Alaska field notes, v4438

Myers, John P.

Unknown

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

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Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

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Myers, J. P. 1978 - 1980 Alaska 1978: Journal Species accounts Daily Lists 1979: Journal Daily Lists 1980: Jounral Species Accounts Daily Lists

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Myers, J. P. 1978 - 1980 Alaska 1978: Journal Species accounts Daily Lists

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JPMyeus 1978 Journal Barrow, North Slope, Alaska 21 May At Barrow, again. Arrived 1710 via Wien Flight 3, greeted at the airport by 30°F, a brisk easterly wind, and one singing Plectrophenax. Dave Shuford and Stuart Johnston arrived with me. Melt-off has begun, with bare ground and puddles prominent in the villages, and the road is a nasty pile of slush. But few birds are here. Only after a 20 min search through the dump did we find a single 8 Calcarius. 3 Arenaria interpres, 500 to 1000 Larus hyperboreus (almost all adults), and 10-15 Plectrophenax. The Plectrophenax apparently have moved in throughout the Barrow area. According to Tony Hall (resident at the lab) they arrived between 21 April and 15 May while he was away. The gulls did also. 22 May Little time for birding today as we are trying to get our expedition off to Meade River, 60m south. After much Redder-Bureaucratic hassle I arranged for a flight tonight. ~2100 took off in the single otter for Atkasook on the Meade River. At Kasook, Meade River, Alaska Very little difference if any between snow conditions at Barrow + the tundra between Barrow + Meade. The only extensive snow-free areas are sand dunes lining the Meade River itself. Otherwise all that emerges above the snow are the tops of Euphorbum vaginatum tussocks. Saw ~20 caribou and 1 arctic fox en route to Meade. A few Larus hyperboreus. Otherwise nothing. We landed on the river shel! beneath camp. Temperature ~25° For 20°F. Brisk easterly wind. It took us 2½ hours to haul all our gear up from the river to camp, and then to got inside the buildings. The entrances to most of them are drifted with snow, piled high against the doors. 9 Calcarius were foraging on some exposed pundra by the bluff. 2 Lagopus in brilliant plumage moved apart around camp. One displayed in flight. -6°C at 1400 hrs. 23 May Up at 0630 to a blustery cold day. Wind >20 mph. Temp [illegible] I had the heater + stove going in short order. At 1100 I walked NE to the end of the runway and back again. 45 min. The ground is 790%

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SP Myers 1938 Journal Atkasook at Meade River, N. Slope, Alaska 23 May cont'd snow-covered, with a few site near the river on the bluff bare, and the airstrip largely cleared. Most of the 15 or so Calcarius seen were around three bare sites. At 1430 Stuart, Dave + E walked along the river first to Butterfly Creek (~1.5 upstream along the River), then up on the tundra for a few hundred meters south then back ~ENE to some bluffs on the NE side of the river. From there we returned directly (~2 km) to Camp. The only area with extensive bare sites was at the bluffs, which were heavily dominated by sand dune plant associations, and a 200 m strip W from the bluffs paralleling the river for several hundred m. This latter area was low center polygon habitat with a considerable amount of Eryngium vaginatum. Aside from Larus hyperboreus, the only birds we found stuck to these cleared sites, or flew over them. Most unexpected were 20+ Anser albifrons. 3 flying shorebirds: 2 together were totally unidentified other than oise (small-medium sandpiper). The 3rd was probably a C. melanotos. ~15 Calcarius in air, 3 Acanthis sp. And both Lagopus sp. (L. lagopus, L. mutus). Today is obviously much colder than previous days, as in the area near (16,41) which we largely melted today, solid ice pools of melt water, now refrozen with the cold. 24 May Lazy morning after a reasonable night's sleep in the kitchen. (for warmth). -7°C, windy with gusts >20mph. Unpleasant + not very birdy. We could hear a few Larus hyperboreus adults cruising by the river bluff, but other than that none made an appearance around the camp. A few Spizelloides ran between buildings. But the cold, wind, and intermittent snow kept the birds down and us in. We did go out at 1430 for ~1 hr, walking about 2.5 km. During that we saw 5 Arenaria interpres plus the gaggle of other 'local' birds (see daily list.) 2000-2230 walked from camp out to (16,41), where much of the snow is off. Wind abating, temp -4°C. Total clouds 100% (but well off ground, thus is definitely a dirk of birds. I saw a flock of 5 Calcarius, <5 Larus h., about 210 L. mutus and <15 L. lagopus

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J P Myers 1978 Journal Atkasook on the Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 24 May (cont's) 15th caribou out on the loop by the (bleeding bird) plat. The patchy snow melt is very exaggerated right now. Only a few areas on river bluffs approach being snow free. There are typically sites near sand dune blow-outs. The vegetation is heavily dominated by Dryas and Carex, with a matrix of sand grains, much like the area in the loop through which T8 runs. What birds there appear to be concentrated on these sites, particularly the 2 Lagopus species and Calcarius (that doesn't leave much). 25 May Trans 1-4, 11-14 I sampled 8 transects today for snow cover while Dave and Stuart did the other 6. The weather has turned for the better: no wind at 0700, temp ~ -4°C. Stayed nearly windless all day even though we were out in the wilds from 0830-1530. Marvelous, but still a bit brisk. By 1530 temp was up to 1°C. No direct sun, but the low cloud level was thin enough so that you could see blue sky through the snow layer. Every so often it got thicker + a few snow flakes fell. The distribution of snow was very clean: almost 100% on transects 1-4, 14, 13. But all others ranged between extremes of 5-100. (% cover of 50x50m subunits). By and large 2 types of sites were clearer: those downwind of dunes - e.g. the end of T11 (18,32) - or along bluffs - e.g. the beginning of T12 (14,31). There are also the only places blessed with ptarmigan. (see spaccount) or with other birds, but there are few enough of these that the distribution is only really clear w/ ptarmigan (both spp). 26 May Stuart Johnson and I today ran T5, T11, T12, T13, and T14 for real, sampling birds. We began at 0915 w/ temp ~ -4°C, 100% clouds, no wind, + occasional snowflake. Recorded only 2 spp: Lagopus [illegible]... Calcarius [illegible]... & Phosphorynx [illegible]. Censused until 1245. Snow cover near 100% throughout except on ridges + near the end of T11. Not much sign yet that spring has arrived, other than a few singing Calcarius [illegible] and Lanius hyperboreus sitting on their nesting site (see sp.account). Large herd of caribou (50+) to SE of study area. One red fox running along the bluffs by the river. Spermophilus actively calling at us.

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JPMyers 1978 JOURNAL Atkasook on the Meade River, N. Slope, Alaska 26 May (cont'd) One interesting result is that Hydrophoenax are found this year well away from the buildings by camp. We recorded one pair on T5, and Dave Shuford found another out by T6. 27 May I sampled transect 1-4 between 0900 and 1100. Temp at 0700 = -6°C. Bisk AE wind ~15 mph. Brilliant sun obscured at ~0915 by intermittent W-slope fog (the type that is very dark blue when looking horizontally but when you look up you see blue sky; classic Barrow). The fog hung in for the rest of the morning, lifting only gradually until it formed a low overland bank. With the wind, which came up yesterday evening, and the period of fog coupled with cold temps, the ground vegetation is coated with a stark hoarfrost, crystals over 1cm long. Along the entire 4 km of transects I recorded 0 birds. At one point (between transects) 2 Larus h. flew over me. And while backing from T4 I parked by some Sku Lars h., probably working on their nest site for the lake to swell. But otherwise nothing. Not a Calcarius, nor Lagopus. Fortunately it can't go on. About 1230 the single otter flew in with additional supplies for camp. I have not said much in here about our logistic difficulties this year resulting from NARL's (Naval Arctic Research Laboratory) own internal testers. Suffice it to say that we are finally well provisioned, and lack only a fuse for the short wave radio. I spent the afternoon storing our gear, including 4 much welcomed bottles of propane. Temperature rose to -3°C at ~1230. 28 May A bruise ENE wind prevailed all day, blowing in excess of 20 mph. Temperature at 7 was -6°C. At 1600 T = -4°C. Cloudless almost all day. We stayed in the vicinity of camp throughout the day, killed by the unpleasant wind. Even still, the daily list shot up: 3 new shorebirds (Pluvialis squatarola, Calidris melanotos, and C. alpina), all flying over camp, as well as 7 Sircornis pomonarius and one flock of >40 Branta bernicla nigricans. So despite the continued cold weather and incessant wind, los pajaros are trying to do their flying: get to the many Meade and breed. I could be some myself. I forgot to mention yesterday evening that Leukome appeared at the end of the runway hunting ptarmigan. They got 2 L. lagopus. They are also hunting Arenaria (frons) and Branta bernicla. I suspect they would concentrate more on the latter 2 were conditions more favorable for geese, but somehow the frozen tundra seems more

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JPMayer 1978 Journal Atkasook on the Meade River, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 28 May ptanmigan-ish. Today two ski-mobiles full of goose hunters appeared at Bunnello from Barrow. They got one en route, and popped at a small flock inland here in camp. 29 May The wind stopped, and.... lo & behold... we have been inundated by arriving migrants. I got up at 0530 along with Stewart Johnston. Temp = -40C. No wind. No clouds. A beautiful spring morning. I immediately walked out to the airstrip. Calcaris lepophoros were streaming (literally) by, and before I was 50 m from camp a Molailla flann flew over zipping. That was just the beginning- see daily list. By 1530 I had racked up 26 species (compare to 2 yesterday) and even though I walked several km, all species were observed within 500 m of camp, most flying by. Display is not yet in full swing. Several species gave full blown flight displays, but these were scattered individuals. Most birds seem preoccupied with moving and feeding. The displaying species are: Pluvialis squatarola and dominica, Calidris alpina, C. mauri, C. pusilla, Limnodromus scolopaceus, Pterocles sandwicensis, and Calcaris lepophorus, and Phaetophneus niveus. I find it exhilarating to be here today with all the activity. You could not stand in one place for 5 min during the first few hours of the morning without (leaning your head snapped) to the side by a passing frenzy of birds. Small flocks of geese cross across the tundra, low over the ground, rising + falling with the tundra's inflection. And I mean cross-cross, hell for shelter wise. Some head east, some go south, others north or west. Think how much energy they could save if they were to get together and plan, so that there is no need to fly, for example, stay there, instead of this internetwork game of migrating chairs. And the geese are just the beginning. Longspurs dart together into the tundra in flocks of 5-15, 8+9 (but still worthy). Pectoral sandpipers move in all directions, churring. And to round out the ordination, white-fringed geese and black brant are almost constantly visible. So what did I do today? After the early trip to the airstrip, I got out my sound recording equipment to have a hand at taping. But the vocal displays were too infrequent, + the wind distractions incessant, so I gave up. At 1030 (after an hour of fighting with a dead generator, + winning in the end) I put on X-country skis and took off toward the south. I went as far as just beyond TBS ( ), reconning three around 1300. It was slow going, partly because of the constant need and

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J.P. Myers 1978 Journal Atkasook on the Wleade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 29 May (cont'd) desire to look at flying birds, requiring that I stop, take off my sunglasses, ... etc. But also because I am not very coordinated on skis. Afterall, it's my second time ever, and here I am, in the boondocks trying to play Dog the Skiing Game. It doesn't work, especially without any way for the skis. At 1900 I gave up after my 9th fall + returned on foot. The snow deteriorated during the morning anyway, melting fast and furiously. At 1500 the temp was +3°C (+1). But a 10°/mph NW wind picked up also, and thick clouds cause air to lay over a solid overcast. Anything but another strong Easterly gale .... Back to migration: perhaps the most satisfying aspect of this event is that we see individuals arrive. Not only were there more seen on the ground yesterday, but this morning when I went out there were just one C. pusilla by the airstrip. 60 min later there were Fluvialis dominica, squatarola, C. mauri and Limnodromus scolopaceus. An hour after that these species were all displaying, however briefly, by the airstrip. 1600 hrs - I returned to the airstrip to see what new arrivals might be found, and amazingly, not only are there no new birds, but I was hard put to find any! The whole nature of the day has changed. A NW wind is blowing strong and the sky is 100% overcast. Few birds are flying. None are displaying. What a rude change. Temperatures at 1600 = 3°C with melt crust on the tundra. 30 May Definitely a warming trend going on. Temperature at 0500 was -2°C. By 1200 it rose to 5°C. Thin fog at 0500, burning off by 0800. Slight wind from E at dawn, increasing gradually to 10 mph by 1200. The morning was gorgeously dripping with melting snow. Today's movement of birds was not equal to yesterday, but it had the same shelter-stelter quality to it. Calcarius in flocks, but even more dispersed + singing. A group of 4 C. mauri by the (Wend) of the runway, in an unceasing flight display, chasing each other up and down the creek, stopping every so often to feed on exposed tundra hummingbirds. I remained around camp until 1830 waiting for the NARL plane to appear to carry me off to Barrow. During the a.m. I tagged local shorebirds, concentrating on Calidris mauri (our Tapi hog and C. mauri spacecount). By 0900 the wind was strong enough to [illegible]

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SPVayus 1978 Journal_ Atkasook on the Meade River, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 30 May (could) With taying so I returned to camp + got my gear in order, etc., The plane did not come. So at 1830 after a light dinner I walked north part Atkasook along the river to ~(7,52), crossed the river there, and returned along the east bank. Snow is melting in a broad belt on the west side of the river, extending up to the top of the cliff and some 100-200 m inland. But otherwise cover exceeds 90%. Birds seen along the ridge include displaying Motacilla flava (see sp account), flocks of Calidris alpina (sp accent) paired with a sprinkling of Pluvialis dominica, P. squatarola, Arenaria interpres, Calidris bairdii (sp accent), C. quilla (sp accent) and Tryngites subruficollis (sp accent). Longspurs abound in display. The habitat is lichen ridge: High cushion polygon lichen barrens Alechoris, Diapensia, Dryas, Silene Covered marsh w/ Salix pulchra Salix pulchra Alchemilla, Vaccinium v.v., Betula, Betula, Ledum Ericophorum vaginatum <-- WET K < 100-150 m --> The uppermost part of the ridge is more barren, and in places is devoid of vegetation - particularly on or downwind of blow-outs [the ridge is heavily comprised of sand]. In these sites the lichen gives way to a thin covering of Carex obnata, Elymus, Selene acaulis, and Dryas rubra. Behind the ridge on the east in a well-developed high center polygon system, in which to date the tops have melted but snow still fills all troughs. Along the East bank snow cover is much more extensive, and the ground is cleared only along a thin (3-5m) strip running along the border of the bank, one which is much lower in height than the west bank. The exposed vegetation is a more mesic version of lichen ridge, heavy on the Alechoris (Corniculata?), with various shrubby heathers and even a smattering of Eriophorum vaginatum to stock. BIRDS: the shorebirds were largely in a large expanse of sand dune-ridged ridge top right down by Atkasook Village (7,51). In fact there were 3 flocks of C. alpina totaling over 100 individuals (60 in one flock). By the time that I returned, at least one Stercorarius longicaudus had set up in territorial defense on the W bank that is quite rapid, as I saw more until this a.m.

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SP Myers 1978 Journal Atkasook, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 31 May frithed away morning waiting for NARL please after a very successful taping of C. mauri (see sp accent) during 0630-0830. At 1230 walked N to Atkasook to attempt radio contact or telephone contact with NARL. Radio worked but couldn't raise Lab. Telephone did not work. At 1430, however, the place appeared. FLIGHT - saw very few birds en route some Larus hyponbros. Away from river, snow cover is virtually 99-100% from Atkasook to NARL. Barrow, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 1730 tepid 36° at NARL. No wind. No clouds. Snow melting rapidly. After dinner I censused TS - mostly 99% snow cover but the first units [(0,0) + (0,1)] with few due to proximity to road. Calidris alpina & Calacarus hypopnica most common birds [see spp accent and daily list]. According to Terry Hall this is the first nice day, and nice it is. Snowy owls breeding - 80 sp accent. 1 June Cold again, down to 28° or so at dawn with a strong N wind + clouds. Nothing except longspurs in transects (see summaria). Snow cover 99% over most places including garlind ridge. Shorebirds seemingly in flocks along roadside. 2 June Getting even colder - 22° at 0600. Never rose above freezing during the day and melted all melted water on the tundra is ice covered. Very few birds out there: they have all retreated to the areas beside the road kept warm by increased absorption due to dust. Especially remarkable is the continued flocking behaviour of shorebirds Dunlin have been here since 29 May [vide G.E. Hall] but they are still foraging in flocks - up to 30 or 40 birds per flock - by the road. Longspurs are also breaking from the tundra. Melanotos is virtually absent. Arenaria interpres also still flocking. 3 June somewhat warmer - 28° at 0600, 32° by late afternoon. But the story of retreat from the tundra continues unabated. B. McCaffrey arrived today. My interpretation of their vehicle business is as follows. According to P.G. Connors & others the melt-off is early in southern + central AK, even so far north as Kotzebue & Kruzenshtern. In fact in Anchorage & Fairbanks snow arranged to see the Batale & Dugulus already leaked out, with no snow. Connors told me over the phone today that when he arrived at Kruzenshtern (26 May), Pedicularis was blooming and there was a C. mauri with 2 eggs. So the areas south of the Brooks are far advanced compared to normal. The North

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J.P. Myers 1978 Journal Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 3 June (cont'd) Slope, in contrast, is neither normal or perhaps even retarded. The difference between condition south + north of the slope has had an important effect on the behavior of arriving birds. Condition to the south sped them along - they continued advancing as for no meet would permit, which this year dumped them abruptly onto the N. Slope. And it is so different here that they "don't know what to do". They are here before they should be, and thus are remaining flocked in areas suitable for foraging. This is why we see so many Dunlin flocks even though they have been here since 29 May - 6 days. 4 June a.m. took Brian McCaffrey & Ben Vogel nuts and south of town. It is always an eye-opening tour for newcomers to Barrow, and discovers commonest birds. Town is a dump, usually, olfactory, actually. Each house is surrounded by what seem to be tons of accumulated garbage, but what is probably only the past winters. Now that the snow is melting, it is coming to the surface, because it, unlike the snow, doesn't melt. Papers, garbage, wood chips, broken dishes + machinery, + just plain mud. With this there also comes a more troubling blend of putrefying odor. Yum! And the noise comes from trail bikes reawakening after a winter's rest. But where else could you find shorebirds foraging in the midst of urban life, meters from each house, by each road in all the small ponds? Throughout the morning a cold easterly wind blew strongly, although the temperature quickly rose above 0°C. We continued south of town to the Freshwater lake. The tundra remains almost 100% covered. Shorebirds numerous in flocks. And Stercorarius parasiticus began not only to move by air (drones), but also to set up territories (see sp. accent). At 1300 McCaffrey + I dropped Vogel at the lab, and we went out to the IBP area. By mid afternoon the wind had dropped to almost nothing. Calidris began to display frequently, and shorebirds started singing - both Calidris alpina + pusilla (at loon with a rally of display), &^2 cheering all along the Gasline Road from Beach Ridge out to the Smithsonian building, and along Voth Creek. On that Gasline Ridge, however, life was more quiet. We walked out to a Mycteria nest (one additional egg in days) and then returned toward camp. G.E. Hall waylaid us, reporting a Motacilla alba on the Brinton area. 45 min of search found us nothing, save 15 Calidris alba and a Motacilla flava. Returned to camp. Went out again at 2130 for an hour, visiting POW-MAIN

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JOURNAL NARL, Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 4 June (contd) and reaching Brownville south of the Lab. 1 Cassella gallinago, 1 Micropalama himantopus, (Anthus spinolletta, - all well seen by each of us, as well as a Riparia riparia. Today, incidentally, was Swallow day. We saw Riparia riparia, Hirundo rustica, Stelgidopteryx relicollis, and Petrochelidon pyrrhonota. And further, it was the B16 day, replacing 12 June 1976, when we saw 42 spp. Today 50 spp were seen in the vicinity of NARL. Evening ended at 2230 with the Lapilla + a gorgeous, windless sunset. 5 June up at 0300 to tape shorebird calls. The weather demands it - 40 wind, warm, + early on the scene with everybody setting up ferrisbria. Visited both POW MAIN and IBP (between 0400 and 0600). Recorded Calidris alpina and C. pusilla - see TAPE LOG. (1978-2). OTHO began running transect 6 with McCaffrey, teaching him how to sample our transects. Light E wind, 80% clouds, 360 F at 0700 ! A balmy day in the making. By 1500 when we returned the temperature soared to 450F, which must approach the record for early June temperatures. I remained with McCaffrey through T6 and T7. Then because of the windless day, I went back + got the tape recorder. Spent 1030-1500 taping shorebirds. See Tape log [1978-2]. Calidris alpina, C. pusilla, and C. bailii are well represented in abundance. But C. malanotos is not - in fact we heard not a single throat, and saw <15 all day. Nars is Pluvialis dominica as common as last year. The sun shone brightly for several hours around midday, and our faces are bectred from the snow + sun. Went out briefly at 2130 to see a Tringa flavipes by POW-WAH. 2 Micropalama himantopus flew by while we were there. TRANs 1,3,5 6 JUNE Began sampling T5 at 0715. Temp = 360F, high clouds, no wind. We seem to be in for another astonishing day. And by 1015 the clouds cleared to yield a gorgeous sunny day with hardly any wind. How atypical a June! Then in mid-afternoon it clouded over + rained for a while, another unusual June phenomenon. What is Barrow coming to? Finished T5 at 1045. In general the transects were quite productive. McCaffrey + I logged in

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JPMyers 1978 Journal NARL, Barrow, North Slope Borough, AK 6 June (cont'd) 49 C. alpina in 100 ha sampled during the last 2 days. Also 111 Calidris pugnax. But polarotors appear to be in sad shape: only 3 of each sex, all today. They appear, however, to be picking up - see sp accent. Flying insect about today. Found a Calidris nest cup almost completed. PM. - out Barrow spit to Nunook At 1830 G.E. Hall, Brian McCaffrey and I left NARL headed north via 3-wheeler, destination Nunook. Weather helping 38°F with a slight W wind, occasional rain. It actually rained steadily for 45 min this afternoon (6 June ?!!!). On the way we observed that the shore fast ice is heavily puddled now by water, and that nowhere along the spit has it been (well)ridge) up onto shore in any appreciable fashion. The lead, by the way, has been several km wide for the last week or so, and only a few km offshore. The Nunook tundra is largely snow free today, although the series of ponds over the gravel grydges are still pretty much snowed in. Nunook was only moderately productive - a Calidris rubicollis, many Calidris alba (~15), 3 Calidris alpina, 2 Calidris fuscicollis, and at least 10 Calidris bairdi. The dunlin and baird were the only birds displaying. One Pholidon dominica passed by a few Phalaropus fulicatus. See daily list, Nunook entry. The big frustration came when I was 20 m from G.E. Hall + we called Turdus obscurus - only to have the bird disappear before anyone else could catch a glimpse. We searched the tundra patch for the next 1.5 hrs to no avail. NARL Spotted a Hypocicla thrush from the lab window - could not ID 7 June Begun a.m. by collecting above Hypocicla. It is a H. ustulata, Barrow's first specimen. Out to grind by 0900, late because of collecting business. McCaffrey and I arrived from 0900 to 1200. Foggy, lifting by mid morning. Temp = 32° No wind. Snow cover now dropping below 50% on both Grude 1+2. Shorebirds very active. [illegible] has moved in - see sp accent. Found 2 quilla nut cups.

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JPMyeus 1978 Journal NARL, Barrow, North Slope Borough, Atkasook, Alaska 8 June 0700-1215 and 1500-1730 censusd grid 2. Another exceedingly warm day with the Temperature well above freezing throughout, after storky with a morning frost. Sky clear + air almost unstill. Snow cover on grid 2 down to under 20% as an average, although a few units still have 40% or so. Bird activity is intense, particularly among Caloceris, and Calidris alpina, and Calidris minutula as well as Phalaropus fulicarius. In all of them, birds, are very active. Floaters are conspicuous, and introduce difficulty into the censusing procedure. Among the territorial species, particularly floaters are tolerated to a certain degree even if the midday display activity. Thus pairs of quiet dunlin may or may not be localized breeders as yet. The laps are uphill in the throes of nest building. This spring has been another unusual season (-alas but what is usual) with the almost daily fluctuations between hot + cold temperatures. First a warm period in mid-May, then a cold one in late May. A few warm days in the last day or so of May followed by plummeting temps for a 3 day period. And now this lovely weather which has persisted now for 5 days + melted most of the snow. Atkasook on the Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 9 June 1000 (weather) Atkasook and NARL Census 780. Flight revealed that snow melt is largely complete at Atkasook, but progressively less so toward the coast. At Barrow the overall average is ~20-30%. At Atkasook, after some troubles with the crew because of a broken durn generator + other deheating issues, Ben Vogel + I went out to begin placing our recent sticky board transects. Placed 12 boards along Transect A, which runs up bird transect #2. See 1978 Inventory/Transect Observation for a description of the habitats sampled. By the way, I should mention that the river here broken again a marine performance, according to everyone here. It flooded so that our breeding bird plot was under 7' of water as river water coursed down an overflow channel running into Butterfly Creek. There are marine icebergs everywhere up on shore. Birdwise the place is calmer than I expected. Low densities of melanderi, relatively low numbers of

Generator not functioning 22-24 May 7-10 June La Sune Radio not functioning 22 May - 12 June [illegible]

JPI Myers 1978 Journal Atkcook on the Ncacle River, N.Sloc Borough, Alaska 9 June (cant) Calidris putila compared to last year. However the density of Motacilla flava is up markedly, particularly right around camp. Phenologically Atkcook does not appear to be far advanced compared to Barrow. For example, Calcarius hamiltoni begun to lay. But insect usage it is much further along. Many flying Chironomidae, as well as Plecoptera. Pardosa spiders abound in the tussody 10 June Griophorus vaginatum - Ledum decumbens habitat high 30's at 0400, cold light rain, moderate E wind. Cleared by 1400 to very pleasant weather. spent day frantically attempting to get all of the 82 insect sampling board positions chosen. Placed transects B,C,D along bird transects 1,14 and 10, respectively. Yndinding evening placed A on BT. 2. This placement allows us to monitor insect emergence + activity in a wide variety of habitats which can be related to bird activity. See insect transect accounts re specific locations of plots. Slumberbird activity at low level throughout tundra. Heard little quillalong day but seems to be centers of manu activity. Bahn flowers calling. Mylanaeoto hooting only over lowlands. Returned to NARL, Barrow via Cenuna 180 at 2000 hrs. Note - the generator at camp did not function 22 May -> 24 May, now 7-10 June 11 June 0600 out to run transect 5 and probe melanoto. The first went successfully. The second was not: few or melanoto apparent on either grid 1 or 2, and even fewer & melanoto. 12 June taping behind MARC 0430-0630. Concentrated displays by Calidris baildii. See Tayu log 1978-3. Continued taping 0800-1030 beside Votke slough. Both baildii and alpina were very active in vocal display. Spent much of rest of day playing bureaucracy. Evening out to Nuwuk (2130-0200), a trip inordinately prolonged by non- functional J Wheeler. Classic Barrow fog, making visibility next to nothing. Waffeng + I went out because Terry Hall reported a tricky bird we could not identify at Nuwuk. We found it, but failed to see it well enough either for 10 or to collect it - I chased it with a shotgun for 2 frustrating hours without ever seeing it before it flew. The fog was pernicious and cold as well.

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JPhyew, 1978 Journal NARL, Barrow, N.Slope Borough, Alaska 13 June a.m. Trip to Nuuk to return 3 wheelers + to make another attempt on the chicky-bird's life. Task #3 successful, #2 a bust. Weather was better with the fog up and wind down. But we did not see the bird. Last night both McCaﬀery + I saw that it was whatevar size + shape (but more Geositta like in shape than Oenanthe), then bill, lighter outer tail feathers, no sound (absolutely silent) and olive to something a little more yellow below. Too large for a Phylloscopus. p.m. Worked on Grid 3 censuses from 1130-1730. alping active in display, with approximately 5 ha/hourory. melanotos displaying occasionally but I saw no PP on the whole fence. Calcarius in flight display frequently. However there are many floaters around, sneaking around making interception difficult. see Calcarius sp accent. 14 June a.m. got everyone going on tracking & moulators. McCaﬀery + I worked Grid 1, Shuford Grid 2. But for all the eﬀort there was damn few moulator and they act singularly uncooperative. The birds that we worked on had 0-8 - see tracking data. Brian's was actively displaying, creaking into & others, but David's minus had almost no display activity. see moulators sp accent. Morning was foggy-ish (not excessive), 33°, with a N wind building. I found 4 C.pirilla nests, 8 Calcarius, and one C.alpina while prodding over the grid. p.m. Frank Pielka appeared today, a real vagrant from parts south. In fact he's a fresh out of Germany, so he qualifies as one of our newer distinct visitors. 1430 I went out again to continue work on moulators. Wind is picking up from the cast. 15 June tracking on Grid 1 a.m. and p.m. France NE wind blowing up to 25 mph, 23° at dawn, clear skies. Were it not for today's clear skies it would be unpleasant indeed. The high steady wind and low temperature made

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SP Myers 1978 Journal NARL, Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 15 JUNE (Cont'd) Life out on the tundra less than comfortable. Somewhat to my surprise, therefore, everyone had a good day on the field: McCaffrey and Sheppard ran transects (all saw 85), FAP census, Sticorarius pair (see sp accent) while I tracked a P. melanotos. Bird activity level was definitely higher than anticipated - for example the P. melanotos located regularly + gave frequent calls. McCaffrey ran me to a center of melanotos activity out along T9, at T10. He also found a fuscicollis nest. Apparently the transect region around T9+T10 contains many melanotos and Phalaropus fulicarius. That is especially interesting because of their low numbers there last year and the overall low density of melanotos this year. In 1977 we had few of either melanotos or fulicarius, especially on Grids 1+2 compared to 1975-6 densities. Grid 3, on the other hand, had good RP numbers, and I even found a & there from 1975-6 on Grids 1+2 (banded by Schaefer). A contrasted this last year as indicating local shifts in hot spots: 1975-6 the Grids 1+2 were good (80 was 3). 1977 the phalaropus moved to Grid 3, so that our overall (lower abundance) of RPs was strong on 1+2, but perhaps peculiar only to them. So this year we have low melanotos than Grids 1+2, but (according to McCaffrey) very well developed hot spots out on T9+T10. And as I observed above, T9+T10 were dead last year. What causes these local shifts? One hypothesis is that the location of settling is controlled by melt-off: perhaps a 'piper' such city not 100% clear, but something with some critical % cover value, something between 80 and 100. Locally there are important differences in melt-off. Grids 1+2 may have passed the critical level when the animal, so they moved on. T9-10 were later. 2nd Hyp - low density last year meant low cropping rates + thus higher densities of larvae this year? That would be something! NARL → Atkaook on the Meade, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 16 June Flight via single otter this am. To Meade River. We are carrying supplies, John Grouse (pilot), me, and an expediter. Grouse is to return with John Costoris and Bill Q. Gloege, USGS people surveying river water levels.

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JPLayers 1978 Journal NARL→Atkasook on the Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 16 June cont'd The flight was uneventful. We flew at 300' the whole way, allowing me to 10 occasional birds. Scaftued Nyctea to ~30 mile south of Barrow. One pair of Somateria fuscata just south of the Gao Well at Barrow. Pluvialis squatarola just north of the Jnau River. Melt-off virtually complete, save for a few isolated snowbanks in bluffs areas. Water receding in all rivers; the water has also cleared markedly, no longer a silky mud brown. Almost all lakes are melted, except a few large ones. Last flight I was struck by the very curious distribution of ice- melt: 2 adjacent ponds of seemingly identical size might differ widely in ice melt, one ice-free, the other still solid. Atkasook on the Meade, North Slope Borough, Alaska 4/16 June (cont'd) Arrived ~11am + had immediate confrontation with Vogel re sampling effort. Potentially resolved by 1400. I spent afternoon preparing pack frames for new boards, etc., and then went out at 1700 and again at 2100 to return old boards from Insect Transects A+B. Temperature warm (8°C), partially cloudy with long periods of sun, and a diminishing wind which had been running an excess of 25mph for 2 days from E. The sticky boards were largely empty, although the ones in low wet habitat were accumulating small numbers of muscid flies, some mycetophilidae, lirigid and pardoid spiders, I had hundreds of collembola. None had collected any bugs but even though bees are one of the few conspicuously active insects now. Re birds see 17 June entry — I'll wait. 17 June Off to run transects 6-10 by 0630. Began 10 at 0710. Temp: 3°C, partially cloudy (20%), moderate E wind blowing ~10mph. Finished transects at 1430, back to camp by 1500. 1100 collected boards from Insect Transects C. 2000 flew to Barrow. By evening it was raining intermittently at Atkasook. The wind never abated during the day, and the temperature rose to ~6°C by mid-afternoon. Bird activity is generally lower, both compared to my last visit (10 June) and to last year. This is better reflected in the transect summaries and also qualitatively. Below is a summary of my qualitative impressions after today's transects + yesterday's meanderings:

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JPMayers 1976 Journal Atkasook on the Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 17 June (cont'd) I'll handle shorebirds first: Pluvialis squatarola - thinly distributed but regular over most of the study area. Display now unfrequent, commonly chasing Stercorarius spp in flight. #s as last year Pluvialis dominica - probably not as common as squatarola, but in same range of density. perchier. Fewer around than last year. On nests now. I still am puzzled by the habitat difference between the two Pluvialis spp. They overlap heavily. Why squatarola is not at Barrow is a puzzle, as pairs definitely forage in lowlands as we ridges no higher than Carlin at Barrow. Perhaps they "require" the overall inundated topography, topographic relief. Arenaria interpres - as last year, very sparse. Possibly 2 pairs along transects 6-10. Calidris melanotos - sparse compared to previous year. Habitat very restricted this year to low ant swales - e.g. T6, T11 and the 2nd halves of T10 and T14. For these sites are so certain to see one or two PS's plus an incubating 3 or two. There are sites in which you are guaranteed a PS or two. But they are still more sporadic in other sites. Areas along T8, T9, and T7 which were grazed with PS's last year this year are wetlands. And the 4 population is also lower. I saw 2 88 w/nests. One definitely, even though I failed to find the nest - she was giving a 8

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J P Myers 1976 Journal Atkasook on the Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 17 June Calidris maria - common but patchily distributed. Intense centers of display activity scattered over transit system, but there are also large lacunae in their distribution. Prefers - possibly restricted to - strongly heathy slope & above lakes, ponds or streams. I would guess they are quasi-colonial. Intense aggression continues at this date. Tryngites subbificollis - approximately as last year. Display activity only in one area (78-9) with 5 birds seen today, including 2 displaying PP. Limnodromus scolopaceus - scattered thinly throughout wet low areas or low center polygon systems. About as last year in density. Pairs acting as if on rut in the changing of Carex ribbons. Phalaropus fulicarius - down in density from last year, but how much I am unsure. Phalaropus lobatus - common + in midst of breeding activity. 94% showing PP in the low wet habitats. Barrow, Alaska 18 June Low E wind continues strong today, although it is somewhat weaker. We tracked P. melanotus today a.m. + p.m., see melanotus sp. acut. They are thicker than just 2 days ago. In the afternoon - it being sunny and warm - the fawn of Barrow disappeared across the tundra, bringing the screams of kids + sounds of guns to all the local polygons. Not the sort of visual enjoyment. A hazard of Barrow fieldwork, one not to be taken lightly because of the damage that chieldum can+ will cause. 19 June WIND, 50 p.m. 0500 I'm out in the field during P. melanotus. Clear, 33°F. & obtained a stupendous series of tapes of P. melanotus - hood and prone display. During the morning I then handled various bureaucratic chores: The Meade River project generator is down, their water pump doesn't work, etc. 1300-1500 tracking melanotus on Grid 2. see melanotus sp. acut. 20 June Out in the field at 0400 to tapes, last foiled by wind. Returned to field at 0700 for summing transects 6-10. 33°, light wind dying to monthly gypphys. 100%. Low clouds w/ occasional snow flurries. The transects were very productive today -

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JP Myers 1978 Journal NARL, Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 20 June (cont'd) ain 5 km I logged in 21 P. melanotos, 22 alpina, 28 folicarius, etc. See melanotos sp accent ve melanotos activity. Also saw foxidilis, camotus and Trypeta subovifollis. Lemming cropping an area near 79 is very heavy, the fox passed me by on its way to the den on Votu Slope. It was so laden with Lemmus that I thought at first it had a q Polysticta in its mouth. 21 June sweat day largely indoors after an early morning tapping session. Cold, with Tewu at 0400 around 25°C. Wind picking up during the day. 22 June Menden River at Atkasook, N Slope Borough, Alaska Pitikka & I flew to Menden River camp today at 0900 for a bird tour of the study area. Weather not at all conducive to picnicking, with winds gusting over 35mph and the temperature around 0°C. The only consolation is that cardinals are more at Barrow (temperature ~ -2°C). After a lengthy 6s session with Johnson and Vogel, Johnson, Pitikka and I walked ESE to the breeding bird grid. Saw appallingly few birds mostly due to the wind. Phenologically the place is becoming well advanced: several flowers in bloom including Anemone, Arctostaphylos, Diapensia, [illegible] in blooming, the willows are well-blooming, and green appears at the base of recent shoots. We found one nest of 2 Calcaris partly hatched. Returned to camp at 1400 + conference during the afternoon with Vogel re insect business. Flew back to NARL at 1700 on a very bumpy return trip. NARL, Barrow, N Slope Borough, AK 23 June indoors all day because of wind. Yeah. 24 June up at 0330 to see the windless day. Topped from No wind, but temp at 0400 = 24°F. Low clouds occasionally turning to fog. Taped Calidris pusilla, P. melanotos on 6401 before breakfast 0900 out tracking P. melanotos. It appears that some [illegible] may have

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JOURNAL NAKL, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 24 June (cont'd) shifted, particularly in the area where Brian McCaffrey is tracking 8" on Grid 4p. 1. See tracking data. Otherwise the grids are dead, look for melanoto and for other shorebirds 1630-1900 tracked 8 melanoto on Grid 1. See Species account Today was quite a cold day, with the temperature remaining below 0°C throughout. Snowflurries fell all day, and the tundra ponds had thin sheets of ice over them, until mid-morning. 25 JUNE Tracked melanoto 0755-1200. Cold, blustery and snowy day on Grid 1: ~30°F, E wind 10mph, 100% clouds with intermittent snow, sometimes interfering with work. The grids are dying, with activity dropping to new lows - I suspect that some of our 8 melanoto are even leaving already. See melanoto sp account. Display activity in other species is also dwindling. I heard no alpine display today. There was one fluting pustilla display. No Puviale, song either. However Phalaropus fulicarius remains paired in many local ponds, and the Polyticta continue to fight with one another. pm - 1600 van T3 and collected two used sticky boards. More snow, but the wind was warmer. Melanoto activity picked up somewhat. 26 JUNE Sampled transects 6-10. Weather pleasant - 32° at 0700, light E wind, scattered cloids. Nothing startling in the sampling, with totals normal and activity levels declining in all species. Saw the first flocks of migrating 8 melanoto today. I am perplexed, however, by the absence of any sign of movement in 8 Phalaropus fulicarius. 27 JUNE Good weather at last! 0600 33°, sunny, no wind. McCaffrey +I went out at 0630 to photograph: a C. baillii on its nest - one of those incredibly tame individuals made for taking pictures. Returned to lab at 0800 to help shepherd Pitkela to the airport - he is headed south today. At 1100 Brian and I went out again, this time to dabble with melanoto: we took a clutch from a banded 8 and also tracked 8". See melanoto sp account.

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SPMyers 1978 JOURNAL AtKasook on the Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 29 August I'm back at Atkasook to gather in the crew. Shuford, Vogel + Johnston have been here all summer, except that Shuford was forced to leave a week ago when his father died. I flew in from NARE yesterday at noon, having reached Barrow the night before. My task is to corral the field units, cleanup camp, finish the sampling, and split. Yesterday I spent the afternoon cleaning camp. Then this am. I ran transects 1-4. The results are as I anticipated: precious few birds remain on the tundra. I saw 5 species of shorebird - Pluvialis dominica + P. squatarola, Calidris melanotos + C. alpina, + Phyllopus fulicarius + Ph. lobatus. All were juveniles. (see daily list for table) None were common. Alflden sampling 40 ha I recorded only 1 shorebird - a juvenile C. melanotos. The tundra is remarkably wet- remarkably at least, in comparison with the last several years. Many low center polygons still retain water. All are saturated in their centers. The river still has an appreciable breadth to it, being some 20m wide at camp. According to Vogel it has rained prodigiously here in the last week. That would probably account for most of the standing water, but all summer I've been getting reports from McCaffrey in Barrow that it has been a wet, cold August. The temperature this am while I sampled was pleasant - 8°C, almost no wind, puffy Mendel River clouds. But around 1300 a strong w wind picked up. I fear it portends a serious change in the weather, as large dark + fronty looking clouds are approaching from the west. We shall see how it develops (obviously). The most interesting ornithological note concerns the Gavia arctica - all 3 spp are cicing loudly + constantly - flying overhead, landing in flocks in the river, etc. Well, not all 3 spp are floating in the river - only arctica. But nonetheless all 3 are extraordinarily active.

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JOURNAL At Kasook, on the Wkade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 30 August Started T5, 11-14. This am beginning at 0600. Temperature a mild 8°C at 0600, rising to 13°C by 1100. Almost no wind, clear sky. Sunrise was among the most enchanting I have seen at Wkade, with each depression in the terrain filled with a thick morning fog. Very little bird activity: the most abundant numerous species was Calcarius, but even these were not common. As yesterday, all 3 Gavia spp. were conspicuous because of their incessant vocal activity. The warmer temperatures today appear to have set the stage for vocal display in many species: the 3 Gavia, both Lagopus, Calcarius lapponicus, Passerulus sandwichensis, and Boreotrichia leucophrys all sang. After coming in from the transects a cleared camp until the last of 3 flights at 1600. Then off to NML + done with Wkade River for 1978, and perhaps forever. See 1978 Wkade Ornithology accounts for description of spp. status.

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JP Myers 1978 Branta bernicla nigricans Atkasook on the Meade River, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 28 May one flock of ~40 flying NE over the tundra at 1500 hrs. Barely skimming the surface or they fly upwind into a 20 mph + gale. 29 May another day of Grant migration. 30 May I saw no [illegible] today. Shuford and Johnston saw 4. NARL Barrow 1 perched out to NE of South Meadows Lake.

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5P Myers 1978 Lagopus lagopus At Kasook, Meade River, North Slope Alaska 22 May 2230 8 Lagopus 8. gave flight display over Meade River. Solitary. Saw another this evening, a quiet bird by river bluff. 23 May scattered h.i. by river bluff at (6,41). Now displaying. The 88 are all in good breeding plumage [sketch of bird with annotations: reddish brown, white sharp line] The 88 have begun to become molt out of winter plumage with heavy moltling in the head & along the body. 24 May 2 88 in border display shrub. One 8 incompletely molted into its breeding plumage, still retaining white feathers in its crown. I suspect that if the weather were to turn we would be hit by a flurry of ptarmigan breeding displays. 1 good flight display. evening (2000-2230) frequent display by 88 along river bluff near (6,41). It appears that many 88 are on territories & protecting 8, but that there are some that aren't. 25 May walking transects today. Lagopus 8. restricted to within ~200 m of areas melting early, especially by bluffs. this was very clear today because from the beginning of T1 through to unit 7,14 there were no ptarmigan. there had also been virtually 100% snow cover. But at 7,1 of T4 we came to an exposed patch running along the rim of Pingo Lake. And wow - there was a tonny ptarmigan. 8 displaying all over the tundra in sites such as this, particularly by the Meade River bluff. 30 May a flurry of Lagopus lagopus activity this AM. around the W end of the airstrip. This is where cockiness were mounting ptarmigan several days ago. 88 chasing 88, 88 chasing 88. Flight displays. Have we witnessed an experiment in the removal of territorial birds?? I watched one 88 harass 2 88 for 75 min, aggressively chasing them. It seemed as if he was removing them from the territory. Also saw 3 88 chasing each other in the air, flaying far beyond the territorial boundaries of any single one of them.

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J P WILPUS 1978 Lagopus lagopus At Kasook on the Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 10 June Lagopus l. very conspicuous now over the entire tundra. Considerable vocal activity and quite a bit of territorial aggression. Watched a pair of 197 running repeatedly up and down their border during p.m. How ungainly, absurd a bird to find in so remote an area! It belongs on a turkey farm. 17 June Lagopus molting to summer plumage. 94 m nests. But territorial activity continues. I heard many display calls while running 76-7/10, and came across a flurry of border battles on the breeding bird plot.

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JPMeyer 1978 Lagopus mutus Atkasook, Meade River, North Slope, Alaska 23 May ♂+♀ L. mutus on exposed bluff at (16,41). The ♂ chucked by the ♀ as we pushed them around. ♂ pure white. ♀ mottled. Another solitary ♂ ~200 m away. Gave abbreviated flight display (like a Gnathosaurus petersii). Both these sightings occurred within general area when we also saw a number of Lagopus lagopus. 24 May afternoon 1 good flight display. evening (2000-2230) by (16,41) - 3 or more solitary territorial ♂♂ along the river bluff displaying + moving w/ single ♀. Saw one mutus ♂ chase off a lagopus pair. 25 May frequent display activities by river. One ♂ with 2 ♀s, shepherding them both. 30 May By this date we are hearing mutus infrequently. Heard one this morning give flight creak. 17 July June heard 1 ♂ call along the river this am.

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JPMayers 1978 Plovialis squatarola Atkasook on the Wlenda River, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 28 May 1♂ flying upstream along the river in front of camp at 1300 hrs - Year's first. 29 May a flock (!) of 6 squatarola plus 1♂ individual, making the black-bellied plaver again a common Merle giver therebund. One displaying by the airstrip at VDB30. Others distributed along TS + 2 by the end of TII, 30 May compared to P. dominica, squatarola is both infrequent + quiet. 31 May ♂ displaying consistently by W end of runway. I happened to be there at 0830 when a solitary ♀ flew overhead. The ♂ (unattracted) mates) did not give chase. Instead it repeated a single, plaintive display call into a single minor key whistle (whereew.... whereew .... whereew) about 1/2 seconds as the ♀ flew by. 17 June see journal

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JPMyers 1978 Arctia interpes North Slope ATKASOOK at Meade River, Atkaskook, Alaska 24 May 1st positive ID for Meade 78 shorebirds: 5 Arctia i. flying across Willow Creek at 1500. One landed in view. 25 May 2 by landing strips, calling + on ground. 27 May 11 in one flock near camp 28 May 10 by Bunnell's (across willow creek from camp at (6,42). They appear to hang out there with a gaggle of Larus hyperboreus, probably because Bunnell has several dead can buoy lying about. 29 May scattered individual turnstones moving about. 30 May Flock of Arctia still clustered around Bunnell's cambo canoe. 10+ birds. Barrow, W. Slope Borough, AK - Gasline Road 3 June counted one flock of 27 Arctia foraging relatively placidly today. As other shorebirds, Arctia have yet to move out onto the tundra and display. 11 June Arctia well dispersed over the tundra and in full breeding effort. Chasing- jaegers commonly. Also chasing each other. Saw one border dispute on Grid 2 involving 250+. Display included fight on ground with back feathers raised, tail and head lowered. Atkaskook, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 17 June see Journal

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S.P. Myers 1948 C. melanotos North Slope AtKosook, Moose River, Alaska 23 May 1 possible melanotos flying low over the tundra today, downwind To ESE. 28 May The first definite melanotos today: I saw it flying downwind (west) at 1400 hrs. Probably a ? by the size of it. 29 May See journal re change in weather. Melanotos arrived today in numbers. 07+8. No display activity. Moving in 2's or 3's or even small flocks up to 8. Impossible to identify a dominant direction. 30 May Again many melanotos moving today. Began at 0500 w/ two roosting in a flock of Phylolicis dominica by camp. Throughout the day, especially 0800-1100, small flocks buzzed back and forth, none seeming to settle down. At 1030 3 88's flew by + landed briefly. Just before they landed we began pumping its chest as if to boost, but no sound came out. The form of the host molon was correct, however. 1500- fewer melanotos flying this afternoon, but they are still moving by. Heard one good hoot. 31 May Several hooting 88's observed during a.w. around the runway. Barrow, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 3 88's by Gasline Road this p.m. Terry (G.G.) Hall reports they arrived yesterday, when he and Mark Chapman found a male in Barrow itself. 1 June No melanotos on the tundra away from melt spots by the road. 2 June Saw no melanotos today. 3 June 2 8's by the road on Gasline today. Nothing on the tundra. 5 June Sunny + warm Today - see Journal. - but the only melanotos seen were a few small flocks flying over or stopping briefly. I am appalled by the # of melanotos. Not one recorded in the transect 6 June Several 8 melanotos reached the area last night + are setting up on G10 1. Heard several hoots while sampling T5. Saw a squabble of 3 88's, all trying to hoot over the same pond. But away from this area - e.g. Gasline Ridge - I saw none.

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JPIayers 1996 Calidris melanotos NARL, North Slope Borough, Alaska 7 June melanotos 88 setting up today on Grid 1. Active hooting, several intense grosse displays. However area around (0,6) and (1,6) is still confusing: NTS 88 present plus one hooting 8?. Also shade of 9? - at least 6 on the grid. 8 June Grid 2 hooting today- large # of 88 (10+) along with active 8? and uncompletely developed 8? Judging from level of activity it [illegible] could be a good Pectoral year. 12 June the activity of several days ago has waned - a fact made apparent in the last breeding breed run (10-11 June). Also conspicuous today on grids 3 + 2 where Dave + Brian detected fewer than 6/50 ha. (6+6 8?). Very few 8? around also. (W/way 1, attempted to track a 8? on Grid 3 - found myself unable to do so in the weather because of the enormous range of the bird's hooting - over 8ha. What hurts most is the fact that 7-8 June it looked to be a good year, say for the anomalous presence of numerous non-territorial 8? incompletely developed in chest structure. 14 June tracking in earnest. 2 8? on Grid 1, 1 on Grid 2. Both One of them, 7B-1, is quite active in display, according to McCaffrey who trailed it - the other 8 spent clearly all their time feeding in a few discrete spots. It was, in fact, quite difficult to track them because they would feed for a long time each without any display, and then quickly + quickly move to another spot on their territory, separated often 100-200 m distant. Once there, they again resumed feeding inconsistently. McCaffrey's 8?, on the other hand, alternated regularly between bouts of display and periods of feeding. None of them, however, had a 8? on the territory. 8? in fact are quite rare. Occasional one fly by, pursued by local 8?. But travelling 8? appear to move past just as commonly or even more so. They too evoke chaos. 16 June Atkasook 17 June see Journal NARL, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 18 June tracking am. + pm. on grids 1 + 2. Activity increased tremendously on both grids compared to previous day. A new 8? may have arrived on 61 (1978-6). On the other hand, it

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Sullivan 1978 Calidris maritima NAUL, Barrow, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 18 June may simply be affecting staff. PF also present for a brief period during the beginning of the tracking session of the bird, which could be picking up display activity. Pitka, Shuford + McCaffrey all recorded higher maritima activity yesterday around the previous grids as I was at Whale River. Today & concern. Further, many partially developed TOs are still moving about. The only flying lacking are an abundance of PF. The 3 birds I tracked today (6/18/78 - 1, 3 & 4) were all displaying actively, largely in border display + 8-8 chases. Floaters intruded regularly. ~1700 tracking 6/18/78-4. DT just engaged 1978-7 (which Dave Shuford is tracking simultaneously) within a border dispute, first 11 flutter flight then 11 border march followed by direct + violent grappling with bill + claws. battering on another w/ wrap out + tail fanned. The border march involves each of the birds running forward several (5-10) paces with neck down, then raising it up [sketches of bird movements:] pounce [illegible] tail fanned [illegible] drawing [illegible] repeatedly, wings slightly lowered out of covering, prepared to strike. As one of these birds runs forward, the other may do so also, usually separated by ~20 cm when running. Often they alternate, one running + then the other. Other times both of them go slowly. But they go through a series of these run, back + forth, then take off in a 11 border flight; the fluttering variety, feet dragging slightly + tail fanned, flying along the border line. They may do this for 5-50 m, 1-3 cm off the ground, usually 1-2 m apart in the air, sometimes closer. Chest is hanging and inflated when they fly, back feathers raised in 11 border march. On the masks they point under the neck, in a side head splay. 19 June See TAPE LOG for notes on vocal display this aim SEE Dave Shuford's notes re NESTING DISPLAY

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J.P. Myers 1978 C. Mulemotos N.A.L., Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 19 June (cut'd) Activity level on the grid is definitely still rising, with 8? appearing + poorly developed males still cropping up frequently. 20 June Incredible density for activity level of 8 mulemotos recorded today on TIO. In 60 min I recorded 36 hoofs within 200 m of transect lines. Many 8? - 9? choos. 21 June Tracking 8 mulemotos on Grids 1+2 today. See tracking account: our scarlet subtropics because we had a 8? behaving in a receptive fashion: she did not shrink her attention of 3 distinct 8? - i.e. they displayed to her as she moved across their boundary and throughout she failed to give the tail-up, tilt-laid display, or to indicate acquisition via audible vocalization. I was shocked by the fact that she remained near the boundary & showed by 8? that Brian + I were tracking. Further, she remained conspicuous throughout - none of the normal mulemotos quiet stealth. It was almost as if she sought out exposed sites + dallied on full view, all the while near the boundary. At first she was in the territory of the 8? I tracked. She moved across into Brian's male's area after ~15 min. While she was on mine my 8? hoofs over her. Brian's 8? did later. Then finally a 2nd 8? got into the act as she wandered past (8,8). A series of violent fights ensued, ending with Brian's 8? + my 8? disappearing, + then 9? reemerging w/ 8? 3, who then hoofed over her several times. Brian and I searched the territories of our respective 8? without finding them - 25 June Tracking on Grids 1+2 today. In one episode, tracking a 8? on Grid 1 (1978-11) film. 8? remained active throughout. It has a 9? meeting three w/4 eggs. 26 June Flock of 8 8? in the low wet area by T9 this morning 27 June An experiment! We removed the clutch of 9 PS# on PS1 on Grid 3. She is [illegible] when I [illegible], + returned unasspaking + unalarmed handled. We want to see if she will re-lay, + if so, with which 8? does she connect. Nest eggs taken at 12:15 pm. I watched her for 1.5 hrs, during which she repeatedly came in to the nest, behaving as if she expected everything to return to normal. Her first action was to dig up to the bottom, settle down + rustle

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JPMayers 1978 Calidris melanotos NARL, Barrow, N. Slope Borough, Alaska Alert, as if the eggs were there but simply buried. In doing this she shook her tail almost vertically in the air: [illegible] The white under tail covert shows brilliantly. The resident 8 responded quickly to her uncalled activity level, flying over + looting by 1245 + then remaining locally. Actually - the sequence of events was more complicated than that: she dug around repeatedly, alternating between the behavior above + nest building, where in she picked material up in her bill + threw it over her shoulder. Every so often (once / 3-4 min at first) she got out of the nest nest + walked away, only to return quickly. Then at 1245 she flew off in a manner very similar to the 8's swoop flight - wings crooked, [illegible]. After 2 occurrence of this (the whole kit, settling in to the nest, working it, getting off, moving around, flying away) she flew over the North Creek ~ 150 m away. Until that time she had never strayed more than 75 m from the site. 20 min later she stormed, pursued by a 8. She went almost directly to the nest, got in, but got out immediately. That apparently did it, as she did not go again into the nest as I was watching. Instead she foraged quietly nearby. When the 8 approached, she gave it the tilted body signal meaning hands off. I left at 1345. At 1300 she was still there, as was the 8. She still were not receptive to the 8's advances. Tracking a 8 - saw a brief nest cup display, given without 8 anywhere nearby. 8 simply settled down and wriggled a k typical calidridian - tail [illegible]. No sound. I looked at the depression + found it unconvincing - barely perceptible in the tundra. Perhaps that's why he has no 8 (I suggest frivolously). White under tail covert conspicuous.

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JPMayers 1976 Calidris maruri Atkasook on Ulicade River, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 29 May 1st customs of the year, flying in small flocks on the tundra, landing by camp. Brief visit of a display by a bird near the airstrip 30 May The displaying bird at the wood of the strip has multiplied and become 4 minimally. By 0800 they were displaying constantly, chasing in flight + giving full expression to the buzzing song. Watched one 8" (by behavior) as it flew up + hovered over us, singing: its legs were not hanging, [illegible] even though the body angle was far from horizontal. It [illegible] gave the song in flight, hovering, then again in chase with 2 other 8's, 1500 returned to the same spot. Display activity down considerably. One 8" still calling 1/5 min or so. It was most intent, however, on feeding. At one point it flew up, circled around, + then gave the song on the ground. 17 June see journal NAEL, N Slope Borough, Alaska

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JPlayers 1978 Calidris pusilla AtKasook on the Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 29 May Deer the 15th pup of 1978 is a pusilla, mudded down between tussocks by the end of the airstrip. It responded to my approach by giving an alarm call, suggesting it may be localized already. There were no pups at this spot until this a.m. Throughout the rest of the day I continued to see pusilla on any number of bare spots between camp and transect 11. Small flocks of pups also flew by. Very little display activity, although I did hear the beginning of a motorboat call. 30 May pusilla conspicuously absent today. By 1630 I have seen none, nor heard any. 1730 & suddenly appeared singing on runway. At 1830 I walked to Atkasook (see journal) found 10-15 pusilla by town, including a small number (4) displaying in the air and chasing. 31 May pusilla still not conspicuous by camp. Display activity continues near town Barrow, N. Slope Borough, Alaska. pusilla scattered in flocks along roads where snow has melted. At least 258 chasing, on Grid 1, briefly around #2100. 1 June no display activity. None away from roads 2 June pusilla seen only by roads. One displaying briefly at POW WHITE 3 June same as 2 June 5 June pusilla have moved onto the tundra, largely in flocks, since yesterday afternoon when McCaffrey & I perved the tundra. On the 4th there were pusilla displaying all day along both creek to the falls, along they are there as well as on Coastline Ridge. & heavily in flight, chasing one another, devices of 3-4 circling high + low over the tundra, parties of 3 instantly, fervently pursuing over distances exceeding 200m. & in intense tail up display to 90°, occasionally erecting wings. Watched one & in flight call- motorboat song - alternately hovering + gliding not opening wings more than shown in diagram, body slightly tilted, tail fanned, feet up against the tail (not dangling). After motorboating for variable duration often > 1 min they glide down in V wing posture, frequently silent but occasional giving call somewhat like Dunlin

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S Phrygus 1978 Calidavis puilla Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 5 June (Cont'd) falling call but more rolling - see Tape Log of D 1978-2, near end. Atkasook on the Ucide, W. Slope Borough, AK 17 June see JOVENGE Atkasook Meadle River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 2 July Stuart Johnston today caught a banded C. puilla on a net at on Transect 8 today. USFWS # 1201 03777 ; 2 orange bands, both on the left leg.

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J.P. Myers 1978 Calidris alpina 4 Teasook on the Meade River, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 28 May & together at 1400 hrs flying up wind (NE). The year's 1st. 29 May beaucoup de redback sandpipers today. Flying mostly ENE, @ 2-3 ft off the tundra, I've seen 20-30, including several small flocks numbering up to 8 flock. Display heard in 2 separate areas (classic Dunlin flight display, the frog) 30 May movement of alpina continuing today. Also display activity + chowing, which appears to have concentrated in vicinity of airstrip. Nevertheless many of the birds that appear [illegible] remain only momentarily. Flight direction strongly to E, some N. The net movement is clearest in alpina of all the shorebirds, and approaches the consisting of Stictracris pomarinus. p.m. (7,51) by the Village of Atkasook large flock (66 alpina) foraging in sand dominated ridge top and back ridge habitat with Carex bigelowii partially buried under wind blown sand downwind from a large riverbank blowout. no aggregation in flock, birds foraging continuously. Another flock just north of town in an LCP system also overblown by sand. There are the few areas where snow cover is down to 0%. 1230 - flock of alpina still present in same area. IBP road, Barrow, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 2030 - flock of 35 alpina foraging just to right of beginning of T9, in a 50m patch of cleared ground. Another flock w along the road when it rises over the Beach Ridge. Lechea scam over BBPlot #1 (6802). 2 smaller flocks out [illegible] toward central section of T9 foraging on cleared LCP system. POUR MAIN - Barrow 1930 - flock of 20+ alpina foraging in the one opened pool out here. 1 June 20 Transects 1, 3, 7, 6 - Gaskin Ridge ran transects this pm, and in 242 hrs observed no alpina on the tundra away from the road. They are still in situs described on 31 May. 2 June very few Dunlin visible anywhere around Barrow. Temp in low 20's (see journal). All in flock. 3 June alpina continues to flock. If anything this is even more pronounced now. Flock sites

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JPMYERS 1978 Calidris alpina Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 3 June (cont'd) still as 31 May. Also found several flocks running 10-30 birds/flock in an area south of the Waly Post Memorial Airport in town. No display activity. I am impressed by the alpina behavior this year - they are remaining in obvious flocks after arriving far longer than I have ever seen them do. See journal. 4 June p.m. walking w/ McCaffrey on 6010 2. Dunlin actively displaying along Notta Creek. sampling transects found Dunlin distributed widely over Gasline Ridge in active display. they are ranging widely, chasing very far off their territories. Watching individuals I see them more several hundred meters in one direction in a chase with 2 or 3 others. But pairs obviously formed: individuals remaining together, foraging or acting quickly together for 20-30 minutes before one flies off in display. In a number of long distance chases I observed that one, the chaser, was conspicuously changing its feet (yet still flying in chase!). This was the bird that would call, then veer off from the chase in a V during display not until the precreal sandpiper border flash. BF tangling on the ground in border disputes - crouching with heads lowered, backs black streaked, posing tensely a few inches from combatant. Atikaroot on the Mekade, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 17 June see Journal

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JPMyers 1978 Calidris bairdii At Kasook, Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 30 May Dave Shuford + Stuart Johnston found 1st bairdii by Atkasook village this afternoon. During the evening I walked them + also saw one, foraging amidst alpine on a sandy knoll. No hint of display. 31 May Single bairdii still present at Atkasook. Barrow, Alaska 10+ bairdii by road system around NAW, most on the south side of the road between the NAW airport and POWMAIN. Some aerial chasing + vocal display. 2130 one on Grin 1, foraging and gave one flight display. 3 June bairdii still only by road system. 5 June bairdii actively displaying on Baseline Ridge. 2 pairs seen - one on T6 (and probably later across the slough) with 8+9 feeding quickly together. The other on T7 in the middle of 6E104. 8 displaying to 9 in this pair - tail up, wing up + down, then 9 approaching. 8 entering nest cup. 9 + quickly exiting. 9 entering + as 8 displayed inside (tail up, wing up / down) 9 worked on nest cup. 6 June obtained additional tape of bairdii, although not 1st rate quality. Most all of a 8 some 50-60 m up in the air hovering + gliding continuously, alternating between frog call and continuous wattle. See tape log (1978-3).

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Trying to subarctic NARL, Barrow, N Slope Borough, Alaska 20 June 1 J flying over T9 today. It landed on the lawlands+ gave a cup display plus a few wing ups. It then flew on. A few minutes later I saw another (or the same one more likely) fly back toward the rim over which T9 plunges by (7,0), landing on the bluff E of the transect

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J.P. Myers 1978 Phalaropus fulicarius Attacked on the Wlade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 29 May 2 Ph. fulicarii, at 0900 flying SE over the tundra. Looked like F. g. to me, definitely at least 1p. But too far to tell for sure about the #F. 30 May 1 & at 100. By evening seeing small flocks regularly. Heard bray call on 2 separate occasions Barrow, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 31 May 2130 one flying over gasline road. 5 June Ward several fulicarii today, as during (last several days). Not moving on to tundra yet. Atkaook on the Wlade, Alaska 17 June See journal

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JP Myers 1978 Stercorarius pomarinus At Kasook at Meade River, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 28 May One flock of 7 light phase S. pomarinus flying N over the hundred at 1400 hrs. The first of the year. Evening, Stuart Johnston reports a flock of 25-30 29 May One flock 8 pomarine headed SE. 30 May Large flocks of jaegers moving by to East today, up to 20/flock. Also many individuals. Light phase outnumber dark phase 1:20:1. Barrow, N. Slope Borough, AK 2 June 8 in flock should N part POW MAIN. First of year over camp or tundra. 4 June Major flight of pomarine today, detected by us south of town. They are settling up to tailors there (1130 am). Many flying over. Run around Carolin, territorial activity subdued. 5 June 0400 territorial residents on Gellis 1. Territorial birds all around on tundra, especially near South Bladder Lake. Very loud + conspicuous vocalization (see tape log 1978-2). B+g in clippings together on tundra grounds, posing side by side with wings out and back [illegible] 15 June FAT cursed Stercorarius pom today along Caroline Ridge. His findings confirm my feeling that territories are very large, exceeding 750 m in their longest dimension. He felt that several pairs of T lacked mates even though they were defending territories. One of these cases was disproven, however, when McCaffrey found the nest with one egg. The records of jaegers (observed on Grid 3 egg 8 days ago (up to 7 perched on a single HCP, all fighting over one hatching) has disappeared. SEXING JAEGER: according to FAT TOT have longer central retrices, a cleaner vent, and whiter breast: In general if you can look at both members of the pair, scoring is no problem 20 June Pitka observed today that there are many unsettled pomarine soaring through, something not ordinary

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JPMycus 1978 Barns hyperboreus Atkasook at Meade River, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 26 May (15,36) on Meade grid — even though all lakes are frozen solid and the tundra is >90% snow covered, harus h. are sitting on their nesting sites. Last year 2 presented in the labu by 15,36 on 2 separate islands. Today at 080915 there were 2 pairs, one on each site, and they both reacted strongly to Dave's passing by on TG, almost mobbing him — their typical behavior when we approach during the breeding season (10,35) — another lake basin which last year had 2+ pairs. Today there were 2 individuals perched, one on each nesting site. 27 May (10,35) There are actually 2 pairs here today, both sitting on old nest sites from last year, unwittingly the same birds as last year or how would they recognize the sites as nesting positions? They are frozen solid. ♂+♀ separable by size dimorphism 29 May I checked out one of the sites by 15,36 today. It is an old island — the mosses + grasses have all been torn up. There is a slight depression rimmed with moss, and water filled. 17 June (10,35) — 3 nests active, the 2 I detected plus one other. Eider’s Gulls down here now each have 2 eggs.

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JPMYERS 1978 Calcarius lapponicus Atkasook, Muddy River, N. Slope, AK 22 May 48 and 29 by camp, foraging near bluff in melted area. 23 May Flocks of 8s on several areas cleared of snow. ~10 8s by airstrip, another 20 or so (16-17, 40-41) - see coordinate map. Absolutely no sign of display. 25 May Heard singing 8s out by the end of TII. Three guys were moving about in a flak, however 26 May Flocking longspur 8s along T5 on the ridge. Several birds occasional in flight song chasing. 27 May 18 singing by camp. 9s still very unusual. 29 May See journal. Today was Longspur Arrival Day. We are inundated any migrating longspurs. In 45 min from 0545 to 0630 (good weather airstrip) at least 50 if not 100 birds came past me headed ESE. 9s common now. 8s beginning to display + chase regularly. There is a longspur on most haul patches now, and 10 more in the air between them. 30 May 8 carrying nesting material Barrow, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 31 May evening - 8s displaying over grid 1+2, T5. Not many, however. A few 9s also seen. 3 June Although to date I have found 8s on the tundra, particularly the warm evening of 31 May, by far most are flocking in clear areas by the road + have yet to move on to breeding sites 5 June 8s + 9s on tundra, carrying nesting material. 6 June 1 nest cup almost complete. 13 June 2 clutches w/ 6 eggs. 8s in flight display on grid 3. Floaters conspicuous. They flit low over the ground, fruitlessly slipping in + out of tundra, even as the resident displays. Watched one go from between 3 tundras + be chased by residents. They are occasionally quite persistent. In fact it looks as if the period of multi-8 groups w/9s may be beginning. Watched 2 8s w/1 9 remain together for 15 min. One 8 occasionally chased often. One floater moved between tundras by slipping through polygon trough system, below top of polygons

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SP Myers 1978 Nyctea scandiaca Barrow, N. Slope Borough, Alaska 31 May scanning horizon from Garline Road found 8 Nyctea including 3 displaying f (flight and Dracula-display with Lemmus in bill) and one & looking as if on nest. 1 June 2 nests - one with 2 eggs one with 3. 3 June 3rd nest observed (♂ carrying Lemmus to ♀ in butterfly flight, ♀ obviously incubating) but too far away to be confirmed. 5 June 2 insects now have 1 more egg apiece 15 June NS 1 w/ [illegible] eggs; NS 2 w/7. for precise laying schedule so phenology notes

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0930 300m below FAA Bldg. nr. Volta Creek. Dowitcher 19 AUG 1976 BJ McCaffrey 35-50% pebbles, 3-5 mm dia 45-50% Fiber - vegetable? 5-10% bits of chiton - elytra - leg segment. Bits of twig 19 AUG 1978 Volta Creek 300m below FAA. 20% Pebbles, various sizes 1-5m. Fibrous material Piece of lichen [illegible] insect larvae - coleopter? 8-12 Other insect larvae - diptera? Fragment of sclerotized material - coleopter? 19 AUG 1978 Grid A 9000 hrs. 20% Pebbles. Fibrous material - much dit vegetable. ~8 fairly intact larvae - 2 very red. (ore) [illegible] sclerotized head.

Other fragments probably lense. Bloody feathers - from outside of stomach? A clod of fatty material. Identifiable moss branch. Fragment of tipulid abdomen Fragment of thorax, leg segment & abdomen of insect. mosquito Fragment of beetle elytra 19 Aug 76 Limnodromus s. juv. 2000 hr. ~50% pebbles Many fragments of insect larva skin (diptera?) Fibrous material - to chiton fragments? Bits of twigs - moss stems? Red lava

Lim nodroum sco. 19 Aug 78 300 m below RAX 0930 ~50% pebbles Fibrous material 40% - mostly unidentifiable Fragment of larval skin (dip tea?) Fragment of chiton. by used station 3 on T7 19 Aug 78 ~50% pebbles Fibrous material 20-25 skins of larvae some red (dip tea?) 5-10 Seeds. 5-10 Fragments of tough vegetable matter Fragment of seeds? Fibrous material includes numerous stem fragments - macrofossils? 19 Aug 78. 1130 Vote Creek 100m beyond FAX ~50% pebbles Fibrous material Fragment of chiton Pink pulpy material

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Pluvialis dominica 2 July 1978 ♀ Gardtie Ridge 15-20% pebbles 70-80% larvae - tipulid? Head of Adult tipulid 5% Carabidal Fragment Day glo pink paint chip Leg segments of adult tipulid Branching moss Tipulid wings

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JPMYERS 1978 DAILY LIST: BARROW, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 21 MAY 22 MAY 31 MAY P.M. 1 JUNE 2 JUNE A.M. 3 JUNE 4 JUNE 5 JUNE 6 JUNE 7 JUNE 8 JUNE Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Eranta bernicla Anas acuta 1 5 3 15 20 20 10 20 20+ Clangula hyemalis 300 Polysticta stelleri Somateria mollissima 1 100+ 100+ 100+ 20 100+ 10 50 S. spectabilis 100+ 100+ 10+ 50 100+ 10 50 S. fischeri Charadrius semipalmatus 2 1 2 1 2 1 Pluvialis dominica 2 1 2 10 5 5 1 3 10 Arctaria interpres 3 5 5 5 50+ 20 5 2 2 5 5 Calidris melanotos 3 3 3 10 10 20 5 10 30 C. fuscicollis C. bairdii 10 2 4 10 10 15 5 10 5 4 C. alpina 70 20 10 100+ 50 15 3 15 5 20 C. alba 3 4 15 3 15 5 C. pusilla 20 5 5 15 20 20 10 3 10 10 C. tauri Tringa subruficollis Larus scolopaceus 2 Phalaropus fulicarius 1 1 2 2 2 P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus 8 30 30 20 15 15 S. pomarinus S. longicaudus Larus hyperboreus 500+ 500+ 500+ 300+ 200+ 300+ 100+ 100+ 5 100+ 100+ Rissa tridactyla Aegea spilina 1 Sterna paradisaea Cephus rufus 25 Nyctea scandiaca 8 4 2 606 93 8 4 5 2 Asio flammeus 1 5 Passerculus sandwichensis 2 2 3 2 3 2 Calcarius lapponicus 1 40 20 20 30 50+ 50+ 50+ 2 50+ 50+ Plectrophenax nivalis 10+ 10+ 25 20 10 20 20+ 15 10 4 4 6 BONUS BIRDS Ixoreus naevius 1 1 3 4 Molotilla flava 3 1 1 1 1 1 Anthus spinoletta 2 Zonotrichia leucophrys 1 1 2 Dendroica coronata Petrochelidon pyrrhonota 2 Anas altifrons Acantius harteri 10 5 10 5 5 5 Acanthis flammea type 2 Mirunda rustica Spizella arborea 1 1 2 Junco hyemalis 1 Anas crecca (scolopacea) 4 3 Calidris canus 2 Skeloides roticollis - ? 1 Riparia riparia 1 Micropelema himantopus 1 2 Capilla gallinago Passerella iliaca 1-1- 1- 1- Tringa flavipes 4 3 1 Calidris roficollis 1 Pluvialis squatarola 1 Charadrius vociferus Hypocichla ustulata 1 Evonymus carolinus M. americanus 50 sp. seen by total group. the Big Day! Collected

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JP MAYER 1978 DAILY LIST: BARROW, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 11 JUNE 12 JUNE 13 JUNE 14 JUNE 15 JUNE 16 JUNE PARTLY 0-10M 18 JUNE 19 JUNE 20 JUNE 21 JUNE 24 JUNE Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Branta bernicla Anas acuta Clangula hyemalis Polysticta stelleri Somateria mollissima S. spectabilis S. fischeri Charadrius semipalmatus Pluvialis dominica Arenaria interpres Calidris melanotos C. fuscicollis C. bairdii C. alpina C. alla C. pusilla C. mauri Tryngites subruficollis Linnadromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicarius P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus S. lonnicaudus Larus hyperboreus Rissa tridactyla Xema sabini Sterna paradisaea Ceppus triville Nyctea scandiaca Asio flammeus Passerculus sandwichensis Calcarius lapponicus Electrophonax nivalis BONUS BIRDS Hyocichla minima Alca torda Larus canus Triturus vulgaris Perisoreus canadensis

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JPPMEN 1978 DAILY LIST: BARROW, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 25 JUNE 26 JUNE 27 JUNE 28 JUNE 29 30 2 JULY Gavia arctica 2 2 2 1 4 5 2 G. stellata 1 1 1 1 2 2 G. adamsii 1 1 1 Branta bernicla 3 30 Anas acuta 10 10 5 1 10 10 10 Clangula hyemalis 5 1 4 40 5 Polysticta stelleri 8 10 4 5 10 10 Somateria mollissima 20 S. spectabilis 5 S. fischeri 1 1 Charadrius semipalmatus 1 1 1 1 1 Fluvialis dominica 10 5 5 5 10 10 30 Arenaria interpres 2 2 2 5 2 5 2 Calidris melanotos 25 30+ 10 15 30 50 50+ C. fuscicollis 1 C. baicali 3 10 5 2 5 8 5 C. albina 20 30+ 20 20 20 20 20+ C. pusilla 20 10 10 15 15 10 15 C. mauri 4 Tringa subruficollis 3 2 Limosindromus scolopaceus 4 3 7 10 15 1 Phalaropus fulicarius 25 25 10 20 30 60 20 P. lobatus 2 1 1 1 2 1 Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus 20 20 10 10 20 20 20 S. lonnicaudus 2 Larus hyperboreus 50+ 50+ 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ Rissa tridactyla Xema sabini Sterna paradisaea 2 Cepphus tulle Nyctea scandiaca 5 5 6 6 6 6 Asio flammeus Passerculus sandwichensis 2 1 1 2 1 1 Calidris japonicus 30+ 30+ 20+ 20+ 20+ 20+ Plectrophenax nivalis 5 10 10 10 10 10 BONUS BIRDS Larus schistisagus 1 1 1 1 1 Ixoreus naevius 1 1 1 1 1 Calidris ferruginea 5 5 5 5 5 5 Arenaria sp. Pholidota squatarola 1 Calidris camphus 2 Gros canadensis 2 Perisoreus canadensis 2 - pair!!

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JPMyers 1978 DAILY LIST: ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 22 MAY 23 MAY 24 MAY 25 MAY 26 MAY 27 MAY 28 MAY 29 MAY 30 MAY 31 MAY A.M. 9 JUNE 10 JUNE 16 JUNE Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Olor columbianus Anser albifrons Anas platyrhynchos A. acuta A. crecca carolinensis Clangula hyemalis Somateria spectabilis Lagopus lagopus L. mutus Pluvialis dominica P. squatarola Arenaria interpres Calidris melanotos C. alpina C. mauri C. pusilla Tryngites subruficollis Limnodromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicarius P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus S. longicaudus Larus hyperboreus Sternaparadisaea Nyctea scandiaca Asio flammeus Motacilla flava Passerculus sandwichensis Zonotrichia leucophrys Calcarius lapponicus Acanthis sp. Plectrophenax nivalis BONUS BIRDS Branta bernicla nigricans Limosina layenica Anas americana Xema sabini Iridoprocne bicolor Microbalama himantopus Calidris lairdi Buteo lagopus Falco sparverius Spinus arboris Somateria fischori Rangifer Vulpes LUMM

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JPM Myers 1978 DAILY LIST: ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 17 June T6-10 22 Sun July 29 Aug 30 Aug Gavia arctica 10 3 5 10 10 G. stellata 3 2 4 5 G. adamsii 4 13 Olor columbianus Anser albifrons 2 10 25 5 Anas platvrhynchos A. acuta 5 2 5 A. crecca carolinensis Clangula hyemalis 20 5 1 Somateria spectabilis 4 2 Lagopus lagopus 20+ 5 10 25 80+ L. mutus 2 2 4 5 Pluvialis dominica 15 1 10 2 1 P. squatarola 15 2 5 2 3 Arenaria interpres 4 2 Calidris melanotos 10 1 5 8 C. alpina 20 2 10 5 0 C. mauri 20 2 5 0 0 C. pusilla 15 1 13 0 0 Tryngites subruficollis 5 Limnodromus scolopaceus 5 1 5 1 Phalaropus fulicarius 10 1 10 P. lobatus 20 2 5 2 1 Stercorarius parasiticus 10 2 5 2 S. pomarinus 4 S. longicaudus 2 1 5 1 2 Larus hyperboreus 19 4 5 10 10 13 Sterna paradisaea 5 1 2 3 2 Nyctea scandiaca 1 Asio flammeus 1 Motacilla flava 10 5 10 Passerculus sandwichensis 4 2 10 2 Zonotrichia leucophrys 8 2 10 1 2 Calcarius lapponicus 50+ 20+ 20+ 20 80 Acanthis sp. 10+ 5 10 2 Plectrophenax nivalis 2 2 5 2 BONUS BIRDS Mergus serrator 4 Aquila chrysaetos 1 Antilope manla 8 Luscinia svecica 1-oh out Calidris baili 2

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1978 CAMP DAILY LIST: ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 22 May 23 May 24 May 25 May 26 May 27 May 28 May 29 May 30 May 31 May 1 June 2 June 3 June Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Olor columbianus Anser albifrons Anas platyrhynchos A. acuta A. crecca carolinensis Clangula hyemalis Somateria spectabilis Larus laropus L. mutus Pluvialis dominica P. squatarola Arenaria interpres Calidris melanotos C. alpina C. mauri C. pusilla Tryngites subruficollis Limnodromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicarius P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus S. longicaudus Larus hyperboreus Sterna paradisaea Nycticera scandiaca Asio flammeus Motacilla flava Passerculus sandwichensis Zonotrichia leucophrys Calcarius lapponicus Acanthis sp. Plectrophenax nivalis BONUS BIRDS 4 8 7 9 8 9 13 31 36 35 30 27 37 Nelson's Sandpiper Branta bernicla hutchinsii Turdus migratorius Luscinia svecica Xema sabini Speida atroca cMicroptalama himantopus Mictopone lacot Anas americana CARVUS CORAX Buteo lagopus Salicola grisea Falco spennicus Branta canadensis Aythya marila Numenius phaeopus Chen hyperboreus

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1978 Camp list DAILY LIST: ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 4June 5June 6June 7June 8June 9June 10June 11June 12June 13June 14June 15June 16June Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Olor columbianus Anser albifrons Anas platyrhynchos A. acuta A. crecca carolinensis Clangula hyemalis Somateria spectabilis Lagopus lagopus L. mutus Pluvialis dominica P. squarrosa Arenaria interpres Calidris melanotos C. alpina C. mauri C. pusilla Tryngites subruficollis Limnodromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicarius P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus S. longicaudus Larus hyperboreus Sterna paradisaea Nyctea scandiaca Asio flammeus Motacilla flava Passerculus sandwichensis Zonotrichia leucophrys Calcarius lapponicus Acanthis sp. Plectrophenax nivalis BONUS BIRDS Nelson's Sandpiper Branta bernicla nigricans Turdus migratorius Limosa lapponica Luscinia svecica Xema sabini Spizella arborea Micropalama himantopus Tridopaceae bicolor Anas americana Corvus corax Buteo lagopus Calidris bailii Falco sparverius Branta canadensis Autha marila Numenius phaeopus Chen hyperboreus Anas clypeata Somateria fischeri Acanthis flammea Oenanthe oenanthe. Corvus canadensis Capella gallinago

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1978 camp list DAILY LIST: ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 June June Jun Jun June June June June June June June June June Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Olor columbianus Anser albifrons Anas platyrhynchos A. acuta A. crecca carolinensis Clangula hyemalis Somateria spectabilis Laropus lagopus L. rutus Pluvialis dominica P. squatarola Arenaria interpres Calidris melanotos C. alpina C. mauri C. pusilla Tryngites subruficollis Limnodromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicarius P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus S. longicaudus Larus hyperboreus Sterna paradisaea Nyctea scandiaca Asio flammeus Motacilla flava Passerculus sandwichensis Zonotrichia leucophrys Calcarius lapponicus Acanthis sp. Flectrophena nivalis BONUS BIRDS Mergus serrator Agulla chrysaetos Arctia marila Circus cyaneus Circus cyaneus Xema Sabini Calidris bairdi Numenius phaeopus Hirundo rustica

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1978 camp list DAILY LIST: ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 30 Jun 1 Jun 2 July 3 July 4 July 5 July 6 July 7 July 8 July 9 July 10 July 11 July 12 July Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Olor columbianus Anser albifrons Aras platyrhynchos A. acuta A. crecca carolinensis Clangula hyemalis Somateria spectabilis Lagopus lagopus L. mutus Pluvialis dominica P. squatarola Arenaria interpres Calidris melanotos C. alpina C. mauri C. pusilla Tryngites subruficollis Limnodromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicarius P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus S. longicaudus Larus hyperboreus Sterna paradisaea Nyctea scandiaca Asio flammeus Motacilla flava Passerculus sandwichensis Zonotrichia leucophrys Calcarius lapponicus Acanthis sp. Plectrophenax nivalis BONUS BIRDS Mergus serrator Aythya marila [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] Circus cyaneus

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1978 camp list DAILY LIST: ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 14 July 15 July 16 July 17 July 19 July 20 July 21 July 22 July 23 July 24 July 25 July 26 July 27 July 29 July 30 July 31 July 1 Aug 2 Aug 3 Aug 4 Aug 5 Aug 6 Aug 7 Aug 8 Aug 9 Aug 10 Aug Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Olor columbianus Anser albifrons Anas platyrhynchos A. acuta A. crecca carolinensis Clangula hyemalis Semateria spectabilis Lagopus lagopus L. mutus Pluvialis dominica P. squatarola Arenaria interpres Calidris melanotos C. alpina C. mauri C. pusilla Tinngites sturuficollis Limnodromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicarius P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus S. longicaudus Larus hyperboreus Sterna paradisaea Nyctea scandiaca Asio flammeus Motacilla flava Passerellus sandwichensis Zonotrichia leucophrys Calcarius lapponicus Acanthis sp. Plectrophenax nivalis BONUS BIRDS Xema Sabini Tuscania suterica Falco rusticolus Sanderina fisher Corvus corax Godwit sp. Calidris bairdi Capella gallinago Mergus serrator Aythya marila Numenius phaeopus Aquila chrysaetos

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1978 camp list DAILY LIST: ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 25 Aug 26 Aug 27 Aug 29 Aug 30 Aug Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Olor columbianus Anser albifrons Anas platvrhynchos A. acuta A. crecca carolinensis Clangula hyemalis Somateria spectabilis Lagopus lagopus L. mutus Pluvialis dominica P. squatarola Arenaria interpres Calidris melanotos C. alpina C. mauri C. pusilla Tryngites subruficollis Limnodromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicarius P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus S. longicaudus Larus hyperboreus Sterna paradisaea Nyctea scandiaca Asio flammeus Motacilla flava Passerculus sandwichensis Zonotrichia leucophrys Calcarius lapponicus Acanthis sp. Plectrophenax nivalis BONUS BIRDS Alitha marila Numenius phaeopus Calidris bairdi

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1978 Camp list DAILY LIST: ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 11 Aug. 12 Aug. 13 Aug. 14 Aug. 15 Aug. 16 Aug. 17 Aug. 18 Aug. 19 AUG 20 Aug. 21 Aug. 23 Aug. 24 AUG Gavia arctica X X X X X X X X X X X X X G. stellata X X X X X X X X X X X X X G. adamsii X X X X X X X X X X X X X Olor columbianus Anser albifrons X X X X X X X X X X X X X Anas platyrhynchos A. acuta X X X X X X X X X X X X X A. crecca carolinensis X X X X X X X X X X X X X Clangula hyemalis X X X X X X X X X X X X X Somateria spectabilis X X X X X X X X X X X X X Lagopus lagopus X X X X X X X X X X X X X L. mutus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Pluvialis dominica X X X X X X X X X X X X X P. squatarola X X X X X X X X X X X X X Arenaria interpres X X X X X X X X X X X X X Calidris melanotos X X X X X X X X X X X X X C. alpina X X X X X X X X X X X X X C. mauri X X X X X X X X X X X X X C. pusilla X X X X X X X X X X X X X Tryngites subruficollis X X X X X X X X X X X X X Limnodromus scolopaceus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Phalaropus fulicarius X X X X X X X X X X X X X P. lobatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Stercorarius parasiticus X X X X X X X X X X X X X S. pomarinus X X X X X X X X X X X X X S. longicaudus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Larus hyperboreus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Sterna paradisaea X X X X X X X X X X X X X Nycticorax scandiaca X X X X X X X X X X X X X Asio flammeus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Motacilla flava X X X X X X X X X X X X X Passerculus sandwichensis X X X X X X X X X X X X X Zonotrichia leucophrys X X X X X X X X X X X X X Calcarius lapponicus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Acanthis sp. X X X X X X X X X X X X X Plectrophenax nivalis X X X X X X X X X X X X X BONUS BIRDS Philomachus pugnax X Xema sabini X Aquila chrysaetos X X X X X X X X X X X X X Somateria Piscari peep Muscisca suecica suecica Circus cyaneus X X X X X X X X X X X X X Falco rusticolus X X X X X X X X X X X X X

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Myers, J. P. 1978 - 1980 Alaska 1979: Journal Daily Lists

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JPMyers 1979 Journal NARL, Barrow, Alaska 5 June Arrived Barrow 1630 via Wien Air after leaving San Francisco airport at 0730. Even with the change in time zones that is only 11 hours time, of which at least 3 were spent on the ground. Alan - what would HS Swarth have thought of the way we have reduced arctic trips to trivial one day jaunts? On the other hand, we obtain an unusual perspective because the contrast in area, weather, and in birds and people is so stark. A Berkeley yesterday hit 15°C at least. Today Barrow is hovering around 0°C with a 17mph wind from the cast. Walking home from the Life Science Bldg yesterday I had to walk around a family of juncos and dodge the brown bitches littering my path. Today I saw 2 birds between the airport and the lab. Admittedly there are more (many more) around - but the comparison is bleak. Snow melt is far along - locally approaching 80-90%, although in some areas it is still 90% cover. There is a large lead a km off shore. McCarthy says the main melt occurred 31 May and that even before them (26 May) there were stormbirds about. Display activity on the part of all species has been prominent since 31 May. Late dinner with McCarthy, Chris Swarth, and Steve Gelman (my assistants at Barrow this year) + renewed several acquaintances in the mess hall. Tiny & Bill Purley were still there occupying vast volumes of airspace with their enormous belkas - although they have lost weight this winter. Andy the foreman of the gas well is still around. But some things no change: 2 F & M boys worked in the working room. After dinner I 3-wheeled out to POW-MAIW. Not one Tundid! Not one funny cumbazine! No flashy unexpected showchirids! You dork! A white-rumped sandpiper won the only prize. Semicolum are well endearing in their territorial maneuvering, the braids are displaying + the pre-oral males are chasing each other. Heard no loot.

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JPMycos 1979 Journal Atkasook, Mead River, North Slope Borough, Alaska - sea mag opposite 6 June 10 am flew to the Mead River camp via NARL Cessna 180. Strong wind continued from yesterday blowing all arm, thin layer with a heavy cloud cover. My flight down was uneventful. No snowy owls, a few pomarine jaegers. Jules Everso was at the airstrip when we arrived. After a brief conversation then at camp we left for a buff-breasted sandpiper lek that Dave Shephard and Jules had found 2 days before. It is located near the far end of Transect 9 in the same area where displaying birds have been seen during the last two years, and also near where we have found young buffle every year. It took us 1.5 hrs to reach the site. Jules + Dave have already put in part of a grid. Jules continued working on that until 1600; he then went in. I remained watching buffle until 1900. See Tryngite species account. Often the action was hot and heavy on the lek. Weather improved throughout the day, clearing by 1300 and calming by 1500. It remained calm throughout. I reached camp by 2030. After 0.5 hrs I went out again, flew knee to the W end of the runway where a Luscinia svecica had been singing. Stopped it and other local beauties (see tape log). Bed by 2400 7 June Up at 0400 + left camp by 0515 to go to [illegible] buffle plot at (25, 42) for observation. The fog moved over camp at 0420, enveloping us in a thick envelope of dampness. Rather warm with no wind until the zephyrs started at 0600 or so. But I never picked up a cue had a gorgeous baling day within the fog disappearing by 0900. See buffle species account about the action out there. I remained on the grid [illegible] until 1730 + then returned to camp, driving around 1915. Argh what a day. Jules Everso worked on buffle with an all day, and Shephard + Chris Swarth came out around noon. 8 June A later morning, but again back to the buffle grid. Arrived there at 0830 with Swarth close behind. Little or no wind all day, few clouds in the morning frame in the afternoon. Warm + baling. 3°C at 0600. See Tryngite species account re events out there. 41 populations!

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JPMayers 1979 Journal 3 Ottakosk, Middle River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 9 June Worked on field notes during morning 4.2 at 0600. The Silver Salmon arrived with Terry Hall. We walked together out back to search Willow Creek beyond (west) of the runway. It was not in its usual haunt, so we walked up Willow Creek beyond, going as far as where Transmit 1 crosses the creek. He was singing; in fact he was initiating a & Calidris maritimus. See Luscinia sp. account. Hall + I watched for ~1/2 hr then returned to camp. Swarth + I left for the buffle (ele (25,41) at 1400. Clouds building along the SW horizon, a large thunderhead. We found another Luscinia curvata by Willow Creek (actually just west at (4,38)), looked to it mimic for 20 min, and then continued on. We remained at the buffle like until 2030. The thunderhead moved over us, showering briefly but dumping torrents of rain several miles distant. It then cleared, only to overcast ominously on the west by 2100. A strong wind whipped up as we walked in, gusting 25 mph+. We reached camp at 2130. On the buffle grid all went well. Shuford + Evans spent the morning out there + we picked up afternoon + evening. I banded one [illegible]. See sp account. 10 June 0700 left camp. 41.2°C at 0600. Cloudy, overcast. It has rained during the night. Swarth + I walked to the buffle like again, arriving at 0830. See Tryngite species account. Remained until 1500. Rained intermittently, wind blew strong. Temp not too cold, however. More extraordinary buffle observations. 11 June Westley storm blew in during the night. 2°C at 0630 Rain. Worked on field notes. Winds gusting over 30 mph, steady at 22 from W. The NAEI Cessna 180 came in to pick me up and flipped over on its back while taxing because of the strong gusts. No one was hurt.

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JPlayers 1977 Journal Barrow, NorthSlope Borough, Alaska 12 June 0900 began eacususing Grid 1 - 4th nostalgia. Foggy morning with a strong W wind blowing 6-15 mph. Temperature 31° @ 5 am. Snow cover to 1/4" after an evening of snowfall. The snow melted by 1000. 4elim on the grids begin hot and heavy as I stumbled on to a set of Calidius nucleator working out their territories. There seemed to be an intruding non-resident or intruder on the local ff. Otherwise it was an active but not spectacular day, with the temperature remaining down throughout. C. alpina are mostly on complete clutches, it appears, judging from the fact that they have begun to molt primaries. (Calidius lapponicus) are also well along, with 8-9 chasing & following ff in small groups of 2-3. C. bairdii & Pluvialis Dominica displayed throughout the day. A. Capella gallinago commound over the grid. According to Brian the one normal local wader that hasn't been seen yet is Gavia stellata. It may be too early, except all the appropriate ponds are melted. I saw no G.s today. 13 June On Grid 1 again eacususing. Weather classic Barrow except for the west wind: 31°F at 0500, foggy, light breeze. Periodically the fog teased us by lightening slightly, but between 0730 and 1500 it remained. Now at 2000 it has lifted considerably. Here is a run down of my perception of the status of various species Gavia sp - none of the three are here yet Anas acuta - up to 40/day, most flocks at least 10:1 8?2 Clangula hyemalis - scarce Polysticta stelleri - around but not as common as 1976 Somateria spectabilis - a few well bred locally Somateria fischeri el. Ho. Pluvialis dominica - exceedingly abundant. I have found 4 nests on grid 1, and there may be two more. On Grid 2

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JPLayers 1979 Journal 5 NARL, Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 13 June (cont'd) there are even more (33 ha and 36 ha respectively). In part years we have been lucky to have 2 on each grid. The high number here is particularly intriguing given their lower than usual density at Meade River. Arenaria guttata - normal density, 1-2/grid. Calidris melanotos - intermediate densities of grids 8 and 9. Lot much saw actively on Grid I, but transects reflect tremendous numbers in the very lowlands. C. foxiollis - more around this year than any year since I have arrived (1973). Displaying on grids I+2. C. bairdii - abundant - many more than usual on Grid I - up to 489 C. alpina - normal or slightly lower density. Wing molt already C. pusilla - normal of 5-7/grid Tryngita subbryiollis fine McCaffrey + Geldman they have a small fleck on grid 3. Probably 3 birds. Limnodromus scolopaceus - a few displaying birds Phalaropus fulicarius - low density as yet on the grids. Ph. lobatus - seen every day, probably breeding behind camp. Stercorarius parasiticus - rare but around. S. pomarinus - looking around everywhere in low density. McCaffrey saw the first breeding display today. I doubt many will breed. I have yet to see a dimming on the tundra this year at Barrow. 2 young and one adult were in camp this evening. Larus hyperboreus - the usual mass is at the dump. 71000. But I haven't looked there over. Nycticorax scandiacus - none around Aso flammeus - a few were around before I arrived.

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JPlayers 1979 Journal 6 NARL, Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 13 June (ent'y) Passerculus sandwichensis - Obsinging in a few swampy spots by With Creek and Pow-Wain. Not a hot year. Calcaris lepophus - one incredible year for longspurs. I have never seen them this dense. On Grid 1 it isn't that bad (2-3 more territoria than usual) but on Grids 2 and 3 they are double normal density - almost 1/ha. Acanthis flammea - only in camp. Plectrophenax nivalis - most abundant in camp but usual numbers elsewhere. 14 June I waited for NARL to get its act together almost all day. The pilots and the administration are fighting over bureaucratic power and not flying airplanes because of it. At 1000 they finally said they would fly today, leaving for Meade at 1300. I spent the next 2 hours in the field walking out gateway ridge. Weather was chilly, 31°, but no wind. Submergent fog. The morning walk allows me to append the above comments on a few species. Ploceidis dominica - spectacularly abundant, breeding even in the brush around Grid 4. Pairs are everywhere, and because they are so visible it is difficult to look through binoculars across the landscape without having a pair in your field of view. Calidris melanotos - definitely uncommon Calidris canutus - abundant throughout tundra highlands Stevoranius parvulus pomarinus - breeding out by South Meadow Lake. I saw a pair chasing a [illegible] fox

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J Pillipus 1979 Journal 7 At Kusook, Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 15 June Heeded out to Buffle Lek area (25,42) at 0615. Temp = 2° @ 0900, 3.5° @ 0600, 11° @ 1500. Wind 10-15 mph from East all day. Clouds began at 100% but cleared by mid morning. Then clouded over again with high cumulus throughout mid afternoon. I went through the breeding bird plot (circa 1938) on my way out, finding a hooting mule deer (?) in the process, and also a singing Luscinia on willow creek at (17,39) (au sp acant). The general objective for today's fieldwork was for the 4 of us (me, Shuford, Eveno, and Swarth) to search the loop for Tryngita. In the last 4 days traffic activity on the lek (see Tryngita spp account 10 June) has deteriorated from full intensity to virtually zip. While we did not go out on the 11th because of the storm, Shuford spent 1½ hrs out there on the 12th, and Swarth was out there 6 hrs on the 13 & 14 of June. Neither saw great shake - see Tryngita sp acant. Today we split up the dry ridge / sand dune region of the loop, each taking ~ ¼th of the area. We then searched back and forth over the cuture region looking for ???. See Tryngita sp account for results. - we found 5? and 1? (probable). No nests, no new leks. We searched 1.9 Km² or 190 ha in 3.5 hours (14 man hours) While the coverage was necessarily superficial, we are certain that there are no active leks. ?? could have been missed. While doing the survey we necessarily also learned a good deal about other bird spp using the area? See map in buffle spp account for area searched Habitat description - consolidated dunes now covered with dry lichen tundra and also some extensive dry Carex grasslands. No polygons. Along the river bank 200-300 m are unconsolidated dunes scattered with Salix and Elymus. Just behind the active dunes is a low wetland of Carex aquatilis, Dryas,

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JPMYERS 1979 Journal 8 The Loop, Atkasook, Nlecall River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 15 June (cont'd) Pyrola, and Aulocheniunium (moss). Saxifraga bicolorfolia is also on the shoof, and in a few places Salix pulchra becomes abundant. Salix reticulata is distributed throughout, as is Cassiope tetragona ponds + lakes - rattlesnake River sand bar active wetland ridge w/lichens WEST → more detailed For a description of the habitat from the patch wetland region see transect 9 description (Myers notes + data 1977). The birds using the area are quite limited in diversity: Pluvialis squatarola - the most evident shorebird. w/ (lux) down P. dominica - a few pairs Calidris alpina - common along the ridge + especially the slopes C. pusilla - abundant on the wetlands, just above them on the ridge slope, and on the backside of the ridge to the west beside all the ponds. They will forage in the ditches. C. melanotos - rare - saw me 8 today, although my eyes post 80 have occupied territories along the ridge. C. bairdii - heard one singing a few days ago Tryngites subflavicollis - occupying sites above the wetlands to the top of the ridge. They seem to prefer areas with sparse Bromus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Salix phyllophylla and Carex obnupta as the ground cover plus a smattering of taller Salix (both pulchra and glauca to 30 cm high). See Tryngites species account.

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JPMeyers 1979 Journal 9 The Loop, Affkusook, Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 15 June (cont'd) Limnodromus scolopaceus - a pair or two use the hanging ponds above the wetlands. Now down low. Arcticia interpres - 3 pairs use the ridge from the N to the S end of the Loop. They remain high on the ridge, never going low only to mob. It is impossible to drive them because they enjoy mobbing parasitic jaegers so. Gavia arctica - one pair on each of the larger lakes, probably 3 pairs. Huaus acuta - we've found a nest along the river and seen PA stalking. Not common Somateria spectabilis - a 2 was looking for a nest site on the buffle grid (25,42) Clangula hyemalis - one to two pairs on each of the lakes. Phalaropus lobatus - using the ponds in low number. Many fly over. Ph. fulicarius - I've not seen one on a winter body out here Asio flammeus - scarce, rarely fooling over the buffle grid Acanthis flammea - common along the river and the wetlands and also in the willows in the buffle lek. Acanthis is one of the few species that uses the dunes. Colaptes leucopis - abundant along the ridge. Use stabilized dunes. Buffle Lek (25,42) Meade River, Alaska 16 June 40 E at 0530. Left camp 0630 walked directly to buffle grid, arriving by 0830. Weather partly overcast though warm, with a damp east wind blowing. I remained on the loop until 1600. Just before I began to leave the weather started turning for the better. It rained a few drops around 1000. See Irrigatio account re specific details on day. Saw the banded C. pusilla that bred here last year (banded by Aric Spaans in Suisunam in 1976. We had trapped it last

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JPMyers 1979 Journal Buffie Lck (25,42) Madu River, Atkasook, Alaska 16 June (cont'd) year and reported the [illegible] # to USFWS. Of phenological interest - All phenology notes above: first chick of year, 2 Acanthis meets and 1 Calcarius. This data is ~10 and 5 days already last years first hatchling dates, respectively. 17 June Not an auspicious beginning: at 0300 an unkimo walked into our bunk-wannigan and began talking with us. As he offered us marijuana, I suspect he was Stoned from the onset. He simply walked in and began talking loudly to 5 sleeping men. We were too stupefied to react at first, hoping he was an apparition. But finally Chris Sworth spoke up - thinking it was a friend of Jules Evans - asking them to quiet down. I then encouraged him to leave by saying we had to work. He left, but eventually as far as the kitchen. So I got up and stayed with him until he left at 0400. Now strange: by the time I got to the kitchen he was trying to open a can of tuna fish. He did, and put it on rye bread only to discover that wasn't to his liking. So he scraped the tuna off to assemble an English muffin. That was better. He ate two of them. Throughout all of this he was talking incessantly. Turns out his name was Barry Akpik, and he works on the CETA program at NAKL. He's down here [illegible] for the weekend. We should be honored, I suppose, that the hottest place in town at 3am Sunday morning was our bunkhouse. After he left I made breakfast and worked on notes. Left for the field at 0630. Temp=4° at 0645. Moderate, wet E wind kept it damp and chilly. But the clouds rose higher than at 1100 they disappeared, leaving a sunny almost calm day with temperatures remaining near 10°C. I walked [illegible] to the

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JPMYERS 1979 JOURNAL Buffie Lek (25,42) AT Kasook, Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 17 June cont'd buffie lek, uniring them by 0745. About 20 minutes after I arrived a 8 Tryngito flew in and left immediately. It was not marked. I saw no other buffies until 1145. See Tryngito spicio account. Remained then until 1400 and came back in. Much to my dismay Chris Swarth was still in camp when I returned. NAREL failed to send a plane for him as promised. Barrow, Alaska 18 June After unforseeable delays with NAREL's flight depart I became impatient Pete and chartered a Cessna 207 from Cape Smythe Airways to pick Swarth and me up in Atkasook. They were there in less than hour after we decided to report them. That's service. Returning to NAREL I found McCaffrey and Gellman in good spirits, though tired. We took care of various administration chores until 1130, ate lunch, and were on the fundra lay (200). I censored 6x10 L. Weather - miserable. 25 mph E wind with occasional rain drops, low clouds, 32-33° F. Remained in the field until 1700. The grid had not been worked since I went to Meade River, and it needed a lot. Eunclastus activity interesting - see spicio account. Baird's skip are very dense out on the grid. Even though one nest was completed by 13 June, today it appears that at least 3 pairs have yet to complete clutching. 19 June Morn of 6x10 L, snow of strong ENE wind, cold + clouds. Cut from 0730-1130, 1330-1700. I filled out the details on grid note numbers of several species, and am having to revise estimates upward, especially for C. pusilla (10 territories) C. alpina (6), and Pluvialis dominica (6). Few due to this year. Today I saw the first Polysticta pair on the grid (fly

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J P Myers 1979 Journal GRID 1, NARL, Barrow, Alaska 19 June (confld) have been seen elsewhere often) and there is a localized 8 Anas acuta but I have yet to see the 2. Ranunculus niveus is blooming commonly over the tetrach flat center polygon 20 June The wind is abating. Temperature 31°F at 0600. High fog billowing off the ice - first dark gray and ooging dull, then translucent white with the sun teasing through, but only momentarily. On Grid 1 0730-1400, also grid 2. Activity as during last 2 days. But pockets I haven't commented on our local Gallinago gallinago, winnowing in 3 places at least. Today a 8 alternated unwound afternoons and perched, cacking, on top of a telephone pole across the road from grid 1. The display flight carried him well out over Grid 1 throughout the morning. 2 pairs of C. alpina nest cupping. 21 June GRID 4, NARL, Barrow, Alaska 0700 on an utterly calm day, high clouds, temp ~34°F. One of those rare days at Barrow when sound recording conditions are ideal. I pounded, taking the equipment (shotgun microphone + Chen 4200 tape recorder) out to Grid 4. See the tape log for results (spectacular). Not only was it a clear perfect [Except for that because there was no E wind one could hear the sounds of Barrow, motor, radio etc] But further, Grid 4 was awash, replic, inundated, with Calidris melanotos. See sp. account. As I stood in one place on the grid it was not unusual to have 2-4 80' hooping within a 200 m radius circle. And as a result the tundra was good. Not only melanotos, - Limnodromus scolopaceus was also displaying, as were many Phalaropus fulicarius . Grid 4 is a place to behold two years. I wish we had censused it last year + this year, but time did not permit. I am impressed, though, by how localized the activity is. It is in the low center polygon and pond region SE of South Meadow Lake.

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JP Myers 1979 Journal Grid 4, NARL, Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 21 June (contd) The uplands are no better off than usual for mulemotor or fulicaries, although they are full of Pluvialis dominica and C. bairdii. Grid 1 has the usual complement of P. territoria, lower input than some years. Grid 2 is fairly high, but nowhere near the 1975 peak. I will summarize all this in 2 days when I travel to Berkeley + review the year. In addition to recording I also photographed mulemotor shoot sequences at 5 frames/sec on the Canon motor drive. iAh technology! While I dallied with these mothers McCaffrey, Gellman, and Saranita sought fulicarios nests, especially incomplete cleltches. These are supplementary to play with the question of determinant vs. indeterminant laying and intra-specific nest parasitism. So for we have supplemented 8 3 egg clutches. Of these, only two have laid an additional egg. I am amazed. But it may be due to our finding 3 egg clutches that are complete at fewer than the 4 egg norm. 22 June Went out to Grid 4 at 0530 for more typing, as the wretched weather continues. Temperature 35°F, foggy. It began well, with the Gallinago [illegible] that has set up shop by the Smithsonian cabling at our from atop a telephone pole. Then I stumbled onto a C. mulemotor copulation [marked by background motor] + a cooperative Passerellus sandwichensis ? And on my way to Grid 4 while passing through Baird Alley [an arm of Voith Slough] the C. bairdii put on an all vocal display. But Grid 4 was not the hooting center it had been on the previous day, so I got only a few boats plus some excellent of chain sequences. Finally heading back to the lab at 0800 a group of C. mauri dangled above me displaying on Gasline Ridge. I spent the rest of the day shuttling from Grid 1, where I censored, to NARL, where I did an administrative boogy boogy to get supplies to Meade River. That has been a hassled hassle. Following the demise of the Cessna 180 at Meade (see journal 11 June), the pilots

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JPMayers 1979 Journal NARL, Barrow, Alaska 22 June (cont'd) Have been maneuvering in a bitter fight with operations management. They have flown only once since (3 June - to take me back to Alaska). At first it was a blatant refusal, + for the last several days the chief pilot Larry Walls has been 'sick'. A classic work slowdown. All the science projects (all being not very many this year) are suffering. So I chartered a Cape Smythe flight for the afternoon of the 23rd. Back to the grid. Compared to what I have been seeing on Grid 4 these last few days this area is slow, at least for nulcaeter and folicaeus, barodit + Pluvialis, however all quite dense. I estimate ~0.2 territories/ha for Bairdii, and ~0.15 for Pluvialis. These data are all in our grid books. Both figures are the highest I've ever recorded, although little cleaner highs. See tomorrow's summary. 23 June This spring at NARL - the shorebird/passerine scene. Pluvialis dominica - see note in Journal of 14 June and 22 June. A high year for Pluvialis. They are an all habitat, uplands and lowlands. While we have not banded birds I will venture that there are quite a few floaters around also, including $. I suggest this because of the # of both sexes seen flying about, being chased out of territories, etc. Pluvialis are nesting abundantly even on Grid 4 - although the transect data may show some preference for uplands [the strong case for all previous years. Charadrius semipalmatus - A o' has been displaying regularly over the lab. Unfortunately, a construction company did in Britton Ponds, our usual Ch.s. breeding site. They put up a camp that deprives us of a guaranteed sighting every day. But they are around. Arrecaria cyanea - nothing unusual happening this year. There are the usual 2-3 pairs on Grids 1 and 2. Calidris melanotos - contradictory data, spectacularly so. In the 1st week

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JP Myers 1979 JOURNAL NARL, Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 23 June (cmt'd) transect totally reached levels unheard of for early june - "like melonotos / ha, with 8 + 9 equally abundant (in fact & slightly greater than 8). that is unusual, then in 5 day period #4 (10-14 June) there was a lull that continued through to last weeks. Finally during this current 5-day period (20-24 June) 88' shot up to .68/ha + 9 were on the .3's. That 8' density is screwy, because over the uplands densities aren't that high. It indicates either that there are non territorial birds being picked up (yes, says McCaffery) or the transects are yielding an inflated density. Whatever, it is quite a high + quite different from my previous years. 88 on Grid 4 are still behaving receptively to 88, and like butt-up. I saw 9 flights to NE beginning 18 June, + continuing through yesterday. C. elping - steady as they go. Transect density of .35-.55/ha. that is like previous years. Grid 1 density may be somewhat high, with up to 10 territorial elpings on the 33 ha plot. The breeding season is quite protracted. 2 pairs on Grid 1 must be reesting, as from the 18-20 they were doing nest cup displays. See phenology notes. C. bairdii - In the uplands, along the coast, on gravel areas, and on Grid 1 Baird's are very dense. 0.2 ha/territory, if my data are right on Grid 1. They are breeding late also. Even now most pairs on the grid have not finished laying. I can't help but feel that bairdii's spacing system is more variant than Pteika gives them credit for being. C. pusilla - as thick or thicker than usual on Grid 1. Also being found out in the lowlands more than usual. Find wood well come from the transects C mauri - While there was almost no sign of mauri throughout the 1st half of June, they are now all over Coastal Ridge + Transect B, displaying. The gang at Atkasook reports a mid June influx also.

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JPMayers 1979 Journal WAPC, North Slope Borough, Alaska 23 June cntd C. fuscicollis - the few that were around in early June have gone. C. alba " " " " " " " " " " Tryngites subruficollis - probably bred locally this year. See phenology book. But all display activity on Grid 3 (2887) has ceased. We see #1 one or two every day. Limnodromus scolopaceus - With at least 2 pairs using Grid 1, another 1 or 2 on Grid 2, and 3-4 on Grid 4, this place is popping with duvithers. Swarth saw a lot of p# pre-copulatory activity yesterday - see Phenology book. Cocolla gallinago - This is the surprise of the year. We have at least 5 males localized + displaying, and at least one has a mate: 8 locations: 1. Smithsonian Building - a regular that during the last week has been displaying >70% of his time we have been there. Cackling (see tape log, tape 4) and wrennowing. 2. Radio antenna at W corner of grid 2. I have heard #8 and #1 displaying simultaneously. 3. NAEI lab - a #8 wrennows regularly behind the lab. It's been here for 2 weeks at least (see phenology) Had a #4, may still. 4. POO . MAINE - #8 heard regularly there. 5. Town of Barrow. #8 wrennowing over town during afternoon of 21 June. #8 is sedentary. It is always there, + includes the corner of Grid 1 in his display flight. If the other #8's are site-specific as he, then we have at least 5 in the area. Phalaropus fulicarius - numbers are very high in the lowlands, but grids 1 & 2 don't boast anything special.

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JPMeyes 1979 Journal NARL, Barrow, Alaska 23 June (cont'd) Phalaropus fulicarius lobatus - more common than I have ever seen it here. While not approaching the abundance of the regular shorebirds, we see it every day, localised, obviously meeting throughout the area. 3-5 pairs use the Grid 1,2 area. At least 1-2 pairs are out by Grid 4. WATERFOWL - Gravia acutica - a pair is on S. Meadow Lake, as usual. Cairina stellata - they are here, cackling over the area. I was surprised however, that they arrived so late as they did given how early their ponds thawed. Anas acuta - small numbers breeding throughout. 1-2 in each area Grids 1 and 2. Polysticta stelleri - down, but present. 1 pair may nest on Grid 1. dillho for Grid 2. That compares with 7 from Grid 2 in 1976. Somateria spectabilis - a few breeding locally. As of June 21, we have begun seeing B' flights to nest Somateria fischeri - around hot secca. See phenology Clangula hyemalis - very few breeding locally. None on Grid 1. Phrygana (??) are non breeders in the slough, but few. Lemmings + Predators - Lemmus trimucronatus I see ~1 lemming/day in the field. Cutting in a few, very few, places is many. Almost no winter units. Almost no windrows of shorn grass along drainages. Ovso flammeus - nada Nyctea scandiaca - a few moving through. We see one every 3-5 days. They do not remain

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JPMayers 1979 Journal NATOL, Burney, Alaska 23 June (contd) Stercorarius pomarinus - At least 2 pairs have nests, both by South Meadow Lake. Now on grids 1 + 2. Stercorarius parasiticus - They are around, with a light + dark phase seen every day over grid 1. But I hear no breeding display, nor see any chicks. Arctic Fox - 1 pair on Votu Slough at usual site. Possibly another by Ulyik Slough Passerines Calcarius leucocercus - a true high arner much of the area, seen Territory signs ranging between 1-2 ha. Clutch sizes lower than last year, however - see nut records. Plectrophenax nivalis - nesting on its banks. Acanthus hernemannii - seen every day. 1 nesting on the Smithsonian Building stone pipe. Passerculus sandwichensis - Singing & scattered thinly in the usual place, e.g. by the Smithsonian Building and Pow-mah. I've seen describer more in previous years. GENERAL SUMMARY - All in all it is a very exciting year. Shorbirds + passerines in general are up, some greatly. None are down noticeably appreciably. Upland + lowland shorebirds have bloomed. I suspect this year's biomass data will be the highest we have ever recorded. But while shorebirds and passerines are up, luring predators and waterfowl are down. What does it all mean? For one, it reinforces my opinion that regional melt-off patterns are a driving variable. This year had a very warm spring, + the tundra was clear 5-10 days early. River breakups were early and almost whimperers compared to the violence of the last 2 years. The Isotherm Hypothesis - perhaps a critical stimulus point of the variation in density is due to variation among years in the timing of

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SPNayor, 1979 Journal NARE, Barrow, Alaska 23June (contd) migration in relation to the timing of melt off. Imagine a threshold % snow cover: when a bird reaches that % it settles. Then in early melt years birds would continue further (remember that Barrow + other near-1/2 boreal areas are delayed in melt compared to the tundra just 30 miles away). And they might pile up at Barrow. The degree to which this caused large variations in density would differ very among species, as affected by their philopatry, especially that of 1st year birds. But all that is hare- brained speculation.

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JPMyeos 1979 Luscinia svecica Willow Creek (8,40) Meade River Sound System, Atkasook, Alaskan 6 June 2200 hrs > walked to end of runway after learning from Shuford + Eeven that it had been singing there earlier. After 15 minutes I heard it soaring above Willow Creek: 30m Sings in falling descent {10m} slight path The ? also sang while perched on a twig or the ground. Their mimicry is positively astonishing. To begin, the ? I listened to does an incredible & Calidris melanotos churr, interspersing that note with others while rising to the apex before it falls. Overall the song sounds like a California thrasher [psychokinetic mimicry ?]. The ? sings beside the ?, or when she is on a nearby bush. Perched on the ground ? he flicks + fans his tail + puffs out the red spot on the blue throat. This male imitates: Pluvialis squatarola, Calidris melanotos, Stercorarius longicaudus, Motacilla flava Acanthis sp., and Calcarius lapponicus. The quality of its imitations are positively mind boggling. I taped a series when it gave at least the ? C. melanotos churr and a Pluvialis squatarola. 9 June 1200 found ? and ? Luscinia on Willow Creek again. Imitating same set of species. Good photos (15,39), Bluff beside Meade River, Atkasook 1430 found another with Chris Siwath. This one imitated Pluvialis squatarola and P. dominica (nest alarm display), ? Calidris melanotos, Motacilla flava, Acanthis sp., and Calcarius lapponicus

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JPHayes 1939 Luscinia svecica (17,39) Mendel River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 15 June found a ? Luscinia singing loudly at 0700 this am. Haunts as before, an willow near a creek. This + the first ? I found specialize in Saliypulchra. This ? did Pluvialis dominica, C. oculata?, Calcanicus lapponicus, Moluccella flava, Acanthio sp., and Sterna paradisaea. Dave heard the Paleo using Plectrophonay.

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JPMycers 1979 Calidris melanoto Grid 1, NARL, Barrow, North Slope Borough, Alaska 18 June When I was last on the plot (12 June) C melanoto was not very active - see journal. That has picked up somewhat, and seems to be (is) related to the passage of small flocks of 9 melanoto headed ENE steadily, flying low over the tundra. So we see this movement again. - saw at least 30 88 in singles or up to flocks of 6 flying 19 June C melanoto movement continues. It also looks as if there are quite a few unattached 88 looking about. 2 88 in Grid 1 [neighbors around (5,2)] are re-negotiating boundaries or one of them is currently himself into the array. One very striking display seen 3 times - the two 88 shown along the border + rise vertically to 75 m+ in the air. Incredibly similar to Tryngite tandem border high flight. 20 June all the activity around (5,2) has slowed down. At least 2 88 on grid 1 are messing with localized 88. But decent photos of a 88. 88 flights continue. Grid 4, NAKI, Barrow, Alaska 21 June So this is where they all are! See Journal, tape log. On grid -1 from 0730-71500 too tape + photographs melanoto. It is the biggest concentration of melanoto I have seen since 1975. Standing by the (8,3) station I can listen to 4 88 hooping within a 200 m radius. Each of them has 1-2 88. Activity is intense + constant. I estimate territory sizes here are <2 ha/territory. But the concentration is not area wide, as indicated by notes above from Grid 1. It picks up as you pass east over Caroline Ridge + get into the low central polygon/pond area by Transect 3 & Grid 4. It continues out over the Caves marsh through which Transect 9 runs, and goes out along Transect 10. It appears to be a

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SP Nyers 1979 (Calidris mullanotus) GROD 4, NAREL, Barrow, Alaska 21 June (emil!) a high of epic proportions only on the westerly of low, wet habitat. I cannot wait to see the transient habitat roots. 22 June 0615 at Smithsonian Bldg: copulation!! It began with P grace display, changing to culustor grace and accompanied them by rolling grace call. P behind Q, as very wing up then diving up, squawking horribly, waning his wings, racing + lowering his neck. Then he mounted. Squawking continually unabated as he hovered over her, trembling his back, wings fluttering. He hovered for ~1.5 minutes! I taped much of the action but was interfered by motors in the Barrow area. The P changed his tone just as copulation ended - he flew off.

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JPMYERS 1979 DAILY LIST: BARROW, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 5 Jun 12 Jun 13 Jun 16 Jun 19 Jun 20 Jun 21 Jun 22 Jun Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Branta bernicla Anas acuta Clangula hyemalis Polysticta stelleri Somateria mollissima S. spectabilis S. fischeri Charadrius semipalmatus Pluvialis dominica Arenaria interpres Calidris melanotos C. fuscicollis C. bairdii C. alpina C. alba C. pusilla C. mauri Tryngites subruficollis Limnodromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicarius P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus S. longicaudus Larus hyperboreus Rissa tridactyla Xema sabini Sterna paradisaea Ceppus grylle Nyctea scandiaca Asio flammeus Passerculus sandwichensis Calcarius lapponicus Plectrophenax nivalis BONUS BIRDS Paser albifrons Acanthis Capella gallinago Anthus rubescens RETURN TO BERKLEY

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DAILY LIST: ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 6 June 7 June 8 June 14 June 15 June 16 June 17 June Gavia arctica √ 10+ 24 2 10 10 15 G. stellata 10 1 2 2 G. adamsii √ 5+ Olor columbianus 20 m NwAt 22 Anser albifrons 4 2 1 3 15 5 2 Anas platyrhynchos A. acuta 20 5 10 25 25 2 2 A. crecca carolinensis 4 Clangula hyemalis 20+ 20+ 20+ 20+ 10 10 Somateria spectabilis 4 4 Lagopus lagopus 20+ 20+ 30+ 10 15 15 15 L. mutus 10 10 10 5 4 5 5 Pluvialis dominica 10 10 5 10 10 10 10 P. squatarola 30 25 20 10 20 20 20 Arenaria interpres 2 1 1 2 6 2 3 Calidris melanotos 20+ 20+ 10+ 2 10 10 5 C. alpina 20+ 20+ 20+ 5 20+ 20 20 C. mauri 5 5 2 2 10 5 1 C. pusilla 50+ 50+ 50+ 20 20+ 20+ Tryngites subruficollis 25 25 15 5 4 2 Linnodromus scolopaceus 20+ 10+ 10 5 10 5 10 Phalaropus fulicarius 20+ 20+ 10 20 10 2 P. lobatus 20+ 20+ 10 10 20 10 10 Stercorarius parasiticus 10 10 10 5 5 10 S. pomarinus 30 30 10 2 S. longicaudus 10 5 5 3 5 2 1 Larus hyperboreus 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Sterna paradisaea 10 5 5 10 10 10 10 Nyctea scandiaca Asio flammeus Motacilla flava 20+ 15+ 15+ 10 10 15 10 Passerculus sandwichensis 20+ 15+ 15+ 10 2 4 10 Zonotrichia leucophrys 10 10 10 2 3 2 Calcarius lapponicus 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ Acanthis sp. 20+ 20+ 20+ 10 10 20 20 Plectrophenax nivalis 10 2 4 4 2 2 2 BONUS BIRDS Dendroica petechia 1 Somateria fischeri 5 Capella dallinago 2 Luscinia svecica 2 Cervus canadensis # (illegible) Circus cyaneus # (illegible) Atherix marila 4 Cerculus alcaloidis balorda 1 Limosa sp. Anthus spinolletta 2 2 1 Falco peregrinus Numenius phaeopus 1

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Myers, J. P. 1978 - 1980 Alaska 1980: Jounral Species Accounts Daily Lists

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Myers 1980 Journal Barrow, Alaska 28 June Arrived at 1710 in the Wiley-Post Airport, downtown Barrow. Again as last year, I maneuvered through the trip at the painsomeness of reaching the Arctic snow, compared to what Nelson or Murdoch or Bailey experienced. Imagine this: San Francisco to Seattle 1hr 28min 17sec to touchdown Seattle to Anchorage 3 08 15 Anchorage to Fairbanks 0 41 24 Fairbanks to Barrow 1 11 01 6 hr 28 min 40 sec or 23320 seconds of flying time. That is obscene. Zimmerman was at the airport to meet me. Another NARL [illegible] was there also, + or quickly turned to what must be the dominant theme of the summer—the impending shutdown of NARL on 30 Sept. This officer man, an ITT employee, had the most insane explanation of all. He swore that it was due to the FID’s closing polar bear hunting. (Without that, the Navy brass had no interest in coming North. Open the polar bear season again, he maintained, and NARL would enter a new era of prosperity. Malarky. My own suspicion is that mismanagement combined with excessive labor costs + sliced Navy budgets are at the root. But enough of that. Weather today—15mph NE wind, no clouds, ~30°F. Snow is melting everywhere but there is so much of it that the tundra has a long way to go before becoming clear. In fact, we flew over Atkasook on the way in—even then the tundra is 100% snow. Birds—I saw little but did not go outside except in canopy. See daily list. There have been 2 Alcis flammeus reported but no Nyctea. Someone vacationer—they saw a weasel. The lead is ~1000m offshore and ~5Knt wide.

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Myceus 1980 Journal NARL, Barrow, Alaska 29 June Up at 0400, on the field by 0430. Walked all around camp + then down to the Brotton area and the dump. Temp = 19°F at 0430. Same at 0630 when I returned. Wind w/12mph from NE. No clouds. On the trip the most remarkable thing was the flock of Arctia interpres roosting at the dump: 25+. I have never seen a larger flock. They wheeled about after I spooled Glenn. With them were two Calidris alba + 28 C. melanotos. The other ornithological note of interest was that the many Plectrophax thrace - arrived 5-9 - were not the least aggressive. This, except of the fact that around camp 83 an in full display. 1030-1330 Took a snowmobile out along the transecto, going beyond #10 to FAP's old beach ridge study site, then back to camp via the DEW line site (four- Main). The essence of the trip was snow. Everywhere. Very few tundra knolls are without at least a glaze of snow. Most are deeply covered. All transect + gird units were 100% covered. The birds quickly disappeared once I left the area strip right along the coast. One Nyctea scandiaca was on grid 2. No other birds ANYWHERE on the grid/transect system. The snowmobile broke down near the DEW line station and I walked in. Typical. 1500-1630 Tony Hall and I went to the Brotton area for another perusal. Temp climbed to 25°F. No wind. 100% overcast. The flock of turnstones was three; they had been joined by a pair of C. alpina. No melanotos to be seen. Tony and I collected a Vermivora celata. Saw one Eremophila alpestris. Nowuk, PT Barrow, Alaska 30 June 0645 Took snow mobile off toward Nowuk at the tip of pt. Barrow. Wind 10-12mph from N. Temp 23°F. 100% overcast, slight snow. Approx 2 km from the Point the snowmobile broke down - I continued on foot, reaching the area at 0865. Remained until 0845, walked back to snow mobile, repaired it. The bird scene was

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JPMYERS 1980 Journal Nuwuk, Pt Barrow, Alaska 30 May (EAST) a gip. Boted along the spit were 420 Pectrophumax. At Nuwuk itself I found 100+1 Calcarius and 20 Piceanthus. A few Larus hyperboreus flew over, and one large flight of Somateria spectabilis and S. mollissima went past. But that was it. Nuwuk was largely snow-covered with the area immediately at the Point frozen. I was particularly unhappy about the lack of cider - it may have been due to the 10-15 mph N wind, cold. [illegible] Britton Area. 1130-1215 ? any fall and I cased out this spot. It continues to be the only good area around. The Arenaria flock is still here, and several alpina plus a few Dalvillii and 1 posilla are remaining nearby. All the birds are in flocks. Only the Pectrophumax + the Calcarius occasionally remind you that breeding is going on. 1700 I was to have flown to Atkaook. Weather did not permit. 31 May Night 0900-1000 took a snowmobile for a gip around the transects. The weather remains fair - 15mph off the North Ice. It snowed last night. Temp at 0600 = 19°F. Not your spring day. There were no birds away from the coast. 1145-1330. Birding with Tony Hall at Britton area, Pow Main, and the Bluffs in Barrow. Britton hasn't changed, POWMAIN has been abandoned by the golden plovers that were there yesterday, but the bluff area in top form: 1 Zonotrichia leucophrys, 1 Euxanous naves, 1 Pterocles, and one **Melospiza lincolnii**. Several posilla and alpina in Brownvill. No one is thinking about Nating yet. I had to leave at 1330 to catch a plane to Meade River. Flight in a Cape Smythe Cessna 207, took ~30 min. The tundra between Barrow and Atkaook is solid snow. It's only along bluffs of the Meade that any tender sticks through, and these spots are sandy + wind blown.

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J.P. Olliges 1980 Journal At Kayook on the Whale River, 100 km S of Barrow, Alaska 31 May (cant) 200 m away from the bluff and it is all snow. A flock of 30 Anser albifrons plus 2 Chen hyperboreus wheeled in the river beneath us as we came approached the strip. Upon landing I immediately found a rich set of birds on the airstrip - Arenaria, Calidris alpina and melanotos, Pluvialis squatarola, lagopus lagopus, Calcaria, Electrophorus, Ixorius haeveus, Stercorarius parasiticus and longicaudus. It seemed to indicate that the season was well underway here, at first. But then I realized (after 2hrs of dragging equipment to the camp) that not one was displaying. At 1700 I left for the traffic lick (24,42) walking into the wind along the river bluff the whole way. En route I saw no shorebirds. On the grid at the lick were 4 C. alpina and a few Calcaria, plus 150 Branta bernicla on a frozen pond hidden from the wind by a sod dune. From the grid I could see 8 Rangifer; their winter/spring grazing was obvious along the whole trip. Earlier I left my tent at the gird and also a lot of equipment. On the way back I saw 4 P. dominicus and 1 Arenaria. That was it for shorebirds. Reached camp at 2130 1 June 20°F and 15 mph outside at 0600. I decided that caution was called for - there was no sign that bird life was picking up and I had a sore throat. I therefore limited myself to a 2 hr hike around 0800 and another 1hr outing at 1900. Of interest during the latter was my first sighting of Stercorarius pomarinus flocks - one of 7 and one of 15. I had seen one in the morning. The wind blew all day long and the temperature remained in the low 20's till mid afternoon. By 1900 it was around 30. 2 June 20°F ad 10 mph outside at 0800 so I decided to trudge about. I first went to the west end of the runway [8,41] then I circled back around camp and took the bluff trail to Butterfly Creek [16,39]. At that point I cut down into the river, following it to approximately (8,41). I then emerged from the

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J.P. Vaug (1980) Journal Atkasook on Meade River, North Slope, Alaska 2 June (cont'd) river and headed directly to the Tryngita grid (24,42). First I tracded Pleum at 1030 ad for the next 1/2 hrs I tromped around it looking & unsuccessfully for buffleated Sandpipers. After that I went south to (25,36), East to (28,36), NE and then NE along a lichen bluff paralleling the river as far as (29,39). From there I returned to the Tryngita grid, searched unsuccessfully again, and then headed back to camp following the river the whole way. Arrived at 1600. Weather improved beginning 1430, when sun began to break through patches in the low 100% cover that had held all day. Temp reaching 30-32°F with snow becoming soft. Wind slackening. At 1554 I heard the first Calaeius song of the year, a happy fellow behind camp. Soon Henry, I saw a Pluvialis dominica in flight display back behind the runway. SPRING!? 3 June This was one of those days that, as you live it, you know you'll remember it. It wasn't as spectacular a spring arrival as 29 May 1978. But it was a solid second, and it made clear its intentions within 3 min of my having left camp as a Whistling Swan flew over sleeping. Temperature at 0600 was ~28 with a 5-10mph NE wind. Not ideal, but compared to the last 3 days who would complain? Calaeius were singing all around camp [although curiously this was their hottest area— save for scattered individuals here and there all others are quiet.] No one else but the Lagopus were displaying when I left camp (0815) but by 1pm I'd heard Pluvialis dominica and P. squatarola, Calidris pusilla (10:15), Calidris (1145), C. maculata (1050) and S. mareri (300). In none of these was the displaying persistent but even still it was a volume change. 2 Limnodromus scolopaceus singing. Both Stercorarius parasiticus and S. longicaudus in territorial disputes; S. pomarinus beginning to move by in number (low spaccent) By 1300 snow was melting in the sun and the (winds slackened) even further. Temp probably 35°. Snow is muddy and twice I went on to my thighs. Yet despite all this, no Tryngita (one spaccent).

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J Pruijers 1980 Journal At Kasook on the Meade River, North Slope, Alaska 3 June (con't) walked from camp out to (25,42), following the river trail. I remained on the grid from 10:00 to 15:30 without any sign of a Tryngita. Snow melted considerably while I was there. I would guess that yesterday the transects were 79-85% snow covered. With another two days of this they will be under 10. Bisio flammeus — I should comment on this species. It is incredibly abundant this year. At any given time I can usually see one or two in the air within a 3 km radius. Between camp and the Buddha Tryngita grid & pass by, minimally, five or six distinct individuals. I have seen a few flight displays. Today I discovered that they are easy to call in; simply squeak at them + they come to investigate. 4 June 0800 left for Tryngita grid. Arrived 0915. Weather began somewhat ominously. At 0430 it was heavy fog with a thick white front over everything. Temp about 26 then but by 0800 it was about 32°F. 10-15mph NE wind (whale-like). No Tryngitas on the ice. I searched the western loop diligently to no avail. At ~1130 I put up my tent and at 1430 I did another search of the ice + walked back to camp. While in the tent my front porch was the scene of some willow ptarmigan sex. The β+γ came by, male uttering a short version of the clommer call every 30-4 minutes. Then the females began to shake her head, violently back & forth and in a seizure. Each episode was only for about 2-3 seconds and they occurred ~1 every 1-2 minutes. The β approached without much ceremony (none), hopped on her back + - cefocal contact. As soon as he got off he chased her for about 30 sec. They returned to feeding and the β head jerking did not reoccur. Movement by all shorebirds continued today. Only a few individuals of the two Pluvialis sp were seen flying unidirectionally + nonstop, which I

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J P Myers 1980 Journal At Kasook on the Mada River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 4 June (CONT) take so birds still in migration, or at least not yet at their breeding site. Most conspicuous today were C. melanotus and Phalacrus fuligularis. Individuals and flocks of them 2 spp moved by successively, one every few minutes. C. calpinus and pusilla were also conspicuously on the move, as was Limnodromus scolopaceus. And today the ducks really began to move in. I saw >100 Anas acuta flying by. By evening 30-40 Chenula hypoleucos were roosting on the river. Two flocks of Somateria fischeri and 2 of S. spectabilis also appeared. Aythya marila arrived, etc. etc. Sternna paradisaea are hunting on the river by (36,39), waiting, I suspect for their local breeding ponds to melt. They congregate there every year. With the rain the wind stopped. It remained down until beyond when I went to sleep at 0015. The rain stopped by 1630. At 2000 I took the tape recorder out to the Tryggitis leks, trying to tape Ploceus squamulatus or voces. It was a gorgeous evening. Sana alausii beginning to call. Stercorarius pomarinus death angels swooping past in large numbers. No wind. I was spoiled only by the incessant grumble of Bunnell's generator and noise from town. I am amazed at how well such sounds carry out here without wind, and equally at the amount of noise the village now produces. It's still too moonlacky, but it ain't coldness. 3 Tryggitis were on the leks. (See spacecut) 5 June Began slow because I had to go to town to get a message for NIKL. Left for buffle grid at 1300. The fact that it rained hard for several hrs between 0600 and 0900 didn't speed me up either. As Saturday evening there were 4 Tryggitis on the grid, mostly in its 1:0-2:0 region (it also by 7:5). I tracked one for a 10 min bout but it and then had difficulty finding others. It looked as if the spot I had found was a narrow display area so I searched the loop once again. Found more anywhere else. Returned to the grid and tracked several from 1800-2400. See spacecut.

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JP Wylers 1980 Journal Baffin Lake (26,42) on Atkasook Grid, North Slope Borough, Alaska 6 June Sleep in on the feat this morning somehow, met up until 0830. Remain on the traffic lick throughout the day, tracking intermittently while also trying to catch and band birds while also trying to determine the limits of the lick. Quit at 2330. Weather, fortunately, remained spectacularly benign. While through the whole morning there was a 10-15 mph W (W!) wind, it petered out around 1800. From then on it was calm. Clear all day. Temp never dropped below 32°F and rose into low 40's. The river began rising sharply during the evening. Almost all the snow from areas near the river is gone. Further inland there is much more snow. The lick itself is virtually clear as of this afternoon. One great contrast to me is that sites which last year were the prime population centers are now in several inches of water. See sp accent. The obvious movements of most species has ended by noon. 9 muklukators are still standing, probably but even they seem to be far more local. During the evening all 3 spp of Savia were calling loudly from in or over the river. 7 June Worked on grid throughout the day- but went back to camp near Atkasook at 1700 or so. Remained three 3 hrs and then returned to the grid. Track(?) Tryngite until 0300 on the morning of the 8th. The day was warm but somewhat windy. Strong W and SW winds continue. Periodic high cumulus threaten rain but only a small drizzle occurs. The temp at dawn was below 0°C with ice on the ponds. It rose to 40 or so in the day but by 0300 was again below freezing. Each night has been spectacularly calm. 8 June Arose 0930 (aged). Wind up from SW to 15mph but temperature warm to about 38°. See Tryngite sp accent for details of the day. The most excitement apart from the Tryngite was the river, which rose, and rose, and rose. Periodically floes of ice bergs came drifting downstream, suggesting yet another blockage point had broken free. The Viggie, however, has yet to open. This is the loop in front of the village of Atkasook. It is backing water up spectacularly. By 2330 when I reached camp (tracked 385

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JPNygens 1980 Journal Atkasook on the Meade River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 8 June (all day) It rained 2/3 of the way up the bluff in front of the NARL Meade River camp - a total height of 10m. The water was eddying back over the tundra forcing me to detour over a km inland by Butterfly Creek. In fact, I usually can cross Butterfly at its mouth into the Meade (16,39). This evening, I had to go all the way south to Transect 6 (17,35) in order to get through. This means that most areas of the tundra around the banks of NARL are inundated to varying degrees in difficult years. A phenological note - first bumble bee today and the Eriophorum vaginatum are budding. Back to the river: The flooding has somehow encouraged lots of purple duckweed to the river. I saw more Angelica today than I have ever seen at Atkasook. Anagiseta also abundant over the flooded tundra. 9 June Arose at 0730 and spent the next few hrs preparing camp for departure. At 1000 a helicopter arrived, wondering where I was. It turns out that the lifters saw NARL on 8 June mere arrived and they knew nothing of my health. I was happy to see the heli mostly because it solved my next problem - how to get gear from camp to Atkasook. I had to solve this because the Bunnells decided to grade the NARL landing strip by camp, and have thus rendered the site useless for me. After I was flown by heli to Atkasook I worked out 11am for a Cape Smyth plane to Barrow. 10 June 1200 reached camp after a flight down from Barrow. The wind is back to normal - 10-15 from NE. Clear sky upon arrival but clouding gradually through day until began raining at 2200 hrs. I left for the buffet at 1300, arrived 1420 and immediately began tracking. Details in Tryggey sp sheet + tracking notebook. In general, it is depressing. As far as I can, till there are now only 3 resident

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JPHyes 1980 Journal Atkesook on the Wecola River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 10 June (cont) 37° on the ice - one banded (Riverarm). Three 3 are in the (8,4) - (11,4) region of the traffic ice. Infrequently (three) during the time I was out there (14/5 - 21/5) I saw furious activity by the (2,1) region, but when I went to investigate no one was there. Only a few birds flew in all day, mostly solitary males. I saw several sets of 87° feeding together briefly around the periphery of the ice. One 87° that I tracked, 30/6/10-3, and a 2 visitor on his place the whole first hr of tracking, but nothing ever came of it. 87° 80/6/10-2, a red mule deer during previous days, had several visitors fly in, including one 87°-2 pair. All that 80/6/10-2 succeeded in doing with them, however, was getting himself raped by the 87°. He and his mum produced very large areas - see tracking sheet for details -, much larger than anybody else to date. For some, it looks as if activity is fading. Perhaps tomorrow will be my last day. [A phenological note - Saxifraga oppositifolia is blooming as of today on the ridge by the river.] The river has receded quite a bit since the cut on the evening of 8 June, down by ~1.5 m. This forms enormous block ice, Some Ø4m x 3m x 1.5m, stranded along the river's edge. The main ice jam in front of the village of Atkesook was gone when I flew in this morning. 11 June After a late night last night did not reach ice until 10 am + found parts of it wobbling hopping. Weather balmy - I wore a sweater whilst tracking + was sweating. Light SW winds, clouds varying from <10 to 60% until a squall line moved through at 1600. I stayed on the grid until 1800 then returned to camp. Will return to the grid tonight leaving camp by 2000. It may be that the quiet of yesterday was due to weather [cold + windy] or to the hrs of my observation - 1400 - 2100. Anyway, from 1000 to 1500 today it was fairly active. See Tryngite accent. Banded 3 more Tryngite. 2000 - 2030 flew on way to or at Tryngite grid. Tracking from 2200 m. Slat on the grid in a foot. See Tryngite account. Saw very intense 87° interactions. 12 June Up at 0630, tracking by 0700. Remain in or around grid today until 1630, then

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J Phillips 1980 Journal Buffalo Lek, Atkasook, AK 12 June (cont'd) returned to camp. Banded one more 8", a resident. Through the day I saw only 4 8" visitors to the lek. Three of the males must be kind of bored because they're not getting action. Only five males left on the lek now, 3 banded. [Phenological notes - Salix pulchra leaves starting to green; Salix alabamensis beginning to have catkins. Flying insects about, including Bombus since yesterday. Quite a few chlorocinide today. Yesterday and today there has been repeated NE movement by 8" Army antics - right to the funnura and quite directional + fast. Weather Today mostly pleasant but a bit unusual. As yesterday the horizon is frequently given over to towering cumulus. Until this afternoon most of these, moving to the NE, have missed Atkasook. This afternoon one moved in however, and it has been a strong squall - cold and rain. One moved through last night, also, after I went to bed. Wind is SE or SW going to 20 mph. Temp is 40° or so, until it becomes very balmy whenever the sun comes out. 13 June Up at 0330, on lek by 0540. Weather may be recovering from last night's squall's: 100% low overcast, very light NNW wind, temp in high 30s, occasional light drizzle. I remained on the grid until 0850. During that time I found the 3 banded [illegible] and tracked 2 of them. Bullard locates #3 when the team came — in fact all 3 left. One 8" Pygmy visitor in 3 hrs. Not your hopping lek. Returned to camp, closed it up, wished gear to Atkasook only to have to wait 6 hrs for a plane. Hurry up and wait. Upon returning to Barrow at 1830 I found the roads were closed to Brownville because the reservoir washed out. Hence I had to walk part way to NARL.

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SP Myers 1986 Journal Grid 2, NAKL, Barrow, Alaska 16 June On the Barrow tower at last! I've spent the last two days inside working on Atkaskool Tryngity notes.. This am @ 0830 went to Grid 2 in order to work on Celidris melanotos. Remain on G-2 out/ 1430, then walked to Gy, then back to NAKL @ 1630. Weather spectacular. 32°@ 0500 (up @ 0300 to finish notes). Light NW wind. 8 clouds. The melanotos scene, however, was a big disappointment, with few PP and fewer PP on the grid and elsewhere. See melanotos sp acct. 17 June Up at 0930 and on Grid2 by 0445. See melanotos sp account- Weather belong - almost no wind and until 1100 no clouds. Temp 34°-38°F. I censured the grid through the day from 0445-1330, then returned to camp. The morning began with a bit of drama as I found 3 different jaegers eating 3 different shorebirds: 1 S. pomarinus eating either a C. melanotos or a C. bairdii (it flew off with its prey) and 2 S. parasiticus, one with a C. pusilla and the other a C. melanotos. Yesterday we watched a S. parasiticus eat a C. calpinna. Today McLaffing saw an S. parasiticus catch and eat a P. fulicarius. It's not a safe place to be a shorebird on the tundra. Two nests found yesterday on Grid2 were torn around by jaegers in the intervening time: that of an Arctia acuta and a Calcarius. It looks as if the jaegers are turning to birds. I should note that the lemmings picture is rather spotty: a few places have dreary, complete grazing, spread over 0.25 ha or more. But most coting involve a few square m, at most a radius of 5m. Winter nests are spotted throughout the tundra. Thus there were lemmings around but they have crashed from whatever density they attained. The jaeger scene reflects that: at least one pair of S. parasiticus is defending near Grids 1 & 2, but there is also a S. pomarinus defending also. Further, there seems to be a single light-phase S. pomarinus defending a small area on Grid 7. Finally, Asofleummus continues to abound. One or two hunted near Grid2 all day long.

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JPLayers 1980 Journal Grid 3, NARE, Barrow, Alaska 17 June It looks as if a melanoto Hot spot is developing here. On 14 June there were 3 J's on the grid. This afternoon it is at least 5, and most importantly, Newer melanotos 99. See melanoto sp: account. Dunes on the grid from 1630-1950. Moderate NE wind at 10 mph, temp 35°F. No clouds. 18 June 0300-0700 tracking a female & melanotos with an incomplete clutch. We have divided up the day to get her 24hr continuously until her clutch is complete. At 1200-1400 storm yesterday she had 2c, at 1600 3. Display activity continued on all birds throughout evening, although the period 0300-0400 seemed rather quiet. It was a sunny windless night with the temperature dropping to 20°F by 0600 (ice on a few ponds). See melanoto account and tracking data for details of clutch. 1500-1730 I took my second shift. By then the wind had come up and clouds over. Temperature rose also, however, to ~38°F, making matters a bit more favorable. The female laid her 4th egg around 1600. 19 June Tracked a f from 0400 to 0500 after going out at 0300. The tundra this morning was much as yesterday am. Bright, low wind, temp ~0°C. Birds displaying throughout. The Pluvialis dominica situation is intriguing - see phenology note on this species. Phenologically the tundra program as ever - a smattering of 2 Phaeopus fulicarius have begun to appear. Carex is greening, Salix pulchra has put out catkins, the Pedicularis bracteata blossoms are flowering; and of course Ranunculus rivalis is in full bloom. Thus the creamy snow and lati melt appear not to have retarded progress too much. In fact this must be due to the very atypical cloudless, fogless weather that has dominated here. Recall the series of days at Atkasook with persistent SW winds. These were seen here at Barrow as well. The net effect of the weather has been to produce a melt-off schedule that is not any later than 1978, which was the latest year in my experience (75-80). Comparing snow cover data from

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JP Myers 1980 Journal Grid 3, NARL, Barrow, Alaska 19 June (cont'd) The transects yield a 50% cover date of ~11 June, compared to 13 June (1976), 9 June (1977), 10 June (1978) and 6 June (1978). On the other hand, the 100% value persisted on late this year as in the latest year- 1978 - through to 4 June. And the cold was impressive. Anyway... after tracking the & I returned to camp at 0700, then came back out at 0830 to track again. Remained until 1430 tracking another &. Action on the Grid is continuing to pick up with more & around than ever. We found 2 more melenator nests each with 2e (although one had a 3rd egg by 1100). And the weather even again baling -38°F, no clouds, ad until 1200 no wind. 2200 I returned to the field once more, this time to 0610 3 aL once again to 20 June tracked a & melenator. Remained out until 0800, tracking from 1100-0500. No clouds and temp remaining between 0°C and 2°C. The wind was from the NE @ ~10 mph when I went out; it fell to <5mph for 2 hrs around 0300 but picked up to 12-15 by 0700. Made life a bit cold. The female & tracked populated at 0317 - see tracking account and melenator account. Its last night action was continuous, although it affected cibated between 0300-0430, particularly in melenator and alpina. Pluvialis dominica displayed all night. Grid 3 is a rich area this year - see census results. Then an obshtichum, C. mauri, C. pusilla, C. bairdii, C. alpina, C. melenator, a pair of C. canutus is seen almost every day. Also flamencus hunts them occasionally. And in the lowlands to the East from the ridge we have a thick lowland community of ducks and shorebirds, including at least 2 pairs of Anser albifrons - very atypical for Barrow. Polysticta stelleri is abundant this year, so is Anas acuta. In fact the duck seems as impressive, as good a year in numbers as 1976, the year of the prairie drought. It may be better than that year insofar as actual breeding densities are concerned, particularly in Polysticta and Anas acuta.

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JPMycos 1980 Journal Grid 3, NALL, Barrow, Alaska 21 June On grid 3 0000-0600 and 1000-1200. Pectoral activity increasing further, with both 8P and 89 continuing to arrive. The weather through the night was warm - 38°F--, wendy, and with sporadic showers out of the south. Returned to grid at 2300 to track an unbanded 9 muletao - 21 tracking wind remained through 0600 of 22 June. Temperature when I left the laboratory was 34°C, (854) wind ~10 mph, 100% clouds. 22 June 2345-0545 tracked 9 muletao. See 9 muletao sp accent. Fog moved in ~0330 + simultaneously part bird activity ceased. Birds reoccurred @~0445 with Calipina and Calidris lapponica, beginning display. Fog moved out as wind came up at 0515. See C. muletao re afternoon of 22 June. 23 June 0000 reached Grid 3 for another tracking session. 98% clouds 37°F wind <5mph. Slight rain, intermittent through evening. Remained w/ Redhead from 0000-0700. See muletao sp accent. 2320 came back out for yet another session. and 24 June Stayed through the wee hrs again. ~34°, absolutely no wind and at the most only a thin line of fog on the horizon. Then moved on by hrs, unfortunately Tracking 9 redhead again 1558->1900. Temp 38°F, no wind, 10 clouds. BALMY. Potentilla is blooming now; the Ranunculus niveus is beginning to show signs of fading. Pediculus lanata brulling out all over. Salix pulchra at in full catkin. Carex agyrathis, Dipontia fiscularis, Eriophorum russeolum all greening strongly. ¡Llega el verano! 25 June Up at 0130 to work on notes. Fog rolled in at 0230. The return of normal Barrow weather? Mid + lati June have been spectacularly benign. By 0800 the fog cleared with a 10 mph NE wind. Temp 33°. I tracked a pectoral 9, Redhead, from 0923->1400. Tex Sordahl took her from 1400-1750. Then took over from 1750->2250. The late afternoon was clean, a high cirrus cover of 15%. Windnata NE wind at 15mph from NE. Temp = 39°F

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SPMayers 1980 Journal GRID 3, NARL Barrow, AK 26 June 1350 on Grid 3 tracking a 9 melanoto. - see tracking data + sp accent. Remaind until bind until ~ 2200 hrs. See tracking data, melanoto sp accent. 27 June Began tracking CW:6M @ 1340 42°F, many big about. 20% clouds light NE wi) • Remaind on Grid until 2000. See melanoto accent for details 28 June Tracking melanoto on Grid 3 - see melanoto accent for details 29 June 0400 on Grid 3; sky 95% clouds, 35°F, light NE wi) @ 5mph. Canna to track CW:6M - McAllan, Sorduli + I will take successive shifts through the day. While I found her immediately, I couldn't locate CW:6M until 0526. See tracking data + melanoto accent for more details. Tracked until 0830, then returned again at 1630. Weather remains benign - 40°, no wind, no clouds. See melanoto accent for details. One of the warmest days of the year, with chironomids buzzing about; enough mosquitoes to notice, tipulida (esp. Podicica) crawling about. Some of the smaller flowers, e.g. fotatilla, Drakea, similar to arnica. 30 June 0315 readout Grid 3 - 38°, 0 wind, 10% clouds (on horizon). This is the CLEAREST morning I have ever seen at Barrow - 9 Nyctea visible to the horizon from here. Flocks of melanoto and Ph. ferrirrns have been passing overhead - conspicuous today - and there are literally hundreds visible at times in dense flocks over the lowland marshes. Also flocks (smaller in number) of Limnodromus scolopaceus. 1 July 'Out To Grid 3 @ 0430 for yet another tracking session. Morning much like yesterday but with a slight NE wind: 36°F, 20% high clouds. High visibility En route along AirLine Road I saw 100-200 Cancellataria in flocks using areas disturbed by past years' collagan fraud. They are with small flocks of Limnodromus scolopaceus. I found Bump immediately and CW:6M at 0603. Began tracking continuously 1000.

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J P Meyers 1980 Anser albifrons Atkasook, on the Mcado River, Alaska 31 May Saw a few albifrons from the place as we flew in. Then an air trip out to the Tryagite grid I saw several flocks of 10-15. 2 June a few Anser seen as I left camp, flying by in pairs. Biggest group I've seen found in area of (26537) - approximately 90 in a single flock, down on the ground in puddles in sand dunes. At 1530 I saw first sign of breeding aggression - a bird chasing another very persistently up the river. 3 June Large flock still there at (26,37) ~ 1145 but broke up during afternoon. Many small groups - 2, 3, 4, 5 etc. flying every which way, "lakeliding". As I came to Butterfly Creek, Billy Bournell was there with his 2yr old daughter, hunting white fronts. He gave a stupendous invitation of their call, and they came in directly. 8 June Few flocks about but many pairs and single birds flying overhead all the time. 9 June Only saw 3 today, two on ground and one solitary flying. 13 June Continued to see small numbers flying around every day Barrow 19 June Remarkable number of albifrons still flying about, particularly east of Caroline Ridge See Camp Phenology notes for more detail 1 July Found Anser albifrons nest by Caroline Ridge - 6 eggs

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JPM Myers 1980 Branta bernicla Atkasook on the Mcade River, North Slope, Alaska 31 May 1800 a large flock of 150 Branta wheeling over the river. They landed and flew on the ice at (~19,42). I walked up on them and they flew fourteen E, finally settling on the Tryngita grid @ (25,42). 2 June Many Branta still at the east end of the loop, some (~26,42), others (~27,41), totalling at least 150. They are down in the sand dunes where the snow has melted and puddled. 4 June far fewer brant today. None seen flying; only saw 30 or so at (~27,41) 9 June saw 5 today for first sighting since 4 June 11 June 0 - none.

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JP Spragens 1980 Calidris melanotos Britton Area, NAKL, Barrow, Alaska 29 May 2 fororn C. melanotos flew at 0530, huddled behind a tussock in a polygon near a large flock of brent geese Barrow, Alaska 18" in town Atiksook, Alaska 31 May 18" by airstrip 1 June d:16 3 June A paltry sum only today, but the movement in C. melanotos appears to be underway. A few scattered males flying during a.m. Then at 1445 heard a P. hoot and chase a f., who was churning. At 1430 found a large flock of 15, looking like ~13" & 2 f. A P. went up to another male & gave a good rolling grouse call. A few other flocks of 5-10 seen headed NE. No persistent display. 4 June Heavy movement by melanotos today. Flocks of 5-15 moving pushed, NE usually, almost one per 5-10 minutes. Many are also settling down. In evening (2000-2400) I spent about an hour on the midst of a thick P. array, without hooting, border fights, some grouse displays and a few PP. The pectorals are rolling again at Atiksook. 7 June PP still moving today but many are localized. Shoots everywhere. 8 June repeated f. flocks going SW! 11 June Not any hooting today; I spotted a f. off a melt w/ jiggs. Whitewagtail conspicuous but no hoots (?). 2300 hrs. Hooting common this evening. Heard a long rolling grouse call near Togagib grid NAKL, Barrow, AK 16 June On Grid 2 to track f. & f. melanotos today. On 14 June Sondahl recorded over 10 P.P. on the grid. Today there were 3 residents with huge (>10 ha) territories and

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JP Myers 1980 Calidris melanotos NARL, Barrow, Alaska 16 June (EMTY) There were also numerous non-residents, evident because of frequent PP cheers and because of PP without well developed breast sacs. PP numbers very low. In 2 hrs of tracking one PP (80/6/16-1) I knew it contained only one P, far less than I had expected. [illegible] See Tracking record for details. In fact the first PP picked to track was a transient and McLaury chose me as a possibly P?? 1123 watching a chase - P tried to land around (2,5) and was chased first by 2 then by 1 P. Wound up 800+ m southeast of grid and 150 m up in air before I lost her in the sun. minute 98 of 80/6/16-1: P flew up ~50 m in air and glided back down. A new display?? Minute 113 began chasing a P that landed, doing so w! considered aggression. Flew up some 40 m in air but did not leave air space over territory, even though the P did immediately 17 June Went to Grid 2 @ 0445 to see if melanotos actually any better than. It was not. In 7 hrs field time on the Grid I saw 3 PP, possibly only 1. In infrequent intervals resident PP chased transient PP through territory. GRID 3, NARL, Barrow, Alaska McLaury found a 2 egg melanoto clutch today on Grid 3. Much P activity and apparently the territorial array has tightened up considerably. P's more than 1 P. He tracked the P for 3 hrs and then returned to camp. We went out, banded her, and then mounted a 24 hr watch to determine with whom she copulated. Unfortunately between 1400 and 1600 she laid her third egg.

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JP Myers 1980 Calidris maritima tracking account Grid 3, NARL, Barrow, Alaska 17 June 1830 - Brian has been tracking this ♀ (wren) since this afternoon. Let just heard her at 1730. At 1830 as I was about to take over she flew into the territory of a ♂ adjacent to the ♂ on who's territory she is nesting. that ♂ (♂2) is now in an intense grouse display, courting wren. Unfortunately she is behind around so we cannot see how she is reacting. At 1833 ♂2 hooted over her. She did not Butt up. Before this she had been feeding on ♂2's territory. ♂2 began grooming. ♂2 flew in and disrupted the pursuit of ♂2; the two ♂'s flew off together and began a border fight, turning to parallel march within 2m of where she was feeding. They marched and they fought. After 2 minutes ♂1 flew to his territory and ♂2 began grooming to ♂1's wren. She creaved away from him, took flight, called once, she followed as she flew ~100m. There is a 2nd local female present on ♂2's territory, bathing and feeding. She then flew back to ♂2's area. SUMMARY OF 1835-1930 wren fed off away from her nest, ~300m to SE on the territories of ♂2 adjacent to the ♂ on whose territory she is nesting. After a brief flurry at the beginning of the session (actually just before it began - see McLaughlin's note + the elucidation above) she fed, rooted or pecked throughout. Then at the end she flew back to the area of her nest. 18 June Summary of 0300-0700 - Female wren remained within 100m of nest for entire 4 hr period. ♂ paid her almost no attention except for approximately 35 seconds at minute 95 and then for an intense 2 minutes at minute 214 (= 0634 am), 33 seconds of which was copulation. Not once did he hoot over her nor do a low intensity grouse display. It was all business. The copulation sequence was remarkably perfunctory from her

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JPMeyes 1980 Calidris melanotos GRID 3 NARL Barrow 18 June (am/d) point of view. He engaged in two brief intense grouse displays (one 5 seconds, then she flew, then another 10 seconds, then he mounted). Mounting last 33 seconds. He then went back to 5 seconds of intense grouse and then returned to court his other Q. Intriguing observation - she flitted briefly at minute 214 and he was on like a flash - immediately. (Copulation occurred less than 70 seconds later. Was that flitter an circitation?) 1500-1730 tracked w/wn Q melanotos again. This time she spent all but the first 24 minutes fidgeting on her nest. During this time she won off the nest, 2 separate P8- P1 and P2, displayed briefly to him in rolling grouse postures and calls. While on the nest she laid her last egg, completing the clutch. At ~1600 (minute 48) she began a series of restless movements and adjustments, including much raising of tail. Does this signify the beginning of incubation? 19 June 0400 tracking a Q melanotos on Grid 3, unbanded. Before I began tracking I spooked w/wn off her nest. P1 immediately flew in and began a rolling grouse display to her - one more intense, in fact, than the actual preoccupation sequence of 18 June (see above). 1145 began tracking another unbanded Q. I tracked her for 109 minutes, then Sorkald and McAulay took over until 1830, simply watching in order to find nest. Never did. She was very heavy on the ovipoduct, and carrying an egg [which has been obvious on other tracked Qs view + confirmed to be linked to eggs]. At no time during entire session (1145-1830) did a P1 boot over her, and only twice did P1 land nearby and grouse. Given the P1 usually treatment of Qs this was astounding. The more we follow known, (locally) Qs the more surprised I am that P1 leave them alone most of the time. Incidentally, during the entire period (1145-1830) she remained within a 0.75 km area, all on P1's territory. 20 June 2230 (of 19 June) to 0500 (20 June) I was on the grid, tracking Q YM:- from 2300-0500. See tracking data. This Q laid her 3rd egg between 1000 and 1047

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JPIIugens 1980 Calidris melanotos GRID 3, NARL, Barrow, Alaska 20 June (on the 14th and was banded that afternoon. Her nest is within 20 m of the boundary between T8q and 6. During the evening melanotos display activity commenced until 0200. The &'s are still moving on - I saw one flock of 7PP settle down on the Woods by T8, and they were scattered throughout the lowlands out there. If there is a melanotos that spotted this year it is three lowlands east of (2103 and N of T8. Beaucoup de melanotos. The & copulated with T8q at 0317. This is the area where territory she nests. She did, however, venture outside of his area, travelling as far as 250m from her nest (3c, egg 3 laid 19 June between 1800 and 1047). In doing so she traversed the territories of T8q and T8o, both of whom entered into intense group display with her. She did not butt-up. See tracking account. What struck me as remarkable was the fact that most of the time the T8q left her to feed alone. They knew she was there. They displayed to others consciously. But she was left in peace most of the time even though she was preparing her 4th egg and thus had to become receptive at some time. (4) When she did the sex was over in less than 1 minute (see tracking account). OFF THE WALL HYPOTHESIS — Once a & is receptive it behaves as an & to leave her be. If he harasses her too much she'll probably leave his territory, and she won't be on his territory at the moment she's ready to copulate. Perhaps they resemble Tryngite in this regard. Forgive the anthropomorphism, but... it seems that a Tryngite & good is to allow the & to remain undisturbed with him. If she doesn't get distrupted then he is obviously a good &. Melanotos could be doing the same thing: Undisturbed &'s are on areas with &'s capable of excluding others very effectively, i.e. good &'s. So the & remains if undisturbed. This might be called the Kinetic model of Calidrisine society.... 21 June Began tracking at 0000 hrs on Grid 3, remained through 0600. Not so fortunate as last few days. The 1st & picked up I spotted from 200 m away - she

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Calidris melanotos Grid 3, NARL, Barrow AK 21 June (cont'd) was perched vooring atop a polygon. She remains there vooring for 84 minutes while a & displayed incessantly around her. She then started to feed but after 3 minutes, she left the grid entirely. See tracking account. I then sunked @ 0320 to the & I tracked yesterday near station (9,7). She played cat & mouse with me for some 80 min before I decided to stop, partly because I wanted to back off & find her nest. About an hr later, returning to the area, I spooled her up off a 2E clukte. Basked her. But with that my luck turned because I found a already individually recognizable & localized & doing nest cup construction - i.e. a bird w/o any eggs. By then, however, I had to go in. I sent T. Sorelled out to track her immediately, and then I went out @ 1000 and tracked her. See tracking account. Truly an amazing girl because of how tame she is. Her & is also quite bold - perhaps completely oblivious. MOST REMARKABLE was that while this & interacted w/ the &, who displayed incessantly, she made little noises, chirps quite similar to the sounds, a & makes when she calls in her chicks. She did this as he hooted over her! She did this repeatedly while he hooted over. I then returned at 1000 to track her. She is physically distinct from other & around her - a bright red cap, strong buffy ochre auricular patches and a strong white V on the back. Finally, because both she & the & are extraordinarily bold I have been able to get very close during their interaction. Notes from tracking tapes: 1020 & is in slow tail cocked, wings lowered posture but crouched on the ground. He gives the low intensity grouse call. & approaches. He then enters intensiom grouse, rolling grouse call, standing up, jumping chest up + down 1034. & is voluntarily approaching & - not other way around! Highly unusual as normally the & tries to keep away.

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J.Phygors 1980 Calidris melanotos Cruo 3, C.ARL, Barrow, Alaska 22 June "O in low intensity groove call - LIGC with tail cocked - (see tracking data) and he is running away from Q! Harin She follows him ! Shades of Tunggatity . At other times he does not move away in this position but instead moves forward. His body is noticeably lowered toward ground, so much so that his peckoral sac hangs but a continuance from the surface. Wings slightly bowed. Moves like a tank [sketch of bird] LIGC/TC = HIGD Typically gives the LIGC groove call - rrrr rrrr rrrr . He may continue for 10 sec - 2 minutes and then either stop, often to Alert-Preen, or go into the rolling groove display. The Q I am tracking this evening - Redhead - has not yet begun to lay eggs. She spends a significant amount of time working on nest cups. What strikes me is the fact that this O is with her necessity - quite a contrast with the behavior of 839 found 98 who have begun to lay. aside Low intensity groove call (LIGC) = the noise he makes being homologous I am sure with alpine frog calls. rrrr rrrr rrrr. LIGC display is this when the male is simply standing; often alert on a mound. High intensity groove display = that call in poster drama above Rolling Groove - usually follows LIGC, given within 10 cm or so of Q, following her around; peckoral sac bouncing with a horrendous bubbling, rolling sound coming out. Continuous carophony, rising & lowering in a regular fashion at 1-2 sec intervals. Resembles something like O with tail cocked position, head raising & lowering along with the changes in pitch of the sound, minute 96 of tracking session (= ~0015) Q remaining w/ g. She is chipping away - see data from this p.m. There is no way I would hear this if this Q weren't so tame.

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J.P. Myers 1980 Calidris molaris GRID 3 NARL Barrow, Alaska 22 June cant'd 0120 - Q working on nut cup, the second one during current tracking session and the 4th all told. She begins by entering a clump of Carex aquatilis + compressing substrata with her breast; her tail slides up in the air - often it is all you can see of her. Then she sits up a bit, for 10-15 sec + looks around. Then she goes back to pushing with breast. The B sometimes hoots over her as she does this. After working by pushing down, she starts toggling at to the Carex blades around her nut, working them over her nut with her bill, and also picking up materials from around the nut - especially Thamnolia and other lichens, tossing them over her shoulder. 0145 B has been fairly beside her, then approaches + goes into HIG-D. She stands still, he goes behind her, rolling grous display. She is facing away from him, he bounces her, she erects 5-10cm swelled cleaved region As he stops RGE and begins to squawk, raises one wing, then both wings. His neck goes out + he starts to wave his head up + down as he squawks continuously. The squawk has elements of the aggressive jabber call to it. The head waving carries the head from the position shown above to one at a lower angle: and he does this very rapidly, once or so per second (but irregularly). He is also treadling in place. Then this time she runs away + he breaks off, flying abruptly to a nearby mound. Sometimes, especially when she isn't upright, he breaks off, stands erect for a second

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JPMayers 1980 Calidris maritimus GRID 3, NARL, Barrow, AK 22 June (Cont'd) 0335 they both have begun to roost, the $ on top of an HC Polygon, the $ about 2m away on the down wind side. As they roost, both with bills tucked, the $ periodically utters the L16-Call for < few seconds at a time, without outsticking bill. 0540 Throughout this tracking session as well as yesterday of same $ the $ has been devoted to her, nothing for anyone or anything else. He has even passed up opportunity for $-$ chance. During 6 hrs of tracking this evening (@2345 - 0545) he roosted near her 28 times = once every 13 minutes. He remained within 30 m of her for most of evening + much of the terrain even closer, There were 2 mountings, one of which may have been a successful population, the other was not. He gave L16C's in both L16- and L16C/TC positions repeatedly. On 3 occasions culminating reached the squawk stage (including 2 mountings, above). She investigated 2 different nut cups, both distinct from site explored this morning. She remained on her territory throughout the entire session 1400 returned to grid to band a $ muleton, the one meeting at (-2,7) = P37. Banded him 6w:6m. I watched Redhead (see tracking session above) for an hour, taking photos of her and $. Behaviors much as last night + in particular she has no nut yet, as she explored 4 new nut cup locations 23 June 0000 tracking RED HEAD on GRID 3. At 0019 had a very near copulation that ended with $ mounted, squawking and fluttering, but $ flew away. See tracking notes for details. I was so close as this happened that I got a decent recording of the rolling grouse + the squawk on my Sony little tape recorder. This pair is obvious to me. 0041 $ in nut cup. $ approaches, L16C/TC + then RB. This is a repeated pattern, $ in NC + male display beside her. 0130 - general pattern this evening so far seems to be that the $ feeds at the male roost or stands alert, giving L16C on intermittently. $ feeds around $

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JP Myers 1980 Colidius melandotus Grid 3, NAKL, North Slope Borough, Alaska 23 June (cont') 0251 & approaching 9 in L16C/TC, squat position, then RG. Kept self R. Kept up RG for 37 seconds. As he did, she kept running in 80 light circles, less than 10 cm from 8 (he following her), her always with rear forward lean, neck withdrawn. She doesn't like this bull shit. 0443 The & aggressed toward the 8!! He had come over her hooting and was running up to him, looking at it about to L16C/TC. She flew at him from 2 m away, churring, and chased him for 1-2 sec. She then crouched. He flew away. A FIRST. 0453 - easy to spot when she is going into a nest cup because she starts running squat. Summary of this tracking session: The 8 remained with & Redhead throughout the Thus (0000-0700) I tracked her. He was the only 8 she played with. During these thus he remained within 50 m of her nest most of the time preening, feeding, growing, etc. He booted over her 17 times (once every 17.5 min). He mounted her once, and reached the squawk stage one other time. Her RG stage 6 other times. But most remarkable of all, beginning at 041a 283 (= 0443) she attacked aggressively at him and chased him away from her. 0 2320 returned to Grid 3 for another tracking session of & Redhead. Actually 8 arrived at 02215, Be coming early to place additional stakes on the grid. When I arrived then Redhead was working on a new nest cup. Every time I come to look for her I find her in < 5 min. She isn't knowing anywhere, as suggested by our tracking data. Her locus of activity has shrunk from ~2 ha on 21 June to 1 ha last night. This evening between 2320 and 0520 (6 hrs) she used ~0.5 kg. I am astonished at this trend. How can this & possibly be precocious? She uses but a fraction of 8's territory?. When I arrived she was working on a

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J P Players 1980 Calidris melanotos Grid 3, NARL, Barrow, AK 23 June (cmt'd) next cup. At 2320 she was in another. As it turned out, early in the morning of the 24th (≈D120 hrs) she laid her 1st egg in the next cup she was building at 2320. In all, I saw her work >15 different cups over the last 3 days + nightly (since 21 June). Nest cupping: begins as she creeps into new site beneath a clump of Caryx aquahilis. Begin by pressing down with breast, rising vertically (see Evening 22 June). This stage may last 3-4 minutes or only 20 sec. At the latter, then she leaves, abandoning that site. The longer sessions of milling are followed by her sitting in the cup, looking about alert, and then beginning to fidget with vegetation beside the cup, teasing it with her bill. This is mixed with periods of quiet alert. Finally she begins grabbing local lichens, Dactylium and Thamnolia, tossing them over her shoulder. (But) and after that she steps out of the nest, forward 3-4 cm, and continues to toss vegetation over her shoulder. Longer bouts of working on NC's last up to 5 min. Occasionally the β comes over, stands nearby beside her, and grants an HIG or even a RG display. 24 June At 0110 Reduced returned to the NC where she'd been at 2320. This time she simply got in without going through the breast pressing routine. She played with exuberant grasses for 5 minutes and tossed in a few lichens. After 8 minutes she began just sitting, or at least that's what it looked like. She remained in this NC for 23 minutes, during which time she LAYED HER 1ST EGG!! It had to come out some time.... Occupied with the β for 6 hours until 0520. The display frequency then dropped tremendously, only 6 bouts (because of tape recorder malfunction) I had only 316 minutes data-making for 1 hour 53 minutes). No copulation at two squawking episode. The β also spent much less time in L16 or L16/FC. It appears as if once copulation began the β spent much less energy on display, and increasingly less time with the β. It will be interesting to see if this trend continues through the duration of laying (or Redhead, this β).

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J Myers 1980 Calidris melanotos GRID 3, NARE, Barrow Attack 24 June COUNT 1552 reached grid 3. Reduced 9 was notably met; the 8 was there feeding 5b/one egg. At 1558 I found Redhead at virtually the SAME SPOT to the centimeter where I left in this am @ 0520. 1620 - 8 ignored by 8 so far; quite a contrast from earlier day (see my note, traveling accent by Myers + Sordahl). Interpolation - During early days of courtship, before the 8 has taken the final + ultimate step in commitment - i.e. egg laying - the 8 counts her almost exclusively. Then at some pt she decides this is the spot for her. It may have been that the aggression noted on the night of morning of 23 June was the turning point. After then she became indifferent toward the 8 + also be "known" she can't care because of the growing clutches. I have seen repeated small instances of 8->8 aggression since that evening. The 8 then begins to ignore her, except for brief periods which sometimes involve copulation. Weather this afternoon - temp = 38°F, 0 clouds, and Snaph from NE Summary - Redhead did not visit in nest during the 3hrs I tracked her. She was looked to only twice. No intensive group display. The 8 remain nearly but his color is cooling. Very little LIGC either. 25 June 0230 fog rolls in after a beautifully clear evening. Is this the return of normal Barrow weather? We have had a significant spectacularly warm mid/late June wind moderate from NE @ 10mph. By 0800 fog cleared. Redhead was not on her nest at 0800 but she now has 2 eggs but they are cool 0923 found Redhead 1140 - Redhead feeding by (27B) current S and Y:YM's nut (a local 8 maleant). Y:YM flew off nut and chased Redhead away. Chased Redhead twice once while 40m from nut. Y:YM then stood fiercely near Redhead with her tail depressed + back feathers raised, much like winter aggressive tail-down posture of territorial bird in winter.

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J Myers 1980 Calidris melanotos (land 3, NARL, Barrow, Alaska) 25 June cont'd I remained w/ this 9 until 1400 when Sordahl took over. During this swim she was hooded over 5 times in 283 minutes, once / 57 minutes. She had very few interaction with the 8, including only one RG and no squawk. Her 8 on foot began repeated display over a 2nd female. He largely ignored Redhead. So the trend continues. Returned at 1730 to take over from Sordahl. A remarkable evening on the 8 ignored her throughout the 8 hours I tracked. He had a 2nd female + was hooting over these incessantly. I noted because Redhead should be about to copulate for 3rd egg. Why does the 8 ignore her so completely? It is 100% consistent with the behavior of 8 toward other 99 we have tracked in this stage of laying PECULIATE! Equally remarkable is the fact that throughout the swim the 9 stayed within a 350m radius circle, straying over fewer than 0.25 ha. NOTE - Sordahl saw a Pomarine take GW:6W's nest today at 1600. 26 June 1330 began tracking GW:6W today, as she was being displayed to by 8, Redheads 8. She is in Mac area where this 8 was so active last night and probably was that 9. Briefly, her history: she began by laying on territory of 8 (map of 21 Jun). Briann + Tex tracked her during this period. She was detected making nut cups on 21 June + laid her first egg by 1630 that afternoon. Clutch completed by the morning of 25 Jun. But by that date 8 (again map of 21 Jun) had expanded his territory in that direction far enough to include her nest. Then 1600 hrs the pomarine struck. Late that night 8 began displaying incessantly to a 9 in her area, and I suspect it was her, especially given that he is displaying to her this a.m. Note: 25 Jun 1415 - GW:6W is crossing a boundary into 8's territory. 8, ad 8 are fighting at the boundary NOTE - whole melanotos scene exceedingly quiet today

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JP Myers 1980 Calidris mellarot Grid 3, Barrow, Alaska 26 June (CONTD) again on tracking 6W:6M — by 1600 I am impressed at the amount of movement by this bird. See tracking sheet. I picked her up in (-3,9). She fled to (-3,11) [100m], flow briefly, and then flew 250 m to (2,9), actually on the ridge. And her style of movement on the ground contrasts strongly with both laying & and incubating 9. She is clearly searching. She feeds for a while, then runs, and then stands upright and about, looking around. The (2,9) area, by the way, is controlled by yet another 03 05. However she goes to the tops of mounds as polygons + stands upright. In doing so she becomes very conspicuous. Her vent, incidentally, is not at all swollen. 1540. began tracking REDHEAD. I found her immediately upon reaching the vicinity of her nest, which has 3e now and she was not in. 07 was displaying to another 9, who was persistently BU. 1740 — ao I track redhead, now at 1740 05 has begun hooting to GW:6M (see previous tracking session) I remained with Redhead for 100 minutes. She went onto the nest during minute 27 and remained there for the duration. 2038 began tracking redhead again. She was on her nest at 2000 when I arrived. She has 3e yet. 07 paid her attention in the beginning of the session and she responded by getting off her nest, standing upright. He almost mounted. After that they had another interaction with 05 into whose territory she then barely. She gave 05 a strong BU as he hooted over her. She also churred aggressively. Re GW:6M: Throughout this evening 03 has been counting 6W:6M, hooting intensely + frequently. 03, fortunately, can be again recognized as an individual: he limps terribly (I’ll call him Limp) and he has a secondary or tertiary hanging osseous on his left wing. This is very visible in flight. Limp has been around since before the 21st, when I first noticed his unusual gait.

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JPMeyers 1980 Calidris malleatus GRID3, NARL, Burrow, Alaska 27 June 1330 - Redhead hen laid her 4th egg. GW:6M is again with flee 8', LIMP, She visited yesterday. I began tracking GW:6M@1340, I lost her so for some time (minute 34→78) 1450 - watching Redhead fed by (2,7) slabs. Q Y:Ym flies off her nest from Bm away to chase Redhead. 1539 tracking GW:6M again. Curious observation — from 2-3 meters, 8' (her scar) suddenly flew aggressively toward GW:6M + circle her around — flies back toward territory center with her. Then immediately the neighbor 8' (Q) rose from nowhere and did a border swoop, indicating that GW:6M had been in his area. Please center of 8's area It looked to me as if 8' needed GW:6M! 1645 began tracking GW:6M again after a brief hiatus. Looks to me as if her vent is swelling. 1656 8' has been L16C @20m distance from Q. She begins to approach him, clurring slightly. He crouches down, cocks tail. She continues to approach, and comes to within 2m. He swivels to Rb as she comes to within 20cm and leads beyond him; he starts running after her, Rb, then begins to squawk with both wings up, then one wing up. He flies off @1825 1705 Another HERDING INCIDENT (see 1539, above): GW:6M has been steadily flying toward LIMP's border w/ 8' around (2,10). Suddenly at 1704:45 he began clurring aggressively from 20m away. He flew at her, forcing her back and around so that she flew away from the border — more central to his territory [see

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JPMayer 1980 Calidris maritima GRID 3, NARL Barrow Alaska 27 June (continuation) Tracking sheet, minute 18). The fact that this is a boundary became clear moment later when O3 flew up from 10 m away and had a border fight with Limp, directly over the area where GW:6M had been feeding and from where Limp forced her. Again, it looked like an incident of herding behavior, or if Limp was keeping GW:6M within the confines of his territory, or possibly teaching her ???! 1728 GW:6M again approaching boundary. "If that was herding before, then the O3 (Limp) ought to chase her soon" <-- vibration from tape 1729 2 kids from pomarine jaeger 1730 O-Limp chased 9 back to center of territory. He flew at her from 10 m away, dived, circled around + she returned in a flight of 90 m toward Limp's territory's center. INCREDIBLE. Limp is keeping her away from the edge of his boundary. As GW:6M flew, O3 flew again and AGAIN Limp and O3 have a boundary fight over the very spot from where Limp chased GW:6M. This HERDING of GW:6M by Limp has now happened on two separate borders, one with O3 and one with O9. On each occasion (twice) the Limp 1st chased GW:6M back + then returned to fight with the neighbour Shortly after this happened O5-Limp- left GW:6M and went to another 9 at the opposite end of his territory. GW:6M hung around for 20 more minutes but then she split, flying 200 m off the ridge to the vicinity of her old nest. In quick succession 2 separate O8's display) to her, O6, who controlled the area around her nest as she was laying, and O7, who usurped that area. I was not able to keep up with her and lost her in a border dispute between O6 and O7. 28 June 1300 rechecked grid and began looking for GW:6M. Could not find him. Did find

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JPMcNas 1980 Colidris melanotus GRID 3, NARL, Barrow, AK 28 June (cmt'd) one receptive Q (1c. with swollen vent) in tree (3,5) area - M'Caffrey later found her nest (PS21). Limp was there with her, remaining quiet. 1410 - Y:VM feeding near (-3,11), ~300 m from her nest 1630 - Another new PS nest, then me near (6,8). This nest has only 3 eggs but nevertheless the Q is putting up to a local P who is displaying to her, and hooting over her. Q 1550 Y:VM:- chased C. algina away from her nest (~15 m away) 1630 - I finally found 6W:6M and began tracking 1747 - an intruding transient P? close beside 6W:6M. He starts L16C/RC and quickly begins RC. She puts her tail down, ruffles feathers, much like winter hooting display. Limp came in and chased him off. Limp has a real limp + has difficulty in displays because it is so pronounced. If Zahavi's handicap principle is correct then can we expect all P? to show a limp in the future? Not only that - he rarely hoots, and finally, he has a 2? that is arched+ so badly so that he is readily recognizable in flight.] Summary - 6W:6M spent 2 hrs cruising rapidly by foot over much of Limp's territory. She spent the 1st 27 minute, however, on P? 's area. For the duration Limp remained with her. He hooted once, reached SQUAWK once, and RC once. 6W:6M investigated 2 separate nest areas. In their interaction several times she came to him from 10-20 m away as he gave L16C/RC. 29 June While I found Limp as soon as I arrived at 0400 this am, I did not find 6W:6M until 0526. Most likely she was just roosting quietly quickly because I found her right where Limp was all along. Began tracking immediately. By 0505 about all I saw was one [order fight involving Limp, plus two high P? ? chased away in the sky over the grid. Otherwise [illegible] quit.

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3PVugens 1980 Codius melanotus G610 3, NARL, Barrow, Alaska 29 Jun cont'd When I found her at 0526, Grump was in L16C/TC. Very quickly that went to R6 and Squawk, + he began to mount but stopped. Without a doubt, as he gave L16C/TC, she approached him from 10 m away. I see this approach business regularly—he gives L16C/TC as she is feeding at some distance, he squats down on grass continuing L16C/TC, she approaches. She feeds to within 50 cm of him + continues [illegible]. Beyond. As she passes, she rises into R6.... Second, it is common for the SQUAWK to curl as the 3rd stops onto her back briefly. 0620—introducing 8' animal and hare; G.W.G.M for 1.5 minutes before Grump stumbles on to the scene. She chorused aggressively at the intruder and also gave him a BU. 0800 another intruding 8' sneaks up to her—goes into L16C/TC, then R6. She lifts up + churrs. This 8' gives as far as Squawk even though G.W.G.M in churning + BU. Finally he cools off after 3 minutes. But begins again in 6 minutes. This second hassle episode saw the 8' go to Squawk but G.W.G.M was ever resistant. Finally after 10 minutes (again of artful) Grump appears and chases him off. Remained tracking until 0835 when Sondell took over. At 1635 I replaced McCaffrey. I tracked G.W.G.M for 43 minutes until abruptly she flew off the grid to the area of her old nest, ~(-2.8) A 8', probably 8', immediately hooted overhead. I say probably because he is in the same location as 8' but his pectoral sac is regressing as his foot is faint. I came down after her but could not find her again in an hour of search. DRAT. What is she doing down here? Other than 8', the whole area is clear out here. Echoes of P.melanotus flying over conspicuously.

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JPhelps 1980 Calidor's mulemotors GRID 3, IVARL Barrow, Alaska 30 June 0600 banding 6W:6M on her nest; as they is happening Limp in 4/6C/TC and RG to her, she is BV even though she has bat 3eggs in her clutch. 0615 found 6W:6M, began tracking immediately 0650 - an intruder ? appears to be trying to set up shop between Limp and ?q - it is involved with both, one after the other, in border flights along the border between Limp and ?q. 0810 - she has yet to do any nest cup building. Based on that fact and on her slower pace + the obvious swollen vent, I think she has begun to lay [prediction taped at 0810]. Unfortunately I couldn't test the prediction because she flew away at 0820, returning to the vicinity of an old nest (-7,9). While I saw her land down there, she was quickly approached by a ?+ swept up in a chase. I never heard her again that morning. Her behavior is a bit odd - this makes her 3rd time she has disappeared in that direction, flying abruptly from the (2,9) region to (2,0) + getting lost. What is she doing down there? 1 July 0603 tracking 6W:6M. Within 12 minutes I noticed that her pace had slowed even more from yesterday + that her vent was fuller and more swollen. She acquired against a ?LL. She behaves like a laying ? At 0634 she went onto a nut - had 1 egg at 0630 and 2 eggs at 0715. Thus my prediction from yesterday was correct - she began laying yesterday a.m. Her nut, if it is an Limp's area - is just barely on. In fact it is imprecisely the same spot from which he headed his terror on 29 June (see tracking) ?an Limp usurped this area? Or is she off his territory? There seems to be 2 ways to play ? mulemotors. One is the Redhead - never stray from the ?'s territory. The 2nd is as 6W:6M - more inaccurately [see tracking data]. It's going to be interesting to see if she moves about during this laying sequence.

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JPhyus 1980 Calidris melaenotos CmID 3, NARL, Barrow, Alaska 1 July A note on the nesting habitat of GW:GM. Her first nest was in low wet stuff-, Carex-Eriophorum russculum along the rim of a low center polygon. Then one in 1982 on a high center polygon near the N edge of Gakline, in Gakox-Ben antica mire uplands. That represents a substantial microhabitat change, and curiously, she chose the more upland site 3rd, later in the season after considerably drying of tundra. 0940 8 Lime hools at over GW:6m + what a poor showing. His call is but a minor remnant of what it has been. Moreover, looking at him now it's obvious that his breast sac is regressing, diminishing drastically in size. Many of the local 8 are similarly changing

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JPilgers 1980 Calidris melanotos NARL Burrow, Slade 2 July ♂-♀ interactions - a catalog [sc alert-pawn placed later] HERDING - see Myers 27 June 1980 Shooting -to ♂ - will occur as ♀ fly by early in season in early season flocks - ♂ rises off the territory having seen ♀ flock a long way off. ♂ intercepts flock ♂♀ flirt + intercepts directly, boots in flight directly in flight, not going toward them but unskilled anticipating their position. Will occur to single ♀ flying alone. Our notably thing about this is that ♂ will bank away when he reaches his boundary (in contrast to aggressive ♂♀ chases). Also contrasts from ♂-♀ later season chases because ♂ doesn't typically include the aggressive chases he will later on. ♀ reaction is usually to continue on. I think this is how ♂ original got ♀ to settle. Once the ♀ settles the court changes to classic style. Early in their pair interaction he boots once every 5-7 minutes. Classic form: ♂ perched downwind from ♀. Stands on mound with chest inflated, flirt Boon (see below) He turns around as facing ♀ who is feeding on grass. Just before boot he turns sideways, flies downwind, circles around + passes directly over ♀, chest sac throbbing + so low over the grass that his chest grazes the grass in passage. ↓wind ♂♀ ↑boot 45° on his mound

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JP Myers 1980 Calidris melaenus NARL, Barrow, Alaska & July (Cont'd) While the M very often goes directly over the F, sometimes he "misses"— he does it over where she was instead of where she is, and her movements to the new site were cryptic. As the interaction between a pair progresses, particularly when the F begins laying a clutch, hooting over that F stops almost completely—from seven 1 every 5-10 minutes to less than 1 per hour. At the same time he may be hooting frequently over another F. Finally, as the season draws to a close, the tone of some M's hoots changes. They appear to lose this change is correlated with changes in the bird's clutch condition—they lose resonance and volume as the clutch regresses. This is individual variation in hoot characteristics, particularly the lead-in phrase, whether they change pitch noticeably during a given hoot, hoot length, etc. Functional significance of hoot—mostly involved in attracting F. Most commonly seen to F who are in process of settling on an area. Once F commits herself to a site hooting becomes less frequent. If F's response to a M hoot is to hoot. Occasionally we also see F males hooting as they are in a border fight but this may be because they are simultaneously contesting the border and displaying to the F that provoked the fight. Paradox—we also see M's hooting to F's with completed clutches especially after she has spat out all her nest. F reactions to hoots 1- nothing 2. Crouch—@birds before M passes over, rather cryptic @ a momentary started duck 3) butt-up - axis of body elevated, not horizontal tail cocked, often churrs.

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J Pligers 1980 Calidris melanotos NAIRL Barrow, Alaska 2 July (cont'd) move on Butt-up — invariably given by ♂ with complete clutts or ♀ boots near her. Also sometimes by ♂ who complete clutts. ♂ GROUSE DISPLAYS LOW INTENSITY GROUSE CALL — LIGC a continuum of head postures — either very alert or slightly tilted. ♂ stands and makes growling noise. Homologous with C.alpina frog call, Repeated growl ~ 0.8/sec with the call 0.4 sec and silent interval 0.4 sec. Can be as long as 1 call or as long as several minutes continuous. Usually 5-15 seconds long. This call occurs throughout period of interaction between ♂ + ♀, from onset when the ♂ is either hooting or grouse all the way through to the end of egg laying. ♂ is usually on a mound doing this but he will also do it while feeding or even while shooting with his bill tucked. Often he is 10-30 m from the ♀, but sometimes as far as 50-100 m. Given only when ♀ is nearby. ♀ response — nothing, continue feeding. LIGC/TC — (with tail cocked) Same noise, tail cocked, feathers slightly puffed (particularly on rear), head retracted, body usually squatted down if not definitely lowered to ground. Chest is saggy slightly. Usually gets off mound to do this. Can be short duration or much longer, >1 minute. Often moves or even runs toward female in this posture. Alternatively he may squat on ground. When this happens the ♀ may approach him (in fact due to frequency, often from distance of 10-30 m, approaching to within less than 1 m.)

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J P Myers 1980 Calidris melanotos NARL, Barrow, Alaska 2 July (Contd) The pitch of the call may change as β goes from L16C to L16C/2. When the γ reaches the β + goes beyond him he often changes to R6 (see below). For strange variant of this interaction see McLafferty's entry to C. melanotos phenology 22 June 1980. Involves unusual γ erect posture and possible mutual ant cupping by β. See also Sheppard 1978 and Myers 1976 Rolling Group - R6 - given in close proximity to γ, usually in pursuit on ground, 5-15 cm away + moves rapidly. Usually from TC group but can start de novo. Sorsdal: "How do they do that?" While he does R6 the γ usually keeps her tail toward him + changes direction constantly. He may face her or stand broadside. Posture during R6 - laterally compressed like a rail with tail cocked. Sorsdal: "Looks as though his throat sac is fibrillating" with the sac bouncing at an incredible pace. Various parts contracting at the same time. Head is moving up and down. The R6 actually has two vocalizations - one is the R6 itself, the fibrillation, in an insane repeated klec klec klec (hardly do it justice). This sound continues nonstop. Superimposed on that is ahoot at periodic intervals so that the overall effect is as pitelén describes: craw craw craw klec klec klec craw craw craw klec klec klec where the craw is actual composed of klec and hoot. The birds head moves up and down during the craw craw craw phase, which lasts 2-3 sec each time, as does klec klec klec. If R6 persists he gets behind her and enters SQUAWK which is an obnoxious wheying sound, almost a squeal or a breathy hiss. As he does this his neck is extended fully until he begins to flutter his wings - one wing then both wings. It is 5-10 cm from her + gets close enough to step onto her back. The average SQUAWK is really two calls - a wheeze alternated with

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J.P. Myers 1980 Calidris melanotos NARL, Barrow, Alaska 2 July (contin.) the aggressive jabber note: Further + further into the SQUAWK as he gets closer + begins to flutter the jabber takes less + less time. Throughout the where his mouth is open + it is strongly red in color inside. There is a strong Arch to his neck (see Photo by Myers); he is on his toes, stamping. The wing-ups sometimes begin as tentative wing-outs, then single wing up, then double wing up. When this happens he stops moving advantage Squawker forward. She stands erect + puffs out her neck feathers slightly, plum du tatie a fine tentative step into her back. Paradoxically, after all this work, the P frequently breaks-off. Just as he steps up, he stops the squawk, stands erect, preens, and flies off. Sometimes the Q breaks off by flying. Sometimes he will stand erect after this, + rarely he will flash a wing up--see W/Lafferty's entry into Phenology account for melanotos. When she flies he flies to, rather very far. The break-off can come before he starts to step up. If there is no break-off, copulation ensues. The P remains on the Q for up to a minute, fluttering all the while. The Q's receptivity appears to be indicated by her posture--a Q standing erect with neck feathers slightly puffed out is more likely to go farther in the display than one who's neck is withdrawn and who keeps running away. Sondahl: "odd that the Q's receptive posture in melanotos is just the opposite of what it is in other shorebirds, where a Q goes horizontal if not slightly bent-up just prior to copulation". Q->P aggression Surprising observations of Q's aggression toward P. See tracking note by Myers on 23 June. A second set of observations of same were obtained by Myers tracking GW+6M + directed toward transient P. Finally, W/Lafferty saw W-RM on 1 July claw both transient P and transient Q away from nest. So, Sondahl also saw

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J P Nye (980) Calidris malleatus NARL, Barrow, Alaska 2 July (cont'd) ♀ -:wm chase a resident ♂ away from his nut as he came into burrow her during distraction display. ♀♀ regularly chase other ♂ away from nest vicinity. Redhead appeared to be inconsistent about this. Y.Y.M was very consistent, always chasing ♂♂ from around his nut. These observations are in trailing accounts. Note on Grousing again - (1) When a ♂ is distracting such as when she has been speared off the nut, the ♂ never begins with a LIGC. It always goes directly to LIGC/TC. (2) Traumint ♂♂, when displaying to a ♀, usually omit LIGC. Further, their posture is a bit off - tail isn't as cocked, feathers slightly ruffled. → Typically their LIGC/TC was with ♂ agogery toward ♀, often cheery in air. Aerial ♂-♀ chase. One to n (≤10 but usually 2-4) ♂♂ chase ♀ in air for several minutes. Usually we don't see beginning but when we do it often begins with a ♀ speared off her nut. It can involve resident-traumint ♂♂. There is great variability in the extent to which a given ♂ will stray from his territory. Often a ♂ goes only to its border or slightly beyond. Sometimes he will go 600-1000 m. A chase draws in ♂♂ off territory from all around. ♂ become alert as a chase approaches and then joins it as they go by. ♀ can be laying or incubating - we have observation of redhead being chased 2 days before laying. But we also see ♀♀ off nuts in chases. The chase ends - somewhere- by the ♀ falling into the grass + ♂♂ piling up around her. They fight among themselves + take off but she crawches and hiding. Chases can last 6-10 minutes with the ♂♂ varying from 1-10 in number. These chases can often be at very high altitude - minimum of 150 m. When you follow individual ♂♂ they seem to concentrate on the ♀, particularly when it is low/high. In lower chases often one ♂ will go for the other ♂ which they go for the ♀. Much maneuvering, zig zags.

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S Phillips 1980 Calidris melanotos NARL, Barrow, Alaska 2 July (cont'd) Can also be observed with parallel border flutter flights. No vocalizations given during this interaction. Border Fights - Often one or both 87 gets very erect + they face head on. You then see a striking pattern of black & white because of contracting chest and belly with tail fanned. During the fight they grapple viciously, crouch, then spring again to the fray. Tail is fanned (at least it is when they're moving slowly enough.) Sometimes only one has tail fanned. One bird constantly seems to try to get on top of the other + then jab it in the back of the head or grab its feathers. There rarely is a clear cut winner. Ends as one heads off toward territory. No noise other than wings striking. Border Swoop - Dovetail a single 87, possibly someone who has been cherry a treasure through his neat + reaches the boundary. He swoops around in an arc 20-50 m - 100 m long neck withdrawn → outside of territory exposes underside to neighbor Usually occurs more or less at boundary but will go farther, sometimes by 50 m. Myers has detailed this in previous years accounts (1976?) 87-87 Chase - a very distinctive low flight - very rapid wing beat somewhat shallow. There is a noticeable chestnut to his profile. Much like portion of Tryngite in border patrol flight. "a 'burniness'" This flight is also used as he tails off in pursuit of 87-9 chasers. Wing-ups w/ 88? Very rare. Used in context of aggression. See M. Calkins's note 1979 and 1980 (28 June) - [also something like a Calpinna wing fold (24 June 1980)] → Flapped undulating at other 87 30 m away, held 7 sec.

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JPMyers 1980 Calidris pusilla At Kasook on the Wladys River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 2 June saw my first pusilla today, a single bird flying horribly NE across the river 3 June many solitary pusilla moving NE, not pausing a moment as they lit the river and over to the opposite bank. Also seeing some flocks of 5-10, again all going NE. Others, however, are stopping locally. First motorboat display heard at 10:15 this morning. Checked area (26,38) for banded Surinam scapipal but not there. One bird was displaying in that area. 4 June still many pusilla moving through, most singly as now their direction isn't so uniformly NE. In heavily stained areas with patches of clear ground small flocks of 5-10 drop down to the patching to feed. Bkx 0945-Surinam Scap; is back - he was at his old territory on 26,38 just W of the end of TB, fighting over a boundary with his neighbor. 7 June not cup displays on the grid. No more movements seen throughout today, very few yesterday. 11 June spooked a Scree of a nut today, robot-running. Did not find the nut. Quite a bit of aerial chasing still evident. 13 June pusilla strilas were being inordinately abundant this year. Within the fact that they are displaying all over the Trygnita lake.

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JPAyers 1980 Calidris alpina 4+ karook on the Mcade River, North Slope, Alaska 31 May 2 alpina in the runway when I arrived. Later that evening I saw 4 at the Tryngitu grid (25,42). No display 2 June Solitary dunlin whizzed past me several times today. Found one flock of 7 at (~28,30) on a sandy lichen ridge high above the east bank of the river. Absolutely no sign of display yet 3 June Small flocks of 5-10 flying NE as I walk along the river bluff, one every few minutes. None pause as they reach the bluff, dip down over the river and fly beyond the far bank. (25,42) again then au dunlin scold on the ground, most in small flocks. Throughout day flocks of 5-10 have been whizzing past me. At first, all around NE. By 7 by midday or (300 at least they again to scatter every which way. At 145 I heard my first alpina frog call of the year. Even still, most birds are in (flocks + remain) so all day long. 4 June movement by dunlin continued today, most headed NE. Much more display activity, however, as some obviously paired birds 6 June dunlin have stopped moving through. Display everywhere BARREL, Barrow, Alaska 16 June dunlin densities seems very low compared to other years.

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J P Myers 1980 Stercorarius pomarinus At Kassok on the Muddy River, North Slope Borough, Alaska 1 June Two flocks moving NE toward the Chukchi this evening. The year's first 3 June yesterday there weren't many. Today it feels as if the push is beginning. Saw ~75 including one flock of 35 and one of 21, all moving incredibly NE. They look so ominous. Black knights off to fight the incoming plague. 4 June More than 150 moved passed today, probably 200-300. Biggest push was during evening when between 2000 and 2400 I saw 150 or so, most in flocks of 25-30. 7 June flights of pomarins continued through evening of 5th but tapered off rapidly thereafter. Only occasional solitary one seen today. 11 June not seeing any more pomarins. 2230 hrs-I take that back. 2 flocks of pomarins totaling 35 went by the Trigga lick this evening NARL Barrow, Alaska See JOURNAL re incoming avian scene at Barrow this year. 17 June Today saw [illegible] flock of 7 pomarins headed east over the Tundra.

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MYERS 1980 DAILY LIST: BARROW, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 28 May 24 30 31 16 June 17 June 18 June 19 June 20 June 21 June 22 June 23 June Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Branta bernicla Anas acuta Clangula hyemalis Polysticta stelleri Somateria mollissima S. spectabilis S. fischeri Charadrius semipalmatus Pluvialis dominica Arenaria interpres Calidris melanotos C. fuscicollis C. baiddii C. alpina C. alba C. pusilla C. mauri Tryngites subruficollis Limnodromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicarius P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus S. longicaudus Larus hyperboreus Rissa tridactyla Xema sabini Sterna paradisaea Ceppus grivile Nyctea scandiaca Asio flammeus Passerculus sandwichensis Calcarius lapponicus Plectrophenax nivalis BONUS BIRDS Anas americana Fremophila alpestnis Vermivora cilata Baeer albfrees Falco sparverius Mcanthis Melospiza liniginnii Zonotrichia leucophrys Pyrrus nativus Calidris rubicola Calidris canutus Limosa haemastica Chen hyperboreus Calidris minuta Zonotrichia atricapilla Acanthis * Collected - specimens to U of Alaska Museum

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Myers 1980 DAILY LIST: BARROW, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 June July Gavia arctica 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 G. stellata G. adamsii Branta bernicla Anas acuta 20 15 20 10 20 10 5 10 5 Clangula hyemalis 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 2 2 Polysticta stelleri 5 2 9 5 5 10 5 10 6 Somateria mollissima S. spectabilis 6 S. fischeri 1 Charadrius semipalmatus 1 1 Pluvialis dominica 20 20 10 20 20 20+ 20+ 40 40 30 Arenaria interpres 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 Calidris melanotos 40 30 100 100 100 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ C. fuscicollis 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C. baairdi 5 10 10 10 5 1 2 5 5 10 C. alpina 20 30 30 30 30 20 20 20 20 30 C. alba C. pusilla 10 5 5 5 10 6 4 5 5 30 C. mauri 2 Tryngites subruficollis 4 2 1 Limnodromus scolopaceus 10 5 5 5 5 2 20 30 30 30 Phalaropus fulicarius 20+ 30+ 30+ 30+ 30 200+ 200+ 100+ 100+ 100+ P. lobatus 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 5 20 Stercorarius parasiticus 2 5 2 2 2 1 2 2 S. pomarinus 10 10 10 10 20 10 10 5 5 2 S. longicaudus 1 1 5 2 2 7 2 1 Larus hyperboreus 5 10 10 5 10 5 5 5 Rissa tridactyla Xema sabini Sterna paradisaea Ceppus grylle 1 2 2 9 2 2 1 1 Nyctea scandiaca 1 1 Asio flammeus # 1 1 Passerculus sandwichensis 2 Calcarius lapponicus 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ 100+ Plectrophenax nivalis 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 30 BONUS BIRDS Acanthis #Chordails minor Anser albifrons 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 *collected - specimen to Univ. Alaska Museum, Daniel Gibson

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JPMycus 1980 DAILY LIST: ATKASOOK, NORTH SLOPE BOROUGH, ALASKA date location May June 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Gavia arctica G. stellata G. adamsii Olor columbianus Anser albifrons Anas platyrhynchos A. acuta A. crecca carolinensis Clangula hyemalis Somateria spectabilis Lagopus lagopus L. mutus Pluvialis dominica P. squatarola Arenaria interpres Calidris melanotos C. alpina C. mauri C. pusilla Tryngites subruficollis Limnodromus scolopaceus Phalaropus fulicarius P. lobatus Stercorarius parasiticus S. pomarinus S. longicaudus Larus hyperboreus Sterna paradisaea Nyctea scandiaca Asio flammeus Motacilla flava Passerculus sandwichensis Zonotrichia leucophrys Calcatris lapponicus Acanthis sp. Plectrophax nivalis BONUS BIRDS Chen hyperborea Tyto alba Branta bernicla Anthus spinolleta Grus canadensis * * Calidris alba * * * * Calidris himantopus * * Xema sabini Somateria fischeri Olor californicus Aethia wainu Butorides virescens Austriola suecica Spizella arborea Calidris bairdi Corvus corax Mimus polyglottos * * Calidris canus * * Hirundo rustica Numenius phaeopus Limosa lapponica Gallinago gallinago Circus cyaneus 24 13 23 33 43 36 31 adult & calling all day until at grid windowing

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