J P Nye (980) Calidris malleatus NARL, Barrow, Alaska 2 July (cont'd) ♀ -:wm chase a resident ♂ away from his nut as he came into burrow her during distraction display. ♀♀ regularly chase other ♂ away from nest vicinity. Redhead appeared to be inconsistent about this. Y.Y.M was very consistent, always chasing ♂♂ from around his nut. These observations are in trailing accounts. Note on Grousing again - (1) When a ♂ is distracting such as when she has been speared off the nut, the ♂ never begins with a LIGC. It always goes directly to LIGC/TC. (2) Traumint ♂♂, when displaying to a ♀, usually omit LIGC. Further, their posture is a bit off - tail isn't as cocked, feathers slightly ruffled. → Typically their LIGC/TC was with ♂ agogery toward ♀, often cheery in air. Aerial ♂-♀ chase. One to n (≤10 but usually 2-4) ♂♂ chase ♀ in air for several minutes. Usually we don't see beginning but when we do it often begins with a ♀ speared off her nut. It can involve resident-traumint ♂♂. There is great variability in the extent to which a given ♂ will stray from his territory. Often a ♂ goes only to its border or slightly beyond. Sometimes he will go 600-1000 m. A chase draws in ♂♂ off territory from all around. ♂ become alert as a chase approaches and then joins it as they go by. ♀ can be laying or incubating - we have observation of redhead being chased 2 days before laying. But we also see ♀♀ off nuts in chases. The chase ends - somewhere- by the ♀ falling into the grass + ♂♂ piling up around her. They fight among themselves + take off but she crawches and hiding. Chases can last 6-10 minutes with the ♂♂ varying from 1-10 in number. These chases can often be at very high altitude - minimum of 150 m. When you follow individual ♂♂ they seem to concentrate on the ♀, particularly when it is low/high. In lower chases often one ♂ will go for the other ♂ which they go for the ♀. Much maneuvering, zig zags.