Field notes, v1307

Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from CLIR https://archive.org/details/fieldnotesv130700gree

H. Greene 1990 Catalogue #1994-2146 Journal 1990 Costa Rica: La Selva Biological Station Arizona: Cochise Co. New Mexico: Hidalgo Co. Kenya: Nairobi Uganda: Bwindi Forest Reserve Costa Rica: La Selva Biological Station

Aceeno, H. 1990 January 21 No data, hatched at Philadelphia Zoo in 1978 1994 Elaphe guttata (albino) No data, purchased from Louis Bonos 1995 Agkistrodon blorhoffi 1986 Agkistrodon contortrix coll. B.E. Dial 1997 Sistrurus miliarius coll. T. A. Sinclair 1998 Sistrurus catenatus No specific locality, probably near Douglas, Cochise Co., Arizona 1999 Heloderma suspectum brought by dog to Wildlife Center Fall, 1989 No data, presumably Australia, rec'd from U.S. Fish & Wildlife Ser. 2000 Lialis burtonis near San Simon, Cochise Co., Arizona 2001 Tantilla nigriceps coll. T. A. Snell, October 1989 No data, probably north Africa 2002 Cerastes cerastes rec'd from Steinhart Aquarium ~1983 No data, rec'd from U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 2003 Crotalus durissus No data, hatched or born at Dallas Zoo 2004 Epicrates subflavus 2005 Corallus caninus 2006 Corallus caninus 2007 Chondropython viridis 2008 Chondropython viridis 2009 Chondropython viridis

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Greene, H. 1990 January 21 No data, hatched in captivity 2010 Python regius purchased from T. Moisie Slopes of Santa Ana Mtns. on Rt. 74, 0.7 mi W. Hwy 71, Riverside Co., California 2011 Crotalus ruber coll. March 2, 1979 Costa Rica 2012 Lachesis muta hatched in captivity February 16 No data, purchased from "Zookeeper," Sandy, Utah 2013 Deinagkistrodon acutus 12g April 13 0.5 mi E. Plano Rd. on Ludwig Rd., Sonoma Co., California 2014 Dryolysterna figinium coll. C. Brown, November 25, 1987 large, 3 spots on head 0.1 mi. S. of Millbrae on Primrose Rd., Sonoma Co., California 2015 Arbolysterna figinium coll. C. Brown, January 13, 1990 4 spots on head April 20 3.7 mi N. of Natural Trails Hwy m Kelbaker Rd., San Bernardino Co., California 2016 Trimorphodon biscutatus AOR after dark, coll. B. E. Dial 14.5g ~9 mi. SE Kelso on Kelbaker Rd., San Bernardino Co., California ~2.2g 2017 Dryina dogana AOR coll. S. & M. Secor, regurg. of Uta stansburiana bf ~6 mi. N. I-40 on Kelbaker Rd., San Bernardino Co., California 2018 Lampropeltis getulus AOR coll. K. Autumn June 3 Core Spring, E. side of Granite Mtns., San Bernardino Co., California 2019 Liodyura hirtigata found dead by F. Smith, May 25, 1990 June 4 10.9 mi S. Kelso on Kelbaker Rd., San Bernardino Co., California 2020 Crotalus scutulatus AOR 2030 hz. 36g June 16 No data, received from S.F. Humane Society 2021 Phalysteron magacephalum rec'd May, 1990 Jaffayette Reservoir, Contra Costa Co., California 2022 Nerodia sbon bifera collected June 2, 1990, 2023 Nerodia sbon bifera Miles Young

Greene, H. 1990 July 7 La Selva Biological Station, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 2024 Bufo melanochloris coll. M. Kaspari, June 17, 1990, see field notes 2025 Bothrops asper coll. June 22, 1990 13/0+253 mm, 5'/5's 2026 Corallus annulatus coll. E.D. Brodie & C. Vargas, April 4, 1990, see notes 365g 2027 Seirus granatensis removed from stomach of HW# 2026 2028 Lachesis muta coll. July 7, 1989, see field notes 2029 Nothopsis rugosus coll. July 5, 1990, 5.8g, 248+110 mm, σ July 8 Chilamate, Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 2030 Bothrops nasutus coll. unknown, ~June 25, 1990 "Pura Avis", near Horquetas, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 2031 Urotherca euryzona coll. C. Guyer, ~June 20, 1990 (stomach contents ok) July 11 La Selva Biological Station, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 53'+29'/mm, 38g 2032 Dendrophidion vinitor coll. C. Guyer, June 25, 1990; died today 2033 Sibon longifensis coll. ~June 23, 1990, M. Fogden 2034 Iriantodes cerchoa coll. ~July 5, 1990 2035 Spilotes pullatus coll. ~July 1, 1990, M. Fogden 2036 Bothrops nasutus coll. June 29, 1990 Monteverde, Puntarenas Prov., Costa Rica 2037 Bothrops nigroviridis coll. June, 1990, M. & F. Fogden July 12 La Selva Biological Station, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica 2038 Nothopsis rugosus 2/33hr, 1.7g, 170+77, ♀? 2039 Corallus annulatus coll. ~July 1, 1990 July 29 Kenya, no other data 2040 Telescopus semiannulatus } 2041 Telescopus semiannulatus } rec'd on loan from C.H.S., R. Z. Drewes N. edge of Granite Mtns., San Bernardino C., California 2042 Crotalus mitchelli coll. April 22, 1990

Greene, Id. 1990 July 29 No data received from J. B. Zozos 2043 Phelsuma madagascariensis 2044 Geleko gecko 2045 Geleko gecko August 9 23.0 mi SW State Line Rd. on U.S. 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2046 Sistrurus catenatus 1930m AOE, 328+37mm, 37g 4 segments (buttle) feces saved 22.7 mi SW State Line Rd. on U.S. 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2047 Sistrurus catenatus AOR 1945hr., 305+37mm, 24g, 3 seg (incl. both 22.5 mi SW State Line Rd. on U.S. 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2048 Bufo alvarius AOR 1948hr. 22.0 mi SW State Line Rd. on U.S. 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2049 Crotalus atrox AOR/DOR 1952 hr. 17.2 mi SW State Line Rd. on U.S. 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2050 Rhinocleilus decontai DOR 2040hr. Portal, Cochise Co., Arizona 2051 Crotalus molossus #/230hr, basking in rockwall skin folds part partings 848+42mm, 228g 8 segments (vircopt) August 10 Jet. Rucker Canyon Rd. and U.S. 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2052 Eumeces obseletus under rock 10/5hr, 80+134mm, 13.2g Mulberry Draw, 21.2 mi SW State Line Rd. on U.S. 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2053 Eumeces obseletus under board at 11/10hr, 91+108mm, 20g Jet. Rucker Canyon Rd. and U.S. 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2054 Sceloporus undulatus 59+78mm, 7.1g 2055 Sceloporus undulatus 53+78mm, 5.9g 200 m. NE Paradise on Caleville Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2056 Crotalus molossus coll. D.L. Hardy, July 27, 1990 7/0+40mm 204 g August 11 23.5 mi SW State Line Rd. on U.S. 80, Cochise Co., Arizona snake released 2057 Crotalus atrox AOR 2052hr 936+87mm, 630g +88g of prey

11 typod 2305 6305 4205 9205 8205 1725 1625 1625 3205 2405 3405

Freese, H. 1990 August 11 24.4 mi SW State Line Rd. on U.S. 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2058 Crotalus scutulatus AOR 2067 hr., 79S + 78 mm, 432 g August 13 7.7 mi SW State Line Rd. on U.S. 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2059 Lampropeltis getulus AOR 2107 hr. 5.4 mi E. Portal on Portal Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2060 Bufo debilis ♀ AOR 2130 hr. 4.0 mi E. Portal on Portal Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2061 Bufo cognatus AOR 2136 hr. 8.4 mi. E. of U.S. 80 on Hwy 9, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico 2062 Crotalus atrox AOR 2052 hr., 717 + 45 mm ♀, 248.7 g released August 15 33 mi W. Portal on Rd. to Paradise, Cochise Co., Arizona 2063 Tantilla yaguaia coll. T. H. Snell, June 15, 1990 No specific locality Hidalgo Co., New Mexico 2064 Tantilla nigricans {coll. B. Torberlin and T. A. Snell, 2065 Gyalopion canum } July, 1990 E. of Portal on Portal Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2066 Gyalopion carum coll. T. A. Snell, July, 1990 - lost, fed to Diadophis Portal, Cochise Co., Arizona 2067 Diadophis punctatus coll. B. Torberlin, July, 1990 5.4 mi E. Portal on Portal Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2068 Bufo debilis ♂ AOR # 2/15 hr. August 16 10.8 mi. SW State Line Rd. on Hwy 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2069 Crotalus scutulatus AOR 1923 hr 24.1 mi. SW State Line Rd. on Hwy 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2070 Pituophis melanoleucus # /DOR 1945 hr

Heene, H. 1990 August 16 24.5 mi SW State Line Rd. on Hwy 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2071 Crotalus scutulatus AOR/DOR 1953 hr 3.8 mi. E. Portal on Portal Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2072 Micruroides euryxanthus AOR/DOR 2136 hr., 9 g, 349+29 mm 2073 Gyalopion canum AOR 2136 hr Granite Gap, 18.3 mi. N. Rodeo on Hwy 80, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico 2074 Crotalus molossus ♀, 780+39 mm, 385 g, found mating August 17 0.4 mi W. Portal on Care Creek Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2075 Micruroides euryxanthus AOR 1930 hr 4.5 mi. E. Portal on Portal Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2076 Crotalus scutulatus AOR 1943 hr. August 19 6.8 mi. E. Portal on Portal Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2077 Crotalus scutulatus AOR/DOR 1948 hr. 1.8 mi. N. Rodeo on Hwy 80, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico 2078 Crotalus molossus AOR 1954 hr., 209 g, 710+54 mm 15.0 mi SW State Line Rd. on Hwy 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2079 Crotalus scutulatus DOR 2015 hr. 20.4 mi SW State Line Rd. on Hwy 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2080 Crotalus scutulatus DOR 2023 hr. 2 mi E. Hwy 80 on Hwy 9, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico 2081 Crotalus scutulatus SVL 530 cm probably saved DOR coll. B. Tortellin, August 17, 1990 August 20 ≈4 mi E. Portal on Portal Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2082 Rhinocelius decortei AOR 2147 hr. 575+106 mm, 94 g ≈3 mi E. Portal on Portal Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2083 Crotalus scutulatus AOR 2156 hr August 21 ≈2 mi N. of Big Hatchet Mtns., Hidalgo Co., New Mexico 2084 Crotalus viridis AOR 0840 hr. ♂ 531+45 mm, 100 g

[illegible]

Green, H. 1990 August 21 0.8 mi W. Care Creek Rd. on Rd. to Paradise, Cochise Co., Arizona 2085 Crotalus mollissus AOR 1410m, 918+66 mm, 580 g 3.0 mi E. Portal on Portal Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2086 Crotalus scutulatus AOR 1924 m 23.5 mi SW State Line Rd. on Hwy 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2087 Sedopendra keros AOR 2045 m 21.0 mi SW State Line Rd. on Hwy 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2088 Sistrurus catenatus AOR 2056m, ? 320+37 mm, 28 g August 22 18.7 mi SW State Line Rd. on Hwy 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2089 Rhinocheilus lecontei AOR 1944 m 22.4 mi SW State Line Rd. on Hwy 80, Cochise Co., Arizona 2090 Crotalus scutulatus AOR 2020 m. August 23 Portal, Cochise Co., Arizona 2091 Tantilla nigriceps AOR coll. B. Torberlin, August 21, 1990 ~1 mi. E. Portal on Portal Rd., Cochise Co., Arizona 2092 Crotalus atrox ad. ? released, saved, B. Torberlin, August 1990 October 1 7 mi W. Animas on Hwy 9, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico 2093 bird captured by Mustelipus lillvatus (SV 90 cm), coll. B. Torberlin September 26, 1990 3 mi S. Pearce, Cochise Co., Arizona 2094 Jan propeltis gutula DOR 6885 m, coll. J. M. Matter, Sept 30, 1990

[illegible]

Azane, lt. 1990 October 26 Ruhizha, Kabale Disti., Uganda 7750' el. 2096 Adolfo sp. ♀ 75+85mm 9g 2097 adolfus sp. ♂ 83+136mm 14g 2098 adolfus sp. fresh eggs, "site #1" 2099 adolfus sp. old eggs, "site #1" 2100 Adolfo sp. fresh eggs, "site #2" 2101 adolfus sp. old eggs, "site #2" 2102 Chameleo johnstoni ♀ 91+101mm 19.5g October 27 Ruhizha, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Kabale Disti., Uganda 7750' el. 2103 skirle active 0950hr Mulbwindi Swamp, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Kabale Disti., Uganda 7000'd. 2104 Chameleo sp. asleep on branch at approx 2230hr 2.8g October 28 Ridge NE of Mulbwindi Swamp, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Kabale Disti., Uganda 2105 Hyperolius sp. on branch over trail after dark 7000' el. October 29 Ridge NE of Mulbwindi Swamp, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Kabale Disti., Uganda 2106 Bufo sp. active at 1220hr approx 7400' el. 2107 Bufo sp. active at 1223hr approx 7400' el. October 30 Ruhizha, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Kabale Disti., Uganda 7850' el. 2108 Adolfo sp. old eggs "site 3" 2109 Adolfo sp. old eggs "site 4" 2110 Adolfo sp. fresh eggs "site 4" 2111 Bufo sp. active beside rd. at 1628hr November 1 Kitahurina, NE edge of Bwindi Forest Reserve, Rukungiri Disti., Uganda 2112 Bitis nasicornis Fgs. 2.1kg, 1000+90mm, DOR 1320 hr. November 2 Bukoma, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Rukungiri Disti., Uganda 2113 Rhampholeon head down on vertical leaf 30cm above ground, 1m from stream 2.5g 2114 Hyperolius calling over stream at night

Keene, H. 1990 November 3 Osebijanja Swamp, Itare Hills, Burindi Forest Reserve, Rukungizi Dist., Uganda 2115 Phlyctimantis verrucosus 2116 Hyperolius 2117 Hyperolius 2118 Hyperolius Africalus November 4 [illegible] Osebijanja Swamp, Itare Hills, Burindi Forest Reserve, Rukungizi Dist., Uganda 2119 Bufo active on trail 1250m. Buhoma, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Rukungizi Dist., Uganda 2120 Dipsadboa coll. J. P.O'Brian 728+157mm 55g 2121 Rana cf. angolensis 31+g 2122 Dasyopelis atra coll. J. Vendam November 5 Buhoma, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Rukungizi Dist., Uganda 2123 Bufo male orange, found by Game Guard, 4M 2124 Bufo male orange, in wet grass at 1650m 2125 Leptopelis on shrub 2 m above trail, 2033h 2126 Rana cf. angolensis on fern in stream riffle, 2119 h. 2127 Hyperolius "red" 60cm above stream bank on fern, 2127 h 2128 Petropedetes } or ferns on boulders, in fast ripples, 2129 Petropedetes 30-50cm high, 2130h 2130 Rana cf. angolensis 50cm above mid-riffle on big fern, 2138 h 2131 Hyperolius "brown w/ stripes" on branch 3m over stream, 2143h 2132 Dipsadboa 476+95mm 18.5g 2133 Hyperolius "red" palped from HWG-2132, swallowed head-first, 2.3g November 7 Ishasha Gorge, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Rukungizi Dist., Uganda 2134 Chameleon ellicotti asleep 3m above ground on grass, 2045h, 7g 2/15 h. 6.1g 2135 Atherus squamiger 3m above swamp edge on branch - seafield note.

Here, lt. 1990 November 8 Ngoto Swamp, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Rukungiri Dist., Uganda 2136 Hylarana albotalris 70cm high on twig, 2204 h. 21.7g November 9 Ngoto Swamp, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Rukungiri Dist., Uganda 2137 Hyperolius asleep on leaf, 2m above ground, edge of swamp (040h) November 11 Ruhisha, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Kabale Dist., Uganda 2138 Chameleo johnstoni 3m up on stem in sun, head down, /6/5h. 56g November 12 Ruhisha, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Kabale Dist., Uganda 2139 Adolpus active in roadside grass, 1223 h., 5.6g 2140 Chameleo johnstoni 60cm above ground in overy sun, coll. R.C. Drax 2141 Adolpus eggs, fresh, "site # 5" 2142 Adolpus eggs, old, "site # 5" 2143 Adolpus eggs, fresh, "site 6" 2144 Adolpus egg, old, "site 6" November 15 Bugolobi Hill, Kampala, Kampala Dist., Uganda 2145 Bufo cf. regularus active in suburban yard, 2/30 h. december 23 Santa Rosa National Park, Guanacaste Prov., Costa Rica 2146 Agkistrodon bilineatus coll. park guards through A. Solizano *December 1, 1990

H. Greene 1990 Journal 1990 Costa Rica: La Selva Biological Station Arizona: Cochise Co. New Mexico: Hidalgo Co. Kenya: Nairobi Uganda: Bwindi Forest Reserve Costa Rica: La Selva Biological Station

Heene, H. 1990 March 26 La Selva Biological Station, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica Arrived here ~ 1045 hr on the OTS car. Left Berkeley on the 23rd and made to San Jose in one day on Pan Am. Spent that night w/ Pedro Jean and his family in Escazu, then moved to the Hotel Presidente for Saturday and Sunday. Sunday at 0715 hr was awakened by the 6th floor where I stayed swaying and rocking, a 5.8 quake that lasted long enough I was up and in the doorway. Ten minutes later, awakened again by a 6.9 quake, hard enough it was in jeans and down the stairs by the time it stopped. The Hotel Bolmoral across the street had a crack running down it's height, and many store windows broke. The epicenter was near Puntarenas, and I heard that several buildings and houses collapsed in that area. When we arrived here Ronald Suarez showed us his pet Gallineto, ~3 months old and very tame. Follows him, comes when called, and plays without biting hard tho it has well developed teeth. David Wallace, a writer from Berkeley, agrees that in life it seems wolverine-like, something I never perceived from the literature or museum skins. When exploring, the gibbon's head is to the ground and its "snuffling" at cracks, door bolters, etc. is easily heard from 7 / m. After lunch David and I located "Carol" the Bothrops casper w/ transmitter (151.315) in ~20 minutes. She is ~30-40 m N. of the CES(at the site on trail where originally caught). Snake is in what seems

Freese, H. 1990 March 26 La Selva Biological Station, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica Arrived here ~ 1045 hr on the OTS car. Left Berkeley on the 23rd and made to San Jose in one day on Pan Am. Spent that night w/ Pedro Jean and his family in Escazu, then moved to the Hotel Presidente for Saturday and Sunday. Sunday at 0715 hr was awakened by the 6th floor where I stayed swaying and rocking, a 5.8 quake that lasted long enough I was up and in the doorway. Ten minutes later, awakened again by a 6.9 quake, hard enough I was in jeans and down the stairs by the time it stopped. The Hotel Bolnoral across the street had a crack running down it's height, and many store windows broke. The epicenter was near Puntarenas, and I heard that several buildings and houses collapsed in that area. When we arrived here Ronald Suarez showed us his pet Gallictis, ~3 months old and very tame. Follows him comes when called, and plays without biting hard tho it has well developed teeth. David Wallace, a writer from Berkeley, agrees that in life it seems wolverine-like, something I never perceived from the literature or museum skins. When exploring, the grison's head is to the ground, and its

Freese, H. 1996 March 26 (continued) like an old gap, w/old follow large [zarche], leaves of dried palm leaves, etc. Lot of vine tangles. I found her in a flat compact coil against a small (~several cm φ) tree and its small buttresses, I was almost on top of her and her head was pointing at me -- this was ~3/45 hr whereas when I returned at ~1530 w/ Alejandro Sloyaro she was facing W., perhaps in the latter posture she would intercept something passing from either direction between the two trees, whereas the first time I approached she had perceived me and was waiting? Second time there was a slight head movement once or twice as we (including Wolfgang Wiiste -- recent PhD on Naja under Roger Thorpe at Aberdeen) stood a few meters away. At ~1700 h we saw an adult Eira barbara near the Clarks' house, carrying a large fruit in its mouth and moving away into the forest edge. As I came back across the bridge at ~1915h, Joanna Burger (Rutgers U.) showed me a coendron rapidly coming down the upper bridge cable (it was so agile I at first thought it was Calucomys); then puresoespin then descended an adjacent sapling into riverbank vegetation. I could clearly see its prehensile tail in action, twisted (not curled - except maybe most distally) around limbs. ~200 h Alejandro Sloyaro caught an adult ♀ Enulus selateri (shelled eggs visible - ≥3), 12g, 285+173 mm.

Greer, H. 1990 March 26 This snake often has a broken tail, but this ?'s is complete. (continued) When restrained she thrashes violently and wraps the tail around fingers, much like what I observed last year in Urotheca. Light rain from time to time in the evening, but when I checked the swamp (

Heane, H. 1990 f: 165 Kg (spine shows, not thin), 1750+230 mm (TL/98m) (spine missing) March 27 with freq. 15/.315 MHz to a Telonics at (continued) 15/.270 (originally .250). The previous unit seemed to have slipped external to the ribs and was easily visible as a lateral bulge, but the incision had healed perfectly and there was no evidence of any problem. I made a new incision at the posterior end, removed the old unit without difficulty, and put the new one in the same hole. I had difficulty getting under the ribs, but there was little bloody. A visiting MD from Puerto Viejo closed the two incisions with dissolvable sutures -- took the snake approx 2 hrs to regain movement, but by after dinner she seemed OK. After dinner David Wallace and I walked to approx 500 m on the CES and saw only a juvenile Hyla rufitela, then through the Carlisana Swamp - virtually no frog activity, but I found a small adult Leptodeira septentrionalis lixj along a small vine or limb (d approx 3cm) approx 0.5 m above the slope on its E side. Coming back in on the SOR David spotted an echymised rat in a sturdy hollow tree trunk. It had distinct [an erect- fright?] posteriorly spirose fur, a white belly, and a vagely tricolor tail. Dorsum grayish brown, tending to lighter on the sides. I guess it was a 250g rat. While we watched it began to eat from what looked like a small group of Welfia

Greene, H. 1970 March 27 (continued) seeds (green & brown), using its forelimbs to manipulate (but not really sitting back on its hindlimbs). March 28 ~0800 we released the two Bothrops asper at their capture site. The male glided up ~1.2 m into an adjacent vine tangle and disappeared. The ? glided to the N then slowed w/in 3 m to a rectilinear (?-slight curves) crawl and turned W in an arc. She froze at my approach and we left her. From ~09:00 hr to 1/40 hr walked w/ Joanna Burger & her friend Miles ?, Wolfgang Winter, & David Wallace - out CES, LOC to 1750m, back via SSO, CCC, and SOR. At a small stream in the LOC we found a Rhinoclemmys (~9 am) in wet gravel beside it. Then a harpyodens triangulum's (adult) shed skin coming out of an Otta mowal at ~1/600m LOC. Wolfgang missed what might have been Rhadinae decorata in litter beside the trail at ~8/1000hr. The workmen gave me an adult Dejidophyna flavimaculatum they found in reconstructing the old lab. Joel Heiner (School of Natural Resources, Univ. Michigan) found three Notopsosis rugosus w/ stomach contents in his little surveys: 1 Eleutheroedactyls transfordi, 1 Eleuth. sp., and 1 set of >=6 cf. Eleuth eggs. Batch Brodie saw a Micrurus nigrocinetus at night with a Tepidophyga

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Greene, H. 1990 March 28 (continued) is its mouth. Nozi Guzman from INDERENA in Colombia showed me the shed skin of an adult Clelia clelia she found today among buttresses of a tree, at ≈1330 hr. Butch Brodie & I relocated the ♀ Bothrops asper coiled near a large fallen log, ≈10 m farther N or NNW of original capture site. The scene is roughly: 1 = tree where 1st seen 2 = vine tangle 3 = fallen log 1st aculete seen inboardwalk ≈55-60m. from CES from origin SOC Joaquin Then David, Butch and I spent a frustrating hour because I briefly caught the signal at ≈151.395 of a Boa constrictor David Hardy implanted last August. Then we floated the Puerto Viejo from Rafael's House to the Old River Station, [illegible] nice, but saw no animals. David King saw a Lachesis muta today, coiled beside the connector between the Sendero Jagua and the LOC. after dinner there was a Potos flavus eating

Greene, H. 1990 March 28 fruit in the Cecropia tree on the S. side of the (continued) bridge, from which I observed the sloth fight in 1987. Forgot to mention that at x 1500m a tourist spotted the bright yellow throat of a Pseustes pselodotes pictusis from the eves of the Old River Station. It was x1.2m TL, no food in stomach, and slightly inflated the throat only under repeated threats. Otherwise just rapid crawling. March 29 This morning I handled the Erylius after it had been out of the air conditioned lab >12hrs, thus presumably at normal temperatures. This snake responds to being seized by rapid locomotion and squeezing, and repeatedly wraps up to three loops of its long tail around my fingers. While the tail is thus applied, its spine tip makes "poking" movements against the fingers. When seized firmly by the tail it spun violently and broke off 1 1/2, which I dropped and fined. There was no obvious blood on the snake or tail piece. It flipped rapidly (>1/second) and symmetrically in a sinusous repeaty pattern like I observed last year for Urttcea euryzona. It moved a few cm at first, but not thereafter in space, and changed side up at least 4 times displaying white or black. By 1'30" the tail was slowly and tendry to coil in a knot. At 3'10" it stop in a tight spiral and moves slowly when pinched. At5'20" coils if uncoiled but otherwise immobile. at 6'18" still moves slightly. at 16'30" and 21'00" the tail still moves slowly if pinched, and contracts to a knot like coil.

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Heese, H. 1990 March 29 at 22'00" I could see slight movement when the tail (continued) was pinched, but it did not contract to a coil and I ceased observations (snake released). Jeff Ja Selva x0700h and rode to San Jose with Joanna Burger and her husband Michael.

Freese, H. 1990 June 2 Rigrah Lava Flow, San Bernardino Co., California Road hunte our old two mile stretch on National Trail Hwy, from the railroad crossing west to the Laric Mts RD from ~20-2200 hrs. 34 mom, hot day, conditins seemed good - but we saw no snakes, only a juvenile coluburus draconoides (which ran in the dark to escape us) and an adult ♂ Colonyx variogatus. June 3 Granite Mtns. National Reserve, San Bernardino Co., California arrived here ~1300 hr to visit Phillipe Ecken and Cindy Stead, the reserve managers. They have frozen for me an adult Lichanura trivigata. The rosy boa was found by Felicia Smith (grad student, U.C. Riverside) deal of a head injury, coiled on top a boulder at Cave Spring here in the Granites. We surmise a squirrel might have killed it. Snake was fresh when found, ~ May 26-27 of this last month. The boa was frozen and preserved in appropriately (at least) the posture in which it was discovered. June 4 ~0800 Cindy showed me a small adult (~1.2 m) Nastrophis flagellum in open sun, just outside their house and near a boulder and a small tree (this is in Granite Cove). She says she sees coachships around the house w/ some frequency, perhaps attracted by water. This snake had precisely the antibien black head and neck, elevated and perpindicular to the sun, as if basking. It seemed to see

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Greene, H. 1990 June 4 (continued) me (as evidenced by pupil movements), perched on a boulder w/ binoculars ~5m away. After ~5 min of immobility the head was lowered and the snake crawled slowly (several meters/min) w/ head periodically directed to the side or down at which time the tongue was protruded. Seemed to be prowling. From ~0900-1600 Claudia, Tuke and I drove north into southern Nye Co. and back to Granite Cove. We drove north on Kelbaker, turning NE on Eakin Mine Rd., which took us over a spectacular black lava field w/ several large red cinder cones. Besides many Callisaurus draconoides and Cnemidophorus digitus, we saw a black Gutaphytus tincntosre basking on a rock, which escaped; a large scarred Sanfelicia w/ red marks, also on a rock in full sun; and a Phrynosoma platyphrios - this on Lima Dome, ~0.3m above ground in sun on the rim of a fallen Joshua tree trunk (photos). Drove north on the road from Lima (we came out on it from a dirt 1-lane ranch road), across I-15 and north around the east edge and over the Kingston range, finally through [? Tecopa] and south on Hwy 127 to Baker and back to the Granitos.

Freare, H. 1990 June 18 La Selva Biological Station, Heredia Province, Costa Rica Arrived here @ 0945 hr via the highway through Braulio Carillo National Park. Managed to catch my plane out of San Francisco yesterday AM despite an airport van driver who was still lost in the Oakland hills 45 min before flight time. Met at the airport by Alejandro Solerzano, Sergio Miranda (co-owners of the Serpantario in San Jose), and John Cable (ANSP here to collect for a month), and spent the night at Hotel Galicia. Billie and David Hardy from Tucson had arrived at La Selva on the 15th to work together for two weeks, and Wendy Roberto (one of my graduate students) had arrived here in late May. Everyone is saying that snakes have been scarce lately. As I walked to the River Station for the first time after lunch, at 1356 hr I saw a neonate Micrurus nigrocinctus (186+20 mm, 1.8g) crawling rapidly on the sidewalk. Snake appeared at first glance brightly ringed. When I seized it with a plastic bag the snake thrashed wildly (no oval separate tail display) and bit by swiveling its head to the side and holding the plastic bag in its jaws. Dave Hardy and I went to a tree where he located the radio signal at 151.270 MHz, a transmitter I implanted in a ~2m Bothrops asper. Snake is obviously somewhere under the tree (a Pentaclethra?) and there are two or three possible burrow entrances. Dave checked again after dark, but as yet we've

Freer, H. 1990 June 18 (continued) not seen the snake. At ~1910h an Earthwatch volunteer took to the steps just on the way to the fire station from the lab clearing, where an adult Bothrops asper (~1.5m) was frozen crawling off the sidewalk. Took me several tries to get it hooked into the garbage can, but the snake's repeated response was to crawl away from me. ~2030h Dave & Billie Hardy caught an adult Micrurus nigrocinctus (F, 785+90mm, 7?g, possible eggs palped) active at trail's edge. About the same time Billie saw an ocelot, Felis pardalis, at CES 50. From ~2130-2215 the Hardys & Wendy and I walked on the inundated (~8") boardwalks in the Sendero Cantarana. Saw & heard several Hyla leguami and H. straccatta, a Synbranchus (coming out from under water log), and an adult Leptodeira septentrionalis. The snake was crawling slowly, tongue flicking, w/ its head on the slender branches ~2.5m above the water surface. Tail was not used prehensilely. June 19 Billie Hardy told me there was a brief shower ~0100h, but today was generally sunny. Dave, Wendy, & I walked out SOR, Holridge, Sendero Suampos and the CCL between ~0800-1000hs. We found fresh Panthera onca tracks traveling west for ~50-75m on the SUA ending at ~SUA600 - a stretch that parallels the stream. On a good clear set of tracks I measured the pool as 83mm and

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Green, H. 1990 June 19 (continued) The tips of the splayed toes at 120 mm. Then, perhaps 400 m further west at the junction of CC & SUA we found fresh Felis concolor tracks heading east, with a pad of 55 mm and parallel toes of 82 mm. Identification of the respective tracks seems unambiguous based on shape & size, vide J. Emmons new guide to rainforest mammals. Before lunch we also walked through the "research swamp" at approx CES 200, where Wendy is studying frogs, and out to CES 550', but saw no snakes. Floated down the river this afternoon and saw one protruding rock and two horizontal tree trunks (one fallen at river's edge, are growing out from banks) w/ evidence of or piles of Jutia longicaudus feces. approx 2200 hrs I checked the Cantarana Swamp and saw a >=50 cm Synbranchus protruding out from under a log. When I caught the eel it instantly flipped a meter away and was gone. June 20 From approx 0800-1100 hrs Dave, Billie, and I walked out the CES, LOC, and back in to the station by 550 ad CCL. At 550-800 we found a very old cat scat -- or at least a pile of bone chips, teeth, and a little fur in mid-trail. Also cf. ? Nopope borunius on a tree trunk. From approx 2000 - 2200 hrs. we walked out SOR # 5140 to the successional plots, then through them and back in to the Sendero Cantarana via SSE and SOR. At 1945 hrs Billie spotted

Greene, H. 1990 June 20 (continued) an adult Micrurus nigrocinctus (♂,555+96mm, 51.6g) crawling off the trail at ≈SQR 200 m. When I pinned the snake w/ a foot, it thrashed, coiled and waved the tail, and bit rapidly and repeatedly. At 2040 hrs. Billie spotted a smaller adult M. nigrocinctus in the successional plots, but I was unable to pin it before the snake rapidly crawled out of sight in dense vegetation. In both cases the bright tricolored pattern was obvious and I did not experience flicker-fusion of the bands. At 2119 hrs. Dave found an adult Septemaria septentrionalis crawling at ≈3 m up in the large open tree ≈1/3 into the Cartasana Swamp from the W. end, S. of the board- walk. Snake was crawling slowly along a limb (≈ same diameter as snake), tongue flicking w/ head against limb. At 2125 I found a gravid ♀ I. septentrionalis <1 m above water near the W. end of the swamp, ascending a ≈15 an diameter tree on which there was an arboreal Tarantula at ≈ 3m. The snake was crawling in part on vine that ascended the trunk. When handled she thrashed and smelled very foul. June 21 Dave and Billie found a Rhadinaea decorata ≈0600 hrs on the path between the lab clearing and the Old River Station (4.8g, 212+136 mm). At 0700hrs two workmen showed me a Bothrops asper they found in the grassy lab clearing, under an object (22 g

Breeze, H. 1996 June 21 (continued) 352 + 28 + ? mm), a F w/ tip of her tail clearly missing. I palpated a mouse from her w/ a 90mm tail and body smaller than adult bol mouse (based on hindquarters); judging from small hindlegs and feet, long tail, and general appearance, it is cf. Onychomys fulvescens as pictured in Trim et al. (1989). Dave, Wong Roberts, Mary? (student in OTS agroecology course) walked CCC, SSO, and back to the station on CES & LOC between 0830 and 1130 hrs. We saw a few anoles and Elbutterdady, and the shed skin of an adult Boa constrictor at LOC 450m. From ~2100-2200h I led ~10 students from the OTS agroecology course out to SOR 600m and back through the Sendero Cantarana. We saw a Dasypus novemcinctus rooting in leaf litter ~2100hr beside the sidewalk to the River Station. At ~2200h there were two Leptodeira septentrionalis adults in the large open tree where we've seen one the past few nights. June 22 Rained during the night and some scattered showers during the day. This afternoon Dave, Billie, and I dug up the skeleton of a large viper ~1m from the base of a tree where we got the strongest signal from [5/.270 MHz] (the radio I implanted in F Bothrops asper in March. Several ribs are broken, suggesting predation or scavenging of the snake. June 23 Heavy but brief shower during breakfast. Photographed animals all morning. At 1930h we found a Ninia sebae (adult, not processed) that thrashed when

Here, H. 1990 June 23 (continued) seized. At 2120 hrs, 150 CES, Dave spotted an Iwamotodes cenchoa (11.1g, 575+191mm) in leaves beside the trail. At 2155hrs I saw an adult Leptodeira septentrionalis at >3m above water, in a tree in the Sendero Cantarana swamp, crawling slowly, moving the head laterally on the limb surface and tongue flicking. June 24 This afternoon Dave and Billie Hardy and I walked out the CES, SAT, and Sendero Rikeseño to the holly car across the Rio Sarapiguí, then back via SJV and SOC. At 1415hrs near the beginning of Sendero Alto we startled a juvenile ♀ Bothrops asper in the trail - she had an aberrant striped pattern which Dave photographed, and seemed thin. June 25 Today I lead three orientation walks for the O.T.S. tropical biology course - the first around the loop trail (CCC & CCL) and each of the others out SOR to ≈ Holdidge 600m. Saw no snakes. June 26 Dave and Billie and I walked out SOR to Holdidge, then over the Sendero El Swampo and back via Carroiro Central and CCL. There was a hard rain during and after breakfast, so the strong cat urine smell at SUA 190m had to be fresh at 1020 hrs. At 1030hrs, SUA 350m, I found a very fresh large cat scat. Shortly, thereafter we found Panthera onca tracks in mud between the trail and stream ≈ 500 m on SUA. There were two sizes of tracks:

Greene, H. 1990 June 26 (continued) pad 53 mm, toes 105 mm; and pad 69 mm, toes 115 mm - perhaps a slightly smaller cat than we recorded here a few days ago. at ~2115 m, ~CES 130 m, Anna Graybeal (U.C. Berkeley student in the tropical biology course) and Wendy Roberts found an Omartodes conchoca next to the boardwalk on the ground (11.5 g, 565+240 mm). June 27 With Billie and David Hardy and Anna Graybeal, walked out SOR, SHO, SUA, Camino Central to 1350 m, and back via CCL. Caught a juvenile Bufo haematidus in litter beside SHO at 75 m. Saw a few, seemingly fresh Panthera onca tracks at ~SUA 550 m, ~ same size as seen there this past week. After dark, Michael and Patricia Fogden caught two Silbon longipenis along the sidewalk going to the Old River Station (14 g, 400+150 mm; 6.2 g, 311+144 mm). June 28 After dinner Dave and Billie Hardy and I walked out the Sendero Suria, through the Arboretum. at SUA ~150 m Billie spotted a large ~Micrurus microleucus crawling slowly around a small tree at trailsides at 2008 hrs. During the next 6 minutes the snake crawled slowly, covering ~1 meter, poking its head under leaves and tongue flicking. At 2014 hr I moved one foot lightly and the coral snake crawled quickly (but not rapidly) into a small [illegible] hole at the base of the tree. Only thing we saw in the Arboretum was an adult Eleutherodactyls fitzingeri in midtrail.

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Greese, H. 1990 June 28 (continued) at 2134 hr I saw a small adult Leptodeira septentrionalis in the Cantarana Swamp, >3m above water in a small Pentaclethra (?) on the north side of the boardwalk, soon after it goes out over the water. The snake was ≈ same size as one seen on the "Jarantula tree" (see June 20), a sightly not far from this one (same snake?). This snake was stretched along a downward sloping limb ≈ its own diameter, w/ head dropped down a few cm and poking into a mass of suspended moss – the snake seemed to be struggling, pulling and pushing its head through the moss, and since no jaw movement or prey item was seen I surmised that perhaps the animal was shedding. at 2140hr Dave Hardy showed me an adult Sibon longifrenis and a giant Leptodeira septentrionalis in a larger Pentaclethra tree south (SE?) of the boardwalk, ≈3 m above the swamp water surface. The S. longifrenis was crawling slowly on a branch ≈ its own diameter, w/ >6 lateral bends of its body, and I was impressed w/ the easy visibility (by flashlight from several meters distance) of its distinct ventrolateral red spots – although overall the snake was not easy to see. The very large L. septentrionalis was crawling slowly along a limb, tongue flicking. at 2150 hr Dave showed me another adult L. septentrionalis in a tall swag in the NE portion of the swamp, 7-8 meters above the water – I think

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Kleeve, H. 1990 June 28 (continued) The same tree in which he and I saw one in a previous year. At 2328 hr I passed back through the Cartazana Swamp on my way to the River Station and spotted the same giant Dryptodera septentrionalis, a meter or two from where it was seen earlier this evening, eating eggs of Azelychris saltator. The snake was draped over a vertical link >= 2 x its own diameter, holding the trunk by a series of fairly light links in the body that alternating over to opposite sides of the link. Every few seconds it pushed its head perpendicularly and laterally into the dense moss that surrounded the link; initially w/ a strike-like jab, then the neck quivered or moved laterally more slowly. Between such bouts the head was withdrawn a few cm and I could see unilateral jaw movements, but never an actual item (I did not have binoculars and was observing from a distance of 4-5 m). I surmise that this snake (and the other one earlier this evening were eating frog eggs, because this species has been seen eating eggs of A. callidryas and Wendy Roberts has seen numerous clutches of A. saltator laid (

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Hoare, H. 1990 June 29 (continued) but only because it moved as Dave walked by. At 0909h at CCL 105 meters Dave saw a gravid ? Rhadinaea decorata crawling rapidly in leaf litter; he grabbed the snake just as it disappeared into a (krown?) hole. Dave and Billie left on the car after lunch. At 2355 h in the Cartarana Swamp I saw a small adult Leptodeira septentrionalis in the largest small Patacabra, south of the boardwalk, and the same (I think) giant Leptodeira septentrionalis in the same place as last night. It was draped over the same limb, repeatedly pushing its head into a ~ 20 cm vertical stalk of moss just below where it was last night, and evidently -- judging from some repeated behavior as last night -- eating Agalychnis saltator eggs. I took two photos of it w/ a 200 mm lens, 1.4 X teleconverter, and flash. June 30 From ~ 0830-1030 h I walked out SCR, SHO, through SUA and back via CCL w/ Kristen Ranstadt (Yale School of Forestry). After Dave went to the swamp at ~CE5 200m, where Wendy Roberts is studying the breeding biology of leaf-laying frogs. We saw numerous frogs of various species, and one Leptodeira septentrionalis -- laid out on a horizontal branch, with head extended in space and immobile. ~ 2130-2200 h Wendy and I went to the Cartarana Swamp in a downpour w/ scabbed lighting. Saw a small adult Le. septentrionalis ~4 m above the water in the same tree as 2134h on June 28. Saw the "giant" L. septentrionalis 1-2 meters from its

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Greene, H. 1990 June 30 site of earlier evenings, crawling slowly and tongue- (continued) flicking. We saw brilliant yellow-green eyeshine of two inguas (Bassariscus astutus) in a palm tree, which because of a misperception of how far away the tree was I thought might be a puma. Que Jonto, no? July 1 With Wendy Roberts, walked out SOR and SSE to x/1000m, then over to SHO and out the CCH for lunch on the bridge. Saw only Steles twice, 2 each time. July 2 Drove to San Jose with Patricia Foyden after breakfast, to work on getting my collecting permit and do some shopping. Alejandro Solozano gave me a photograph of an adult Micrurus nigrocinctus that ingested an eel (swallowed head-first), cf. Synbranchus. July 3 Caught the 0900 hr bus back to La Selva from San Jose. Pretty good rain this afternoon, but only very light drizzle at night. I went through the Cantarana Swamp at ~2115hr and 2330hr and saw no frogs, but because of the moonlight I could walk the boardwalks with no light. Michael Foyden walked on the CES in forest (thus darker) and got 2 Imanthodes inconspicua and one L. cerroa. We saw the latter suspended only by a few cm's of its tail vertically in space, sweeping over leaves and tongue-flicking. July 4 From ~0800-1000 hrs, Wendy and I walked out SOR, CCC, to SSE 900m to check a former nest sight of Azelychmis celestis on a

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Greene, H 1990 July 4 (continued) folded tree. Thereafter I made a quick trip to CES 300 m, but saw no snakes on either walk. at least three local men, including Edwin Paniagua, have told me that snakes are in their "cuevas" now because of rain - but I've been here at rained fires (same month) and seen many more snakes. After dinner Wendy and I were in the Contanana Swamp from ~1940-2050 hr, in a slight drizzle with low frog activity. At 1944hr we spotted a Septemaria septentrionalis ~4 m above the boardwalk in the first good sized tree on the N side as one enters from the west - same size snake and general part of tree as seen here on earlier nights. The snake was near the treetop lying on branches and foliage, hanging its head and neck down through green leaves and tongue-flicking. At ~2015hr we found a large I. septentrionalis ~2 m above the water on a horizontal limb, crawling slowly and tongue-flicking, and several meters from but in same tree as first. Then we spotted a snake (same as earlier,?) snake ~2 m below where the first one was, fixed descending to a clutch of Dryobatis sultator eggs in pendulus moss. Snake tongue-flicked around the moss then repeatedly pushed its head in and ate eggs for >5 minutes, started up and away leaving some eggs, and crawled rapidly

Greene, h. 1990 July 4 (continued) up and out of reach, ~15 minutes later we saw that some snake (?) at ~same height but 2-3m away, again tongue-flicking moss clumps. Perhaps it abandoned the earlier eggs—which clearly were not all consumed—because of our light. I took many telephotos (280mm lens w/ flash f5.6) pictures. July 5 At 2015h Wendy and I found an *Lunarbola inornatus* directly over the beginning of sidewalk at the east end of the Cantarana swamp, ~4.5m up. The snake was crawling slowly and tongue-flicking, horizontally over slender branches and leaves, often w/ a substantial portion of its anterior half extending straight forward. The swamp was exceptionally bright because of a more or less full moon, and we couldn't locate any *Leptodeira* in the usual trees in more open parts. At 2030h we spotted a large *Nothopsis rugosa* crawling toward us, next to the sidewalk down from the lab clearly—surprisingly fast and extended, with a few shallow body beads. I grabbed, had it, the snake squirmed loose, and Wendy grabbed the animal—a surprisingly different response from the others of this species I've seen here, which were always slow. July 6 ~0830-0930h walked through Arboretum, endj over on the far side above the Susa, where Manuel Santana and I radiotracked *Chironius* in the early '80's. I heard rain, looked across the stream, and could see a heavy shower over

Greene, H. 1990 July 5 (continued) here, less than 100 meters distant, yet none on me! From ~2130-2130 hr Wendy Roberts and I walked through the Cantarana Swamp, out to CCC ~700 m, and back through the Cantarana. Saw only an adult Leplodeisa septenionalis ~2 m above water in the Cantarana, north of the boardwalk and west of the "14" sign post, in a leafy shrub. The snake was in a loose coil with head extended, horizontal, and scarcely moving--seemed sensitive to the light. A very brightly moonlit night. We also found an exceptionally cryptic caterpillar on a vertical, dirt-fold strand of palm frond (photographs). July 7 Field notes on the first Bufo melanochlois from La Selva, caught by Michael Kaspari (University of Arizona) on June 17, 1990, at Sendero Ribereno 190 m, in litter of large leaves ~1 m off trail, 1040 hrs., partly cloudy and warm. Michael studies ant ecology, and identified the following in two fecal pellets from the little food: 5 Cyphomyrmex cozmita, 5 Solenopsis generata, 1 coccinellid weevil, 1 Cyphomyrmex minuta, 7 Trachymyrmex cornetzi, and 3 Pheidole sinzoni -- all ants except the weevil. Based on Michael's sampling, the food was "selecting the larger ants available." Today I preserved an adult & Gorallus annulatus (1310+253 mm, 510g) and a Sciurus quadratorius that had been palpied from it (365g). Squirrel showed

Greene, H. 1990 July 7 (continued) evidence of digestion on the face, so obviously was recently ingested. Predator and prey had been frozen for me by Orlando Vargas in April. Wendy and I searched the Canterana Swamp by bright moonlight from approx 2040 - 2130 hrs. As we walked out of the lab at 2035 hrs she spotted a large Eilon reglata (23g, 523+185mm) crawling beside the cant wall. The only snake we saw in the Canterana was at the east edge, approx 3m south of the boardwalk and approx 2 m above water - an adult Leptodeira septemionalis stretched out on a small bush and not crawling. The snake seemed asleep with its body and head strangely twisted so that their vertical aspects faced us (photographs). The snake jerked and shot forward a few cm when Wendy tossed a stick near it. July 8 Went in the CES 200 m swamp with Wendy to help run her frog transect, then checked the Canterana Swamp. At 2044 hrs saw a Leptodeira septemionalis adult, just past the large tree on the west end, south side of boardwalk. The snake was crawling up, then down, a vertical sapling less than its diameter, gripping with alternate lateral shallow loops and the head and neck crooked as if holding the shoot. At 2047 hrs it descended (partly fell a few cm) into leafy foliage approx 1 m below where I first saw it and approx 1 m above the swamp water, then disappeared. Bright moonlit night.

Steve, H. 1990 July 8 (continued) I have a live Bothrops marantius to return alive to Berkeley, brought in by a local conservation group a couple of weeks ago from Gilmanate. The snake looked so heavy I thought it might be gravid, but today appeared a substantial mass of feces (saved). Today I held an adult Dendropidon murinus by the tail, and it twisted free by breaking a piece (38g, 531+291 mm originally). The autotomized piece (2g, 181 mm) wiggled sinuously (same form of motion as I observed in Urothera and Enulius) but slowly, and slowed within a few seconds to faint movements. At 1:06 minutes post autotomy the tail stopped moving, and at 2:29 minutes it wouldn't move when pinched. Michael Fogden told me he has observed this species to break the tail when handled. July 10 Yesterday after lunch Wendy and I went in the OTS car to San Jose for dinner and a movie. Returned this morning with Alejandro Solozano, and from 1500-1700h he and I walked CCC to CC, SUA, and back by SHO and SOR. Saw no cat tracks and caught only Sphenorophus cherriei. See also July 13. July 11 Wendy Roberts and I walked CES, LOC, SSO, CCL, and back via SOR - saw only Felbus. A quote from Wendy: "There's nothing like a small woman chugging up a hill to keep the guys grinding ahead."

Greene, H. 1990 July 12 Wendy and I checked the Cantarana Swamp, but it was dry and quiet - saw only one frog, an adult Azalyphris collidryas. At 2051 hr on open wet ground, west edge of the swamp, I caught a bright red Clelia clelia (74g, 590 +162, ??) crawling slowly and stretched out, head up. When seized, the snake thrashed and expelled noticeable quantities of smelly liquid from the cloaca. At first sight of the solid red snake I still hesitated, asking myself - is that a coral? At 2129 hr, ~100m in SURA a small (not neonate) Bothrops marinus crawled on the boardwalk right behind Wendy, and was obviously and completely sidewinding on bare soil. At 2133 hr, 110m in SURA, Wendy spotted a brightly marked Nothopsis rugosus crawling slowly and stretched out - response to handling was semi-rigid immobility, but when placed on substrate and poked it crawled. David Clark told us that young Clelia here are called "vibora de sangre", regarded as venomous and killed. July 13 Packed to leave after lunch. Forgot to record that at 2005 hr and 2152hr, on July 10, we saw an adult Leptodeira septemlineis ~1 meter above water, at the east end of the Cantarana Swamp, ~3m south of the boardwalk. Snake was immobile with fine

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Greene, H. 1990 July 13 (continued) and stretched horizontal on a limb less than its diameter. at 2209 hr we spotted an adult Ithaca surgya crawling slowly off the trail from the lab leading to the river station. It threatened and circled my fingers several times w/ its complete tail (30.4g, 408+290 mm). at approx 1030 hr Tina Brown called me to see a subadult (approx 1.3 m total length) Hachesis muta at CCC 6/10 m. The snake was coiled and awake, approx 10 m west of the trail, on open ground among palms. When I approached for photos it raised the head a few cm, almost vertically, oriented to me, and tongue-flicked. at approx 1130 hr. several people (including Sean O'Brien, U. West Virginia, who took photos) watched what was evidently an adult Pseudoboa poeciloratus eat two eggs of a little finch, Crypturellus soui. They had stopped to see the snake, described as olive w/ a yellow belly, then noticed the

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Greene, H. 1990 August 8 Portal, Cochise Co., Arizona Arrived here approx 2100h, after flying from New Orleans to Tucson and driving here with Claudia Tuke. We just returned from the SSAR/HL meetings, Claudia having flown there, whereas I drove from Berkeley to Tucson last week. Driving down here we saw a fresh dead Crotalus scutulatus on Hwy 666 between I-10 and Douglas, a live small adult C. atrox after dark on Hwy 80 between Douglas and Rodeo, and a live neonate C. atrox on the Portal road. August 9 Late morning I went up the road to Paradise to look for our two radio-telemetryed male C. molossus: #1 (149.612 Mhz) was first caught in the canyon bottom in 1988; #5 (148.545 Mhz) was found w/ a female at a Nestorina nest last year. I climbed almost to the mirrocks, never getting more than a weak signal from #1 and concluded he might be over the ridge. Followed #3's signal into a shallow arroyo system a few hundred meters west of the parking turnout where both had originally been found and north of the road but couldn't localize him - didn't have head plums w/ me. Went to the Portal Post Office to check on my New Mexico collecting permit, and as I came out the woman sorting the house next door (Mrs. Wasser) asked if anyone could help her w/ a rattler in her yard! Went over and hooked an adult F C. molossus out of her rock wall - it was approx 60cm above ground,

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Greene, H. 1990 August 9 (continued) flattened on the round stones w/ head facing out, as if basking. Straight-sided, broken off rattle sting. Dining at the Portal store and then left to wool hunt ~1830 h. Clear, a little cool, and felt moist- some clouds and lightening to the SW, and a large yellow moon later in the evening. 22.4 mi SW State Line Rd. on Hwy 80 at 1925 h we scooted a ~yearly HOR Pitophis melanoceus off the road. Kept 2 Sistrurus catenatus, a fleshly hit C. atrox, and a DOR Rhinocheilus lecontei, plus an NOR Bufo olearius. The sistrurus were snappy: initially stretched out and immobile, slightly flattened. When touched they crawled rapidly, then jerked into striking coils w/ heads cocked up, rattling, stench, then crawled rapidly again. August 10 Met George Roderick (former UCB grad student, now U. Maryland) and went to the Kretz Ranch in the San Bernardino Valley, at the jct. of Kucha Canyon Rd. and U.S. Hwy 80 saw Eureces obselius, Sceloporus undulatus, and Cnemidophorus uniparens under rocks. Saw a C. uniparens enter a Dipodomyx spectabilis mound when I approached, good way for it to get caught by a sistrurus. At Mulberry Draw we walked around the fence above the arroyo itself, just SW of the U.S. 80 bridge, where I found an adult Eureces obselius under a board at 110 hrs. At ~1500 h George and Jim Ott (a postdoc w/ him) went w/ me to search for

Greene, H. 1990 August 10 (continued) C. molossus ♂ #3. Finally located him under the edge of a large lina agave at 1630 hr. Snake was starting to crawl out the east side of the plant, in shade - perhaps blocks in late afternoon? It withdrew almost out of sight under the agave leaves, w/ head protruding and tail visible, but never rattled. We went to the SWRS ≈ 1730, and just after dinner at 1830 hrs, was called to catch an adult C molossus crawling across a trail just across the footbridge NB: missed several porcupine myles Fabrial over Care Creek behind the Director's house - it rattled as I lifted it on a hook to the bag, but didn't strike. Claudia and I gave talks after dinner, and Dick Zweifel told me of finding a Tantilla melanocephala in Venezuela eating a centipede. Jay Cole told me that he and Dick have field notes on a pair of C. molossus motley at the station many years ago. Ken Helms (Arizona St. U.) studied artostright and told me once last summer and again last week he saw what looked like sistrurus in a grassland site just N. of the Portal Rd. in New Mexico, immediately E. of its jet. w/ State Fire Rd. He had sketched the spearpoint and light-dark hood markings of this year's snake, as well as the round,

Greene, H. 1990 August 10 Ned Hall of Rodeo, New Mexico. Both snakes he saw (Continued) were abroad after dark. August 11 Morning overcast. I hiked across the entire canyon face north of Paradise Rd., searching for Grotelus molossus #1 and re-learning Rule#2 of stupid Things not to do when radiotracking; never leave a comfortable substrate for an uncomfortable substrate until you have carefully bi-articulated the signal! (Rule #1 is Dial in the right Frequency). After ~ 1 1/2hr I gave up near the head of an agave at the east end of the curved ridge, because - initially thinking I was close - I'd left pack, water, etc. in the truck and was overheating. At 1140 hr I located #3 under the same agave plant as yesterday except now his head and body were partially exposed. Between 1630- 1800 hr we searched grassland just north of Portal Rd., between U.S. 80 and the State line in Hidalgo Co., New Mexico. First went to Rodeo for permission from Ned Hall, a taciturn rancher in his 70's or 80's. Mrs. Hall invited me in and was friendly; Ned Hall was shirtless, eating a bowl of soup, allowed that "they study everything these days," and said to kill all the rattlers I want to! The site is open grassland w/ scattered brush and yucca, and numerous mounds of Dipodomysspectabilis - a plausible Sistrurus site. Saw only Sceloporus undulatus and a large ? Phrynosoma cornutum

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Greene, IA 1990 August 11 (continued) - She started at my feet, ran erratically, then squirted my hand and chest with blood four fins from the left eye as I handled her. Blood was ejected w/ a distinct jerk backward and to the side of the head, thus aiming the stream at my hand - what would have been the eyes and/or mouth of a more natural predator. We road hunted the massasauga site for two passes back and forth between Bucher Canyon Rd. and Bernard's - got an AOR Crotalus atrox at 2002 hr (♂, 936 + 87 mm, 630 g - after I palpated 88 g of partially digested mammal from his stomach) and a large C. scutulatus AOR ♂ at 2007 hr, 24.4 mi SW State Line Rd. Hardy's had arrived when we returned, and Dave had caught three small Crotalus atrox on Hwy 9, to be released after processing: 6.1 mi E 80 on Hwy 9, 2042 h, ♂ 460 + 29 mm, 56 g, 3 rattles segments including button; 8.4 mi E Hwy 80 on Hwy 9, 2052 hr, ♂ 614 + 48 mm, 143 g, 6 segments including button; and some data as previous snake which it (this ♀) was following, ♀, 7/7 + 45 g, 248/260 g, 9 segments (incomplete), disgorged rodent that had been eaten head-first (1.3? + ? g). August 12 Cool, overcast, periodic light showers. Ground and vegetation were wet and rich w/ smells as Dave Hardy and I hiked over the canyon slopes to find our two radiotagged Crotalus molossus.

Greene, H. 1990 August 12 at approx 1200h we found #1 in a tight coil against (continued) a small prickly pear, approx 1.5 m from a crevice among small boulders. Snake seemed asleep - jerked alert as I approached for photographs, then slowly crawled up slope over open ground and into the crevice. It moved directly to the crevice, never turning toward me or rattling. The site is high on a slope below rimrock cliffs >500 m above the road. At 1252 h we located #3 sketched out and pointing into the base of a blue gray large agave like yesterday, but <100 m from the previous plant and closer to the road. The plants are in thick low acacia approachable by scattered open areas, perhaps game trail. As we stepped close, he slid a few inches to the side and coiled under dense brush w/out ever rattling, his head pointed at the agave's base. Tucked in among the basal agave leaves, head pointing out, was a bright colored R - 785 +48mm, 308g! I waited approx 20 minutes while Dave drove to his house for a grab stick and net bag, during which neither rattler moved. Light drizzle. When Dave returned I held one leaf apart and gently pulled her out - never rattled. This afternoon we surgically implanted her w/ AVM transmitter 38916, 151.074 MHz, 10g, w/out problems.

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Greene, H. 1990 August 12 We also processed all accumulated rattles, (continued) using vapor anesthetic, at the rate of ≈ 4/hour. August 13 Scattered rain and cool all day, as I drove to Tucson - took Claudia to the airport for her return to Berkeley and work, then picked up radio and did laundry at the Hardys' house there. Drove back via Hwy 666 from 1700-2130 hr in scattered showers. Lots of lizards on the road, but only snake a Lampropeltis getulus crawling across U.S. 80 near the State line. Dave Hardy had an exciting day: he located Crotalus molossus #3 a short distance (few meters) down slope from yesterday's awe coiled under low acacia, then heard a rattle clicks once or twice and found another male 30 dorsal body blotches. (878 + 71 mm, 400g, 9 segments including button). Then he backed off a culvert and had to have a few twerks from Road Forks lift him out. August 14 This morning started sunny and partly cloudy. We found C. molossus #3 a few meters from yesterday's spot, coiled among acacias in a light coil, tail concealed, head and neck in an S-coil w/head horizontal and sticking out over outer coil - seemingly an arbush posture. Released F#5 in front, and she crawled ≈ 1 meter then coiled under dense brush ≈ 1m from male #3. Neither rattled. This was ≈ 0844 hr. At 0934 hr we found male #1 out west of yesterday's crevice and ≈ 1.5m from it.

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Grease, h. 1990 August 14 (continued) He was in a loose coil anteriorly w/ tail & post. trailing toward the crevice, as if he had just crested out. As I moved closer to try for a photo he jerked out toward the crevice then froze, and we withdrew. After lunch we implanted yesterday's male C. molossus #6, a young (tapered rattle) male, with an AVM w/ frequency 151.115 mhz. This afternoon I visited Barney Tombelin and Tony Swell, now living < 1 mile east of Portel. They gave me 2 Gyalopim carum (both popped and squirted while squirming in hand), 1 Tantilla nigricops, 1 T. yogaia, and a huge Diadophis punctatus - the latter caught by a cat across from the Portel Store. David Hardy and I road hunted from ~1830-2130 hr, first to ~9 mi E. of Hwy 80 on Hwy 9 in New Mexico to release 3 small Crotalus atrox, then SW on Hwy 80 to Bernardino to make one pass over the sighting site. Heavy showers at June and cool. We saw only one snake, an adult Crotalus scutulatus. August 15 At 0810 this morning Alicia from New Mexico came and Fish called to confirm that John Hubbard says I cannot collect on Hwy 9 - no explanation. This morning is cool and overcast, and we had more rain during the night. Supposedly this (in my experience) peculiar weather results from some storm in the Gulf of California. At 1100hr we located P C. molossus #5 under a low (<0.5m) acacia in a tight coil, tail hidden, wool

Greene, H. 1990 August 15 and neck in S-coil in center. She was ≈2 m N of a (continued) juniper and ≈10 m E. of the agave plant by which we released her yesterday. Only reaction to my close approach for photographs was a slight head jerk. We released ♂ #6 at the agave where he was found day beforeyester- day. At 1120h we found ♂ #3 under a 1 m tall acacia on the edge of an arroyo, ≈100 m [illegible] ESE of the agave where Dave last located him and the other two blacktails. He clicked a brief burst or two of rattles as I slugged w/in a meter - seemed to be stretched out and crawling, and as I looked down he crawled ≈1 m and froze. All this during a light sprinkle on a cool morning. We had a low fire, and while inflating it I checked ♂ #5 ≈1145 h and found he had coiled where last seen. After lunch we went to Rodeo for gas and toured the Chiricahua Gallery. Scattered showers into the afternoon and evening. Dave and I road hunted to Bezzardino, making two passes over the massasauger site - saw only an H&K Thamnophis marcianus on Hwy 80 and numerous foods. August 16 Early morning sunny, partly cloudy. We found a ♂ Pituophis melanoleucus at 0952 h, 2.2 mi W. of Portal Rd on Paradise Rd. At 1008 h we radiolocated Crotalus molossus ♂ #3 in same spot as yesterday, coiled in some sun - he uncoiled w/out rattling at our approach and retreated to same place as yesterday. At 1016 h

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Gresert, H. 1990 August 16 ♀ C. molossus #5 rattle for an instant at my feet, (continued) just as the radio indicated I was very close. She is coiled under a low acacia ≥30m E of yesterday's site, next to a clear spot of ground and on the W edge of an arroyo. At 1056 h we found ♂ C. molossus #6 on the E side of the next arroyo E. of the one #5 is above, thus ≥100 m E. of yester- day's site. He's in an open coil in dappled sun, under a nearly leafless 1m high acacia. No reaction as we walked softly around him. Saw a Eunotia sp. on a barren ledge across the arroyo from him. At 1126 h we found C. molossus ♂ #1 stretched out on the slope in open, ≈100 m downhill and slightly SE of yesterday – he froze as we approached then crawled under a 1m acacia, gave one brief rattle click, and coiled. At ≈1200h we met Jürgen Schumacher, Elliott Jacobson, and Tom Moise at the Portal Garbage dump by chance, and learned they had just photographed combat and copulation among 3 C. molossus at Granite Gap, so with Jürgen as guide we went arrived there ≈1230h. Granite Gap, 18.5 mi N. Rodeo, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico Tom Moise (Cal Poly Pomona), Elliott R. Jacobson, and Jürgen Schumacher (the latter two Box J-126, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610) arrived here ≈1030h, at a site on the south side of the pass, west side of

Greene, H. 1990 August 16 Hwy 80, ~200 m from the road. The site is level w/ (continued) scattered reddish granite boulders, but there are high granite outcrops and slide all around. Jünger first noticed two male Crotalus molossus w/ their heads held high together, and called the others over. There were three adult rattlers: a large yellow and red- brown ♂ (10 54 +67 mm, 770g, 11 segments [triple] motif) w/a ♀ (780+39 mm, 385g, 7 segments [incomplete]), and a smaller darker ♂ (said to be definitely larger than the ♀ and ~3/4 the "size" of the larger ♂). They watched the snakes for 30-40 minutes during which copulation was uninterrupted and the ♀ remained quiescent under a small bush at the edge of a large Nedoma nest (composed mainly of cholla pads). During the period of observation the ♂♂ had 3-4 bouts of raising and twisting their anteriors and pressing each others heads and/or necks; the smaller ♂ repeatedly crawled around the copulating pair and appeared to try to dislodge the large ♂ by nudging w/ body loops. The rattler ♂♂ seemed aware of the three men at times, but reacted only by elevated approach w/ the head; they never rattled. At one point the ♂ disappeared into the Nedoma nest, and shortly thereafter the same [seemingly] ♂ emerged. The combat bout ended when the smaller ♂ crawled up over a ledge

Greene, H. 1990 August 16 then turned and disappeared into a hole between a (continued) boulder and the top of the rot nest. When they left the pair were still copulating. Dave Hardy, Jünger, and I arrived x 1230 hr and found the pair still in copulo. We could not locate the smaller ♂ during a search of an area roughly x 10-15 m square around the woodrat nest. The ♀ lay in an open coil in shade under the edge of the nest and a small plant (possibly a juniper). The big male was loosely coiled up on the edge of the nest w/ his posterior hanging down to the ♀. Both were immobile. When I approached w/in less than a meter for photos, one or the other rattled briefly and both moved slightly. The male turned toward me but did not crawl. When we arrived they were in dappled sun, thanks to a position on the west side of a boulder and cleft, such that there was slight shade. By the time they separated at 1312 hr and we collected them, it was noticeably hotter, brighter, and they might have done so to escape increasing temperature. I crawled down in <0.5 m and Dave held the plant's strands of tongs - so our presence might have caused him to separate prematurely, but it is noteworthy that they largely ignored all the other attention. I watched

Greene, H. 1990 August 16 once initiated, and as the F crawled or pulled her (tail away) the vent was open and x/100-.50 mm string of greenish cream fluid in a string streamed from her cloaca. Neither snake rattled as I gently lifted them w/ forceps into a bag - at 1542 hr I photographed her still swollen but closed cloacal area. Late this afternoon Dave and I visited K.M. Murphy, the local Game Warden. Last year he saw an adult Crotalus molossus protruding from a Neotoma nest and just starting to swallow a woodrat pup - squirming and w/ eyes still closed. Kim tapped the snake w/ a stick and it released the pup, which was still alive several dozen minutes later - thus Kim concluded the rat pup was being swallowed w/out envenomation. Dave and I road hunted to Bernardino, making three passes over the section from Pucker Canyon Rd to Bernardino on 1/Nov 80. We picked up 2 C scutulatus, a big dead Pitophis, and - at the same stop - a Micruroides euryxanthus (I think Dave hit it) and a live, squirming, cloacal-popping [fluid spews for several feet!] Gyalopion canum. August 17 Another sunny, hot day! at x/0900 hr we found Crotalus molossus M #3 x30 m 55E of his previous sight, in dappled sun, in a tight coil, w/head over outer coil and neck in an "S" at 0910 hr,

Greene, H. 1990 August 17 C. undosus ♀ #5 is in the same exact spot as (continued) yesterday , in a tight coil , head in center and filled up-she is hard to see under a low acacia . at 0920hr , C. molossus ♂ #6 is in the same site as yesterday , in shade , seemingly frozen while uncoiling under the big surface root of the ~1m high, leafing-out acacia that conceals him . At 0955hr , we spotted C. molossus ♂ #1 crawling at ~1 total length /16 seconds , seemingly undis- turbed. He glides along w/ only slight lateral dis- placement, occasionally pointing the head laterally and down , then disappears over a rock shelf into a prickly pear clump . He's at ~the same elevation as yesterday , but >100m west of that site and as if going down across the base of the rim rocks . At 1017hr we resighted him, crawling as before ; by 1019hr he was~4-5 meters from that 1017hr point , crawling at ~total length /~20seconds , moving his head slightly from side to side and tongue-flicking . At 1605hr we returned to find C. molossus #1 out in late afternoon sun crawling , ~25m west of this morning at same ~elevation . He crawled into the shade of a fallen dead ocotillo as I approached and froze, but didn't rattle . At ~1646hr we found C. undosus ♂ #3 in a tight coil in the crotch of a walnut (?) tree.

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Greene, H. 1990 August 17 ~ 20 am above ground at the side of the road, (continued) west side of the arroyo that crosses the road at the picnic area turnout. His head was horizontal on the edge of outer coil of body, and he made no response to our approach. We had dinner (Billie Hardy's Chile Relleno - hot!) w/ Aulder Hayes, a former National Park Service archaeologist who has been in this area for decades. We told us that the pullout we use to park where our blacktails are is called Duffener Camp; that the ridge that runs ~ W-E and N of Silver Creek, upon which the rattlers hibernate, is called Limestone Mountain, from East Turkey Creek to its terminus near Portal - and the specific ridge was called Grand Royal Ridge for a while because of a mine up there; and that there's an adobe ruin near there called Albert Firth for the guy who lived in it in the 1880's and 1890's. Dave and I road hunted to Bernardino and made two passes over the massasauga site - saw a Micrurus between their house and Portal, a neonate C. scutulata, and a yearling Pituophis (not saved - H&R at 2022 hr, 22.9 mi SW State Line Rd. on U.S. 80). At 2159 hr we drove by and could see C. mokeses ~ #3 in the same tree crotch. August 18 At 0847 hr, C. undosus ~ #3 has crossed the South

Greene, lt. 1990 August 18 road since last night - now under the first large (continued) juniper north of the road, in the same arroyo, on its west bank - stretched out and frozen. At 0858hr we located C. molossus ♂ #6 ±2-3 meters S of yesterday's site, coiled w/ tail hidden - he is still just off and west of the little N-S mining road. At 0908hr, we found C. molossus ♀ #5 in a tight coil, same place as yesterday. At 0939hr, we found ♂, molossus ♂ #1 mating w/ an unwashed ♀, ±30-40 m west of yesterday's side, slightly higher on the slope and perhaps 10-15 meters below some rim rocks. The pair was in partial shade, stretched up slope and parallel to the edge of a ±20-30cm deep slab ≥2m long, w/ dense vegetation at its upper end. When we arrived their posteriors were in partial sun. ♀ was stretched out, head and neck angled to the E; the male parallel and against her ±1/2 his body length, head and neck extended straight past her angle for 30cm, then also turned E. At 0949hr she moved her posterior slightly and he turned back w/ chin movements - short, jerkly, lateral, against his body. Occasionally her tail rippled or contracted. At 1620hr she moved upslope a few cm - possibly in response to us, but I think more likely to gain more shade. His tail jerked and he turned

Heene H. 1990 August 18 (continued) back along his body and froze. At 1023h he again jerked his head several times (≈2-3/sec) tongue flicked, touched her back w/ his chin and froze. At 1032h Tony Swell called to us from on the road that he'd caught an AOR Salvadora. At 1033h we left and the pair of C. molossus were still in copulo. ≈1130h we drove to Granite Gap and released the big ♂ C. molossus caught August 16j very hot and sunny and within minutes he disappeared into the Nectora nest. Went to Rodeo for gas and to buy things at the gallery. At 1545h, we found C. molossus ♂ #1 still copulating w/ the ♀ (she has 5 segments plus a button) and of course is much smaller). They are 3-4 m north of this mornings site, close to the rimrock. He is stretched under a low bush pointing E; she is stretched out in the shade of a crevice of an angled rock slab that opens uphill. Their tails are crossed just at the edge of the slab. They remained that way until we left at 1605h. At 1620h, we found C. molossus ♂ #3 at the base of an arroyo, in a loose coil facing a big Nectora nest (mainly sticks); tail visible, head out on coil and horizontal. The nest is up under a rocky ledge on the E side of the arroyo

Greene,H 1990 August 18 he was in this AM, ~30m further up (N) the (continued) gully. Snake looks to be hurtin', and is at the S. edge of the nest -- such that if the rat entered or left along the ledge the rattler's head is in range. Went to a party at the AMNH's Southwestern Research Station in the evening. Richard G. Zweifel told me that last year a man in Paradise shot two Crotalus molossus together, in the crotch of a tree -- sexes unknown. August 19 At 0900h we found C. molossus #6 in the cata dyke of the arroyo just east of the mining road, several dozen meters E. of last sighting. He was crawling slowly and emitted a slight rattle click as we approached. At 0910h C. molossus #5 was in dappled sun at the edge of a small bush, coiled w/ tail hidden, ~8m SW of yesterday's site. At 0933h, C. molossus #3 was under a fallen dead juniper limb, in a flat coil w/ head [illegible] and tail not visible -- I suspected a food bulge, but wasn't convinced. Saw him shake off a small flying insect with his head. Site is ~70m east of the mining road and 20 meters north of the main road. At 1025h, C. molossus #1 is ~90 m west of the caputination site, east of a large arroyo that heads near the west end of a reddish reef escarpment below (405m) which he's been traveling. Snake was difficult to find, fucked up under the base of a pucky pear in shade, tail

Greene, H. 1990 August 19 (continued) and cattle exposed and head facing out to south. No sign of a female. Cactus patch is x1x2 meters. Barney Tomberlin and road hunted once over the Sistinas site between Rucker Canyon Rd. and Bernardo, before which we caught an emaciated Goldus molossus just north of Rodeo! Just out of Rodeo coming back, intending to go to Granite Gap, I notice someone tail gating me and was careful not to speed 55 mph. When the car didn't pass us or turn off to Portal I slowed to 40 mph, and pulled over as soon as the flashing red lights came on. I flicked on the cab light and kept hands in view, but Barney bounded out the right side w/ big black flashlight in hand and promptly got in a shouting match w/ the two Hidalgo Co. Deputy sheriffs. Told them he worked for Game and Fish and they derisively referred to "fish squeezers" and "critter cops." The bigger deputy was yelling at Barney (now back in the truck, as ordered) through my window, and at one point I wondered if we were both about to be handcuffed. They'd run a stolen car check on my truck and didn't seem especially suspicious of me. After 5 minutes or so they let us go and we returned to Portal. August 20 at 0915 hrs, C. molossus #5 is ~7 m WSW of last flagged site, ~1.5m WSW of yesterday's, under the base of a dying standing yucca. Can't see well-

[illegible]

Greene, H. 1990 August 20 (Continued) She moved her head but didn't rattle as I approached. At 0930 hr C. molossus #6 is ~150 m E or ENE up boulder slope from the mining road, thus >100 m from yesterday and ~75 m from the first corner telephone pole on the rock pile nearest the road. He was uncoiling in a gravel patch between an acacia and an agave as I approached. At 0956 hr C. molossus #3 is ~2m S (toward road) from yesterday's fallen limb, frozen stretched out. Signal seemed to move as I approached. At 1020hr C. molossus #1 is ~150 m to the NE of the corner telephone pole, thus >100 m west of yesterday and ~4m uphill from a white hankie tied to an acacia (from last year?). Snake was frozen as if moving into a coil, head tilted up in an anterior body loop, tail extended behind. At 1620hr #1 is in a tight flat coil w/tail hidden, neck and head in an S-coil facing bare area next to rock from underneath a low plant, ~12 m west of this ATM in line w/ the corner telephone pole. I almost stepped on him - had stepped on left side, then up on a boulder from which I saw him. At 1640 hr C. molossus #3 is on the S. side of the road, ~20m downslope and S. of yesterday's site on the N. side of the road. Snake is in an open flat compact coil w/ head facing a downed limb. At ~1730hr

Hesse, H. 1990 August 20 picked up Diane Wagner (former UCB undergrad, Continued) now PhD student at Princeton) at SWRS and drove to Douglas for dinner at the Golden Hotel. Spectacular sunset over purple-striped mountains to the east, ahead of lush green plains of San Bernardino Valley. Coming back we saw a Vulpes macrotis, several Cottas, and a Rhinocyllus coniger. August 21 Big Hatchet Mountains, Hidalgo Co., New Mexico Barney Torbellin and I left Portal at 07/0 h and arrived here ~ 0905 h. We drove through Arivaca to Hachita, then south on Hwy 81 for 15.3 mi; we turned left on a dirt road just south of Hatchet Gap (Little Hatchet Mtns. In the right), drove 0.2 mi, turned left through a corral and chose 4.6 mi ~ east through a valley on the north side of the Big Hatchet - a lush creosote scrub-habitat w/ lots of grass. At 0840 h, ~ 1/2 way down that road, we caught a ♂ Cottus viridis flattened (basking?) in the dirt road - it put on a terrific show: striking, whirly S-coil, nodding, elevated & down-litted head, then switched to a compact coil w/ head tucked down in it. Passed a road to a windmill on the right and took the next right - a two-track that word 2.5 mi up to the mouth of a steep canyon that ends before enormous sheer cliffs. We searched opposite side of the canyon walls, especially talus slides, for almost two hours but saw only

[illegible]

Heene, H. 1990 August 21 (continued) Urosaurus ornatus. Our directions come from a BLM agent who brought Barney a beautiful lime green Crotalus lepidus from this particular canyon. We could see thick stands of pine and oak higher up. Driving to and from the Hatchets I was impressed by large expanses of nice grassland, seemingly suitable habitat for Sistrurus catenatus - there are even lots of Dipodomyys speabilis mounds. At 140 hrs I drove up to Portal Cochise Co., Arizona. At 1410 hrs as I drove up Silver Creek Canyon, 0.8 mi W. of Care Creek Rd. I saw an adult Crotalus molossus stretched out, as if just having crawled onto the dirt road from the S. As I came out of the truck it exploded into sustained rattling w/ head highly elevated - reminiscent of C. durissus. Met Wade Sherbrooke and three student volunteers at the Duffner turnout. At 1435 hrs, U. molossus #3 rattled, stretched out by the garbage can (underneath which shelter a very fat Spernophis variagatus), then pulled back into an S-coil and froze. At 1455 hrs we found C. molossus #1 under the south edge of a big juniper ~40-50m ESE of the corner telephone pole, in a tight flat coil under grass; tail not visible, no response.

[illegible]

Greese, b. 1990 August 21 at 1515hr. C. molossus #3 has crossed the (continued) road and is just north of it, near the base of a large brush and difficult to see. As Wade circled to spot him, a small Sphyrelagus audioloni jumped toward the snake, squeaked, and bounded out of sight. at 15:17 the snake yawned; at 15:18 moved head slightly; at 15:19 a volley of tongue-flicks; at 15:20 a "big" yawn and we can see he's in a flat coil. I think he struck (because of the yawns) and missed (because he didn't trail) the rabbit. at 15:37hr we found C. molossus #5 under a low plant ~1m from the dying yucca where she was yesterday, in a flat coil w/ head up and horizontal on the outer coil, tail and rattle hidden. at 1545hr. C. molossus #3 is gone. at 1554 hr. we find C. molossus #6 under a low bush next to Spanish bayonette and ~5 m upslope from yesterday and ~50 m west of the corner telephone pole. It is in a tight coil w/ tail and rattle hidden, head at an up felt on the inside or an outer coil. Went road hunting w/Wade Sherbrooke, including three passes over the Rucker Canyon- Bernardino massasauga site. We saw Crotalus scutulatus, Pituophis melanoleucus (one immature, 20.1 mi SW State Fire Rd., Wade took it), and an adult ♂ Sistrurus catenatus from

[illegible]

Freese, H 1990 August 21 (continued) which I palpated a partially digested Cnemidophorus mbox. Wade brought me an adult C. inornatus from SWRS to examine: ?, empty stomach, 872 + 63 mm, 40g, 6 segments (parallel and incomplete. Forgot to sverlim that yesterday as I drove up to the snake sight site in the AM there was a big pile of reddish feces w/apple chunks in it, courtesy of Ursus americanus, on the pared road between the Hankys' house and dirt turnoff to Paradise - then another, also mid-road, x 1/2 mile toward Paradise which I photographed. This prompted Diane and I to ask: Why did the bear shit in the road? Cause he couldn't make it to the other side! August 22 Joined up with Alden Hayes and two of his brothers to see the Albert Fink site - it's an adobe ruin x400m or less upstream from the duffner pullout, on the first terrace - just one corner left now, but you can still make out the adobe brick and mortar lines. At 0850h we found C. inornatus #3 in a compact coil in a prickly pear on the NE bank of the side branch of Silver Creek that flows under the road at the Def/ferry place; his tail was invisible, he'd up on an outer coil. At 0910h as I approached #3 for photos he raised into a somewhat elevated S-coil (still in among the Opuntia pads), rattled for x2 Secs,

Hesse, H. 1990 August 22 and frogs. At 0926 hr I found C. molossus #1 (continued) ~3m west of yesterday, in the open by a prickly pear - perhaps startled by me but no rattle. At 0931hr C. molossus #3 is locked in an identical coil in the cactus as when first encountered. At this point I heard and saw two acorn woodpeckers "mobbing" the big Sperraphilus variegatus - The squirrel was ~8m up, near the top of a large oak tree near (few meters) his garbage can retreat. Green acorns litter the ground. Squirrel continues to eat acorns (I can see him pluck them w/ mouth and sometimes hold w/ fore paws) While the birds vocalize and flutter from as little as 20cm away. Twice the squirrel moved several meters along large limbs and the birds flew after him, landed on branches and resumed the harassment. At 0938hr the squirrel descended rapidly from the tree followed for a few meters in flight by the woodpeckers. At ?? Were they defending the acorns? At 1000hr I located C. molossus #5 on a ledge under an overhang, on the south edge of a wooden nest (many sticks), on the west side of the large arroyo just below and west of the mining road. She is in an asterisk coil, lead up on outer coil (?-see photos) w/ trail and rattle clearly visible and trailed to the north over the nest. At

Freese, H. 1990 August 22 1020 hr I found C. molossus #6 on a slope (continued) a few meters up from yesterday, due east, and approx 50m WNW of the corner telephone pole. He was in a tight coil, looking west; w/ tail invisible; no reaction to my approach. At 1031 hr I spotted C. molossus #3 stretched out an frozen approx 3 m toward the culvert from the cactus (which is just NW of where the path crosses the gully) - his head was hidden from me under a small, fallen sprig of juniper, but by moving along the opposite bank I could see it was perpendicular to the stream channel (currently dry) and slightly raised off the ground. I watched from across the gully, approx 10 m distant, w/ binoculars. At 1051 hr he swung his head a few cm to his right, tongue-flicked twice and froze w/ his head beside a small rock - good place to ambush something in the gully. At 1101 hr I left, but re-checked at 1105 hr and he remained as before. At 1245 hr, I found #3 under a large shrub during a light rain, on the SW (opposite) side of the gully and next to the path from the pullout area down to it - perhaps 25 meters from the cactus site of his moving. His head was down in the flat coils; tail hidden. At 1730 hr (accompanied by Richard and Nadia Siegel and Bill Juttermichelt, I found, C. molossus #3 at the same spot

Freese, h. 1990 August 27 (continued) under the tree (shrub), frozen w/ head extended out of coil as if starting to crawl. Road hunted w/ them to Bernardino, back and forth to Rucker Canyon. Rel - saw 1 DOR Pitophis, 2 DOR C. sclutales, an HOK C. atrax, and caught 1 small C. sclutalae and 1 Rhinothilus Recortei. One other car was definitely road hunting at the massasauga site, the first since I arrived this time: a pickup (cf. Datsun), gold w/ white camper shell, Arizona License 7475 NS. August 23 Packed up and cleared up the house prior to leaving for Berkeley. At 0920hr an adult (>1m, ??) Crotalus atrox was crossing Cane Creek Rd. just south of the big turn coming out of Portal, in full sun. @ 1150hr C. molossus #3 is ~10m WSW of yesterday under a bush, almost hidden in grass and stretched out, just N. of the north bank of the main Silver Creek drainage and S. of Dufferer fallout. At 1205hr C. molossus #5 is just E. of the mining road and due W. of the corner telephone pole, ~6m down the slope from that road and on a line between yesterday's site (woodrat nest) and the corner pole; in a flat compact coil w/ head in center in an S-coil. As I left at 1455hr, ~3mi E. of Portal on Portal Rd., an adult Masticophis bilineatus started out on the road from scrub

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Heero, H. 1970 August 23 froze briefly as my truck approached, then (continued) doubled back in a hairpin and disappeared - I was impressed by the visibility of copper color on the snake. Drove to Tucson. August 24 Drove to Mojave, California. August 25 Drove to Berkeley. September 29 Portal, Cochise Co., Arizona Arrived here ~1400 hr, after a flight from Berkeley to Tucson, where I rented a car for the drive down. Dave and Billie Hardy arrived yesterday and located all 5 of our radiotagged Crotalus molossus. Weather is warm, sunny, partly cloudy. At 1515 hr we located ♀ #5, stretched out in a narrow little gully through low dense scrub, a few meters W of where I encountered ♂ #3 on August 16. As yesterday when Dave found her, this snake contains a huge, recently ingested meal and seemingly cannot crawl. I feel sure it is a cottontail, because the lump is too large for a woodrat, wrong microhabitat for a rock squirrel, and Dave noticed protruding bumps yesterday - I think the rabbits hind legs and forefeet. She moved head and neck once as I approached for photographs, but never rattled. At 1535 hr we found ♂ #6 coiled in sun on the W side of a boulder, on a stick nest of Nestoma and w/ an obvious big food bulge. After several minutes of our maneuvering for photos, he crawled

Greene, H. 1990 September 29 (continued) into a hole in under the boulder, never rattling. at 1610hr ♀ #5 was as earlier. At 1630hr we found ♂#1 as yesterday; in a putative hunting coil ~2m from a Nedora nest in an Opuntia clump. The rattler is in a flat, tight coil, tail invisible, head and neck in a level S-coil w/snout out over outer coil. Its snout points at the base of a shrub ~15cm away, and I think a runway passes to the visible nest entrance between the snake and the shrub-base. At 1652hr Dare spotted an adult Salvadora grahamiae frozen beside a dead upright sotol (?); as I approached it dashed around the plant and froze, where I got it w/ a clamp stick. At 1658hr I spotted a Syringas. At 1626hr we had found ♂#3 w/head just out from under a boulder, 26m uphill from where Dare spotted him crawling. We also found ♂#7 coiled under a bush--details on all sightings are on separate data sheets. After dinner I talked to Diane Wagner at SWKS, former VCB student and now working on a Ph.D. at U of T. She saw a Sistrurus catenatus 200m W of Peach Orchard Rd, 0.5mi N. of Portal Rd., 3.3 mi E. of Portal, in acacia scrub w/ some grass. The snake was flattened on the ground at dusk, and crawled into a bush when disturbed. September 30 Rain began ~0500hr and continued as a steady

Heere, H. 1990 September 30 (continued) drizzle unit ≈1300h. This PM we checked ♀#5, ♂#3, and ♂#1 between ≈1300-1500h; #3 was exposed ≈2 in from yesterday's site, the other two as yesterday, and full details on separate data sheet. Air temp ≈14°C and overcast, tho by ≈2000h I could see some open sky. Barney Tonkovich told me there has been plenty of snakes on Botal road in late afternoons lately. TV weather reports indicate a big storm system moving up from the Sea/City. October 1 Rain began ≈0300 h and continued w/ short sporadic delays all morning. Louis Pope (USFS) told me that there's an inch of snow on top of Mt. Graham, and Eric Hayes remarked this rain

Heare, H. 1990 October 1 (continued) he was coiled on the 29th. At 1450h I found ♂ #3 ~2m uphill from where I stumbled into him yesterday, under a small bush beside an open patch. He was in a tight coil, tail invisible, head in- took photos. From ~1600-1730h I cruised the Portal Rd. and checked out the site where Diane Wagner saw the Sistrurus. Today Kevin Concash helped me of finding a seemingly neotate (side B. Torberlin) Crotalus molossus on Sept. 29th, on the road in South Fork Canyon. Barney Torberlin gave me a passive regurgitated by a Masticophis bilineatus he caught at a lizard study site in New Mexico. Wade Sherbrooke gave me a neonate DOR Lampropeltis getula a student at SWRS found with a mammal hanging out of it. Made one trip from Portal to Hwy 80 and back w/ Lee Fitzgerald (UNM) and Charlie Painter (NMGF), both visiting Barney Torberlin - saw only several juvenile Scaphiopus multiplicata. Sky partly cloudy, lots of stars. 61°F at noon on the Hardy's porch. October 2 55°F on the Hardy's porch at 0620h, partly cloudy with lots of open sky. At 017h I found ♀ Crotalus molossus #5 w/in a few cm of yesterday's site. She is up under a bush, her head has pinned for ~10cm along her neck and facing down her outstretched body to the east - already catching a little sun sifted through the shrub branches. I touched her gently w/ the

Greene, H. 1990 October 2 (continued) reception antenna and she moved her head calmly ≈5cm toward me but didn't rattle. Each day I've thought the lump has shrunk – it's still large but distinctly smaller and less lump-like than on the 29th when I first saw her. At 0729 hr I found C. molossus ♂ #1 coiled tightly in the same place as yesterday, except he has turned ≈ half way back toward the shrub base; some splashes of sun are already on him. At 0754 hr, after ≈10 minutes of close searching, I finally spotted ♂ #3 < 0.5 m from yesterday's site – in a tight coil w/ tail hidden and head in the center and slightly up tilted – this might have reflected postural adjustment to my stomping all around him! Left Portal in the rental car ≈0900hr and Tucson by plane via Phoenix to Oakland and Berkeley.

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Greene, H. 1990 October 23 Nairobi National Park, Nairobi, Kenya Robert C. Drewes, James O'Bier, Jens Vindum (all three from the California Academy of Sciences), and I arrived in Nairobi at 0630h, having left San Francisco on the afternoon of the 21st. We had an 8 hr. layover yesterday in London, and made a hasty visit to the British Museum (Natural History) to check snakes from Uganda. We are on an exploratory expedition sponsored by U.S. Aid for International Development, handled through CARE Uganda, to collect amphibians and reptiles in the Bwindi (impenetrable) forest preserve of southwestern Uganda. After checking into the Hotel Boulderland we visited the Nairobi Snake Park - a rather run down place with exhibits of several species of African snakes and ironically (because they're usually hard to keep alive in captivity) a Crotalus adamanus; also an African slender-snouted crocodile (Crocodylus cataphractus) which I photographed. Walking into the Snake Park, down a narrow stone walk bordered by a rail and a rock wall, we squeezed past a class of 20-30 Kenyan school kids (~6-8 years old?), who suddenly began enthusiastically squeezing our hands and greeting us with smiles and laughter. Their response passed w/ us down the line, reminding me of

Greene, H. 1990 October 23 (continued) adjacent savannah. On my first day in Africa I am struck by similarities to Latin America: right ado on the bus stop shelters, barefoot kids everywhere, diesel fumes, lots of fresh produce, people walking everywhere. W/ two others we took a mini bus to the natural park, first spending ~45 minutes in a sort of zoo near the entrance. Saw a Maunya striata sunning at the base of a store house. Soon after entering the park, Bob spotted a big leopard (Panthera pardus) in a tree, sprawled on a limb. While we watched, it looked our way then turned and in a couple of bounds was down the trunk and out of sight. Three giraffe near us abruptly turned parallel and pointed in the leopard's direction. Photographed a red-cheeked cordon-bleu (Uraeginthus bengalus) eating someth' in dung. In three hours we saw thousands of mammals, including various antelope, blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), zebra (Hippotigris quagga), warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), eland, waterbuck, bateleur eagles (one w/ a young one next to it- olive gray, the septum at a distance of a stuffed toy), ostrich, five baboons, and monkeys. We spent ~30 minutes walking a trail littered w/ hippo dung along a deep stream (~10m wide), and photographed several turtles Bob thinks are Pelodiscus subrufus basking on emergent limbs. October 24 We slept late and relaxed, still pretty jet lagged. I woke up ~3:30h. w/ a terrible leg cramp, almost my

Greene, K. 1990 October 24 (continued) Upper right calf swollen and hard - took a few minutes to go away, and I must have pulled a tendon because I was limping 'til mid-morning. Out to the airport by noon, where Jens and Bob successfully argued our huge quantity of luggage on Kenya Airways for only $70 overweight fees (Jens to the K.A. woman: "you wouldn't want to keep these bags"). Flew west over Lake Victoria which is so large it can't be seen shore-to-shore from 35,000 feet in a jet. Uganda customs in Entebbe was slow but hassle free, and we were met and taken to Kampala by John Mitchell, Bob's friend who works for CARE and facilitated our trip. His Somali wife fixed us a fabulous dinner, reminiscent of the Ethiopian restaurant in Berkeley. October 25 Kampala to Kabale, Uganda We left the CARE office at 0940 h, and had lunch of avocado salad, goat, and rice in Mbarara at x1400h. ~20 mi WSW of Mbarara a large Displodyus type crossed the road in front of us, and ~35 mi WSW of Mbarara we hit a Chacelo of crossing the road at 1530 h in hilly cultivated country. Over this entire section of road there was scarcely any undisturbed land in sight - everywhere people, cattle, and goats. No horses, very few dogs, no pigs. Red dirt everywhere, drab-gray mud houses w/thatched or tin roofs, and women in veiled clothing.

Bwinoli (Impenetrable) Fores Reserve, Kabale and Rukungiri Districts, Uganda Buhoma Camp 5200' Omubiyauja Swamp 6000' Ishasha Gorge Camp 3800' Ngoto Swamp 4200' Kitahurira Ruhizha 7750' Mubwindi Swamp 7000'

Heese, H. 1990 October 25 Ruhizha, Kabale District, Uganda, 7750 ft. (continued) We arrived here at 2100h, after a 2 hour ride over a tortuous rd from the nearest settlement. This is a field station run by CARE's "Development Through Conservation" program and WWF, supervised by a wife-husband team. Jan Kalina greeted us w/ dinner, and afterwards we found an adult Chameleo sp. (3 horns) 2m above ground at the end of a droopy emergent stem asleep. Jens also found little ones on grass stems hanging out from the road cut fork - are they so positioned to avoid predators, catch the earliest sun, or both? October 26 We had breakfast w/ Jan, met various Ugandan park personnel, and walked around the station. Much cleared country to one side, and uncut mountain forest in other directions. Brief sun and cool and cloudy. Jim found a small Chameleo which like the others tends to leap from the hand and curl up as it lands on the ground. After lunch from 1350-1600h we walked down from headwaters 100m then along a north-running ridge about a km to several old ruined houses. We caught 7 Adofus sp. and saw others: on short rock faces along the road cut, in sunny spot on a narrow side trail, and bask[ing] on an angled board of an old house (photo only). Jens found two communal rest sites on east-

Greene, H. 1990 October 26 (continued) facing rock faces along the road to the ruin. "Site #1" was 1m above ground in a hidden flake crevice, vertical, ~5cm wide & 8cm tall. It contained a cluster of 12 white adherent fresh eggs in a mass ~5cm long and 1.5 cm wide, vertical in the crevice and arranged horizontally stacked. There were 21 old eggs, some obviously hatched, covered in dirt and interspersed w/ roots. "Site #2" was in red dirt among rocks on the road cut wall, ~ 1/2 m above road. This site had 19 largely adherent fresh white eggs w/ advanced embryos that look like Adolphus sp., and 31 old eggs - red dirty and grown threw w/ roots. We saved all eggs (HWG-2098-2101). Measurements for eggs (fresh) at "Site #1" are 8.3x15.6mm, 8.4x14.5mm, 8.3 x 15.0 mm, 8.3 x 15.0 mm, 8.3 x 14.4 mm; for fresh eggs from "Site #2" are 11.7 x 20.9 mm, 11.1x 15.6mm, 11.1 x 15.5 mm, 11.6 x 15.6 mm [last 3 adherent], 10.5 x 16.2mm 10.1 x 16.1 mm, 11.1 x 17.8mm, 12.3 x 20.4mm. The ♀ I grabbed (HWG-2096) has 4 large shelled eggs in her, suggesting 4-8 females nested at each site w/in a short time. At ~1730h we drove w/ car out the same north-running ridge and then down the NW side of it 3-4 km to an old mine, just above where a stream crosses the road. Bob and I entered the cave (from which water flows) a few meters looking for snakes. It is an eerie place, the entrance shrouded in vegetation. The rock face over the entrance (which is about my height)

Greene, H. 1990 October 26 is stained w/ broad bright stripes of yellow and orange. (continued) As I walked back in there was a sudden noise of low, almost boom-like quality, accompanied by high pitched cries - in the light I could see the brown bodies and orange - glowing eyes of dozens of fruit bats. We found nothing under the mini debris scattered around, and explored the swampy area upstream (to the SW I think) of the crossing until ~1940h (after dark). There are several houses up hill, and the entire time we were followed by ~10 African kids (~6-16 years old, all small for their ages by my biases), sly but also mischievous. The boys wear shorts and T-shirts, the girls simple straight dresses, and all of them are covered w/ a layer of dust. Their body odors are rich and strong, almost offensive and yet intriguing, like being in a group of large ungulates or something. Around the stream and swamp we got frogs of the genera Hypoplioe, Phrynobatrachus, Rana, and Eleutheritis. We couldn't enter the largest swamp area due to its depth, but the Africans ran laughing out in it for 8-10 meters, their weight insufficient to penetrate - their movements caused the mat to undulate over a large area, as if they walked on a water bed! ~1900h I walked up the road to look for sleeping snakes and lizards in the roadside vegetation, and saw at a distance of ~75m a small cat that

Greene, H. 1990 October 26 (continued) was probably Felis lybica (based on size and the fact that according to Jan Africans here almost never have house cats). At ~2030h I found a ♀ Chameleo johnstoni asleep on a hanging vine or twig that emerged alone for ~1m and ended ~3m above the slope I stood on - like the others we've seen asleep, she faced up-twig from the end, w/ tail curled. October 27 Partly cloudy at 0700h, and much sun by 0800h. I caught a Scincella-like skink active just inside the door of our house at 0950h. Spent the morning preparing for trip to Mulwindi Swamps. Our porters spent ~1 hour arguing among themselves about division of loads, just like in travel books! We left at 1240 h w/ Vincent the Game Ranger and another Ugandan, the porters and camp cook having gone on already. Mulwindi Swamp, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Kabale Dist., Uganda We arrived here ~1500h after a strenuous walk up and down a couple of 600-800 ft. gorges. Overcast and intermittent light drizzle throughout, and a few minutes after we arrived an hour-long hard rain commenced. We are camped on a terrace a few meters south of the south border of the swamp. Saw lots of old elephant dung on the trail coming in, and enormous, water-filled tracks by the swamp at one place. Vincent says the elephants come here in the dry season, and that now they are up higher in the bamboo zone. During the rain storm the 7 of us huddled under a tarp w/ our cooky

Heane, H. 1990 October 27 (continued) fire, our eyes burning and our feet cold and wet. There are poles in the water where we crossed the swamp, but we'd worn shoes or jungle boots and couldn't avoid going in. I had just realized huddling up slope behind Vincent that the unrecognized (but somehow familiar) part of his odor is cooking fire smoke. Our cold dies work for cooking by using long limbs that dry progressively as they are slowly pushed into the fire. Three species of turacos are calling loudly from the surrounding trees as mist rolls over the late afternoon ridges. Rain had stopped x/600 m and we quickly set up our

Greene, K. 1990 October 28 (continued) My head made hopping and croaking sounds that I at first mistook for someone walking and tossing stones in a methodical way. While we ate two ibis flew low over the swamp in tight formation, like jets, squawking loudly like New Year's noisemakers. One pair of Hyperelias have laid a flat, round sheet (1 egg deep) on side of a plastic bag, and list says they are typically placed just above water level on the sedges - our camp faces N across a small end of the swamp arm running from NW (our end) to SE, ~50-60 m across and >=100 m from the end to the "bridge" of poles in the water where we walked across from the trail coming in. Swamp is almost a monoculture of sedges 2-2.5m high above water. Tallest surrounding trees are ~30 m, many festooned w/moss. By 1000 h there are heavy clouds after a brief burst of sun earlier. Photographed and pickled while ~2 sq. frogs called from the swamp. Great Blue Turacos flew over w/rareous croaks, flashing bright blue-green over wings; yesterday one dropped into a tree over our camp that had bright red under the wings. From 1430-1630 h I walked SE w/Vincent (Game Guard) for ~2km along the SE border of our arm of Mubwindi Swamp. We saw elephant droppings everywhere, and places where their huge footprints went out into the swamp edge; did gorilla nests on the opposite slopes; and fresh felid dropping ~the size of a lyre and therefore probably golden cat. A cloudy afternoon w/periodic light drizzle (heavy rain started soon after we returned to camp). Vincent says the commonest snake here is Atteus mitschei, which they see coiled on leaves. Back at camp, huddled around our fire under the

Greene, H. 1990 October 28 days. I say "We say smoke follows beauty." Vincent (continued) replies, "We say smoke follows are who defecates too close to the trail." Heavy rain from 1700 hr til after 2100hr, and the stream that runs along SE border of swamp (in it - so this is really a marsh) is going fast. Bob & I went out into the swamp ~1 km SE of our camp and got more frogs plus 2 chameleons that are not the three-horned C. johnstoni we've been catching. Vincent and I walked the trail along SE edge of swamp from 2000 - 2100 hr but caught only a Leptopelis kiruensis. I fell into wet boots in an area of elephant tracks and water, to over my knees, finally pulled out w/ help of a good walking stick Vincent cut me this afternoon, and then was pretty cold w/ a boot full of water and mud. Later, back at the fire it all seemed so almost primal: around a sheltered fire in the African night, overlooking a swamp frequented by elephants, reeking of smoke intertwined w/ our own odors, surrounded by a dark hard rain. Helps one imagine the consequences of inventing fire! Bob Drewes and I lapsed into a conversation about the movie "Quest for Fire." October 29 Partly cloudy, some blue sky, a few scattered frogs calling when we awoke at 0700hr. Bob has already explained to us that throughout Africa people believe firmly that chameleons have a deadly bite and will not touch them; and that the reason we can let them bite us is that we are white. Now he convinces Dennis (student from university in Kampala) to hold one

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these, H. 1990 October 29 from last night, and he in turn talks Vincent the Game (continued) Grand into trying it. Vincent seizes the lizard behind the head, it struggling and gaping, holds it a few seconds and says there are waves moving up his arm, then gives it to Bob and runs several meters laughing, shaking his arms, and jumping. John the cook flat refuses. Dennis tells me there are no fish in this swamp. We break camp and take short walks in the AM then leave between 1/00 -1/30 h, first around the end of the swamp then back by the trail we came in on - probably ~5km total. Part way up the steep first ridge NE of the swamp Vincent catches up to me and says he promised to show me gorilla nests - so he has been up to that point and will later return to organize the photos. At 12/20 and 12/33 h I grabbed adult Bufo hopping beside the trail. At ~1/30 h Vincent takes me ~50-75m off trail down a gorilla trail -basically trampled down vegetation ~1m wide that crosses our trail and goes out over a steep slope of open (no big trees) dense vine vegetation. We fall through constantly. He shows me two nests a few meters apart, each a trampled down platform w/ dung on the edge, one where an adult has been and one where a juvenile slept. A few minutes after we crested that ridge a storm came through that lasted over an hour and thoroughly soaked us; some thunder and lightning and rain in dense blowing sheets. I stayed warm, thanks to a polyporsine undershirt and Gore-tex rain jacket plus my largely useless pancho. Rain ended as fens and I walked through

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Greene, H. 1990 October 29 "Bird Valley" (Jan Kalina's name?), and by then I had to (continued) stop to empty water out my boots. The last long hill is steep and climbs almost 1000', and Jens and I logged each other on. At one point I thought of Wendy Roberts and knew she would roar past us not even party! Jens and I periodically lapsed into disbelief that our porters, most of whom look 6-9 years old and are probably twice that (judging from questioning the kids who were following me around the evening of the 26th), who carry loads of 50-70 lbs. up and down these slopes on their heads - barefooted, w/out slipping or partly heavily, for a pitiful wage. Ruhiza, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Kabale Dist., Uganda Jens and I arrived here ~1500h, preceded by Jim and Bob. The porters, Vincent, etc. arrived about an hour later, even tho we met them going out to get our stuff on the trail. Had a Power Bar, orange drink, and two slices of salamine - juicy, greasy meat seemed absolutely delicious! Dinner w/ Jan and Tom; then to bed, very weary at 2100h and a fitful night. I dreamed Claudia, Chris Schneider, and I were cooking dinner. I dropped a huge skillet of boiling oil on the floor, had to leap and hang on to some bar to avoid losing my bare (?!) feet, and Claudia was yelling at me for ruining everything! October 30 Overcast. We are still settling into the social scene here - sharing a house w/ Jonathan Bararga, Deputy Director,

Greese, H. 1990 October 30 eating sort of meal to meal w/ jam and Tom a food (continued) that suddenly appears. Over breakfast of bread, margarine, and jam sandwiches, we joke about dressing up as a giant chameleon (a la the centipede costume in "Bay to Brethers") and denouying a local village on Halloween. From 1030-1230h I walked out the ridge road toward the house ruins we searched a few days ago, hoping there would be snakes basking in the bright sun. At 1045h I spotted an Adolpus ~3m above ground on a fallen tree trunk ~25 cm in diameter on an east-facing slope, perpendicular to the late morning sun; it dashed down the trunk and out of sight at my approach to 4 m. At 1055h a ♂ (wide head) Adolpus in full sun on the east side of a tire tree trunk (dia. ~30cm), ~30cm above the ground; dashed around tumb and up ~4 m when I readed for it, and ~2 minutes later was headed down to original site. I grabbled and got only two pieces of willigtail. At 1112h an Adolpus on a stump ~10cm in diameter, and 30cm high emergent from dense leafy low vegetation on an east-facing road cut, body horizontal and perpendicular to sun - the only sunny place to bask in many square meters except on leaves (NB: which this species doesn't use as perch); ran down into leaves as I approached to 3m. At 1120h a gravid ♀ (narrow head, swollen abdomen) Adolpus horizontal & perpendicular to sun on an east facing dirt roadcut bank, ~1m above road and 40cm below grassy lip of bank. She was a few cm from a hole 35 x 20mm.

Greene, H. 1990 October 30 (photos) into which she disappeared when I approached (continued) to ≈2m. Digging I found a [illegible] split in the bunnw ≈2an in; one branch went up slope ≈25cm and ended, the other down ≈20 cm- to an exit hole hidden in grass through which I suppose she escaped. Both arms of the bunow were shallow, < 3 cm under the surface. Walking back at 1200h I found a sheet mass of frog eggs w/ capsules ≈8 mm and black eggs ≈1mm; one egg thick, and including ≥75 eggs and coreig ≈20 X 8cm in an irregular sheet - Bob says maybe Ptychoadena. This morning Jens found two more Atolpus nests under golfclity roots flakes ≈1/5m above the road coming into the field station. Near "Site 3" faced S and had 19 "old"eggs - infused fawt dirt and small roots. "Site 4" faced SE and had 45 "old" eggs, 1 "old" egg w/ a dead "near term" embryo, and 16 new "fresh" eggs in 4 adherent groups of 4 each. Jens found the fresh eggs together in a mass ≈12.5 cm wide and 22.5 cm high. Measurements of the fresh eggs are: 15.6 X7.9, 15.5, 15.4, 15.7; 15.2, 15.1, 15.1, 15.6; 15.6, 15.6, 14.6, 14.7; and 18.2, 18.2, 18.1, 17.3 mm - overall impression is of uniformity w/in clutches and disparity among them in size, suggesting deposition over a period of days or even weeks. After lunch Jens and I went down the steep trail behind Jen and Tom's house, thence by road back around in a circle up to the station by road. Stopped on the way down the steep trail to climb a few feet up a tree covered w/ bright green moss, hoping for Athene. At 1536h,

Heene, H. 1990 October 30 along the road, at least 3 black and white colobus (COltiNued) monkeys jumping from tree to tree, acrobatics remin- iscent of New World spider monkeys. At 1613 I caught a ? Bufo kizoloensis hopping beside the road in leaves and moss, into which she sought refuge. At 1628h we spotted an adult 0 adolus on an east facing rock face beside road ~2.1m up, which went in an adjacent (~3cm) hole in the rock. At 1730h w/in ~10 minutes we were surrounded by flying termites, and wondering why no birds were after them. At 1800 h there was a sudden hard, dark shower. Reading leaves of Grass, which she loaned me, I wondered where and who Wendy Roberts was when she read various parts of this - I must ask her. After dark Bob gave a spirited slide show on African herps which elicited many questions and comments from the Ugandans. Dinner w/Jan and Tom, then we returned to find our house swarming w/ driver ants! October 31 Cold, hard rain when we gradually stumbled out between 0630-0730h. Ants everywhere - there is much stomping, cursing, sweeping, spreading of ashes etc. as we have coffee and bread. The rain turns into a real storm that lasts most of the day - our house is very cold (~10-12°C) and we huddle, drink tea, our breath steaming and chat - frustrated at being pinned inside. Sun finally breaks out ~1630h and we take still more photos of the Virunga volcanoes to the SE, swatted

there, H. 1990 October 31 (continued) in bright white clouds and framed by green montane forests in the foreground - our porch view. I read some of Walt Whitman's Civil War poetry - Who! - and worked on my snake book. Mid-afternoon we lapsed into a discussion of our toilet. It is a large, sturdy wood shed w/ wood roof and floor and walls and an open door on the front; a rectangle ~10x25 cm through which to shit; and a board cover w/ upright pole handle that the paper slides down on. One squat deeply, and Jens has been complaining of it. I found that holding the cover a few cm off the floor by its handle in front of me as a counterweight helps my balance! We are all mystified that so much wood goes into such a large shed, to incompletely surround such a small hole - why not some of that material for a one-hole platform? Jens brought ~10 extra baseball caps of various brands and colors, and mid-afternoon he suddenly began passing them out to African workers - our cooks, etc. This proves a problem - there isn't enough to go around, and soon everyone in the vicinity is hounding us for a cap. Tom let us each take a couple of captured poacher spears (Vincent had told us of the cache), and one of mine is a bicone w/ a float, made from a piece of large diameter cane or bamboo, at the back end - used for hippos. Earlier Tom and Jan had their houseboy bring us a packet of Halloween treats.

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Greene, H. 1990 October 31 (continued) We went to their house for dinner, all carrying balloons and Bob wearing a big Halloween mask, pounding their doors with a spear. We were joined by [illegible] Wilhelm Möller, a film maker who will go to Buhoma tomorrow w/ us. Bob drinks too much whiskey, talked too much, and began hassling Jan again about not letting him collect here last February - I made an aside which he heard and then backed off; Jens, Jim, and I left early and talked about before turning in. November 1 Packed for the trip, and left ~1130hr in two Toyota trucks. Kitahemira, NE edge of Bwindi Forest Reserve, Rukungiri Distr., Uganda Very close to this settlement we found a gravid female Bilis nasicornis at 1320m, and kept it despite the smell. Buhoma, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Rukungiri Distr., Uganda We arrived here ~1600hr and walked around, caught Piana angdensis in wet water & grass beside the 2-track at our campsite. I found a land snail the size of my fist (Bob says its Achatina) that has many little dark arthropods w/ swollen yellow abdomens crawling on it. Set up camp and had dinner of baked sweet potatoes and peanut sauce - lots of it but nothing else. Walked ~2100-2230hr under a bright moon, Jim O'Brien got a Rhaphlebon sp. ~1m above ground on a twig in our camp area, and Bob & Jens got several green Hyperolius cf. fuscotis. November 2 Awoke late ~0730-0800hr, because sun filters in through canopy late. Posho for breakfast - a slurry of flour and water, much like

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Azeez, h. 1990 Nov 2 (continued) and milk. Our "choo" (toilet) is a small hole in a mound of dirt, braced by crossed sticks. This place looks a strange combination of low and montane wet forest if compared to Costa Rica, in that the trees are quite tall (>30m) but not big - few have substantial buttresses and I haven't seen a really big one yet. They are often festooned w/ thick wet moss. There is a dense understory of herbaceous vegetation >1m high, lots of ferns including big tree ferns. Bright blue sky all morning. I walked for ~30min out and back a small trail that crosses three streams, then ~1km downhill (~5h) on the 2-track. At 11:05h found a cat scat ~ size of golden cat and two unknown frog cells from ground level around a big seep beside the road. Returned ~1/2.5h to dry my two bags of wet clothes in the sun. This place is very different from La Selva (of course, this is ~5200'el.) - almost no bad insects, no real danger from snakes. I asked Vincent what is the most dangerous thing in the forest, and he said it's holes made by miners, pit sawers, and poachers - you could fall through vegetation into one. Then maybe elephants, but they usually run from people here in the forest. Many local Africans use the 2-track we drive in on by our camp - I saw 6 in it (in this morning, all of them w/ baskets on their heads. Dark clouds roll in from NE at 12:30h and we got a brief shower at 13:20h (it had rizzled much of yesterday

Greene, H. 1990 November 2 (continued) afternoon as we drove in, at 1515h a thunder storm hit, slows down, quiet, and it gets cold by 1800h. We sit around the fire and listen to news of heavy fighting in nearby Rwandan on a portable radio brought by Dennis - says rebels have been routed and fled to SW Uganda! According to Jan Bwiri means the darkest of dark places; local legend says a queen once ruled the land and if you say her name while near the swamps you die. Jen and I walked the stream near camp and found lots of Hyperolius w/ yellow backs and turquoise vocal poules, plus several egg masses on leaves, one a conglomert of x 4 masses together in a pendulous mass of mosesana tree link. He spotted a Rhampholeon ~30cm above ground and 1m from stream, head down and vertical on a green leaf. also Kana angolensis at streamside. The stream is 1-4m wide w/ pools, riffles, and streams; we waded up and back to the entrance point from 2030-2215h. Wendy would love it! November 3 Bob, Dennis, Vincent, Wilhelm and I pack and leave at 1030h, and Jen drives out on the road to drop off at the start of a path up to "Two Pond Swamp" - late we learn its real name. Ombujanja Swamp, Shore Hillly Bwiri Forest Reserve Rwenzori Death, Uganda Bob and I arrive here last after a hard three hour hike at 1430h, dmost all up a trail so steep it stares at your face, ~3Km and from 5200-6000' el. Took me an hour to recover! Some rain on the way. We arrive, make camp, and tho still dight Bob hears a Phlyctimantis go "boink" in the swamp - sound like a loud isolated drip in a metal sink. also Hyperolius and Physalaemus. There is a group of

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Keene, ht. 1990 November 3 (continued) pit sawers up-slope from our camp of questionable legality and Vincent, his .30.06 rifle prominently slung over his shoulder, tells them to give us fire coals and a fresh cut plank to use as a cooking bench or he will arrest them! Within minutes we have a big tarp shelter, a fire, and the pot of water boiling for tea and then beans and rice. Wilhelm Müller questions Vincent about the pit sawers because he wants to include them in a film about this forest. Two men will earn 200 shillings (≈$1.30/each) to carry a 14 foot log plank from here to the road on their heads! As dusk settles the pit sawers are still working--singing a chant as their saw, heave-hoy and down vertically w/ a man at each end, rings out. We are camped on the NW side of an irregular, elongate (≈600m) swamp whose sides are mostly herbaceous vegetation. There is some open water, and even areas of exposed mud. At 1830h two pit sawers walk in to meet us and one says he can catch frogs. It starts to pour and we scramble to prop up our tarp where it quickly sags w/ several gallons of rainwater--Vincent collects a big white pail full in a few minutes. At 1905h the rain is so hard we have to shout, but the frogs are so loud we can hear them above the rain! The downpour stops ≈2000h, and we all hunt frogs in the swamps until ≈2135h. Several Xenopus (little dark ones w/ buggy pinhead eyes and round faces) are seen swimming, and we catch Phrynelimantis, Nigrifasis, and two

Greene, H. 1990 November 3 (continued) or more species of Hyperliis calling. Bob is ecstatic as this is clearly our best frog collecting yet. A huge bright cream moon comes up over a high ridge across the swamp @ 2100 hr, illuminating a now clear sky, and thoughts turn to a beautiful, strong, athletic woman I know in Berkeley. There are stars overhead, but the lower ridges across the swamps are swatted in misty clouds, then edges set in sharp relief by the moonlight - A magic evening. November 4 I woke at 0100 hr and noted the frog chorus continue but diminished. At [illegible] 0540hr only a few scattered Phlyctimartis calling, and at 0622 hr the only frog calls were some low chirps. At 0640 hr the pit saweos start up - 555shh-worx, very metallic, x1/second. At ~0830 hr I started walking, first in wet meadow by the N end of the main swamp, then on a forested terrace above the main swamp SE of our camp. The tree trunks, branches, and ground are everywhere a rich, wet, virulent green due to the heavy carpet of moss and ferns - easy to imagine the extreme crypticity of Rthais and Bitis masicornis, even on the forest floor here. Came back to camp @ 1015 hr because clouds are gathering and I left my parcho there. Vincent walked to the "second pond" of this place's informal name, and says this is really one long marsh drained by a river at it's NW end, w/ periodic open water, "ponds" intermangled w/ wet, frog-like meadows. There are even hummocks

Greene, H. 1970 November 4 (continued) of something that looks like sphagnum moss to me, but Wilhelm thinks it's actually a grass, interspersed by widely scattered 3-4m high trees themselves saggng w/ darker moss. Vincent makes rope out of sapling bark, uses grass to scour plates and cooking pots, and makes good toast by skewering mouldy bread vertically on small peeled branches. As we finish rice and beans and clouds come over at noon, Vincent suddenly jumps up and shows us the remains of an old poacher's snare right in front of our camp - probably for duikers he says. We break camp and start the hike back to Buhoma ~1230h and at 1250h, just over the crest ~6200'el. I catch a Bufo beside the trail. Took a different trail down, even steeper but shaded as we were always in forest - whereas trail up was in full sun of cleared land for first hour or so and second growth for sometime hereafter. Vincent showed me to use my walking stick w/ the foot going forward - opposite of my inclination but more effective. Buhoma, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Rukungiri Dist., Uganda Bob and I walked into camp 1505h, the last 30 minutes in a real downpour. This AM Jens and Jim found a hatchling Dasypeltis extra (obvious umbilical scar) climbing the stem of a recently cut leafy plant in the middle of the 2-track to our camps; its only response to my hand is slow crawling (it is opaque-eyed, in pre-shedding condition). This AM they also found a quiescent

Greece, H. 1990 November 4 (continued) Dipsadobia sp. coiled >3m above the stream in a bush which enlarged its head when they caught it. I could only evoke sustained crawling and persistent head hiding under a circular, compact (but not closed) body coil in handling it. It is a powder green snake w/ silver eye & vertical black pupil, black intercalan skin, and a forgorwise blue venter that runs upon the sides of the tail - replaced by irregular yellow or ventral side of several inches of neck and a white chin. I popped a relatively large Rana cf. argensis from the snake that had been swallowed head-first. Rain continues as dinner is served, and Vincent continues to charm everyone w/ his quick wit. On the way down from the Blue Hills today, he told us the big black millipedes (~5 x 16 mm) we see commonly will coil around your penis and cut it off. That

Greene, H. 1990 November 5 (continued) hens' eggs from a passerby, which we ate fried w/ smoked toast smeared w/ marmelade Wilhelm some- how produced. He will leave after breakfast and be missed. Took photographs, picked, etc. during a morning that didn't turn bright sunny til almost noon. 1100hr while we were working Leo brought in our first leopardie for this site, which he found hopping on the path through our camp area. Then he fixed me a bath - first in some week. He had prepared a dense platform of green leaves to stand on - w/ a stout limb beside it for hanging clothes and towel, a basin of very hot water, a basin of cold water, and a cup. Very warm water and shampoo for the head and crotch were absolutely glorious! Then I walked several hundred meters up and down the two-track, checking trees and logs to the side, and down the forest trail through three creek crossing - didn't see a leop, tho I was especially alert to sunny spots. Returned for lunch and rode witing at 1400hr as storm clouds closed over, but by 1630hr we'd still had scarcely a drizzle so walked out along the 2-track again and picked up a J Byfs in wetgrass to keep alive for Anna Graybeat at 1650hrs. On the BBC's African news report at 1815 hr we heard that 500 Rwanda rebels overrun a border outpost a few km from Kabale, the quiet little town through which we entered Bwindi Forest. After dinner we all went on separate walks - I went to the second stream crossing,

Greene, H. 1990 November 5 on the forest trail, getting a big ? Teptolepis on a shrub (continued) (see catalogue for details on frog captures) just out of camp. Took #30 minutes to get to the stream since I kept checking trailside plants for snakes and sleeping lizards - nothing. Waded upstream from the second crossing (leaving a large red flag so as not to miss the little trail in the way rocks! There are scattered Hyperdius calling, and several Rara angloensis and cf. Petropedetes in ferns growing from mossy boulders in the fast ripples. Walking in the stream and catching them I think about Dipsadoboa in its powder blue green livery, searching stream banks for Rara angolensis - surely the color (which to me is strikingly reminiscent of Boiga cyanea of SE Asia and Bothriechis vicitor of Central America) is cryptic when the snake is asleep on vegetation in the daytime. That is a different sleeping strategy than comparable frog-eating snakes in the neotropics (e.g., Leptodeira deepsi in Honduras), but maybe at this altitude the snakes need to be exposed in the daytime even though they as nocturnal, in order to thermoregulate and digest prey. Just as I was returning to the trail, looked up to see a little tree frog perpendicular to the small branch on which it sat, # 3 m over the stream. That is fun to see, and brought back very pleasant memories of Costa Rica. On the trail back, encountered Jens and Bob who had found a Dipsadoboa # 8' above the stream on a vertical, moss covered branch, extended and motionless - as Jens called to Bob, the

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Greene, H. 1990 November 5 (continued) snake started up the link. I palped a 2.3 g Hyperolius (the kind Bob calls "red," which is yellowish) from at a grazed & freshly eaten wood-first. It is colored like the previous, except no yellow on neck. November 6 An early dawn, sleeping bag hiker; inspired by wonderful memories (the only privacy here is retreat into daydreams) and perhaps reading some Walt Whitman yesterday: "Just and musk, share two letters, M-S". Packed up and left ~1015h, arrived at a tea factory ~1150h to see about availability of their guest house. Roads in this region are so rough one has to hang on all the time to keep your head from suddenly crashing into the side of the truck. We arrived at our Ishasha Gorge campsite ~1245h Ishasha Gorge, NE boundary of Burinji Forest Reserve, Rukerwe District, Uganda This is a hot open campsite on a hill covered w/ grass, shrub and scattered saplings, overlooking to the SE to the Gorge on the edge of the Reserve; we walked for ~20 minutes through high grass and plantations to get here. Absolutely sweltering, and no drinking water yet. Jens bought 10 pineapples for ~$80 and three of us ate one in 5 minutes - and I'd just been thinking about pina this morning! W/in ½ hour the weather transformed dramatically to rain blowing in to our tarp, lightning, etc. - and us on a naked hilltop! We quick pulled tarps, ponchos, etc. over us, collect rain water off the tarp edges, and have another slice apiece off the rapidly dwindling salami I brought. The same guards go through a pretty funny routine (to me) of

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Greene, H. 1990 November 6 (continued) re-orienting their tarp. Rain finally stops ≈1545hr, just as Jan returns bringing Bob's friend, a writer for Outside magazine, Michael McCray. Back to our specimens from last night. Clouds up heavily as we wait for dinner, ≈1830-1900hr, w/ some wind and it seems chilly. Big groups of hornbills w/ bright white and black wings fly into the Gorge below as- the bird species Jan has been studying for 10 years, so she is really excited to see them. We went into Ishasha Gorge ≈2045-2210hr, and worked along the big river and also the smaller Kabonga River, in which Jens got 2 Rana angolensis and 2 Hylarana. Benjamin Boyanda, a Game Guard that joined us for this trip, went w/ me along the Ishasha. We walked across a big treefall along the river, and on the way back Benjamin said it was too dangerous and we cut new trail around it. The big river is boiling and brown. The trail down is almost vertical through rocky clefts, and Bob hurt his hand in a fall; takes ≈15 minutes to go up. I slept well, but like several other nights recently, I had long, detailed, weird dreams—something I almost never do in the U.S. November 7 Partly cloudy and hot by 0800hr, and 5 locals come to offer us a big rooster - there was much bickering, and I thought Steven the senior game guard was insulting the chicken's character in order to lower the price. Late, Jens speculated that since they were speaking in

Greene, H. 1990 November 7, local dialect, maybe the two were debating how high (continued) the price could be jacked, an appropriate kickback, etc - at any rate, we paid /600 shillings, x $3. Jens wants that chicken in our pot. At 10:15h, Jens, Jan, Benjamin, and Francis (another Game Guard) went down into the Gorge. Saw a skink ~6" long basking on a log halfway down, w/ leaded dorsals, white lip stripe, and a distinctly attenuated tail (cf. Mabuya). We encountered two officers, a man and a little boy, each carrying a plastic jerry can of locally brewed pineapple beer on their heads. The kid was clearly struggling, his neck quivering, and had glistening wet stripes of sweat on his neck (something I've seen rarely here, contrast to me who soon soaks through). Jens and I wondered if he's in training for adulthood. We walked upstream to the bridge, where Benjamin expressed disbelief that I would walk over the bridge of three fairly narrow logs. Crossed it and he [strikethrough] said we are courageous, so I tried to explain "scared shitters" to him w/out much luck. Along came Jan w/ Francis a Game Guard, and I asked them about a beautiful black clay pot on the head of a woman who came by - said I wanted to buy it for 'my girlfriend'. They looked at me like I had converted on some aluminum sauce pot at K-Mart! Benjamin and I returned to the Kagama River (a tributary that joins the Ishosha just below where our trail from camp hits it), and walked up it for ~30 minutes by

Greene, H. 1990 November 7 (continued) wading in pools and climbing over riffles. We quit where lying across a jumble of boulders is a boat-like wooden object that Benjamin says was being built for making banana beer: [Drawing] ~3-3.5m long It is a hollowed out log, like a dugout, w/ handles on each end, and Benjamin says it is unfinished and thus was probably washed downstream and lost before use. He also said people here kill all snakes because they believe all are deadly. On the trail back up to camp Jens caught an Agamys atricollis and the Moluya sp. we saw earlier. Bob, Jim, and Mike failed to catch a big green snake they saw chasing a lizard in dense vegetation around a tree - Bob says probably Philothamnus but might have been Dendroaspis or Dispholidus - either more likely I think if it was chasing a lizard. Come back to camp at 1300h in a rain, eat "ground nuts" and half a banana. &/1330h we get hit by the most powerful storm I've ever been in, still more evidence that this is a poor place to camp. For ~30-40 minutes the wind howls over our little bencol w/ sheets of rain, our tarps banging and yanking out some of their poles. There was frantic yelling, banging, tying of ropes, etc., and everything

November 7 outside the tents got soaked. Afterwards the light (continued) and cotton white clouds in Ishasha Gorge are soft and peaceful, as if the gods have helped again. Tried some more telephoto shots a la Mike Fogden's advice. At 1600h we had a sudden visit from the local landowners and the head of the local "Resistance Council" head, who said we were welcome but they wanted to know our business. Out came snake and toad, and an impromptu show- and-tell by Bob made a good impression. At 1645h, perhaps because the "Resistance Council" has clocked us out, the locals are coming in groups of 6-8, staring at us doing chores and shooting the stunt—their faces show a combination of anxiety and curiosity as if we were aliens! Twice now when showing a snake or a crane to local people, they have expressed the opinion that I must be taking a special medicine in order to do it. At 1700h Benjamin tells that some women from a neighboring farm say a swamp on their land has so many snakes they are afraid to enter — so we peel out of camp in a line of 10-12 people, walk for ~10 minutes down a narrow path through chest-high green grass, past the open doors of a couple of dirt-floored one-room mud huts w/ eyes peering out, and entered an elongate, dark swamp beside a sweet potato patch. Bob found a tadpole and a metamorphosing frog, so we will return tonight. Benjamin talked to the farmers so that we file past their houseso

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Freeze, 4. 1990 November 7 (continued) Tonight they won't think we are "night dancers." ~1800h a small crowd arrives at our camp bearing an adult Chamaeleo elliotii on a branch, and quite a scene ensues as Bob shows the boy who brought it how to hold the lizard w/out dyin' - one matriarch (his mother?) has a look of extreme revulsion and turns her face away. And the tough old rooster purchased this morning for dinner, skelleted out of Jan's sight as requested. ~2045h we took a big group - all of us and most of the Ugandans - out to look for frogs & snakes. Walking the path and shining my light out over the grassy hills, I got a Chamaeleo elliotii ~3m out on an emergent grass leaf, head facing out. Frogs calling in the farmer's swamp and potato patch, and at 2115h I spotted and caught a juvenile Atheris squamigera ~3m above ground at the swamp border. It was in a circular coil looping over a abreach slightly larger than its own diameter, w/tail pointing along the horizontal branch toward the swamp. Bingo! I just realized my #1 scientific goal for Africa. We also got Bufo (mine was calling on the edge of a water-filled potato patch funnel), Hyperolius and a rocket frog (Hychadaera) in the yam patch. Then trampled all the hell over the landscape, lost some of the time, largely unsuccessfully looking for various calling frogs. Also, to Jens and D's extreme chagrin, waking up farmers, trampling lines through their

Greer, H. 1990 November 7 (continued) millet fields, etc. Tomorrow a new site. We set up past midnight w/ some red wire Mike brought & shoot the shit. Before turning in I went out on the edge of the hill to take a leak - stars and no clouds, trees on the ridge above Isasha Gorge silhouetted individually on the horizon against a giant yellow African moon. November 8woke late, ~0800h, sure my hung out wet clothes had blown to Zaire in a loud windstorm that came through ~0500 h, but Joe our cook had at some point dropped everything in under the tarp. Took until 11pm to break camp and hike out to the cars, where we were soon swarmed by ~25 curious local people. One little boy handed me, wordlessly, an old white plastic bottle - peered in and was surprised by 3 YENOPUS! We didn't get away quickly. Stopped soon at Butogola to buy beer, coffee, and toilet paper. While Jens and I waited in the car a crowd of children surrounded us, and we soon had them in stitches by encouraging to touch our hairy arms, beards, and my bald head. Ngota Swamp, Biwindi Forest Reserve Bukungisi Dist. Uganda Arrived here ~1450h after a deadly ride, at our camp in recently cleared land above a papyrus swamp that extends SW out of the adjacent Reserve into farmland to the NNE. Right on time, big dark storms zoom in from the N as we put up the tarps. Walking around afterwards, looks like this could be our best camp yet.

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Greene, H. 1990 November 8 (continued) As the sun disappears, a group of several things sets up a racket from close inside the forest. Light rain starts ~1910 hr and continues off and on through the night. At 2200hr Jens and I photographed and caught a nice big Hylasara albaleis ~70cm above ground in a tiaklaide tangle at the forestedge, perched horizontally on a twig ≤5mm in diameter - it really did look treefrog-like too. November 9 Bright and sunny at 0800hr. Last night Jan Kalina pointed out how the Ugandans converse long after they bed down and again in the morning early, a soft musical hum coming from their group that is soothsy - something I'd felt but not thought through earlier. This AM, ~1040 hr, I woke up for the second night in a row w/ a foottrache - and for that reason or that Heigroo is 2 larger and has more volume now, found the racket irritating! And all my wet clothes are mildewed. 0930-1100 hr I explored borders of the papyrus swamp, but couldn't go far in because of the pre-crotch height of my waders (and thus threat of water-borne disease) - looking for the supposedly "common once searching realized" (vide Filman in "Snakes of Uganda") Atthis mitschei, but see no herps out in the emergent vegetation. At 1040hr, 2m above the trail at swamp edge, I photographed and collected a gravid female Hypsiboas (green dorsum, white lateral markings, pink groin and legs), humped and asleep on a live leaf facing the petiole.

Greene, H. 1990 November 9 (continued) The frog was conspicuous to me by its chocolate color but soon turned to dark green in a bag. Walked in forest on the way back to camp and dismantled a large rotten log. Still sunny w/ dark clouds passing to the south. At 1400hr I felt something in my beard just below the lips, swatted and picked out a big black wasp, and got stung on the underside of my left index finger - immediate sharp burning pain relieved completely in ~3 minutes by use of an extractor pump! But, I felt nauseous and cold sweaty after lunch so I napped for an hour - woke to a black and white colobus monkey sounding off like a motorcycle w/ no muffler in a nearby tree. Stuck to camp all afternoon, feeling stiffy. ~1800hr listened to Benjamin expound the concept of

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There, lt. 1990 November 10 (continued) tree, staring out w/ their enormous plumed tail hanging down like a plume. Jan says they are the shiest forest monkey. We walked on and on, usually w/ forest on the right and farms on the left, expecty to come to a boundary where all was forest. At 12:15h Bob and I stopped to unsuccessfully chase an Adolfus basking on a fallen tree (f ~ 2:5am), then started back down. At 12:34h I spotted a juvenile Agama atricollis on a large tree trunk on the farm side of the road, and as we circled for a rubber band shot spotted a big colorful (?) on the same tree. Suddenly a small gray raptor soared in from up road, flew between us and the tree chased the lizard around the trunk once and flew off w/out it! Made it back to camp at 13:40h, having walked ~ 5 miles - hot! Lunch and a bath cup by cup. Finally some breeze and drizzle ~ 16:30h. After dinner, ~20:30-21:35h, we walked the road above camp, includy an area of a small creek w/ sedges - no frogs callin', no herps seen. Tried to tease the Ugandans by walking down the hill into camp w/our flashlights held in clampsticks overhead, but no reaction. November 11 Woke up at 03:30h thinking about people, places, etc. Got up at 07:00h because we will have a long day. Finally (after 3 hrs) getting used to shittin' while squatting - this morning I actually lingered in contemplation of some little reddish thrush-like thing in adjacent shrubbery. Bob and Jan

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Greene, H. 1990 November 11 (continued) over breakfast discussed the likelihood that the reason we see so little here is that the past several results from very recent ($\geq$2-4 yrs) clearing and burning. We packed up, carted everything up the hill, and I turned the cars around to face out the 2-track. Just as we were loading the trucks, ~09/15h, two motorcycles w/4 Ugandans roared into our midst from the outside. Jan at first thought they were travelers and asked if they wanted to pass through, but I knew something was up because the lead cycle backed Steven, our chief Game Guard, up to a dirt bank before stopping. They were a thin man w/muscle and white shirt who said nothing and soon took a position on the hillside and watched from above; a thin man w/small t-shirt and bright brown skirt, the District Forest Officer; a shooter, heavier man in a blue windbreaker who was definitely authoritarian and sinister -- drug-like in demeanor; and an average sized man in an overcoat w/ an AK-47 assault rifle slung under his arm. A terse 20 minute confrontation ensued, in which the intruders chastised us for not contacting them for permission, which they said even birdwatchers must have. Bob tried to deflect the conversation w/ a bunch of questions about local forestry practices. Jan stood firm, accepted no blame but was polite and suggested they speak to her superiors in Kampala. Jens and I both felt this was Jan and our Game Guards' party, so kept back to one side of a pickup

Grease, H. 1990 November 11 (continued) and kept quiet. The accusations of trespass were repeated and embellished, as were claims Game Guards (who work for the Game Department) had beat Forestry Department personnel planty boundaries. Frances the Game Guard (son of S[illegible]) was loopy past me w/ incredible intensity, hands on his 30.06, and begin to speak quietly: "They are all corrupt and we hate them. They hate us, and we fight a lot. Sometimes we shoot at each other," Benjamin also stands to the side, rifle in hand. After some haranging tho, the guy w/ the AK-47 seems to relax, removes his trench coat (said to be local symbol of authority) and begins to tease Bob w/ questions about U.S. involved in Iraq. Jan tells them we've got to be going, everyone waves, smiles, and off they go. Our Game Guards are obviously furious. We leave @ 0950h, Jen's car first and 2 minutes later our truck stops, seeming out of gas. Jens and Michael eventually get it fixed - proves to involve gas somehow moving back and forth between the two tanks - and we are off and running at 1045h. We stop in Katerunga, a nearby settlement, for petrol and get involved in an argument over whether they'll sell us 1 or 2 jerry cans full (we get 1), and suddenly our buddy, the corrupt DFO appears! But now he's surrounded by people and seems friendlier; perhaps he's worried Jen will report him for the

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Greene, H. 1990 November 11 (continued) Incident this AM. Shortly after leaving, near the turnoff to Ngoto Swamp, we caught a gravid & chameleon elliotti crossing the road in sun, approx 1400h (not noted). Ruhiisha, Bwindi Forest Reserve, Kabale Dist., Uganda At 1615h, as we pulled up the last hill to the field station, I spotted a spectacular large (56g) d. S. johnstoni perpendicular to the late afternoon sun, approx 3 m up on a slender emergent roadside plant, facing down (thus ready for sleep?). Bright line green w/ bright yellow bars on sides. It started down the stem as we approached for photographs - most impressive chameleon encounter I've had yet! Terrific dinner from can goods at Jon's (Tom is in Kampala lobbying for National Park status for Bwindi), w/ Bob frying the ham on a camp stove, drink in hand, our version of the jovial backyard barbeque host. We gorged on ham, chutney (big can), corn, and macaroni w/ cheese. November 12 Slept fitfully - woke up at 0200h thinking of how to get my live stuff home safely. Everyone bitchy this AM - Tom nicknamed Jim

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Grease, H. 1970 November 12 (continued) from dirty lime to a nice powder line green. Also, it defecated w/in the last couple of days - wetball, seems unlikely it was hurtly when I found it. Also yesterday once when I checked the bottle it stuck w/out freezing a gape. ~1/45h I walked down the road to the NW of Ruhigha for ~1 km, until I met Jens and Jim, then returned for lunch ~1400 h. At 1220 h several Adolphus sp. esaped into dense underbrush between the road and adjacent SW facing rock face; it is sunny and warm, not hot. At 1223h caught an adult Adolphus in grass beside road that sought refuge under a small rock. Scanned roadside vegetation slowly, hoping for Otberis nutschei - said to be the commonest snake locally, although no one has seen it since we arrived. At 1330h met up w/ Jens and Jim, who have caught (w/ rubber band shots) ~5 more Adolphus and taken cloacal temperatures, and found two more communal nests. Walking back Jens shoots a hatchling (?) Adolphus at 1338 h., I am up on the sunny/shade bobbled rock face. "Site 5" was under flaking rock ~1.2 m up on rock face, a mass of 28 eggs in an area of ~20 cm high and 15 cm wide. There were 17 "old" eggs w/ slit shells and roots growing through them, in "clutches" (adherent groups) of 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, and 5 eggs. There were 11 "fresh" eggs in adherent "clutches" of 1 (14.6 x 10.9), 1 (14.6x 10.5 mm), 1 (16.8 x 10.8 mm), 4 (16.4 x 10.7, 17.5, 17.2 x 10.8 mm), and 4 eggs (16.5 x 9.6, /6.2, 15.7 x 8.9 mm). Thus a total of ~7 clutches @ 4 eggs/clutch. The

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Greene, H. 1990 November 12 (continued) Exposure was ~ SSE. "Site 6" was on an ~ S exposed rock face ~ 80 cm above ground, 35 cm wide and 30 cm high, hollow under a flake w/ the left side of the vertical cavity exposed. There was a total of 141 eggs or ~35 clutches in this site. Fresh eggs were in adherent "clutches" of 3 (13.7, 13.5, 14.1 mm), 3 (15.7, 15.5, 13.2 mm), and 4 eggs (15.6, 15.4, 14.9, 15.2 mm). 131 old eggs were typically dirty w/ slit shells and fine interspersed roots; there were at least 3 adherent "clutches" of 3, 3, and 4 eggs. Great lunch of guacamole, french fries, and fried ham! At 1630h we had a photo session w/ the freshly shed Athrois squamiger (HWG-2135), placed on a horizontal branch (~15mm, thus greater than snake) at eye level and threatened w/ a wadded large rubber band held w/ forceps. We elicited repeated gapes w/ head extended and fangs 'extended (>=6 times), body inflated anteriorly and head first drawn into a tight S-coil w/ edges level w/ or sometimes anterior to snout. There was a slight drop of the mandibles visible a second or 2 before the gapes. Twice the snake "stuck" at objects (person w/ camera) more than twice its body length distant, w/ the fangs clearly extended. 3/6 gapes were rapid - the mouth and fangs were flashed and closed. After ~5 minutes of this the snake was w/ drawing into a tight S-coil, trying to erect the head (all of this while suspendedly

Greese, H. 1990 November 12 (continued) the tail and posterior, the anterior parts suspended but horizontal. Spent the afternoon sorting and packing. Bob got a big ? Chalever johnstoni just afternoon, and I will try to get her and the ? from yesterday alive. after dinner (rock sorice and peanut sauce), we road walked from ~2030-2200h on the road down from the field station back around below and up via the trail to Jan and Tom's house. At 2053h Jens spotted a small Leptopelis ~3m above the roadside perched perpendicular to the horizontal branch of a small tree. When placed on the road and poked w/ a finger it gave an open-mouthed urken reflex. Jens also got 2 Ch. johnstoni on the trail back. A starry, very stary night w/ perfect temperature - crisp but yet not cold, air somehow sharp and delicious. All the surrounding mountains are clearly demarcated against the clear sky by their black tree covered horizons. November 13 Yesterday the local workers moved Bob and my bunk into an adjacent room, which had been an office w/ radio transmitter when we arrived, w/ Mike because they are converting the one the four of us were in to an office for Agnes the Radio Woman. Jens had already left his bunk for the couch in the main room because of disturbance from Jim "The Twister" and last night my snoozing drove Mike out to the floor. Partly cloudy at 0700h and periodic brief showers as we pack up specimens, etc. all morning. Cold and rainy after lunch.

Azeeze, H. 1990 November 13 We stayed in w/ a fire, packing and needing. Both and (continued) I are taking out the specimens to date: ~530 specimens, 21 genera, and about >= 50 species. We might have 2-3 new species of frogs and a new lacertid, and the Dipsadobra is problematic if I remember Pitman right. At ~1600h, Jeo the cook brought us a fresh baked, un- cut loaf of bread w/ butter and a jar of local honey. What a rush! For the past month food has usually (almost always) been subsistence (and not a lot of it), not pleasant and for the third time this trip I had a flash mental association of especially tasty food w/ eroticism. First, the salami after the walk out of Mulwindi Swamp, which reminded me of the rich juiciness of a woman's crotch; thens the cool sweet pineapple at Ishasha Gorge -- lovely breasts, warm and smooth to the kiss w/ luxurious hair flowing over them; now this bread and a sense -- a largely tactile image perhaps -- of soft, thoroughly feminine hips. Are they linked deprivations -- in Tme and, biochemically, in the brain? Really doesn't matter, but reminded me of the "smite on a giant woman in a shower" dream I had on the Zona Protectora Expedition in Costa Rica, Deiner w/ Jan et al., w/ two disturbing notes. She told us of an incident recently in which several Game Guards accosted some Ugandan soldiers, illegally driving cattle through the Forest Reserve to sell them. The soldiers got the upper hand, ordered everyone down on the ground,

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Greene, H. 1990 November 13 (continued) and fired repeatedly around their heads. Vincent jumped and ran, convinced all of the others were dead. Shed all of his clothes and took 3 days to find his way under cover of the forest back to Ruhighe—arrived in a delirious state, yelling about everyone being killed when in fact they had returned 3 days earlier. Then as we finished dinner, Bob (who'd hit the scotch) was up to his command performance bit, going after Jens and I w/out provocation for liking

Greene, H. 1990 November 13 (continued) head down approx 25 cm out from top of the road bank on a grass stem. No frogs or evidence of them in the road tracks in rain pools in general area where I saw frog eggs earlier. Sky was a low cover of dark clouds, their borders evident only on far distant horizon from under the edge of which I could see Jupiter (I think) and a few stars. Oddly (?) I could see no fires or other lights nor hear voices in the cultivated valleys on either side of the ridge -- an eerie silence from my biased perspective and knowledge that so many people live down there, one broken only once or twice by a lone dog barking. It was cold, but I had on my new warm jacket bought for this trip, and enjoyed the almost electric feeling of the night. I am ready to go home, and not especially looking forward to the next 5-6 days of seasail. November 14 Up approx 0630 hrs, unable to sleep. Went out on the slope behind our bunk house, sat on a stump and listened to "Die Straits": "These mist covered mountains..." while looking out on some, musing about old injuries. Finally noticed Jan's gray-stripped tabby cat, parallel to me on a tree limb that juts out from the clearing over a forest trail -- a good bet was

Greene, H. 1990 November 14 all she was thinking of was the prospect (and (continued) probably the memory) of a mouse on the trail below. At 0730hr a tremendous racket erupted from forest below us (toward Mubwindi Swamp), a nearly chimp troop waking up. No telling what they were thinking about! Left Ruhyinga at 0900 hr, lunch in Mbarara at 1500hr (little bananas on the way) - chicken and rice, including 3 human hairs and a feather! People ride bicycles everywhere here, carrying huge loads of charcoal, bananas, large sacks of potatoes etc. - and today on the road to Kampala I saw a young man w/ an adult coffin (empty?) on his rear bike rack, crosswise - a simple wooden crate, painted light lavender the color of dyed Easter eggs! Mike, on the way to Ruhyinga, saw a corpse rolled in a rug on the back of a bike. We arrived at John Mitchell's house in Kampala At 2030 hr after a last 1-1/2 hr of very rough driving - no shoulder, literally thousands of people in the sidewalks in total darkness, the glare of oncoming headlights and crazy drivers - and we 5 jammed in tight w/ pack's between our legs and on our legs. November 15 Bacon and eggs for breakfast, then to CARE office and to the Ministry of Tourism and Wildlife to chase down Moses Okwa, Head of the

Atenee, H. 1990 November 15 Game Department, for our export permit. Lunch (continued) at the Sheraton Hotel w/ Tom & Jan et al., back to the Ministry to look for Mr. Okua—we'd become concerned about our Nairobi connection and decided to try to leave Uganda tomorrow. Looks like half the vehicles in Kampala belong to some non-governmental organization or Ministry of Whatever! Mr. Okua shows up at 1500 h w/ Joe Baraducci, an animal exporter I'd met years ago in Miami, and suddenly we are crammed in a sedan w/ them, hurrying out to a rundown industrial district to see his frogs, lizards, and snakes. General appearance of the place was grotesquely shabby and dirty. Two representative events: he threw a gecko back into a cage after showing it to us; he had some spitting cobras in a box and said "I wish they'd hung up and die, they be too dangerous to keep here—if I had a freezer I'd kill them." He handled chameleons unnecessarily roughly, as if they could deliver a bad bite. Bob and I were very uncomfortable w/ the whole scene and unsure as to why Okua wanted us there. Joe had ~10 pickled reptiles which he offered us, and Bob was careful to say we are here on a project for CARE—asked Mr. Okua directly if he wanted us to take the stuff and identify it, and Mr. Okua

Hawaii, Ht. 1990 November 15 (continued) said yes. He is to meet us at 0900h tomorrow at the Ministry office here w/ our permit. Got them to rush us back to CARE in Kampala and then Jan took us to Kenya Airways where we successfully moved our exit up to tomorrow. Then out to John Michell's house for the night. At 2130h saw several Bufo "regularis" in the yard and caught one of appropriate size to travel home for Anna Graybeal. November 16 Another fitful day, for Bob too - we are anxious about today's trip, getting the export permit, etc. Also Kampala is muggy, even at 0400h. Good breakfast, then Mike asked Bob to tell him some "war stories" about working in Africa - if I hear one more fucking "Back in '71 in Somalia I was..." I'll throw up. Bob obliged at length. Got to CARE, got a FAX message that changes our schedule 4 airlines between Nairobi and San Francisco, a layover 0200-0600 h Monday in LA, then get home Monday AM - we will try to switch to British Airways in Nairobi, Jesus Christ what a mess! But Bob soon returned w/ our export permits. Out to the airport w/out lunch, and our plane arrives more or less on time, at this point I just wanted to get out of Uganda w/ the live animals in good shape. Arrived in Nairobi @ 1600h after a nice flight on the infamous

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Heere, H. 1990 November 16 Kenya Airways ("Pride of Africa") - some aerial (continued) views of the Rift Valley, Ngong Hills and Nairobi National Park. Get to the Kenya Customs Office - the guy is way up in a booth, I look up at him - Day "Good afternoon Sir." He says "This VISA is expired," Some discussion, then I passed through w/ a VISA good for one week. Off to the Hotel Boulevard, where Bob talks us into a room, even tho the place is "full" - then to a fine dinner at an Indian restaurant Mike McRae recommended. November 17 Breakfast buffet in the hotel (I try for small portions, having learned via the scales at Mitchell's house that I've dropped 10-15 lbs. on this trip), then to British airways where a nice, efficient person in outrageous dreadlocks looked us over tonight's flight to SFO via London, but sends us to the nearby Pan Am office for their endorsement - no problem, and now we skip all those continental stops and LA, just a layover in London then on direct to SFO - we should actually get here 3 hrs. earlier than our earlier itinerary? Off to visit an Indian friend of Bob's, then shopping, lunch, more shopping, then a last shower at the Boulevard. We will dine here on pepper steaks and Kenyan papaya wine, then off to the airport. Since we now run no risk of the checked baggage sitting in the sun, I packed the live animals there and won't have the considerable

Greene, H. 1990 November 17 worry of having others discovered in my hand (continued) luggage. No customs problems in Nairobi, tho Bob got a hilarious outright bribe demand re Kenya $2. U.S. currency: there was a $6 difference between his declaration form and his cash, and the large jovial inspector said "Therefore I will enjoy this $6," and I guess he will! November 18 Departed -5 hrs on the plane to Jordan, woke up twice. First time thinking a pale, light silvery stripe stretching straight away out the window was the horizon of dawn - but it was really a bright light from up front on the plane, shining back on the wing's leading edge. We seem to be in some separate, detached reality up here, in a giant airplane in the dark sky, one that requires an entry passage. Science tells us that the invisible portal to be breached is gravity - but from experience w/ Pan Am over Peru and United at Denver, I know the barrier is fear. Second, I woke up thinking of making love outdoors on a beautiful day: We could be lions in the grass, tails swishing. You could swat me playfully. at approx 1030hr (w/ East of U.S. time) and mid- to late afternoon (local time) I saw the sun rise

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Greene, H. 1990 November 18 (continued) from the SW, as we passed over the Greenland ice sheet. A few minutes earlier it had "set" over the horizon only to reappear as we continued on our polar route. Arrived SFO on time.

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Greene, H. 1990 December 10 La Selva Biological Station, Prov. Heredia, Costa Rica Arrived here approx 1000 hr after a weird trip. I haven't had one good night's sleep since returning from Uganda on November 18 - caused by jet lag, Claudia movin' out (a big surprise), and perhaps malaria medicine which I am still taking. Left Berkeley at 0500 hrs on the 8th, taken to San Francisco airport by Wendy Roberts for flight to San Jose. Waved goodbye to her, went inside and found out I was booked on a flight out of Oakland! No problem tho, as American Airlines had one out of SFO anyway. Arrived in San Jose on time approx 1900 hr, but my bags had missed connecting flight in Dallas and so I had to return to the airport on the 9th to get them, go through customs again, etc. Rode to airport w/ a paclmco whose cab was in constant serious danger of falling apart, shaking badly even at our very low speeds, etc. Had late morning coffee w/ Carmen Rojas. Rode out here w/ Blake Edgar and Melissa Merg friends from Berkeley. After lunch we walked through the Cantarara (full of water, saw quite a few tadpoles but no schools) and around the loop trail, but saw no herps. Deborah Clarke says that Edwin Paniagua is worried we have too many peccaries here now and they are killing the snakes. It is chilly in

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Greene, H. 1990 December 10 (continued) San Jose and here, and all day a strange light rain has fallen. Walking back from dinner, I followed a Tamandua from 1/2 way to the southern end, where it dropped off and almost immediately dug a shallow hole in grass x size of 1/2 its head and for > 1 minute ate some tiny colonial insect - I couldn't see for sure if ants or termites tho from vague appearance I suspect the former. The insects were swarming over its head while the anteater lay on its chest, forelegs extended flat on either side of the excavation, and I could see head muscles pumping rapidly. Never saw any indication the animal was aware of me or my flashlight (I have seen them feeding directly here before too). Walked to far end of Cantarana boardwalk and back to big lot clearing - saw only 1 Rana palmipes and heard a few Hyla, all of this x 1900-1925 hrs. Went back between x 2000-2200 hrs, searching the Cantarana Swamp and returning via SOR. We saw only another Rana palmipes on the leaf floating in the swamp, and heard scattered Hyla. One adult (cf. male) Agalychnis callidryas was alert on a small branch x 4 m above the E. end of the boardwalk. On the SOR we saw a juvenile Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri on a leaf x 30 cm above ground; a juvenile Hyla elaeochroa on a leaf x 1 m above ground; and a large (cf. female) A. callidryas on a large palm leaf x 5 m above ground - alert, as if scanning for insects or about to jump (which it didn't over a period of x 2-3 minutes. Just as we

Greene, H. 1990 December 10 (continued) reached the station, a small Dasypus novemcinctus jumped at Melissa's approach, then careened off into the underbrush. Several people have noted that the weather now is unusually cold—Jack Ewell (Botany, U. Florida) says it's the coldest he's experienced here, beginning in 1964! December 11 Up for breakfast after a pretty good night's sleep (among the very few since returning from Uganda), then laid down and slept til after 1000 hr. Blake & Melissa walked around the CES and CEN, saw Dendrobates, Dasypus, Dasypus aguti. Drizzles off and on all morning and a shower after lunch. The iguana breeding season is on: can easily see several big orange males from the bridge—though they have a look of sad stranded ectotherms in this weather! From ≈1400-1630 hr Blake, Melissa, & I walked SOR, SHO, SUA, CC, CCL, SOR—all the while in a cool drizzle that twice got strong enough we donned panchos. No cat tracks. At ≈400m on the Sendero El Sumpo Melissa saw a Kinosternon leucostomum adult dive into the bottom of a ≈15cm deep trickle of a stream, taking refuge under a dead leaf in a cloud of mud. When I held the turtle it alternated drawing in and closing the plastron w/ reaching out the head and snapping at my fingers. When released at the surface it repeated the disappearance into a cloud of bottom mud. From ≈1945-2145 hr walked w/ Blake, Melissa, and Daria (physician from

Freeze, ll. 1990 December 11 (continued) Berlin) out the CES to 500m and back through Cartarara Swamp. No snakes. Swamp is full, rain all day, a few frogs calling (saw Hyla cf. microcephala). Saw 4 sleeping Anolis limifrons - one on old branch on ground, other 3 x 0.5-1.5 m up - 2 on big leaves, one on vertical tendril of small leaves; all in leaves faced up the leaf (opposite of chameleons?). Saw 1 adult Agalychnis callidryas on stem, alert, x 1.6 m above ground on a slope x CES 300m. I take it that the various Agalychnis we've seen have been foraging, as I've yet to see one in the swamp or any egg masses. [See also December 13, below.] December 12 A rainy gray day - stayed in and read and wrote. After dinner showed slides from Uganda trip and watched a Bruce Springsteen video I brought the Clark's for Christmas. Checked the Cartarana Swamp - scattered frogs calling, no snakes, one Agalychnis saltator 3m above sidewalk at eastend, perpendicular on a small branch. December 13 Rained all night but clearing to a big blue sky before 0800hr. Saw 3 Tayassu eating fallen bananas in the lab clearing as I went to breakfast - they look closer in size to an agouti than the javelinios I'm used to in Arizona. From 0815-1045m walked w/ Bleke and Melissa via CES, LOC, SSO, CCC, and SOR. Saw first Ameiva of the trip, and 5 Tayassu on CCC. By noon it is raining hard. Forgot to mention on December 11 at x300m CES at night I saw a rodent (cf. Heteromys ? based on size etc.) run under a

Greene, H. 1990 December 13 piece of log on a large bare red earth 44ha mound; (continued) When I lifted the log, the rodent was in the opening to a hole and ran out -- made me think of the steel bstein (and sightings?) of Lampropeltis triangulum in an alter mound, because that snake eats Heteromy here. Roland ? (Richmond, California - insects) saw a snake this AM that from his description had to be an adult Mastigodryas melanolomus, or a trail. Went to San Jose via bus in the afternoon, to have dinner w/ the Foydens and, coincidentally, Jack Lurgino. December 14 Returned to La Selva via the OTS car. Blake and Melissa (who will leave this PM) saw frog eggs on a leaf in the Cantarana Swamp last night, and a workman told me he saw a Bothrops asper yesterday in the Ribezeno trail. This AM alternately bright sun & rain. After lunch walked through the Cantarana and out to SOR 700 m to check the swamp below the big hollow Dipterix tree. At 1425 h a neonate (7g, 295+103mm?) Mastigodryas melanolomus crossed the sidewalk just W. of the Cantarana boardwalk - it crawled rapidly, drew the head back into an almost Pseusto-like S-coil when seized, bit and hung on to my finger. Found where an egg mass of Agalychnis callidryas had recently disappeared & where Blake told me to look -- at the "14 sign" 1.5m above boardwalk on the outer tip of a live figus leaf (Deborah Clark tells me this fig plant individual has been found nowhere else on the property

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Greene, H. 1990 December 14 (continued) file Barry Hammell's dissertation. Took photos- must ask Blehe about eggs, because I doubt I'd have missed seeing them on earlier nights - suggesty they lasted only a short time. Checked the sways below big Dipturops - down a steep slope that reeks (in the mind!) of Bothrops asper ! There is what looks like a dense stand of Epithophyllum to the SE of the tree. Also checked out the waterfall and ford the trail and pool above the fall both obscured by large treefalls. At 2033h during a lull in rain I found a small adult (41mTL) Dwarfides incornatus ~ 2.6m aboveground in a 6 cm Ø sapling. The snake was descending a leaf twig to a horizontally covered in moss, w/ it's body arranged in several wide loops - reminded me that another (suppressive) advantage of body elongation is support on thin structures. By 2038h the snake had crawled slowly, tongue-flicking, ~20-25 cm so that it's head had almost reached the trunk. At 2057h I stood on an adjacent log to take closer photos, accidentally bumped the trunk, and the snake abruptly turned back up the limb, twig, and extended ~ 1/3 of its body straight up in space. Hung there a few seconds, then dropped down on the twig and froze. Scattered Hyla callig. At 2200h I returned to find the snake in the same place; on the opposite side of the sidewalk I saw a Hyla elachochra perched about on the leaf of a bromeliad ~1.5m above ground.

Decree, H. 1990 December 15 Rained much of the night and off and on through breakfast, although there are patches of blue sky too. River is once again brown and boiling, even tho yesterday it had receded and the downstream Losjan was covered w/ turtles (Rhinochelys). A carload of us went to Orlando Vargas' wedding to Maria Ester in la Iglesia de Puerto Viejo - the formalities of Catholicism sprinkled w/ local easy going. At various times during the x 30-45 minute ceremony, the priest left to turn up the microphone, a woman from the congregation went in the office behind the alter and turned on a light, children wandered here and there, an iguenda screamed from the tree next to an open side door, and so on. Then everyone filed across the street for food and drinks, the new bride and groom led off a waltz, and everyone seemed geared for an all day celebration. We came back to la Selva for a late lunch. At x 1630h as I walked up to the new lab I saw and heard a loud heavy rain storm come from the bridge a couple of hundred meters away - heard the roar of heavy rain approaching before any drops hit me! At ~1700h Jisa (a German exchange student) brought in a bromeliad she took 2.6m above ground on a tree in the Arboretum, and showed me a Leptodeira septentrionalis tucked in the base of one of the lowermost leaf axils (13.5g, 422x123mm) - snake was wet (all axils contained water) and

Greene, H. 1990 December 15 possibly in pre-eclipsis condition. Response to handling (continued) was to squirm (not especially vigorously) and void visible dark cream, very foul smelling thick fluid from the post cloacal scent glands. Continued periodic rain after dinner. Searched Centarara Swamps from 1830-1900h, no snakes, scattered frogs calling. 2/1950-2100h walked to Arboretum Bridge, released leptodeira, then through Centarara Swamp. Scattered Hyla calling; heard Smilisca baudini going to and from dinner, near the volleyball court on the N. side of the Rio Puerto Viejo. At 2052h caught 140.0g in lab balante a young Boa constrictor (730+85mm - couldn't weigh it because the Dallas Zoo people took my Pesola scales left down here) - it was crawling rectilinearly over a small sapling (where its tail remained) straight along a horizontal fallen limb 2/10cm in diameter, tongue flicking. Froze in my light. No response to gentle handling other than crawling, but it tried to bite when restrained for measurement. There has been no obvious moon since I've been here, so the forest has been dark at night. Returned at 2/45h and spotted a f Agalychnis callidryas perpendicular on a horizontal branch of the same sapling that last night had darted to, 2/5-6m above the trail. At 2200h she was a few cm out the same branch, parallel and facing out, in anoplus. December 16 Rain off and on all night, Rio Puerto Viejo brown & swollen. Bette Jorielle and John Blake told me they saw an anoplus pair of Agalychnis (sp.? ) on the boardwalk railing last night in between my first and second

Green, H. 1990 December 16 (continued) trip, therefore not the pair I saw. From 1000-1130h I walked the CES-CEN-SOC loop, and smelled Tayassu on several occasions. At 1022h, checking the spot where I once stepped on a Lachesis at ~600m off on the CES, I spotted an adult Lanpropeltis triangulum crouching in undulatory curls w/ head tipped to ground, slowly (436.8g, ? 1075+162mm). The snake was instantly obvious at a distance of >4m, and was completely exposed in dappled sunlight -- it was not cryptic! As I dashed up it took flight in rapid undulation, and when seized it thrashed laterally w/ tail coiled, exposing bright belly rings as well. Bit repeatedly and a strong (but not particularly foul) odor was easily sensed. No palpable food or eggs. Paired off and on into the evening, and there are pools everywhere along the trails. Between [illegible] 1945-2015h I was taken to where three people had seen small snakes: 1) by the River Station by Lisa that we couldn't find; a tiny Sibon nebulata beside the AC Job; and a juvenile Bothrops asper coiled in the center of the sidewalk a few meters from forest edge in the clearing. The latter was in what I think is typical Jereiopels huntig posture w/ a coil 2 loops deep and head extended out over a lower loop -- got photos (8.6g, 372+43mm, ?). Scattered Hyla callig in Cantarana Swamp, periodic rain, no snakes. [See below re B. asper]

Heene, H. 1990 December 17 The little ? Bothrops asper last night responded to movement near the plastic box by tail vibration, rapid crawling, and bouts of 1-3 rapid snapping bites to the side or downward against the plastic - seemingly not directed. When I measured the Lampropeltis stimulosum she voided a substantial quantity of mostly clear liquid from the clowca, splatting it over a m2 or so and making a squirty sound - more coral snake mimicing? ~1/500 hr when there was some sun (but from opposite direction as when she was found) I photographed the snake at the capture site and thought her not so dramatically obvious on the forest floor. When seized she slung more fluid from the cloaca, no drop of which hit me in the eye w/out effect, and bit my hand. A clear starry night - the first impressively so since I arrived. At 1943 hr an adult ? Cnemophare fissadors (23.7g, 330+1/46mm) was crawling slowly across the sidewalk ~30m W of the Cantarana boardwalk - it squirmed and attempted to bite when seized. At 1952 hr I spotted a small adult Anartodes inornatus ~ 5m above the E. end of the Cantarana boardwalk on a palm leaf w/ multiple "leafules". Snake was extended ~ 1 body lngths out from sturk into petiole, w/body in several deep curves and head swept out ~ 1/2 of each leafule. It did not check the entire leaf surface, but rather seemd to scan the basal part as it crawled ~ perpendicularly across them. By 2000 hr it had doubled track to the

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Here, lt. 1990 December 17 (continued) Jumped, ascended ≈40cm to next highest branch and started out it - thus ≈1.6m in 8 minutes. When traveling up the snake extended its anterior free of the substratum. When I returned about 2020hr I couldn't find the snake, and some tourist whom I had directed to it told me it had climbed even higher. There are numerous Hyla elachia and some H. microphala collig, and we saw a pair of the former in amplexus. At 2100hr I spotted an equal sized small adult D. irroratus 1.2m above ground, descending a few cm from a palm leaf to the adjacent trunk of the same tree where I saw this (?) snake higher up on December 14. Snake seemed to freeze in our light so I took photos and left it. Went to the Arboretum 2200-1300hr, 0100-0200hr, and 0400-0500hr to help Elizabeth Star (

Greene, B. 1990 December 18 (continued) fall. The tail wozzed on the floor in a regular cycle of sinuous curves from posterior to anterior, on which were superimposed (or resulted in?) lateral bending - speed was >= 1 lateral cycle/sec and seemed slower than I remember in thotoca. at 2 min 48 sec movement stopped, and after 5 min and 16 sec I could not elicit further motion by pinching the tail. During tail flippej the piece switched from verte up to closure up once, and there was essentially no net change in position after it hit the floor. From 1930-2030 h I checked the Cantarano Swamp and SOR to 350m, then out CES to 650m and back to Station by 21/5h - no snakes. at 2159hd found a small adult Imantodes imnotatus on the same palm, ~1.2m high, reaching out to the same sapliq as last night - virtually even the same posture. at 2205h it was still in the same position. December 19 From 0915-1100h I walked SOR, SHO, SUA, CC, and CCC in a gray drizzle - no snakes. At lunch Ronald Suarez gave me a juvenile ? Bothrops asper (15.1g, 320+59mm) woman found while cutting grass around the conedor - no palpable food. Went to Arboretum w/ Jisa at ~1430h; no snakes. At ~2230 h Jisa showed me a large clerid spider (cephalothorax~23mm) on a troneliq ~1.1m above ground on a palm stump in the lab clearing, eating a small Eleutherodactyls sp. (SVK~18mm). No snakes in Cantarano Swamp ~2330h.

Aceae, H. 1990 December 20 Only brief scattered showers since early yesterday PM, and this morning the river and streams are down to normal level. Sunny, partly cloudy at 1000 hr. From =1430-1700hr walked to Arboretum, to El Salto and on out SOE. In the Arboretum seeing logs found 2 Peripatus, 1 amphygygid w/gonzo on her back, and an adult (thin looking) Bufo haematiticus. Saw a juvenile B. haematiticus in leaf litter just out of the lab cleaning at =1745hr. Stars out after dinner, no rain yet today. Checked out the Cantarana Swamp =2230hr - almost no frogs calling, no snakes, no substantial rain in >=36 hrs. December 21 Leaving for San Jose Today - bright and sunny for such a cool night! Arrived at Hotel Galilea at 8/530hr, had dinner w/Carmen Rojas in Hotel Amstel. Forgot to note that when I visited the Serpentario on the 7th a typically small Bothrops asper was evidently courting their large, freshly shed f - crawling along her back from head to tail: jerking his chin down periodically . The was stretched out and the size difference was great enough he looked as if crawling on a limb. They were not in copula however. December 22 at 1/30 hr, as I lay on my bed in the Hotel Galilea, a powerful earthquake hit - short, but so strong all the plate glass fell out of the pasteleria next door and it made a big crack in the wall of the Hotel lobby. I made it down the two flights of stairs in a few seconds, dressed in only shoes and jeans. By 1345hr

(continued) Greene, H. 1990 December 22 Things in the city center seem pretty calm, though there have been numerous aftershocks. Picked up a beautiful Azistodon bilineatus from Alejandro Sobrino at the Serpentario, captured a few days before I arrived by the park guards at Santa Rosa National Park, Guanacaste Province.

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