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{ "text": "Ship\nDirection\n\nSMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION\nDIVISION OF BIRDS\nAT SEA DAILY LOG - E\n\nSPECIMEN\nor\n\nTIME\nSPECIES\n#\nDIR.\nBAND NO.\nREMARKS\n\n0815\n0825\n0843\n0844\n0845\n0920\n0930\n1530\n1537\n1543\n1550\n1600\n1745\n1750\n1753\n1757\n1805\n1813\n1815\n\nBFB\n\"\nFRIG SP.\n\nBFB\nTERN SP\nBFB\n\nBFB\n\nBLACK TERN\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]
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PAC. DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME (+7) Date 6/3/67 Ship SHEARWATER (_____) Cruise No. 177-67-08 Organization Recorder Sunrise: Time 0538 Position: Lat. 23°19'=:N, Long. 110°58'预 Sunset: Time 1903 Position: Lat. 21°52'=:N, Long. 109°00'W Miles travelled from 0000 hours to sunrise = 61 Miles travelled from sunrise to sunset = 147 M Miles travelled from sunset to 2400 hours = 49 miles TIME OF FIX TYPE OF FIX LATITUDE LONGITUDE 1. 0230 LOCAL PILOTING 23-41'相 111-21 W 2. 1200 LOCAL PILOTING 22-35'W 110-68 W 3. 4. 5. Hourly Positions: SHIPS CS SHIPS SP Time Latitude Longitude Wind Dir. Wind Sp. Wave Dir. Wave Hgt. 0100 23-51' puzzle N 111-46 W 315 8 129 10 0200 23-45'N 111-27 W 315 8 129 10 0300 23-37'N 111-17 W 315 10 129 11 0400 23-31'N 111-08 W 315 10 129 11 0500 23°03'W 110-00 W 330 13 129 11 0600 23°17'N 110°55'W 330 12 129 11 0700 23°09' l 110°42' 相 330 10 129 10 0800 23°03'N 110°34'W 315 10 135 10 0900 22-84' top 110°25'W 315 13 135 10 1000 22-50'N 110°19 W 315 13 128 10 1100 22-41' state 110°09'W 315 13 128 10 1200 22-35'pg 110-00 W 315 13 128 10 1300 22-29 109-52 W 310 15 128 10 1400 22-24 109-46W 310 16 120 10 1500 22-17' W 109-38W 310 16 126 10 1600 22-11'N 109-31 W 310 15 127 10 1700 22°05'N 109-22 W 310 8 127 10 1800 21°58' then 109-13 W 310 8 137 10 1900 21-43 N 109°05'W 315 7 127 10 2000 21-40' my 108°56 W 315 7 127 10 2100 21-40N 108-46W 315 6 127 10 2200 21-33' 108-39 W 315 5 127 10 2300 21-27N 108-31W 315 5 127 10 2400 21-22'1 108-2 W 315 5 127 10 958b-ST-MNH Rev. 9/28/66
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Preliminary Report EAC #13 San Francisco to Panama Canal 29 May to 12 June 1967 Survey Itinerary: 29 May 1300 Depart Treasure Island, San Francisco 30 May 0647 Enter Eastern Grid at Point "Ash" 31 May 0708 Depart Eastern Grid at Point "Oak" 12 June 1300 Arrive Panama Canal 13 June 1800 Depart Panama Canal 20 June 1200 Arrive Charleston, South Carolina Survey Personnel: Richard D. Chandler Support Vessel : USNS Shearwater TAG-177 Three separate preliminary reports have been prepared for EAC #13. Eastern Grid Survey #8 covering observations between Points A and O of the Eastern Grid; EAC #13 Caribbean and Atlantic portions briefly cover- ing observations from the Canal to Charleston, South Carolina; and this report, covering Pacific Ocean observations. Observations in the Eastern Grid area are also included in this report for the convenience of continuity. Methods: Aside from the fact that observation time was restricted due to the presence of only one observer, survey methods were similar to previousjerges. Diurnal observations ranging from one-half to two hours in dura- tion were scattered throughout the day as time permitted. Approximately 20 percent of the total diurnal mileage was spent logging observations. In addition to regular observations, cursory glances contributed to a oom picture of the avifauna and reports from various crewmembers, especially Captain Gibson, were helpful in filling in gaps. I feel that in a cruise of this "p水" nature where only the most general information is to be gained -- no more than a random one-third of the daylight hours need be spent logging observations. This is justifiably sufficient to allow the collected data to be significant. Above 50 percent logbook time, the returns are diminishing and for a one- or two-man scientific crew engaged in other associated work, inefficiency results. The survey area is a rough ESE course paralleling the eastern coast- line of the North Central Pacific Basin. The 3300-mile track covers 30 ew degrees of latitude and 40 degrees of longitude (37°N, 122°W to 7°N, 82°W). See Figure 1. Over the 372 miles of regular diurnal observations -- 8517 birds of at least 30 species were recorded. Thirteen birds of 8 species were collected.
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The nature of this relatively straight point-to-point survey, covering wide latitudinal and longitudinal ranges, makes the data conducive to interpretation as a chainlike series of events. In the same way that a length of string can be cut up more ways across its axis than parallel to it, much of the data in this cruise is best presented in serial relationships showing variations along a line. A series of Tables has been constructed to demonstrate how this approach can express changes and other biological patterns of the birds under study. In general, the tables presented in this appendix differ somewhat from most tables in surveys which cover a more restricted area or track. A discussion of each table should clarify the meaning and significance. TABLE 1. Summary of Daily Observations In order to simplify other tables, each of the 13 days on which regular observations were made, was assigned a number (1-13). Note that no regular observations were held on 6 June; this was due to illness of the observer. The mean linear density is high due to the influence of day #7. Only two daily linear densities exceed the mean. The median daily linear density of 5.4 birds/linear mile is perhaps a better measure of the central tendency. The "approximate distance to land" column is relevant to the "major species" column: above 75 miles major species are Storm Petrels, Albatross, Phalaropes, and Gadfly Petrels, with Terns, Boobies and Shearwaters found closer to land. TABLE 2. Relative Abundance of Birds by Species All species were not seen each day, therefore the overall linear density for any species is lower than the actual density for the area in which the species was present. The average linear density for days of occurrence is obtained by dividing the total birds seen by the total miles for those days that the species was recorded. The quotient obtained by dividing the occurrence density by the overall density would give a measure of clumping or concentration tendency. Thus, a restricted form such as Cooks Petrel measures about 5 units on an artificial scale whereas "White-rumped" Storm Petrel measures approximately 1 unit. TABLE 3 presents a similar picture on a higher taxonomic level. TABLE 4. Species Contributing 1% or More to Total Birds This table gives a quick overall view of relative concentrations. Comparison with the occurrence rank again shows a relationship with clumping tendency. TABLE 5. Regularity of Occurrence This table is an expression of occurrence and measures both breadth of distribution or extent of range and regularity along the track.
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TABLE 6. Location of Species The median day of occurrence is not necessarily the peak density loca- tion; however, for the most part it agrees closely with day of max. lin. density. This table shows a reasonable transition from temperate to sub- tropical to tropical elements of the avifauna. TABLE 7. Range of Species An attempt is made to arrange the species according to restrictedness or broadness of range. The number of days of spread was determined by the number of days from first to last sighting. It is not a reliable indicator of broadness of range because it cannot account for ranges extending past either extreme. It is however useful in estimating some cases of "rareness," and does provide a measure of discontinuity. If the days spread figure is larger than the days seen figure, the difference is the relative amount of discontinuity. Sabines Gull, Dark-rumped Storm Petrel, Jaegers, and Red- billed Tropicbirds have discontinuity differences of 5 days or more in this instance. This should be interpreted as meaning these birds probably occur over at least all the indicated spread but are variable or so low in num- bers that they are often not seen. Starting with the assumption that one or more ecological zones were crossed, I attempted to determine where it or they were located as re- lected by changes in the bird populations. If hypothetical ecological zones did exist they could be most easily delimited by locating their boundaries -- where they come together. At these boundaries I further hypothesized the following: 1) new (southern) species would appear; 2) linear density would increase; 3) daily species total would increase; and 4) northern species would disappear. TABLE 8. Chronological Occurrence of Species This table lists the day each species was seen. Appearances and disap- pearances were arbitrarily weighted according to importance as measured by the overall linear density. TABLE 9. List of Species by Relative Importance Primary species were weighted at 5 units, secondary at 3 units, and tertiary at 1 unit. TABLE 11. Ecological Boundaries of Species The weighted totals of appearances and disappearances for each day are shown in Table 11. The linear density for each day was assigned as positive, if higher than the median and as negative, if lower than the median. A com- parison of the four columns revealed the four hypothesized boundary condi- tions were met on three occasions as indicated by brackets in Table 11. In despite of the highly artificial nature of the approach, comparison of these three areas with current charts showed that ocean features at the same loca- tions were in transition states, and a positive correlation was obtained.
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Boundary area A -- roughly centered at day 4 (mouth of the Gulf of California) is the approximate convergence area of the southeast-flowing California Current and the west-flowing north Equatorial Current. Boundary area C, determined at days 10-11 at about 9°N, is at the region where the Equatorial countercurrent bifurcates to stream north and south. Boundary area B is evidently an area of upwelling caused by the north- ward flowing tongue of the Equatorial countercurrent meeting the continental shelf. It is evidently rich in food as large schools of tuna and "dolphin" were associated with the bird flocks 10-20 miles off the coast. Some current charts would lump these hypothesized A and B divisions as being the two sides of a broad current transition area. SPECIES ACCOUNTS Black-footed Albatross Total Observations - 17 One to six birds followed the ship for the first five days. Two birds were seen last about 1200 of 3 June (22°30'N, 110°00'W). Laysan Albatross Total Observations - 1 One "White Goony" was reported by the chief engineer on 31 May. I take the observations as valid. Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Total Observations - 49 ? "Numbers" of Sooty Shearwaters were observed shortly out of San Francisco and around Monterey Bay. None were recorded during 30 and 31 May, perhaps due to the greater distance from the coast. Birds were fairly regu- lar again off Baja, California, and down to about 15°N along the Mexican cost. Sooties were regularly mixed in with the large Manx Shearwater flocks and many were seen from the skiff on 5 June. With little hesitation I feel 95+ percent of the Sooty/Slender-bill types were indeed Sooty. A single bird, glimpsed in a flock on 5 June, was probably a slender-bill; but this was the only one observed during careful scrutiny of the Sooties. Wedge-tailed Shearwater Total Observations - 619 The first Wedge-tail appeared in boundary zone A at the mouth of the Gulf of California (ca. 23°N). The bulk of the observations were made in the Manx Shearwater flocks off the Manzanilla-Acapulco area on 5 June. In this area light-phase birds outnumbered dark-phase (5 to 1). Birds were seen as far south as Panama where a light-phase bird was recorded. Pale-footed Shearwater Total Observations - 81 A flock of ca. 80 birds was following 20 + whales off the coast of El Salvador on 9 June. Another single bird, thought to be this species, was seen off Panama on the 11th.
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Manx Shearwater "Manx Type Shearwater (Total Observations - 5,193 The large flocks of Manx Shearwaters observed on 5 June within 15 miles of the Manzanilla/Acapulco coast account for nearly 60 percent of the total birds (all species) seen. Feeding flocks of 500-plus birds were encountered at 2-3 mile intervals during an afternoon of skiff work there. Birds were clumped densely on the water surface and appeared to be feeding actively. Most birds were in obvious molt with gaps showing in the flight feathers. Birds of the Manx/Audubon's type were regularly seen from the Gulf of California to the Gulf of Panama. While I believe that most of the Manx types seen were indeed Manx, several times I suspected that Audubons were present. No Audubons were positively identified, however. Christmas (Island) Shearwater Puffinus Nativitatis Total Observations - 20 I can find no previous record of this species for the eastern Pacific cost. Each of the large feeding flocks of Manx Shearwaters investigated off the coast on 5 June seemed to have 1-3 of these birds. One female with a granular ovary was collected. Without the use of the skiff I am confident this species would have been completely overlooked. Cooks Petrel Total Observations - 184 Cooks Petrel was the dominant species observed between Guadalupe Island and the tip of Baja, California. Several large flocks were found milling about on the water near what appeared to be the edge of rising water cells. Storm Petrels were also plentiful in these flocks. One female with granular ovary was taken the first of June. Most birds were in heavy wing molt with confusing white patches and streaks visible from above. Leachs Storm Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa North of about 12°N most of the "White-rumped" Storm Petrels are prob- ably this species. For three days in the vicinity of Guadalupe Island the dark-rumped population, O. l. socorroensis, was present at about one-fifth the density of the white-rumped form. One female socorroensis with enlarged gonads was collected approximately 40 miles south of Guadalupe Island on 1 June. After a 1,500-mile gap "Dark-rumped" Storm Petrels were again seen off Panama. It is possible that these were Least Storm Petrels. Galapagos Storm Petrel Oceanodroma tethys When three days out of Panama "White-rumped" Storm Petrel sightings increased again after a dropping off from the Leachs peak off Lower Baja. On 9 June "White-rumped" Storm Petrels were noted following the ship's wake and by 11 June up to 25 at a time were following astern. Most, if not all, of the "White-rumped" sightings below about 12°N are likely this species. I have seen no mention of ship-following tendencies in other sources.
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6 Black Storm Petrel (Oceanodroma melania) Pronounced ship followers, these birds usually showed a gradual buildup astern during the day. After a peak in the area just south of the mouth of the Gulf of California, a broad gap of some 1200 miles passed with only a single sighting. From Coast Rica to Panama, however, the birds were again present in good numbers. While I see no mention in the literature, this discontinuity suggests to me that when the breeding population returns to the breeding grounds in northern Baja, a nonbreeding segment of the population (immatures ?, first-year birds?) remains in the southern end of the species range. Least Storm Petrel Halocyptena microsoma One bird was tentatively recorded as this species on 2 June. Two "Dark- rumped" Storm Petrels seen off Panama may have been this species as well. Red-billed Tropicbird Total Observations - 6 The six birds, scattered from the second to the twelfth day, indicate the broad range and low relative numbers of this bird. Three birds were seen in conjunction with the large Manx flocks on 5 June. Birds were heard calling at sea. Brown Booby Total Observations - 118 The Brown was the first Booby to appear and high numbers were logged when close to the coast on 4 and 5 June. Many immatures, 50-75 percent, were seen in the Manx flocks, and others were found riding turtles. After a 700-mile absence, browns were again common off Coast Rica and Panama where proportionally more adults were observed. Red-footed Booby Red-feet were first logged on 7 June, but were probably present on the sixth as well, off Acapulco. No birds were seen after the ninth when a "great many" appeared. Most sightings were of non-adult birds. I did not see any white adults to my knowledge. Blue-faced Booby Total Observations - 11 Blue-faced Booby showed the same type of occurrence as the Red-foot; appearing and disappearing in the same three-day span. Most sightings were of adults. Frigatebird Species Total Observations - 28 Only one bird was observed well enough to positively identify as a Magnificent, however, all were presumed to be that species. The first bird was sighted off northern Costa Rica. Twenty of the 28 birds were seen in the Gulf of Panama.
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Red Phalarope Red Phalaropes were seen on May 30 and 31 from the Eastern Grid area to Guadalupe. Nocturnal watch north of Guadalupe disclosed many Phalaropes, most of which, I feel, were Reds. (See also comments in Eastern Grid #8 Report.) Northern Phalarope "Flocks" of Northerns were seen in the Monterey Bay area on 29 May. A single bird, probably this species, was seen at the mouth of the Gulf of California on 4 June. Jaeger Sp. Total Observations - 21 Birds were recorded from Day one to Day ll but the peak area was the offshore region where the Manx flocks congregated. Most large feeding flocks in this peak density area contained 1-3 Jaegers, which repeatedly "charged" the skiff as the flock was neared. One adult Pomarine in the Grid was positively identified. A long-tailed immature was collected from the peak area; I suspect the bulk of the Jaeger sp. were this species. Skua Total Observations - 3 Three birds, also associated with the Manx flocks, were seen on 5 July. Common (Brown) Noddy Tern (Anous stolidus) Total Observations - 49 Two birds were recorded on the outside coast of Panama; the rest were seen in the Gulf of Panama where it is common. Black Tern Total Observations - 265 Black Terns were logged every other day beginning 5 June, and last seen in the Gulf of Panama. Of the 160 birds estimated in the Manzanillo region 80-90 percent were in nonbreeding plumage. Unlike most birds in this large feeding area, Black Terns were not usually in the company of the Shearwater flocks, but rather formed smaller flocks, sometimes with Sooty Terns. The bird is common in the Gulf of Panama, there often associating with Common Noddy. Sooty Tern Total Observations - 900 Sooties appeared at about 20°N and peak counts were obtained in con- junction with the Manx flocks on 5 June. Doubtless they were present on 6 June and possibly were among a distant flock seen on 7 June. South of this 1,000-mile stretch no further birds were seen. A bird collected on 5 June had very small testes and heavy molt in all tracts. Arctic (?) Tern Total Observations - 1 A possible Arctic sighting is covered in the Grid report (30 June).
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8 Common (?) Tern Total Observations - 5 One bird on 8 June and four birds in the Gulf of Panama were of the Arctic/Common/Forster type but since Common is the bird most likely to be in these waters the observations are almost surely of this species. The Panama birds were in nonbreeding plumage. Sabines Gull Total Observations - 10 A pair and a group of six birds were in the coastal feeding areas on 5 June. A pair was observed inside the Gulf of Panama; no dark heads were noted on these birds. Ring-billed Gull (Larus delewarensis) Total Observations - 1 A single bird with remanents of dark on the head but otherwise adult plumaged was attracted to the ship off western Panama. Xantus (?) Murrelet During a nocturnal watch, north of Guadalupe Island, several (10 ½) Alcids were seen in an hour's time. It is presumed to have been this species. Marine Mammals Porpoises and whales were frequently seen from the Gulf of California south to Coast Rica. The Gulf of Tehuantepec was particularly rich. Nightly from 5-10 June porpose were seen riding the bow wave. One seal/sea lion sp. was seen 60 miles northwest of Guadalupe Island. Further information and complete sightings can be found in the original log sheets. Turtles Sea Turtles (Green?) were common on 4 June off Cabo Corriente. Many (5/hr.) were sunning in the calm ocean. About one-half of the sightings were noted with birds perched on the exposed carapace. Black Terns and Brown Boobies were seen riding. Turtle sightings diminished slightly on 5 June and after that only one turtle was seen (11 June). A clapping pair was seen and approached in the skiff on 5 June. Evidently a pair in coitus cannot dive. While attempting to noose them, manipulation with a boat hook finally broke the males hold and both dove.
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PRELIMINARY REPORT EASTERN GRID SURVEY 8 30-31 May 1967 Survey Period : 0657, 30 May to 0708, 31 May 1967 Survey Personnel: Richard D. Chandler Support Vessel : USNS SHEARWATER T-AG-177 This report summarizes observations made on a single north to south transect through the extreme eastern side of the Eastern Grid Area. The survey was included as a portion of Eastern Area Cruise #13 en route from San Francisco to the Panama Canal. The vessel entered the Grid at point "Ash" and proceeded SSE to point Oak. The track passed 11-24 miles to the west of the remaining eastern points. (See Figure 1.) Diurnal coverage included the north, central, and south sections. (See Table 1.) Seventy birds of six species were observed over the 96-mile Grid track. Storm Petrels accounted for 63 percent of the total birds, Phalaropes 22 percent, and Black-footed Albatrosses - 12 percent. The remaining 3 percent consisted of 1 Red-billed Tropicbird, 1 Pomarine Jaeger, and 1 Tern. Unusually high winds and seas made for poor observing conditions. The watch was held from the bridge. No BT drops were made in the Grid due to the rough following seas. No nocturnal watch was held. No birds were collected. Except for the reduced watch coverage necessitated by a single observer, other survey methods were as per previous cruises. SPECIES ACCOUNT Black-footed Albatross Diomedea nigripes - 8 At least two of the birds were noted as having white rumps. Statistically, dealing with this species is somewhat frustrating and no fool-proof method of handling Albatross data is at hand. Early morning observations suggest that birds gradually build up to a peak after only a few hours, after which the count of birds following the ship levels off for the rest of the day. It seems most feasible that a dynamic turnover of birds is taking place constantly and that a saturation level is reached which is dependent on the actual density of the area. Peak day counts on the whole, are the most satisfactory way to report Albatross occurrence although the number is lower than the number of individuals actually seen. White-rumped Storm Petrel 42 Storm Petrel sp. 2 44 With fair certainty all Storm Petrel sightings can be taken as Leachs
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Storm Petrels. The extreme north end of the northern section (25 miles of observations) and the southern section surveyed were low-density areas. The density increased in the southern part of the north section and remained high through the central section. On both sides of the 33°45'N parallel which separates the north and central section, fairly high numbers of Storm Petrels were found associated with Velella (Windsailers) concentrations. Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus - 1 This is the second and northernmost record for this species in the Grid area. The bird was observed investigating flotsam in the Velella concentration at the boundary between the north and central section. It had a moderately long tail. Red Phalarope Phalarope sp. Phalaropus fulicarius - 11 4 15 While three-fourths of the phalaropes were recorded from the south section and none from the north section this should not necessarily be taken as a function of latitude. Rather, I feel, the apparent relative densities are due more to the distance from land. The southern section was surveyed at around 200 miles from land whereas the north and central sections were 100 (or less) miles from land. I suspect all phalaropes seen were reds. Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus - 1 An adult bird was recorded flying north in the central section. Sterna sp. 1 The single bird seen heading north was in the same Velella concentration as previously noted. The bird appeared gray below, and was tentatively identified as an Arctic. (No mammals were recorded from the Grid.) TABLE 1. Summary of Cruise Data in Sections, Eastern Grid Survey #8, 30-31 May 1967 # Hrs. of Obs. # Miles of Obs. # Birds # Species North 4.95 50 35 3 Central 3.45 35 24 5 South 1.10 11 15 3 Total 9.50 96 70 6