Field Notebook: Georgia, Virginia, West Virginia 1902

doc.85 Southern trip of 1902 Lour Leonie etc Virginia, West Virginia to Rome Georgia.

[illegible] 9 23/3 1 226 17/1

doc. 85 Property of Charles Schuchert U. S. National Museum Washington, D. C.

Told Stages that my address would be Covington to about Sep. 15. Then Pearisburg (eu if I had better instruct in Radford) about 18 to 20 Sep.

Washington to Augusta Springs Sep. 7 - 1902. Sunday. Left on the C & O. R. R. at 2 P. M. and arrived at Augusta Springs at 7.25. P.M. Coming towards Charlottesville one begins to see the Blue Ridge and the villages is to the east of the first range. From here to near Basic City the railroad passes through the Blue Ridges. There are several of these and the topography is rugged and the lines not so even as those of the Appalachian to the west. At Basic City there is round chest and I surmise there are good outcrops here of Reellmantown. These chests extend for a half mile E. of the station. Approaching Buffalo Gap the view runs rapidly through this pretty but

"wild gap. Here are good exposures of the Hartenstein, Massanutten and Romney. The road then remains in the latter to Augusta Springs. Sep 8 Augusta Springs. This is the place called in the Hantestm file? Pond Gap. Started through the gap on the rope road. One sees plenty of Ouslanry erractics and ore are along the road along the western side. About 1/2 way up to the right are the abandoned iron mines of Esteline.. Have some scrapers. Neither here or anywhere along the road did I see evidence of field. Certainly if there is limestone in here and 200 a mine put thick one should find erractics of it, but there is nothing but Ouslanry and Massanutten sand- stone. Above the Esteline ore mines there is the Romney shale along the road for some distance. Have a fine forest. Oatm

one mile along here a fault with Romney on one side and Martinsburg on the other. Nothing of the latter is to be seen here any the road all is Hamilton, then higher up the road much comes in Moscoanuttles the Ortany are again and about 1/2 mile farther E. beyond a spray crossing the road the Char- terbury. Just quite in the highest beds I saw Trinucleus concentricus, Syng- -pire modesta, Plectambonites sericeus, Rafines- quina alternata (small sp.), Dalmanella testu dinaria. This seems to indicate Utica – & a – These fossils occur Ostreophengula living below these productive beds the Martinsburg beds are sandy shale. Solid not go down to the mountain base on the E side. In the Hamilton near Astrocrada, Stylosina fisurella?apidruptus carinatus, Michelinia (by cells about 4 across & smaller) one outside.) Phacops and a Dalmanites with a denticulate head shield. Further of

On coming down the Mt. and near the station (Cuyahoga Springs) the grad beneath a house, crosses (a part of Brown Ridge) the apex of a low arch dipping under to the Ch-E. At the apex are shown for fifty feet of heavy bedded Massanutten sandstone followed by a few feet of thin beds and then some heavy beds. A short distance towards the station and still in the same formation, from some Leperditia which may be the Orictina L. cae- corona (These seem to be lower than the Clinton of Buffuto Shelf section). Just a little to the Ch-E of the station along the railroad there is a cut which first appears to be in the Richwoods (our air fossils here) then after an interruption come in heavy beds of crippled sandstone and lime, but gone above I solid limestone filled with crinoid stems and segments. Some of these are 3 feet in diameter and one of Ostracions. Saw also Rhyn- choceras transversum, P. onutilus, but nothing else though the rock is rounded and crinoidal (one this appears to be this Cragans design for both the System's matter.) Before these beds is a silicious

"whole without a trace of forms other than ? [illegible] (may be higher Cresmans) ? [illegible]. Another interruption and the unpridifurum sandy shales and shale sandstone which may be the Ostracans. The thickness appears to be one foot and the beds are Romney shales oval twisted. Then follows stone other of [then twisted] the Jockey block shales, making to a pinkish- gelling. Hotel Back of the Patterson house, at which I am staying can be seen what appears to be the [illegible] and Coggmans or part of the a [x] Lewis'own formation. Above a portion of the summer house, I have seen the same heavy beds of limestone as in the railroad cut with crimsoned matter followed downward by deep blue beds really cement lods. I then saw a few Leporidites ? or species much smaller than L. altus. The design seems to be [x] the upper Marlins, or some Coggmans.

"Sep 9-1902 Augusta Springs. Rain during the night and most of the day. In the morning walked D-D along the track to Portland and saw the first cement mills. Along the track saw small Lewiston and collected some [illegible] Superdita. A large Portland cement quarry are in the Marlins and Lower Cregmans. Stray to say they use the fruit farms Cregmans and reject the dark blue beds of the upper Marlins. It looks here as if the New Bedford & Newport are also present. The Orestany is also fruitful. the gently or but saw nothing of value. In the afternoon walked to Farrel but did not go far enough to see the Orestany quarry. I was impressed today while at Portland that the farther we get east of the old shore line in Lower North Fork, that there disappear the Oreoth. becomes fruitful, are the beds, where becomes a lewistunes. This distance.

in a straight line is not more than 3 1/2 miles and originally before folding may not have exceeded 6 to 7 miles. The formations are also thicker and I think lower beds of the field came in. This phenomenon will become more apparent as my next percent and will be of great value in determining the events of the Cumbland Basin.

Sep. 10-1902 Bells Valley Va. After crossing Blazer Oak Ridge and taking the above little creek down to the top of the hill in the ~ curve in the road the Orviary cuts out in the bend. (Made up by Quntm here it not on his map.) gps circle on the map. Here occur sections of Hemi- fur either of I. cumbalanciæ or I. intermedius. Immediately under the Orviary (contact not shown) or occurs a great thickness of limestone. The upper ammonius limestone yields Spirifer concinnus E. singularis Cmed [Quirk sp.] E. mediolis, Orthothela orlworthanus, R. Plateu, Lep. fibellitus (small), Penn. equivalvis (small on I) P. mutabilis) very large L. chevri dialis. This appears to be the Reedcroft singular limestone with chert bands and jne. Probably less than 20 feet helps occur Echino- crinus pocilliformis, Strigtiloma rectum Oj. concinnus and I. psalammellarus. Three foot down saw P. macropleura. Could not make a good estimate of the entire thickness above the bed but it cannot exceed 25-30 feet. From here down (to portage) Orthothela (presumably) to the horizon and Cogmans [illegible] I don't think

cannot more than 75 feet, without there more pure limestone continue downward into the Cronidul limestone holding the Creigmens fauna Collected from this deep-fenced limestone. Between the latter and the more pure limestone then may be interpose 20 feet of gritty limestone and then 20 feet of the cronidul limestone. The latter rests with a marked lithologic break upon heavy bedded coarse sand- stone shown where the two roads come together Little Smith All of this should provide the at cross creek Creigmens (See if this is true). a unconformity here shown on the sandstone layers. There in here no shale and thus far near Redwood. The Marlius rests directly upon the Massanutten. There is no reason to infer that this quartzite represents the Redwood since it looks just like the Massanutten, at Augusta Spring these upper layers are more weathered but otherwise are alike and here also the Lepuditra layers rest upon the Massanutten.

(label) Just how thick this sandstone is, you cannot determine along the crest of streams in several hundred feet are exposed and here commonly (probably) the same occurrence as at Buffalo Gap, I hidded limestone. The def is very low probably not Omanabulter more than 100. These then rest on the white quartzite. Where the limestone rests on the sand- stone the former of first partakes of the latter but some becomes pure limestone which under the weather is settling. Some of the lower beds are crystalline and have like the Manlius an abundance of Maricecious stems. It (?about 200 feet). is 220 of very regular steps back to the tase of the sandstone just beneath the Croymans li. This sandy zone is not over 10 feet thick as the comes in more crystalline limestone. which merges into the dark blue impure li. The crystalline li. is here jointed just the opposite of if (close like can be held) the hidden and its thickness is not less than This entire formation may be much less sandy. 20 to 30 feet. I claim gives the thickness of the entire limestone as 400 feet.

Continuing up the creek, the Monanutilus sand. stone maintains the same dip as the Leestrome or there cannot be a structural unconformity. The top of the arch is flat and is seen near the center of the road through Clear Oak Ridge. The Monanutilus is regularly folded out after ripple marked. No other physical seen anywhere. A short distance N. of the dome of the arch there is clearly apparent cyclinic fold. On the N. side of the arch near Bella V. The Monanulus sandstone gone is 19 yards across with the dip about 40° In the abandoned quarry just S.E. of Bella Valley the Devon Scotland is once shown. In quarry walls may be seen many fossils, the most abundant being Stephanoceras leedi, L. chondrulae, C. and orthanaus. Collected a number of free fossils outside the deep sand and earth. The Bereafth zone was not seen here. Across from the quarry the Ortis Bay shows in the road. There is probably less than [illegible] to far left. That there is as much as

then so far here. That there is as much as this is shown by the space between it and the quarry even allowing some for the Recraft thick- ess. A provisional arrangement will give the following: 25' Recraft gneiss 75' Carr's Portland. This is done to crimson dolomite. 25' Cregman's. From this gneiss, have the silicous grains called as 'coal eyes', and 'members'. 25' Sandy gneiss & ? Cregman's. Blue dark sandy reddish bi-judged mostly Member, but pretty much of the top of the dolomite. Distance 50 feet with the wells dipping not over 15 degrees. (The Buffalo Sub-Lecture along the Platte thickness to contain the Cumberland Niagara.)

Sept 11-1902 Buffalo, Sap. continued The following section begins near the 231st miles post to Fort Omrore, C. & O. R. Ry and N.-Ry. greats 232 mile post near the railroad stations at Buffalo Sap. The section is from E. to North-West. On each side of the 231st post the Man- tinting shale is shown. Just beneath the Manassettu the shale has a number of thin inherent sandstone seams in which occur Ambonychia, Archiolyra rarely and more commonly Orthus serratus and Orthoryschula linneze. In iron beds (possibly 200 or more feet) occur Trinculus and Ostracods (on the finer grains). Within a few feet of the top of the Manas- ting shale there is a zone of sandstone ten, foot thick having a dip of 350 E. About 10 yards south the Manassettu stands vertical with a strike N. by 10° E. There is here then a ordinarily regarded as a such unconformity and what is a fault.

K-Mananutten. Magnitinsky hole mist. dip 55 E. Magnitisky S.S. Orems. Magnitowsk S6, 41' N Coral Base of Mananutten Strike N. 10 E. Richnessy Central. Palat Fault. Shear out Subsidence ent. → dip S. 47° W. At first the Massanutten sandstone much resem-bles the Martinsburg because much of it is derived from the beds above pieces of a clay shale for the Martinsburg sandstone or shale, I have however the former attains its regular character of spotted red and yellow whitish quartzite. It is always a much harder and more regularly bedded sandstone than that of the Martinsburg. The Massanutten is a sandstone or rather quartzite throughout. Some of the layers are made into stains and seams somewhat Clinton in ore. Magnitinsky fault Martinsbury hole to next Mananutten about 1000 feet Mananutten fault hollows Martinsburg shale dip S. Massanutten dip 17° S. hollows 1-7389

hollow Maranuth. hollow hollow Clint represents the Shale gneiss from 10 feet, Coal represents the top of the formation. Reddish sandstone, thin grit about 25 feet. Shales & sandstone heavy bedded lath 20 feet yellow shale gneiss 25 feet heavy bedded sandstone about 40 feet Clinton Niagara heavy bedded 55. as usual 20 feet. Thin bedded argillaceous sumples Limestone about 20 feet. Heavy bedded s.s. about 10 feet. Then bedded argillaceous sands, passing rapidly into the Limestone or shale formation. The heavy bedded sandstone dips SSE. Niagara Marlins Held. & Crisbang. heavy bedded sand all shales, thin Limestone sandstone beds 1st 20 feet. Shale & thin beds about 25 feet Thick bedded limestone about 20 feet Heavy bedded dark shale about 30 feet Clay Grit heavy bedded argillaceous sumples midge to Crisbang 75 ft. Dip about 180 Dip? flat? Crisbang the same the Caves thick.

I'm we also lies mixed up on this slope opposite the Buffalo Sot station. Less than 100 feet further south is 232 mile post on Romney shale. From the Shale, it is about 1000 feet to the 232 nd mile post. The railroad is here along the strike. See next page for the portable interpretation.

Chautauqua Chana- cotta- Chena- cotta- Chautaugua Chenault Duffer's hop, An interpretation of Unconformity Fault Fault Inconformity Fault Crest. L. Little Chute Int.

fingring section. Nov. 11-1902. Ontario Chandler's Bluff. Foggy. O'Keeffe. Remus / Remus / Orin / Bill etc.

Sep. 12-1902 Panther Gap, Va. C & O R.R. Less than 700 feet east of the mile post 255 f.m. in Panther Gap there is a little knot cut through by the railroad leaving the Old,- Ouistany contact. Here also occur outcrops of the Quickang iron-ore. The following section is from C. to R. Marcellus shale Quicksand sandstone Dip 30' SE Strike S 45° E Dip SE 30° [illegible] Sandstone, [illegible] Bereaft. 40° SW. Heavy bedded blue lit. long deep Gully. 700' --> 255 mile post ---> 700 Papstian Quicksand sandstone Red shale Quicksand Quicksand at least 100 feet [illegible] [illegible] gap. 300 ft. to 400' Massanuttie 70 yards from county line post to center of work

"turned rock" "eastern face." "returned from" "here h." "Mananutton" "about 40° thick and tidy" "Bratton yard." "Red slate" "Red sandstone" "3½ yards across with" "dip about 60°. But" "are shown" "? Niagara" "Clinton Hillman" "slated roof" "fronts for it to the road" "sandstone" "white" "little Mananutton." "Held, Orish, and" "Brimmer in shot order." "R. R. presumably on" "shale." "The stopping place of the railroad for Parthenus (there" "is no station here) is ½ mile or more beyond h.h." "On the opposite side of the rail road is a large" "quarry in the New Holland and Beecroft. Collected a" "number of fossils here and along the road opposite Bratton" "Bridge. In the quarry saw a number of fossils in the lime" "stone but all in a compact, heavy bedded, crystalline" "limestone and none could be gotten out. Those collected are" "from the red earth - the deep mud limestone." "Left Bratton Bridge for Clifton Forge. Had to" "wait here 3 hours to go for Crossing too. Came over at 2pm." "A little E.S Clifton Forge a stream cuts across the" "mountain and the Mananutton shows dry cliffs. It looks" "much like the Drills but cut near Cumberland Pa."}

In the Panther Lpf region the Rockwood has become established and also compared with the Buffalo Lpf is far better defined. In the latter region the Clinton fossiliferous horizon is about as well marked as Panther Lpf. The red shale horizon at Buffalo Lpf is present with but little in force, but at Panther Lpf there is much more red shale and a great development of the Clinton zone. A Niagara group seems to be absent at Panther Lpf and the cordulata thin reddish blue lgy and the rhynchonella zone occur at Buffalo Lpf and which I thought to be the Cumberland Niagara seems to be but a part of the Rockwood at Panther Lpf. The Helderbergian, e.g. Beersville and Hur gayland maintains a heavy bedded crystalline limestone it obtains more chert at Panther Lpf. The Creymans at Panther Lpf is not marked by such an abundance of crinoided remains as about Augusta Springs etc. At Panther Lpf apparently in the Coeymans there is -

is a marked sandy gne passing downwar into dark blue shaly limestone and then again into the similar heavy bedded blue intercrystalline li. From this sandy gne there are few fossils. The Oriskany cannot be thicker than 35 feet at Panther Gap. It has many fossils but one cannot make them out. The abundance of fossils leads to the belief that it is the Upper Oriskany. While the various sections seem to lack certain formations yet, the succession appear to be complete since one cannot make out unconformities. The only unconformity seen is between the Chautauqua and Marcellus. This is quite marked.

Sept. 13-1902 Corington Va. About 1/2 mile D.-E. or almost E. of the Internment Hotel on a low hill side faced of the village there is an old abandoned quarry that formerly also had a lime kiln, Here are shown the arenaceous heavy bedded Beercroft limestone and some marl just probably on the hill side above the Oriday, in the Beercroft saw what appears to be D. munchianii. Besides the fossils collected, Also saw Hippurionyx proximus, A ?Phacodonta ovistellania quite large. One of these appear to be D. bedii and thus D. magnifica. Understandly D. ovistellania is the transitus species between those two species. A sectional view of the hill is as follows: ? Oriday Beercroft dips N. about 150 Corington In the ?Oriday saw D. munchianii, then majus

In the ?Oriskany sarr. J. minchi[illegible], then brought from rather of the Lower Oriskany and Beecroft, Farther south on the same range of ? glance with yellowish iron stains comes out in a quarry quarry, a little farther south and the Beecroft is seen to lie above it. Then there comes the Ohio Salt Land, due to large petosiforms and flabella, to try to casts and crinoid stem fragments reminding of Maracrinus. Beecroft quarry the rock. silf. start 10° all on urford [illegible] slang quartzite latrubi shun dip. shot 25 + 30° Lime tree quarry In the above mentioned glance quartzite of the quarry seen crinoid segments reminding of Maracrinus as a petosiform bryozoan and stems of a flabella form, there are not found north of the Oriskany. From the river a little the same quartzite, even fluted appears on the east side bank of the Iron Furnace. There was made the above section. The limiture of this section is not the Beecroft since at a single specimen of Stenipor crininae was seen. On the other hand the limestone about in Maracrinus columnus, some Alcyon reticularis and Orthos pyr. O. Muta. Its same genus to are crystalline than the Beecroft. It must be the Ohio Saltland a Cosynans. Both quartzites look or smooth alike that at first I thought they were the same.

On the C. & O. R. R. East of Crimpton and Just back of the Iron Smelting Furnace is the following section. [illegible] The 100 feet of Beecraft is exaggerated due to the dip. Not over 75 feet. All the red earth fossils there are from the left hand part of this section. The beds are full of chert and the limestone is completely decomposed here. On the right hand side of the quarry, the lowest bed in the drive also have much chert and are an impure lines- tone which leads me to believe it is these beds that are reflected to the left. At least 100 feet of Beecraft is shown in this quarry. The same forma- tion continues for nearly 1/2 mile farther east along the C. & O. R. R. track and I estimate that there is 150 feet more of Beecraft. [illegible]

There is no Christian here since neither here nor elsewhere about Corington have I seen the charac- teristic upon Christian fossils. The Marcellus rest directly on beds holding specific conchina. The latter fossil is the one persistent marker of the Beercroft line. I was greatly surprised to see so great a thickness of this formation, ... To morrow I will work out this section in more detail. April 15-1911. The Marcellus of the above account is the 8 feet of shale mentioned on the next page after this. It is still in the Beercroft, as the 15 feet lying above the shale is 11 feet of Beercroft followed by 4 feet of Christian. Then the yell mist to greenish shale of the Marcellus

Sep. 14-1902 Covington Va Continuing the section of the previous page and ging eastward along the C.& O. R.R one sees the following. [illegible] All of these beds are massive more or less heavily folded grayish arenaceous limestone with the Berecra ftints. about 120 feet to next exposure. colors all around. Berecft. Covington in the continuation of the face [illegible] James R. Hahn.

There can be no doubt of there being an 8 foot shale gone towards an upper member of the Berecrafts, at first I thought this must be the Romney but while the shale resembles it yet it is sandy and much slotted sided which is not the case with the Romney. The upper 14 feet of ammonaceous limestone is just like this below the shale gone and are these limestones are marked by Spinifera concentricus. There is 5 feet of Oolite clay on top. The Romney near its base has received flint nodules just like those of the limestone much farther down, and due there are local indurated beds. These shales have immense numbers of Styliolina. From here E to mile post 287 F.M. there are second exposures of the Berecrafts, the flinty quarzite, thelower Berecrafts just gone and a shale gone which may be the Beddles or lower. There seem to be two small horst articles. Just a little W 1 mile post 288 F.M. is exposure or rather the higher slaty Oolite Portland group the lower Berecrafts just gone, records the fossils collected else where further down in the Pennudonic aquifer district. On the road

"just above are a little more west the same zone as up peak and here is seen that it overlies the glass quartzite. 1st letter At least 100 fut. is shown here. A little further N. are the lower crinoidal limestone is seen. The electric fault line in the railroad cut I think is what makes the Aircraft appear so thick. The Aircraft seems to be shoved upon itself making it appear about twice as thick as it really is. The following is an estimate of the thicknesses and the succession, about O mython. Pomona Crinoids. Mr diagnostic form was seen 4-5 fut. Aircraft - probably above 120 fut. glass quartzite (Mill less than 100 fut.) heavily bedded crinoidal li. Probably Creymerian About 30 fut seen. Apparently gellious shales come next. In the afternoon walked along the Iron But rail-road to the mine about 3 1/2 miles. There arrived in in the Ovidian formation since I picks up iron with casts of Spirifer arenous, Lep. almbridulus orthricus. In sandstone saw S. arenous, Arenis litt. kate, Edmunda edgularius, Cancellatus at mid

Late, Estonia singularis, Puncularia of wat are [illegible] the common form. The ore seems from 10 to 13 feet thick and is underlain by a coarse silt sandstone and a quartzite. The ore itself and the grne from which it is taken shows shmy water percolation and concentration since the stratification of the Oriskany is very irregular and the ore also breciated and rematerially iron. Undoubtedly small cones were formed, all the calcareous matters taken away, the spaces filled in and all neces- sarily iron deposits. This is the Low Moor Iron Co. Just how thick the Oriskany is I could not and the iron limiting grne determine but it is not less than 35 feet. Storming the Berecft but how far could not be determined. In the Romney iron Stylidina, Liochynchus Panetle, Beyrich's and a small Ostracod globie with a small depression in the margin near the center. Putting all the observations together I seem to get the following section:

Slazy quartzite, also in quarry to west, 6um? Grindled limestone Estimates 60 feet. = ? Lord Greyman. Join the R. M. Slazy quartzite 70 to 100 feet. Lorist Dacraft. = Maraphlume gme. Dacraft, Estimates at 125 feet. About 10 feet Lorist Dacraft? Fossils collected here. Decemfrut limestone. A dull red earth with much nodular chert. [illegible] Grat Tank, [illegible] Join Decraft. [illegible] G 20 R O. 6 foot [illegible] Dacraft quarry and finis about 12 miles.

Folded section looking from another. Fault. Thrust fm E to W. Recraft E & O, R. R. — East. Colt curve here Recraft — 1½ feet including (½ foot) cement at top. Bolts also here. 51 = Recraft. Recraft 14 feet Chistany Slate. Slate Cannelite

Sep. 15 Monday W.S. Clinicks near Hot Springs Pa. Left Errington at 8:45 and at 10 O M was at Oergonia Hot Springs. Loked around here for an hour at the immense hotel ad grounds here and the many beautiful mansions, belonying to Dryalls, Austin Long and French. Then took a hack to the Train in the city just jest of Orleans City. And Clinick house where I am staying. The Hot Spring railroad follows along the rally of the Jackson river and for nearly 12 miles all we see is the Romney Just before arriving at Cedars Creek the Recraft and probably other Field, is reported. Then again at Cedar Creek and for 1/2 miles north along the railroar from the limestone or great gita is exposed in nearly designted hills. At Hot Spring Limestone also shows, but it looks more like Tawton than Steel. Just before getting to Healing Springs the rail-road cuts through the Owistley rim one.

In the afternoon walked through Dennis Gap and beginning on the S, in the creek the following section was traversed. [illegible] Over no one knew Shasta outcrops Romney Shales Origenang SS. Orange and red with attics and smoother limy belors 40 feet Passing on that head into the Acrecraft. Slight concave in foot at a distance above are now more belows 140 feet All sandy grey limestone. Thinner bedded dark blue li with enamel chert Apparently what I called Owen Shalefoot of Currie to us 52 feet seen Orange and impure sandstone with some slate and thin seams of impure li. 100 feet 35 feet not seen, Thin bedded greyish limestone like Manlius or Brattleboro but more impure, 4 feet seen 36 feet not seen Thin redder rather SS 5 feet 35 feet not seen This highly, mottled dark blue li. 40 feet 150 to wagon road bridge These fossils are like those collected at Currie too. Own another a few feet there is like specimen Lagelostera, Edmontina, Meristella, Red rim on corner very gently This 350 steps along the wagon road to where the white Massanuttus stands and. In a straight line it is probably not more than 900 feet.

Of the Mamaranite about 200 feet can be seen on end from the road. Then the sandstone becomes redish and in about 300 feet more follows the Martinburg? where I found the fossils along the road side in loose stuff. The top of the Martinburg has arnaaceous lime- stone seams which have a Lorraine fauna. Collected here Rafinesquina alternate, Stephanome flumcom. reoxa, Gyrospira modesta, Anbrysthia, Modistifor: z op., Orthorthochula linnyi, Rafinesquina like nasute,

Tuesday Sep. 16-1902 McInticks, Va. Started out with a buggy for Mountain Grove. After passing through the gap just S of Germantown, and after two miles across the Middle Ocrinco came upon the following exposure over the three forks of the wagon road. It is the crest of low anticline. Romey Dip SE 10°-15° Oxidley Beeroff. Cross heavy Oxidling SS. Sand A. across a then pale red sandstone to 2d foot Jenny killed out over Course SS at top, under Was healed with sandstone hard seam limestone discontinuous Q. as muck, Rye aquiline Pebble 50 ft and clay th Other Quartz 20 foot Common Quartz Rough The wagon road here cuts through a low dome. All the here roll looks so much alike that Ostrin mistook it from Oxidley from Beeroff. Its sandy nature here is striking, more so than at Crumpton. Across Jackson mill and up the slope of Boiler ridge the Oxidley are most of the Beeroff are shown. Here also the two formations look alike. In the Oxidley str. I observed In late as Ostrin assimilar in muscular.

"On the same ridge and road but beginning from the mountain and the top of the gallery is seen." "The ridge compared to yellow-red sandy shale and some sandstone. On this rests the following:" [illegible] Dolima [illegible] Manlius Gregman. New Zealand but failed to find a single diagnostic mode. The correlation is based on position.

The above section will give a fair estimate for the horizon above the Rockwood to the Aircraft when checked by the diagram & of section of yesterday and Darting estimate. The thickness for the Aircraft is best obtained at Corington. The distance of this again seems to be about 20 feet. Returned to Mrs Clinticks house by 5 P.M. Packed a box and after supper drove to Hot Springs and took the 8 P.M. train for Corington. Shipped the box from Hot Springs. Left Hot Springs at 8 P.M. and stopped one night at Corington – Intermont Hotel.

Wednesday Sep. 17th. [illegible] to C. Radford. Left Engrington at 8:36 for Cleftm Forge. After crossing the river east of Engrington one passes through a series of fine Helderbygian cuts up to the the distance is about 8 miles from Engrington. furnace [illegible] called Low Moor. & time in the return take it in. Less than 2 mile E. of Cleftm Forge the Richmond branch of the C.&O. follows the James river cut through the mountain at Iron Gate. This is the place referred to on Sep. 12th. The White Massanutten makes a and here with the steepest dip to the east. It looks very much like the gap through Hills Dale, near Cumberland, Md. There should be some L.H. near Iron Gate some back of the valley the Hamilton outcrops. It is seen again at the next station about 2 mile north. Back of Blue Bridge the Onslay iron is mined. The place is on the mountain side. From here we go S-E down the trough of the Hamilton and the James river, By an leaving the mountain ridges toward the west. Where the R.R. crosses the James river for the third time, from Cleftm Forge is again seen the L.H.

and the th Hamilton. Just before coming to Eagle (1/2 mile) Mt, the railroad passes through a gap in the L H, and the succession down to the Mdranutter. Towns the E. or the station can be seen the entire range standing in edge. The entire mass may be thinner here since the E of is a very small one. The following can be seen from the station. ? Monticury <--E.n.S.E. Alexandria R.R and James River A Eagle Int St. J.H. South about 2 miles we find exposures A the Kenardock along the river followed by a fine synclinal fold, The country is at first quite hilly but as one approaches Springboro the country resembles the Staunton area. Transferred from the C.S.O. to G.W.R.R. at Richmond. Stopped at Boretot hotel for dinner until 3.15 on the train south. Arrived at East Radford at 6 P.M. Stopped at the Hotel Armwood. Will leave to morning at 10.45 A.M. for Pearisbuy, Thursday Sep. 18-1902 E. Radford After breakfast walked N. along railroad for 1/2 mile and viewed the following section.

Thursday Sep. 16th, 1902 East Radford. A little more than one mile N. from E. Radford and beside the New River is or parts a big Limestone section as follows: Qly. O.E. Note: A conformable heavily angular Plaint limestone. shale and calcium, there I the Roof of several feet feet, from three feet to four feet, on all other lines, and probably be with the former (New River). make green an red shale 200 feet thick (January) interrange only one foot. Cost. 300 feet thick. Deposit into a zone and more delinite one slate Portland, Va etc in Jacksonia. light colored (dove) limestone but mostly shale. An overthrust Rocks: dolomite sandstone red The beds indurated and others mostly shale The sea conditions were here very interesting. One can treely come upon breccia and chert and there is an usual scrambled or jointed yet I believe the sea bottom was very uneven. Not a single fossil of any kind was noted. The opportunity for collecting is good because of small line material lying around. It would seem that one Lenoir basin ex-

tended this far, at Buchanan I looked yester day at some ochry shale of considerable thickness and I also believe the got into our Lenri basin. Certain it is that I know came anything similar about Shetfying or north. About Peppers there are the are heavy bedded limestone with some shale, the thickness is apparently considerable. These resemble considerably the Sheran- dale only that there is more shale here (these appear like same [illegible] near Eggleston). Left on the 10:00 L.M. and Got off the train at Benton and walked E to the county line between Pulaski and Lee. Here was made the following section going N. along the railroad are [illegible] [illegible]

"No exposures from here to the station called Barton. From here to the sharp curve h, the hillside are covered with much red-stained quartzite and pieces of the Clinton formation. The thickness could not be determined because there are no good exposures on the railroad runs near by or the line of strike. (There must be a fault from Barton joining up the Medina) (see Beothic lens) At the curve, where along Lockwood's Ferry, and mile post C. 393 is shown the following,

"Ten comes" is chief to whitest very heavy bedded limestone of very great thickness, Pkt the barrier are repeated. Mild & O.392 stands obscurely in exposure of this limestone. The cliff in general appearance is that of the lime-stone of the High Bridge, Said in my Dr on the chalky side limestone saw P sericulus, P minutissimus, Patellella parvula, etc. the large one of from the mouths of by Achymnells nem anielgi and P. alternata amaranth. I seem nothing today indicating Shred or Clay, The red rim ore piece certainly indicates the clintas. The heavy quartzite that Medina. This limestone continues & of Eggleston where I stopped observation for the day. Arrived at Penistone at about 8 P.M.

Pearisburg, Friday, Sept. 19 - 1902 The village is 1/2 miles away from the railroad and river. Coming down the road to the station one sees much dark blue limestone rock by gray and alternate Just N of the station is a fine exposure of the light gray arenaceous limestone dipping about 35 deg S. The beds as a rule are from 3 to 12 inches thick and very near and then a thin (2 to 6 in.) shale zone. Mile post C, 375 stands in this exposure and is N of the station about 1/4 mile. The rocks do all show much beyond the post. Getting around mile post C, 375 which is at the station called Rheumote. Near mile post C, 374 is again shown the same rocks. Apparently the same about Hannas are station on the banks of Wolf Creek. Mile post C, 373 stands just a little N of Wolf Creek bridge. In the Hannas and about 1000 feet E of mile post C 372 was observed the following section,

(see next page) This face is equal with large pieces of the Clinton, from one end to the other up about 1000 foot and some miles. There are ledges quartzite between and are dips about 20° to 15 feet. These thin and heavy beds of quartzites are certainly the Mananattins and are marked with pinkish and greenish streaks. The slabs are sandy shales and some are iron bearing and have various markings like mud-flakes are a peculiar countryman Archiphycus harlani. The hillside continues to here at red shale for 200 yards more then the difference in general form pieces of Trenton limestone with Plantanites occurs. At grade port @ 37½ the heavy ledged slaty limestone and r. the quarry E of Effleton affords a little quarry R and the outcrops of dolomite & clay at Channing. Looking back up the Mus River from here are thru/ the gap there appears to be conformable sequence. The crest of the here is made by the quartzite, the red shales being with Archiphycus and Phyllopodus followed by the Trenton limestone. However if the quartzite in the Mananattins and is merely below the old shales then the Outcrops beds are southwards. At Genhatawara the Red shales are above the white quartzite. The following seems to be the case. (see another interpretation on) Trenton.

Back again to the gap (Darran) Notice some riffles up stream The shales are 2000 ft further than the one of the section. These are also made by the white quartzite and purplish shales. Going farther east along the railroad Notice quartzose make This beach is made up of shales which are too light colored for the Hemistone. Between the crest of the hill made of the white quartzite are the Trenton limes and there in a low valley probably a quarter mile wide. It may be that these shales were taken out along here by the railroad and this surface has since passed over and has covered with erosion. If this is true then the Trenton or the E. lies below these yellowish shales, probably the Leaven. No where along here did I see any evidence of Lorr. Shale, or Orisk. A little E. of Darrans station the strata dips in direction the opposite than is usual, that is towards the W. The structure may be this

Received a telegram from Hayes that he is not ready to go to Rome. Made inquiries about going to the locality told me by D. White. I find it will take two days costing me about 6 to 7 dollars and no certainty of finding what I came after. Therefore concluded to go Bluefields Dr. Va where I am certain of finding the Eile formation as delineated on the Prochontas Plir map. May April From 1897 to 1902 there were occasional earth- quakes here with trembling object came from the east and passed and round along the mountain called Angels Rest. During these earthquakes some bricks were removed from chimney tips. One of which I looked at had the bricks removed only from the northeast side. For prints I can say during one clay latter. The Jeroker Dennis' only the noise resembled gating and grinding could be heard among while the horses and that passed on. The noise was greatest in stone houses, some of the shocks were severe and one lasted all the night, the shocks coming every five minutes. Lee Campbell of this since he was here to examine into the matter.

Sep. 20, Saturday. Pearisburg traced up the hills back of the village to the steep ascent of Angels Rest. On the way one meets with considerable white quartzite and conglomerate which comes down from the near the top of Angels rest. Just back of the village but several hundred feet up can be seen the purple limestone also seen near Berton. Probably 600 feet higher occur shales having a few Lower and the Silurian fossils. Have some. These shales seen yesterday near the Channas on the railroad dump. Probably Devon shales. A native said that 10 years ago they used to mine red limestone on the very top of the Mt. It is therefore the quartzite that makes the sharp ascent of Angels Rest. On the mountain climbs and overhaes during the past three days have I seen the slightest evidence of Heldeburian or Oecothanians. The same is true for Hamilton. Left Pearisburg for Bluefields at 12.11 P.M.

At 2.30 started out to see the Sils formation about one mile south of Kraham. Here along the road can be seen dipping south the follying section. Dip 40° S-E, Section continues. Off set and Red shale out thin beds of whitish ark and sandstone, Baps from. Mud seen on top of field with Alnick sandstone This bedded my in pure material grain calcite cemented by 19 yards. Grasse nodulites + quartz muri, breathing readily to anor 4 coupe q and g yard 30+30=60yard 42 yards across Ammonium limonite and chalk. Considerable 22 yards from han Tipi At the eastern end of this Sils outcrop I saw a mass of partly 1000 pounds which greatly resembled the Orickley limonite. Saw no fruits on it. In the crasse sandstone of the above section I which resembled those seen in the Coymans. Saw similar Alchem segments or for the horizon is indeterminete.

Sep. 21 Tuesday. Bluefield Va. Started out on a buggy for Rocky Gap. On the way up the Int. saw the Levin shale after going distance. ad then the red shales are thin beds of sandstone, some of the Bays formation followed at the top of the Int by the Clinch sandstone. From the top of the Bays formation picked up the Anthropogene Laurani. At the very apex of the Int. the road turns on the white quartzite and the Int strikes [illegible] E - N with the dip 30 S. Most of the beds are from 4 to 8 inches thick and many can ripple marked. The following red sandy shales and thin reddish sandstone (This some is not very thick) dotted up with hematite, These change into whitish and yellowish sandy shales having in places thin seams of limonite. Tried hard during the balance of the day to find the Leila formation but so far as fossil evidence goes fails to do so. On the western side of Buckhorn Int may have seen it immediately below Marcellus. Here however it could readily be mistaken for the Roche ammd. If this is the Leila formation it is as coarsely

sandy here as near Ersham. The chert here is un- proliferous. All the evidence of any value was gathered yesterday near Ersham. The Buckhorn Mt. succession seems to be Marcellus brick red, soft shale. May represent the Oriskany or is not very thick probably a few feet. chert. Some of the pieces are made up of various rocks cemented. This may however be secondary Sandstone soft indicated by the deep sandy road, or limestone seen anywhere in this region. Also saw a white sandstone slab 3 feet by 2 feet covered with Arthrophycus harlani. Being in the white sandstone it may be of Clinton age. Sep. 22 Monday. Bluefield, W. Va. Returned to the Lisle locality near Ersham Va. After much searching found a few more fossils none of which are very diagnostic. Found an Stephanoceras which is either a large S. oriskania or a small S. magnifica. The species maybe S. golfitum or S. tribulus. According to this the hazym would be Lower Oriskany. These come from near the top in the arenaceous limestone. The sandy layers

"would then represent the entire Helderbergian and the Leperditia leaving into the Marlins. The Leperditia are some one layer near the top of the Blue Limestone layers. These resemble the ordinary brutalines with their thin paper like layers. A Spring comes out just below the base of the Leperditia beds in what appears to be the top of the Rockwood. All of the latter is unexposed and nothing could be determined as to the exact base of the Marlins. Left Bluefield at 2 P.M. for Big Stone Gap. Arrived at the place at 9 P.M. As usual at some place the train cannot be delayed and we arrived two about one hour later. Coming through the mountains I am impressed that the range from Virginia City to Coalville is not due to elevation but to erosion. The strata are horizontal the valleys deep and steep. The railroad plunges through the earth and air. Coal is mined and coke burned

all around Coaldale, a second Pittsburg for smelt. According to this the Weldensian strata about Big Stone Top are exposed by erosion, all the Carbo- neous eroded away. If this interpretation is true there should be some interesting facts connected with the geological structure and our barium there. Next day saw that this is not so the field being on the edge of the Coal fields are patches under it in the last time.

/Sep. 23-1902 Tuesday, Big Stone Gap, First examine the Big Stone Gap and begin where the L & N crosses the South Atlantic & Ohio River R.R. Here the Lee Conglomerate rests beds of sandstone, shale and impure coal is exposed in good masses. The strike is about E. x W. and the dip 30° N. Then follows the Pennington shale and Pennman limestone, In one place distinct tidal wave effects in the sand stone of the Lee conglomerate. The Pennington shale is a blue shale without hard beds. The following is the relation of the fossil beds. Dip about 45° N. [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

In the afternoon collected along the during railroad Towards the I.A.O.R.R. and far from the Public School building. the village of in Dry Otme Suf. The cutting shows the following, [illegible] 72 yards. 15 yards from to Ledgelets. 2 feet below this other Troughs for 40 feet. Pools the top of Stinging huts but hotels in towards the hill and Dip 30° N. left sandy shale gone in which the axis shines. The surface current orth, clean and some chest. the pews a seat for about 49 yards To. 3 Border into John's peanut tin 22 yards, Dip about 20° Brownish-white sandstone is this or that has of 94 yards. Strata 4 Dip about 20° Granlins. Cregmans New Zealand. left sandy shale is a graveline, 24 yards other about 200 S. Coral zone The sands in folded from less. 4 Take the greenish shale. This and the out at above the continue to gentle fold in short distance. a little to the north along the fault is one are buried creek is seen the Chattanooga sandstone. For yards of the to greenish shale. sandstone plane a few things as Drisking. N.S. South Chattanooga shale 55. green shale Lynchburg red lime clay

The Hamerell or Helderbygian section teaches two important things: first the general sandy nature of the entire shelf points to a proximity of the coast, and one Helderbygian barrier must lay not far to the west of Great Stone Reef. Further since the Shelf, barrier and the other eastern barriers were in existence prior to the post Coal movements these came then further accen- tuated and but the eastern margin of the coal field was effected because it lay over the shelf, barrier and this accounts why the pre-Coal beds are more crumpled than the newly hinged as far east as the Appalachian Valley barriers. Seemly the presence of true Middle Germanic coals in the higher New Scott land. I was much sur- priest to find them and at first thought they must be from the Middle Germanic. There is however not the dislikest doubt of their age being either New Scotland or just above. The section seen today is not complete over Lelms. The lower beds remind of the Mountainpore at the top corner of the shale and all of the Cretaceous is fine. Section. A late Devon Cretaceous is yet to be found.

Sep. 24 - 1902 Wednesday, Big Stone Gap. In the limestone quarry near the iron blast furnace on the J. G. & O. R. R. R about 2 miles from Big Stone Gap is exposed much of the lower Ordovician series. Here the series seems to consist of leavy bedded grey somewhat sandy limestone. Towards the top the beds are thinner bedded, [illegible] towards the bottom the beds are a light blue. Estimating the beds in the quarry and on the hills beneath it seems these beds must be from 100 to 200 feet thick. Towards the top occur Stenoat (have a sample). Along the railroad just west of the quarry and on the line of strike with it may be thin bedded red shale sandstones. These occur at the top of the Redwood representing Campbellton Redwood sandstone horst. Leaving the railroad east of the furnace and walking down the wagon road going S-W to Big Stone Gap one passes over first the lower beds of the Shell, and after a pause much of the Redwood shales with thin seams of sandstone and some lim ore. Just after passing the Redwood shales and apparently still in it there is

I seen some soft merchant yellow sandstone having Spirifer coraxum in abundance and a pale ford. This must be the base of the Marlines resting on the Redwood. Following along the road all the field, napdly succession comes in, the dip increases, and the top of the field is vertical. Not far away is again the Redwood. with the iron ore once prominent. / The following is therefore the succession. [illegible] Marlins 100 to 125 feet Creymann New Jostland New Jostland. The commonest fossil is the Phibidomella followed by the Piumu tabulis and Meristella. The star phonella is also common in the sandstone layers. Spirifer coraxum is common to see the horizon above the Marlines, of corals Diphyphyllum is abundant folowed by the long slender cup from and Cyatiphyllum.

Left on the night train for Middletown, C.G. where I will make connection to Knoxville and Alme, Ga. Arrived at 11:30 Eastern Time, Stuffed at the Middletown Hotel. Left here the next morning at 6:30 Central Time for Knoxville.

Sep 25-1902 Thursday. To Rome, Ga. At Chicketo the shales are not quite hor- izontal but at Centalnd 3d [illegible] four miles away they stand at 45o or more. The strata are nearly horizontal from the foot of a nace place to [illegible] out. From here they begin to fold very strongly. Arrived at Knoxville at 9.30 and then went by street car to Chilhowee Park 3 miles east of the city. In this park are shown the strata, beds nearly all of shales are vertical. The order of superposition is given but which end is the top [illegible] and down. Yellowish shales with a very surface of considerable thickness, bracts like fern fronds. The above passes rapidly into a limestone of a few feet when once yellow shales come in and then the latter gradually give way to thick beds of limestone in the shale. The crinoids and the sponge occur in this series about its [illegible] thickness. Also tracks byzagra. Not exposed. Red sandy shales and then reddish sandstones, white of fossiliferous limestones. Left Knoxville at 2.10 P.M. I am greatly surprised at the low topography of all this county from End Out to Knoxville and thence south-west to Chattanooga. It is a splendid agricultural land. There are no mountains in the same sense as farther north as the country is gently undulating. Arrived on time at Chattanooga at 5.10 P.M. But here as usual had to wait for a [illegible] train just 18 minutes. Arrive at Rome, Ga at 9 P.M one hour late.

Sep 26 - Friday. Rome, Pa. Awoke early this morning with the air full of hazel cloud concluded not to go out until afternoon. Sent a telegram to Hayes, on not finding either a letter or a telegram from him. Received a telegram in the evening saying Hayes will not come. Just my luck! In the afternoon walked over to the eastern end of the Horsehoe Outcrop uplift. The major road after leaving the Pira bottom at once begins to cross the low dome. The first rocks seen is the "Chattanooga Oilwell shale" which here like that at big store dep is not a Haed shale but rather a caleareous type largely used by macademy along this roads and in Rome. Dark blue shale with a strong cross fracture. Then appears the Armuchee shales in which I saw no fossils other than one Onoristella of no value. Crossing over the fence and entering the woods along the strike of the uplift, the Armuchee is seen over the entire lines. Along the eastern base of the uplift there is another major road and here it is mostly always the Chattanooga that shows. The Armuchee also shows in

"places and especially along the banks of small runs coming down the hills are burying the Cora [illegible] . Here the Armorake is once shown but not a single fossil. Deeper in the hills and the Rockwood shows which is also largely a chert associated with quartzite. Our a few unrecognizable fossils. Just beyond the current bridge crossing the branch, the base of the Chattanooga is well shown. This here seems to be an arenaceous limestone chiefly weathering into yellowish spotted beds with some chert. These beds readily cleave free and are then soft rotten pieces. These are mostly 1/2 or 8 feet thick and have many minute fossils mostly comminuted. Ostracoda are abundant. Also picked up there very few crabs and saw a Spirifin which I could not determine. I have no doubt that this zone is Hamilton and is the horizon from which Craven Centre collected the Hamilton.

fauna are here in the museum. The following is the appearance of the dome along the main canyon grade, From a study of the Rockwood the next day along Armuchee creek and in O'Brien gap it is seen that the top of this formation as present is the different places in various. This variability I think is best explained by assuming that the Rockwood has suffered considerable erosion during the long interval from Niagara to Osage time. The Armuchee creek therefore lies upon different parts of the Rockwood.

Sep. 27 Saturday, Rome, Sa. about nine miles S.E. / Rome. with a buggy drove this morning to Chumbucker. Between the houses of the valley, there is a road down to [illegible] Mills about ½ mile distant and on the banks (Chumbucker calls it Armadale bridge) of Lavender Creek. Just opposite the mill are in a quarry at the creek bridge beside the road to O'Sheas gap, may be seen the following section. Strata nearly horizontal. [illegible] dam here, Rockford, Amudlee. Carramote. Pimplehoo. Armedale / Grouble's two pound sandstone 2 ft. Bridal / Grouble's two pound sandstone 2 ft. yellow shale & fat red shale Spotted shale thin sherry ope and yellow thin fine Sie. All red shale about 2 feet blue slate loose. Shale / sand part flume from house red flaggy iron bound in the house 12 feet line line brick plat wall run ½ line about one mile long.

Coming through O'Brian Bks the Carmuchee chart along side Thurman once to see on the north side of Lavender But. On the south side known clayfoot is sharp. Here the beds did strike nearly E-8, 25° South The distance is 33 yards for the top of the Carmuchee to the top of the Pockwood. The red shale is about 18 miles. Then follow below red shales with sandstone of about 7 feet followed a bed by the gulfworth shale and some harder beds of the Pockwood. Probably so far from the Grand Amphitheater, then The entire Carmuchee is a series of thinly bedded shales separated by a little shale most abundant in the lower third. The entire series breaks into a redish- yellow color. Towards the top, clay is fat, the beds are more dark, layers of orange evenly bedded and consist of thin sandstone. The fossils in these upper beds. Then follows a very acid earth usually seen in connection with the Fort Payne chert. Twenty yards farther and the chert is at hand but I saw no fossils in it. Nothing of the Chattanooga formation is seen here. A few yards more and the Floyd shales of great thickness continues for by distance.

I am now satisfied that the entire Armuchee with lithologically fauna is the equivalent is of Laramie age and is the equivalent of the Camden chert of eastern Tennessee. Besides the six species collected by Brooks I must have at least ten more. Among these are Amphithoea flatellata (my em.), Pleinpu mar murchisoni, Pentajonia pro Clarkes species, Trematopria multistriata, Shepherdella orichalcus Platyistoma recticornis, Lep. adibrudalis, Arctos the tumid Camden form, Amphia nucliea, etc. The Rockwood here is not later than Clinton since in it I found near the top the Amphitheon. Below the Rockwood are heavy beds of quartzite and then very fine sandy shales and sandstones, the same sequence as at the north. There is here therefore a land interval from the beginning of Proterozoic to the close of the Heldebyrian. The land interval after the Chattanooga

"must have been long since on both sides of the Larawd (or?) and at O'Briens for it is removed and the (Fort Payne Creek refers directly upon the) Armuchee. There is here no possibility of error in observation since the entire sequence on the south side of Larandie Mt can be seen beginning in the Bags and Clinck and closing with Flag Shale, all conformable and having about one dip of a few minor folds are clearly ended. In the evening packed the box. Coming down Larande Mt on the south side may be seen at the tip heavy bedded quartzite, then red beds but whether these are or if a bolar mass determined, then the Rockwood and Armucbee.

Sep. 28 Sunday, Rome Ga. Write letters in the morning. Walked about in the evening and left at 5.30 P.M. for Piedmont. Stopped over night here. Sep. 29-1902 Monday Frog Mt. Left the hotel with a trussy at 7 A.M. Found the Frog Ont sandstone beside the trail at Darford Springs beneath a heavy reddish blue streaked sheet. In the sheet saw a large closely coiled closely septate nautiloid. Also a few crinoid columns. Could not determine the age of this sheet. As he considerably of coarse inclurant sand- stone but saw no trace of life there are many holes in the sandstone but these have no definite shape and probably represent pieces of shale knocked away or animal portions broken up on the beach,

"Left to Spring Garden at 1.30 P.M. in the rain. After looking up the Rome Flor concluded to travel to Rock Run 5 mile left on the R.R. toward Camden. Arrived here at 3 and then walked 1/2 mile more, but saw nothing further than the large dolomite (=limestone). and considerable quartzite, saw no fossils in either. The Fog Out sandstone is a very unsatis- factory formation as yet. I can do nothing toward putting it on a better basis. Left the 5.05 P.M. for Rock Run for Rome. At the hotel in the evening I again looked over the Rome map and find that I was not within two miles of the Fog Out sandstone in the afternoon because of an error in the map in placing Pickens at the end for branch railroad instead of on the Southern R.R. to Birmingham. What I saw was large dolomite and broken quartzite.

Sep. 30 Tuesday Rome Left Rome at 7.33 A.M. for Middletown fly. Arrived at Chattanooga at 10.05 about 20 mins. late and at Knoxville at 1.40 - 30 minutes late. Had to wait here until 5 P.M. for the Middletown-fly train. Stopped over night at the Middletown hotel. Wednesday Oct. 7-1932 Ben Hur, Pa. Left Middletown fly on the 5.25 train but as usual it was late one hour. Arrived at Ben Hur at 8.45 and found it impossible to get to Knoxville Tenn. to see the Stancroft promotion in account of no carriage but once particularly because the Pennel road is too high to find with a buggy. Lines thus and be no train until tomorrow morning had to stay with Mr. Need at this place.

After breakfast concluded to start out to see the arches and to my great surprise found a fine from Dikemian section passing into the Clinton crm. Con- cluded to stay here today and tomorrow. The following is the section beginning at the Ben Stur railway station known on the presiclle that as Corinth. Started On an area of 180 yards An area of 180 yards and some joins of limestone ocars in which one time exposed limestone forming mine in shown. Out here at their shale coming above, Frank (1) comes to the surface. At the 35° SE. dip. 70° S.E. dip and the limestone dips 70° Note the network of dits After the network of dirt St. Clare cave but no other The same cave of holes, 120 yards on the better side. 70° N. 12 yards sample. 55 yards 75 yards Frank (2). We went- Frank and (3) under column 3 ft high. There - sample, 125 yards. At upper and the dip is 80° at farm The Gallinipper shades some out. climbed down blue limestone exposed Gt. St. and into the Clay in by holes, Frank (4) Clay limestone shale sand 75 yards 17 yards dip 80° Sediment and pink 255 feet Dip at yellow shale. 75 yards bottom in a dark blue fine- dike gave 37 out and them all alike to what are Frank (6). We went- Clay limestone shale sand under column 3 ft high. There - sample, 125 yards. At upper and the dip is 80° at farm The Gallinipper shades some out. climbed down blue limestone exposed Gt. St. and into the Clay in by holes, Frank (4) Clay limestone shale sand 75 yards 17 yards dip 80° Sediment and pink 255 feet Dip at yellow shale. 75 yards bottom in a dark blue fine- dike gave 37 out and them all alike to what are Frank (6). We went- Clay limestone shale sand under column 3 ft high. There - sample, 125 yards. At upper and the dip is 80° at farm The Gallinipper shades some out. climbed down blue limestone exposed Gt. St. and into the Clay in by holes, Frank (4) Clay limestone shale sand 75 yards 17 yards dip 80° Sediment and pink 255 feet Dip at yellow shale. 75 yards bottom in a dark blue fine- dike gave 37 out and them all alike to what are Frank (6). We went- Clay limestone shale sand under column 3 ft high. There - sample, 125 yards. At upper and the dip is 80° at farm The Gallinipper shades some out. climbed down blue limestone exposed Gt. St. and into the Clay in by holes, Frank (4) Clay limestone shale sand 75 yards 17 yards dip 80° Sediment and pink 255 feet Dip at yellow shale. 75 yards bottom in a dark blue fine- dike gave 37 out and them all alike to what are Frank (6). We went- Clay limestone shale sand under column 3 ft high. There - sample, 125 yards. At upper and the dip is 80° at farm The Gallinipper shades some out. climbed down blue limestone exposed Gt. St. and into the Clay in by holes, Frank (4) Clay limestone shale sand 75 yards 17 yards dip 80° Sediment and pink 255 feet Dip at yellow shale. 75 yards bottom in a dark blue fine- dike gave 37 out and them all alike to what are Frank (6). We went-

Dart flu modular shells felled with 9 per space of mids. Oain- 3 yards. [illegible] Frail 2 [illegible] 9-84 yrs unappropriated: Till from 10 to 24 feet All found it beds for 24 feet Passing into red Nelsonian. occasional the heads of sand- Stone. 75 yards. Sep 7o Ths. [illegible] 4 yards. The redded Sandston and some shale gors. 21 yards. Red shells with sandstone. As latter in the red and gore, 41 yards. Tripartitum (mss/Anirops) (3yft-36) from over about 3 feet of flax shells, can on large as 98 wide. Dart red shells interlocking turns the 70 my then Sandston ft. b. 40 yards seen. The nail sand turns sharply here at the incisor carapace made out. At work ~ stream and a high grit shores in the other grits = Chattanaga (Black Lale) The London red beds are not or deep red as those of the Clinton. The latter have the color of the forid- ism is in me. It is very easy to confound these red London beds mist or refer them to the Medina horizon, where then can be no one here since the section is continuous and the lower red beds are covered by beds holding Orthos sinuate in quantity. Below the red beds occur Platycephalin either.

P. lyra is one large P. latreillta. Jenn were pleased with the day's work and all the horizons go into the Mississippian basin. They have nothing to do with the Cumberland basin. Oct 2 Thursday. Ben Hur, Va. Being over the same section I see that the Sheld. is deeply eroded and must lie in the creek below. Just beyond the Clinton exposures across the creek one sees a light Haell stone cut. This is the Chattanooga shale of more than 150 feet thick. Then follows a sandstone with rarely some pebbles and occasionally a layer with pieces of the Chattanooga black shale. Following south along the railroad in four miles more one sees a number of small cuts through light Hael gamy shales and whitish soft sandstones. These lie beneath the Chattanooga and above the Clinton, and seem therefore to be the Helderbergians. If this is true the lithologic nature is different from that of any other Set. There then is one chert and one fossils.

Immediately to the east is a high range of mountains showing at the tip extensive cliffs. This is probably the same conglomerate seen at Big Stone Cup and represents the base of the Upper Carbon. Between this ridge and the railroad lies the entire Lower Cambrian, Devonian, and Silurian seen. The ridge to the east has the Clinton and Lorraine. The rocks in the eastern cliff are seen to dip to the east. Back again to the iron mines it seems the rail road is on the apex of a Heldebyrian anticline and that it is about 1000 feet to the iron layer. In this distance then lies the shale and a portion of the Rockwood. The dip of the surface shale, is here slight and to the E. The sandstone toward the top of the shale is in heavy beds and appear to be in some separating shale. This upper member may be 25 or more feet thick. The Chattanooga is seen to rest upon it but a short distance away.

In the afternoon began the following section east by Per Shun station. There is about him between this are the sections of quartziferous formations in line. At the base the beds are much jointed and fractured, there being Fracture here. Sawrock shale passing into the quartziferous limestone that at Middletons, The shun drifts less than 100 pds. Mr my frame has for about 230 gyants. Drifting through them that the actual change is earth in 30 percent. More scattered drimrock and crystal quartz in the limestone and crystal cavities with almost 70° Op.-94% About 55 yards across, quartz beds, of the There are pink. The charcoal beds are in for the fields beside the railroad to Then a few fragments of granite &c. This is a line of this Shun station. Chattanooga shale Homoral formation. This bed is fault. to distance there feet of strata, and probably about 100 yards in length. I think the drift are for other beds. I think the fault at the foot run in the province may be very large. Rocks not are here Elsewhere at these frequently occurring points with the limestone and favorable limited but form S.D. 17 yards, Pbl., the remainder fine about 80 ft. 45th gulf hills arctic forms about into the shale zone. Op. 180 ft. About 10 feet thick. The other forms into reddish clay beds, as the gulf hills double shale, and from white, thank S for 7) 330 yards across. to the fault. The 9th bed of the Richmond. At the lower end the clay is 35 ft 2) 12 minutes do not mean him but the activity of the quarryman 2) red beds but lower than Richmond, Homoral formation. ? Pit of Rockwood. Gray line, 87 yards. Clame del as above 89 yards. Growth from 17 yards, Standard 30 feet about ft. Standard shale beds reaching this place are slightly pointed being with on hill in yellow limestone, limited at all else, 70 yards. Other fields produce blue slate lime stone not very frequent at 41 Pl. late date a Pl. distance. 42 yards to form S. not distributed to found same 26 yards to found game (4) Nag's hole, Anthony- shale hills. The final zone is about 25 feet thick. Dark red sand of clay and the beds in general. The distance: 172 yards. Op.30 one side boundary.

There are then hypogean forms in various parts of the last zone of the type before. the same is continued for 250 yards where Tetracladium and a few hypogean occur. It is the 36 furl to the next bore hole. Down Hole Limiting depth 330-99 ft. hole, 32 yards at 3pm. Gently around now here. in faulting 100 feet to down small cut. do the following cuts to line very far looks about 3/4 mile the railroad away along the stairs and only the dense timber growing any light place. Limetone are shown later they just above the forest a Chatham type at Menhune. The section of today is the one to the east of Blue Horn, Pa is in many ways lithologically different from the one of yesterday or west of Blue Horn. The eastern section also appears thicker. There is more shale to the east. Can this difference be due to barriers? Later in the evening it occurs to me that the difference in the two sections is partly due that the western section has considerable beds at the top removed. It is certain that the beds holding the large Platystrophia occur lower down. However what others are may be due to the re-occurrence of C. semicula, P. laticosta and Orthothyri-chula. According to what I saw today of the Heldburgian only the Marlius is present.

may however be that the higher beds are somewhat represented in the hollow between the Chattanooga and the heavy bedded Marlins or Stancross formation. I will look into this tomorrow. Here the succession seems to be as at Big Stone Gap. The sandy base of the Marlins rests upon the heavy beds of quartzite making the top of the Rockwood. If the Ostracode bears out this view then there is a great hiatus between the Rockwood and the Marlin's. This also explains why Campbell calls the quartzite a dred again or twice. It lies on the line of post-Rockwood erosion and may or may not be eroded away.

Oct 3, 1902 Friday. Ben Hur, Va. walked in the morning to Pennington Gap and then into the gap itself cutting the crest fork of the Powell river. Just where the small streams come out of the Powel valley and unite with the Powel river and when they cross there the heavy bedded sandstones of the Redwood stand on end. From here to Pennington Gap itself can be seen here through as hanging rocks in the distance, probably 2 miles, the great Lee conglomerate. Towards the village, here and there, can be seen the Lower Silurian section and the village is built upon the heavy bedded white to blue limestone, the same as the lands beds are about Ben Hur. Looking outward from Ben Sneads house at Ben Hur one can see across the top of Powel Valley Ridge to the crest of the next ridge the top of which has the Lee conglomerate. From this point outward is mined coal and the strata lie almost horizontal. Coal mining begins at once the Cretaceous structures.

The Lower Silurian strata coming out from the Coal Measure synclinorium are of the Mississippian type. They continue regularly in regular succession to Benmore where a great fault seems bringing the Black River or Bird's- eye against the Chattanooga. It seems to be the former that has risen over the Chattano- gga. The limestone along the fault line and the entire Chattanooga ridges have suffered much and are tracted and simply slanting- sided. Returned to the west Ben More section and see that considerable of the beds of the top of the Lower Silurian of the east Ben More section are here missing. Saw both sections within an hour and the transition from the Lower Silurian to Upper Silurian looks alike in both sections. When the two sections are walked out at home it once personally turned out to be alright.

This afternoon I made as careful search of the Mancos formation outcrops as possible and found the following. Beginning with the Rochwood quartzite the formation alone (like seen at Mr. [illegible] five spring) lies with a crassly arenaceous limestone charged with traces of Tarsets. One finds these cores on the surface indicating a thickness of about 15 feet. At about 30 feet from base occur the Chinotopora shale mixed up with the cores. Probably at about the same horizon or a little lower occur the Oniotella. These [illegible] near the above mentioned spring found in a little abandoned quarry which can hardly be more than 30 feet above the quartzite showing here. The fine-grained are- aceous sandstone in one place is followed at once by the Chattanooga and at another after about 15 feet of an orange rim stained sandstone which is evidently the same as

and Harry Gogman's the one even at Big Stone Gap. Therefore all the higher Helderbergian beds are here eroded away or when never deposited. After supper packed my box and left it with Mr. Ben tried to be shipped tomorrow, Oct. 4 from Pinnington Gap. Oct. 4 - Saturday. Ben Hur to Washington. Left Ben Hur at 8.40, the train being about 1½ minutes late. Ben Hur to Interment where we transfer to Atlantic & South D. to Bristol Tenn. If the train had been on time I would have gone to Norton and Bluefield and East Radford, the shorter route. As it is a days broad at Norton one can't save than the difference in railroad fare, Va At Natural Tunnel, the rail road forming a tunnel excavating by a stream. The rock seems to be the lime dolomite. The walls at the E. end of the tunnel are at least 200 feet high and at some time have

"[illegible] down and since removed by the stream. It\nis fine view in the tunnel to watch the trains\nand steam going through: the distance may be\nless than 100 feet, and the light above the tracks\nfrom 20 to 40 feet. Here another Richard Bridge\nphenomenon on a different plan.\n\nArrived at Bristol Tenn., at 2.30 E. Time.\n\nAt the Hamilton Hotel at Bristol above\nthe dining room door is this:\n"Christ is the host\nof this house,\nthe unseen guest\nat every meal\nthe silent listener\nto every conversation'.\nAnd he feeds."

Sep. 12 Shipped by express from Augusta Springs one small box. Sep. 15 One small box by express from Corinton Pa. " 16 One box from Virginia Hot Springs, Va. " 22 One brok... Bluefield W.Va. " 24 big box from Big Stone Gap, " 27 " " " Boone Sa Oct 4 " " " Pennington Gap by freight.

2178 Ke'1/2 18 [illegible] CAMP my 22.9 Gm Sunday. [illegible]

92/3 3 | 276 92 217.