certain of identityl May 21 Returned at dusk to cedar perch 50 yd. abov e contral fir perch.Called continually. Heard nor saw nothing until almost pitch dark. (No moon) Batlike form fäitted past nose - sil- uoetted against W sky.Was within 1½ ft. of face Came from SE - uphill.Saw something flick in middle cedar tree perch.Owl began softly to hoot saw it leave thru opposite side tree.Resumed orig perch in fir & hooted.Tap trunk, flew; answered far to N.Followed but it soon stopped calling.Foraging? I stationed myself in opening in timber where trunks silhouetted . I called 20 min.At length figure size lg. bat flew swiftly & silently overhead,25 ft up. from NW. Flew
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MarsheJi,1938 auto commett auto Whitajie - nijnoo. perqG.eva renfo-S-ylil iiso tof efinw,nejn- ebocqe djiw renger stooD .hemseel 'reluger' .gnijoor I eert bedmilo jt yaws njiw muq & gnipqn.ihgil oq see iwo neD I bercesr eid .level qOT - nexon - jesa - iiija wofed .IwO IH jqex gnijood beiT fiesyi oj ,eerr noom eaoT (jaa!) 0. iwO jqen gniiiao .sono ni elinw binow .goia reDjeqoSe -neeeee.beonmnober yIno tedja I Delfie;Defferow 'nblaow d'evan beoon illa thym if badn I cailed .dezo-baed braed iwo enjlia emit - exowe & mr eroted .ksediyab iwo saw gniiiao 'xat oj 2.0 I. bellido jt viedn6bemmi esuo oj 'x crigianp lanziro ,noxeq beoon yA.ylibeda JAl jaal .aiihni noij fo nwab \beqpoja ..breel ci min telar - eveq laverev allag tat oj EM ,won yfrit ihgil Frobdeef vidgoof ni eind Iavrojni ..Bah ydedoq nejse ni viroe guineve ,niaga ja nwab .on' gnigarot illa jhgim ( gnijood 'njasneo ) seeinu ate aerebipa & ajceeni mort ngin ni aeerr ?faexode ?ynam erebipa ni yll eerr jus bercoD ja reguler jt stode,slaviejni illa jhgim .0Cvlauqiv d'nbib oj oq jaen - on ererxi;bxseri vidadory; jon gnijeen - gnijzen ?revo ?I ,oa ynw -talarveq egllles ?why-terpofared introjirev a aganle? so majifoi laubiviiai galvyt oj joagja esam. Definile termfovere vjiiiaojivie reguler .enoreq nidiw Gives 'ares 00y'dS by yS bu & nu nwob .iiln bna ete ajqa joc yveerret to iyijnebi Iva SI Renumed at durb to eoeq horeq .Yd to ev conrul illa perch.Cislde belfiS. .yilunijjnos Heart nor waa noching uunu saemie dojip nwab. (no moon) Estikes form 'tiffed bejifT jaep none -ll- noon bedjeen W skyeW.W.eaw nidiw gi jt .to eanl Came from ES -IIiilu w8.nagomena ni koi' ni elbbim xabes eroz peroh.0.wI negeD vijica of tood ji waa evqei urhj ejlaqqo ebia eert.hemueil. grio dereq ni rif & bejood .qatJ,xnuit ;well erewane ber ser ot N.bewolloc.1tad ji nose boqqoa gniifce ?gnigarot I benofjade fIeaym mi gineqc ni redmis etere frumka bejjennila . I bellao OS A.mim d'aguel nugi' ezia gi ,jad wall yijiwa & aifenjyv overbeeS.55 jt qu .WM wall.
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Marshall, 1938 5. Otus flammeolus Whitakers - contin. at downward slant as of heading for gnd. Typical screech owl form: long, broad wings, large head in front, short tail behind; swift, direct flight. Commenced to hoot 25 yd. up hill. I followed past stump with hole (NO NEST) to open group sm. cedars with few and open branches & bare humus beneath. Owl calling softly from within these. Seen on small limb 3 ft. above gnd.-Forages at gnd. like Screech Owl? Not arboreal feeder. Ovidus-ly foraging since not calling much. Calls after feeding. Form & eyeshine similar to asio. Even light grey color in flash light. Tapers from a head, almost to point, where wings end behind tail. No ear tufts visible. Seen at 15 ft., changed to .410 aux in open choke. Owl leaned-to-side turned to side and leaned forward as screech owls do preparatory to flying. Paused then took off lig lightly & swiftly. Continued to call in neigh-boring cedar. I got directly in front of it as it sat on long branch of low cedar & 4 ft. off gnd. Eye-shine visible, turned head from side to side. Collected- #377 male, body & full stomach in formalin. 1/2 h. after dark (about 8:PM) May 22 Returned in evening to call, hoping to hear mate or find nest. None found. Solitary due to rareness. Asio always in pairs even after breeding. Proximity to Otus asio in Public campgnd. in summer 1928 1935. Definite transition zone, (shot in cedar). Continuity of hooting - slave to glands? Why hooting in 1st place? Territory or attraction to female ? Tried giving hypothet-ical female call, higher; no effect. Very tame, flushed only when I climbed oak & at shot & tapping trunk. (Therefore climbing mammals a possible enemy.) Definite restricted territory & love of cover & success in keeping out of si sight. Calling prolonged & often started by my hoots. Curiosity or territoriality . Imitated hoots very accurate, probably second.
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Marshall, 1938 6. Otus flammeolus 1 1/8 mi.S Whitakers Forest on 5500 ft. contour (Forest Service Map of Eshom Cr. Unit),10 mi. NE Badger,Tulare Co.,Calif. June 3 Burned over timber,very dense stand young firs & cedars.Heard faint hooting at dusk.Took 45 min. to trace todense, tall grove on flat,1 low gnd.Dark;new moon.Hooting in 4 sec intervals sparodic & very soft.Hard to approach;bird would fly when I hooted.Alternated series of boop, boop,etc.,with boot-oop,boop as deacribed before Two heard at same time.One gotten close to : peculiar modification of its single call after I gave calls near it .(perhaps due to approach of silent female an d not my presence.) Call changed to throaty,rushing sound,tone almost lost. I moved up hill,calling .Bird went ahead from one dense high clump to the next.Stayed within one cl-ump surrounding a black oak & now called in earnest.(Aroused,or in own territory? -hence retreat from first locality. ) Began to call more rapidly,then changed to breathy sound. Another answered in same tree (presumably female)-and was shot when I noticed its pinkish eyeshine as it sat on a high,dead cedar branch in the interior of the clump.(All branches bare in the shaded interiors of these clumps hence more chance of locating birds from with- in.)The bird shot was lower in the tree than was the original occupant .Male # 410. First, probably a male also (hence breathy call a territorial reaction to another male) called in earnest,and was made bolder by curiosity as I called at the base of his tree clump/ Alight- ed in open parts of Black Oak.Seen several times too close to shoot.Saw pinkish eyeshine.Silence before & after a swift rush of wings:probably a larger owl making an attempt to catch itte* the Otus. Flew from perch to perch around me untill its interest waned. Several times flew very close.Couldn't see but could hear slight rush of wings. Commonness - Status of "rare Birds"- Maintenance of minimum population to permit survival means even distribution in a sedentary
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Marshall,1938 7. Otus flammeolus Whitakers - contin. bird.Is this near a center of the population or are they as common but unnoticed in other areas(i.e.Grinnell in Yosemite - none heard or seen in that entire area)? Extention into transition zone.Frabably only requirement is stand of conifers over dry hillsides (indication of gt. basin origin?). Where are females?Silent or brooding?Times when males change tone may indicate presence of females. If they are brooding,why aren't the males at the nest feed- ing the m? Whitakers Forest June 4 Clear,calm;¼ moon. Public camp above place where #377 shot.lst at stream; evasive as usualat first.More interested later & follow- ed me along road,stopping at various high,con- cealed perches to give series of single hoots. Stopped in grove young Sequoias at roddnear three sister Big Trees. Seen as flew across interior of clump/,.Distinctive variation of triple call: 4 syll. - bootle-opp,boop; etc. walked 125 yd. away,still heard in spite of we water and low intervening ridge.Probably can be geard 300 yd in clear.Thought heard another down hill.lst followed me down - seen in branch Ponderosa Pine in lower, more open clump.Flew from perch, flitting like insect with rapid wingbeats --I-e-deesn8t-j- i.e. doesn't jump then fly, but proceeds entirely by wings.Indi- cates relatively greater strength of wings associated with pursuit of flying insects? June 7 None in place visited June third & revisited this evening.Cold, stormy night; high wind, couldn't hear.Heard at eressing-of- crossing of Wortman's road & main highway, ½ mi.below camp.Crose described t± call as pigeon-like %-eerre.Persistant hooting at 6 sec. intervals.Calling in spite of storm. Ventriloquial.Often changed pitch(lower) after moving; and when in one place would change pitch or quality making sound seem to came from
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8. Marshall,1938 Otus flammeolus. Whitakers,contin. different place. Same alternation of calls. Seen by flashlight from rear; from front,in direct view,no eyeshine ,just large, dark eyes. At one time, hoot was higher & sounded like different bird.Several times changed to rushing sound,like night-hawk.Another bird present? As usual was in clump conifers encircling Black Oak. Finally shot - #413 male - as sat in crotch in Black Oak. Perhaps hooting occurs later laterin evening after feeding, therefore none heard at first locality! 2 hrs. after dark - about 9:30 Pm June 8 Same place as on 4th.(Above public camp grnd. 1/2 mi.N camp)In sunset light ,heard answer from tree at edge little wet meadow. Called 9-10 times then quiet.Resumed again later then again. In close,open-branched grove yuong cedars,saw ti it flit past - seen in flashlight. Flew swiftly thru trees & out & up at edge clump & swerve back to perch as if had caught am a flying insect. (Large moths & other fly- ing insects* abundant.) Then flew back to inter- interior, stopping instant at two perches,but keeping on the move as if following insect. Hence, explanation of always being high upp Too small & week-footed to catdh mammals,but strong wings te & rapid flight, darting flight for pursuing insects. Walked 200 yd. to stream where seen on 4th.Another there .Couldn't approach - didn't give double call,so couldn't tell if same bird. Went back & found lst. in c elump dense, streamside clump where seen on 4th and only 25 yd from meadow.Same 4-syll. call as the bird seen there on 4th. Two within 200 yd. Bright , clear;gibbous moon; calm. June 10 Same locality 1 1/8 mi. S camp on 5500 ft. contour, as on June third. Cloudy, dark evening.Still very light al- though a very cloudy day.One called 75 yd. S stream ( first stream S south bend in highway between camp & Sequoia ranger station).
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June 8 500 ft. Cloudy, dark evening. Still very light at -le until very late. Only one cloud by day and two visible in the sky. July 17 3:00 pm Bright; clear; moon; calm.
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Marshall,1938 Otus flammeolus Whitakers,June 10,contin. On open pt. As usual,soft at first,then gradu- ally louder.Long silences (foraging).Flew bullet-like from high pine to fir clump where seen.Flew again.Silence, then hooted from 1/2- way up young pine lower on ridge. Flew with amazing rapidity to high,lone Ponderosa Pine w where seenas siluouette. Made rapid dart out & up ; swerve & back to perch.Accelerated fly- catcher style.Only interp.that it was catching insect on wing.Amazing dash & vigor.Minimum time in open;less danger. Distinctive triple call;second syll. shotened,not of equal inten- sity as lst, but slighted.Beetle Beet Boo-dp, boop ; etc. This bird's territory was on the way from camp to the area indicated above.At that area,a little later but still light,one suddenly called doudly from sm. yellow pine above rocks at edge low,flat grove.Approached to within 10 yd.Bright pinkish eyexhine. Flew down then up to another clump.Modified,muffled call given in flight. Hooted , then back to huge Black Oak .Then flew N 200 yd, heard a few times. On return trip, heard same owl in same area asdiscussed at top page(9).Stayed around clump firâ & pines encircling Black Oak as usual Same call (sec ind syll. slighted almost out of existance. Another in back ranger station - carried on ly 50 yd.- rushing haaad hoot - sparodic, soon stopped.Only 60 yd. from where m ale #413 was taken.Mate to # 413? June 11 Dusk; above haunted house,north place where # 377 shot.A different owl in terr. of bird with 4-syll. hoot,or else same bidd had changed voice to "bootle,boop" instead of "boo- tle-opp,boop".Accelerated once after high note heard.Another bird? * * * Discuss comparison with Poorwill. Is counterpt. in size,form,wing- surface,and food.(To be proven by examination of preserved stomach contents.) Later,cloudy ,full moon,calm.End rd.at NE corner property. A swered hoots. AS usual,
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Marshall,1938 Otus flammeolus Whitakers,June 1l,contin. began very softly,then louder,and came to clump of young Ponderosa Pines surrounding lg,Black Oak. Low in trees but not seen except in flight. Low, faint clucking sounds heard nearby - a female? Absolutely best view of behavior yet seen - bird very tame;stopped hooting & was watched foraging in oak.Would stay in one perch for a minuit or more, then would fly to another, once clearly making a dart at an insect on the way.Perched in the lower & middle parts of the tree,on bare branches. Alighted on stub about 6 ft. from my face.Seem3d to be infested with parisites - scratched with foot,shook feathers, preened here & there with bill,All movements remarkably speedy & energetic - shook feathers so violently that it was only a blurr.One pee peculiar movement done several times was stret- stretching head high & opening bill several time s as if ejecting something.Continually peered from side to side & up& down with very rapid movements of head .Looking for flying insects like Tyrannidae Tyrannidae?Looked intently up then flew in that direction directly to higher branch.May have been examining branches for spiders,etc;then flew to capture one. Posture, leaning forward - not upright , suggestive of alertness te& readiness to fly.&t,Gt. energy, trim,handsome,faleeln- falcon-like build - power full shoulders,tape8to pt. where large wings end behind tail. Not chunky & clumsy looking like most owls. Once, called several times after one short flight to pine. In lther another pine where sitting 8' off gnd., flicked wings like hermit thrush,twice. Color ation, when close, could see complex patternn of markings on white underpts; when farther,all blended into grayish uniform color,similar to bark trees. Followed me down rd.,called while in low pine. Shook out feathers again,wiped bill twice in succession on twig ,like linn&t.
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Pinne. Shock out Leacherae sngap wedd iid. woi nt elinw belis, dr nwh em bewoll? umiform color,rola mrima,rolo ot bedek ..aeex kxod od xaimia,rola mrima, daiyrp ojni debneid iil,xedrsal ndw ;ajqrebu elintw no agnikxam 'lo nuedsap xeiqmoo seu bloo eciwu no ajuikxam 'lo nuedsap xeiqmoo seu bloo daiyrp ojni debneid iil,xedrsal ndw ;ajqrebu ..aeex kxod od xaimia,rola mrima, daiyrp ojni debneid iil,xedrsal ndw ;ajqrebu ..aeex kxod od xaimia,rola mrima,
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11. Marshall,1938 Otus flammeolus Meadows Flat,5000 ft.,1/2 mi. S W Whitakers Forest,W Base Redwood Mt.,Tulare Co.,Calif. June 12 By dusk,had reached 100 yd.thru forest at S end meadows. Road turned E , following sm. cr. 1st owl heard as soon as fairly dark,and followed from tree to tree in its territory on the N.side rd. Even , close stand ponderosa pine & fir;occasional black oak. Few p open spaces in forest.Owl seen flying about from perch to perch high in trees. At first ,hard to approach ;later tamer or more curious,perched lower in smaller trees. Remaned chiefly in& around 2 lg. black oaks.Long periods of silence when foraging. Would continue to call when I would change location & hoot. Nondescript,soft,higher-pitched cries heard few yd. E occasionally.May well have been female.Couldn't locate.Saw male several times too close to shot; finally shot as sat near top young ponderosa pine next to one of bl oaks.Located by sound & pink eye-shine. Densest forest yet found in.Rather obvious indication of arboreal feeding. Was male, #430. Now dark. Heard another,90 yd to S. across rd. & cr. Was in tall yellow pine top , calling persistantly. Tapping trunk didn't move it. Soon heard 3rd 80 yd E. Both calling in same tempo. I followed newcomer & other followed me up hill to the new territory.All three of us h hooting in chorus.I gave hypothetical calls of female (higher-pitched inflectd) & produced immediate effect in the two.Both came down close to me and gave the rushing-sound breathy hoots. Now in open forest on slight rise. Owls now called on e at time for several stretches per. Could tell both present because both stayeed in respective trees. Were in black oaks,as usual. Silence, then ond hooted as sat next to trunk lg. pine at edge clear space (rocks). Was on low horiz.limb, and pink eyeshine vis.Absolutely in open!No branches nor foliage near. Collected it; male # 431. Other heard few yd. up, and followed to rd. as shown on Forest Service map Eshom Cr. unit.This bird,since stayed around this easterly territory was probably the new- Clicked mandibles when picked up.
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Marshall, 1938 Otus flammeolus Meadows Flat, June 12. comer ( third male heard). It stayed higher in the now dense stand young conifers (similar to terr. #430) and was not seen although it answered my hoots at intervals.Again other faint higher sounds were heard nearby,& attributed to another female.Another supposedly a male was heard at this time back in terr. of #431 & & was probably the one heard several times from that area on my way back to the meadows.I paced off the distances involved & determined that these four males & the two supposed possibly to be females were all within an area 250 by 100 yd. Thus for this uniform and dense young forest or conifers with its occasional black oaks, we have the densest owl population yet recorded in my observations. It may well be possible that there are no Spotted Owls or other owls which might prey upon the Screech @wls in this locality & that this may be a factor which determines their abundance because I have as yet found none at all within the large terr. of Strix occidentalis on the entire E,S,&W sides of Whitakers Camp. Although terr. set up , apparently no objection to invasion occasionally by others. Territoriality may be restricted to the sequestration involving merely convenience &-set in foraging & not aggressive maintenance of boundaries. Later,bright moonlight,5th male heard in tall yellow pine at edge meadows.Usual behavior resulting from my imitated hoots: ab first kept on hooting steadily from high in tree & out of sight,gradually interested in my hoots,and began to move from perch to perch about me - still high.Then when I began to move about within its terr.,became curious (or desirous of driving away a supposed invader) & descended to lower sm. trees where seen at close range.After 4 hr., began to lose interest & moved again to high p perches.Drawn down from these by my withdrawal to grove sm. trees & its following me thence. Called eagerly for 15 min. from open perch on horiz.stub of lg.,dead tree,only 7 ft. from gnd.
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autocommit auto SI enum,java swobsem ni regnin beytja ji . (bised elim brift ) temoc od xalimix) eretinc anoy huta esneb won eht ji ngucjla neen jon saw bna (05\x47) ,trej redjo niGA.alavretni ja awood vm berewans -dfjt,ia &.ydnea brsen erew abuos rdygid tnuii a yibeacqqua rerdoA.elgam o'nomer of bedu io .trej ni keej eilj eht ja bsed saw eiam Isievee bised ono eht vidodpq saw & E ji! -beem eht oj ksed yaw vm no sera jadJ mori semit -rejah & bevlovni esonajalb eht 'llo besqp I.awc beacqqus owj eht & selam uot saend janJ denim sexa us niddiu lla ewew seiamt ed oj vidisly to possibly jo de Temies were not of seneb hua motinu eht 'tol sult .by 101 py 250 dy lanolacoo adJ ndiw atelinbo to Jeecot anoy noifairqou Iwo Jaseeab eht ewd *e black oske, ecl llw yam ji .ancliJavreado vm ni bedrocod Jet IenJo xo alW bejJoqA cn era exere jant eidte poae alW6 noeeru eht moqu prey dnidh oldw awo rocsr 'n ed yam aiht janJ & vllasoi eilJ ni evan I saanced enabnuhn rierd senfmerreb ndiw .tret egel eht niniw lla ja enon bmoul Jet as sebia Wx,8.2 eriane eht on aijeJedbeoc xijjA 'to qu Jee .trej nguordJia ..qmd'araQamA ?o WhiJkera yilendiasco nofasvhi oJ noifoejd oJ vidneragaa oJ beJoindaez ed yam vJifairojiT .areto Jy ofere comfneneco vleem guivovni nofuvsempes ed enomtniem aviasexgs Jon & gnysvol ni se-a .seihsbuod 'to ni breaed -lam rdt,,jngafnocm jdgJrd,telaj rofvadeb lanuU.awcbsem eybe ja eniq wolley liat jqex Javil da :aJooh beJadmi vm mori gnijfuenr to juo & eerd ni dgin mori ylibaeJa gnifod no naged bus,aJooh vm ni beJaretni yliabag,jdgla Iija - em Judoa.doreq oJ dorw mori evom oj edi niniw Judoa svom oj naged I nedw nemT.hid -a gnivib 'to snorfes) or eulove ,.trej .ma rowol oJ behnecaeB & (nebwni beacqqus a yaw ,.nd & rejiA.egnat eaolo ja neea erdew seerT q dgid oi nisga bevom & Jzerejni eaoi oj naged IavabJiv vm yd eerdt mori nwob hwat.aenores. .coment em guiwoloi sti & seeT .ma evor jo no norep nego mori .nim SI rof viregae bellC .ndg mori ,jt Y vino,eerJ beeb,,ji 'lo dusa.Nitod
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Marshall,1938 Otus flammeolus Meadows Flat,June 12. then from sm. branch near-te in interior young ponderosa pind; there shot - #432, male. Like the others it frequentted a large black oak with- in its terr., & unlike them,its compound call consisted of only 2 syll.: boot,boop;etc.midnight On way back to Whitakers, another male heard above rd. at W. side Sequoia Ranger Sta Station meadow.May or may not have been that heard back of the station on June 10. Whitakers Forest June 13 Arrived at territory owls at end rd. at NW boundary.Male already hooting,& a Glaucidium whistling to S. Gl. soon stopped and Otus continued. Series of gurgling hoots given in flight as if in pursuit of female. Several times heard slight mew- ing or whining cries at higher pitch than male & with prolonged downward inflection. These, I hope to prove,are made by the female. June 15 Same place, but earlier,just at sund down . Male hooted several times while still very light .Followed sound & found him sitting in densest part clump firs & 6' off gn&. Sat still,resembled Screech Owls who come from hi hiding places & sit in shade untill dark enough to forage. This owl,however . soon began to fly about,into the higher trees & calling stopped. At this time the Glaucidium began calling close at hand & continued , causing extended silence on pt. Otus. Otus still there, answered softly my calls several times.(SEe under Glaucidium) Glaucidium apparently the dominant bird. June 20 One heard at 9:30PM just across rd. from Cedar Cabin, within game refuge, & within former terr. of #377. Heard at same time female Srix was baying near pool. I tried to approach the owl,but it ,like #377,kept always ahead & almost beyond audibility.Probably because was outside own terr.& driven back by my hoots.
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Marshall, 1938 Otusflammeolus Whitake#s, June 20 I expected to be able to follow it until it arrived in its terr., there it would stop & hoot while I would be able to observe it.However,it kept retreating at alarming rt. for no less than 500 yd.,directly uphill,& was followed with gt. difficulty. Finally caught up in vicinity of lg.dead cedar.After remaining still for a while, was able to call it to me. Its hoots were very loud & penetrating, the loudest & fullest tones yet heard.Apparently great resonance. Was seen in open, close against trunk dead cdé- cedar,in axil of branch stub,20 ft high.Silent.I began to call,& it flew about me in low trees from perch to perch looking intently . Looked most often upward; expected invader to be in higher trees, the normal place. Made slight rushing of wings when flew very close,and often noise as wings touched branches as flew thru dense growth yo u young trees. When peering about,used peculiar hunching motion ,rotating effect,raising head & bending body forward. Found why this owl so wild & hard to approach - snapped twig,owl jerke d forward & flicked wings violently - intolerant of approach of ground-trvelling enemies.As elong as I kept from moving around,owl flitted about looking for source of hoots.Definite terr. reaction. Perched directly in front & began giving loud full hoots but hoarse - the usual form when another bird near. Changed gradually into clear hoots.Head pointing up,posterior pt. body contracted,then sides of throat swelled greatly at each hoot.Throat greatly distended all time,even when not calling. Seemed as if it were amplifying hoots by bringing air-sacs into play, as indicated by compression of posterior flanks. Feathers of throat continually erect from its gt. glandular(?) enlargement.Long,silence,then last heard way up hill. (Only one apparent insect flight noticed.)
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01 autocomm[laudo] OS eaul ,aekatinh ji lijau ji woflot oj elda ed of deoegxe I jood & qoga binow ji eread ,.Trej aii ni sevitra ji,revewoh.ji evreedo oj elda ed blouw i efiw nadl sael on rof .jr grmraln ja galfretter jpen .dg dliw bewolfot asw & ,ilthqu viiseli.,yd 500 To yjinioiv ni qu snguso vileni? .yjinulffs ,efiw a xof ilija gnintamer rejfA.rebo besb.gi vrew erew njoon asl .em oj ji liao of elda asw aenoi jaelli & jaeboal ent ,anijerennik & long neee asw .eonanoei jsery vjdreppA.bisen yev ni,rabes -seo baeb hant janiya eselo ,nago ni oj naged I.rnell.dgdi ji OS.duja denard lo lixe dereq motl neeji wol ni em jnoda well ji &.liao nedlo juom bekoil . yljneini gnifing of perch ,aeen xengin ni ed of rebawni deJoeqxe ;biwqu gniw lo gnimau rnglla eham .esolp lanron ent gniw an suion nedlo bns,sacfo vrev well menh u oy njworj saneb wrnt well as aenched bedoned xeifqeq bean,jnoda gniveeq nedW .seewt gnuv beed gnialny,joelte gnitajor, nbltom gnindung os Iwo alij ydw bsnoI .dixwtoi ybod gnibred & afrst Iwo,giwj beqqana - dosomqa of bian & lifw furelojni - vijneloiv gniw benailf & biawtoi & gnole aa.seimene gnifievri-on org to desorqps to jnocD besfill Iwo,bnuola gnivom motl jpen I as .TreJ stinite.jnoon to swncos rot gnihool naged & jnoil ni yjoerib berovet .moiscoe Lanm ent - sraon jud eioon iluI hwoi gniyig vifsubayg beyndO .seen liid venvona nomw morw .jq rolveJeoo,qu gnitloyp baeb.srood aeio ofni erg hellewa jaumit lo eobia nedl,bedenrned ybod Ila bebnetaib vixery JaumT.jood dose ia ylja erev ji ji aa bemeeA .gnilso jon neda neve,emti ,yaio ofni aea-aia gnignrd yf eioon guivfiqma .axnail roivejeoo to nclaeerqmoa yd bojasbni as asI motl Joere vifsunfnco jaumit lo axenJsef neri,oonelra,gnoI.jnehegralne (?)talubnaig .jg .Illt qu yav bved Jaal (.beoison jngill Jessani jnetaqqa eno yinO)
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Marshall,1938 Otus flammeolus Whitakers Forest,5500 ft.,10 mi. NE Badger, Tulare Co.,Calif. June 22 After dark,clear,calm, no wind. Entered screech owl terr. at end road at NW corner prop- erty.Remained silent until after arrival.Heard no owls. Then gave calls & in 10 min., 2,presum- ably males, were answering.I continued to call, & remained seated & quiet?;soon both were in tre nearby, one calling louder & a major third above the soft tones or the other. The loudly-calling bird had been closest at the start,& may very well have been the "owner" of that part of the terr. as indicated by his dominant voice. Both birds withdrew after a while,their curiosity waning;and the soft-voiced bird was followed 75 yd. to the W. In a clump of young cedars next to a large black oak this bird & another silent companion were perched; on interior branches, 8' up & within 5' of each other.By this time the other male had arrived & had resumed calling from a fir near at hand.The two birds in the spotlight, I supposed to be a mated pair, the male hooting, the female silent. They made no particular actions toward ea ch other; the male' s hoots were clear, not the throaty sound given when two males meet.(Previously, when both males were together in the same tree, the other male had given the characteristic rushing hoots.) Both were very tame,were approached to within 10' and sat still in the light and peered at it & at me when I hooted. The male presently turned on his perch & flew higher & out of sight, where he exchanged calls with the other male far some time .The female (?) remained below & peered at me with that peculiar rotary motion (IN the frontal plane) so characteristic of all screech owls,.As so often the case, she would usually look upward when I hooted; no ear tufts were visible, the plumage was compressed,giving a trim appearance, & the size was not noticably larger than that of the males. At my closer approach, turned & leaned forward, then flew lightly to higher perch where seen.Feathers of heard, especially top, compressed so that head
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Marshall,1938 Otus flammeolus Whitakers Forest June 22 - outlined by facial disks.Wide- eyed & alert expression from dominant features, the large,brown eyes,large white tufts extending up from cere. Low-voiced male followed 75 yd.S. to cedar where sat in axil limb, 10 ft. up. Was unusual in that squatted on perch with feathers fluffed out & wings relaxed. Obviously a re sting pose, didn't look about for insect, remained quite still,giving low, soft hoots involving only slight body contraction.However, noticeable feature of hooting was expansion of sides of throat - feathers would part due to expansion & show the apterium on each side of neck. Both males of much less intensity of voice than the full-voiced bird heard on 20th. Meadows Flat, 5000 ft., W. Base Redwood Mt., Tulare Co., Calif/ June 27 Left camp before dawm on Morning coll- ecting trip to Meadows Flat. Hooted for Otus all the way & encountered the two whose terr. I passed through, namely, the one 100 yd. W Sequoi Ranger Station, and the one with the most uphill terr. ab by the road S Meadows flat. (This is the terr. just E of where male #431 was collect- ed.) It was fairly light when reached thi s last terr. and owl hooted only few min. but from the same trees as where heard last time. Whitakers Forest, 5500 ft., Le 10 mi. NE Badger Tulare Co., Calif. June 27 At dusk, at Terr. NW corner property, attempted to call up the two pairs usually there Got several very faint hoots in reply from male up hill from road.Soon stopped. Later, a male answered from gully near road, but gave only a few rather faint hoots. Apparently the "hooting season" is waning. June 28 After dusk, tried to call up owls in same terr.mentioned June 27. No response.
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Marshall, 1938 Otus flammeolus Whitakers Forest, 5500 ft., 10 mi. NE Badger, Tulare Co., Calif. June 30 At midnight, heard from my bed on E porch of Sugar Pine Cabin, the persistent & measured hooting of Otus from somewhere to N.E. Probable 150-200 yds. away. July 1 Same as above. Redwood Canyon, 6000 ft., Sequoia National Forest, Tulare Co., Calif. July 4 None heard in upper end Canyon nor within terr. of Strix occidentalis on saddle of Redwood Mt. July 6 Again, none heard in upper end Canyon, although called for persistantly. Whitakers Forest, 5500 ft., 10 mi. NE Badger, Tulare Co., Calif. July 9 Calm, clear; moon past lst [illegible]. Went to terr. at NW corner property in order to locate owls for flsh photo.About 11 PM. Called up one male, hooting rather softly and not until a long calling up. Returned [illegible] hr later with photographer, but owls not answering. Moon low, perhaps activities lessen late at night. Later, after moon had set, called for Otus in terr. above "haunted house". After much calling, finally obtained ans. far up on hill N haunted house. Followed in succession of stops up this hill - owl would call only a few times in succession then a long silence (15 min) and resume 50 - 100 yd. away. Would invar- iably stop hooting at my approach. Never saw, although twice managed to get under tree where owl was . Toward daybreak, back down hill, my hooting brought the owl near me on two occasions as indicated by three or 4 hoots each time. At no time this night did the owl give the steady & prolonged hooting characteristic of its be- havior several weeks ago.
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Marshall, 1938 CATALOG Otus flammeolus Big Meadow, 7659 ft., Sequoia Nat. Forest, Tulare Co., Calif. July 10-||Although owls at Whitakers in the transition zone have ceased the major pt. of their mating activities, as evidenced by their discontinuance of regular calling, and their failure to answer imit ated hoots; the owls at Big Meadow, in the Canadian Zone (Jeffrey Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Red Fir) are still at the hight of the "hooting period". Males hooted steadily and surrounded me when I entered their territor ies (hooting), and also were attracted by imit- ated female calls and by the actual calls of one female. This is the first locality where a female has been observed and followed by her calls for a long period of time. Also this locality has the most amazingly large population of Screech Owls of any yet worked, surpassing even that of Meadow Flat, at 5000 ft. The cause for the still great activity among the owls is, of course the usual lag of the seasons in the higher zones - the dense population may indicate a population center in the Canadian Zone with a tapering off in Transition and Hudsonian. Eight males & 1 female found in area abou 500 yd. by 500. Included flat country along a slow, winding stream - open stand Lodgepole Pines and immense Red Fir, open bare ground; and a grnite hill slope with very open stand J Jeffrey Pine and rocks & manzanita beneath. Owls not restricted to either type. Gibbous Moon - clear, calm. Observations from 9PM to 3 AM. During supper thought heard male far to north. After supper, called up one male a few paces N camp. Soon another, then another came. All three apparently attracted by my hoots. Stayed high in Red Firs and hidden in interiors. Could not locate with flashlight. Soon had a forth. None in same tree at same time. All with- in clear hearing dist. Trjed stunt of leading them along into low trees. Very successful. From the campfire called one that had been high in a Red Fir 60 yd away to a low Lodgepole Pine 15
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19. Marsh all, 1938 Otus flammeolus Big Meadow contin. July 10 cyd. away. Sat halfway up tree (30 ft up) and close to the trunk on a side branch; hooted continually. Clear eyeshine - same color as flash. Was collected and put into formalin - male #496. Worn plumage. Feathers on top head as if from entering woodpecker hole. 30 min. later, one coll. as called from red fir- not hidden in branches but on open stub. Shot at long range - flew down to group young Red Firs. Another male called in high voic a few yd. to S. First was found 45 min. later sitting upright, feathers drawn down, ear tufts high and erect,on branch young red fir.Was caught and put alive into a box. Subsequent history of #494: Slightly wounded in one wing. Actions similar to Otus asio. Feingns injury when handled, tenses body and will not sit up when picked up, rolls over on side, closew eay, etc.When left alone, sits up normally, sn snaps bill, and runs off when approached. Next morning, of many water bugs & other insects,put in box (also a frog) alive & dead, ate one large kind of fly. Photos taken by Woodbridge Metcalf, Univ. of Calif. extension forester and Ed Smyth, assistant farm advisor, Santa Barbara Co. When held up in sunlight, closed eyelids to narrow crack , flew down to gnd., hopped with wings outstretched to shade behind treetrunk.Put on sunlit twig of lodgepole pine. Hopped in criss-cross steps up the twig to trunk, where sat upright against trunk, elongated & with feathers compressed; ear tufts straight up & long due to contrast with rest feathers on head which were compre ssed.Blended perfectly with bark. Lids open when in shade. Next morn. died, feather fluffed out, ears down. * * * * * * Silence from all owls for over hr. Hiked N camp 300 yd. in hopes of finding poorwills.Also
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Marta M., 1928 QJEO aniuamniI Ol vluI .aifjaco wogaei efa hna (qu ji Oc) emi qu yavliari jaa .yawa .by cloae oc iue tixi a ia xani c o'e aoio continuaIfy. Cleer eyehine - sae coioo - nifamroi odpi juq bun beseleco asW .daaI beed qci no exenjaee .egmbie n'xow .3QA elae bi viiu ~ P .efob rekoqbocow gnixne moti ii ae moti beIIe sa .llao eho ,vejai .nim 0C nago no jud seienawi ni nebbin jon -ifi red quoy oj nwob well - ynar yacl ji jond .dufa ciov gair ni belleo elae tenJona .niI bed gnoov yoomi Ied iue .Another male celied in high voice vetai .nim 2A bnucf agw jarifi .8 oj .by wet a ajlou rae ,nwob-awrb-evebceif ,jcginq gnijjiae asW.iffi ber gnucy noned no,jdevo bue n'gin mcoI.AQA % elae.xod e ciai evifa juq bun jnguooc :4QA lo v'ojaid jneupeebd8 Uroijoa .zniw ono ni bebnwow yljnztis nenw yuqni angneli .oiaa - auJO oj rsliiis nedw qu tfa jon iiIw bus ybod seenel ,beibnad ,yae weaofc .ebis no revo afioy ,qu beksiq na ,ylfianroo qu ajla ,enole j'tei nenW.efe .bebsacrqqa nedw Tlo smut bus ,iIliid egana tedjo & ezed tejew ynam lo ,gnirium jxex & evifa (3ori-a oaia) xod ni juq,ajceani .vil lo bnik egami ono eja beeb .vinU .tisojcm agbizdbooW yf nexas aejodi ,dryme bw bus rejeeot noianexxe .iileC lo .co eradfa atngA ,roalvba mrai jnagJaaea abifeve beseIo ,jngIImne ni qu bien nenW beqpon ,.bnq oj nwobwell ,kacxo worian of bunded ebana of bebedevjaneoo agniw nliw eiopegboi lo aiwj jiImu no juf.Knubjeer: enj qu aqeja aeora-aeixo ni beqpon .snip janie ,jrqlqu jaa erianf ,xnuxc oj aliw ;beaseroeI evenJeei nliw & beJagole ,kniuk jaatjno c oeh qu gniziae ajjuc rae e'rcme ewe nohenl been ne amenjai jaev njiw u .xibii .Kzad nriw yfoceIreq bebnaif.beas rengsel ,beib .mcm jxex .ebda ai nedw .nwob akee ,j'ub beiluli * * * * * A bediH .nd revo roi aiwo Iie moti coneil8 oaia,aiifwrooq gnibni i to seecci ni .by 0C6 qmao
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Marshall, 1938 20. Otus flammeolus Big Meadow - Contin. July 10. called for with male O.f. call. Immediate ans. from clump Red Fir.in sm. hollow in gentle slope of granite, brush, & Jeffrey Pine.A high, quav- ering call, longer than usual, and 3 1/2 steps hig higher. Rising inflection. Evidently call of fem ale. Almost as loud as male; not given in stead ey, successive intervals - only occasional, in ans. to my hoots. Entirely different quality from male.Muffled & whining. Male called from gr grove tall firs bordering cr. 75 yd. away.Called steadily in usual fashion.Apparently stim. to call by the calls of the supposed female.After one hr. patient calling, finally led him out in open a second time where finally shot at long range by yellow eyeshine alone - 2/3 way up in open-branched Jeffrey pine. Male #493.midnight Female aroused again. Located tree several times - always high in tree & out of sight, probably sitting near trunk and behind branches as males usually do. Moved about within the one clump every 5-10 min. Shot once at pitch shine and once at knob on twig . Female continued to give the calls. Moved up into open Jeffreys up slope. Chased from tree to tree, often waiting 15 min. for next single call. Never allowed app- roach within 30 yd. and always remained conceale from long-range view. Moon bright, hense gter . diff. in locating by shine. Very shy - char. of females of many sp. Finally another male drawn in by commotion. Either an 8th (counting each heard in a different place & time ) or the 4th (the last one of the crowd heard all tog gether earlyies in the evening.) Readily caoo. from half-way up Jeffrey. Sitting on open br. and next to trunk. Shot at long range by yellow- ish eyeshine alone. Male #495.2am July 11 Female again chased for several hr., finally stopped calling - nearing morning, moon setting; all owls silent (If there were a total of 8 males.)
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March all, 1938 21. Otus flammeolus Haskin's Meadow, Buck's Lake, 5150 ft., Plumas Nat. Forest, Plumas Co., Calif. July 15, 1938 Moonlight, clear,ealm. No otus found in all lodgepole pine, red fir, and Jeffre Pine country in vicinity of Haskins M. 4or5 hrs. spent in usual procedure of calling & listening for ans. Many Horned Owls in region, if Otus were present, may have remained silent because of danger of exposing selves to Bubo. Very possible that Bobo would eat Otus.Also possible that Otus would not exist in terr. of Bobo as was assumed case in Terr. of Strix at Whitakers. Entire county along highway from Buck's Lake 15 mi. Toward Oroville. 5000 - 6000 ft., Plumas Nat, Forest, Plumas Co., Calif. July 16, L938 A very comprehensive search was made by auto, stopping every few hundred yds along high-way and spending 15 min. to two hrs. in attempt-ing to callup Otus f. Steps-were-made-se-that Stops were made in groups close together so that entire supposed terr. could be covered, thereby taking care of the possibility that an owl might be on a distant frontier of its terr. Stops were made in all kinds of associations: Red fir ( pure stands ),lodgepole pine bordering meadows, aspens along streams, Jeffrey Pine on k hillsides . Absolutely no answerin g calls were heard,. No owls of any other species were heard - Gt. Grey Owls were expected. Time - from sunset to midnight. Haskins Meadow on SW side Bucks Lake. July 17, 1938 Three male calls heard in succession & in typical fashion at dusk among lodgepoles on S edge meadow.Given after I had made imitation Pygmy Owl whistles. Could not locate further. Record not certain - many cow bells ringing, some of identical pitch & qualit y to @?f, Otus flammeolus.
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autoammalft auto ome, 'to idebnetli & jifpup y co 9474 recoed not eefiun - niwjfz jon hino, pygvy Oiw wjafzaw Conid moe locoge furher. 8 edge medgow.Given after I had made ioitad'ni ebm ban I re'jiu nevi9. Lsotqyj ypjlosi fasfion & buuk smow ja noifast on ni A naitasewna ni bwsed eilco edam in July 17, 1938 Haskin Meadow on SW side Bucke Lake. Time - from sunest of jeeamu mcfi - mitT ngladiim oj jeamu mc'fi - miTjdnjg. heard - Of Grey Owl .jt - bJdewere heard.. No owls of any other species were hliifides . Absolutely no answerin g calls swogwas, swogaas gnola aneqas ,amserja l eley life no scil yel'lel ,meqerza gnola Red fir ( pine stands ), lodgebols pine forest: Stops were made in all kinds of edam erew qpoS na tanj vilidilijyq ont the poasibilty that thereby taking care ot the poasibility that ,barveco od binoe ,that entire auqqpased fextt . Stops were made in groups o'edam squres mi edam ing to caliq Ojua t.'t auto quifas oj nai jan'-ea-eeaa-ezew-aqeja't . way and spreading is min. of two mile, ot nim if gahneqa bns ywaw ngin gnola aby berbaur wet yreve ganqpojs ,ojua A very comprehensive search were made by July 16, 1938 Nat. Forest, Piumas Co., Calif. is mi. Toward Oroville .5000 - 6000 ft., Piumas Entire country along highway from Buck's Lake Whitakers. Eoco as was assumed case in Terr. of British possible that Ours would not exist in fextt. to Very possible that Bobo would eat eilfcaq of ofia, am'zjae blow would eat eilifcaq of oduc oj seilea aniqpxqe to regnab to ensaweb If Ojua were present ,jmeaqy erew auto if nenlifa denismet even yam ,jmeaqy erew auto if lifafing for us. Many Horned Owls .ana rot gairfajif ,moijqas mi awo berbaur MAM. ana rot gairfajif & gairfag of calling & gniflag of Haskine to Haskine in vicinity of Haskine in fextt. 10 for stl'lel and jell'e .no ojuq on ,mme,aiefo,jgnllingy,July 15, 1938 Nest. Forest, Piumas Co., Calif. Haskin's Meadow, Buck's Lake, S150 ft.. Flumas autoammalft auto
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M arshall, 1938 Otus flammeolus Eshom Cr. Campground, 5000 ft., W Base Redwood Mt., Tulare Co., Calif. August 6, 1938 Upon learning from Ranger Volmer at Sequoi Guard A- Station that a camper at Eshom had a small live owl, this camper was sought out and the owl investigated. A man in an adjoining camp had felled a dead yellow pine snag for fire wood two weeks before and had found three young "Bill "Billy Owls" in a cavity apparently at the base of the stump.Two were dead (I couldn't find whether they had been killed by the felling or whether they had died previously.) The third was alive although injured and was taken home to a lady in the camp. This lady was next interviewed as was also her small son who had fed the owl. He said that it had taken readily food of all kinds especially bread soaked in milk, beetles, and most of all, worms. It had died after a week in captivity and had been buried (this having taken place a week ago.) They said that it had brown eyes and was "Just a little Billy Owl." A man listening in said that he had seen one the night before near his camp at dusk. The young buried owl was finally dug up and is now preserved in formalin. Juv. # 511. When washed, many of the body feathers sloughed off, but the well developed rectrices & remiges held on. They were colored like those off the adult birds; the juvinal body feathers were uniformly barred with grey & white as in a young Screech Owl,. There was no indication anywhere of any rufous color ,. Whitakers Forest, 5500 ft., 10 mi. NE Badger, Tulare Co., Calif. August 6 In the evening, after dark, a walk was taken after dark to the terr. NE the "Haunted House". Here the owls behaved exactly as they had at the beginning of the season, except that calling was not so prolonged. The male with the triple note preceding his regular hoot, answered immediately from a clump of tall firs, and kept on calling 22.
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Marshall, 1938 23. Otus flammeolus Whitakers, contin.,August 6 for 15 min. in usual fashion.(Alternating singl- successions of single hoots with successions of same preceded by triple note.) Moved twice - ended up in high yellow pine where remained concealed and in upper pt. tree. During course of its calling, another male was heard several hundred yd. S and once a sharp whine was heard high in nearby pine which I took to be the call of the female.This whine was the usual 3[illegible] steps higher in pitch than the male call, was longer, and ininflected downward. None of the owls were seen. At least, however, they are still callinfg, although not as much as earlier in season. Why is this group of owls calling, where- as those at the NW corner of the property are altogether silent? Which group is representim of the entire population? They should now be observed in all the terr. in order to get an average estimate of theis seasonal phase of thei behavior. August 8 No Otus called up in terr. at NW corner at dusk. August 9 Dusk - at NW corner Whitakers. Couldn't call up Otus,.However, did hear Strix calling several hundred yd. to S* , probably within its terr. on the S side Eshom Cr. I gave imita- tions of Strix for quite a while and soon a slight moan was heard from a yellow pine close at hand.Was high ?(3[illegible] steps above normal pitch for male call) , very slight in intensity,and had double inflection : Up, then down again. Was of longer duration than usual stacatt?@ call of male. Was obviously an alarm note because if was given only imidiately after one of my Strix hoots, and was invariably uttered sooner or later after each hoot. Given only singley, not in regular intervals, . Also could be the usual call of female. Only collection
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January 8, 1955 autoemitted auto Winkler, Minnesota, January 8, and that if it is not possible to avoid such consequences - fatal - of course we can't do anything about it. But we have no choice. We're in a position where we can't do anything else but wait and see what happens. If we don't act now, we may lose everything. And then there will be no point in trying to recover our losses later on. So far so good. Let's hope this doesn't turn out to be a disaster for everyone involved.
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24. Marshall, 1938 Otus flammeolus could determine with certainty whether or not this is the call peculiar to the female or merely an alarm note of the male. However, I shall consider it to be that of the female because on this night a true male call was heard several times nearby at the same time that the occasional moans from the unknown bird were heard. The male notes were heard in answer to my male & female hoots at a time when I had refrained from giving Strix hoots for quite a while. Wherever the male was, he remained absolutely silent when I began giving more Strix hoots, and the supposed female start- ed calling again from the same perch where last heard. As to be expected of a female , this bird was quite hard to approach, and hard to follow because the alarm calls were given so sparingly. It moved on ahead of me, going from one clump of trees to the next, but always giving the little moaning sound "0000000" after each of my Strix notes. Finally I got close eno enough to see it as it sat out away from the trunk on a long horiz . limb of a sugar pine. It gave a clear ,light eyeshine, and sat for about a minuit, looking from side to side and finally climaxing a session of "Hard looking towards the W , by flying suddenly & swiftly off in that direction. I had no gun at the time, & was unable to collect the bird. August 10 Same place & time. Noluck in finding female although a male was called up twice by imitated female hoots,.. However, the male at each of these occasions became totally silent when I gave Strix hoots. This fact is certain because The bird called with typical male calls from the same spot ater the Strix hooting had been ceased for several minutes and Otus notes were given. This also goes to prove that the moa n note heard the night before was not made by th this male bird but probably by a female. August 11 ditto None, male nor female heard.
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Marshall, 1938 Otus flammeolus Whitakers Forest, 5500 ft., 10 mi. NE Badger, Tulare Co., Calif. August 13 Hiked over to Redwood Canyon after sunset. No Otus heard nor seen. Spent much time later in evening, after moon had risen, trying to call them up all the way back. Came back by way of old road taking a notherly di ection down from the saddle of Redwood Mt. None heard at all until the Whitakers boundary was neared and the owl inhabiting the terr. above the "haunted house" was heard in the dist. I followed it to its usual calling area where it called for a short time from a group of very high white firs. It soon stopped calling, and I proceeded along old logging road from Haunted house and corral (shown on map) toward public camp. At the creek crossing, a male was heard in the terr. of the first specimen collected - male #377. This new bird was close to the junction of road & cr. and was in a rather dense stand of mixed young conifers - not very high. It called vigor ously & steadily and was easily approached. Soon it was attracted down near me and sat on a deead branch about 6ft. away from my head & hooted. I watched it for quite a while by flash- light .I couldn't determine the progress of the molt - the bird looked in normal plumage. It sat hunched slightly forward,looked about as usual, and as usual, no ear tufts were visible. I tried an exp. of giving a loud Strix hoot to see what his reaction would be. He immediate- "froze" and remained perfectly silent. His only motion for about 10 min was to look down at me ater a heel.loud Strox hoot. I noticed that when I first would turn on the light,an eyeshine was visible from the bird's pupil.But almost immediately, he would draw down his iris and only a very small pinpt. of light would be reflected. Very tame & not in own breeding terr,.. young? Another male was presently heard farther up the hill, the one I was watching soon flew
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1938, November October Journal "We are now in the midst of the great war. It is a terrible thing to see our boys die for their country, but it is necessary. We must do everything we can to win this war." Hiking over to Redwood Canyon after lunch. No one heard any sound except the birds singing in the evening. I saw a deer and some rabbits. They were very quiet. I did not see any other animals. The weather was cool and clear. The air was fresh and crisp. The trees were full of leaves, and the ground was covered with fallen leaves. It was a beautiful day for hiking. I hiked over to Redwood Canyon after lunch. No one heard any sound except the birds singing in the evening. I saw a deer and some rabbits. They were very quiet. I did not see any other animals. The weather was cool and clear. The air was fresh and crisp. The trees were full of leaves, and the ground was covered with fallen leaves. It was a beautiful day for hiking.
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Marshall, 1938 Otus flammeolus Whitakers, contin. August 13 higher & back to his original hooting perch where he called from perfect concealment. On the way back to camp & only 200 mi.S where last 2 were heard, still another male was heard, and still within the original terr of #377 - which had been vacant almost all summer. Also a Strix washeard farther up the hill, and all Otus became silent. August 14-15 The night of Aug. 14-15 was spent in bed under the clump of firs where last had been heard the Otus f. who ranges N haunted house. On the way out to this spot, the new bird of Aug. 13 was heard again, calling steadily in breeding season style from same stand young tress. Also the 2nd was heard farther up hill ,, Although a moonlit night, owl was only heard at one occasion in the terr. where I camped.It was finally attracted by male & femal hoots the grove where I was camped. Here it call ed with a very small voice and for only a shor time. Towards dawn, it was silent, but suddenly an Otus asio began to call from the same tree where fl. had last been heard. Thecreech owl may well have been a wandering bird of the yr.; evertheless,here was a stiking overlapping both of range and of niche. (At this same time, a Glaucidium was also heard nearby.) Big Meadow, 7659 ft., Sequoia Nat. Forest, Tulare Co., Calif. August 15 Sunset to about 3:00 AM A great deal of time was spent, covering several widely separated areas, and calling & lis listening for Otus f. All types of habitats were tryed , all unsuccessfully. Finally the spot on the road to Buck's Rock Lookout, where the four owls were collected an July 10, was revisite d. An owl was soon called up across the cr. 200 yd. S camp . It would start a given series of single hoots only with low, soft, mellow, un- inflected Otus hoots, but would then increase pitch & intensity until it was giving a
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Marshall, 1938 27. Otus flammeolus Big Meadow, contin.August 15 very loud ,barking hoot not at all like the call of Otus. Its habits were different also. It would stop hooting when I would turn on the light, it called from the very topsof the tree. It would flush when I was still a long distance away, and would much later resume calling a long distance away.All together, it covered a terr. far larger than the normal sized one for O.F. Therefor, I conclude it to be some other sp., probably the Long-eared Owl. Only twoo notes were heard during the entre night,which could safely be ascribed to Otus flammeolys. In the terr. where the female was traced by her"accasional notes on July 10, two notes were heard which were identical with those heard on the 10th. They were given apparently in answer to my male hobts, but no amount of calling sti m the female to the pt. of calling a third time, and she wasnot seen at all. On the 16th, several hrs. were spent in looking into cavities in trees for nests, None were found. or roosting owls
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Marshall, 1939 28. Othus flammeus 1/2 mi SE Flagstaff, 7000 ft. Coconino Co., Calif. Arizona. June 1, 1939 Arrived after dark on clear windless cool evening with almost full moon. Camped in flat stand yellow pine at S&D base San Francisco Pk, 1/2 mi E & N of Flag. on highway, then 6 500 yds N into pine forest. Railroad (Santa Fe) coming up from E - S, curving around N & W of camp, only 200 yds away. Trains coming up & down all into cars on highway making racket all night. Low Ridge 150NW Railroad track. At about 9 PM after fixing light set out directly for W. crossed track after 200/ yds, (where waited for train; then walked 150 yds W up ridge - rocky slope. large open yellow pines. Called
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Marshall, 1939 Flagstaff Otus flammeus for FS owls, as soon as the engines of train had died down, I heard answer from 2/3 way up large yellow pine 50 yds to S. Answered with single hoots usual pitch, quality, & tempo (2 1/2-3 sec intervals). Trunk clear 1/2 way. Eyes shine pink- collected as sat on horiz branch of the open-branched tree. Walked straight back to camp to tell party to stay there for nite. On way called up 2nd at 150 yds SW camp. Got members of party to listen - we I tried to stalk. I saw after it had followed me near camp. Got other members of party to listen. Saw pinkish eyes shine from 50 yds. I'd saw form as sat hooting in low dense pine. Tried to stalk ti show part. Flew when I talked to them. While I had been stalking, it
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Marshall, 1939 Flagstaff, Ariz. Otus flammeolus had answered my notes with single hoots, then preceded by double grace note, then I had considerably lowered pitch & changed quality toward Greater type. Prepared at 1657 immediately 1st taking out contents of full stomach & saving in tissue paper. (about 1/2 hr. after coll.) At about midnight started out again in same direction as before. (June 2) [Members of Party: Dan Welles AB, VC; Oliver Bowen junior VC (geol), Frank Peabody AB UC - teaching assist in Paleo - Thanks due to Welles for camping in timber on way to Meteor Crater.] Now at 12.15 June 2, set out again toward W. Tried to call up 2nd & - he didn't answer until I was right on top of him - 150 yds. SW Camp. Started out very
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeolus 31. Flag - June 2 softly and only 1-5 notes every few min. I tried moving around - succeeded in getting him excited - followed me - gave protest breathy hoots: boot-op, bootle - an interval of a major 3rd between 2 grace notes & main hoot - than slighter yet distinct slur down again (1 major 3rd) on last syllable. Daws him fly into oo pines 30' high / (upper parts) then got him into the low bare branches of a similar pine within a rather dense clump. (flight preceded by clattering of twigs which his wings would hit on the takeoff.) Sat far out on dead horiz. twig (protected by clump) and about 4' above my head. Sat very still & silent while I moved under him & hooted. Looked at the light. Jerked
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Marshall, 1939 Othus flammeus Flag. June 2 tail down once, fluffed feathers. I previously saw him before he stopped hooting. drew wings in toward body at each hoot.] Dat ? still for about 10 min - silent physmage compressed - especially that around head - giving square-headed, big-eyed appearance. Eye-shine pinkish when farther away. Finally moved to horiz position and flew directly away. Couldn't get him to answer any more; as I moved away from his terr., he followed and answered about twice, then silent. Crossed tracks to a meadow opening out from the a side canyon in the western ridge mentioned above called for O.f. all time. Up where the canyon narrowed and the yellow pine and black (?) oaks became denser, got answer from ♂.
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeolus Flag, June 2 He called sparingly from a dense group of young pines. I heard a higher sharp single staccato note several times near him. Looked into a dense grove of sapling pines (where I had heard a twig rustle, and saw an Of. sitting on an horizontal twig in the interior. It was perched upright then it would lean forward and shake so vigorously that it was almost a blur. It picked at its foot with its beak several times ( held the foot up to its head as it stood on the other). Finally flew out of the clump, flicking its wings on the twigs again. Heard the ? no more. The Of was not hooting spontaneously nor for any length of
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeolus Flagstaff, Ariz.; June 2. Time. Would answer my hoots with soft notes if I moved from place to place often enough. Would often come very close to answer although I never saw him. He perched sometimes in open-branched high yellow pines, often in dense groves of sapling pine, and in black oaks. I walked up the canyon which was now, very narrow & choked with small pines, and the Ot was silent! About 75 yards farther, a O answered, may have been same one. Called very faringly & very softly - only single hoots. I followed it up the N side of the canyon & tried to see it as it called fairly steadily (as long as I answered from time to time) from a black oak. I circled the oak (among small pines)
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeus Flagstaff, Ariz., June 2. but couldn't see the owl. & & couldn't be sure where he was because of unusual ventriloquial quality of hoots. tried to lead him up to open grove of tall yellow pines on a flatt. Another male answered -- noticeable difference in pitch between the 2 -- (both calling together; thl 1st was 1/2-1 step higher than 2nd.) Shot 2nd male as he sat high among dense branches of middle- aged, dense-crowned pine. Clear, pink eyes shine. After the shot, 1st & silent but heard two staccato & notes -- at least 4 & pitch, but double -- loop-loop 1/2 sec interval for the 2 syll. Couldn't hear or look locate & farther. Picked up & #658 & took out contents of stomach.
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeolus Flagstaff, June 2 [Several times while chasing the previous O with the slightly higher-pitched voice had heard a low harsh squawk - something like a spotted owl. ] Walked 300 yds W along the top of the flat ridge thru open forest of yellow pine. Returned & called up O at head of previous canyon - may have been same high-pitched one. Very shy - altho came into pile above my head once. then heard double squawk notes (Spotted or Barred Owl?) & O.F. called far away to NW - then silent. Tried to follow big owl - couldn't see it, altho it squawked several times from tops of dead pines. Walked back to camp - no more owls heard - getting light in E.
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeolus 1/2 mi. W Flagstaff, Coconino Co., Ariz., 7000 ft. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) N ♂ strike ♂#658 ♂ canyon meadow spring (Ridge) ♂ #657 200 yd 150 yd Camp ♂ 500 yd Flag 1/2 mi Perhaps same ♂ in canyon- heard in 3 places. Note - double ♀ call higher ♂ call Protest note with downward slur at end. No ♂'s calling spontaneously nor for long periods. San Francisco mt. Coconino Co. Ariz. moonlit night, high wind. June 25, 1939 None found in dense Boreal forest on E pk. - fir, hemlock, pine, spruce, birch, aspen.
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeolus Village, South Rim Grand Canyon, Ariz., Ariz. July 18 1939 Left Public Camp at 12:30 A.M. No moon, calm, clear. Walked east to open groves of tall yellow pine on gentle slopes on E. edge of village. Heard or on N side of highway. Traced to small, dense yellow pine in clearing of artemesia. Notes of normal pitch, tempo, & variations. Flew across clearing to dense young pine on edge - called again. I approached within 50 ft. & he changed to rushing note - husky, much lower pitch & with a distinct added syllable: boot-opp foot-le a minor 3rd - the last & 1st 2 syll. on same note. Located as sat next trunk or living limb 25 ft. up. Quick eyeshine. Called gleady with protest assent-note. I heard from the other side of clearing a series of high-
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeolus Village, South Rim Grand Canyon, Co. Ariz. July 19, 1939 pitched yapping cries, not musical notes - like rick- rick-rick- about 3 or 4; very similar to low daybreak cries of Otus asio. May have been female - proper pitch. I gave spotted owl hoots & it was silenced - sat still. No sound from ♀. After 15 min I hooted (O. f.) again & it hooted again. He at length came low down in the tree when I watched him at close range as he sat on bare horiz branch & next to trunk. Fluffed out feathers with gt energy & voice. Stopped hooting & would look at me otherI squawked. Sitting at about 50-60° L. Heard again the ♀(?) cries. It moved & galled in tree 3Dyd. away. I followed it as I attempted to locate him, heard wings chick on twigs in yellow pine
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Marshall, 1939 Othus flammeus Grand Canyon, July 19 overhead looked up with light ( ♂ still calling nearby) & saw m. owl fly to next tree. There I saw it, sitting high & in interior & on horiz branch. Eyes shine pinkish. Looked like FSU- probably ♀ - silent - male still calling. ♀ flew - then ♂ returned, hooting (in flight) to former perch. I walked farther into timber & called. ♂ followed & hooted from twig on side trunk of tall pine. I attempted to see how far the ♂ could be heard - walked 75 yds - then he stopped hooting. Went back & started him hooting again at same perch. ♀ walked 150 yds. back S to highway. Called there & ♂ stopped calling - after 1 min heard twig snap in high pine overhead & ♂ started hooting there again. Walked 150 yds. down Rd. ♂ still heard distinctly the very faintly at 150 ft.
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Marshall, 1938 Otus flammeolus Grand Canyon, July 19, 1939 I hooted, same result - seeing then sound of wings on twig, then a hooting above head. Walked 200 yds farther- a barely audible at 200 & hardly recognizable as an owl - sound distorted as it came thru trees. 2 more 150 yds jaunts with results, as before & I was back at the village, dawn breaking, & the a hooting in pine near village bus garage. I last 2 jaunts may have been a 2nd a - lower note T. tht heard Spotted Owl call once. Edge of transition - soon pine timber. Tapers off into pinon-juniper.
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeolus Trail from Tenaya Lake to Mirror Lake (10.9 mi long), Yosemite Nat. Park, Mariposa Co. Calif. July 20, 1939 No moon, clear, calm at dusk. Begun working forest in flat country around S part Tenaya lake for O.f. Almost pure lodge-pole pine in dense stands surrounding granite areas or meadows. Not far below subalpine forest of mt hemlock etc. But above typical Canadian zone Jeffrey pine & red fir. Spent about 3 hrs - no results. Finally arrived at an open grove of red fir on a slope after crossing a lot of granite country. Now about 1/3 mi. down trail. Red fir, W. white pine & lodgepoles(?) around a pond. Open forest of large trees. Exposed slope (not a deep canyon). A or calling when arrived. May have started when heard my boots further up trail.
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Marshall 1937 Otus flammeolus Yosemite, July 20, 1937 It came to nearly lodgepole & hooted in normal fashion - then protest note. Usual behavior except that this 1 more curious (?) & perched lower and in the open - one on tips of bare branches of dead trees and in the open portions of live trees. Not known to do thus. Shot at him several times with sling - no interruption in hoots. Another 1 called farther away. I walked into the trees & called both into near me - one in one high tree, the other in another about 10 yds away. I remained silent while they each gave protest notes a while - then one flew into the other's tree & there was consider- able clatter & banging of wing against twig. Presently only one was hooting, apparently an actual
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marshall, 1939 Othus flammeolus Yosemite, June 20 conflict - territorial or other- wise. The remaining 7, probably the 1st, still followed me about very gladly & perched in opposed places. I built a fire & Woody & I left an hour or so - then tried to call up the owls again - but with no fortune success. Next walked down trail about a mile & arrived at dense forest of tall firs on the slopes surrounding a wet narrow meadow along a slow stream. Called up 3 Ot's in succession. All hooting in unison & came near each other, then spread out again & 2 stopped calling somewhat later. A great diff. in pitch - intervals me sol, la, respectively. I followed the nearest Ot, which had the low voice.
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Marshall, 1939 45. Otus flammeolus Yosemite July 20, 1939 I called in usual fashion and gave protest notes when I approached it closely. I saw it once as it perched in a young pine (lodgepole) out on the end of a foliated branch. Also saw it once high in a tall dead tree and shot at it with sling. Soon called a short distance away while I was in what seemed to be its territory, it would regularly use certain perches in several certain trees and return to each from time to time. Woody & I next hiked down the trail for 1/4 mi. at least attempting to call up other owls but this one followed me for the entire distance. Several times he followed without being called. This combined with the great distance involved seemed to show that this was not a territorial reaction, but
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Marshall, 1939 46. Otus flammeolus yoemite, July 20, 1939 behavior due to curiosity aroused by the lights & calls. (A horned owl was calling far away the whole time.) The procedure was as follows: I would leave the owl while it still called—would walk silently about 100 yds or more then begin to shoot. Immediately the ♂ would become silent. In 15-30 sec., a rustling would be heard in a tree above my head & in as long an interval more the ♀ would begin to answer. This ♂ was led thus for at least a mile thru the fairly heavy timber of this canyon. Then the trail rounded an open, granite, south-facing knoll, sparsely covered with manzanita, and (an occasional stunted red fir or sierra juniper—very open; trees about 50 yds. apart) The owl readily followed us, even in this
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Marshall, 1939 47. Otus flammeolus Yosemite, July 20, 1939 open country & could be seen easily by moonlight or flashlight as it flew swiftly directly & low (10') over the open places. Its eyeshine also could be seen for a good distance. It was moving around more than usual; that is, it would not stay long in any one perch. (The bird all this time had never perched near enough for a shot.) It was seen for a moment in a solitary dead pine then it called from a dense juniper. I gave Spotted Owl calls hoping to cause the owl to 'stay put'. It became immediately silent, but I could not see it anywhere in the 20' juniper. After ½ mi. the trail again entered a fine open forest of large red firs on sloping ground. A ? was heard a long distance away & was not called in.
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeolus Yosemite, July 20, 1939. Farther on however, a ? was called up. He answered from a huge tree about [illegible] yds. away. I walked over there & got him to follow me back to the trail. Then he followed down trail into terr. of next (+ last) #1 (#8). Both called normally. Now getting light. The two began apparently to forage - called less, and for shorter periods, & moved around much. 2nd ? seen once to give in insect- capturing flight - out from middle of tall fir. Both flying rapidly about in tops of [illegible] trees. Only half-way down trail when dawn arrived & just barely getting into what now seems to be the true habitat, namely, open forest of tall red firs & Jeffrey pines - sloping grd, not a deep canyon. At dawn we were The two owls continued to call & fly around until fairly light. We were about
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Marshall, 1939 49. Otro flammeolus Yosemite July 20, 1939 5 or 6 mi. from Mirror Lake at this pt. New things learned: 1. Habitat - a. not in subalpine dense forests on flat grad (lodge-pole pine) b. In red fir & Jeffrey Pine belt in transit Canadian zone - getting much more abundant as transition is neared 2. Territoriality - fight between two males 3. Curiosity or Terr? - following me for 1+ miles 4. Differences in pitch of a's calls 5. One & using very conspicuous perches 6. Foraging scratched 7. Call & answer readily even this late in summer.
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Marshall, 1939 Othus flammeolus Staywhile Spring, 5150 ft., Blue Mts., Columbia Co., Wash. July 26, 1939 Clear, windless, bright moon. Camp in open valley, sloping to E., in Canadian zone timber - dense forest of larch, lodgepole pine, red fir, spruce. Ad. & young Horned Owls calling, squawking & hooting in this valley. Started out after supper (about 8:30 PM). Couldn't call up any Othus fl. in the entire valley. Walked up 1 mi. (N) to main road at top ridge (Skyline Rd.). Attempted to find yellow pine forest on S-facing slope one mi. W of this junction - but the area was burned over. The heavy forest of small, subalpine trees, growing along the ridge, was apparently uninhabited by Othus fl. Walked about 3 mi. E & along Skyline Rd. (from the S-facing slope above) calling all way. Forest too dense, trees too small (apparently). Finally, at 3 mi., (one mi. or more past junction of road to Twin Buttes) found some good-looking stands of red fir - huge trees, in open, park-
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Marshall, 1939 Two flammeolus Blue mts., Wash. July 26. like groves. The upper limit of this habitat. all the surrounding co. was covered with the dense subalpine forest. This red-fir grove sloped to the north and covered an area (at the top of the ridge) abt of only 5 or 6 acres. Lay down here to rest. At about 11 PM, began to call again & got extremely faint answer after 15 min. Drew the ♂ out in customary procedure. His calls typical. A second, with very much softer note, was heard several times - but didn't call steadily like 1st. 1st ♂ collected as called in high red fir. good eyeshine (pink). 2nd ♂ heard no more - nor would it answer. 1st ♂ = 680, picked up (snapped bill loudly). Moulting - only 2 tail feathers. Stomach contents taken out immediately. Time of collection - abt 12. Stayawhile Spring July 27 1939 Also a calm, clear night with moon until later. Got MV2. ♂
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeolus Blue Mts., Wash, July 27th, intending to drive it & E along Skyline Rd. to where I had previously seen a fine forest of yellow pine. Hooper, Tevis & I set traps at Wildcat Springs (2 mi. W. Godman Spring Ranger Sta.) at dusk. Several Gt. Horned Owls were hooting in this deep Red fir forest, & one was attracted near me (seen by Tevis). I was unable to call up any Otus there. After dark, we drove W to the place where # 680 had been taken the night before. I expected to call up the 2nd # - but was unable to do so, although I worked the area for about 1 1/2 hrs. I saw one flying squirrel. Perhaps the 2nd bird of the night before was not in a fixed terr.; or was more or less silent due to the molting season - or perhaps a young indiv. About an hr. later, Tevis & I started out in the car along the Skyline Rd. & in the direction of the Ranger Station. We went past the station, for a total of about
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Marshall, 1939 53. Two flammeolus. Blue ms., Wash., July 27. 9 miles from Staywhile. We had stopped several times along the way, but no owls had been called up - very dense forests. However at this point, 9 mi. NE Staywhile Spring, the forest was an open one of big red firs and was on a knoll. The forest was quite open & there here for an area of several acres, and there were many several yellow jines among the red firs at the top of a knoll. We walked past this place hooting. I thought I heard a & cry farther on. Then we walked past the open grove again & a & answered readily, calling very softly at first. He soon was calling regularly & followed us around. He finally came into a very high & partially dead fir next to the road & was collected as he sat very high in this tree, & in an exposed position. Notes typical. No more were heard. Collected at about 12. #687. (E) Next we drove down the road 1 mi., and came to another opening in the forest, where the
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Marshall, 1939 54. Otus flammeolus Blue Mt., Wash. July 27 trees were larger, sparser farther apart, & where there were many yellow pines mingled with red fir. (Lodgepoles, spruce, larch, absent from this warmer & more exposed ridge. This was the second such locality visited that night, & here again, an owl was found. (10 mi. NE' Staywhole Spring, Columbia Co., ⚠ Wash.) It was called up - answered softly at 1st- at about 1 A.M.- actually the 28th. This bird called from a dense clump of very tall trees standing in the open on a rather steep hillside facing S. The bird perched low in these trees & always in toward the trunk. It called steadily, & in the usual fashion - also gave very gruff protest note when I approached it. Its note was similar to that of the ♂ at Grand Canyon. It often hooted while in flight, & would always start with clear hoots after arriving at a new perch. It moved for back & forth from the clump to one or the other of 2
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Marshall, 1939 55. 2 Otus flammeolus Blue Mtns. West., July 27 yellow pines, standing in the open. To eyesight was seen clearly from one of these trees at a dist. of about 50[illegible] yds. 65 yds. I was sitting on the hill above the dense clump trying to locate the ? while [illegible] called from low in the clump. Suddenly, a new bird began to hoot from the very top of the tree in which the other was sitting. The beginning single notes of the newcomer were of typical Otus f. pitch & intensity, but soon they were raised & expanded into the full (box) bark of a long-eared owl. In attempting to see the long-eared owl, I finally caught the reflection from the flammulated owl—who had become silent as soon as the long-eared owl had hooted. The f? Otus was then collected #688 & nothing more heard or seen of the Osio. I picked the owl up (2AM) & promptly fell asleep—asleep—woke up a little before dawn. Apparently the habitat well-defined—local in this region, hence scarcity of Otus flammeolus.
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Marshall, 1939 56. Otus flammeolus 5 mi. NW Albree, Blue Mts., Umatilla Co., Oregon July 30, 1939 Camp in flat, & very sparse forest of yellow pine. Long, low ridge (over saddle of which the highway came) to the NE was more heavily wooded on the S slope. Longhurst & I went to the ridge & as soon as we hit the timber (pure yellow pine - open forest - many clear areas) on this ridge, Longhurst heard a call. He believed that it had been calling previous to my shooting. Longhurst heard it before I could hear anything myself. We approached it as if called from very high in an & immense yellow pine standing at the edge of a little clearing. This tree was about 50 yds. from us. Longhurst maintained that the bird was at least 200 yds farther on. It had a call which was almost impossible to place - probably due to the ht. height from which it came. After covering quite a bit of the adjoining
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Marshall, 1939 Otus flammeus Blue Mts. 5 mi. NW Albee Umatilla Co., Ore. July 30 1939 terr., I concluded that the bird was in the above tree & I soon caught the passing glint of its eyeshine. Presently it flew when Longhurst & I [illegible] tramped about too much in the dry leaves. It soon called from some lower trees farther on. It was collected from 10' up in a young yellow pine sitting upright on a horiz. limb near trunk. Previously had flown around us quite a bit & had come very close several times. It called steadily, but gave no protest calls. A horned Owl far was hooting all this time, far to the S. Clear, calm, moonlit night. No other owls found in several square miles of V forest. Longhurst thought he heard [illegible] more than one when the 1st was heard. It was taken at about 10 PM, #693.
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Marshall, 1939-40 58. Otus flammeolus Whitaker's Forest, Tulare Co., Calif. Nov. 17-19 None found in any of the territories - couldn't see any in terr. at dusk - couldn't call up. Good weather - warm "Indian summer" - no snow. If owls did remain in Calif. during winter, I should expect them to 'stay up' at Whitaker's in such contin. of summer weather; i.e. would not be down in the oaks. Didn't work oak country, so can't prove. 6 Mt. St. Helena, Lake Co., Calif. May 17 Whitaker's Forest, Tulare Co., Calif. June 4 Arrived with Ralph Waltz at dusk. Looked for Of.at about 9 pm. No moon; calm. Walked from camp along old logging road to haunted house corral (terr. C). None answered until arrived at C. Then only faint hoots from a male; close. Heard a few more times up on the hill above haunted house. Couldn't get it to respond steadily. Perhaps because of the noise Ralph made in walking. Only on e male heard. Whitaker's general region June 5. Ralph let me off at Meadows Flat at dusk. Walked up road toward terr. P. Couldn't call up Otus because a pair of spotted owls were making so much noise. Decided to get a spotted owl; in course of so doing, heard two Otus
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Marshall, 1940 59. Otus flammeolus Whitaker's Forest, 5500 ft., W slope Redwood Mt., Tulare Co., Calif. June 5, 1940 in open yellow pine grove by gulley with big boulders at terr. L. Hooted continuously tho softly even while the two spotted owls were barking. For spotted owl account see Strix occidentalis. After I collected a spotted owl I returned to the road at the south border of terr. O. Called an otus from O. to a large black oak at the roadside. Shot at it, but only got a couple of feathers. It was sitting on a high branch and in full view. Walked on up the road and called up a male in terr. R (a little south-east of same). Walked back to camp via Meadows Flat, Sequoia Guard Station. Called up a male in terr. N, one ♀ in flat pine country ½ way between Meadows Flat and Meadow at the guard station. The last bird heard that evening was called up north of the guard station, about 100 yards north of terr. H. From this account it can be seen that the owls are present in numbers comparable to those in 1938; that they are spaced in about the same way, but not necessarily in the same identical areas.
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Marshall, J.T., Jr. Arizona; Coconino Co. May 23 - June 24, 1939
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment 3 mi N Seligman, 5700 ft; Coconino Co. Ariz. Camped here late in aft. May 23-7/1939 of 23rd. Camp in a little flat grassy valley running N to low ridge at SE corner of mesa. This low ridge was lower coconino, which contained many tracks. Upper Sonoran - arid. Yuccas of several kinds, cactus, sparse chaparral of sage, many annuals, and an unusual variety of large and beautiful flowers - Penstemon, Oenothera, etc. Also a scattering of juniper. Very rocky. In the grassy valley were Lark Sparrows (about 6) and several Eastern Meadowlarks - with clear delicate whistled song - not gurgling, loud throat as in W. Meadowlark. Also had different call-notes. Chased a wood pewee from bush to bush with slingshot. After dark, coll. Poorwill # 650 & from rocky side of mesa. Heard about 5 altogether - no moon, all poorwills stopped calling 1/2 hr. after dark unless I passed thru their own terr. & whistled.
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment 3 mi N. Heligman, 5700 ft., Coconino Co., Ariz. May 26. Early in morning coll. a Gray Vireo - several around camp - often in pairs & pursuing F. In absence of high trees for song perches, the M's sang beautifully on the wing. V. Solitary Vireo - but with more trills & runs & phrases in closer succession. Hiked for 4 mi., along S face of mesa. Saw 2 Hummers, shot one with sling as sat on top juniper - couldn't find it. It was green, with a very black gorget. Saw many rock wrens around out-crops in the side canyons. Each little side wash opened into a little brushy & grassy flat where Bewick Wrens could usually be found; also Say's Phoebe. Saw 2 white-throated swifts and a Swainson Hawk overhead. Saw 2 orioles (Scott?) in junipers, also several mockers. In one rocky side canyon were two pewees. Back at Camp - noted how many of the song birds sang on wing - owing to the
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment 3 mi N. Delgman contin. May 26 absence of high song perches: Grey Vireo Lark Sparrow Oriole (Scott?) Mocker Horned Larks Eastern Meadowlarks Saw 2 pr. Cassin Kingbirds + 1 pr. Say's Phoebes N of camp. Desert Sparrows & Mockers near camp. On moonlit evening, May 27 roll. 2 poorwills from high on mesa, # 652 from the steep, rocky S face (in sparse juniper stand), # 653 from brushy sloping rim - sloping down to the north. Heavy brush here (some member of rose family, and juniper). No owls found. Total of about 9 poorwill heard. Drove S camp on May 28 way to Aubrey Cliffs. Passed across open green valley & farm. On farmyd. a flock cowbirds. Just past it, saw a golden Eagle - soaring and flapping low over brushy wall at side valley. Pursuing him were 2 small & dainty Buteos - not red-tail, & not White under leading edge wing like Swainson. They have
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment 3 mi. N Seligman Conti May 28 been Red-Shouldered or Broad-wings. Saw Calif. Gnatil in a brushy side wash. Birds of 3 mi. N Seligman May 23-28 ! Hunting in air : golden Eagle Swainson Hawk 2 little Buteos White-throated Swift On grassy valleys : Eastern Meadowlark Lark Sparrow Horned Larks Cowlrid In rocks or mesa : Poorwill Rock Wren In Junipers: Mocker Oriole (Scott ?) Grey Vireo In Brushy canyon months : Pewee Say's Phoebe Cassin Kingbird Calif Gnatil Bewick Wren Hummers Dense brush or mesa slopes: Poorwill
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Top of Aubrey Cliffs, 6500 ft., 15 mi. NW Seligman, Coconino Co., Ariz. May 28 Stopped here for lunch while on prospecting trip with truck. Rich timbered Upper Sonoran - good soil - heavy forest of juniper & pinyon, grass and abundant wild-flowers in clearings. Tops of a high-land, fairly level country. Hunted with slingshot - many W(?) Bluebirds - found one nest in hole near bottom of juniper - several young inside calling. Chippys abundant - 1 collected for identification - singing. Mockers & grey vireos abundant & singing as were Black-throated Grey Warblers (all these in the forest). Heard 2 Hairy (perhaps Downy Woodpeckers, & a Bewick Wren (singing). Several White-breasted [illegible] Nutatches heard & seen. Need. Vireos attracted very close by owl calls - in pairs. Several Ash-throated Flycatchers seen - alarmed about nest tree. Of particular interest were the grey Flycatchers, which were abundant (See species acct.)
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment 10 mi N Ashfork, 6000 ft Coconino Co, Ariz. moved here to prospect May 29 new exposures of Coconino. For the most part heavily Timbered with Pinon & Juniper, & V Aubrey Cliffs. Flat country cut up into rolling hills & broad flat valleys, all heavily wooded Upper Sonoran. Openings in forest grassy- stream bottoms with undergrowth, & many broad-leaves. Clear, warm weather. 1st night hunted down road from Camp about 3 mi. for Sereet Owls. Coll. 1 & heard another (which I attracted around Camp). May 30 Prospected thru rolling juniper & pinon country for about 4 mi. Saw or heard: 2 hairy Woodpeckers, 5 pairs Grey Vireos, 4 pairs Grey Flycatchers, 8 Chippies, 5 pro. Black-thr-grey Warblers, 2 Cowbirds (at Camp), 2 White-b. Nuthatches, 4 W.Bluebird. (Found nest of Beech Wren with 3 or 4 young in hollow juniper at Camp.)
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Apr.26? Ashfork, Coconino. May 30 5 linnet, 2 Rock Wrens, 5 Mockers. In evening, coll. 1 Screed, Owl 1 mi. W camp. Saw 1 porcupine; heard 2 Poorwills & 1 Horned Owl. Prospected along May 31 creek 2 mi. S Camp. Saw Black-headed Grosbeaks, linnet, 2 W. Quailatchers & one dark- throated large green Hummer. In the afternoon, prospected 5 mi. W camp, where a 2 thrashers (Tepostoma) were seen in some sage brush. Bush-tits & Tutmice were present in the Pinyons & Junipers, as was A Swainson hawk was also seen. In a brushy clearing, (sounded like telephones) several Hummers were seen. Broke sling; couldn't collect. 1 1/2 mi. W Flagstaff, 7000 ft. Coconino Co., Az. June 1-2 (See Otus flammeolus) Yellow pine forest, with some Black Oak. About 7 Otusflammeolus found, & 1 Strix (or Asio wilsonians) was heard. Dawn: Nighthawks, choruses of Violet- green swallows before light, Robins Mockers singing later. Saw 1 Cello.
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment 1 mi. N Meteor Crater, Coconino Co., Aug. June 24 Camp on lee of S.M. Butte in middle flat, open prairie. Overgrazed - almost no grass, only a few low shrubs. Nighthawks common, 1 mocker, a Say's Phoebe, several Horned Larks, and a few Buteos are total for birds (except one large owl which alighted at camp one night - about the size of Alsis. mammals: Porkey near -> 2 pronghorns on near Butte at least one pr. Coyotes, several antelopes, several wood rats (in camp - just one as ate potatoe - had bushy tail). Many Collared & other lizards. Went swimming in a Canyon Diablo, stream, in the bottom of a deep canyon 2 mi. SW of Crater. Lined with willows - eroded cliffs with nest niches for Black & Say's Phoebes, large flock cliff swallows. On large poplar - 3 young horned owls able to fly (Kildeers) Also saw: Bewick Wrens Ash-throated Flycatchers pr. Coyotes here (on mezz above tracks along stream)
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Marshall, 1939 1 mi. N. Meteor Crater, G., Ariz. June 2-24 Ralph Goeglein, whose parents run the concession at Meteor Crater, knew an old indian or early settler (?) who had been here for 50 yrs. When he had first come there was bunch grass 6' high over this entire area. Now there is almost no grass, a few scrubby weeds. The land has been overgrazed by sheep & cattle & the soil has been washed off. Just recently, the area has been sold to a large Texas cattle ranch, which will restrict grazing here until a good stand of vegetation; then, will use it for a winter range only. Looks like a good step. Nighthawks were abundant in the evenings at the well, several miles S-E camp - foraged silently. A pet collared lizard was usually seen & fed flies at the quarry in the middle part of the day.
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June june 13 as 2 x 4 A) N 5 a whole - 5 1/2" june 13 // N 4 Printk 6 " june 11 // N 3 very good 9 3/4" Jame Fri 9 // N 2 Beat me 6 " -thur-8-- // N 1 fairly good 6 1/2" 1st level above 2 x 4 2 levels below 2x4 chuck-ca-too me do Cut-ta-coo Otus asis- 6 notes Plate abow 4"* *#6 1 1/2
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{ "text": "Empidonax :\n\nchee tick; chee thick -\nalmost 3 syll - rough,\nharsh - almost\nidentical like Cassin Purple Finch.\n\nSharp shrit\nsong: thoo thick, cheetick\n\nBirds of Deligman:\nGolden Eagle\nLittle Ortones\nSwainson Hawk\nCowbill\nFlymers\nWarer\nCayam Kingbirds\n\nColdfeul Dark Sparrow\nBerich Wren\nLarks\nMeadow Larks\nThe Vises\nmockers Whids\n\nAsh 7k -\nGreyech Owl\nGorwill\nPorkie\nBle-th. gray\nHairy Woodpecker\nGreatcatcher\nCowbird\nBush Tit\nSwainson Hawk\nNuthatch\nHorned Owl\n\nAubrey Cliffs/\nEmpidonax\nChippy (coll)\nBluebirds (nest)\nHairy Woodpecker\nBerich Wren\nBle-thr-gr. Warbler\nAsh-thr. Flycatcher\nNuthatch\nMocker Herio\nFlag - Nighthawk\nStrip or Azio\n7 P Oast\nDawn Thorns of Violet-gr\nswallows\nRobin\nCallio\nMocker\n\n\n[illegible]\n[illegible] Sat mrz 6, 1937\nOld hutton Vireo\nTsüee Tsüee me me\ndob me dob\n\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\ [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]
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Marshall, J.T., Jr. Washington trip July 24 - August 1, 1939
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Marshall, 1939 (Washington Trip July 24-August 1) General Comment 16 mi E Redding, Shasta Co. Calif. July 24 Stopped to spend night in canyon valley opening W into Sacraments R on the opposite side of the Shasta Dam sight. Working on dam all night with search-lights - much blasting. Camp in lower fringes of Transition, on a NW-facing slope. Fairly heavy 2nd grow yellow pine forest with large black oaks. Worked for Otus flammeolus - none found - too much noise. Did find a pair of Otus asio at the edge of the forest - where Manganita or Upper Sonoran broad-leaves replaced transition timber. No flying squirrels heard. Collect the ♂ Otus asio, # 674 molting, from a digger pine. Mill Creek, 16 mi E Walla Walla, Blue Mts., Columbia Co., Wash. July 25-26 Camped in this deep heavily timbered (transition) canyon running ck flowing W towards Walla Walla. Doug fir, yellow pine spruce, giant alder(?) No Otus found. Several Horned owls hooting. In morning (26th) heard some kind of wreo singing high in the alders. Something like Warbling, but
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Mill Creek, Wash. July 25-6 much louder sweeter more varied. Perhaps a Red-eyed Vireo. 1 mi E & 5 mi S Dixie, 4300 ft. Walla Walla Co. N.W. Found MVZ Camp here at July 26 1939 noon Johnson, Levis Chatrii, Hooper, & Longhurst. They had trapped here the evening before, & today, Hofmeister took a Golden-crowned Kinglet. Weather hot; calm, clear. Densely forested country near the summit of the Blue Mts - which are more like rolling hills than mts. Heavy forest of Englemann spruce, Doug fir, red fir, larch. Some yellow pines lower & on exposed warmer slopes. Spring in every canyon. Impatient, almost tropical green undergrowth of vines & herbs. In the afternoon I collected around camp the following: Chestnut-backed Chickadee - very abundant HaBlack-capped Chickadee - one only seen Golden-crowned Kinglet & common Permit Thrush --- just - only one seen. I heard other birds, & saw them: Red-breasted Nuthatch Mt. Chickadee - in song-very abundant. Juncos. - common.
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment -Dizzie Walla Walla Co., Wash July 26 (cont.) Andulbon Warbler - a few Heard a Papoucher. The small passerines were going about in large flocks - moving slowly thru the woods & high in the conifers. These flocks included Chestnut-backed & Mt. Chickadees & golden-crowned Kinglets in about equal numbers. Their abundance was probably due to the presence of many 'birds of the year'. Junco's & Chugyys were around the openings in the dense forest. Transitive Canadian 3. No response to Prying owl call. Stayantule Spring, 5150 ft., Blue Mt., Columbia Co., Wash. Clear, calm, cold. Camp in July 26, 1939 high, S-facing valley, very heavily forested with a dense subalpine forest of Larch, spruce, fir, lodgepole pine. Trees not large except for occasional towering red-fir, fragmented by crossbills. This was boreal zone - above yellow pine & Doug fir - open forests of which had been seen on exposed slopes farther north. Probably Canadian, or else Canadian + Hudsonian. No large clearing, few broad-leaved trees, : not enough "edges" where birds
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Staywhill[illegible], July 26, (cont.) or mammals would be common. There was an opening in the forest opposite camp - where the er. ran across a little wet meadow. Hall & I set traps along this meadow & further downstream among the willows. 60 traps were set - Hall used oats + peanut butter - & need gt care in choosing good places to set them. For water-shrews, he chose the places where they would have to go, in order to get up & down stream. We found Microtus runs with freshly-cut grass & set traps along them. Also some at the sides of logs & in little trails (illegible) thru the forest undergrowth. We used red cloth markers, which were placed so that they could be seen from the adjacent traps. No interval was used; merely rather, advantageous qualities were sought. See Dr. Hall's notebook. Take water shrew - in a trap set near a little hole in the mud at the water's edge. 2. Several large Microtus - in the traps set along their runways in the little meadow.
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Staywhale Spring, July 26 (Conti) Some Red-backed mice in the traps set along little trails & openings in the herbaceous green forest undergrowth. [illegible] Olive-backed Thrushes heard whistles of jays. Several Peromyscus - in the traps set on the forest floor & about logs. In the moonlit evening, I hunted Owls & Glaucomys. Horned Owls were calling up & down the valley; glaucomys were heard & seen in three different localities along the road leading to [illegible] camp. No otus fl. were found in the dense forest around camp; but 2 were found several miles away (see sp. accounts). July 27 Went around trap-line (see above). Early in morning, hunted on W slope of valley, in sunlight. Birds in abundance, the small ones in large flocks: Black- [illegible] Chickadees, Golden-crowned Kinglets, & Townsend Warblers, & Red-breasted Nuthatch. Also saw several warblers of lemon yellowish color, dull - & with white eye-ring. May have been Vireos. They were in the few clumps of broadleaved plants. Heard several hairy woodpeckers, a flicker, many chickadees & red crossbills.
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Stagwhile Spring, July 27 contd. Red Crossbills flying high over-head calling 'kip' - in small flocks of 20 or more & often & 2's & 3's. Would alight in highest red-firs - on highest twigs. During the morning made short trips on the E valley wall thru the heavy timber - wherever I heard anything. Coll. a hairy woodpecker, & 2 canada jays near camp. Knights, Mt. Chickadees, And. & Hermit Warblers Common. Juncoes, Chippies, & Chestnut-backed Chickadees scarce. Heard flickers several times. In Evening set trap at Walden Spring, 2 mi. W. Goldman Spring Ranger Sta., Columbia Co. Wash. (July 27) Hunted here for owls; heard many Olive-backed thrushes whistling saw several & after a 'conversation' with one got him to sing in breeding season style. Much sweeter & more polished than r.-b. thrush. The low whistle is given at higher pitch than that of r.-b. thrush. These hear were in dense Red-fir forest & among broad-leaves at the forest edge. Later heard 3 Barned Owls. Next drove to several localities - looking
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Wildeat Spring, July 27 Contin. for OTUS flammeus. Col. 2, both in open groves of yellow pine. None in the Canadian forest. Went over trap line. Traps July 28 1939 had been set at 20 yd intervals among the herbs & broad-leaved trees at the upper edge of the red-fir forest. Above this, the ridge & was barren. The traps were set along logs etc - no runways were seen. Only 25 were set & I got from them about 8 Peromyscus & 1 Entomias #685 J. Birds were here in great numbers, as this place was a true "edge" - with the heavy red-fir forest ending abruptly near the summit of the bare ridge & with deciduous thickets along the edge of the forest. I heard 2 Olive-sided flycatchers, robins, varied thrushes (singing from high in the red firs, hairy woodpeckers, Williamson sapsuckers red-breasted nuthatches, chickadees golden- crowned kinglets, and olive-backed thrushes. All these were in the red-firs. Then at the edge of the forest there were Audubon Warblers,
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Wildcat Spring, July 28 Continued Black-headed Grosbeak Townsend Warblers Juncos & Chippys Later in the morning back at Staywhile Spring - heard Evening Grosbeaks. In the evening afternoon drove from Staywhile Spring to Godman Ranger Sta. with Dr. Hall. On the way we cut down some hollow trees but found nothing. Saw many flickers, juncos on a red-fir grove thru which the road ran, a large hawk or owl flew swiftly across the road. I thought it was a goshawk but Dr. Hall thought it a Horned Owl. Flocks of juncos & warblers were seen around the edge of a clearing 1 mi. W of the Ranger Sta. In the evening, Dr. Hall & I set traps around the edge of a clearing 1mi. W Staywhile Springs & I shot a Lazionysternus in an opening in the red fir forest. We saw a Vaux Swift fly swiftly along the ridge. 1 mi. W Staywhile Spr., 5300ft., July 29 Columbia Co., Wash. Picked up 9
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment 1 mi. W Stawash Spring, 5300 ft. Columbia G West. traps set around a July 29 Clearing in red fir, larch forest. 4 Peromyscus & 1 red-backed mouse. The red-backed mouse & 2 Peromyscus were in one tray (loaded by Ws. Hall) which had been set among the herbs of covering this little opening. A tenth trap had been set at the edge of a Manzanita thicket; it contained only one Peromyscus. Next collected birds on an extensive 5-facing brushy willow-covered slope. Saw 6 Calliope Hummers, & 3 Wright Flycatchers, 6 Flickers, 2 Crested Jays, several Robins, black-headed Grosbeaks, juncoes, Audubon Warblers. Heard 2 Warbling Vireos. Collected 2 towhee warbler and a freshly- moulted Calaveras Warbler (#692 inn). Heard 2 Fox Sparrows & coll. one # 690. Collected a junco (#689) & a Gambel Sparrow (#691). Shot several times at a Vaux Swift. Shot at a Flycatcher (?)
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Kris W Hayawhile Jr. July 29. perhaps a Nuttall's Thrush couldn't find it. Returned to Hayawhile spring where Chatter Pell, several Mt. Chickadees. On the way, tried to shoot a Ruby Crowned Kinglet (silent) high in a dense fir grove. Summary of Birds of Blue Mts, Wash. Open Yellow-pine (Red Fir) Forest (transition) Otus flammeolus Asio wilsonianus Dense forest of Larch, Red-fir, Engelmann Spruce & Lodge-pole Pine (Boreal) Bubo virginianus Olive-backed Ora Hermit Thrush Hairy Woodpecker, Varied Thrush Chestnut-backed Chickadee Mt. Chickadee Black-capped Chickadee (only 1 seen) Golden-crowned Kinglet Oregon Canada Jay Erected Jay (only 2 seen) Audubon Warbler W. Tanagers Ruby-c. Kinglet. Williamson Fay Spuncher
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Blue Mts., Wash.; Contin July 26-July 29 Olive-sided Flycatcher Cassin Finch Red-breasted Nuttall's Goshawk? Townsend Warbler Hammond Flycatcher Red Crossbill Evening Grosbeak X Manzanita Chaparral Fox Sparrows Columbian Warbler Wright Flycatcher Willow Thickets - open slopes James' Warbling Vireo Yellow Warbler (?) Calliope Hummer Gambel Sparrow (migr?) Black-headed Grosbeak Clearings / & Edges of Clearings ) Junco Ruffed Grouse ( Col. by Cooper) Chippy W. Bluebird W. Bluebird Vaux Swift Sparrow Hawk Flicker Willows along streams & flood leaves at edge forest Olive-backed Thrush Williamson Sapsucker Calaveras Warbler
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Albee, Umatilla Co., Ore. Camped here at July 29-30 dusk in a very open forest of yellow pine. Doug fir + white or Red fir in denser stands in some of the little canyons. The main forest extending down from ridge south and out over a plain - becoming more & more open & finally petering out all together. In the evening Longmust & I hunted Owb' - heard one. Bubo & One Otus flammeolus. Couldn't call up Otus asio nor saw what owls. Heard one flying squirrel in a densely wooded little side-canyon. Apparently near the lower edge of transition. Pine forest with Artemesia in openings. On the 30th we moved camp & started on 'down the highway' which went across the plain mentioned above & towards another range of wooded hills. In the middle of this plain we stopped to look
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Marshall, 1939 Jen Comment with Albee on Umatilla Co. Ore. July 30 with my 6x Binocs at a most remarkable group of hawks. A beautiful Prairie Falcon was soaring low over the road - Longhurst shot at it with Woodsman?? 2 Large Black Eagles were a little farther away - also a Sparrow Hawk. In the distance were a pair of vultures & some Luteos. We got in the car & approached the next range, into which ran a good-sized stream. The other hawks were still in sight behind us when we saw a beautiful, long-winged Osprey flapping just above the tops of the pines where the stream entered the rut. We next drove along the stream & saw one or more crows on every pine along it. They were huddled close to the trunk on horiz. stubs - in full view. Apparently spawning fish had attracted this congregation of raptors.
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment NE edge Alkali Lake, 4200 ft. Lake G., O.s. July 30. Arid upper sonoran zone. Full moon, clear, calm, warm weather. Set traps in 25 yd. intervals south from camp - all along the edge of the dry lake-bed. Set under bushes, in tall grass plots, and in little bare trails thru the humus under the clumps of bushes. Very sandy soil wind-rippled - pure white sand. Many mammal burrows - always creaking into them. Many little holes where mammals digging. Set 65 traps - along the brush & grass plots at the edge of the lake-bed, & 2 in island clumps of bushes out in the lake bed (60 yds from rest of vegetation) After supper, whistled up some poorwills - heard about 6 altogether - on this very flat land. Called up one & collected it as sat on sand near some brushes, T #694. Heard several Coyotes during this moonlit night.
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment N.E. edge Allakin Lake, 4200 ft. Lake C., Ore. July 31. Collected traps in morning: Of 65 traps: Bait oats, Walnut + Peanut butter 4 Microdipodops 1 Perognathus 11 Peromyscus 1 Dipodomys microps 12 " merriami (?) One of the Peromyscus was taken in the trap set in the little island clumps of bushes. The last 10 traps had been set in sand or cracked sand - there was no apparent difference in the distribution of the mammals there. There were tremendous numbers of tracks + tail marks around each trap, although many of them had not been touched. I popped one Dips. out of this loose burrow when my foot sank into it. Saw a chipmunk near the last trap. On way back to camp saw Sage Sparrows & Say's Phoebes.
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"March 28, 1957 Franklin D. "The abstract of the thesis is as follows: The thesis has been prepared in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Education at the University of California. The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. J. W. Bickley, Chairman of the Committee on Graduate Studies, for his guidance and encouragement throughout this work. The study was conducted under the direction of Dr. J. W. Bickley, who served as the advisor. The committee consisted of Dr. J. W. Bickley (Chairman), Dr. A. H. Peterson, and Dr. R. L. Thompson. The research involved an examination of the effects of various factors on student performance in mathematics. Data were collected from students enrolled in grades nine through twelve at selected schools within the district. Statistical analyses were performed using standard methods appropriate for the type of data obtained. Results indicated that certain variables had significant impacts on academic achievement, while others showed no discernible effect. These findings contribute to our understanding of educational processes and may inform future instructional strategies aimed at improving student outcomes. It is hoped that this investigation will provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between individual characteristics, environmental influences, and learning experiences among adolescents pursuing formal education.
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Marshall, 1939 General Comment Juni E Vinton, f. Phumas C. Calif., July 31 Arid Upper Sonoran - sage brush in a valley - slopes up to yellow pine timber on ridges to N & S. Arrived after dark & set 60 traps by by moonlight. Sandy soil. Started from camp in middle of valley & set in a rhomb - 15 across the flat valley, 15 up to the rocks of the hill to the N 15 along that hill & 15 back to camp. Set at 25 yds. reg. intervals by moonlight - most of the traps I placed near bushes or under them & always in my foot markers. Bait=oats. Heard Horned Owls calling from telephone poles along N.N. track. Got 17 Dipos (merrim) August 1. 10 Peromyscus, one Eutamias from near the rocks. The Dipos Peromyscus came from the sandy valley floor, most of the Peromyscus from the rocky hill. Many tracks. Eutamias #700 ▲. Saw Sage thrasher & Brewer Sparrow(?).
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March 1930 I am so glad that you are coming. The weather has been very cold and windy lately, but it should get warmer soon. I hope you will enjoy your visit here. Please let me know if there is anything special you would like to do while you are here. Your friend, Mary
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Marshall, J.F., Jr. Tulare Co.: Whitaker Forest November 17-19, 1939
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Marshall, 1939 Tulare Co. Whitaker's Forest, Nov. 17-19 General Comment November 17/1939 Left Berkeley on Friday afternoon at 2:00 PM for Whitaker's Forest, Redwood Mt., Tulare Co., Calif., with Mr. Woodbridge Metcalf & Prof. Bob Cockerell of the forestry dept. Got to Badger at about 9:30 PM. A group of rangers were talking in the back room of the grocery-post- office building of Badger. They were complaining about the unusual lack of rainfall this year (There has been no rain since sometime in Sept.). The talk turned to thunder showers and fires started by lightening in the brush country. They were opposed to having the fires put out - were in favor of letting them burn away the brush. Badger is in the Sierra foothills at about 3500 or 4000 ft., and lies a very short distance below what used
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Marshall, 1939 Whitaker's Forest, Nov. 17-19 to be the lower edge of the yellow pine forest of the Sierran transition. The entire country had been logged & burned up to the 5000 ft. contour, and the forest had been replaced by a luxuriant & heavy cover of upper Sonoran brush, oak, etc. (Upper Son. birds' had also entered the area). These men did not realize that their land had been timbered and that timber was the appropriate crop to be raised there. The country is steep, and my uncle pointed out, is not adapted for grazing (is not a natural grassland) therefore, these people are injuring themselves & the country by trying to use it for grazing. they are literally "flying in the face of nature" as proof one can notice how poorly they are making out.
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Marshall, 1939 Whitaker's Forest, Nov. 17-17 their attitude is that they want to burn off the brush and allow grass to grow there. My reply cited all the work that had been done in attempt- ing to find grasses that would cover this type of country; so far none had been found. The consequence of burning are that the soil is rapidly washed away, a new stand of brush comes up (not as good as before) and so on until the land goes to desert (or changes). If the land is left alone and the top-soil allowed to stay the vegetation will gradually (many years) go thru the stages of succession to the yellow pine forest again. Then the land will be of use for future generations. The attitude of these men is that they want an immediate way out of their difficulties-
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Marshall, 1939 Whitaker's Forest, Nov 17-19 they want to make something from their stock this year. they want to burn. They don't care if the land is eventually washed away - they will be gone by then. From Badger Tulare Co. on the original upper edge of the Up. Son. zone we drove up the Red Hill to 5000 ft - all of which country - orig. pines & cedar - had been burned off & replaced by dense brush. Around the edges, young pines were beginning to appear. We arrived at Whitaker's at about 10:30. The night was clear, warm for winter. The weather has been like summer up to now. I walked thru the public camp yard to the "haunted house" attempting to call up Screech Owls.) None were heard. November 17 (Whitaker's Forest) Collected large & small cones from tops of Sequoias
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Marshall, 1939 Whiteck's Forest, Nov 17-19 by shooting with rifle (for problem on maturation of cones by Mr. Cockrell) On the afternoon we drove up to Saddle of Redwood Mt. and found that the Park Service had bought the large tracts of land there I was (without considering the small holders still in there) beginning to put up signs, trails (to Sugar Bowl) & planning roads. The small propertytees & Wortman's logged property were being "condemned" & attempting to be bought up for low prices. By a strange coincidence, we saw Prof. Fitch of Forestry dept. who had been canvassing looking over Redwood Canyon with a Park Service man. He tried to tell us that the white fir was very poor in the area. (Propaganda for getting the land cheap?) We collected some cones & went down the mt. to Wortman's old mill - saw a
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Marshall 1939 Whitaker's Forest, Nov. 17-19 Cedar laden with beautiful reddish-gold cones. W. Bluebirds were perched in the tops of young firs in the clearing. Back at Whitaker's after dark: I covered the entire meadow- flat area & back to camp looking for F.S.O. None answered. Night clear, calm warm (for Nov) later a slight breeze. Moonlit. Heard a Spotted owl in tules at S edge Meadows Flat - which answered my F.S.O. calls with series of 3 whistles (whistle) Teo0 Teoo Teoo. Also gave screaming & whining calls. I couldn't see it. Saw a Mephitis (white in Y) in passage at roadside in canyon just W Whitaker's Forest (between Sequoia R.R. & '' ''). Apparently the F.S.Os are not answering or, as one would expect from their insect diet, have migrated out of this region. I had thought that if their migration is merely
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Marshall 1939 Whitaker's Ford, Nov., 1939 a downhill one one, they might stay at Whitaker's as long as the weather is OK as are the kinglets, juncos, robins, winter wrens, etc. But perhaps in spite of the summer weather, their food supply is not available. Another possibility is that they migrate south at a regular time, independent of when the snows come & insect food is short. I think this theory is favored by the fact that none were at Whitaker's even though the weather had been the same ever since July. We left Whitaker's in the afternoon of the 17th & got to Berkeley at about 10: PM. Birds seen at Whitaker's: Spotted Owl? (heard at Meadows Flat) Western Winter Wren - seen in public camp working among logs along a little creek. Robin - several heard & seen around Pub. Camp.
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Marshall, 1939 Whitaker's Forest, Nov 17-19 Junco - a large flock (20?) working in around brushies around fallen redwood & on clearing at ground all at N edge Whitaker's clearing. Andubon Warbler - 2 in canyon Live Oak back of headquarters on momom morning 7 19th. Large mixed flocks of Chickadees, Red-br. Nutatches, Golden- crowned Kinglets, working and Creepers, working thru forests - almost never out of hearing of one such large flock. Chickadees feeding on grd. with Junco at fallen log, N end clearing. Ruby-crowned Kinglet - heard often - sometimes with mixed flocks. W.B. Bluebirds - heard overhead on 19th seen at Wotman's mill 18th. Hairy Woodpecker - often heard. Calif. Jnd. Squirrel - often heard.
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Marshall, 1939 Whitaker's Ford, Nov, 17-19 All the men around the area are pretty much worked up & antagonistic to the park program of forcing them out. Tom Lindbergh expressed the conviction that he would have to go to South America to hunt & trap now. He had taken 2 bear this winter. The CCC camp has cleared out fallen timber & has thinned the trees for 100' on each side of every road on the property to reduce fire hazard. Wortman is clogging aging firs throughout the area - he is required to trim the unused parts so that disintegration may take place rapidly. There is very little water in the stream. I believe that many of the birds are here only because of the mildness of the weather (mice) or seed food still exposed & available): Robin, junco, wren, P.C. kinglet, andubon warblers.
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Marshall, 1941 General Comment 7.5 mi. S Cannon Beach, Clatsop Co., Oregon May 17 Camp in 1st stream valley north of Arch Cape - valley opens west upon the Pacific. Virgin forest of giant cedrela, Tsuga heterophylla, & thuja. Dense underbrush 5-10 ft. high of ferns or chaparral shrubs. Forest more open (trees cleared of lower branches) within 100 yds of beach, where some wind-controlled Cedrela. Some older thickets along creek, grass spaces near mouth - where cleared for cabins. Forest logged off 1/4 mi N this valley - here just brush & snags. Some offshore rocks off the cape - where gulls seen. a.m. Weather rainy & windy - shot w.gulls at month Creek. - They appear to be nesting on cliff of cape. afternoon - looked up a trail up the canyon past last cabin. Saw (countend chipmunk), (varied thrush) (1246) which both came to my imitated Pippin and calls. No other birds except a few gold-or. Knights. Very few because of deep woods, & fewer because bad weather.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog 2.5 mi. S Cannon Beach Clatsop Co., Oregon May 17 Late afternoon - hunted Vared Thrushes - collected a Robin, + a v. thrush which decoyed to init. & whistle. Saw another v. thrush which was alarmed about a young bird which I presently flushed! The alarm notes of the V.T. b R-b thrush apparently attracted a Horned Owl - a very black indiv. which lit on top dead stub in forest. Missed it! May 18 am Windy cloudy. Collected at mouth of valley among willows, spruces, & in drusby tangles over marshy ground. Many song sparrows and pileolated warblers. Collected among cabins along shore (between shore & highway). Here the trees are depressed & there is much brush. p.m. - Called for owls - heard none. May 19 am Windy, cold, cloudy. Walked thru highway tunnel thru arch cape. No cabins south of the cape. The heavy forest comes down to the beach on a steep slope but a few brushy areas at mouths of stream valleys. Few birds seen. Hunted along highway & down an old logging road from highway towards
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Marshall, 1941 7.5 mi. S Cannon Beach, Clatsop Co., Oregon May 19 shore - a very deep & heavily timbered canyon about 1.5 mi. S of the cape. Very few birds, as expected - saw no grey jay. No logging south of the cape - all heavy spruce & hemlock forest - few red cedars. May 20 a.m. Clear, a little wind. Hunted along a very old road which turns inland at the north entrance of the Arch Cape tunnel and crosses the ridge & down toward the shore again, meeting the road I was on yesterday. This is the only way thru this very brushy country. The road goes along the north slope of the Arch Cape Ridge - very heavily wooded, dark & damp. Saw varied thrushes; called in a family (a golden-crowned kinglets - one of them to pigmy owl calls) & one lit on my gun barrel! Later hunted around the relatively open area at mouth of valley where we are camped.
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Marshall, 1941 General Comment 7.5 mi S Cannon Beach, 20 ft, Clatsop Co, Ore. May 21 am - hunted along same road as yesterday hoping to see grey jays in the heavy timber & crossbills on the ridge. Very few birds where the old road crossed the ridge the brush was so dense that it was impossible to travel - so I went down to the highway & then the brush at the mouth of the first valley south of Arch Cape to the shore - hoped to hear wrens (Beirick). Clear, warm, some wind. Saw cormorants & gulls on a rock island which appeared to be close enough to walk out to at low-tide. - Summary - This region lies within what seems to be a very narrow belt of boreal forest which extends along the coast to northern California. Back of the 1st range of hills the country is quite different-greener, less gnarled trees - more alders
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Marshall, 1941 General Comment 7.5 mi. S Cannon Beach, 30 ft., Clatsop Co., Oregon of other deciduous trees, more birds. The greatest numbers of birds at this locality as well as the greatest number of birds were in a narrow interval between the forest & the shore - where the trees are fewer & more variety of habitats as well as cabins, roads and clearing. Even the characteristically forest birds (such as Audubon Warblers) were commoner here. There were exceedingly few birds in the forest - only jays, varied thrushes, chinglets & chickadees. The most outstanding feature of the bird life at this locality was the very early nesting of all species - even the summer visitors! As an indicator I submit the following list of birds which had grown young out of the nest: (* means juveniles shot & examined) * Dryobates villosus * Chamaea fasciata
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Marshall, 1941 General Coonost 7.5 mi. S Cannon Beach, Clatsop Co., Ore. Florens Dendroica auduboni * Melospiza melodia Regulus satrapa As is to be expected - there were more of the resident birds at advanced breeding stage than summer visitors. In accounted for this early nesting - I note that the natives of the region were unanimous in declaring that the winter had been a very mild one with warm sunny weather prevailing. The worst storm of the season had been the one which we experienced upon our arrival on the 17th. Thus there was a very early spring & resident birds could have started nesting early - but how account for the summer birds? All the birds in the area are in breeding condition & are settled here except for two - Ward shot a savannah sparrow in the chapinal which had small gonads & much fat - evidently migrating;
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Marshall, 1941 General Comment 2.5 mi. S Cannon Beach, 50ft., Clatsop Co., Oregon. (I also shot one on a brush at the edge of a road near the beach - also out of its habitat + apparently migrating - but I couldn't retrieve it.) - also one Pied-winged blackbird which was moving South & stopped for a while on the top of a spruce, near the beach. There is no habitat here for either of those species. All other specimens taken had either large gonads or were feeding young - but the jays - whose gonads were rather small & were not even paired - Ward & I each took "pairs" which turned out to be both males. A list of the birds of the area & their habitats follows: Phalacrocorax - probably auritus sitting on rocks off the shore - about 25. Oidemia deglandi 20 in surf Larus occidentalis nesting on drifts of beach, 100 along beach, ^ Larus glaucescens 2 or 3 imm. Columba fasciata Many - throughout the forest Bubo virginianus 1 in forest - dark color Chaetura vauxi 6 came down to cedar tree) over camp in evenings ^
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Marshall, 194 General Comment 7.5 mi. S. Cannon Beach, 50ft., Clatsop Co. Ore. Selasphorus rufus common - chaparal Geryle alegon 2 - along stream Dryobates milloesus many pairs - at edge forest " pubescens 2 pairs - in deciduous trees at mouth of creek [ Sapuckus - saw many trees with rings (holes) Ceophorus pileatus (deep forest) several heard Colaptes cafer 1 seen on south side cape Nuttallornis borealis common in timber Empidonax difficilis a pair in every "draw" Hirundo erythrogaster 4 seen at mouth of creek Tachycineta thalassina, several " " " Stelgidopteryx serripennis 2 pairs" " " Cyanocitta stelleri common in forest Corvus corax heard & seen often along beach, Penthestes rufescens abundant in forest Psaltrijarus minimus several seen in chaparal Sitta canadensis common in forest Centhis familiaris rare - 1 heard at edge " Chamaea fasciata common in chaparal [Thryomanes brewicki collected by Russell] [Cinclu mepicanus - seen " " ] Troglodytes Vannus troglodytes abundant Hylocichla ustulata " Georus naevius " in dark forest Turdus migratorius common in open land Regulus satropa " in forest
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Marshall, 1941 General Account 7.5 mi S Canyon Beach, soft, Clatsop Co. Oregon. Vermivora celata a few in deciduous trees Dendroica anduboni a few in tree along beach Wilsonia pusilla abundant in deciduous growth Agelaius phoeniceus 1 seen on the move" Icterus ludoviciana 1 singing in forest beach Carpodacus purpureus several pairs in trees alony, Spinus tristis " " prunus some in forest Loxia curvirostra flock & singing pairs in forest Passerulus sandwichensis 1 flushed from brush. Junco oreganus a few 2 pairs S. of cape Zonotrichia leucophrys common along beach, Melospiza melodia " in brush & deciduous growth . The four most strikingly abundant bird were in order of abundance : Wilsonia pusilla Nannus troglodytes Hytocichla rustulata Empidonax difficilis No hawks & only one orl seen.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog Gill Comment May 22 4 mi. S seaside, 200 ft., Clatsop Co., Ore. We drove in the a.m. to this broad flat land covering several square mi., which is walled off from the ocean by hills to the W & SW so that the climate is milder (no sea wind) The habitat varied and birds more numerous. Collected creepers early in the a.m. from pure grove of coast hemlocks on a cool shady ridge in the hills bordering the sw edge of the broad valley mentioned above. Also Hairy Woodpeckers, & much elk sign. In mixed forest mostly Douglas fir) got mix of birds around stuffs owl - Steller jays, juncos, robins, etc. & saw a fine Pileated Woodpecker. Worked among scattered alders along Necanicum R. winding thru valley mentioned above - took Berwick Wren from streamside. Much grassland here-gen. In a flat valley to the SW (coming from the hills) was a dense & uniform stand of alders mixed with a few Dong. fir - all on boggy ground. Here were Warbling & Hudson Vireos, Calif. Purple Finches, Hairy Woodpeckers. The forest in hills mentioned above differed from that along coast in lacking the dense underbrush.
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1987, Medard [illegible] The first - the Caliphate's - Arthur's - all as I said - if you are for a stand of olden unified with a for and a beam (all) it to fur to of walls to the (case) up and holding him on stream. - xols took Daniel then for heathen pillar and pilgrims & instructs cables gains behind religion itself - a for its only very gay? has left down civil of the top (of capital) them, spin all strong they begin & do more fixed & x undergoras first all in the world ill at the world's as a so observed there your fields he and four years of more than it was a place in the Calculated dangers. Moreover even the related ones had been detailed at (but are we) all in a stand (to be) tell or us x it at all got we as if billion on land, in many become persons level fall it was not I work as this word, x 2 years. of course, does? - just
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Marshall, 1941 General Comment Kennewick, 5 mi. SSE Seaside, 75 ft., Clatsop Co., Ore. May 23 Camp at edge of river which runs northward here. Dense groves of alder along the east side of r., with hills above logged off but with fairly good 2nd growth of Douglas fir. Alder thickets extend all thru forest along little stream runs. On the west side of r. are farms and meadows on flat land. Hunted a.m. in cut over forest. Few birds: juncos, robins, and Hutton Vireos in thickets of young Douglas fir. At noon, drove to Seaside and hunted in a marsh on the outskirts of town - willow thickets - where white-crowned, song sparrows, yellow warblers and red-wings were common. pm. Hunted for owls along e side r. in alders & recent douglass fir forest. May 24 a.m. Hunted in a canyon and slopes of the mountains west of camp where very dense stand of tall Douglas firs & huge coast hemlocks. Hoped to see grey jays, hermit thrushes, & tried to call up spotted owls. Now varied found. Varied thrushes, creepers, kinglets, chickadees and 1 pr. of juncos & many winter wrens were seen, also large flocks crossbills.
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Marshall, 1941 General Comment Necanicum R., 5 mi. SSE Seaside, 75 ft, Clatsop Co., Ore. May 24 Hunted in riparian growth along R. where hills come close to River's edge on N. side. Several Dendroica nigrescens seen or heard. Cliff swallows common around farms. P.M. took mate of Otus taken last night. Summary of birds at Necanicum R.: Following seen here, not found at Cannon Beach camp (Arch Cape) : Otus asio in alders at edge of fir forest Colaptes cafer seen in willows bordering streamside meadow Petrochelidon abundant - nesting around barns - couldn't get permission to collect. Corvus brachyrhynchos Common in meadows and forest along the river. Dendroica vireo huttoni alders & young Douglas fir at edge of forest; also in " " forest. Vireo gilsoni alders Dendroica nigrescens alders at edge of forest. Dendroica townsendi
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Marshall, 1941 Gen'l Comment North Santiam River, 3400 ft., Linn Co., Oregon June 4 Camp in hollow where bend of Santiam River (ie. flows west from Big Meadow, then turns north.) Bench mark here. Terrain sloping gently to East. We are not far from the summit of the Cascades and on the west side is a typical humid coastal forest with dense stand of tall, narrow-crowned trees - virgin forest & unburned. Little down stuff & only rather scant cover of small plants on forest floor. Much bunch grass. There are no large deciduous trees along the river - only some very low "scrub alder". Went thru forest toward the east along the north margin of the river. Collected a ? Amer. 3-toed Woodpecker. Saw & heard 3 hermit Thrushes between camp & Big Meadow (2 miles). Many warblers - presumably hermits - some red-breasted nuthatches, golden-crowned Kinglets, & chestnut-backed chickadees. Big Meadow is a grassy level area of about 10 acres & is surrounded by lodgepole pines. Here were a
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Marshall, 1941 North Santiam River, 3400 ft., Linn Co., Oregon - June 4 pair of hairy woodpeckers & Steller jays - many pine squirrels & chipmunks. The river margin is wider here, & there are russet-backed thrushes along it. Several pairs of Hammond flycatchers seen. Returned to camp by old roads along the south side of the river - here the forest is heavier & is mostly mountain hemlock - because of the north exposure. On the flat country around & to the north of camp is a mixed forest of Picea tsuga, Pinus monticola, & Pseudotsuga. Held tanager singing & that I heard a pair of creepers. Cinclus, Nuthatch & Yewseed around camp. The birds react well to Pygmy Owl calls. Tried to call up Flammulated Screech Owls last night - but none found - too dense Timber. Were many cricket-like insects out, however. Weather today = clear & calm - warm.
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Marshall , 1941 General Account June 5 North Santiam River, 3400 ft., Linn Co., Oregon June 5 Walked S along highway to road junction with road leading to Big Meadow, then along this road to the "" camping area. All this road & the highway in a heavy forest of hemlock - varied thrushes singing at intervals along highway. Hermit Warblers abundant- singing in tops. Hermit thrushes singing around camp area. Walked north on road from Big Meadows about 300 yds- then turned East thru the forest & came out upon the real "big meadows" which are really vast - several square miles of meadows . Heard typical willow dwellers such as Trail flycatcher, Yellow warbler etc. There are dense willow Thickets about 6-#8' high along the sloughs, then borders of water lrich about head high, then a 1' grass on wet ground & huckleberry on dryer ground. Song Sparrows & Lincoln sparrows abundant. One very large poplar-like tree 70' high.
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Marshall, 1941 North Santiam R., 3400 ft., Linn Co., Oregon June Lodgepole pine grows on low ground or around edge of meadow; a good open forest of abies, Picea pseudotsuga & tsuga on 'the little' ridge separating the two main meadows. Deep hemlock forest on the north-facing ridge on the south border of the meadow. To the east the ridge is steeper, & large rocks show thru a very open stand of timber. 3-Fingered Jack caps a gradual incline to the southeast. Much snow on it. In the meadow many willow thickets cover several acres in extent. Saw beaver workings & deer trails. Tiny metamorphosing frogs about in the "flashy brinks". Weather: Clear, calm, warm. June Raining Very few birds seen in dense hemlock forest between camp & Big Meadows - only 1 Varied thrush, a flock of Crossbills & Siskins, and
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Marshall, 1941 June 6 N. Santiam River, 3400 ft., Linn Co., Oregon the usual hermit warblers, golden- crowned kinglets, & red-backed chuckadees. Walked thru dense hemlock forest to a small Jay Lake. Very few birds in the forest - Perisoreus, 1 pr. Creepers, hermit warblers, & H. Thrushes. The lake is about 100 yards across, very shallow & fringed with glass, then willows, then slender little dwarf maples -- some called vine maples which grew 100 yard back into the timber. Timber (hemlock) very dense around the lake. Very few birds - 1 pair hairy woodpeckers, 3 Perisoreus, several hermit warblers, 1 pair juncos, 1 pr. tanagers, a Pileated Woodpecker. Many Turtles in the rather warm water. Went back to Big Meadow - saw Vaux Swifts & a Goshawk - both circling low over the meadows. June 7 Raining - not cold . The most northwesterly meadow of the 'Big Meadow' group is about 200 yards across & is fringed with some
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Marshall, 1941 June 7 North Santiam River, 3400 ft., hum Co., Oregon good sized poplars (?) - Some 30' high - looks like a good place for downy woodpeckers & sapsuckers. Many Crossbills in the open timber along a little ridge separating this from the main meadows. Saw few birds in the meadow because raining & rather late in am. June 8 Back at the meadows - working for warblers with the owl. Got a mob of Melospizias (both species) in the willows + a pair of Truell flycatchers + a pewee; then Song Sparrows + 2 ♀ yellow warblers (which were collected). In the open timber, on the knoll between two meadows got a mob of juncoes red-br. mythaches, chestnut-backed chickades, hermit warblers. Saw swallows over the meadow - probably violet-green. Shot a juv. hairy woodpecker - & saw a nest of Lincoln Sparrows with young.
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Marshall, 1941 N. Santiam R., 3400 ft., Lane Co., Oregon. June 8 In the evening I drove up to the meadows at 6 P.M. All birds quiet on the meadow. Struck thru timber & got a burnet & a russet-backed thrush in low fire on the open-timbered ridge between 2 meadows. Thrushes all singing. Out on the meadow there was a great chorus of bird song for about 10 min. (after sunset). Several yellow warblers, 2 Pileateds, many Tolmies Song Sparrows, Lincoln Sparrows, trail flycatchers, russet-backed thrushes. Soon all quiet. Went to another meadow & heard a few warbler songs then only Trails & R-b. Thrushes. Saw one bat, no owls (called Flamulated, Screed, Horned, & Spotted) left about 9 P.M. just as getting dark. Clear, calm. June 9 clear, sunny, warm. Worked in the meadows with the owl. Got a mob of 2 Warbling Vireos, a golden-crowned Kinglet, a russet-backed thrush & 3 yellow warblers in a willow. Explored the remaining meadows to the northwest - they are less open & with denser, higher
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Marshall, 1941 M. Sarban R., 3400 ft., Linn Co., Oregon June 9 Growth of willows. Heard several pleocolated warblers - But only a few songs a piece. Most birds altogether quiet - as it was hot & clear & near noon. p.m. Walked down road from camp at dusk. Saw one that a flying-squirrel (?) which went across the road on a long glide, and a Spotted Owl (see their occidentalis acc.) June 10 Worked entirely in the dense hemlock forest up the river from camp & on the S side of the stream. This is a very tall forest & has, most of the creepers & varied thrushes in the region. Actually got into 3 nearly adjacent creeper territories. Gray jays were abundant in this forest. The forest opens up along the trail (above Big Meadow) to Duffy lake. But there are fairly large, short stands on the hillside. This is where the Spotted Owl was taken (see Strip notes).
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Marshall, 1941 N Santiam R., 3400 ft., Linn Co, Oreg. June 11 walked the timber on the North side of the river above camp. Went along my 300 yd. trail to where I collected a F 3-toed woodpecker - going to hear this ? This country flat & exposed better to the sun i in very open timber & little undergrowth. Mostly lodgepole pine, white pine, douglas fir, etc (spruce), less hemlock. The ideal place for hermit thrushes (quite a lot of young clumps of trees). 4 adjacent hermit thrushes, collected 3. Saw flock of crossbills. This timber lower - perhaps on poorer soil. Same applies to a comparatively dwarf forest of hemlock which I hit in a little valley to the north - easy collecting for creepers, gray jays, hermit thrushes but didn't locate any varied thrushes (by giving their song, owl calls, squeals.) Nor did I come upon the mate of my spotted Owl (this hemlock forest was in the draw above where I got the ?).
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marshall, 1941 June 12 5mi N & 2 mi W Sisters, 4000ft., Deschutes Co, Oregon Camp at Dry Creek Swamp - on the East edge of the swamp in a very open forest of yellow pine on rolling grassland. The swamp consists of aspen or poplars around several willows-fringed grassy meadows with much standing water. The water is dammed to dammed back artificially so that there is no water in the creek bed below the swamp. Along the creek at the E edge of the swamp there is very dense timber - lodgepole spruce a few aspens, douglas fir & abies.
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Marshall, 1941 Otus flammeolus June 12 4 mi N + 9 mi W Sisters, 408 ft, Deschutes Co., Oregon Windy in evening - started E on road from camp at about 10 PM when wind had died down completely. No owls answered along the 1/2 mi road from Dry Creek Swamps (our camp) to the road junction. This was all open yellow pine with no undergrowth of brush or small trees. At the junction heard a F.S.O. several hundred yds. to the south along the road which leads to the McKenzie Highway (4 mi). Approached this F which was silent for a long interval during which a bird lit in small tree over my head & then went to an open tree, perched 15' above grd & I saw its eyes shine. May have been a F. Soon F called to E & I found it to be calling from high in the dense parts of the yellow pines in a little draw that had much dense young fir (abies) growth. Followed it to a little clearing where it presently gave nearly the protest note in connection with the 3-note
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Marshall, 1941 Othus flammeolus June 12 4 mi. N & 9 mi. W Sisters, 4000 ft., Deschutes Co., Ore. call. Always, his call preceded by the grace notes was lower in pitch & rougher than the single "poop". Tried to lead him along & presently heard another calling slower & with pitch a full step above 1st. Shot this bird as perched on a stub of on a tall yellow pine above a thicket of young firs. Couldn't find it. Chased 15' back to his own term, but found him he has exceedingly lost calls shy of the light. Gave up & walked 300 yds S on road. Wind now blowing. Heard one to left rt. of road, chased from tall trees to low firs & shot in lower branches of young fir (still had branches clear to ground - sitting near trunk & in interior of the tree #1486) called up the loud-voiced & again on way back. The conclusion which seems reasonable is that the habitat consists of open yellow pine but with an understory of young trees. I have noticed that the crickets (which have been found in all the owl
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Marshall, 1941 Otus flammeolus 2 mi. N + 2 mi. W Sisters 4000 ft., Deschutes Co., Ore. June 12 stomachs (horned, spotted & screech, & flam. screech) are heard in the foliage of these young trees, close to the ground. Most of this county consists of yellow pines, clear 1/2 way up the trunk and with grass below - this I believe is not suitable for the owls. However: there is a pair of horned owls & a pair of screech owls around camp which may account for the lack of F.s.o. in the vicinity. # 1486 ♂ about 1 am on 12/30 stomach full & contained a green caterpillar, a moth & parts of several of the orthopterans. June 13 Ward Russell, Dr. Miller & I started out at dusk & went to same place as last night. Called up the load - voiced ♂ in same place - very resonant tones - he answered while still light & in about 2 min. We walked S on road & Ward called up a ♂ about 1/3 mile past where I collected mine last night. He collected it - It had eaten thru one of the
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Marshall, 1941 Otus flammeolus Jun 13 4 mi N & 2 mi W Sisters, 4000 ft., Deschutes Co., Ore. same cricket - like inserts noted in the other owls taken on this trip. About 100 yds farther S another ? was called up high in dense trees & couldn't see - didn't call very long at a time From one tree called several times about every 3-4 minutes. I heard him several times close to me in the dense young fir clumps - he was apparently foraging. Finally saw him on lower branch of a taller fir & was shot by Dr. Miller. Had just one moth in stomach. Both these owls in rather open pine & fir forest with lots of clumps of young firs below. Good evidence that they forage in these firs. These 2 separated by quite a distance from the 3 noted darn't night - this all apparently good country - perhaps just in little groups every hour or two thin timber - But wind blowing so may have missed some to the sides away from the road.
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Marshall, 1941 Strip occidentalis H. Gantiam R., 3400 ft, Linn Co., Oregon June 7 Walked N. on the highway from camp (at the bench mark at the bend of the river) to the 1st road cut. Just past this cut a little draw leads up to the east-heavily wooded & a ridge on its north border is more open. Went in here & called for O.flam., Cryptogamus, & just as I left, gave 2 spotted owl hoots & a couple of horned " " . I reached the road in about 1/2 min. & just then a ♂ spotted owl gave a burst from a tall dead tree on the ridge. In a few more minutes he was down in the dense timber of the draw answering my calls, showing a good pink eyeskin, & perching on little stumps on the clean trunks. Collected it, at 1458 stomach contained 4 whole orthopterans which I saved. Gave the typical calls but very loudly- Also the ascending series of hoots leading to regular call. Often the last hoot had a yodel in it.
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Marshall, 1941 Strix occidentalis M. Santiam R., 3400 ft., Linn Co., Oregon June 10 at 10 am near Big Meadow 445 yards up the trail to Duffy Lake, I saw a gray jay & gave a couple of Spotted Owl hoots & shot him with a .22. And was "wrapping it up" a real Spotted Owl blew off up the hill. I answered & down he came - I was in a relatively clear area - just a few m. trees & he came right over-head in the blazing sunlight on a long glide & lit in a large hemlock 40 yards away. I got him with 6's - #1479, stomach full of mammals (saved). This is near the spot where Dr. Miller picked up a Spotted Owl feather a few days ago. June!! Dr. Miller got the other of this pair in the daytime. It gave just a few smarks - F #38090 AHM. Stom saved - had many of the orthopterans.
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Marshall, 1941 Nephorettes le nigra San Juan Island, San Juan Co. Wash. June 23 On highest ridge north of Friday Harbor. At sunset, was hunting nighthawks here & found that there were about 20 bl. swifts foraging with them. The swifts did not come within 100yds or so of ground. Clear & calm. Early July - at the U.S.W. Oceanographic Lab - one afternoon a flock of black swift came low (not within shooting distance) over the labs. Was a clear, sunny afternoon. August 2 at the edge of the town of Friday Harbor. Rainy afternoon, low clouds. At 6:00 PM noted a group of nighthawks foraging about 50yds in air & lower. With them about 15 barn swallows & 20 or more black swifts very low looked almost as large as the nighthawks. They were flying & soaring exceedingly slowly, just floating about, so that I probably led ' too much but finally hit one - couldn't find it.
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"1991 testament" "rigur el naturalger" "...dødt i en fersk helth, men at få ham opfor tilpint og at søge fætre TO adrett påskrift. For ved skueligefor pintud om or turbo over med tekst hanself. At milt sten piperof aftrindels miltin eras for alle afsine dørel...knap jo ca re dy001 udgængende upå op- til - påskrifts jo selv a nærmeste erø (det). I'm) vel eras defrime skald at var (matrik pintoake milti priser, nedt. a hele adsel nærmeste..." "At f øpe det til at ekstrugeft pinier adrift påskrift jo mat til ovel... vel i nærmeste grup a batur M7 00:5 hele piperof adualigfer jo dtiler eras & na - oby25 rullere) og 71 turbo milt for øjning stikd var caa ... spred op længe påskrift end som pit adueltifer det at pluk aftrøvegræ pinteres a finjelf hull da trods ventzålf... ham var hel bagel dylledg...
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Marshall , 194 Nephocetes niger San Juan Id., San Juan Co., Wash. August 13 At noon, several nighthawks were in the air above a coastal knoll ½ way between Friday Harbor & Cattle Pt. Also many barn swallows foraging closer to the ground. As usual, once would expect to see swifts with day- foraging nighthawks. Finally 3 or 4 became invisible high above the nighthawks but soon returned to the "Stratosphere".
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Marshall, 1939 a 1. Melospiza melodia Hutchins Cr. and Marshes, Vicinity of Napa, Napa Co., Calif. Clear, Calm, WNW. Oct 20 In the early morning 707 & 708 were taken by Longhurst in his back yard (Hutchins Cr., 200 ft.) At about 8 or 9 AM we went down to the revolving railroad bridge where over the Napa River where Longhurst got his skull load. I coll. 709 & 710 On the W bank of the river, just S of the bridge, where a slough starts out towards the marshes. These were in weeds at the head of the slough - we squeaked out of the dense cover. 711-716 were collected 8 ½ mi S, 2 ½ mi W Napa, on the edge of an island of dry land in the extensive Napa marshes. Song Sparrows were abundant all along the sloughs in tule. The six collected were in tule and the weeds on dry ground bordering a slough. A pair of White-tailed Kites was watched at this island. They perched in a row of tall Eucalyptus trees and flapped & sailed out over the marshes. Often seen to hover, then hold wings motionless over back & float down to earth. Linnet & junco #730 coll from Barkley's
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Marshall, 1940 Melospiza melodia Napa - Oct 20 were also seen on the island and several Savannah sparrows were seen on bare ground (among sparse salicornia near the slough. In the late afternoon we rowed to an island (Bull Id) on the East Bank of the R. 5 3/4 mi downstream from Napa. A pair of hites was seen on this id. - One perched in the top of a live oak (bar stub) and allowed an approach within 15 yds. The island was bordered by a band of Tules, then salicornia, then Baccharis - Song sparrows abundant in all three. Alarm & others notes given often. A few in song. Flew from tules to baccharis etc - no restriction to type of cover. 717-720 taken here. I set traps in the salicornia for Longhurst. Back at Longhurst house, I took a Sayornis sayas 721 from the awning at the south-facing sleeping porch window (2nd floor). It fluttered against the window when I turned on the light. I reached back of the screen & caught it.
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Marshall, 1940 Melospiza melodia Napa - Oct 20 were also seen on the island and several Savannah sparrows were seen on bare ground (among sparse salicornia near the slough. In the late afternoon we rowed to an island (Bulld) on the East Bank of the R. 5 3/4 mi downstream from Napa. A pair of hites was seen on this id. - One perched in the top of a live oak (bar stub) and allowed an approach within 15 yds. The island was bordered by a band of Tules, then Salicornia, then Baccharis - Song sparrows abundant in all three. Alarm & others notes given often. A few in song. Flew from tules to baccharis etc - no restriction to type of cover. 717-720 taken here. I set traps in the Salicornia for Longhurst. Back at Longhurst's house, I took a Sayornis sayas 721 from the awning at the south-facing sleeping porch window (2nd floor). It fluttered against the window when I turned on the light. I reached back of the screen & caught it.
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Marshall, 1939 Melospiza melodia Napa, Oct 21 Back at the traps on the id., 5 1/4 mi. downstream from Napa, I found 2 song sparrows (722, 723) in two traps baited with oats and set on the moist ground under the dense growth of Salicornia. This s. formed a "jungle", very dense, about 1 foot high - the birds apparently were foraging in the little mammal trails and clearing under this cover. Back at Longmire's house, # 724 was taken in the yard, like the others there was foraging it under the shrubbery with white-crowned sparrows & towhees. A varied thrush noted in the yard. (On the way back from the id., a Sayornis (725) was taken from a fence in a cow pasture 5 mi. S W Napa. After lunch, we drove down the road following Hrichica Creek to its opening into the marshes, just across the S.P.R.R. tracks. Here, at the edge of the marshes, were a few baccharis clumps, dense Wild Celery stands, Salicornia. About 10 Song sparrows were seen or heard and 3 taken from Baccharis and Celery.
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Marshall, 1939 a 4. Melospiza melodia Raps, Oct 21 They apparently foraged on the ground under these celery stalks & would mount up onto these stalks when I would approach within 25 yds. Three were taken. # 726-8 . I then walked back the 2½ or 3 miles to Longhurst's house, following the creek all the way. The creek was in a deep gorge lined with willows. All the towhees & crowned sparrows were common, no song sparrows were found. There was no underbrush or vine tangles suitable for them along the whole stream course. The first ones were in the weeds & vines along the Creek at Longhurst's house; these are the first ones up from the marshes, or unless some occur in the farm gardens adjacent to the creek. Thus there is at least a 2 mile gap between the salt-marsh & riparian song sparrows. In the evening a Screech Owl was collected # 729 from a Sycamore at the creek by Longhurst's house. 12 were heard in the oak country
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Marshall, 1934 Melospiza melodia. Napa, Oct 21. on the dry slopes above the ranch. They were very wild and wouldn't answer imitated hoots, but would give one or two alarm calls (all would break out in chorus from all parts of the hill) when I gave Horned or Spotted Owl hoots. Oct 22. Spent the day skulking the Napa sloughs with Longhurst, hunting ducks. 1st day of season. Song sparrows abundant in tule everywhere. Would fly see low across sloughs & alight at mud at base tules, then hop into this cover, foraging on the wet mud. Usually remaining very well concealed. One duck hawk seen several times darting from high in sky & driving miped flocks of waterfowl over the river & open places in the sloughs. Never struck. The waterfowl would fly very close to the water for protection, all three pairs of hites seen - very tame - easy mark for duck hunters. The mallards & spring got up in huge blocks at the first shooting (6:30 AM)
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Marshall, 1939 melospiza melodia a 6. sloughs Napa Oct 22 and made off for the east flying very high. We got 16' Green-winged Teal; the teal stayed all day in small groups in the smallest, most secluded sloughs - and would be flushed at very close range. One Snow goose seen. 1 Ruddy taken. About 6 ruddies seen, many avocets (?)
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Marshall, 1939 a 7. Melospiza melodia San Pablo Creek, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Cloudy day, no wind. December 14 # 748 taken as forages among leaves on ground under Buckeye & Willows growing along San Pablo Creek in S.P. Canyon 3 mi E marshes. 3 others heard here within 100 yards. Very early in the morning (before sunrise). Next drove down to Wildcat Cr. on the flat land 1/2 mi. E marshes. Here it meanders in a gully and comes within about 200 yards, 100+ yards of San Pablo Creek. The growth along it is restricted (by cultivation) to Willows at the very edge of the gully. Also some Blackberry & rose tangles, thickets. Only 2 sparrows heard along 200 yards of this habitat both Coll (749, 750) one foraging on ground among a few Baccharis & WildCelery stalks the other in tangles of vines in the creek gully 200 yds downstream. 751-757 Taken (in order towards the bay) in willows at the very last willow growth on San Pablo Cr. just before it crosses the last road and enters the marshes. A few cattle
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Marshall, 1939 a 8. Melospiza melodia San Pablo Creek, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Dec. 14. grew in the stream bed at this point. 751 was taken in a weed field 30 yards from the willows, the rest from the willows, and a couple from the cattails. The birds were very active, chasing each other about and arriving at the willows (from nearby weeds & vine tangles) in loudly- calling & coisterous twoes & threes. They seemed to be concentrated at the willows because little available weed habitat elsewhere (all cultivated). Foraged on ground at base of willows & vine tangles. 750 - 762 taken next in tules, weeds, and Salicornia 200-400 yards west of the last willows along the slough from San Pablo Creek. They were chasing each other about & 8's were singing from the tops of tules & from tops of a few solitary baccharis on edge of slough. Foraged on gnd.- could be squeeked up on top of tules & collected. Usually out of sight (well under cover of weed growth & tules). Next drove 4 1/2 mi. up San Pablo Creek into the Canyon where 3 taken 745-7 along the creek (in blackberry
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Marshall, 1939 melospiza melodia a 9. San Pablo Cr., Contra Costa Co., Calif. Dec 14 (tangles & willows) within 150 yds. 3 or 4 thurs seen, a few singing. A good population along the stream, here where tangles of vine & shrubbery were abundant under the willows, live oaks, and buckeye. None up side-creeks, where no undergrowth. Foraged on ground among under this shrubby. Seemingly require one thing - dense cover of plant growth on damp ground which can forage or damd. This requirement is met both in the vine tangles along the creek and in the tules at the marsh. Thus there is here an element common to both marsh & riparian habitats which is the critical one for the song sparrow - altho outwardly, the two habitats seem tremendously different. The food must be different, the nesting & song sites also, but the general type of forage cover must be about the same in each case (with respect to the song sparrow, at least).
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Marshall, 1940 a 10. Melospiza melodia 1/2 mi. E Diablo Pt. Contra Costa Co. Calif. This is the flat (Cloudy) Calm February 24 salt-marsh at the county line, irrigated by a network of small, slow-moving sloughs from Cerito Creek - all just north & north-west of El Cerito (the knoll). Each slough is bordered by a growth of a composite shrub 3-5 feet high and extending in a dense belt 3-10 yards on each side of the slough. The areas in between are covered with a dense salicoma cover, only 6" - 1' high. The song sparrows were abundant in the composites - very wary, foraging on the wet ground at the bases of the plants covering the ground in a course 11 to the slough. The birds were mostly all definitely paired; As were singing from definite song perches (tops of the composites or within these shrubs). One pair was foraging on the ground under 2 isolated shrubs on the side of the R.R. embankment. They stayed very close together - I scared them & they flew back to the growth along the sloughs. Likewise, another pr. was
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Marshall, 1940 a 11. Melospiza melodia Boni & Isabel Pt., Contra Costa Co., Calif. found in Salicornia then Feb. 24. in the shrubbery on the bay side of the embankment. Chatti collected a pair & we each took a single bird (770-773). The birds were very abundant, I should say 1 pair to every 25 or 30 yards of growth along the slough. I collected a pair at the west edge of the R.R. embankment just W of El Cerrito (knoll). The ♂ 774 was singing from a wire 10' above gnd; the ♀ was taken in a baccharis just under this perch. The area here was wet salicornia marsh & weeds along the R.R. bank. About 3 pairs only were seen & in the Salicornia W of the R.R. bank. They would fly across the R.R. & back to the shrubby-lined sloughs.
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Marshall, 1940 Melospiza melodia Richmond (hills SW of), Contra Costa Co., Caly. These hills face the Richmond Yacht Harbor - there is no marsh land here as all has been filled in by dredging for the yacht-harbor. Song Sparrows were abundant in Baccharis & wet weed thickets & Celery patches at the very base of these hills (where miniature meadows and grd. very wet. None above the 2nd road. Seemed to be in mating activity, pairs chasing each other, it's singing from definite perches. 3 taken 7-16-41 in Baccharis & adjacant weeds on wet (fresh-water) ground just above road. It's stopped singing after an hr. Clear, bright, calm day. Stone took 4 more - 3 at sea level at the base of hill (in Baccharis, 1 in Celery patch). A fresh-water situation - swampy weedy growth at base of hill - singing & pursuing each other thru Baccharis & poison oak tangles - all confined to near base of hill. Very numerous, but in very narrow belt.
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281 Stone 261+ 779 Marshall 779 Carrots Marshall 780 780 stone 26 12 singing 262 dyke Slough Ford Factory Saltty Flat Bay 781 Marshall 781
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Marshall, 1940 a 13. Melospiza melodia Along on S side Richmond Contra Costa, Calif. This is the only suitable marsh 1. S.S. habitat between The Richmond hills and the tule marsh just S of Stege. None found anywhere else between these pts. except one singing in shrubbery & doorway of house at Stege, only 200 yards yds. from tule marsh. This slough ran toward the bay from Cerrito - & is about 3/4 mi East of the Ford plant. It is lined with dense cover of salicornia, & here & there bushes (a composite) towards the mouth of the slough, there is a dense & [illegible] cover of these bushes, 3-4' high & about 5-10 yards wide. Several pairs of S.S. were found along this slough - foraging in salicornia, singing from tops bushes, flying low over salicornia diving in, or alighting in shrubbery). I took 3 (779-81) & Ston took 2. The part of the slough occupied by song sparrows is only about 300 yards long, the total population of song sparrows must be 16 or 20. a very sm slough & isolated by
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Marshall, 1940 a. 14. Melospiza melodia Richmond & Stege, Contra Costa Co., Calif. March 1. more than a mile in every direction. The birds appeared to be paired ?'s singing from song perches. At Stege one was heard in a door yard (shrubbery-baccharis) near the bay, and a total of about 6 birds were seen in the small Tule marsh just SW of the Station. ?+ The marsh was no more than 200 x 100 yds probably less- was a dense growth of Tules or very mushy mud. Flooded at high tide (where do song sparrows go then?). 100 yds from shore was a little arm of dry ground with some salicornia. Here a pair was flushed from " - they fluttered back into the Tules. When we first arrived at the marsh, several ?'s were singing after I collected one (782) singing on a concrete structure in the center of the marsh, and chased after others, there apparently was not a single bird left there. I walked out & board walk to the arm of land mentioned above,
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Marshall, 1940 melopiza melodia Stege, Contra Costa Co., Calif., March 1, 1940 and was surprised to hear a half-dozen song sparrows singing from a rocky breakwater 300 yds out in the bay! Their clear songs rolled across the waters from this absolutely barren breakwater! Apparently all my tule marsh birds had all retreated out to the breakwater. Back at the edge of the marsh, 2 were seen again in the Tules, & one collas it hopped around on a mat of tule. (# 783). The salicornia marsh was seen to start again further south (past a dump) and extended along the west side of the RR embankment almost all the way to Isabel point. Marsh between Stege & Isabel Pt., Contra Costa Co., Calif. March 8. Cold overcast day. 784-6 taken here. Foraged in Salicornia (where invisible under 6" cover of "") or at bases of Baccharis + Composite shrubs.
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Marshall, 1940 Melospiza melodia Marsh between Stege & Isabel Pt. Contra Costa Co., Calif. Stone took several March 8, more. All taken on in narrow strip of Salicornia marsh (with shrub patches) on west of R.R. embankment. Marsh only 25-75 yards wide here. S.S. paired; M's singing usually 2 birds foraging together. No chasing seen. No long flight taken. Several heard from Salicornia on E side of R.R. at one pt... However, I believe that this is an isolated colony of S.S. - the only habitat between Stege and Isabel Pt. - No streams entering here - not enough shrubbery around few houses & auto camps or higher grd. One pair about every 75 yards or less. The farthest south taken were (78495) One pair of both had been feeding in the mud of a small patch of tules; flew back to sm. patch of shrubs in Salicornia, coll.
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Marshall, 1940 a 17. Melospiza melodia San Pablo Marsh, Contra Costa Co., Calif. March 8 Tules extend in from bay in a broad belt about 1/4 mi in width; then about 100 ± yds of Salicornia (dense, on wet gnd); 8-12
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Marshall, 1940 a 18. Melospiza melodia San Pablo marsh, Contra Costa Co., Calif., March 8 a pond. Ned Stone said he saw a black-breasted bird here. The sparrows did not seem to be limiting themselves to any definite areas. Would need more observation to tell. Birds apparently chasing each other all over marsh. 795-6 (again) and 797 were then taken in willows & growth beneath them 1/3 mi. upstream from mouth San Pablo Cr. They were in unworn plumage & no band on head & bill, as in the salt-marsh birds. It's singing all along these willows. Foraging in brush along stream, weeds at edge of willow-growth. 798 taken from willow at mouth Wildcat Creek to south. 5s. very abundant in these willows - about 12 in 100-yds. Confined to the growth along the stream. Very hard to approach. Many singing 7's.
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a 19. Marshall, 1940 Melospiza melodia Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. March 16 A male, #799 taken by sling shot after squeeked up out of vine tangles on south hill slpe just above Strawberry pool. Had been singing. Campus #800, male taken as hopped among bushes (on the ground) at edge of lawn on north side Haviland Hall. Had been singing. Mate also seen. Campus, March 25 Female, 802 trapped by Al Wolfson at edge of Eucalyptus grove near L.S.B. A male, # 803 trapped on the 27th. Coyote Creek, Santa Clara Co., Calif. April 5 Clear, Windy. Drove down from Berkeley with Stone. Stopped at a fresh-water marsh just south of sew Mt. Eden and collected two song sparrows. (put up by stone) Also there were many in the cattails along the highway. Got another from a tree on the side of the same highway near Alvarade; also put up by Stone.* Drove to Milpitas, thence west on the highway towards Alviso. Stopped where Coyote Creek crosses the highway and worked along the wil lows to mouth. Many ss taken, many singing in the narrow growth and brush piles along the creek, also in adjacent orchards. Would fly out into the orchards to sing and when stalked would retreat to the streamside growth. Began getting yellow-bellied birds long (several hundred yards) before reaching salicornia flats. No good salt marsh at end of willows, because has all been drained. Apparently no ss between the end of the willows and the edge of the bay. The yellow-bellied birds must be hybrid descendents of the pusillusla which had to retreat to the stream and orchards when the marsh was drained. See accompanying map for locating of specimens. Several good santaecrucis taken but most appear to be hybrids. Drove to Stanford and looked at the c llection. They have Grinnells specimens taken by him on his bicycle song sparooow expedition. Dr. Martin has in his personal collection good pusillula from a gun club on the marsh west-of east of the town. Good habitat for pusillula seen at Alviso. Solano Co., Calif. SS Expedition with Emerson Stones- of Benicia. April 7 Met Stoner at Vallejo, Drove to Island no. 1. in Napa Co. A slight drizzle of rain Snag sparrowes more abundant than I have ever seen. * See p back of this page
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* stopped at fresh water pond near Alvarado - bamboos planted - saw owner - who made this a duck ground & rented it to hunters. Saw no S.S. here. He told me to go 1/2 mi to a Big Duck Club (owned by S.F. banker) * see care (Nelson ?). Went down - House with garde & chicken coops - many song sparrows around feeding in " " About 50 yds. away were po & willows - farther, was the salt marsh. go back here. ( have lost name of club & owner.)
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Marshall, 1940 Coyote Cr. Santa Clara Co. Cal. a 20. April 5 Brush pile or adjacent low willow yellow-gray brown 81 Pair 812 Road Coyote Creek ♂ singing in orchard ♂ 813 ♀ ♂ 810 orchard? ♂ 809 yellowish orchard ♂ 806 brown Stone's Red Bird #298 very brown orchard ♀ stone - orange bird edge of orchard #299 yellow-brown Stone's shot up #814 brown N ♂ Stone's bird ( ♀ ) #297 willows brown pair? ( 809 3 willows yellowish ♂ 806 yellowish 4 hrs ♀ 805 brush brown ♂ 804 brush brown Stone's yellow #300 orchard bird yellow ♀
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Lake Herman φ Trestle α + φ Arsenal φ α α with broken l. leg Also Sathampton Bay Marsh α α (one is lightly spotted, brown) φ dow Marsh South Vallejo α + φ(?) Jd. I 1/2 W of Bridge - φ Crood patch Jd I, just E. Sonoma Cr. Bridge α broken st. terous φ
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Marshall, 1940 Melospiza melodia Solano Co., Calif. April 7 abundant than I have ever seen them before. Were in a very luxuriant growth of baccharis, grindelia, etc. Would squeek four or five out of a bush at once. A pair almost every ten yards. Several taken also from a very tall stand of Salicornia on the highway nearer Vallejo. The rest of the day we took series from salt marshes (salicornia, tules, grindelia) at Vallejo marsh (on the southern end of town), South-ampton Bay marsh, marsh at the Benicia arsenal on Carcinez Straits, and the marsh at the mouth of Sulphue S springs Valley. Next we drove about three miles up Sulphur Springs Valley and took some at the fresh water marsh at the Benicia reservoir, called Lake Herman. These birds were in reeds and willows. Had a swell supper at the Stoner's, and returned via Greyhound after putting on some of Emerson's dry clothes. We didn't find any real maxillaris at all. Contra Costa and Solano counties, Calif. May 13 This time, took a university car, #191 and with Stone collected riparian ss from Rodeo Creek watershed to the Green Valley watershed at Cordelia. Several were taken in willows at various points along Rodeo Creek were very abundant at one point about 2 miles east of Rodeo, where two forks of the creek met in a broad valley with a large tract of willows. Juvinals out and around. Next stop was Canada del Cierbo, a cnyon opening into the town of Selby, where the chemical plant is located. About a mile up the walley from the bay there is a reservoir with a largetract of willows and cattails, in which song sparrows were abunlant. Also russet-backed thrushes, Allen hummers, grosbeaks, etc. A fine cddecting place. Lake herman, where we next stopped was an almost identical situation, but here gouldi, rather than santaecrucis were in abundance. A bird was taken from a patch of willow about three mil es up the Green Valley watershed north of Codelia. We stopped right in Cordelia when we heard some ss singing in the fresh water marshe there at the mouth of Green Valley Creek. We collected four. Then we drove south three miles onto the slt marsh and took 6 from the dense population there in the tules. The weather was fair; clear but quite windy.
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a. 22. Marshall, 1940 Melospiza melodia I had thought that the dry grass hills east of Vallejo might serve as a barrier te between gouldi to the north and santaecrucissouth of the Carcinez Straits. There- fore, I went with Longhurst on a trip through Napa Endnty. Napa County, Calif. May 18-20 On the 18, after having spent the night of the 17th looking for Goofus Owls on Mt. St. Helena, we stopped at a stream 2 mi. North of Calistoga, where I collected one song sparrow, away from the willows, in some weeds. Only this bird and its mate were seen, and they were located only when I apraoc hed their nest. None were singing nor in evidence anywhere in the willows. (Several Anthony Green Herons see. The next locality was a frest-water marsh 3 miles se of Calistoga, where song sparrows and redwings were abundant . The sparrows were singing from the thickets bordering the marsh, and seemed to prefer this rich growth of "soft chaparral" to the cattails themselves. Two birds were taken from the bank of the Napa River at the home of a freind of Longhurst about 3 miles north of town. (Napa). Or the 19th, one male was taken at Longhurst's ranch on Huichica Creek. It had been heard singing once or twice during the day, and was finally located in some willows bordering the creek. None were found anywhere else along the creek nor on neighboring creeks. At midnight , I hitch-hiked from the ranch to Jameson Canyon, sleepddinslept in a haystack, and started east along the railroad tracks at dawn. I was surprised to find song sparrows very numerous in this canyon, surrounded by grassy hills. A very good habitat occured along the railroad trak, and consiste of low willows, and vine tangles. Probably each canyon between here and the straits has much this same growth, so that these dry hills probably are not as much of a barrier for upland song sparrows as might be supposed. When I got to the Head of the western watershed of theis pass, I started down into the canyon on the Solana Co. side. Here were oaks, buckeye, etc., and few willows, which must account for the fact that I found no sparrows at all. Therewas, however, a very heavy wind. One was taken in Solano Co. at the top of the pass, still in the vine tangles. Last week in May. Berkeley Aquatic Park, Alameda Co.
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Marshall, 1940 a. 23. Melospiza melodia Berkeley Aquatic Park, Alameda Co., Calif. Last week in May Two pairs seen at close range with binocs. Were nesting in willows at edge of the pond by KRE radio station. Foraging in on mud around edge of tule patch. Apparently nesting because both members of first pair gave continuous alarm notes. Watson had thought he had seen a very dark bird here - Dave Nichols also * similar to the North bird - a mutant(?) - from Melrose marsh. The birds we saw at this time we re normal santaecrucis apparently. I could see no tra ce of yellow on the undersides, even with the 16 power binocs. The dark bird had been seen early in the year at this same patch of wil lows. (fresh - lypha) Saw a good salt water marsh at the bridge entrance. Perhaps good pusillula here. Situation has probably changed a lot in recent years, owning to draining of marshes - at expense of pusillula and to advantage of santaecrucis. Marin Co. salt marshes, Calif. July 1 Objective: to"obtain" as Sibley says - song sparrows from marshes as close to the golden gate as possible ( on the north side of course). This was to see if there was any intergradation between samuelis and pusillula between South SanFrancisco and Marin Co. marshes. Took John Chattin's ford and Boots; left Boot's house at about twelve noon. Went via Richmond ferry to San Rafael and down the highway to the most southerly marsh on the bay side. This turned out to be at the mouth of Coyote Creek. The upper end of the marsh was of sali cornia, bordered by baccharis and vine tangles and willows. In other words, there was a fine gouldi habitat all around the edge of this part of the marsh, and the marsh itself was none too good even for samuelis. I was not surprised ther to find the sparrows only around the edge, where they were singing and carrying food to the nest. #911 was carrying in food from the marsh, but was nevertheless nesting in a poison-oak thicket at the edge.
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Marshall, 1940 a. 24. Melospiza melodia Marin Co., Calif., salt marshes. July 1 In Marin Co., then, owing to the prevalence of soft chaparral, which is such good habitat for upland song sparrows, there is more continuity in the distribution of salt marsh and fresh water birds than any where else around the bay. As a result, one might well expect the salt marsh and fresh-water forms to be more like each other here than any other place around the bay. To go on with the marsh at the mouth of Coyote Creek, the main part of the marsh towards the bay consisted of a luxuriant growth of tules and ss were common in them; but the wind was blowing so hard that I was unable to stalk or scare up any which could be shot with the 22 revolver. Perhaps these birds are more typical of samuelis. Three-birds-were-later We next had lunch in the hills back of Ross, and then went down to the marsh at the mouth of Corte Madera Creek. Here ss were abundant in salicornia and T ules by some cabins at the edge of the slough. Boots picked out the adults with the binoculars, as families of 5-6 young would swarm around me when I squeeked. I took two adults and a juvinal with the 22 revolver. We went to Muir Woods at dusk and heard hermit and russet-backed thrushes, and saw three deer. I was unable to call up any spotted of pygmy owls. Lowery Dobson told me later that he had seen a pair of Spotted Owls in the daytime perched above the nature trail a few yards from where it branches off from the main park trail . Suisun Bay, Solano Co., Calif. July 8 With Ned Stone went to Cordelia on afternoon of 7th. Camped 3 mi. up Green Valley, in blue and live oak country. Windy; didn't find any scronch owls. Next am, drove toward Cordelia, picked up ss at creek crossing. Several l were in small patch of cattails and adjacent willows. This was at a ranch about 2 mi. from the bay. Next collected a series from the
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July 5 Mary Co. Gaff with Ned Stone of Cordelia to Green Valley, "Green Valley". "Wind;" and "New Mexico." Cordelia, New Mexico, where I was born. I were in a place called "Gaff" and saw a bird on the ground. It was a small bird with a long tail. The bird flew away when I tried to catch it. I did not see any other birds in that area. There were many trees and bushes around me. The air was cool and fresh. I felt very happy to be there. I enjoyed watching the birds fly around. They seemed so free and happy. I wished I could have stayed longer to enjoy the beauty of nature more. But time passed quickly and I had to leave soon after. I left feeling sad but hopeful for what might happen next.
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Marshall, 1940 Melospiza melodia Cordelia and Suisun Bay, Solano Co., Calif. July 8. tules in the fresh-water marsh at the opening of Green Valley Creek right in Cordelia. Proceeded to the salt marsh about 200 yards away and got series there from reeds, tules. Very windy, hard to find sparrows; sang intermittently. None had large bills like the 1909 maxillaris. Decided to go to Grizzly Id. to get some topotypes of maxillaris. Were common in the tules and adjacent rose thickets near the Grizzly King ferry. Collected a series there (salt marsh), but still no thick bills. Have maxillaris birds been swamped out, or is there a seasonal change in thebill size? Next went to Clear Lake and went out to Stone's camp on the island. Song sparrows everywhere. ON night of 8th went to Mt. Hannah where coll. a goofus owl, see Otus flammeolus.
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Marshall, 1941 Melospiza melodia Solano, Napa, Sonoma, and Marin Counties, Calif. Jan. 10, 11, 12. George Bartholomew and I left Berkeley in the ford with camping equipment at 3 pm Jan 10. Arrived at sw se corner of L. Chabot about ½ hour before sunset. The Lake is high and the large patch of tules is out from shore about 5 - 10 yards. A large mixed flock of song-sparrows, lincoln, white-crowned, and savannah sparrows was feeding in the tall grass at the margin of the lake and they flew out to the tules at our approach. Soon became dark. We went to a nearby filling station and inquired about shooting on the lake, which is posted and belongs to the Vallejo Water Co.(The Lake is on the left side of the Sacramento highway, just north-east of Vallejo.) We were told that Mr. MacPherson of 45 Capaliano Street, Vallejo, had shooting priviledges during duck season. I called up MacPherson and talked hto him about shooting. He was a Cal grad. and had heard of MVZ and J. G. Camped that night ** near Sulphur Springs and heard a horned owl in the Eucalyptus there. Next a.m. went to the s-e corner of the lake - saw an Amer. Bittern fly from the marsh and alight in the field. 2 or 3 song sparrows singing in the tules, and several feeding in the weeds at the edge of the lake - flushed to tules Also several lincoln sparrows and savannah and crowned sparrows. Collected one Gt. Basin S. Sp. in a baccharis at the edge of the lake. Next walked along 50 yards of a little creek on the east of the highway with tall grass and a few tules - saw no song sp. but about 8 Lincolns and Many white-crownes.and-feeLincoln sparrows would flush from the grass and fly very low alo ng the ditch and dissappear into the weeds. Would mount the tules and look at me when I squeaked.Saw a Farralon Cormorant flying high andNext-went eastward - perhaps going to the Suisun Bay. Went to the n-w end of the lake and coll. 8 s.s. from cattails and willows where the Lake overflows.
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Marshall, 1941 Melospiza melodia Solano Co., Etc. January 11 Several males singing from time to time - not constantly. A lincoln sparrow shot in cat- tails (not preserved). R-c Kinglets and hermit thrush also seen in wet cattail meadow. In flock of white-crowns in an Oak, saw the flash of a white-throat. Several Varied thrushes here, and a large hermit thrush which I should have collected. All this in the extensive fresh marsh downstream from the overfolw of the lake. Drove to the mouth of this creek and saw that the brush and willows don't come within 2 mile of the salt marsh. Neth, Northward, on the highway to Napa and just north of the Napa Co. line was a creek whose willows went far down towards the marsh, but were separated from it by a pasture. Not much brush along this stream due to grazing, therefore probably few if any song sparrows. Drove from Napa Junction to Cutting-Green Id. where the r.r. crosses the Napa R. No creeks here, and a large dyke built along the east margin of the river, so that no longer an extensive salt marsh on the west side of the river. Went to Jameson Canyon, Napa Co. side, and coll. 7 song sparrows from the large population in the rich growth of vines and willows along the r.r. track. None singing - rather windy, but several called from time to time. Drove back to the Napa highway and looked at every creek flowing west toward the marsh, but none came near it at all, although one can easily suppose that before the river was dyked off and the stream sides grazed, there could have been a contact between willows and marsh at each stream. At Suscol Creek was an extensive patch of willows and brush along the creek only about 3 or 400 yards from the salt slough (dense tules) ) where many black, heavily-streaked song sparr ows were seen - two at very close range. As usual, the tule birds very tame and curious of squeaks. But no song sparrows were seen along the creek - perhaps too narrow as line of brush. Yet looked as good as San Pablo Creek - one would certainly expect a few pairs here. This skip 5 pages please
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Marshall, 1941 Melospiza melodia Northern Contra Costa Col, Calif. Jan. 20, 1941. John Chattin and I started from Berkeley at 1 pm and drove directly to Selby. Cloudy and windy. Walked up Canada del Cierbo - very wet- to willows at west-end-of-the-li east end of the little lake ½ mi. E Selby. Artificial Lake, about 50 yards in diameter, cattails around 3 sides, willows and wet meadow at upper end quite extensive patch. Shrubbery andvines at base of each willow - rest, grassy and open. One large flock white-crowned sparrows seen - about 50. 2 Bewick Wrens, several r-c kinglets, 1 hermit thrush, 6 Varied Thrushes, one shrike, 6 Spotted Towhees. When we first arrived, 2 song sparrows were singing. Then wind came up more and we heard only 3 or 4 more sing in the next hour and½. Collected 6, getting them the 2-man method (one chasing them out of cover, the other shooting). Also one M.m.morphna and one Lincoln Sparrow, which as usual was in a patch of weeds in the open. We flushed it and it flew to the shrubbery along the creek, where it ran along mouse-like when we tried to drive it out - head and tail low, kept under cover as if along Microtus trails even when going from one clump of bushes to another. Hundreds of Triturus - many copulating - males on top, lighter and covered with smooth secretion, cloaca everted and joining with female's. Females dark, rough, not slimy. Chattin coll. about 15. Song sparrows hid in shrubbery at bases of willows - would call sometimes when squeeked at and each time that the flock of white-crowns would go thru . Drove to Fort Costa. No salt marshes from Selby on. At Ft. Costa, may once have been a salt marsh at north of the narrow valley that opens to bay at edge of town - but now all a railroad yard. Good soft chaparral habitat for upland ss on each north-facing valley from Selby around to Martinez. Good riparian habitat with willows in each northward running canyon. Above port Cost a reservoire with Cattails. The only Salt marsh is at Martinez -
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Marshall, 1941 Melospiza melodia Martinez, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Jan. 20. a large one running west from the town for abut a mile. Separated from the hills by S.P. tracks. At the mouth of a little valley 4 mi. W town a good riparian habitat comes down to the traks. Many ss. An excellent place to study intergradation. The salt marsh here is about 60 yards wide with lots of song sparrows singing, calling, chasing each other, twittering. Heard 3 or 4 Lincoln sparrows, several rails, saw 6 marsh wrens. Chattin and I coll. 8 ss. from the salt marsh which consists of tules and cattails and openings of bermuda grass and some salicorn ia. Another little canyon just west of this also brings the upland habitat to the edge of the marsh. The first canyon mouth has a front of willows, vines, and shrubbery about 40 yards, separated from the marsh only by the tracks. Farther up the canyon we saw a horned owl fly up to a Eucalyptus (before sunset) Perched on bare stub 30 feet up. S.S. and other birds gave alarm notes. After collecting the song sparrows, which squeeked up easily, it was dark, andwe returned to Berkeley, via Franklin Canyon. Flushed a snipe at the edge o f the willow thickets at the lake in Canada del Cierbo. It gave the rough c y. Seen ret again 5 min later as flew back over the willows and called once m more. -Cold, cloudy, and windy. Specimens: 1170 - 1185. Sobrante, Contra Costa Co., Calif. Jan. 26 Calm, clear, warm, and sunny. Drove i n the afternoon with Frank Watson to Sobrante to look at the salt marshes along the northh edge of, this peninsula west of Finole. Are fairly con- tinuous for about a mile and vary from 75 to loo yards in width. Used to extend inland up each valley, but now cut off by the railroad bed. West of Sobrante, they are pure salicornia with no song sparrows - because sal. very short. East, have much Grindelia too - the higher type of marsh with no tules. Song sparrows abundant in the grindelia. Several singing. One singing
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Marshall, 1941 Melospiza melodia Sobrante Jan 26 from eucalyptus tree overlooking marsh at Sobrante. On a little hill back from the marsh on the west side of Sobrante, a pair was found in brush piles and weeds. Male singing from eucalyptus stumps. Male heavily streaked, female very small am't streaking. Appeared to be en- tirely independent of the salt marsh habitat. These were the only song sparrows seen away from the marsh. There was one line of willows along a creek 1/2 mi. above Sobrante, but no song sparrows. Little if any habitat available for upland song sparrows on the entire peninsula. Collected 5 song sparrows (1186-1190) from the grindelia thickets along the small sloughs. Squeaked up readily. In brush piles with the song sparrow pair was a roving flock of about 10 house sparrows; many golden and white-crowns, one fox sparrow, 10 juncos. In patch of bushes at edge of marsh were r-c kinglets (one making fly-catching flights into the air from the low weeds) willow and green-backed goldfinches, myrtle and aud. warblers. Flicker, varied thrush, robin and the juncos seen in the eucalyps with house finches. Many cans off shore with wilets and godwits along edge. This high grindelia salt marsh is a good pure habitat for samuels song sparrow as no change for mixing with upland forms. The speci- mens all very much alike - unusual in this respect. Went to the salt marsh at Finole - a good gindelia and salicornia habitat - all confined t to the bay side of the r.r. tracks now - no contact with any upland habitat. Probably a good pop. of samuel's s.s. here. On the way out, saw two buffle-heads on a flooded field on the south side of San Pablo creek on the east sideof the highway. A man was trying to stalk them. They would fly,take a long flight and return to the lake. At Garrity Creek, just south-west of Finole the willows are separated by the r.r. tracks from and pasture from the bay marsh [illegible] wich is very narrow here, if it exists at all.
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September 28, 1940 Mocker (Berkeley) Canyon: Fox Sparrow Ruby-cr. Kinglet Winter Wren
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Marshall, 1941 Melospiza melodia Napa Co. Jan 11 patch a riparian growth separated by [illegible] mile or more of bare stream bed from the willows on the le east side of the highway! We searched very carefully, however, and saw none. A large flock of white-crowns seen, however, and I ceu- caught a good glimpse of a bird with a very prominant white superciliary stripe extending far back on the heard which was undoubtedly a white-throat. Saw several W. Bluebirds on the hillside. Tulucay Creek ends in a large pasture. The Napa river itself is bare of song-sparrow habitat for a mile downstream from town - [!] probably no song sparrows until the firt tules, of the salt slough.
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Marshall, 1941 Melospiza melodia Pinole, Contra Costa, Calif. April 6 12 m. at Pinole R.R. Station. Tracks run along salt marsh about 3/4 mi. long and 75 yds. wide. Rich growth Salicornia [Birds breeding out in salt marsh. Saw a remarkable song flight - a & singing + prolonged bubbling song while flew 20' high in great arc, slowly + with rapidly fluttering wings.] 21 full days in field
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Empidonax difficilis UC Campus Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Apr. 4, 1940 10:35 25' up in 1st large laurel E of junction of N or S Fks Strawberry Cr. on S FK. - at S edge eucal. grove. Foraging. Still for ½ min or more. Then flies catche, gives pee-ist . at intervals, a slight sic , or seek. Only 1 heard. Quivers wings & tail after and as alights. Calls just after alighting . (At least 2 downys here) 11:58 AM One in old Cr. bed E Cowell. Foraging in low Catalina cherry near (10') laurels 75 yds. upstream from Sr. Women's hall. tseek & tseek - no pee-est Upright posture.
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March April 6, 1940 Strawberry Creek from Stadium to Eve Grove! 8:30 Song Sparrow singing in Cat. Cherry opposite Senior Women's Hall. 8:40 Long sparrows" Woman's Faculty Club. 5:55 Back down Faculty Club - ? singing in little yard. Heard again at 9:15 8:50 W Flycatcher - Laurel between Bridge & Senior Men's hall First in Potosiporum NE corner Senior Men's Hall, then down to Laurels NE corner Faculty Club - then back upstream. Seek present tick order varied 1 ♀ Allen Hummer. Ranges thru Entire Oak & Laurel growth from Faculty Club to Woman's Fac Club. And Faculty Glade. 9:20 Song Sparrow Hearst Bridge. 1:45 " " above ' ' 10:20 " " Sather Gate - Oak just W " " 1/2 between" & Music Bldg. Onl opp. LSB. S side Eucalyptus Grove ? Downy in Laurel nest cavity 1/2 built on Laurel slab - facing E - both birds work - get 1/2 in, peck, throw out chips
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W side Enc Grove - No 21 Flycatcher 11.25 Ssp W LSP at oak, flus back downstream & sang from Blackberry vine. W. Flycatcher - just pee-cest at SH Willey Redwood no song in oaks & Laurel moved up to W side Warland, 11.30 Ss. at stream near Grann In top Buckeye - head held high when singing ; tail down straight .
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Marshall, (140 Pipilo maculatus UC campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. March 3, 5:15 PM. Clear, calm, sunny. In eucalyptus in valley between Haviland & Library a soft song heard: peep, peep, peep-peep-peep, 5 notes separate, in increasing speed; each similar in quality to the ordinary call of the robin (see see see-cook-cook) but lacking the inflection & explosive quality of the robin's note. A little less than 2 seconds' duration, same pitch as robin's ordinary single call. Each song given about 3-5 or more sec. after previous one. Cowhee seen about 30' up in eucalypt. on open twig near trunk. Perched upright, tail vertical, head held high & bill pointing slightly upward at each song. Body wobbles or swells at each note. Presently moved to higher limb where sang about 5 more times, this time only 3 or 4 notes in succession. Many robins in tree, calling with 2 or 3 notes. Also many siskins & Calif. Purple Finches feeding on blossoms. A J
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Marshall, 1940 Zoreus naevius UC Campus Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. March 16 1940 at as edge creek on west border of eucalyptus grove, a varied thrush flushed from ground where feeding with juncos, a song sparrow, white- crowned sparrows. Flew up creek 25 yds & alighted & foraged on leafy hummus under dense overhead cover of trees. Hopped several steps stopped drew up erect then ahead again, etc. Flew into tree where I seen for about a minute.
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Marshall, 1941 Selasphorus rufus Campus U.C., Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. April 15; 7:00 AM Saw Rufous Hummer around blooming shrubs S. Holgate Hall. Perhaps makes more buzzing than Allen. Did a few display dives, all red on back. [Saw + heard a cornbird flying over campus]
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Marshall, 1942 Dryobates villozus U.C. Campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. July 10 At 8:30 am heard loud "chink" call note (single) from cypress & Eucalyptus at north-east side Greek Theater. Traced birds to laurels in little ravine at base hill where Cyclotron is called there also downieess, latter (at least one) flew off towards gp. Theater, but loud calls kept coming from laurels. Turned out to be 2 hairies - large size, loud "chink" call, white outer tail feathers, whining call all on same pitch, loud tapping. Rather wary - moved on ahead of our 113 group - once flew across grassy hill to another grove Eucalyptus, then bush - typical undulating flight. Followed them for about 1/2 hr. they worked thru Eucalyptus to Cyclotron, then in grove fruit trees & grove pines. In a given grove, worked away from us, tree to tree then on to next grove - both always keep together. Finally flew north from top hill and alighted in willows on a s spur of N. Strawberry Creek.
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Marshall, 1942 Dryobates irroratus July 18 Muir Woods, Marin Co., Calif. Several heard in Redwoods. Also Band-tailed Pigeons Crows, Winter Wrens, Hermit Thrushes, 2 Calif. Woodpeckers. July 22 Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. 1 heard & seen at College & Durant Sts., 7:30 am.
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Marshall, 1942 Ammodramus savannarum Bald Peak (east of Grizzly Pk.) Contra Costa Co. Calif. June 21 Sunny, calm am. about 8 seen, J's widely spaced, in grassland on n-e side peak. J's sang from tops any bushes striking above level of grass - Song a dry buzz. Forage by alighting in grass, walking around without a sound or without disturbing grass. Flush at about 3 or 4 yards. Only once able to see a bird on the ground. Often start to forage by flying to a bush, they hopping down it to the ground. Flush at same spot or up to 20yds away - this last rather than merely flying straight to a patch of grass & alighting in grass. Sang often from rocks. Often 2 near the singing J's, sometimes both on adjacent rocks. July 10 North fork Strawberry Creek, Berkeley Alameda Co. Calif. One pair only on grassy hill between cyclotron & n.fork! J singing often from twistles, baccharis, or rocks up in the grass & artenaria habitat. Q often flushed near J. Perch with body & bill horiz. tail down, head lunched back - Meadowlark.
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Marshall, J. T. Catalog of specimens 1941-1942
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Marshell, 1941 Barn Owls at Car Barns - Telegraph St. Oakland Catalog Solomnte, Contra Costa Co., Calif. January 26 1186 ? some fat Melospiza melodia (as usual, the st is larger) st. testis 7mm. 18.8g. 1187 ♀ " 18.6g. 1188 ♂ t.5.5mm fat- " " 20.2g. nt. dark 1189 ♂ t.8mm fat- " " 20.2g. 1190 ♀ ova 1.3mm fat " " 19.3g. (another seen in Grindelia which had very few spots.) was very tame, probably an im. Elk Valley, Marin Co., Calif. February 9 1191 ♂ Vermivora celata sordida fat 10.1g. 1192 ♂ t4.3 Melospiza melodia not much fat at creek bank 21.8g. 1193 ♀ ova 1.3mm " " fat 18.7g. 1194 ♂ im t.2.5 " " no fat 20.0g. 1195 ♂ ? 5.0mm " shot by Bill Galey not much fet 20.7g. 1196 ♂ t 7.0mm " " " " 21.2g. 1197 ♂ t 4.0mm " " not fat 20.1g. 1198 ♂ t 3.5 " " " " 21.7g. Richmond Hills, ½ mi E San Pablo Pt., Contra Costa Co., Calif. March 9, 1941 1199 ♂ Melospiza melodia 1200 ♂ " Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. died in captivity at MVZ. 1201 ♂ Zonotrichia albicollis
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog Las Pasadas Camp, 2mi SE Angwin, Napa Co, Calif. March 22-23 1202 ♀ Carthia familiaris egg mass about 3mm. carrying nesting fuzz 6.9g. March 22 1203 ♀ Amphispija belli 13.1g. 1204 ♀ Passerilla iliaca coll. by S. Benson 35.8g. 1205 ♂ Chondestes grammacus March 23 1206 ♂ Melospiza melodia 19.5g. 1207 ♂ Ampluspija belli 13.5g. 1208 ♂ Spizella passerina 12.0g. 1209 ♀ Selasphorus rather large ovo 3.2g. 1210 ♂ Tachygneta 14.3g. 1211 ♂ testes minute Dendroica cardinoni 12.4g. 1212 Dryobates villosus 62.3g. 4mi SW Fallon, 4000ft., Churchill Co., Nevada March 28 1213 ♂ Penthestes gambelli fat 1214 ♂ " " 1215 ♂ " " very fat Carson River 14 mi W Fallon, 4000 ft., ChurchilCo, Nev. 1216 ♀ Spinus tristis very fat 1217 ♀ " " 4 mi W Fallon, 4000ft., Churchill Co, Nev. 1218 ♀ v.s.m. Passer domesticus Poecetes March 30 1219 ♂ + 2. Passer domesticus
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog Pinole (salt marsh) Contra Costa Co., Calif. April 6 1220 ♂ Melospiza melodia testes 8mm. 17.7 g. 1221 ♂ " " " 9mm. 18.9g. Martinez (salt marsh) Contra Costa Co., Calif. 1222 ♂ " " " testes 7.5 mm 19.7g. 1223 ♂ " " " 9.mm 19.6g. √ 1224 ♂ " " " 8.mm 19.7g. √ 1225 ♀ " " largest ovum 2.3 mm 22.3g. √ 1226 ♀ broad patch " " " 2 - " 19.7g. U.C. Campus, Berkeley, Calif. (Alameda Co.) April 6? 1227 ♀ Passerilla iliaca from Harvey John 33.3g. pick up Hills n Lake Temescal; Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. April 11 1228 ♂ Sitta canadensis 1229 ♂ Vermivora celata lutescens Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. acc 6509 April 13 1230 ♂ Calypte anna from Miss Hope gladdling after 3 days 3.9g. 2 April 15 ( U.C. Campus ) 1231 ♂ t.i. Spinus pinus green ( buds) in stomach 12.0g. 464 B food Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. acc 6513 April 17 1232 ♂♂ Vermivora celata Bay Farm Island, (salt marsh) Alameda Co., Calif. April 19 1233 ♂ Melospiza melodia
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Marshall, 1941 File on the Main Nov. 25, 1941 Catalog Orange Co., Calif. (acc. 6519) April 13 collected by P.D. Hurd acc 6519 1234 ♂ Melospiza melodia (Newport Bay) 1235 ♂ " " (Santa Ana) 20.4g. 1236 ♀ " " (Newport Bay) 19.0g. 1237 ♀ " " (Santa Ana) 17.7g. acc. 6520 brought in by Mrs Kelley 1238 ♂ Garia a. pacifica 1254g. U.C. Campus, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. May 4 1239 ♀ Myiarchus cinerascens on the 6th Hills W Richmond, Contra Costa Co., Calif. 28.4g. May 6 1240 ♂ Selasphorus alleni 2.8g. 1241 ♀ broadpatch laying Zonotrichia leucophrys base culmen, lower mandible orange 32.6g. 1242 ♀ Dendroica nigrescens Hill & Richmond Canyonville Douglass Co., Ore. yacht Harbor 8.8g. May 15 1243 ♂ Sateria chat virgula pickery in road 23.0g 7.5 mi S Cannon Beach, Clatsop Co., Ore., 50'ft. May 17 √1244 ♂ Larus occidentalis 1356g. √1245 ♂ t.l. Lorenz 79.4g. √1246 ♂ t.l. " 75.5g. √1247 ♂ t.l. Turdus 85.3g. May 18 √1248 ♂ t.l. Turdus 89.6g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog 50 ft.; 7.5 mi. S Cannon Beach, Clatsop Co., Ore. May 18 1249 ♂ Melospiza melodia 22.4g. 1250 ♂ " " 24.4g. 1251 ♂ " " 23.3g. 1252 ♀ " " brood patch 22.3g. 1253 ♂ 79.5mm Cyanocitta 134.5g. 1254 ♂ ad Psaltriparus iris brown 5.5g. 1255 ♂ Wilsonia 6.9g. 1256 ♂ gift " 7.6g. 1257 ♀ Perment deposit to US Natl Mus.- (to A Metmore 12/3/41) spinus tristis 12.1g. 1258 ♀ Dryobates pubescens 31.4g. 1259 ♀ " villosus 65.1g. 1260 ♀ " " 67.4g. May 19 1261 ♂ 7.1. Empidonax difficilis 10.9g. 1262 ♂ t=4mm Loxia curvirostra 26.6g. 1263 ♀ Dryobates pubescens 30.2g. 1264 ♀ Cyanocitta belly bare ovary rather sm 117.9g. 1265 ♂ one t=11mm " 136.0g. May 20 1266 ♀ Sorens 89.6g. 1267 ♀ " 103.0g. 1268 ♂ " 26.5g. 1269 ♂ Hylocichla ustulata 32.2g. 1270 ♂ Carpodacus purpureus (singing) 23.2g. 1271 ♀ brood patch Characea fasciata 16.3g. 1272 ♂ Psaltriparus iris cream 5.5g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog 50 ft., 7.5 mi. S Cannon Beach, Clatsop Co., Ore. May 20 v 1273 ♂ t.t. Wilsonia 7.4g. v 1274 ♂ Melospiza melodia 27.0g. v 1275 ♂ t=3 mm, black brood patch Charmaca faniata 15.6g. v 1276 ♂ Spinus tristis 14.2g. v 1277 ♂ Dendroica anduboni nesting 12.2g. May 21 v 1278 ♂ Vermivora celata 8.7g. fably lost? 1279 ♂ Wilsonia l. 7.6g. v 1280 ♂ t=10mm Cyanocitta 132.4g. v 1281 ♂ t=9 mm " 131.7g. v 1282 ♂ ♂ t=7 mm " 125.5g. May 20 1288 alc Thamnophis 1284 alc Triturus 4 mi S Seaside, 200 ft., Clatsop Co., Oregon May 22 1941 v 1285 ♂ Thyromane (50 ft.) 11.5g. v 1286 ♂ Certhia 8.0g. v 1287 ♂ " 8.3g. v 1288 ♂ " 8.1g. v 1289 ♂ Junco 18.3g. v 1290 ♀ brood patch " 18.8g. v 1291 ♂ Turdus 91.8g. v 1292 ♂ Cyanocitta 132.1g. v 1293 ♂ Dryobates villozus 72.7g. v 1294 ♂ " " 72.2g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog Necanicum R., 5 mi. SSE Seaside, 75 ft., Clatsop Co., Ore. May 23 ✓ 1295 ♂ Vireo huttoni 11.3 g. ✓ 1296 ♀ " " 12.0 g. ✓ 1297 ♂ " " 17.0 g. Juneo Seaside, Clatsop Co., Oregon ✓ 1298 ♂ Dendroica aestiva 10.0 g. ✓ 1299 ♀ Euphagus 57.0 g. ✓ 1300 ♂ Agelaius 71.2 g. ✓ 1301 ♀ " 43.0 g. ✓ 1302 ♀ " 44.7 Necanicum R., 5 mi. SSE Seaside, 75 ft., Clatsop Co., Oregon. ✓ 1303 ♂ Otus asio 156.9 g. beetles in all bones intact - humeri & stomach tarsi in skin, + body skel. stom. saved May 24 ✓ 1304 ♀ Dendroica nigrescens 8.7 g. ✓ 1305 ♀ Certhia broad patch 9.7 g. ✓ 1306 ♀ Xorens broad patch 77.7 g. 3 mi. N Seaside, 50 ft., Clatsop Co., Oregon ✓ 1307 ♀ Colaptes collected by Russell Necanicum R., 5 mi. SSE Seaside, Clatsop Co., Ore. ✓ 1308 ♂ Dendroica auduboni 13.1 g. May 23 1309 Triturus \ 1310 " \ 1311 " \ 1312 " \ alcohol May 24 ✓ 1313 ♀ Otus asio + body skel 197.0 g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog 3 mi. N. Seaside, 50 ft., Clatsop Co., Oregon May 25 v 1314 ♂ Dendroica aestiva testes 4.5 mm 9.0g. v 1315 ♂ " andulboni 12.0g. v 1316 ♂ " " 11.5g. v 1317 ♂ Thryomanes 12.2g. 7 mi. SE Rainier, 100 ft., Columbia Co., Oregon 1318 Mystis pickup May 26 1319 ♀ Sorex trowbridgi under log 115-53-13-9.5 6.3g. 1320 ♀ " bendirei 188-85-23-11.5 25.1g. 1321 ♂ Microtus oregoni under log 137-34-17-11 25.8g. 1322 ♀ " longigandus seed 160-44-23-15 not at edge water 37.3g. 1323 ♀ Peromyscus 180-91-20-17 21.0g. 1324 ♂ " - 20-15 16.2g. 1325 ♂ " 197-106-21-17 18.0g. 1326 ♂ " 195-102-21-18 23.7g. +1327 Sorex bendirei (prepared by W.C. Russell) v 1328 ♂ Empidonax trailli 13.4g. v 1329 ♀ Vireo huttoni 11.8g. v 1330 jws Rallus 26.1g. May 27 1331 Peromyscus (prepared by W.C. Russell) 1332 ♂ Neurotrichus 113-40-14-- 8.9g. 1333 ♂ Cleithrionomys Rhenaconmgs 165-61-20-12 24.1g. 1334 ♂ Cleithrionomys 153-55-19-11 20.9g. 1335 Sorex trowbridgi (prepared by W.C. Russell) 1336 ♂ Zapus 233-138-32-13 23.2g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog 7 mi. SE Rainier, 100 ft., Columbia Co., Oregon May 27 1337 ♂? Sorex vagrans 106·40·13·5 4.3g. 1338 ♂ Sorex bendirei 175·77·20·8 24.5g. 1339 ♀ " " 173·78·21·5 16.1g. √ 1340 ♂ Pipilo maculatus 43.3 g. √ 1341 ♂ t.5mm Sphyrapicus ruber May 28 1342 ♂? Sorex obscurus 117·45·15·7 9.2g. 1343 ♂ Microtus oregoni 127·31·16·10 18.4g.. 1344 ♂ Sorex bendirei 168·72·21·9 24.8g. 1345 ♂ Peromyscus 189·89·21·17 22.2g. 1346 ♀ Zapus 226·131·31·14 22.5g. 1347 ♂ Peromyscus 196·105·22·17 21.3g. √ 1348 ♂ Spizella passerina 13.0g. May 29 1349 Hylocichla ustulata 24.5g.. √ 1349 ♂ Otus asio testes 7mm. 171.5g. 1350 ♂ Sorex vagrans obscurus 130·55·14·8 8.3g. May 29 in H₂O Please note skull only 1351 ♂ Sorex bendirei 162·71·21·8 21.7g.. 1352A ♂? " obscurus — .54·14·7 — Howdy Benny 1352B ♂ " bendirei 177·77·20·8 23.0g. 1353 ♀ Zapus 237·139·31·13 28.0g. 1354 ♂ " body = .95 215·120·32·15 23.4g. 1355 ♀ " 245·149·32·15 23.2g √ 1356 ♂ Geothlypis 10.0g. als 1357 Triturus alcoholic
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jus thyroneus 11.17.
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Marshall 1941 Catalog 7mi. SE Rainier, 100ft., Columbia Co, Oregon May 29 ale. 1358 Hyla ale. 4.0g. 1359 ♂ Otus asio testes 10mm. 159.0g. 1360 ♀ brood patch.. " 187.0g. 1361 ♀ " feathers growing back into broodpatch 180g. May 30 1362 ♂ Microtus oregoni 133.40.22.11 17.3g. 1363 ♀ Sorex trowbridgi 118.53.13.8 6.1g. 1364 ♂ " obscurus 132.56.14.7 9.8g. 1365 ♂ " " (?) 122.60.13.7 4.4g. 1366 ♂ " " (?) 123.53.13.7 4.9g. 1367 ♂ Peromyscus 195.95.22.18 25.9g. 1368 ♂ " 185.88.21.17 20.8g. 1369 ♀ " 201.101.21.17 20.2g. 1370 ♂ Thyonomys 11.1g. 1371 ♀ " brood patch 10.2g. skel 1372 ♂ Empidonax hammondi skeleton 10.3g. 1373 ♂ Dendroica nigrescens 8.5g. sk d 1374 ♂ " occidentalis skeleton 10.2g. -1375 ♂ Hylocichla ustulata -31.0g. May 31 1376 ♂ Perthestes atricapillus 10.0g. 1377 ♂ " " 10.8g. 1378 ♀ " " 9.2g. 1379 ♀ " " 11.0g. 1380 ♂ Sorex trowbridgei 122.57.13.8 5.7g. 1381 ♂ " obscurus 129.52.14.7 8.6g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog 7 mi SE Rainier, 100 ft., Columbia Co, Oregon May 31 1382 ♀? Sorex obscurus (?) 125.59.13.8 4.6g. +1383 ♂ Aplodontia 1384 ♂ Sciurus May 30 1383 ♂ Aplodontia 309.18.50.22 832g. 1384 ♂ Sciurus May 31 337.135.48.22 255.9g. May 30 1385 ♂ Sciurus 330.135.50.25 260.8g. June 1 1386 ♂ Aplodontia 309.18.50.22 832g. 1387 ♂ Microtus longicaudus open and near stream 214.76.25.14 53.4g. 1388 ♂ " " longicaudus grass 202.74.26.13 44.0g 1389 ♂ " oregoni 134.34.17.10 17.8g 1390 ♀ " grass " 130.134.16.10 2016g 1391 ♂♂ Sorex vagrans 103.39.12.6 4.6g 1392 ♀? " " 107.45.13.7 4.8g. 1393 Rana June 2 1394 ♀ Sorex obscurus 115.44.14.8 7.0g. 1395 ♂ " " 135.54.15.8 10.7g. 1396 ♀ " [vagrand(?)] 1397 ♀ " " 115-51-14-7 6.5g. 1398 ♂ Certhia . 9.1g. June 3 1399 ♀ Sorex obscurus 126.54.14-7 9.4 g. 1400 " vagrand(?) 115-52-13-7 4.3g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog 7mi SE Rainier, 100 ft., Columbia Co., Oregon June 2 v 1401 ? Dendroica nigrescens 9.8 g. Detroit, Marion Co., Oregon June 3 v 1402 ? (br p.) Euphagus brood patch 56.0 g. North Santiam River, 3400 ft., Linn Co., Oregon June 4 v 1403 ♀ ovum 4mm Perisoides tridactylus beginning brood patch 59.5 g. 1404 ♀ Callopermophilus 259-90-37-19 164.2 g. 1405 ♂ Sciurus douglassi 330-130-50-24 248 g. v June 5 63.1 g. v 1406 ♂ t.=2.5mm Perisoreus 63.1 g. v 1407 ♀ brood patch, ovary 7 mm. Melospiza melodia 24.0 g. v 1408 ♂ t. 5 mm Dendroica aestiva 9.1 g. v 1409 ♂ t. 8.5 mm. Hylocichla guttata 21.0 g. v 1410 ♂ t. 6 mm. Certhia 8.8 g. v 1411 ♂ t. 9 mm. Empidonax trailli 11.9 g. v 1412 ♀ ovary 6mm Melospiza lincolnii 18,3 g. 1413 ♀ " " " " 17.3 g. v 1414 ♂ testis 10 mm. Cyanocitta 124 g. 1415 Thamnophus 1416 " 1417 Bufo 1418 Rana 1419 " v 1420 ♂ Dryobates villosus testis 5 mm. 78.5 g. v 1421 ♀ " " ovary 7 mm. 66.1 g. slab. v 1422 ♂ Dendroica occidentalis (Hermit) testis 9.7 g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog North Santiam River 3400ft; Linn Co., Oregon June 6 1423 Triturus 1424 " 1425 " 1426 " 1427 " 1428 " 1429 Rana 1430 ♂ Hylorichla junco guttata testi 11mm. 24.0g. 1431 ♀ ovary 6mm brood patch 18.0g. 1432 ♀ Perisoreus grisens ovary 5mm 63.0g. skel 1433 ♂ " " testes 1.5mm skeleton 63.5g; June 7 1434 ♂ Wilsonia 7.4g. 1435 ♂ Loxia testes 4mm fat 30.5g. 1436 ♂ Vireo gilvus testes 5mm. 11.5g- 1437 ♀ " " no brood patch ovary 6mm. 11.2g 1438 ♂ Melospiza melodia testi 6mm. 22.8g. 1439 ♀ " " got ovum 5 mm. 24.4g. 1440 ♂ Turdus Testes 15 mm. 76.0g; June 8 1441 ♂ Melospiza melodia testes 11mm. 23.0g. 1442 ♂ " lincolni " 9 " 18.0g. 1443 ♀ Dendroica aestiva fat ovary 4 mm. 9.5g. 1444 ♀ " " laying 11.2g. 1445 ♂ jun. Dryobates villosus testi 1mm 61.0g 1446 ♂ Junco " 7mm. 18,3g=
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog North Santiam River, 3400ft., Linn Co., Oregon June 8 1447 ♀ feeding Dryobates villosus no brood patch ovary 7mm. 64.8g. 1448 ♂ Hylorichla guttata testes 10mm. 24.7g. 1449 ♂ " " ustulata " " " 29.5g. June 9 1450 ♂ Dendroica aestiva testes 6.5mm. 9.6g. 1451 ♂ " " " " large 10.2g. 1452 ♀ " " no brood patch, ovary sm.," 9.6g. 1453 ♂ Wilsonia testes large 7.4g. 1454 ♂ Certhia testes 7mm. 8.5g. 1455 ♂ Melospiza melodia " 11mm. 24.5g. 1456 ♂ " " testes 8mm. 22.1g. 1457 Rana 1458 ♂ Strix occidentalis Testes 7mm., 520g. June 10 1459 ♂ Certhia testes 6mm. 8.3g. 1460 ♀ " brood patch; ovary small 9½g. 1461 ♂ juv.♂ Perisoreus testes 1 mm. 64.5g. 1462 ♂ brought in, deposited to US Nat. Mus. (sent to G. Mettmore 12/3/41) " 2 " 'yellow' 64.1g. 1463 ♂ " " " 'black' 62.0g. 1464 ♀ " ovary 6mm. brood patch old 57.0g. 1465 skel. ♀ " grisens ovary small 59.0g. 1466 skel. ♀ " " " 58.0g. 1467 skel. ♀ " " " 54.5g. 1468 ♂ " testes 2mm. June 11 1469 ♂ Certhia mate of 1470 testes 7mm. $\frac{1}{2}$ 8.4g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog North Santiam River, 3400 ft., Linn Co., Oregon June 11 1470 ♀ Certhia mate of 1469 brood patch ovary 7 mm. 9.0 g. 1471 ♂ Hylocichla guttata testes 10mm. 22.0g. 1472 ♂ " " " " " " 1473 ♂ " " " " " " 1474 ♂ ♀ Cyanocitta " 10 " 132.0 g. [illegible] deposit to US Natl Mus. - (to G. Wetmore 18/3/41) 1475 ♀ Persoreus old brood patch, ovary 9mm. 56.0g. 1476 ♂ Corvus corax testes 5 mm. 1000 g. stomach full of frog bones & beetles. June 10 1477 ♂ Strix testes 8 mm. 565g. 4 mi. N & 9 mi. W Sisters, 4000 ft., Deschutes Co., Ore. June 12 1478 ♂ Wilsonia testes 8mm. 7.5g. 1479 ♂ Hylocichla ustulata " 11mm. 30.0g. 1480 ♂ Cyanocitta " 10 mm. 122.2 g. 1481 ♂ Hesperiphona very fat " 12 mm. 58.0g. 1482 ♂ Sphyrapicus varius " 5 mm. 56.0g. 1483 ♂ " " " 7 mm. 55.0g. 1484 ♀ " " ovary small 52.5g. 1485 ♀ Melospiza lincolnii brood patch " 10 mm. 19.5g. 1486 ♂ Otus flammeolus testes 7mm. 55.8g. June 13 1487 ♂ Dendroica anduboni testes 9mm. 12.4g. 1488 ♀ Certhia brood patch ovary 5mm. 8.6g. June 14 1489 ♂ Certhia testes 6 mm. 8.1 g. 1490 ♂ Dendroica occidentalis -testis 8mm 9.8 g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog 4mi.N+9mi.W Sisters, 4000ft., Deschutes Co., Ore. June 14 v 1491 ♀ Cyanocitta brood patch ovary 11mm. 126g. v 1492 ♂ Perisoreus griseus testes 2 mm. 62.5g. v 1493 ♂ " " " " " " 62.5g. v 1494 ♀ " " " no brood patch ovary 4mm. 57g. v 1495 ♀ Dryobates villosus ovary small 67.5g. v 1496 ♂ Otus flammeolus testes 7mm. 60.0g. tail 70 rt wing 143 culmen about 14 tarsus 26 l. wing 142 7mi.NW Sisters, 3300ft., Deschutes Co., Oregon June 15 v 1497 ♂ Passerella testes 11mm. 29.0g. v 1498 ♂ Melospiza melodia " 9mm. 21.5g. v 1499 ♀ " " laying 26.0g. v 1500 ♂ Sitta carolinensis testes 5mm. 16.7g. v 1501 ♂ " " " " 4mm. 16.5g. v 1502 ♀ " " ovary 6 " 15.0g. v 1503 ♂ Centhia testes 5.5mm. 7.8g. v 1504 ♀ spin " laying 7.7g. v 1505 ♂ Hyloichla ustulata testes 12mm. 30.1g. v 1506 ♂ Sphyrapicus varius testes 6 mm. 50.2g. v 1507 ♂ Cyanocitta testes 6.5mm. 126.5g. v 1508 ♂ Otus asio stom.: 1 orthoptera 8mm. 153g. v 1509 ♀ " " orthoptera ovary 13mm. 199g. v 1510 ♂ " flammeolus testes 7mm stom saved 57.2g. Breitenbush Lake, 5500ft., Marion Co., Oregon June 17 v 1511 ♂ Dendroica andersoni 13.0g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog Breitenbush Lake, 5500 ft., Marion Co., Oregon June 17 \checkmark 1512 \delta Dendroica anduboni testes 8.5mm. 12.4g. \checkmark 1513 \delta Sorex testes 13 mm. 55.3g \checkmark 1514 \delta " " " " 77.6g. \checkmark 1515 \delta " " 11 " 77.7g. \checkmark 1516 \delta " " 14 mm. 84.1g. \checkmark 1517 \delta Dendroica anduboni testes .6mm 12.6g. \checkmark 1518 \delta " " " .5mm 12.4g. \checkmark 1519 \delta " " ".4mm 12.3g. \checkmark 1520 \phi " " ovary small 11.2g. June 18 \checkmark 1521 \phi Dryobates villosus olldbrood patch, ovary 7mm. 68.5 g. 1522 \delta Marmota 455-133-73-21 961g. \checkmark 1523 \phi O'leabig Lake, 5000ft, Jefferson Co., Oregon Dryobates villosus (all WCR) testes 4 mm. 71.7g. Anacortes, Fidalgo Co., Washington June 20 skel 1524 \delta Neotrichus 1/4-35-16-- "pickup" 1525 \delta Psaltrigarus testes 3.5mm. iris white 1526 \phi Melopiza melodia ovary 7mm. brood patch. 1527 \phi Dendroica aestiva " 5mm. no " 1528 \delta Turdus testes 13 mm. Friday Harbor, San Juan Co., Washington June 21 1529 \delta Otus asio testes 5mm. June 22 1530 \phi Pipilo maculatus ovary 14mm. June 23 1531 \delta Chordicles testes 8 mm.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog Friday Harbor, San Juan Co., Washington June 23 1532 ♂ Chordeiles testes 8 mm. 1533 ♀ Otus asio ovary 12/14 mm. 1534 ♀ Asio otus ovary 12 mm. June 24 1535 Thamnophis 1536 " June 26 1537 ♂ Chordeiles testes large 1538 ♂ Carpodacus 22.0 g. 1539 ♂ " " 21.2 g. June 29 1540 ♂ Wilsonia testes 7 mm 7.5 g. 1541 ♀ " laying, brood patch 10.5 g. 1542 ♂ Dendroica aestiva testes 3 mm 9.6 g. 1543 ♂ " " " " 9.7 g. 1544 ♀ " " ovary 3.5 mm. 9.0 g. 1545 ♂ Melospiza melodia testes 9 mm. 24.0 g. 1546 ♂ " " " 10 mm. 23.7 g. 1547 ♀ Vermivora celata ovary 3 mm. 9.1 g. 1548 ♀ " " " " 8.4 g. 1549 ♂ Otus asio testes 3.5 mm. 150 g. 1550 ♀ Corvus 354 g. July 7, 1941 1551 Thamnophis July 8 1552 Thamnophis
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog False Bay, San Juan Is., Washington. July 8 1553 ♀ ad. Petrochelidon 21.0g. 1554 ♂ in Dendroica aestiva 9.1g. 1555 juv Passerulus 16.3g. San Juan Is., Washington (W False Bay) July 11 1556 ♂ Passerulus testes 8mm. 18.2g. Friday Harbor, San Fran., Wash. 1557 ♂ Chordeiles testes 7mm. 64.8g. 1558 ♀ ? Otus asio (beetles) 152g. Shaw Is., San Juan Co., Wash. July 20 1559 ♂ ad Cervus 383 350 g. San Juan Island, Washington July 27 at Cattle Pt. 114 g. 1560 ♂ juv. Otus picked up by C. Lavers 114g. July 31 1561 ♂ Otus testes 3mm 138 g. August 1 1562 ♀ juv. Chordeiles pickup by L. Fifer 58 g. August 2 1563 ♂ Otus testes 6mm. 138g. August 3 (Cattle Point) 1564 ♀ in Wilsonia 7.3g. 1565 ♂ Colaptes 158g. X566 ♀ Chordeiles 62g. Brown's Is. August 11 1567 [♂ by plumage - juv-imm.] Dryobates pubescens 26g.
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Marshall, 1941 Catalog Cattle Pt., San Juan Co., Wash. Wednesday August 13 1568 ♂ Sandpipers 25.6g. 1569 ♂ " 20.5g. 1570 ♂ im Dendroica andulboni 13.5g. 1571 ♂ jwr Certhia 8.5g. 1572 ♂ Loria tester 5mm 28.7g. 1573 Dryobates 74.6g. 1574 ♀ im Falco sparverius 119g. 1575 Colaptes 143.5g. 1576 ♂ Otus shel. + skin 137 g. 1577 ♂ " 148 g. 1578 ♀ skin + tail 178 culmen 22 skeleton 92 bill from nostril 14.5 tarsus 34 depth 12 toe + claw 32 165 g. Friday Harbor, San Juan Co., Wash (Browns Id.) August 19 1579 ♂ im Thryomanes 1580 Dryobates pubescens August 20 1581 ♂ im. Certhia Berkeley - 1582 Song Sparrow 1583 "put up for MYZ" 1584 Melospiza melodia 1585 " Captive from Friday Harbor 1586 Otus asio
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Marshall, 1942 Catalog Redwood Park, Oakland, Alameda Co., Calif. June 14 2571 ♂ jw. Certhia Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. July 22 2572 ♂ Peromyscus 2573 ♂ Sorex skeleton 2574 ♀ Pipilo maculatus Lake Almanor, Plumas Co., Calif. July 25 2575 ♂ jw. Sphyrapicus varius skeleton 2576 ♀ ad Oberholseria skeleton 2577 ♂ jw. Certhia 2578 ♂ ad. Hylocichla guttata Bald Peak, Contra Costa Co., Calif. August 5 2579 ♂ im Ammodramus seeds, sm: insects Savannarium 17.5 g. 2580 ♀ im " " seeds, 1 grasshopper 17.6 g. 2581 ♂ ad. ". large seeds and .. some insect parts 19.8 g. Whitaker's Forest, 5500 ft., W Slope Redwood Mt., Tulare Co., Calif. August 26 2582 ♀ (?) Dendroica insignens 2583 ♀ im " " 2584 ♀ ad " anduboni 2585 Calypte anna Pinehurst, Fresno Co., Calif. August 27, 2586 ♂ Phalaenoptilus testes 4 mm.
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Marshall, 1942 Catalog Whitaker's Forest, 5500 ft., w slope Redwood Mt, Tulare Co, Calif. August 28 2587 ♂ im Certhia testes 1 mm. Big Meadow, 7600 ft, Sequoia Nat. Forest, Tulare Co, Calif. August 29 2588 ♀ im Calaveras Wamblen 2589 ♀ im Vermivora celata Buck Rock, 8200 ft, Sequoia Nat. Forest, Tulare Co, Calif. 2590 Oberholseria chlorura ♂ im Big Meadow, 8000 ft, Sequoia Nat. Forest, Tulare Co, Calif. 2591 ♂ im Empidonax hammondii 2592 ♀ Bubio virginianus 'Jerusalem Cricket' ovary small Whitaker's Forest, 5500 ft., w slope Redwood Mt, Tulare Co, Calif. August 30 2593 ♂ Sphyrapicus varius 2594 ♂ ad Vireo solitarius bill greenish-yellow skeleton + pellet from stomach 2595 ♂ ad Strix occidentalis Fleischacker Zoo, San Francisco, Calif. died September 7 in captivity alcoholic body cavity find, at Bonin's left Sonsai was adult then 2596 Secretary Bird received at Fleischaker from Cairo Zoo in 1932 LaGrange, Stanislaus Co., Calif. Sept 15 2597 ♂ ad Empidonax traillii 2598 ♀ im 2599 ♀ im Baodophus 'incarnatus 2600 in Telmatodytes palustris 2601 ♂ im Gotherpes mexicanus 2602 in Dendroica aestiva moronic
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Marshall, 1942 Catalog La Grange, Stanislaus Co., Calif. Sept 15 2603 ♂ ad Pipilo fuscus 2604 ♂ ad " 2605 im Melospiza lincolni gracilis Berkeley, Alameda Co., Calif. Sept 19 2606 ♀im Melospiza m. santaecrueis 2607 ♀ Sept. 25 → im Aimophila ruficeps ruficeps coll G Wblt Balquest fresh H.O Marsh, mouth Walnut Cr, Contra Costa Co., Calif. October 18 2608 ♂ ad Melospiza melodia (santaecrueis) 2609 ♀ ad " 2610 ♀ ad " 2611 ♀ ad " 2612 ♀ ad " 2613 ♀ im " 2614 ♀ im " 2615 ♀ im " 2616 ♀ im " 2617 ♀ im " salt marsh, Pinole, Contra Costa Co., Calif 2618 ♂ ad Melospiza melodia (annelis) 2619 ♂ ad " 2620 ♂ ad " 2621 ♂ im " 2622 ♂ im "
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Marshall, 1942 Catalog salt marsh, Pinole, Contra Costa Co., Calif. October 18 2623 ♂ im Melospiza melodia Sebastopol, Sonoma Co., Calif. 2624 ♂ ad Melospiza melodia gouldii 2625 [♂?] im " " " 2626 ♀ im " " " 2627 ♀ im " " " Berkeley Aquatic Park, Berkeley, California October 23 2628 ♀ im Melospiza melodia pusillula washed with soap & garden hose Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, Calif. November 7 2629 ♂ im Oporornis tolmiei coll. w/ aid of Frank A. Pitelka . not much fat
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