Field Notebook: Newfoundland 1918b

William Lemoine, Miller and Engineer James O'Roake, Mate and Cook. Profess Blackall Superin of Church of England John's St Johns, Haf. The former owner of the launch. Fare from Curling to Boston $39.45 @ 3 17 8.65 Paid from Boston to Potan Bosque 32.77 Armstrong Transf Co, To Smith Station 37.450 I 3.25 6

Of Newfoundland and Admiralty Maps for 284 Cap Head north to Labrador. 2918 Port Saunders 1177 Port au Choix 2917 St. John's Island Charles Shuckert Yale University 65 Wall st. New Haven, Conn. U.S.A. June 1918 Book II. 3450 doc 0114

109 August 3-1918. Con Heall Saturday. There was a fine aurora-borealis last midnight. Towards morning the wind began to blow from the south-west and this morning the thermometer is falling down. Drilling thinks we may not be able to go now. Therefore Duntan and Edwards go over again to Stearny Island to collect more fossils in the 4x6 foot Chazy Creek that is full of cephalopods with some trilobites. Returned empty handed, because traces are too high and could not land, In the afternoon we attempted to collect more Reedman from fossil beds but the rain soon drove us in. With the rain now on the ground our batteries let down and we can go north to ocean. It rained most of the night and the wind changed to the south- east.

August 4th 1918: Sunday, Cow Head - Lower Head A fine Sunday morning from head but the sand is m-shoes and one cannot go to Passam Pond. At 8.30 one take the launch south to Lower Head which is at the northeastern point of Hall's Cove and one finds landed safely through the breakers. The cliffs here are about 20 to 50 ft high. The cliffs here are a white fine crystalline limestone. A great many Chazy fossils here are (m.e.-3rd, directed) Li with dinosaurs on the outer at about 600 ft (from here into the sea) and in actual liddings it is difficult to determine when it be very practical. These just above sea is only the other 400 ft. It is founded by Hardy Chazy conglomerate some of which in this side. Halls are full of Ordovician Productus. Trilobites are common in the foot mass and we see Otho, Reneta, and Promontories or both. The horizon appears to be rather Taffle Head than true Chazy, although Brontos is very common. To the south of the li. coal at low tide maybe seen hundreds of feet Passam pond time. The cliff here 4-5.60 E. Come for northward around Lower Head one see many other large Chazy masses one to 50 ft across and another may have one more than 300 ft across. The liddings in this Hroll is really practical. fully Ordovician Productus. The masses are true large lags, some of the and are irritably out of the Chazy itself. Smaller Halls are of an intrusive formation of conglomerate. All the prices appear to be of Chazy age. No depositional reading of the li. coal is visible. It is a better shelter mass, and in the region of large Chazy masses, north 1/4 mile across. To the north of Lower Head the head ends in a little sandy core 350 ft across. On both the south and north sides of this one sees Phyll spars Phrag On the south side are bristling Phyll spar stones (Hornstone) and Whales, Li, and Hall sheets in thin beds as at Cow Head. It may be that the sea has eaten out here are those non-resisting beds in which case then is a thickness of 350 feet of bedded limestone in one mass, the length and depth of or Hroll their dip is 60°S. 60 E. which is unknown. On the south side are stuffed off one Hroll with a length of 100 ft fronted at once by another in line with it having a length of 249 feet. To the north there is another mass of Hardy Chazy li. coal, a few hundred feet

111 August 4-1918. Cow Head-Loron Head. Ride and then another sandy ore 200 feet across at the north sides of which are greenish shales, are black chert in thin beds fully of bellment marve. They stand less outcrid than those of the core to the south. Dip 35 S, 60 E. Then another head land a strip of three chazy li. ceyl, several hundred feet across into another poorly defined core where more Phyllo gets thin bedded shale material with black flint occurs. Here thin beds are usually much crushed into a conglomerate. The li. ceyl. then continues northward and the zone due along the strike of the beds. Here the li. ceyl. is fine grained, that is the Phyllophytes and Cambric thin bedded material. Cow Head conglomerate The berts are all you can find now in length and smaller. There are near the base of the series and here another outcragy cliff. The dips and strike. In 55 S, 65 E. Strike S. 30 W. Beds are seen from 10 to 30 feet of thin bedded ore gruel li. lutite and with dark shales. There is no the Loron sandstone. A part of this cliff is in a wide flat roof of greenish fine grained sandstone and chaly sandstone. In the roof it once looks like large hard conglomerates, in places one sees that this sandstone was laid down under stream or wave action for it has inclusion of itself up to 2 feet by and some of these pieces are transverse to the bedding or that they can be no mistake about their big inclusions. Towards the top of the exposed mass is a zone about 10 feet thick that's very porotic. They are many small sub rounded quartz and many red pebbles, pebbles up to 1/4 inch across, but with those the greater mass is made of small and large pebbles (up to 6 inch by) of greenish dark blue, red hard cherts, black chert of the bellment ore and sometimes (up to several inches) although in its general aspect it's a unit unlike the Loron Bay in the Evidently this is the Loron sandstone. Dip already lies southwesterly 60 S. 60 E. Across the strike one sees about 1/2 mile of strata and the thickness seen in them at least 1100 feet thick (not all is seen) and not 700's as apparent from clear roofs are at least one mile long.

"The Parson sandstone strikes into the land and must make the shore north into Parson Pond. Trouthful describes the dip of the sandstone as increasing from 65 to nearly vertical at the Pond entrance. When at the Pond we must go south for a mile or more to see these relations. North of Lone Head where we saw the actual contact between the Parson sandstone and the Cow Head li. cysl., the contact is an irregular one. The irregularities seem to be as great as 20 feet at least and on it followed less often small lready li. cysl. and more often the thin bedded over those the bedded tri. cysl. of smooth agates, and then the partmen. Phlegraphites thin bedded li. cysl. scales, the top of the Parson sandstone is somewhat disturbed in that the Cow Head cysl. moved upon it during the time of the deformation twisting some of the top layers. That no fault occurs at this contact and least me if no importance is seen in the fact that the Parson sandstone is not fractured and does thrust by veins of quartz. It seemed to us best to interpret the phenomena as one of con- this meaning because there is no transition from one to the other, the layers comes shut once. tact and with a time break between. How long this time interval lasted can be interpreted from other evidence. The getting erosion in grain of the Parson sandstone upward and with down to the granite, at least me give if conglomerate made up of the older beds seems to be inphetic of the deformation that lead to the cracking of the Cow Head cysl. The rising land kept out the sea for a time and then came in again after the main red cysl. gne was laid down. That the Parson sandstone can not be included in the Cow Head cycle is seen in that there is no transition from one into the other. On the other hand than a transition from the Tattle Head series into the Parson sandstone at Tattle head. It should be emphasized that the Parson sandstone in its general characters remains much of the "Celtic" sandstone of the cranegatual the Harford and Bonne Bay series. deria and of the Bonne Bay series. Therefore it links itself up directly with

August 4 - 1918, Cnw Head - Lorn Head. Immediately to the north of Lorn Head on the reefs at low tide may again be seen a good display of the Porom sandstone with a dip of 45°S Dunstan stuff. If 400 yards farther as he goes for this at 47°923 feet, Go E., there can be no doubt that it is in the Porom sandstone brought in here by faulting. We failed at the time to note the characteristics of the contacts; it is now more certain that the dip and strike of this mass is about the same as that of the area to the north of Lorn Head. Therefore Logan is in error in saying that there is an anticline here and that it strikes between Cnw Head and Stray Island. There is no anticlinal structure anywhere in the area of Lorn Head. At 4.30 P.M. we walked along the shore of Shallow Bay on the way back to camp. At Blunts Brnrn we were deflected inland to the bridge and the Environment Rail, just above rising on the ridge are found our Cnw Head conglomerate; in which the boulders are all small. On this we keep as see that the section repeats itself to the east of the fault and the Porom sandstone. The land north of Shallow Bay and Cnw Head Haven is all low during been cut out earlier by the prevailing seas of Pleistocene time. At 5.15 the launch found us near Donnes Point and took us back to camp.

Does most layers 110 - 113 Black Cap Head Li. expl. found to be explosive in main Cliff Fault. Param SS Lagoon Reef This Head is drilled more than 1100 ft. 2 1/4" 2 1/4" Overshoes Black Cap Head expl. found to be explosive in main, Lee. Cow Head Li. expl. Fine Plant Beach Shallow Bay Donne Point White Rock belts Limestone Core mostly from head less depth must of been there. Param Sandstone Private Location of Param Sandstone Cow Head Harbor Possible Line of white grey of Cow Head expl. Cow Cove Cow Head all Li. expl. Bull Point Bull Island Li. Expl. beds from head. Private location of Param sandstone Just maybe Param sandstone here

doc 114

August 5-1918. Monday. Cow Head. A strong wind blew up during the night and at breakfast it is evi- dent that we are being up again for the day. To make one more effort something Dunton and Edwards go to Lone Head to gather chaggy fruit. We are now an entire crew at Cow Head, though our plans were only for a three or at most a four day stay. In the evening Dunton and E. returned with a small bag of fruit, Among them are 2 or 3 good Mr. pondrona. It is an interesting but hard fauna to fit. Dunton reports along the Parsons sandstone to the southeast of Lone Head that it does not show an actual contact. There is a coarse interval of 20 feet. The relation of the two masses is different in strike, the sandstone ranging in terms the limestone. This therefore shows faulted relations.

165 August 6-1918. Tuesday, Cow Head - Parson Pond. A misty rain befell last night and promises to do so all the day. We promise to go north, but after considerable groaning on my part it was finally decided that as the light wind is from the east a land we can go to Parsons Pond. We broke camp in the rain and at 10.45- we are on our way to the Pond. At 12.15- we cross the bar and are now inside the Pond. The crew looked around and found the barn of a widower home a large room with a stove in it that are rented at one dollar per day. James is to do the cooking in the kitchen stove. Good, we are out of the wet turmoil and in the dry. This is at the home of Mr. William Blanchard. The latter used to be the employe of the Oil Co and he says more than 20 wells have been drilled on this shores. The best ones are down that not 1300 feet but at least one is down to 3000 feet. He says they encounter much clay, and some sandstone. In all of the wells, they sunk it but in only two can they pump out about one barrel a day: this prospecting has been going on at least for 20 years, and one English Co after another has gone into failure. The shores of Parsons Pond are low and not little of the acres are said to stick out. They are best shown along the north shore. It rained hard all the day and into the night. We stayed indoors, Mr. Henry and Englishman is in charge of the oil orders.

August 7-1918, Wednesday Parson Pond. A dark but clearing morning. With middle tide at 9.30 we start with the boat cruise along the north shore as far in as we can get. At 10 we are actually started and at 11.30 a.m., we are at the very head of Parsons Pond at the foot of the mountains and in front of a small river known as Middle Brook. There is another one to the [illegible] South known as South Brook and yet another one about half a mile to the East known as East Brook. As we go up the Pond one nowhere sees any cliffs and the shores are marshy and swampy to the very edge of the water. The shore with its smooth granite boulders are nearly everywhere swampy and lie in the marshy shore. A once unpromising place to work out the gologic sequence is hardly possible. The inner part of the Pond is deep enough at all times for one boat, but the outer two miles one boat can go from middle to deep tide. The present opening has been made artificially dug and is a precarious place to get in and out of for a boat drawing 3 feet more of water. Steam might be done at high tide in calm water. As we near the head of the Pond it becomes plain that all of the mountains flanking it and extending to the south and north are made up of bedded rock. One great precipitous cliff can be seen from the sea or the village of Parson Pond to be of strata dipping to the south- [illegible] East. The southeastern and eastern shore are all of Portlandic age and apparently are of marble. On the southeastern side about 1/2 mile to the south of Middle Brook there is a precipitous cliff and other

Aug 7. Parsons Pond. Duntan got us near to it as he could think the cliff must be seen that it was made of I Paternoic marble strata vertical. He then went up Middle Brook and everything he saw Paternocian onatles. To the north of the man dipping south- east there is a marked fault letting down a head with a similar dip and further north all the strata of the same mountain stand to end. As we looked about here it is plain that the geology of the Paternoic is very complicated. They can't the Paleogene as the shillum in [illegible] along the Pond. In front of the Paternoic mountains, the land is very low usually under 10 feet and in general does not rise to much on 20 feet until some distance from the lake. All is late Ordovician strata. I was landed at East Brook and here was a small head all made up of small pieces of a finicle green and black shale one of which was almost yellow. Evidently the lake bottom here is made of this shale. Outcrops there are more. I then continued to march it along the north shore but saw no out cliffy ledges until about half way to the red wells. Here I [illegible] dipping about 300 from N. W. S, saw a small ledge but only three pieces of a fine grained laminated sandstone tending to be limy. About 1/4 mile east of the red wells that near drilling park near the land makes a point and here there are good exposures of the strata. The average dip here is 40 to 45 deg S. 70-75 E. but there are local turns in the strata. Evidently there is some masking. The strata dip towards the mountains, the

Aug 7. Parsons Pond young beds are therefore turning the east, here we first meets with the red argillaceous laminated greenish sandstones and sandy shale's and stone. They have many stau- rolagites, polidogonema, lincaulus, etc in several zones through a thicker of about 75 feet. Loom appears a limestone conglomerate in which the shells are small and sub-rounded, and beneath it are thin bedded blue limestones with their interwadded shells. Then follows more Li. congl, probably 20 feet thick but in several zones. At the rid denials there are brick red shales (congl.) of which is plenty in garden beds, into these the ocrels have started and I am told by Mr. Bland and that they penetrate about 30 feet of red shale. Still further down are more Li. congl. like those above, and beneath one greenish shales and sandstones. The total distance across this point examined is about 1 furlong or a little more. doubt as though it was half mile across but to me this is too much. From this evidence it is clear that all of the Palaeozoic strata seen today are of the upper part of the Cow Head conglomerate, and not at all unlike those seen at the Damaris of Paulo Isles. As we went east of the Pond this morning there formed a hill and prominent hump on the south side known as Parsons Pond Hill. There must be some hard rock in it to make this prominence and our surmise is that it has the very hardy Cow Head congl. like that of Loom Head. It seems to be in line of strike with the congl. of Loom Head. Returning to the village we then travelled south along the Gulf shore for a mile to the south side of the marsh where once the sea entered into a that maybe united with Parsons Pond. Pond. The three cliffs show about 5 feet of peat and going what looks

19 Aug. 7. Parson's Pond. with glacial bowlders. It is a special clay; it is red like with Kivalon and seemingly all of Loring basin, so far as I can recall, and concluded that the Portland Chamberlain said he saw two glacial bowlders in an old quarry to Pleistocene age. Marine clay must be post Pleistocene. The object of this young tourist was if we could find any coal in place. There is none along shore nearer than on the deep seen on Sunday. However along shore among the dominant granite bowlders we see so much of Parson's pond and me bowlders that it is a fair inference that these strata are not in the water here as near Lone Island. The line here and north to Portland Creek and all comes, showing it in the line of strike. Why any one should drill here for oil is beyond my comprehension. Then too most of the wells are in the eastern half of the Pond nearer the great fault where there must be a drop of some 500 feet. Further the strata stand at a high angle, at 45° and they are somewhat smashed. Small probability then are any other faults, much smaller ones, in the central and western part of the Pond. We are now all the more certain that the strata of New Brunswick are also Portugeuse. This must mean that Portuguese is also present back of East Arm of Bonne Bay. 2u. f. 157 fn Parson's Pond Hill.

August 8-1918, Thursday. Parsons Pond. The day started in dark but by noon it was a clear sunny day. As our boat is too large to get admr. in Parsons Pond we enjoyed a fisher man's dory boat and with one drag to land in left the village at 8 A.M. headed for the inner end of Parsons Pond. Got back at 6 P.M. having measured a section nearly three miles long. This section is described in detail below. (they stand on red shales) He started the section at the upper oil wells and briefly described yesterday. It is from here less than 1/2 miles across the strike to the Portu gneic rocks, in this distance I judge all the rocks to be of the same series as those to the northward. These to be added to the section described below. All of the strata give evidence of being deposited in very shallow water and outside of the grafitolite and my small Lingulas we sees no prints, nor even fusoids or worm borings. The sandstone and shale sandstones all show the effect of grave omr, a sort of riffing. The shales are certain of shallow water. That the thin bedded lie. are also of shallow water is sometim thrifty and seen in that they are always accompanied by intraformational conglomerates. The li. engl. of Parsons Pond have nothing in common with the Carr Head conglomerate. The latter is made up of large blocks while those of Parsons Pond are all of small pieces (usually if then lie, 1/2 inch to 1 inch thick and from 2 to 6 inch long. At rare situations one sees pieces up to 18 inches across) and subrounded. At other and rarer intervals the conglomerate is made up of small angular pieces usually all under 1/2 inch across. These gives show the dense character plainly and the thinner grases are probably also all lenses. These Congl. are never always associated with the thin bedded dure colored lie.

12/1 August 8. Parsons Pond. [illegible] I saw rare me sees a thin zone in the sandy li., and more at a few points. They are also rare present in the shales, but then there is some thinly bedded li. associated. While I saw no sun-creed anywhere today yet it occurs that all of the cryl. were sun-cracked by the storms tore them in the deep places and or accumulatory it seems less probable that they are storm-washed from the thick and thinning zones of cryl. They are therefore to be regarded as intraformational conglomerates. In the future it will be best to delimitate the Crow Head li. cryl. to thoroughly man, or more developed about Crow Head. All the strata above the Crow Head cryl. and beneath the Bonne Bay series should be called the Parsons series because it is in this pond that one gets the best sequence of this series of rocks. The oil field of Parsons Pond is controlled by the General Oil Fields Limited. Mr. Henry an Englishman is in charge of it. At the station where he lives there are about a dozen houses much better than one sees anywhere in Newfound land. Here on the shore the in devices standing in the thin bedded li., that almost stand ver- tical. Why in the world anyone would attempt to get rid in a place like this is beyond my comprehension. Three other derricks are about 1 1/2 miles to the east. There are other derricks on the south shore.

122 August 8. Parsons Pond. Section Bore with age 117 - 119. Vertical lines = Chartical miles Nandy Bay Shallow clay and fauna? Corn Head coal Lawn Head Fault Corn Head Coal Shallow line Corn Head Junction Queen 460 Parsons Pond 145 Holes, Port. Corn Head Bay 1/2 (see p. 183) 250 Corn Head section Coal face across the fault zone Fault of section Officer of the Oil Co. oil wells 270 Stamping splits gone Saw and Hand shale Portuguese 920 Parsons Pond 435 Refuse 2125 Portuguese (1) 45 Unexplored interval (12) 13 Heavy beds of intraformational coal, (13) 163 Interbedded li and shale, and gresy greensh to dark gray shale. Bands of li. coal near the base. The effect are mostly 615

121 August 8. Parsons Pond, doc. 114

122 August 8. Parsons Pond Section. Section in Parsons Pond as faced between the inner Channels and a joint about ½ mile east of the first oil well on the north shore, beginning at the top of the section at the latter point. See appended small map for beginning D. [There are to read out the ½ mile, 4 stations up to this fault and the object on page = 5-500'] (1) 68° Fine grained os. and shale os. in alternating layers and shale beds, of light bluish color or fracture but on weathering brownish. Dips 45S. 75E. Brachiolite fauna (Hrs) here. (2) 3' Li. crysl., the pellets of which are flattened. Intraformational (3) 17' Sandstone like that above. (4) 13' Dense bluish gray li. in thin bands alternating with shale. (5) 2' Li. cryst. Intraformational. (6) 35° Fine grained light bluish gray os. and gray sandy shales. Dips has decreased to 30° (7) 2' Li. cryst. Intraformational. (8) 59' Unexposed interval (9) 170' Fine grained light bluish gray os., and gray sandy shale, marked and distorted. (10) 25° Dense bluish gray in dark colored li., partly in thin beds and partly layering, with interbedded layers of li. cryst. Dips 40S. 55E. These beds are marked and distorted. (11) 45' Unexposed interval (12) 13 Shear beds of intraformational cryst. (13) 163 Interbedded li. and shale, and grains of garnish to dark gray shale. Bands of li. cryst. near the base. The upper part mostly 615

123 August 8. Parsons Pond Section (1) 260 Unexp bauld interval. (2) 42 frag sandy shale and then bedded ss. only up bauld. Dip. 45S, 60E. This is just east of the eastern ridance. (3) 180 Red shale and red jasper like chert. Dip. 50S, 70E. (4) 18 Greenish dark grey shale. (5) 30 Li. cryl, Pettle's Flat rock and ore ell. (6) 14 Greenish dark gray cherty shale (7) 18 Thin bedded dark colored li. (8) 46 Dark greenish gray and cherty shale (9) 17 Thin bedded (partly thinly) li. interbedded with dark shale Dip 45S, 70E. (10) 360 Unexp bauld interval (11) 117 Dark gray shale with frequent thin lining lenses and with layers of dark colored li. 4ft 8 inches thick. Knotoliths Lot nr 2. 1717 This exposure ends at the point about 3/6 mile west of the east ridance in the north shore. Crossing the wide one (2) of crop, is a width across strata of 500 feet in which the only exposure is about 30 feet. Greenish ss and shale exposure near the middle of the west side of the one. Dip 46S, 70E. If the section is uniform dipping 45° across there are a third men of

124 August 8, Parsons Pond Section [26] 35-50' [illegible] Beginning near the west edge of this area (2) the section continues: [26] 140 Dark gray shale with some interbedded thin bands of light gray li. The shale becomes lighter in the upper part, creating quartz and hornish. Dip 50 S. 60 E. [27] 8 Torrdears layers of li. conglomerate, separated by small [illegible] pure li. [28] 230 Shales much cracked and distorted or that no sequence can be made out. [illegible] [29] 20 Thin bedded dark colored li., interbedded with shale [30] 24 Thin bedded dark colored li., standing vertical. Strike N. W-E. [31] 3 Layers of li. conglomerate. [32] 260 Varigated red and green shale with many bands of impure li, which are restricted but not cracked. [33] 12 Hearng bed of li. conglomerate. Ripples then and flat [34] 63 Varigated beds as above. [35] 272 Olive green ss. and sandy shale. The ss. in heavy beds but break down easily into thin chips. Dip 60 S. 85 E. [36] 116 Unexploded interval [37] 142 Greenish ss. and sandy shale like that above. Dip 50-65 S, 70 E. [38] 240 Same as preceding. Dip 50-65 S, 70 E. 1530 43

125 August 8. Parsons Pond Section 1530 (39) 240 (40) 35 1805 [illegible] bed natural Heavy beds of shale given as, dip 80 S. 70 E. This section takes one into the east side of the second large ore (11.3 y. mine), to a point about 200 yards northwst of the point of the formation separating ores 2 and 3, or about 4000 feet from the oil wells near Central plant of Oil Co. The next exposure is near this one, leaving an unexpected natural of at least 3000 feet wide across the strike which at an average dip of 60 would include a thickness of (41) 2700 feet of unseen strata. The exposure begins again about 100 yards east of the oil ore near the central plant. (42) 12 Reddish and greenish shale, dip 52 S. 65 E. (43) 74 Laminated beds with thin bands of impure li., interbedded in greenish, Haedlich and red shales. (44) 48 Thin bedded dark colored li., interbedded with some less black- ished shale. At the oil ore. Ceratoceras in black shale Lot 3. (45) 24 Black carbonaceous shale (46) 21 Thin bedded li. like that above interbedded with greenish black shale, Stratoliths of Lot 3 from here. (47) 76 Then bedded dark colored li., in bands 1-2 inches thick with black shale faultings, 255

August 8, Parsons Pond Section. (48) 57 Thin bedded li. in which there are 3 heavy layers of li. conglomerate. One at the top 8 feet thick, one near middle (divided by layer of thin bedded li.) 6 feet thick, and one at the base 3 feet thick. Dip 50 due east. (49) 74 Thin bedded impure li. interbedded with greenish to blackish shale, the shale predominating. (50) 160 Unexposed interval (51) 20 Light gray dense calcined li., brecciated brown, in layers 8 to 560 12 inches thick. Dip 42 S. 80 E. This is all the map. Crossing the slender arms of this core in front of the central to the western shore of Boomer Oil Plant of the Oil Co., we are on the strikes of no. 48 and no. 49. On no. 49 are six graphite led no. 4. These beds strike parallel to the crest for a distance of half a mile, and then are continued downward in the section but just there is an unexposed interval of 3240 feet which includes beds 49-51, leaving a balance of beds not seen equal to (52) 200 Unexposed interval. (53) 27 Thin bedded dense calcined li., interbedded with dark shales (54) 135 Beginning with shale alternating with 2 inch bands of impure sandy li. and grading upward into dark sandy shale. (55) 59 Unexposed interval (56) 167 Greenish dark shale with gums of interbedded thin bands of dense calcined li. Beds marked and distorted.

127 August 8. Parsons Pond Section 588 (57) 89 Continuation of above bed with li. predominating (58) 5 Layer of li. engl. There is seen a small n-s. fault, dip setting thread about w just horizontally. (59) 83 Olive colored li. stretching from, in layers up to 8 mts thick. Some of these show rhythm banding like water-line. Then some interbedded shale. Dip 80 S. 70-E. (60) 89 Greenish gray dark shale with some thin layers of shaly li. (61) 59 Unexplored interval (62) 59 Dark greenish gray to flaccid shale with some thin bands of li. and with lenses of li. engl. 973 These beds become much marked and distinct toward the end when the exposure ends, being interrupted by a small crev. The interval here is about 1000 feet across the strike to where the section begins again. If the dip be on the average 70° this unexplored interval would include (63) 562 fully strata. The first print at the most edge of that crev is formed by (64) 50 Olive green sandstone and sandy shale. The sandstone is soft and crumbles easily. (6H) 389 Unexplored interval 530 Olive green ss, and sandy shale like that above. Dip 60 S. 85 E. 959

August 8. Parsons Pond section. 959 (67) 200 Unexposed interval (68) 20 Oligocene ss., like that above. This brings us to the lower "manms" and from here over they appear to be no more exposures in the north shore 1179 Measured strata 6283 Unexposed interval 6812 and 5300 at top 13, 095 | 18,595 feet. To this should be added the unexposed interval of about 7000 feet from the outcrop I had first to the con- tacts with the Oligocene. A dip of 45° for this distance would give a thickness of about 5500 feet. Are then carried over to the south shore and farther to the north shore are encountered thin-bedded clays called li. Dip, 35S 45E. Town levelled yard now is in 25° due E. One hundred yards east is a 25°N,70E. Across the core to the next erosion point the dip is 50S. 30E. The thickness of the li. seen here is 84 feet. There is also an oil well here. As these li. are a full mile farther over across the struts it's hard to say what their relations are to the rest of the section. The general relations known appear known to be like the ones continuing the section.

129 The Beed mountain dolomite in the Carr Head cryl. appears to be in several great blocks tipped towards the mountains. I have two photos of them. The fossils were seen so that the age of the beds is unknown. While at Table Head it occurred to me that this dolomite may also be of Chazy age. For Portland Head also see page 181. For more about Portland Head on page 135 and 181

August 9-1918 Friday, Parsons Pond - Daniels Cove It rained lightly during the night but this morning tends to clear. There is no wind to amount to much and one projects are sure that we can go north. By 11 A.M. the tide is high enough to get on the bar, and we grove at that hour without difficulty. The bluff east north of Parsons Pond is all glacial sand and the cliffs are about 35 feet high. Here are no native rocks visible until we get six miles north where "The Arches" are. Here are gr ashes and are surprised to see that the Arches (there are only three of them), one fell may this past years ago during a heavy thunder storm, and long before this must have been two others) are all composed of a light and dark eluted dolo- mitic [illegible] breccia. The rock is much fractured and give the appearance of a pure breccia. The whole appearance of brecciation may however be due to delimitization, (or other rocks are here visible though on shore we see similarly at the Parsons further out in the sea. Some pieces of a green sandstone. The dip of the dolomite is 50 S. 60 E. These dolomites strike into the land to the north and close by the inland (3/4 mile from shore) (Ten 2 miles out of they arches.) great misty facing cliff of Portland Head (530 feet high). This cliff shows the strata dipping somewhat or southeast at a low angle perhaps not as much as 20 degrees. About 2 miles north of the Arches are gr ashes and gravel, mile north where we have lunch. At my line of latitude and one finds the slipp premit (chlorite) sometimes dip 20 S. 30 E. In privately the Parsons 1921 a small brook free again these sandstone and while I could not got the exact angle I clip it did not seem to be greater than 10 deg. with almost critical clips on the arch and gravel? Why does Portland Head stand up as an isolated hill? At first I thought it was brought up by a fault of the first one put under and that the lead was made of if dolomite like that of the Arches. After I saw,

131 August 9. Portland Creek. [? Parrot] the sandstone along the line I concluded it are true of the same sandstone, but length up to a fault. If or there should be a fault to the north of Portland Head. Just what sandstone this is I cannot get tell. It maybe the one below the Cow Head conglomerate or one in the Parrot Pond series. I hope to clear up the matter during the day. Later the fore conclusion is that it is the sandstone below the Cow Head conglomerate of my two sides, across 1/2 mile and goes over 100 for ashore again just north of the mouth of Portland Creek. Here is a good man of Cow Head conglomerate the east facing face being vertical and nearly N-S. It probably is a fault face but there is no clear evidence to prove this. It does not seem to have any direct relation to the and 1/2 mile long min fault general structure here-about, nearly everywhere the limestone crop is shot things by veins of calcite. Some of these are rather large many inches and tensin cracks now in place, 2 or 3 feet wide. This man of crop is about this miles normally approximation the shore and is more than a half mile across island. The thickness come mistake for be estimated. One man of rather heavy bedded druse hunt and crystalline di Another man standing but in the sea is at least 100 feet long and going into the water. is seen to be at least 50 feet long, and 20 feet thick, standing vertical. Another man of thin bedded Talc Head limestone is 70 feet long and 10 feet thick, also standing on edge. I saw one piece of olive gun, can bedded sandstone about 2 feet long this layer taken by the Parrot sandstone. by one third, face and then one sees where are intervals well rounded and flattish nodules of a light grey sandstone that is at times conglomeratic and weathered yellowish (here a small sample). Just what origin this but probably in the Parrots before the crop unite. sandstone in from I do not know. One of these nodules is 5x4x2, and another one is 8x8x4 feet. Two miles north of Portland Creek are some di, crop. Here 1st Cliff Point

August 9. Portland Creek. 132 one block of thin-bedded finely Table Head limestone that is dipping 50°S, 60°E is at least 225 long running into the sea and about 100 feet thick. All of the li. crgyl seen this afternoon appear to be ground up in the main Table Head limestone. In general the pieces are under three inches across though others may be up to 18 inches long and an inch in thickness, in this mass of angular pieces lie scattered far apart small blocks angular up to 2 feet across of a nicely white kid-sege like li. It is astonish- ing to see the uniformity of the material, nine-tenths of which appear to be of Table Head derivation, and the rest majority of it ground up to small pieces. There certainly is some Chazy fragmental in it. Nowhere did we see the slightest indication of bedding in the ground up material, and bedding was not seen in the large blocks one of which stood nearly vertical. This bedding is that of the blocks before fragmenting. About 2½ miles north of Portland Creek we saw two cliffs developed elevated beaches. The lower one stood about 35 feet above the sea and had a width of about 20 feet. Back of it was a cliff 15 feet high so that the upper beach was about 50 feet above sea level. For 2 miles north of Daniels Headon are the cliffs all of fine-grained material. Granite boulders are large and It would seem that the fault beyond at Lown Head con- tributes to the crest of Parsons Pond Hill and Portland Hill. After supper we went out to see the li. crgyl of Daniels Harbor than those of Portland Creek and in It is a more rocky crgyl made up in the main of Chazy pieces as the may be to 6 or 8 feet across and masses of Table Head thin-bedded masses up to 30 feet long. The exposure is about

August 9. Daniels Horton 1/4 mile long and about 500 feet wide. This head of this arm that lies the tiny harbor opening to the north: there are about 2 dozen houses here off the front arm, The sanitary conditions are exceedingly bad. We are using the empty house of an absent fisherman. One dollar per day for the use of it, Billings described a number of species from "from miles north of Portland Creek" which must mean Daniels Horton. All of these species are out of the Corylomite and above the Tattle Head Limestone, We saw no good fossils pick in Tattle Head fords. In any event all of the fossils "from fow mile's north of Portland Creek" are in the Cow Head Carylomite. This place of Daniels Horton is the only unsanitary of any shore can seen. It is a crime to allow this place to prepare cod for the market, The faulting of eastern Newfoundland is of a great char- acter and with the dips to the east. There must be several such faults, thus letting down the land to form lines in a sort of direction and or giving rise to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This faulting is Port Palegic and partly in Port Cresylic. That is after the plane of the Long Range was made. These faults cut all the strata of the Pal. including the Cant.

"August 10 1918, Saturday, Table Head, A light rain during the night and this morning it is dark and misty. As then in our mind we propose to go to Table Head as soon as the tide heats one boat and can get moved out of this tiny striking "Daniel Horton". We do this at 10.30 A.M. The first 3 miles are placed drift and trueness, altitude about 35 feet. Three miles north of Daniel Horton there is a 2 1/2 miles long exposure to Bell Burns of the lower Table Head series. The strata are a sort of lightly dark grey thin reddish bi without any shale. They dip into the sea at 25° N. 75° W. and strike along the coast undulating somewhat as one for north foot then, and exposing somewhere between 100 and 200 feet of strata. Fossils are exceedingly poor and almost all are of fragmental trilobites. At 12.30 we begin to pitch camp beside a wrecked American dock-er near the foot of Table Head, among the low overhanging bushes, and upon a husky floor. It in the pleasant place one have been in. After lunch Duncan and I go south along the shore to see the strata along the fault line. There are no exposures from Table Head for about 1/2 mile, and then for one mile to Bell Burns one sees the Chazy and the basal Table Head dipping in opposite directions. At first the blocks of Table Head are seen to stand on end and beneath a cavity there comes in a Chazy dolomite. This dolomite series one then follows into Bell Burns where it goes beneath the Table Head series that this extends along the coast southward for 2 1/2 miles. Of the latter dom- hein thinks there may be exposed in this distance from 300 to 500 feet of strata. The total thickness of the T.H. is 750 feet.

135 August 9. Portland Head. Since Portland Head from elements note: "The present face of Portland St. strikes but little north of east and the dip of the strata must be nearly south. The head presents a bold steep face on the west and north sides and appears to slope gradually away on the southeast. It seems probable that the slope of the head is determined by the structure, thus being the up-tilted north west corner of a faulted block bounded by 2 faults. The objection to this hypo- thesis is that the beds of the head appear to dip about in accord with the sandstone exposed on the shore as though the section were continuous. However the line is about 300 feet from the shore and the observed dip in the hill and on the shore was about 20°. This dip for the natural overall include 1000 feet of strata plus 530 feet, the height of the head = 1530 fuly 9 and time in order to make the head part of the same sandstone.

August 11-1918 Sunday. Table Head. and bright A fine cool Sunday morning, we start north on the fort path to a place a little more than 3 miles from our camp at the south end of Table Head. Here we see low cliffs extending north for many miles and along the strike of the rocks. The strata are thick beds of a dull-grey fine crystalline dolomite full of calcite interlenses. No fossils are seen. A very little of chert (strips) cropping out replacing the calcite strips. There are also small quartz geodes. We started to make the section 3 miles north of the south end of Table Head. Here the lower beds are exposed in a little rocky cave made in the upper part of the Reed Mountain and almost continuous use of green broken more whitish than shunier here. Pyritous chert followed a few feet higher by Euchasman (matter unknown) Coral-fern type spore and many flat gastropods, coming then a very large Helictoma beds (and was between 5 to 10 miles apart). There are in zone 2 division 3 of Richardson. Up to the block just north of Table Head Deuter made out 115 feet of thickness. He must abandon all of Richardson's descriptions as they do not fit the rocks as we see them. This division I is certainly the terminal beds of the Reed Mountain. They cannot be referred to the Chazy. The terminal beds of the Reed Mountain are well seen in the cave between the block ½ mile north of Table Head and the north end of Table Head. Here near the base are globidymograpus in li, and a few small Hornitoma likeforms. The contact between these beds and the Chazy is well exposed in a low cliff running out into the sea, very bedded Below is the unmistakable Reed Mountain magnesian li, and on its inner surface with irregularities of one foot depth comes in at once the thinly dural li. of the Chazy. A few higher appear characteristic Chazy mids. This relation of the two formations is done just like

137 August 11-1918 Table Head section that seen at several places in the Pahranagat area. The base of the Chazy has several alternating zones of lilly and even bedded lil, and then the peak crown of the formation is of the dark-blue krifty (lacelike or breathing into small sharp meander) characters. Fossils there are many but excellent for that are good for any purpose. At 3 1/2 miles north of the south end of Table Head Dinosaur Park an erratic of Cns Head crgl, at least 8 feet long lying on the line, This man brought here by the ice from some inland exposure, or that the Cns Head is meant to the carry of this place. The size is 6 x 10 x 5-feet. The section determined today according to Dinosaur Park's Upper Beddiment: 50' Dark fluit-pay dome dolomite, breathing licks pay. Juttes from 1 or 2 inches to 4 to 6 inches thick with occasional ones of 10". These beds are moderately fossiliferous. Pterygoturus lamerei, Pilcreus (see specimen), Ceratopus megops, and many others deforested parts which appear in the Helicostoma. 10 Heavy dense beds of fluit-pay dolomite, the surfaces of the layers with many Crustacea megops, Asaune Helicostoma, also containing P. lamerei, and Pilcreus. Many specimens of Eu- cosma are seen. See the few specimens collected. 45' Dense manoir dol. much like that just below except that it has many small ferde like encrustations and no fossils. There is some undulation to these beds but the average dip in about a half mile is 10 N., 70 W.

August 11, 1918 Talle Head section. 10' Alternating lewy layers about one foot thick separated by intervals of thinner bedded dolomite. This brings us to a smaller core where there is a large fault. The fault strata tilted strikes across the core, being exposed on both sides of it, and there is a newly continuous exposure of a slightly lower level around the face of the core. 165' The small joint south of the horn is near the middle of a core, subdividing it into two smaller cores. The southern of these about 1/4 mile across the lower found interval of Richardson. Here the cliff needs a distance of 50 to 100 yards from the shore and is largely covered by talus but several exposed outcrops serve to show the character of the white sequence, and they are also more or less exposed as rocky ledges at low tide. These beds are even bedded Hurst-ley maj. li., in layers 2 to 6 inches thick, and many of these have a fine rift-like bedding like the schneiders and a little of some sedimentary lines. These li., do not over them or simple as those below and appear very fine-grained and earthy, weathering very lightly. About 20 feet from there I find Didymograptus and heden of are seen silicium pseudonipples of a light red part. There are recanimal gneiss. 1 to 3 feet thick that are very thin-bedded weathering into them chips almost like shale. Richardson's estimate of 160 feet for his I division appears to be about correct. End of Reedman Turn. Seen 280 feet.

139 August 11-1918 Table Head section. Beeld mantum - Chazy contact. At the south edge of this core a big ledge runs out for 100 yards into the matrix at right angles from the core. On this clear exposed place the Beeld mantum - Chazy contact is shown. It is an erosin unconformity with irregularities about one foot deep. Below it the top of the Beeld mantum overthrusts smooth and very light colored; above it the base of the Chazy has its characteristic dark fluted grayed and overthrust rough and knotty. The top of the B. is may. li., and the base of the Chazy is apparently art. The section of the Chazy is as follows:- 3' Dark fluted gray heavy bed of li. that overthrus lightly. 2,6" Li. of the same color in two layers that overthrust smooth instead of knotty. The upper surface covered in places with a small fluff turned gastropod. Could not see good one. 4" Same colored li., overthrust then bedded and knotty. 8" Li., overthrusting smooth and beds with a conchoidal fracture Lepadiiia at the top. 100 Massive bedded fluted-gray li., that overthrus lightly and thrusts down into macadam. These beds are full of Chazy fossils at the base. Pajinurus frisca, Horistoma angustina, the compressed bryozoa Archaeocythis minyanae?, Helicostoma with ribs on base, Lawsmorus fridicus, Camarella. 6" Thin bedded, undulating and mottled layers. Any fur rose fossils.

140 August 11-1918 Talle Head section 5' Gray dolomitic li, weathery light buff-gray and fracturing concentrically into large slab-edged pieces. Por. fossils. 4" Dark flinty li., full of Chazy fossils. Breathers thinly. 20" Theiner tumbled coarse sandy lags, mottled with obscure fucoids. Fossils abundant in bits. 468' Dark flint-gray li., in extremely massive beds that weather thinly and break down into small chips. These beds are full of Chazy fossils. The lithology continues uniform with no basis for subdivisions. Dip at the point 20 S. 30 W. This division goes on up in the section above by mantels become common. 612 Fully Chazy or far determined. This section is continued on page 141 August 12-1918, Monday. Talle Head. A strong wind blew all day and during the night bringing a light rain. This morning the world is cold, wet and dreary. Concluded to remain in camp. Dunbar and Edwards went out to study the remainder of the section, the Talle Head fms., its contact with the Passamanooste limestone, and the relation of the latter to a fault. Still wet all afternoon and we remain in camp. Heavy fog at night.

141 August 12-1918 Monday. Table Head Section Chagy continued 61/2 fut. Our former estimate is 716 fut. Rickerdson that striking out 5+1 fut and his segment 9.449 fut. 60' Dark-gray li, in large beds that overtake into thin knotty The next day we concluded it and close bed to the Table Head layers 1/2 to 1 inch thick. The Chagy-Table Head contact should be drawn at either the top or base of this zone. There is no heat in the sequence. Table Head Formation. '25' Dark gray to blackish li, in bands about 2 inches thick separated by shale partings. This li. does not break down into knotty chips like all the preceding zones of The Chagy. 65' Bands of li, like the preceding alternating with equal thicknesses of flaccid carbonaceous shale. 30' Li, like the preceding in layers 2 to 4 inches thick but with very little shale. 5' A heavy bed of very dark gray li. that weathers blackly. 5' Black li, in 2 to 4 inch bands with a small amount of flaccid shale. 4' Heavy layer of blacky li. 5' Black carbonaceous shale and black li in 2 to 6 inch bands. The shale forms about half the bed. 205' 6' Heavy bed of knobby solid li. 45' Black carbonaceous shale interbedded with flaccid li, in bands 1 to 3 inches thick, the shale making about one-third the total. 95' 20' Black carbonaceous shale, pretty my broken. 30' Black carbonaceous shale much cracked. This forms

"August 12-1918. Table Head Section, the top of the Table Head, but there is a very clear transition into the succeeding Parson sandstone. The thickness of the Table Head as here defined has a thickness of 300 feet. Richardson's first estimate is 200 feet and his second 277 feet. S. and J. made it 300 feet. Parson Sandstone. "142 It begins with greenish-black shale with only thin bands of greenish sandstone, passing into coarse greenish shale with bands of chalky sandstone 4 to 8 inches thick. About half of this green is sandy shale. Dip gradually increasing from 40° to 70° S. 60° W. 200 Crossing beds of these green sandstones some of which are chalky and others very coarse grained. Dip 50 S. 60° W. Creased out to the farther exposed ledge at low tide before we camp in Table Point Cove." 352 Fully Parson Sandstone seen. Richardson gives the thickness as 700 feet. Where did he measure this thickness? Look that up. [As Cape Head] No fault line is at all discernable, although in 1910 Torontsffel and Schuchert thought they saw one reducing the Parson sandstone to a visible thickness of 20 feet. This section was restudied the next day. See pages 144- 149.

143 August 13-1918. Tuesday Table Head. As there are marked discrepancies between my measurements of the section at Table Head when compared with Richardson and D. J. T., we concluded to re-measure all of it this morning. We thuse returned to the first notch of Table Head about 2 miles north of our camp and first measured down in the section from the Beelmontian-Chazy contact; and later up in the section to the Paron sandstone. It was then seen that Richardson Beelmontian gave 2 said to be exceeded can now be more determined, and that the Chazy thickness was un- derestimated. In the afternoon we collected fossils at various places, for far on Table Head collections are small even smaller than those of 1910. With the best of intentions one can get but few good fossils. I collected from the fault rocks country camp

August 13-1918 Table Head section revised. 352' Parson sandstone as before 300' Table Head formation as before 811' Chazy as follows:- From the top downward. 639' Darker bluish-gray li. grading without a sharp division from the next lower zone. These beds have the darker clns and finely, locally appearance typical of the Chazy. Fucoids at the base. Many fossils: Vajinoceras pisceata, Pliomurus icarus, Actino- ceras clonei, Horontoma angustina, Macelwits eminus Dawsoceras poriamus. At 82 feet above the base the beds are thinner, reddish and here occur Spirifhtum and fucoids. Lepudities. This zone is a thin one. Above the section continues with numerous fossils. At 220' above the base occurs a widely exposed dip slope with crouts of a brownish sheet on the surface. At 260' above the base | Lepudites occur. At 308 up one of the large nautili, Are of the above beds are rather thin reddish and rusty. At 460' above the base the li. gradually becomes poorer and presents once the typical appearance of the Chazy. At 500 a good big nautili', and here are also see many other matreccum. The top 20 feet make the large bare dip slope that forms the south-west face of the point. Coropginia are common here, Also

145 August 13-1918. Table Head section revised. Laga nautili, Rafinercus picator, Dawsonreus prionus. Onesocus sp., small estomies of mania byptra. Only a few poorly preserved gastropods were seen, as Maduritis communis but the M. of the Chazy are very rare in strata. Rafinercus attains large size, up 2'9" long with the epyp m- complete and a dia. width of 1 1/4 inches; body chamber 9" long and 5 1/2 inches in diameter at the largest end. The last septa are 7's inch apart. In the afternoon drilling down in the section fossils are scarce beneath the sponge bed for 130 feet. At this level Lepuditra are common along with mud bryozoan and trilobites, Pleioneus icarus, Commin Rafinsquonia aurora. Obscure gast. are also seen. At 150 down Lepuditra, pug of trilobites, Hormitoma sorcula and Rafinercus sp. Fossils are scarce then to 190' down. Here occur Tornicofelis acuminata (its highest occurrence) and laga nautili, fragments of tril. Hormitoma simulatrix, Rafinercus A. Dawsonreus prionus. At 200' down common in T. acuminata. Associated with it is a small operculum the right size and shape to first. This is the only gast. seen here and the operculum doubtless belongs to it. At 260 feet down there is another gray slate with Lepu- ditra, T.acuminata, Rafinercus and frag. of tril.

146 August 13. Table Head section revised. 20' Light gray dolomite li. that does not weather or crack and thinly as most of the Chazy. Replets with fusoids and fossils of pentapods. 6' Bluish-gray li, often less dolomitic, weathering then reddish and more less thinly. Replet with Butthrophi?, and occasional Actinocrurus clonus?, Vaginoceras piscator, Maclurites acu- minata, and Horntoma angustina. Away near the middle without fossils is full of fossils. 8' Light dark colored and smooth weathering dolomitic li, fracturing into large sharply angular fragments. Once less laminated like crustal line. 8' A heavy gray that is more dolomitic and weathers into thin flakes 1 to 2 inks thick which are layers formed of intraforma- torial edgewise conglomerate. The layers are hard and etiolated as if the result of a mud flow at the time of deposition; fossils practically absent. 106' Dark dark colored & bluish li, in heavy beds that weather into laddly-thinly chips. At 90' above these occur Vagin- oceras piscator and numerous pentapods. 21' Light bluish gray; dark colored li. that weathers somewhat with many specimens of one species of low turritled gast. Jointed into rectangular blocks, in the upper layers are many specimens of Leperdilia. 2',6"-3',6" Dense light bluish gray li. In a heavy bed that weathers

147 August 13. Talle Head section revised. intramitle and linthy chips. Forms the base of the Chags in an erosional surface of the Bellmantown. Bellmantown. Begins with Richardsons Div, I, 48' Light dense cold smooth weathering house and fine grained dolomitic li. weathering to a buff greyish. Disposed in beds from 4 inches to 1 foot thick into a few bands in the lower part that weather thin and shaly. Some of these show ripple marks. 5' Massive dolomitic layer with white chunky fossiliforms crevations. The bed is marked by fine lighter fossilized like mottling. 13' Beds like the 48' grey. 26' Darker once coarsely crystalline dolomite full of fossiliforms concretions of white dolomite crystals that make this very easy distinguishable plane of reference. This marks the base of Richardsons upper zone of division I. 7' Dense cold dense dolomitic li. weathering buff-grey. Other- nize like the 48' grey 1' Light blue-grey slaty bed strongly sun-cracked 12' Like the 7' foot grey. Helicostoma beds and slender hornstones. 2' Light thick-grey slaty layers with sun cracks and ruffling 4' Heavy uneven undulating bed with fine Cryptogram- like marks. 36' Dense cold, buff weathering dolomitic li. like that above.

148 August 13. Talle Stedell Section, revised. with rippling at 4' far from the top, and obscure sun-cracks at 20' from the top. This is the base of Rickard's zone I. The next lower division is darker in color and makes an easily distinguishing field guide. 6' Dark flint-bronze-gray friez cryptolite dolomite li, 36' More cloud dense and very hard dolomite li, weathering lighthuff-pay. Hearin redded than zone I. Some layers with obscure furoidal mottling. In places, trucciated and cemented with white crystalline dolomite. Many veins of dolomite. Some layers are laminated like stratum. Near the base of this zone is where Helicymognopetus occurs. 131 8' Darker gray stratum-like beds. 31' Dark- flint-bronze-gray dolomite. 17' Heavy flint -gray dark beds with furoidal mottling and cloudy white crystalline dolomite. Obscure Helicostoma an ecomm. 18' Heavy beds mottled white and dark-gray dolomite. About one-half white. At the base a Pilcunas oras found. 15' Light flint gray heavy bedded dolomite. This zone strikes into the hill. This takes us to the level of the lowest exposure in the north of the hill and to the top of the horizon of heavy and shale beds observed at the top of the section north of the hill on August 11. This gives a total of 131 feet in the

149 August 3. Table Head Section revises. unexposed interval of Rickardom. The beds are known all clay exposed at low tide and largely exposed in the old cement prints of the other cliffs. Total of Reedmantown studied 375 feet. Table Head. Remarks about fossils by clientman. The 60 feet gone thus reddish thinly laid, at the base of the Table Head is full of clay, brachiopods. There are also large specimens of Lapinoceras protracta. All other fossils are extremely rare. There is therefore here a marked faunal difference when compared with the Chazy. The succeeding three feet reddish lie, and shale is dominated by trilobites of which 3 or 4 large species are very abundant. The large Lingula is common here and an extremely graceful slender crinoid cystidophorid. A few small specimens of a macradium were seen. At about 100 feet above the base of the Table Head that Amblypyge and Ammonites come in commonly.

158 August 14-1918, Wednesday, Talle Head - Potan Choix. A dark cold morning with a little coast. All slept cold last night and Duntan got up before 5 made a fire and sat down to do it until breakfast time at 7 AM. By 7.30 we see our boat coming of from Daniels Haven. The wind is mild and favorable for our trip north to Potan Choix. We left at 9.30 under favorable conditions for a 26 mile run. At 2 P.M. we are in the Fort Haven since we left Bonne Bay, at Old Potan Choix known as Potan Choix. We pitched our tents on the grassy shore and before we got finished it began to rain - a misty rain. As we traveled north this morning we had a fine view of Talle Head... The Redmantum strata extend north in an almost continuous exposure for six miles. In all this distance the strata undulate up and down or that is appeared no other beds are exposed than those are saw on Sunday. At 6 miles north of Talle Head the and finally disappears at about 3500 strata begin to undulate with steepen dips. They blend into the more decided undulating character for another mile when the cliffs are all of special gravel outcrawl. In this last mile of exposure it is fortunate that the Chazy green comes inland undulating in other places. The dipping of the beds inland, shore continued, maybe no more than an From 7 miles north of Talle Head the shores appear to be all of glacial material and with local exceptions appear to extend to Hantle Bay. The gastropods I collected in 1908 at Shell Bay may be of Chazy age, this is the view Duntan is inclined to take from a study of the specimens. All of this coast is low and along the shore hardly exceeds so far. Here one sees in faces two eleventy terraces, the usual levels of 30 and 50 feet. There

157 August 14-1918 Potam Choix. is at times a higher level, at 70-fath. The Loy Range is far inland and they don't come near the Gulf shore until the Bay of St. John. Hillside island The abandoned Farmel Potam Choix or Outer Potam Choix Pit Division 82 Division H Rock Arm Division 4 Arrows to Rouston Creek Division F. Cherry River Shelly Hills Private contact between Cherry and Des I = Poca Mountain Cherry High Pier Div. 1 Div. 4 Old Potam Choix a former Potam Choix. Barjannelle Cre. Cherry Creek Lowland Div. Zena Cherry Dr. K. The section descends along this creek and the contact between the Cherry and Pocahontas town is near Barjannelle cre. See more correct map. The appended one is more accurate as to geography and geology.

August 15-1918. Thursday. Port-au Choix. It rained hard in the early part of the night and this morning there was a very thick fog. However we got out at 6:30 A.M. to study the matter beginning with Port au Choix. Aug 15, 1918 Port au Choix (Old Paul Ck.) Back Arm Choirin Lour Choyz Lour Choyz Chest Choyz Rustards Cke. Choir Bay the strata again rose to about the level seen in the morning = H. In 1910 I noted that Division F on the North Beadmantle is present at the north end of the peninsula but I now see that this is a mistake. The peninsula has no Divisions G and H. Division F should come in on the mainland north of the peninsula and toward Rustards Cke.

157 August 14-1918 Port au Choix. is at times a higher level, at 70-feet. The Long Range is far inland and they don't come near the Gulf shore until the Bay of H. John. doc. 114 See more correct map. The appended one is more accurate as to geography and geology.

August 15-1918, Thursday, Port-au-Choix. It rained hard in the early part of the night and the morning has a very thick fog. However we go out at 8.30 A.M. to study the northern peninsula north of Port au Choix. Shortly after we started the sun lifted the fog and the day remained sunny and fine. We crossed over the narrow neck of land between Old Por tau Choix and the outer a French Port au Choix and then walked along the same southward to the point and around it south- ward to the head of Port au Choix Bay to where our camp is situated. We began collecting in the upper part of Richardsons Divi- sion H and near the center of the thickness found it more frutiferous than Dad criticized in 1910. In place fungi are very common but it is very seldom that one gets a good me. The height in considerable material that will help to identify the species. At the northern point of the peninsula the section descend into Division G but on going southward into the bay Port au Choix Bay the strata again rise to about the level seen in the morning = H. In 1910 I noted that Division F on the lower Beaumanoir is present at the north end of the peninsula but I now see that that is a mistake. The peninsula has only Divisions G and H. Division F should come in at the mainland north of this peninsula and toward Beustands Cove.

153 August 15. Pot-au-Criox Dentars note. Dentars notes are as follows:- The two ledges of rock along route Pot-au-Criox core are glaciated striated and polished. The striae run due west. Going along the north side of route Pot-au-Criox core we are away on the strike of the higher Reed mountain = Longueau d'or, 14. On the surface of the gently south-westwardly dipping strata we see numerous fairly preserved fossils weathering out in relief as siliceous pseudomorphs. The surfaces of the rocks over there very rough in having an irregular network like fissures of silica in relief. Pilcrenus and Eucosma are common, and Orachulis affinis. Fossil lit mrs fm here. On the peninsula at the north-west edge of the core where is a high-tide island we find the highest layers exposed on the north side of the core. These are fluviat gray in color and apparently less diomitic than those below. They weather into thin flakes and fracture more or less badly. Here occur Vaginoceras projecta, Recipitaculite, small Pilcrenus, Eucosma and coiled cithalophorites. Cliff Edgus S.30 W. Fossil lit mrs 1 fm here. Proceeding south and north-eastward we slowly descend in the section. At near 100 feet above the base of Division 3 or 4 occur fluviat gray lying beds with many depressed gastropods and fair quantities of spirculin, also small Pilcrenus, Partroglycenus lamarchi, coiled cithalophorites that look much like Eumystotis Kelloggi, and numerous other unidentified species of cephalopods. These layers weather smooth or tip and the fossils are partly

August 10. Port au Choix, Duntan's nts. seen in section. The rock is so dense and heavy that almost none of the fossils could be determined. Lst 3 f foss. It is a puzzle to what great period the layer of pelecypods could belong since they seem far later than any of the gastropods present. About 2/5 of a mile from the north point of the peninsula we find a layer full of large trilobites and a little ostracod. This layer continues near the upper part of the ridge to the point where it is at the top of the strata in the high cliffs. These fossils are limited to a thin zone of not one foot thick. At some point 10 feet lower and almost none fossil thick is more muddy and weathered gillmore. It shows severally. Once again about it and again a few feet higher than intraplanatorial conglomerate. This closes Division 1st. Below the big trilobite layer it is just as perfect down to the lowest strata exposed at the farthest north point of the Port au Choix peninsula. Below the intraplanatorial cong. layer noted above fossils quickly become rare and some are absent. At the same time the strata become more dolomitic with more tendency to weather smooth. Many layers are marked by a pattern that may be due to sun-cracking. The beds have the appearance of shallow water deposits. Near the base is a heavy layer that is dimorph and uneven, suggesting Cryptozoon. Below this there is what of dark gray more coarsely crystalline and porous dolomite that breaks with conchoidal fracture and

August 10. Port au Choix, Newfoundland. is noted from 2 to 8 inches thick. Some of these layers have many white ferules of dolomite. At total thickness of about 30 feet if these beds is exposed just beyond the point. The section then rises in going southward into the big bay and ends in strata almost as high as those begun with this morning, The interformational conglomerate and seam-cracks about 10 feet be- low the big trilobite zone seems to be a natural division between Lofans 2a Ot and 3a H. of the Reedman town. This being the case not quite all of zone 2 is exposed on the peninsula and zone 4 is almost entirely. The latter beds must be explored along the mainland toward Bustards Cree.

August 16 Friday. Port au Choix. A strong wind Hurra-e day but otherwise the day is fine. At 8 A.M., we start for outer Port au Choix (the old French village) and then southward along the outer shore to Point Riche Light house and Macanmi station. Division I of Logan makes the southern shore of outer Port au Choix Bay and continues southward and for about one-half mile. The feds are heavy heddled may, li., and dol mills with some small froids. Macleni-do one sees often but otherwise fossils are scarce. The actual guest contact with the Chagz ore could not make out, and we concluded that it lay in the water near the Chagy cliff. About one half mile southward from outer Port au Choix over the basal member of the Chagy appears and is then continues all the way to Point Riche Light house. Gastur-fords are common but otherwise we saw little today of value. The upper Chagy division makes the light cliffs at the Light house and then the shore for about one mile towards Baya-monele. Then the lower Chagy comes in and continues to weather about one-half mile of Saya- monele. Here the contact with the Reedman form appears but again we were not able to locate the actual contact. In spite of the fact that they fossils collected all day are far den froids than many first visit. The windy-cold day was against us, and then we were looking only for fossil specimens. Nevertheless the ground does not appear to me as good today as it was in 1910.

107 August 16. Friday. Port au Choix, Dumbaus mts. Dumbaus mts are as follows: One by an oval on the south side of the south side of outer Port au Choix. There is an estimated interval of 50 feet not exposed occupied by the neck of Port au Choix Bay. These strata belong in the upper part of Lagan Division H. The lowest strata on the south side are of light gray dolomite in large beds 2 to 6 feet thick. Small grades of dolomite and quartz are common at various times. Only rare traces of marine fossils are seen. The lithology remains uniform for a thickness of 90 feet and then there is an unexposed interval for about 1/4 mile across a very shallow curve. The strata here have a very low dip so that the lost interval may be only 50 feet or less. All of these strata are of Lagan Division I. At the first point of the cliff about 1/2 mile to the south west of the outer edge of Port au Choix Bay the section begins again with light bluish-gray argillaceous li. that weathers crisp and finely like the Chazy. Fossils are at once common. Raf. Proctori, Hemitoma augusta (new), Retiresquim (can not warn) and depressed footprints. Also Macaulis transitorius. These layers are entirely different from the bearing beds of dolomite below but the exact contact could not be seen. The bare slope on top of the cliffs (about 30 feet above the face of the Chazy) are repeta with Macaulis acuminate, Mr. transitorius,

August 16. Pot-au-Choix and M. socciosa, (M. emmrozi, also seen), Horomtoma (my new #.), Delictoma (with the nitted base), Raj. piscator, Danasmocerus [illegible], Liracrus sp. undet, and trilobite fragments. These same species continue very abundant in the succeeding strata up to the Lependitra bed, which is exposed at the point to the west of the lighthouse and along the upper part of the cliffs a distance of about 1/4 miles. The Lependitra beds are more muddy and they appear to be shallower water deposits than the beds below. Associated with the ostracods are trilobites and [new] Othoasterin mirangensis. The Lawn Chazy here appears to represent a little deeper water deposits than those of Table Head, and there are normal marine crustaceans more forms.

159 August 17-1918, Saturday, Port au Choix - Keppel Island. A cold night - dark night. This morning I learn that an end of snow fell at Flavour Cove two days ago. This morning the skies are clear and the wind is light, we therefore prepare to go to Keppel Island and Hantles Bay to the south of Point Pick. At 9.10 are are off. It in 1/2 miles to the return point of Back Arm and 6 miles as the train goes to Point Pick light house. It is another 5 miles to Keppel Island where one or other near the middle part of the north shore. We then crawl to the return northern side and or in around to ready where are started. We did this in 2 hours. At first the rocks are deep redded dolomite with thin groves of laminated dark blue to almost black li. Hardly any fossils are to be seen but occasionally there is a trace of a depressed gastropod. The thickets show traces of our crawling. We learned not tell what the age of the rocks are other than Beckman town on the basis of lithology. As are get to the return northern side we come upon a true for some of laminated bluish - yellowish or whitish - arg. li. completely seen crumbled with the fossils from 6ths and more acorn and raised on the edges. Then like a dark blue, li. about 1/4th thick most Ceratopyen corneus, small Pireceus siphonula, and gastropod opercula. Then higher is another seen-crumbled layer about 15 miles thick and in characters like the older one. Above it are once dark black li. that have traces of many gastropods. A few feet higher, In the same kind of beds occur the orthos - Plectum bristles - thillite some seen on Aug. 16 north of river Port au Choix. We therefore are in lit of the Beck mountains.

Aug 17, 1918. Keppel Island - Hantles Bay. As we go around the small side of Keppel Island towards the east we see thin zones of laminated clay, in completely unweathered. Fossils are accordingly very scarce. Duntan thinks there may be upland on Keppel Island about 20 [illegible] feet of dolomite beneath the semi-cracked beds, followed by less than 50 feet of the latter. The strata are almost horizontal, though hardly they undulate in some places with the formations all atwitter. At 2.30 we are aboard again and start for Hantles Bay. Duntan's notes for the afternoon areas follows: "As we enter Hantles Bay we pass between the southern mainland and House Island in the mouth of the Bay. This island is formed of Blue- mountain dolomite. Its east and southwest shores expose these rocks dipping steeply to the southeast but undulating, the dip varying within a few yards from 35S.40E to 30 due S. The island in a "criche monotonese". These upturned and somewhat disturbed beds of dolomite being beveled off and glacially polished, grooved and striated. See photo. The direction of the ice movement was N.80W. Chatter marks are developed along many of the striae. The northern shore of the mainland about 1/2 mile from this island in a direction N.70E is formed of Blue mountain dolomite, dipping 10N.W.-W. This promontory is once glaciated with big garrs. The dolomite here is darker and more coarsely crystallized and in heavy beds, milk dolomite streaks and white mottling of the same.

161 August 17. Hawkes Bay, north Shore. The crest projects in about 200 yards northwest along the crust upon more eastward and fairly tumbled dolomite dipping 15°N. 70W. The dip steepens to vertical in the next 200 yards and the strata in along the edge of a little core about ½ mile SSW. of the Whale Factory. At about 200 yards to the west side of this core where the rocks are again upturned, here the dolomite is in beds 2 to 6 inches thick and one layer shows small sun-cracking. The dip is 8 N. 45°W. Out-dip of beds 176-177°. At about 200 yards further the strata dip 5 S. 40 E. Here they are light dove colored dolomite in heavy beds interbedded with fintle, red and chalky beds. This is near the whale factory, and the exposure continues to the same and for about ½ nautical league. At about ¼ mile or a little less further the dip undulates from northward to southeast. The beds are light dove colored dolomite in fairly heavy beds some of which are durmerically and full of Cryptozoon. Many of the layers are sun-cracked. A few feet below the Cryptozoon, are thin bedded chalky layers full of ripple marks and sun-cracks. Below there are 3 feet of birdlike fine grained sandstone like the lower part of the Buckmantown near near Port an Port. Beyond this the strata abruptly bend up to a dip probably due to a fault which is focussed by loose material. It is probably a very small fault since similar small sandstones occur just beyond this line, and below about 8 feet of this comes once thin bedded chalky and much sun-cracked beds in 2 feet alternating with

August 17. Harkes Bay, north shore more than shaly beds with layers of dark sandstone for foot. The clay argil, yellow weathering dolomite again for 5 feet. Then about 3 feet of pure sandstone again at the base of a sharp steeply plunging fold which has a direction of N.60° E., ke- yword and the dip of the beds is again northeast, dips 20 due E. The next exposure 100 yards further is of light gray fine grained lime sandstone in deep beds dipping 20 5.60°E at first, thick some erring by due E another 50 yards, a thickness of 60 feet in all, some of the layers are distinctly cross-bedded. Once of the sandstones is fine grained dense and quartzitic. The top 5 feet is thumbed and passes by easy gradation into thinly laminated shaly sandstone in which worm tubes are very thick. These tubes are one D shaped but a broad head. The filling of the hole is about 3/8 inch in diameter and 2 1/2 to 3 inches in length between the ends. A thickness of 6 feet of these shaly beds is exposed. Following a sharp undergrained internal line is 20 feet once of light gray limy bedded sandstones, succeeded by 5 feet of Harkes shale. Then a 3 foot bed of dense fine sandstone, then hopefully beds that are dark gray in color and weather into somewhat gritty layers an inch or thick by are dense and hard but very crisp. scratches a dull stone. The beds have many small particles of calcite. I think the rock is a dolomitic li, but Prof Johnsen thinks they caly sandstone,

163 August 17. Harkers Bay, north shore. first river on the northern side to enter the head of Harkers Bay, it ends at 1/2 mile from the same river. These strata where reexamined and are described my gr 174-175. The intended to camp at this river but found the ground too occupied by bay makos and they said the fleck fish come or find that area they could not do their arrival. We then circled more to the south of the head of Harkers Bay and pitched camp beside the mouth of Torrent River a rather large one with a good reputation for hard trout and salmon. We had salmon for supper given us by the same kindred of Western Newfoundland and the fish are also had here but not so bad as in East end of Bonne Bay. [Of the section measured by Duncan at least 170 feet appears to be of Lower Cambrian age. Of these strata 95 feet are sandstones and 75 feet are dolomites. This is all the Cambrian ore studied but not sure if the Cambrian as we have not seen the top or bottom, yesterday we called all of these strata Bedlamstown but the next day it became clear that L.C. is also on the north shore.]

August 18-1918. Sunday. Hawkes Bay. A cold mist, partly the colder of far mountain. Shown are all slight fairy orange. Had rock-hunt for shell-fish. Dunbar Smith Edwards and Lemire intend to go up Torrent. Rain other I will go along the south shore. The clouding up and once again before the days run. It did not rain. Are of the following shots are of Tawau Gaminage. At Camp or are pitched on the "Buttom" Heavy bedded Dolomite (see specimen). Another bed of the same kind is seen again about 1/2 mile from camp towards the south shore. At the next point a few hundred yards distance our rocks are seen. But just inside the group to the south-west on the head one heavy bedded dol, are again seen dipping at a very low angle into the bay forming its mouth. These dol. are glaciated and the others now turning the mouth of the bay. One continues in practically the same hit to the next point, a prominent one, and all are "the bottom" dol. Have some form a limestone about 2 foot thick in which the bottoms we see To be organic fruiting algae. See the specimen. As I proceed to the southerly end of this cave, which it projects deeper into the land, the above algae bottom dolomits are contain heavy bedded grit like pains saltine marbled by some prominent gravel. I could make out a thickness of about 30 foot but as once sometimes of the same nature is in the country print then may be as much as 50 foot. On the point from again almost back to the land's own on the easterly side of the cave and here the sandstone are thin bedded and interbedded with thin joints greenish chalky sandstones reflects white points. These beds represent some form of the above mentioned uncoupled area and probably near the tip. The dip of these sandstone is low probably 5 degrees and towards the mouth of the bay and Horse Island. As I proceed easterly and crossing in the section through

165 August 18-1918 Harkers Bay, South shore these then bedded sometimes with thin gms of flint to almost black shale. I go across the strike for 80 yards = about 12 feet. In the middle of this at 70 Gone I find Olenellus beds in the very thin sandstone into bedded with the dark shales. Trilobes occur in the shales along with a very rare fragment of white spongia, i.e., a Patumina. Therefore I now know that I am in the Lower Cambrian. It is then about 100 yards crossing to another point. In this interval there are lamination bedded sandstone and very few shale gones. In the latter I again saw fragments of Olenellus. At a dip of 7 deg, the thickness in 36 feet. At 40 = 21 feet. At the last mentioned point I enter into another clay core in fault of which I cannot see more than the surface ground at this side. occurs a low rocky island, the only fault exposure about 25 feet of heavy and ribbon They are reddest with some bright discoloring my eyes/163. then bedded fine grained almost white sandstone that overthrusts pinkish. On the near far side of this clay core one sees no exposures but I estimate there are here un- exposed about 60 feet of sediment. I get by estimating it in 300 feet across the dip to the other side of the core and at 10 degrees dip (has steepened since) the (= about 35 feet corrected). thickens away from it about 60 feet. Later learn that the dip is to fault information 6. At the next point mostly that crosses the headland to the core with the two classification that are a part of systematic. islands in a little about 20 feet long bedded white quartzite. The boulders are of the size of pebbles. Kelomina ferns are common to carry some clays and stones. Here is a half sandstone one can see fragments of Olenellus but they are much proportioned. On this point the shales are much cross bedded giving the appearance of undulations. Then another clay core with Carter north emptying into it. Here are small island on the strike or in thickness of strata is crossed. At the north near exposed sandstone but small Olerlithus (see specimen).

August 18, Hantles Bay, South Shore At the next point nearest to the front the headland exposes white and pink clearly marked sandstone to a thickness of about 20 feet. This is the grey headland of the southern shore of Hawtles Bay. Further the coast is a very deep bay that opposes the whole factory of the north crank, where we could along the strike of the beds and our thickness is added. The most cresting point is made up of a grey thick bed (?10) of pink quartzite followed by an equal thickness of white quartzite. One of these sandstones are much crumbled and seem now almost opposite the Whale Factory and that strata are about horizontal. I have concluded to go further out today. Almost all of the Lower Cambrian seen today consists of sandstone, nearly always rippled and more a few can be folded. The black or dark shale are probably pockets or depressions in the sandstone, this an uninteresting formation paleontologically as but two fossils are seen, and there to search for the outcrops into the west and northwest and dipping from 2 to 6 degrees, are all payments. The total thickness seen today cannot be great. My large estimates make it at about 245 feet of sandstone above the "bottom" limestone. The latter thickness seems not determined and let may not be more than 10 feet. In a straight line measured on the Admiralty Map across the strike if thickness traversed to day is one it is about 7000 feet. The dip of the strata at the camp is 2 degrees N, S, E W. This is lower than I had expected and it led are to estimate greater dips are along the section. Re-estimating: 2000 " " section at 2 degrees x 3 1/2 = 70 feet of strata 1000 " " " 4 " x 7 = 90 " 1000 " " " 5 " x 8 3/4 = 87 " " 3000 " " 2 " x 3 1/2 = 105 " " Thickness of L. Cambrian seen today, 332 " "

167 August 18. Hawkes Bay. East g Camp. Quartas miles for the day are as follows: " With Edwards and Lemire started at 9, 9 a.m. in a course of Torrent Burn. On the river smooth is dark blue mg., li. full of Cystogon "huttons". Dip, 2 N. 60 W. At the bend in the river after it turns east, about 1/2 mile above its mouth there is exposed a low ledge of Hurst-gray os. dips 12 S. 15 E. Oolite sandstone dipping 25 N. 60 W., just below the second ledge. Also about 30 feet of os. is exposed in a low bluff. On the opposite bank about 200 yards further in the dip is about in the same direction but at a low angle of only 10 degrees N. or. About 300 yards further along the upper end of the lake there is a low exposure of the os. for a distance of 100 yards, dipping 15 S. 60 E. The os. is well bedded and rather coarse grained, breather horned. The low exposure in mine a few continuous to the manner's 300 yards further up stream. The dip undulates somewhat dipping S. 20 E near the manner. We are slowly rising in the section having gone through perhaps 100 to 200 feet of sandstone. Here at the top it is very carty. At the falls the river tumbles over a ledge of about 25 feet of the same time, To about 200 yards below it flows in a manner rapids bounded on the N. side by a cliff of os. to a height of about 50 feet. The dip at the falls is 5 or 6 deg due W but it steepens to 35 N. 20 W. The south bank is made of different red shale weather smooth and is nearly horizontal. Near the water there are con cretions of chalk. It appears that the gorge here is curving along a fault. The os. at the falls is remarkably well bedded. Rev Dickins,

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August 18-19, 18. Hanks Bay. Earth Camp. Just above the falls the dip is about 6 or 8 nearly due E. but it tends on to 5 or 6 nearly W at the falls, and swings to 30 N. 20 W., within 20 seconds below. Cross bedded ss. continues to form the north bank, and smooth creathing over the south for a distance of about 1/2 mile above the falls where we strike another later. Here the dip of the ss. is 26 N. 20 W., and is succeeded by dense fine grained light blue dol. li. Just above the mouth of the lake is exposed a low anticline with its axis S. 20 W. At the upper end of the lake about 1/4 mile above where we ate dinner, there is a low mesosome of clare or cloud dense fine grained dolomite dipping 36 N. 46 W. This lake opens into the big one that continues to the foot hills. Here have been seeing an occasional tumbled of the LC. edge wise engl. all the way up. They are more common along the north side of the big lake. Here also occur tumblers of the "fultni" layers like those at the camp. The cross bedded ss. of the falls is also exposed at various places along the north side of the lake and forms at least the lower part of the hill theorison to the north of it. Climbing up the steep timbered slope about 50 feet we come to a vertical cliff 20 feet higher. The lower 10 feet is coarsely crystalline and granular marble like li. Above it is dense dark sandy li. in lods from 1 to 1/2 inches somewhat unevenly bedded. The marble has many fragments of trilobites, and just above it occur Archaeopyga thinate?

169 August 19, 1918. Monday. Hank's Bay. South line continued. We start out at 8:10 for the south shore of Hank's Bay to where I left off. Just beyond (only) the print left off there are thin reddish gneiss sandstone with fucoids. A few hundred yards over we are again in heavy and cross- crossed pink sandstone. The same sandstone make the next stratum print. continuing to be For a mile back east the strata ^ almost horizontal, print dipping south of the north shore towards the ff [illegible] shore and now almost back towards the camp. Therefore the strata undulates in this mile and as we are facing more and more on the crossed sandstone strike mid much ^ thickness is revealed. In general the dips is from 2 to 3 degrees. In the next 1/3 mile, as the camp flies, all the ready prints are made up of very light pinkish and white, heavy folded, cross-folded and rippled quartz- its. They undulate lower and strike slightly and may be ^ not more than 20 feet of strata are seen. Then we come to a very large striking out at right angle from the land and dipping 5N to 7SW. It's a fluted somewhat liny sandstone with fucoids may this gained and flots pebble intrus, engl, some of which perforate an edge joint. These beds strike carried across the bay to the whole footery at N^ 20E. A little farther over lying and hidden in the sections there are thin folded and laminated fluted layers at least one of which has Arlides (see specimen). These layers are also cross-cracked explaining why there are intrusingle, jointedling and here. In all this grave is about 5 feet thick, and lies chiefly over the sandstone. At this place was found done a piece of li. full of Archaeocera thinae. Then 2 feet of thin folded liny sandstone with intrus, engl and then 3 feet of dense red mud clay. li, also quite intrus, the cngl. The latter look like Archaeospermum strata but saw none in flower. Then

August 19. Hawkes Bay, south shore continued. 4 fts of blue long shales followed by 14 fts of heavy hard laminated long sandstones. On one of the latter there are just the second lots of fossils. Then a deep bed of fine grained blueish arenaceous lie followed by a similar zone with Cryptogon. Then about 5 fts of laminated similar structure, followed by 15 fts more that is all that has Cryptogon, then fat once crossed semi-crystalline. Then a ridge of oxidized beds - 3 fts like before, 1/2 ft of joint shales, 1 1/2 of greenish shale, 3 fts of thin bedded arenaceous lie as before - about 9 fts topside. So this gave them some semi-oxidizing and intrusive crystalline. There may be from 10 to 20-ft more of our hard bluish to dove colored heavy headed lie. In the laminated beds we see semi-crystalline and near the top there is a thin 3 ft thick of red porous conglomerate. This takes us to the eastern side of Horse Island. As yet we have seen nowhere on the south shore any oxidized deformation. All goes in an undulatory way with dips that rarely rise to 50 or 6 degrees. Generally it is from 5 to 15 degrees. Therefore the entire thickness of L.C. along its south shore is not fresh. In a small cave, there is then an unusual infolding to the north of which appears at the foundation beneath a large calcareous line tied to the E of the Reef, once in fossiliferous Bedlmanthum dipping 20 S. 30 E. The Bedlmanthum is slightly cordiform has some intrusive crystalline and iron layers around it as the faults are common and the strata are lying at other angles lie by and chock together they are therefore hardly the basal Bedlmanthum, the line about the fault is lower than to the east. Horse Island lies to the west of the fault line and has Bedlmanthum on strike. The strike of the fault line we then returned for dinner to camp over the launched. at 1 p.m.

171 Aug 19. Harker Bay. South shore continues. It appears that one saw this morning about 107 fathoms additional Loran Cambrian. Yesterday I saw about 221 feet of strata. This makes a total of at least 313 ft. On the basis of areal distribution along the entire south shore of Harker Bay it seems probable that the true thickness is nearer 400 feet and it may be more. Of this thickness, about 70 percent is sandstone and 30 percent is li. arenacine limestone shale. Later we concluded to stick to the original estimate of about 313 feet. The south shore is everywhere where the native rocks are exposed polished and proved that run very due west, regardless of the slope. Above lies a thin covering of glacial clay with the Loxicera fauna collected at Parsons Pond. Glaciotini in test seen in these inland trading outlets and are the supposed original ruins by the retreating glaciation. Probably one of the non-marigatable forms are nothing more than small lakes, and do not owe their origin to glaciotini.

August 19, Harker Bay. North shore continued. In the afternoon we re-examined the north shore to make certain of the Lower Cambrian strata and their outcrop westward to the fault line. I collected fossils while Denton and Edwards traversed the north shore to near Horse Island. I am now certain that all of the strata to the east of the whole fault are Lower Cambrian, and that probably none of these strata are repeating on the south shore. The sequence of the lithology is different and the thicknesses of the various masses is also dissimilar. The fact that there is much seracactin, Cryptogams and interformula-trion corals cannot outweigh the different lithology and especially the fossils collected in this shore. The beds that have Olenellus on the south shore have their counterparts on the north shore but are not the same horizon. In all of the Cambrian strata one is impressed by the shallowness of the waters. Even the muddy and sandy lts, are either sero-cracked, knotty, pitted or have algaoid formations. When finer they are all the more certainly sero-cracked. Of dark-blue fine crystalline limestone I saw one large fossil free of Bacterellas (see specimen) but none and more seen in place. This bed was at least 6 feet thick, and its top was knotty. At our camp there are other thin and seemingly deep water lts, but as they are replete with 'button' algae they are seen to be not very deep water deposits. The great amount of sandstones and the muddy and sandy nature of all the deposits rule further herseal shallow water deposits.

August 19. Harkers Bay. North shore continued Dunbar's section and my on page 162 did not finish the section on the north shore for want of time. Today I saw here in addition to what is described there atms 120 feet of then bedded and laminated muddy li. They are irregularly bedded and in places distinctly buffy. There are also many zones of flat pettite interst, Engd. All together in the section one sees a little of a white heavy bedded quartzite. He did not go farther east as the craft seemed to expose no more rock. It is less than a half mile to the south of East River. To the above 120 feet must be added at least 214 feet of strata and 290 on page 174. (This means for the north shore 624 feet of argillaceous) described by Dunbar on pages 161-162. I mean this is not the true thickness, men, it is all that is in plain sight and was measured. Whatever the thickness all must be added to the strata of the south shore which is at least 313 feet and may be nearer 400 feet. The latter figure added to that seen along the north shore would give a thickness of at least 734 feet. Further all the strata seen up the river is at least 100 feet of sandstone but this might as much 200 feet, 60 feet of marl and 50 feet of dark sandy li. These at least 160 feet of strata seem to differ from those of both the north and south shores. Therefore we seem to have at least 884 feet of Lower Cambrian strata. See below. The Cambrian seen of Toronto river are the lowest, those of the south shore next, while those of the north shore are the youngest. On the 20th of August I concluded to take only of the Cambrian the 290 feet mentioned above. This leaves the seen L.C. thickness 944 feet. Another calculation makes it from 903-1065 mft adding the 63 feet of East River.

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doc.114

August 19. Hank's Bay, North-shore continued. To get the structure and sequence of the north shore into better harmony with the south shore denton and Edwards revised the forms, Denton's notes are as follows (They continue three days 160-162): "On the first part of the first cove west of Horse Island seem heavy tedded dark fluvial-pay dol. with many small circles of dol. Slip 6 N. 70 W. They strike nearly along shore for about 1/4 mile. Thickness about 75 ft. [These are of Beekmantown age, but no fossils were seen.] To the east is an unexploded interval of 300 yards, but the above dol. forms a bluff on the timbered shore in the first part of this distance not more than 100 yards. Where line of the faults] and there it is much fretted. [In a straight line across the strata the distance may be about 1/3 mile] The next exposure at a little point over a cove west of the whole factory is formed by heavy beds of dense fluvial-pay fine grained diolomitic li. standing in edge. Slip, 75 N. 70 W. This is mostly done about dol. weathering tuft-geller. Some of these show banding. Thickness exposed 290 ft. [This is undoubtedly the S.O. though not for sure because, the next fault line in the west of it over the Beekmantown] This trip is into there. The next exposure is 200 yards across the cove. Here the cove is fluvial grey dense and fine grained may. li. that weathering gell-wrink, in layers 3 to 15 moks thick. The beds are nearly all sin-cracked on the surfaces, and some are riffled. Introp. cogl. is ex- trémely common. Slip: 8 N. 50 W. These beds gently undulate or that we first descend through a thickness of 20 feet and then ascend again through the same to the whole factory, and then descend again at the same Thickness. From here on the same layers practically forms the crest for a mile or so to the bottom of the big cove. It undulates gently. The

August 19, Hankes Bay. North done continued. average dip is 4S.30E. to the try core, where it appears to swing around or the same layer continues to form the shore just the point at the east edge of the try core. Within the next 300 yards we go down through 10 feet of Cryptogon beds and 10-foot more of sandy li. with some harded layers near the base, but the basal 3 feet shown [To S. that is an argaceous li. and one or something] is leary redded red li. Here the dip abruptly changes to 30d. 20 W, but whether by a fault or sharp flexure cannot be seen. (= ? sometime) Downrun the same red line is exposed on both side of this line. Continuing down run in the section there's about 15 feet of reddist li. Then 10 feet of thin redded fluit li. with interbedded dark shales. Within 70 yards we come down through the above 10 feet of strata and then ascending to the red li. Within the next 70 yards, Here there's clearly shown a sharp anticline and the red li. plunges again to the southward. Then follow an unexplored interval of about 150 yards or where the leary redded quartzite is exposed, almost dipping 20 S.60 E., but within a few yards swinging to due E.

August 20 Tuesday. Harkers Bay, North Shore. The weather is fine and clear but the wind of yesterday has not let fall down and we cannot go either to the north or south. Duncan goes along the south shore of Harkers Bay to see what is coming Sunday and to learn if there beds are there he can on Sunday early camp at Torrent River. I remained in camp writing up notes and tracing maps. In the afternoon I go over to the whole facies of North Shore. Just to the west of the facies there are then laminated arenaceous fluvial deposits forms, these give the near horizontal & Campanian horz. a full breadth is a Cryptogon layer with the leads in the pipe form. Between one above the other, and the leads is edging conglomerate evident a new created layer dried as flat thin pellets (our specimen) out and the crushed together into the hollows between the heads of Cryptogon. There are three of these Crypt. layers is a thickness of 3 feet and all have our created layers between and interf. crypt. Associated with this zone then a series of beds of orbitis with their muddy superposed interiors, and even heads of Cryptogon. In the orbits we scattered pellets of arenaceous beds. Our forms of any kind are to be seen and certainly our large portions of these in Beckmantom, which it is not. It's better placed in the Lower Cambrian. I then focused on the 290 feet of debatable beds into the near horizontal lying limits. They show much diagenetic change, while areas being full of dolomite crystalline out-crofts and the intermediate dolomite been disturbed by the chemical changes. In many places there also small greenwork chert excursions. The strata are all very hard bedded, in fact we sees but little bedding planes. Of fossils I see none yet the bedding plans have the pseudoidal out-crofts or often seen in the Beckmantom.

177 August 20. Harkers Bay. On the shore. In general the lithology is that of the earlier Bedlamerton. There is nothing like it in the Cambria of Harkers Bay. The 290 foot next north of the main fault is lithologically linked with the Bedlamerton. It is a series of dark bedded slates mottled (like Bedlamerton) dark There are also SS. beds. and light blue-grey dolomites very fine grained. Some gives those diagnostic changes, like the northern Bedlamerton. In places there are small beds of Arl. The striking feature is however the abundance of black clays sometimes in thickest near the shale gns, 1 1/2 foot thick, in regular beds and in elongated lenses. Other gns are laminate. Dr at least one bed there are Crytofron rather in the way- bedded manner than in distinct beds. Finally however a few thin thurst scale parting from 4 to 72 inches thick, I would place these beds in the latter. To the east of this drun is then the main fault. East of it all is Leron Cambrian. See map appended to pages 171-175. Duntan saw in the "hutton" li. today a part of much of the thorax of an Olenellus. This was on the east shore of Harkers Bay near East Pier. Duntan and Edwards spent the afternoon exploring for 5 miles on the Admirelsy map it is 3 1/2 miles as the crow flies. of East Pier. They saw the Li C. ards mainly of the type shown in the south line of Harkers Bay. They noted pavments of Olenellus in the sandstone and several large loose blocks of Daltorville. Eri- dwell the latter are exceedingly common to the east of Harkers Bay,

178 August 20, Hankes Bay, Dumfries co. nts. In the forenoon Clenlar walked a short distance along the south shore of Hankes Bay to see if any of these sandstones are like those seen of Tonewt River. He concluded that they are not the same. Then he walked north of camp along the east shore for a half mile and saw my button li. he estimate the thickness to be between 10 and 15 feet. This li goes to the further northeast point of the bay where it is dipping 2 N, 75 W. " The intervening distance of 3/8 miles to the south of East River b^ lows and sandy shore north of a small exposure of impure then bedded and fractured sandstone of which the dip is very slight. At the nine o'clock occurs light-gray quartzite in beds 2 to 12 inches thick dipping 2 N, 70 W. Within a few yards the beds are horizontal and then dip slightly in the opposite direction. The extent of the nine for near 5 miles. The strata gently undulate with lar dips first one way and then the opposite so that one sees the same strata several times. The total section seen is as follows:- 5 fully white quartzite 10 thin bedded impure and purty sandstone 6 sandy ss, much nippel 4 red ss. in layers 6 inches to 1 foot thick 3 greenish gray ss. 20 White quartzite 5 shale interbedded with thin bedded ss. 10 white quartzite, some bedded and nippel

179 August 20 Hankes Bay. Dentars nts. A total of 63 feet above the bottom li. There is probably a small thickness of strata beneath the lowest quartzite and above the "bottom" layers in the interval between the east of the river mouth which was very broad. This section falls into the one measured on Monday from camp along the south shore but is entirely different from what we saw on Forest River. This confirms my belief that the Forest River section was below the "bottom" layers, All of these Beardmoretown strata are older than those of Keppel Island, partly Middle B.

180 August 21 - 1918 Wednesday, Port Saunders. See with page 180. doc. 114 Dip turns Point Dick. About 20° Chaffault line Redman tour seen 176 fath. Tor Hill Point Port Saunders Keppel Isl. To Le teller, mr. I saw considerable formation on the mountain, up the gorgeous I saw me ready through for long and about four miles wide at the mouth; the living chamber was, 8 inches in length.

179 August 20 Hank's Bay. Dentars nts.

August 21-1918 Wednesday. Port Saunders. The wind this morning is from the NW, and are can for to Port Saunders. We take camp, and at 9:40 we are on our way down Hawks Bay to Port Saunders. At the latter place we arrived at 11 A.M. Distance 8 miles. From our camp in a straight line to the whole factory the distance is 2 miles and to House Island it is 4 1/4 miles. At Port Saunders are rent a dirty empty dress as the wind is high and there no sheltered camping place. Sent the following telegram "J. St. Lenge and Sons, Flaxies Croc. Please return by next steamer my barrel of gasoline to Harry House, Port Saunders. Forward charges." C. Johnson, In the afternoon are collected around to the northeast towards Bayamelle Croc. At first we are on the Beefmantum, apparently in the Upper B., a few no joints that could be identified. At first the Beefmantum was very horizontal and then it became much deformed and brecciated indicating a fault. The Chazy is let down to the east, Lumps. At the next two joints north of the faults are one of the Chazy dipping about 20° towards Point Ried. Here the usual Chazy fossils are to be seen but many are one too much fractured to tell me. I saw considerable Stromatocrinium. Of Agjrocera I saw one nearly thru foot long and about it inches wide at the mouth; the living chamber was 8 inches in length.

181 August 22-1918 Thursday. Pot laundus, A fair ointy warm morning, wind in land from west and one mile round for another day. August 23-1918 Friday. Pot laundus. William Lemiere said that the weather usually changes on Friday and that partly one could go south. Slog, This morning is in right and the wind from the land near. We are up early and are off at 8:05 for Sarafamil to get our mail. We got to the place at 8:05. It is fortunate that we called before I got Boston's registered letter with the check for $20 dollars. We turned south at 9:40 A.M. At 1:40 we are opposite Totle Head, and 6:40 we are again at Carr Head. In passing Portland Head I again took a good look at it and concluded that the rock in it must be either dolomite and if Beal mountain age like that of the Arches, or of the Carr Head Cr. ometite. The front fault face of the head seems to be in line with the strike of the Arches. The north canister of sandstone for elsewhere these archs do not make cliffs and only appear in the reef as a rule (Ref: 130-131). Parson Pond Head is probably Carr Head strikes and appears to stand in line with the second or minor fault of Lora Head. See page 117 and map.

August 24, 1918, Saturday. Cow Head. Our hopes that the mild weather of last evening would continue at least until noon of today began to shatter by midnight and by 3 a.m. another pale rain with come again. All expectations of going ahead is gone for this day and there are those who think we are bound here for 3 tot days. Lets see what will happen. Evidently September has much stronger winds than like July in August. We will always remember Cow Head as the windy place and when a pile of logs was on our camping ground we ready to build wind huts. On both occasion we or used those logs to keep our tent from flying away and from snapping itself to pieces.

August 25-1918, Sunday Bonre Bay. Lemire told us last night the prepared at any hour of the night to make camp. I therefore went to bed with my boots on but he did not care during the night and I had concluded that another day had the boat in eddren at Cow Head. So at 6.30 this morning he called us and told us to hurry. By 7 we had to start down and all the logs tied again in the pile. O' Rombe had breakfast ready at 7, and at 8 in a very light wind were off for Bonre Bay. The sea was fairly calm and the sun shone through a haze so that it was good going southward. There was no wind to encounter much all day. We got to Bonre Bay at 1.45 P.M., and at 3.30 far up towards the head of East Arm after Duncan and Edwards ascended the Cambrian mountain side to look for the bottom of the Cambrian and contact with the Postergnic, The latter appears to be present very close to the mouth of the Cambrian and to make up into Bonre. The trip to the top of the mountain (2100 a.m.) resulted in a good mine because of the clear day but so far as determining the rocks beneath the Cambrian there was no result. Duncan says the southern slope is all eroded and the descent very steep. What could be seen in the distance was long inclined more than side, leading to the area that such flat surfaces must have been hidden by folded arcs and therefore Postergnic sheets.

August 26, 1918, Monday, Bonne Bay. We started out this morning on Cambria as the tide was out but it soon turned out that one could get very little. We got no crystals and one fair Olenellus head. Of Olenellus one sees many fragments but anything of value is extremely rare. One single large mass seen full of Olenellus about 3 feet long. We then started to examine the shore through the Head of East Arm and along from into East Bay we saw nothing other than Laron Cambria. In the main the strata consist of thin and thick white and pink quartzite with an occasional gore of coarse and fine conglomeratic sandstone, the main fault the remainder is a blue shale with thin sandy gore giving the schistose shales a banded character. Of limestone there is extremely little and other fossils it is in this beds. Out in the water looking back at the high Cambrian range one sees that the strata are in anticlines and synclines, northeast of camp across the head of the Arm the long mountain is an anticline while our camp lies in a syncline. We came to the northward making the high mountains just now of the water from our mile. This fact should be carefully remembered to see if there is any repetition in our section as determined 8 years ago. The L.C. strata [illegible] at the entrance to West Bay have a dip of 325, 30 E. They strike across the bay and dip a little inside of the Beach where the B.H. & down-blue-gaffing point determine mine outcrops, and same excellent they shale mountain making the peninsula lying between East and West Bays. If we fault lies between them the Beach mountain determines next directly upon the pink L.C. sandstone. There may be, however, a fault.

185 August 26. Bonnie Bay, Between the two ridges of East Arm, a fact supporting this view is the high tilted nature of the Breadman town of the Shirey East Arm. On the other hand this disturbance may be due to the cause--the injection of the past faultlets of divide and other if- near well. I am inclined to believe that the Breadmantown delimits not directly on the L.C. contains any sandstone base. In the afternoon Dentan and Edwards climbed of the high Cambrian mountain to the northwest of "Conspicuous Peak" having a height of 2050 feet, this just to the south of the north- from canonville in Mill Brook. Here the Cambrian is under- lain by the Portugue series, like a shale series of great thickness that bears Salterella like forms but with a greater apical angle, of marine fossils and therefore of considerable significance. This is a surprising discovery, and the thing should be described as Duntarilla. This note of the afternoon are as follows: "The south side of East Arm of Bonne Bay is formed of Cambrian shales which rise at a steep angle into a mountain ridge reaching a height of 2050 to 2100 feet and paralleling the shore of the bay. The ridge is divided into 2 mountains by Mill Brook which cuts across it in a deep canyon rapidly flowing southward as it emerges down from the hilllands, entering across the middle part of the Arm." Dentan then describes the Hygrograph. "Back of the Cambrian is a feet thickness of Portugue sandy shale, which are well exposed in a main stream divides that rises

August 26. Bonne Bay. 196 Inland for about one mile from the crest of the mountain we climbed, in a direction N. 30 E., paralleling Mill Creek and forming its cliffed valley wall. The Cambrian strata dip 20 S. 45 W. A thickness of not less than 400 feet of cleanly scratched white and pinkish quartz- ite forms the crest of the mountain, and below there is an additional thickness of 80 feet of interbedded sandy shale, thin bedded sandstone and quartzite. These Cambrian strata occupy a width of about 480 yards measured from the base of the drift where the steep descent begins cross the strike northwards to the contact with the Portuogies. The upper contact with the Portugesis is not exposed but a short distance beyond the lowest Cambrian quartzite seen we come upon friable, sandy, clayey gray shale dipping 50 N. 45 E., and this dip continues through a part thickness of the same kind of strata so that the Cambrium must lie upon it with a high angle of unconformity. The width across this Port. sandy shale is a mile along the edge of the cliff in a direction N. 30 E. which is equivalent to run 4800 feet across the strike (N. 45 E.). In this distance there is an almost continuous exposure and the dip remains uniform, without marking a tendency, and the lithology is fairly uniform throughout. At 20 degrees this would give a thickness of run 3700 feet of Portuogies' sandy shale. In the whole section there is no quartzite or solid sandstone layers, norli, and it could not by any similarity be a repetition of the Cambrium. "About 3/4 the distance across this axis, i.e. strike for the way to its to find my first Portuogies' fossils." See page 189 for more.

187 August 27-1918. Tuesday. Bonne Bay. It was decided last night that we would go after midnight to Middle Arm at about 2 A.M. before any wind would arise. Lemire awoke us out from sleep at 12:30 and we had something to eat. Then we broke camp and at 1:30 we were off and away. However there was some lightning at the time with evidence of a rain. We went once for nearly two hours when it began to rain and to blow from (the southwest) we turned in until about 4:30 when it was decided that we had better return to Bonne Bay where we arrived at 6:30 A.M. We got as far south as Toad River when we turned around. It is the rainy and windy days. At 8:30 we went up a hotel at the home of Mr. Billings where we stay for the day. Awkward notes continued from p.152. "To the east along the strike the same only beds is occupied by a broad rounded valley paralleling the Mts. We climbed Sunday afternoon. The next Mt beyond this valley is composed of rock which as we look over across the valley with the telescope looks jointed in sets and all the exposures show rectangular blocks and faces strongly suggesting bedded rock, and we believe it to be the Portuguese mantles". [As present it is improper to say whether these Mt. chole, spanent the middle or lower ochists of the Hunter Arm.]

189 August 28, 1918, Wednesday. Middle Arm. Lemire called us at 12.30 A.M., because there is a quiet moonlight night. At 1 A.M. we are off for O'Rourke's camp in Middle Arm. The track progressed well and there was little sea to buck up against. Consequently we made a quick run and got to our destination in 6 1/2 hours or at 7.30 A.M. Duncan and Evans will go aft to near the head of the Arm and study the supposed Lower Cambrian section that comes in above the Portergric while I will work for fossil on the north-western shore of the Arm opposite to O'Rourke's camp. Here the strata consist of thin bedded light gray sandstone, and impure limestone interbedded with dark blue or greenish to black shales. Every now and then (in reality there are many of them) a zone of intraformational li. congl from a few inches up to 5 feet thick occurs. In them the pebbles are as a rule flat, from 1/4 inch to 1 inch or once thicker and in length up to 3 feet. There are also small well rounded li. pebbles, all are subrounded to rounded. In many cases, the matrix of the pebbles are not fully consolidated when one's together, and all of the pebbles, one of the same materials one sees in the formation, viz that they have their three long axes. With them one does share pebbles. Many of the sandstone and limestone shows own-cracking that is not very decided. These strata are much folded and marked. Interbedded with the above are thin zones of dark shales usually flint-black and these in places also have intra congl. of li. In one place for over 10 inch, li. congl. in a thickness of 3-5

189a August 28-1918. Middle Arm. fully shale, premit and Hoale. The engl. maybe continues for some distance and in thickness up to 24 feet, all of Horperts. Even the shales have clermintuous gone, if these impure li. better. The shellman of the sea afforded by engl. smelling about the ones other lay. Identified all morning faithfully and all I found was in the same (same limestone classus. They often tiny lingulids are greatly in going stages and not crustacean shells. A single Haussgrafius was found. Otherwise one sees not even facing no trading. It was almost a lifeless shells sea bottom that I'm now exposed to the atmosphere. I am now satisfied that this series of thimbedded strata delays in the Parieputal series and is another local phase of this very variable formation. Eagle Dolamel further over and in part 1 Middle Arm has deep red strata and there are also evidence of the presence here of the Parieputal series. I now see no evidence that these strata are of Upper Cambrian age as I supposed might be the case when I first saw them a small age. The thimbedded series appears not to be thicker than four hundred feet. Including the shale goes probably 200 out one can them 200 foot of strata. It's an often folded and unmarked series. Duncan found that the strata in the upper part of Grivale Arm are also of the Parieputal series. Therefore the surface rocks here are almost they are in the Humber Arm. To more on must hope.

August 28-1918 Middle Arm. He left O' Rourke's camp at 3.30 and started for Carling where one hope to finish packing all our boxes and camp things tomorrow as we like ready to go home on Friday. The weather has been fine all day and we have a splendid trip to Carling where we arrive at 6 P.M. Just as I go into supper who showed just me but Doctor Tyrell. He then talked on things and he proposed a little side trip into North Arm where a metereolite is reported on the top of the mountain. Did not care to go but as Alentan and Edwards were willing and as we could get Lemire and O'Rourke too, laterwise they propose to make the trip tomorrow and be back on Saturday. I shall remain at Carling until they return. As we go out of Middle Arm we see that both shores have the same thin bedded sometime limestone series studied in the morning. These strike eastwise around Black Head and shift to the southward at Middle Arm Point a thick mass of greenish sandstone appears. Farther south all the way into Alentan arm the Parigatal series consists rather of a shale series though there are zones with thin bedded sandstone and heavy bedded greenish sandstone. I also saw two thin zones of red shales but neither of these are the equivalent of those seen to the east of Carling. Brook Island also is all of the Parigatal series. I am also now convinced, due to one morning error, that the so-called 'Totte Head Series' of Coral Arm is the equivalent of what we saw this morning.

.191 August 28-1918. Middle Arm. Doctor Tynnell tells me that on Middle Point of the Patam Patamun, in the western side about one mile southerly of Dead Point that was drilled about 30 years ago nine holes down to a depth of about 1200 ft. Last year Tynnell found 8 of the pipes full of oil. The statement was made to Tynnell that an English Co. spent here more than $100,000, had a good deal of cracking at the place and a large tank for oil. The tank is said to have been filled with oil but I do not believe it. Doctor Tynnell investigated the place but found no strata exposed where the oil wells are but a little to the south on the west side he saw crumpled thin bedded layers with free shales. These are also common and they are described on page 59, at the wells the drift thrown out consisted of grey and red shales and at 1200 feet down they must therefore be in the Devonian Series. Quartas notes for the morning are as follows:- "Beginning on the south side of Middle Arm at a point S.20 W from the foot of Penguin Head. The lower the Portuguese arg, li., is standing on edge, & his fault hinge in contact with the Portuguese at his series of black slate and dark grey ss. Standing critically and striking S.15- W. The section is as follows:- (a) 90' Black shale, much cracked. (b) Ruddy orange grained dark-greenish grey ss. also cracked.

August 28-1918. Middle Arm 20' Black slaty shale, vertical, striking S 13W. 16 Dark gray sandy ss. 12½ Black slaty shale 10' Hard greenish gray sandy ss. 5½ Black shale partly exposed. 5" ss. like that above. 30' Black sandy shale and slate 58½ Dark greenish gray ss. like above, in heavy beds the weather. 16½ Black slaty shale, at various places becoming sandy. 18½ ss. like that above. 27' Black shale 48" ss. sandy shale and shale 120' Half dark greenish-gray ss. Considerably marked. 50' Shale partly exposed 220½ Dark greenish gray to black shale ss. in heavy beds that weather them and shale. The dip here is N 30 E. Layers remain practically constant thus far, and the beds are all practically vertical and while somewhat curved and that fault with crevices calcite there is no folding or duplication. (2) 3½0' Black shale and sandy shale with are 3/17th bed of ss. which is cryptocrystic, the latter being as layers peac and consisting of quartz and flattened pieces of black sandy shale in limestone.

193. August 28-1918. Middle Arm. "This brings us to the first at the east edge of Broad acre and the strike of the above beds hits the shale again about ½ mile further. In the intermediate distance the shale is seen to be considerably disturbed and crushed. Continuing the section from a rocky point. So' Heavy bedded grey quartzitic ss, dipping 60° due east. The ss, though dense and hard is small broken and disturbed. It's appearing repeated by faulting in the next two points a hundred yards or so apart. In the first of these points it dips 30° due W, and in the next 62° due W. At this last point which is a prominent outcrop th' lower 10' of the quartzite is cryptocrystic. The angle downward is broken by lenses of finer grained ss. The pebbles in the crypt. are of tour kinds, about half of them are of clear and white quartz and are well rounded to over-rounded and range in size from ½ to 1¼ inches in diameter, the average being a little larger than peas. Mr. fell. spars could be seen. On the other hand there is a relief of pebbles of rock gravel including clay sandy li. and flake li. of which some of the latter are fully of fowls. These pebbles tend to be flattened and subrounded to angular and while the average size is about ½ to ¾ inches across by ¼ thick they range up to 2 or 3 inches across. In the crypt. layers the pebbles make up nearly the whole, the material of sand being of small amount. This bed of ss. is dense and quartzitic of premium properties but scattering reddish brown on some of the surfaces. [The section is continued on page 196]

August 29-1918. Thursday. Curling, Dear Tyrell and Denton with the boat off for North Arm. They got away at 11 A.M. Then cashed my check on the Montreal Bank for $700 and returned to the hotel. Packed boxes all afternoon, paid Thorne and Lilly and then had a hair cut. One of the finest days this year in eastern Newfoundland. A bit cloud in the sky and but a light wind. August 30-1918. Friday. Curling A dull morning with some rain. Packed the remaining boxes, one 16 in number; shipped them via the Reid Newfoundland and Railway in the afternoon. The mining engineer for the Reid N. C. is again back to Parsons Shutes. He tells me that at South Branch de has located a bed of coal 23 feet thick, 13 feet of which is good coal a semi-anthracite. He has traced it for 1000 feet along the strike. The bed is over a great northward fault, close by he has located other coal beds 4 and 6 feet thick. If these beds are actually in the Brinks or they are the thickest coals of this age in N. America. What is the thickness of the coals above the Calciferous in England?

1905 August 31-1918 Saturday, Curling. Rested today. Tyrell, Denton and Edwards turned up with the boat at 6 P.M. They climbed the mountain in North Arm that time to find the meteorite but another good sight spot. Then I had a long talk with Tyneel about the cost of the trip. He agreed that Edward pay Edwards at the rate of $75 per month and Denton at $100. Also that I charge him with $100 to pay for the extras of my publication when it is out as far a town hence. He also added that any he be could help towards paying some of the cost of my publication, and that if I got into trouble over it to let him know. But I had better be independent of him in this matter. Lemons is to store the boat for Tyneel and to put it back again in the water after wanted for $30. Tyneel will pay this cost and as well Mr. Thorne for the provision purchased for the meteorite trip during the past three days. Tyneel gave me an account of $100 in cash, handed him from me. In 3 to 4 weeks he would be home and then I will pay my fee. 5th tickets Curling to Boston each $39.12 and checked on baggage, 5 packages through to Boston. Also my big suitcase.

196 August 28-1918 Middle Arm, Cont. from p. 193 [Section continued from page 193] 10' Dark greenish-grey shale vs., in lens has cretaceous clay. 12' Quartzite like that above. 5' Dark shaly dark feldspar s. 40' Greenish-grey quartzite s. Here there is a dome and beyond it the dip swings to about due south. This brings us to the edge of the Baradawng Gneiss where the strike is about along shore to where the shore trends sharply north again. From this point and around about 1/2 mile to the next point is a big cliff formed of black shale almost excluding in which the schistosity is stronger than the bedding. The latter can't be detected in places, when it shows that the shale is also folded and masked. Baradawng Gneiss

197 August 29 - 1918. North Arm. Duntars outcrops are as follows:- Campied at a Herring Factory in the more gaur northern of the by Tates slope about 1/2 mile from the head of the arm on the north chine. Duntar and Edwards climbed the mountain that afternoon, and got the next day in a fog and rain Saturday (31) morning. Tyrrell over of but met me on the 30th. As we climbed up the mountain one more in a heavy Talus up to an altitude of about 600 feet, where one came to a nearly vertical face of bedded sediments about 20 feet high. These beds are much attuned to a mica-schist(?) and they dip at an angle of 25° or so into the mountain beneath the cliver gather of which they form the floor. The relations here shown in the east grade of the valley are as follows:- [Drawing] Dr. Tyrrell suggests that if the igneous material lies upon the sediments it cannot be the cause of their warping and disturbance. He believes the injection may be a result of the deformation rather than the cause. The highlands to the north of North Arm are made of the Cliver gather over-lift which rise in a step fold ocaps the highland or nearly flat table-land which has an elevation of about 2000 feet and is part of the old foreplain

198 August 29-1918. North Arm. "The lower part of the scarp on the east side along the north shore of the arm is primarily sandstone and shale of the Variegated Series. This forms thick limestone cliffs contrasting sharply with the barren slopes of the father. We climbed up the canyon from the cave about 1 1/2 miles from the head of the arm, and here the sediments forming the floor of the lacustrine extends to a height of 600 feet, and in a distance of 1/2 mile or so to the west where, the contact rises higher reaching over 1000 feet. Here I think the sediments were floating upon the father but the contact gradually comes down to the sea level at Padd Point. From here to Stone Bank the whole scarp is of father. To the east of the mouth of this branch the sediment can't be seen again, flanking over and distinctly lying upon the father through further back from where the barren hill tops are made of father. Between however the evidence that the father mass is in the form for particular lacustrine, having a floor of sediments, crustal rock and having once had a covering of the same. Much of the father is coarsely crystalline, the stromic crystals being larger than usual, so that the magma must have cooled slowly and at some considerable depth, the warming being probably been some thousands of feet thick."

199 September 1-1918. Sunday Curling. We were to start for home at 10.30 A.M., but the usual late train did not arrive until 1 P.M. The day is dark, but it did not rain until later in the afternoon. We got to Port-au-Prince at 8.30 and in a few minutes more we were aboard the steamer. At 9.30 it started for North Sydney in a foggy night far too thick to cope with. Our two small men of war crew by her evident Mr. W. was once recently seen due. He had a slate come to himself, but I profited for eventualities and what to find my clothes on. The life preservers were written and laid handy for every man.

200 September 2-1918 Monday, Arrived at Arthur happened Tom glad to write and we arrived safe at both going at 6:30 A.M. Had a light headache ahead and at 7:30 we were off for Tumor where we arrived at 4:40 P.M. Had dinner in the tram and supper at the Stanley House at Tumor. Left Tumor at 10:20 P.M. St. John where we met arrive at 5:45 A.M. September 3-1918. En route in Canada Arrived at Boston at 9:10 P.M. Stopping at Adams House. Sep. 4-1918 Left Bostm at noon and got to New Haven at 5 P.M.

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220- Received Dr. Tynell August 31 - $100.00 Expense Account. 937 03 August 8 Paid Mr. Pairs at Parsons Pond for the use of his launch and himself in the day. 3.60 9 Paid Mr. Blandant for use of norms at Parsons Pond 5.00 10 Room rent at Daniels Harbour 1.00 10 Save W. Lemire for incidentals 10.00 8 " " Charge of Pair's fee 2.00 " 10 Save Edwards on account in his using 1.20 " 15 Advanced Edwards on account 5.00 " 21 Telegram to Pinos Serge and Jons Flormes 33 " 23 W. Lemire for incidentals 3.00 " 25 " " 1.60 " 27 Brand at Bonne Bay in five men (one day) " 29 Paid J.T. Thorne balance on camp supplies 53.39 " 29 Paid Bill, Lilly balance on it 37.09 30 Export Potting in 16 trees 1.00 " 31 Paid W. Lemire for 42 days & 3 126.00 " 31 " a present to Lemire 10.00 " 31 " for incidentals of trip (outfit) 20.00 Def. 25 " 31 " James O. Proude for 42 days & 2.50 105.00 " 31 " " " a present 5.00 " 31 A.R. Canting to Boston 3 of $39.50 118.65 " 31 Paid freight in boxes to Sydney (outfit) 3.78 " 31 Save W.O. Edwards on account 10.00 1469.05 7/3

226 1469 07 Sep. 1 Parsona Hotel fn gdup @ 2 14 00 " 1 R. Lemoine fn incidents 49.93 [Ledge 220] Take of here what I paid him before. " 1 3 dinner on cars, Newfd. 4 08 " 1 3 supper eat 2 10 " 2 3 breakfast m train 7 15 " 2 3 dinners m train 6 10 " 2 2 suppers at Hardy Horse Trainer 2 25 " 2 [illegible] Tower to St. John fn 3 4 75 " 3 3 breakfast at St. John 1 50 " 3 3 lunches at Bangor 2 25 " 3 3 suppers on train 2 00 " 3 Transp of baggage at Boston 3 68 " 4 3 Breakfast at Adams House 2 21- " 4 Exchange m C. money $148.50 @ 37½ 3 33 " 4 Save C.O. Clutter manumt 5 400 " 4 " R.J. Edwards " 5 000 " 4 Room fn 3 at Adams House 6 00 " 4 Lunch at Boston 1 50 " 4 3 R.R. Boston to N.H. @ 5.09 15 27 ---------------------------------------------------- 1644 02 Jnoe Edwards 110 00 Jnoe Clutter 281 00 Cost of trip: $1918.16 + 2035 02 Claimed to Service

227. Boxes Box 11 Chagy material fm Crow Head and moists at Stearny Island and Larru Head. Also some Phyllogeptus. Box 12 Material from Parsons Pond. 13 Material from Tattle Head 14 " " " " and Potan choy, also Harkts Bay. 15 Harkts Bay material, 16 Odds and ends of last few days.

"K&T" 8680 C. M. Jack Halifax Merchant of Fertilizer May over lunch Information from Lemoire.