Greenland Journal III 1916

(Rabbit) Greenland Journal III

J. L. FAIRBANKS & CO. STATIONERS 15 Franklin St., Boston No. 115 E. O. Moore- Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.- W. 77th St. & C. P. W.- New York. Greenland Journal III. Beaufort Wind Nos. Kind Veloc. mi./hr for how many hrs. 0 Calm 0 0-2 1 Light air 2 2-5 2 Light breeze 5 6-11 { Light breeze 3 Gentle " 10 12-18 } 4 Moderate " 15 19-27 } Moderate " 5 Fresh " 21 28-36 } 6 Strong " 27 37-46 { Strong wind 7 High wind 35 47-56 } 8 Gale 42 57-68 Gale 9 Strong gale 50 69-80 } 10 Whole " 59 81-93 Storm 11 Storm 68 94-110 } 12 Hurricane 75+ +++ Hurricane- B - Blue sky P. Passing showers Dots under a letter are for emphasis. C - Clouds (detached) Q. Squally R = heavy rain D - Drizzling rain R. Rain R = very " " E. Wet without rain S. Snow F. Foggy T. Thunder G. Gloomy U. Ugly (threatening) H. Hail V. Visibility low I. Lightning W. Over M. Misty Z. Stage 4R = 4 hrs rain O. Overcast Fog = 0, none; 1, light, 2, 3, moderate; 4, 5, heavy Fog & now

14 February. Monday. Overcast and somewhat thick, though moon is visible at 1 p.m. Bad weather on the ice eff. S.O.S.E. wind continues to flow. Is moderate at ship but cold. Temp. min.-11°; 9a.-10°; noon-8°; 3 p.-10½° Crown of 1st molar, which became loose yes- ofb terday, was taken and re-cemented in place by Dr. Hunt to-day. He has prac- ticed dentistry more frequently than medicine up here. Chief surgical and medical cases among members of staff have been Janquary's broken arm, Green's illness, and Allen's con- gested kidneys, Ekblaw's frozen foot and Janquary's frozen toes. He (Dr. H.) has been very serviceable to the Eskimos and now is to the crew of the "Cleott" and to me. This afternoon Ekblaw and I took

a 3+ mile walk on land, visiting [2] a snowdrift glacier in a valley N.E. of the igloo. Snow cornice beautiful with its drapery of heavy curtains in rows parallel to the vertical surface of the ice front. A "drop fault" in the ice has made a pretty grotto 25 to 30 feet deep from front to back, 6 or 8 feet high, wedge shaped with ceiling coated with festoons of frost due to congelation of vapor rising from broad, deep crack in the floor. Exceptionally broad, sharply defined halo of large diameter around the moon this evening. Wind has almost died out and we hope now for better weather. 15 February. Tuesday. Clear except for low haze along horizon. Sinis says lit highest peaks. Temp. min - 190; 9a-190; 11(?) - 270

1 p.-18°; 3 p.-18°. Calm or nearly so. [3] Out with Dr. Hornt and Pudtlak to seal blow-hole in the ice two miles from "Cluett". Pudtlak bent down at once smelled of the hole to determine its freshness. I tested it and found it musky. The hole is about an inch across. Leaving Pudtlak to watch it, Dr. Hornt walked in one direction and I in another looking for a second hole. We zigzagged over a wide area, but without success. Dr.'s course lay toward the ship and he came in. Mine was outward and I walked 8 or 9 miles before getting back to the "Cluett". Pudtlak gave up watching the hole after an hour or so and went on out beyond Par- kur Snow Point looking for a lead beside which he might use his net for seal.

Left lower wisdom tooth began 5/14 ache again and Dr. Hunt had to take out the gutta percha filling and plug the hole with oil of cloves. What a lot of mis- ery a bad tooth can cause! and what a relief the oil of cloves gives! Dr. examined my heart on my return from my 3+ hour walk and said that it was acting better, seem- ingly nearly normal, probably a re- sult of the exercise equalizing the circulation. Later I had an hour oppressed or more of the distressed feeling in my chest, but he said that it was nothing serious. I wonder - at any rate the feeling ceased when my tooth stopped aching. At 7:45 Sigllu and Boseman arrived from Unalak and an hour (?) later Alatutsiak came

in. They had been held up by the open leads off Petowik glacier, which did not close until last night. Alakutsiak has only four dogs now, having lost two while he was away. He is as cheerful as ever and as for as a seal from the abundance he has had to eat. He brought some meat for Pudflak, and his family. 16 February. Wednesday - Clear except toward horizon. Calm. Temp. 9 a.m.-21°; 9 p.m.-18°; noon-18° About 10:30 all three kamatiks be- gan to start back to Umanak, Sigdler leading with Ekblaw and most of his baggage. I had started out for my daily walk. They overtook me a half mile this side of the big gulch.

Ek jumped off for a final good bye to me, I hated to see him go, although I know full well the need of his departure. It is doubtful now whether he will be able to reach E. tuk before Mac Millan leaves on his long trip. Ek reached the "Cluest" early in the evening of 17 September, five months ago tomorrow, and I have found him a fine fellow and an inspiring companion. Dr. Hunt has decided to re- main on the ship, because he says, I need him now for my teeth and am liable to need him on account of my heart. I do not like being an object of solici- tude either to myself or to others. This morning at ten o'clock the

chief started for Corical Rock [7] on a wager of a blue fox skin each with the second mate that he could make the round trip within five hours. He started off at a too rapid gait, taking French Ben as companion and toting Dr. Hunt's automatic as a pre- caution against meeting a bear. — at 1:45 the two— turned, having turned the trick in 3 3/4 hours, which was excel- lent time. They encountered con- siderable thin ice near the island and were in danger more than once. Ben broke through with one foot and got his leg into the water above the knee. The chief earned his fox skins all right, and I for one was glad of his success.

17 February - Thursday. Clear, almost cloudless, calm. Magnificent day, followed by cloud-less, brilliant evening. Full moon. Venus and Jupiter a beautiful sight in the west. Temp. min -28°; 9a.-24°; noon -25° 6:30p.-25° Chief put second band of brass around cabin stove, completely inclosing the fire pot. Efficiency of stove as a heater reduced, but the stove will not fall apart quite yet. Out for six mile walk. As far as gulch with chief who then turned back, we bring them in the full sun- lights. First time this year and it was fine to have it to enjoy again. I think that these Eskimos might be excusable if they were sun- worshipers, but they seem to be almost without religion of any

kind. Went out to next point, [19] where I met Dr. Hunt and Mac Dougal returning from the cache near Cape Dudley Digges, Dr. was tuing- fifty ing in a fifty pound box of prunes. It seemed to me like quite a load for a five mile carry, but Dr. said that it was "nothing". Once he carried a 130-pound deer carcass on his shoul- ders through the Maine woods. I wore my kooletah in addition to my bear skin pants and found myself too warmly clothed for much walking. Better too warm than too cold, however, in my present condition. Had first class hare-stew for dinner to-day - but nothing else except bread, biscuit, butter and tea. Standard breakfast continues to be oatmeal or cornmeal mush, beans, bread, butter, molasses and coffee.

The low rays of the sun pro-duced a beautiful effect, shining through the snow-ice crystals on the bay ice and giving a broad band of bright prismatic colors. One good parhelion too was in the southwest. 18 February. Friday. Slightly hazy overhead. Increasing- ly cloudy from horizon. Southern clouds threaten wind, but almost calm at ship all day in fjord. At 6 p.m. gale from S.E. struck the ship and we are shiver- ing this evening, although the tempera-ture has risen considerably. With flying snow. Temp. min.-26°; 9 a.-21°; noon -18°; 3 p.-13° Worked on Rasmussen letter for some hours they went out alone for a four-mile walk to base of nor- thern branch Clavett glacier and the

snow drift ridge glacier at [1] the western end of the big nunatak. Fine snow cornice along the up- per part of the ridge. Sun was visible from ship's deck attend shortly before sunset at about 3 p.m. Was almost but not quite far enough north yester- day to be seen from the ship. The sunset colors were as brilliant and gorgeous as they were last October. Beautiful rose tint on high snow- coved mountain N.E. of bay. Dr. Hunt examined Pudtlak's eyes as well as he could without instruments and thinks that there [illegible] may be some hope of helping him, if he is sent to copenhagen. Trouble probably due to snow blindness and not to free- ing of the eyeballs as Peter supposed.

Dr. Hunt applied electricity (12) to Charlie this evening in the hope of helping him out of trouble. Great excitement at 7:30 when Char- lie came down, leaving the door of the canvas house open. We thought that the wind would carry the canvas away, before the mate could get the door shut. Charlie did not seem to have any idea of the danger to which he exposed us, though he had been told often enough to be careful to close the door after him when the wind was blowing. 19 February. Saturday. Somewhat overcast and cloudy this morning, clearing overhead about noon, but heavy clouds near horizon and banks of fog

or low cloud on southern mts. [13] Temp. min -2.1°; 9a.+1°; 11a -4° 2:30 p.-10° Last nights heavy gale blew itself out about 4 this morning and the day has been calm until this evening, About 7p.m. S.E. wind began blowing strongly again. Dr. Hornut and I walked out to Cape Dudley Digges and back- a good 10-mile tramp. Wind had blown away all the loose snow, hence the footing was almost per- fec[t], the weather being all that could be desired, the walk was very enjoyable. Petowik Glacier looked beautiful, with the sunlight touching its higher parts. Wosten- holme Island & Cape Athol in the background. Dr. brought back

six cans of clam chowder for 1/4 my use at the evening luncheons, which he directed me to eat. Cape Dudley Digges is a black hornblende gneiss, beautifully band- ed with white and pink feldspar and showing strong contortion. Thick transverse veins of quartz and feldspar are numerous. Saw considerable epidote. Dr. says that Small was not a suit- able cook for a party like the C.L.E. staff, being ignorant of the kind of food required, dirty in habits and as to his hands and prone to shirk the work anyhow. Jot was, how- ever, always willing to put his me- chanical ability at the disposi- tion of the other members of the staff. Mac failed to regulate

the cooking business properly, [15] just as he failed to regulate other important matters. Dr. says that tthere was a lack of unanimity in the ideas or desires of the other members of the staff and admits that Mac might have been held in check and some features of the life and work of the Expedition improved, had the staff got together and presented a united determined front regarding matters that were objectionable in their eyes. At 6 p.m., it was just seven months since the "George B. Cluett" cast off from Morris's Ingraham wharf at Sydney and started on this unfortunate and ill man- aged voyage;

20 February. Sunday. Somewhat overcast, calm in early morning; clear, strong S. wind (Eastly at ship) at noon. Temp. min -16°; 9a. -13°; noon -3° On board, blister on foot precluding long walk and keen wind making area short one unwise. Finished my long letter to Rasmussen regarding arrangements with Peter for the southern trip. Breezed up during evening. Just a month this afternoon since my party started from Cape York leaving disconsolate me behind. I wonder where they are now. 21 February. Monday. Thinly overcast morning with little or no wind. South

wind on ice cap sends an (17 occasional keen gust against the ship. Temp. min -11°; 9a +2°; noon -5° Night was windy and the wind had the full force of a gale pm 2 to 3 this morning, dying down afterward. Dr. Hunt's dinner yesterday gave him trouble last night, so he turned in again after break- fost and I walked out alone. Went over to front of Concor gla- cier, encountering some gusts of keen wind on the way. Inter- ested in observing the process of polish- ing the vertical ice face by the wind- driven particles of icy snow. Concave slope of snow drift at base of ice and moraine is like the

lower slope and surface of the [18] northern branch of the Clevelt Glacier. Dr. Hunt built a fire on the rocks near the slip from heat dug in the immediate vicinity. There is much heat in this region. 22 February. Tuesday. Overcast. Heavy S.E. wind. Temp. min -8°; 9a. +8°; noon +12°; 5h. +17° 6h. +20°; 7h. +18° Disagreeable day on account of the wind, which was very keen in spite of high temperature and was driving lots of snow before it across the surface of the bay ice. Taylor reports leads o- penn around Concat Rock and Pe- touric Glacier. Good sunset. On board all day, writing, talking + playing cards and chess. 23 February. Wednesday. Extremely thick. Strong gale from S.E. with much thick fine snow. One of the worst storms that I have ever seen, a regular blizzard, cannot see 50 yards in any direction,

Comes up to my ideal of what an L9 Arctic storm would be, except that the temperature is relatively high. Calm for a time last night. Temp. min +8°; 9a. +17°; 5p. +5° On board all day. Rudhlok and Isethiak are for- tunate in having food and fuel again. He got a hare in a snare yesterday, so that the family had a feast last night and the two Estino^stoves were going on the seal fat brought down by Ola- kutziak last week. The igloo last night looked cheerful again with its window brightly lighted. This evening even the captain admitted that the storm was a bad one, so we land lubbers think that our estimate of it is fairly correct.

24 February.- Thursday, /20 Rather thick with low lying fog but almost clear overhead, moderate wind, around ten o'clock. Overcast a- bout noon and southeasterly wind blowing strongly out of the fjord. Temp. min.-4°; 9a.-4°; noon-3° Yesterday's severe storm lasted well into or nearly through the night. Considerable snow fell, but it drifted and blew away so badly that no estimate of amount separated by can be formed. The drift at a little distance from the ship is now half as high as the rail and the snow around the bow is quite a trench, being about two feet deep. This is to windward, while a ridge shaped drift comes into contact with the stern of the vessel. Dr. Kouns & I went out for a short

walk, partly on the bay and [21] partly on shore. Wind was too high to render it advisable to take the long walk which we desired to take. I staid out an hour after he came aboard and I walked half way across the head of the bay. Increasing wind caused my re- turn early. Heavy black water fog is in evidence close in, crossing from Parker Snow Point to Cape Dudley Digges. Mate Davis went out a mile and climbed up the cliff to where he could see open water stretching across the bay from the little cove inside of where the "Cluett" moored, but he could not tell where is struck this shore. We fear that our three boxes on the ice (clam chow- der, pears and apples) have been carried out. Snow surface fins

even on the newly formed drifts, while [2] that of the old ones is like marble in appearance and hardness. Evening clear, less wind 25 February. Friday. Beautiful day, clear, occasional light clouds. Little or no wind fr. S. E. Temp. min -4°; 9a. -1°; 2p. -1° Fine, clear evening, rising wind. Dr. Hunt and I walked out to Black Point 4 miles from ship, in- tending to visit our cache at Cape Dudley Digges. Open water clear up to the rock of the point and we could not get by. Taylor and Ben came in this evening saying that the Cape was completely surround-ed by water, no boxes in sight. We think that the main part of our cache is all right, being upon

the rocks of the point? It would [23] be a calamity, if the material on shore were to be carried away! The boxes on the ice were 3/4 case clame howds, 1 case pears and 1 case apples. The footing was bad, soft and very little smooth + had, rough by turns, so that I am more fatigued than at any previous time since leaving Sydney last summer. Captain Pickels and Mac Dougal went out to edge of old ice near middle of bay. Walrus came up in open water (thin young ice) within short rifle range and a seal poked its head up farther away. Musk saw sun at noon above south- ern mountains. Says that he is sure that it could have been seen yesterday had the clouds not been too thick. Am turning in at 9:20, too tired for late hours this evening.

26 February. Saturday. Clear, light thin clouds, black water fog in west & southwest. Strong N. & E. wind. Temp. min.-4°; 9a.-2°; 11a.-3°. Ice 50". Slept well last night, though it was almost too warm in my sleeping bag a part of the time. Water in room froze as usual. Captain Comer's little snow igloo beside the ship has been very use- ful during the past three months, but considerable snow drifted in during the recent big storm and no one has taken the trouble to go in with a shovel and clear it out. Wind wore the east side rather thin. Snow festooned itself in beautiful fashion on ceiling and walls. A few days ago Dr. Hunt expressed the same opinion that some of the other men have voiced regarding Cap- tain Kehoe of the "Erik", viz: their

"Mac Gillan is altogether too [25] severe upon him in his criticisms regarding his not getting to Cape Sabine. They think that ice conditions were such that Kohoe was justified in turning back when he did. The ship had some pretty hard knocks and narrow escapes and no supplies had been landed at Etah. If the ship had been lost the men would surely have starved. 27 February, Sunday. Clear fine day. E or S. S. breeze blowing through fjord. Cloudless except near horizon Temp. min -4°; 9a.-2°; noon -2°; 3h. -8° 3:40 p. -7°; 5 p. -5° Out for long, enjoyable walk with Dr. Hunt, in spite of the strong breeze from E. Went up snow slope north. cross side Corner glacier, along lateral mo.

rairie, across glacier and up to [26] tof of high mountain (2500(?) feet a.t.) last of fjord, where Ekblaw and H.C.P. built a cairn about a fortnight ago, down s.w. side, and along valley beside north side Cluett glacier and thence directly to ship. More than 11 miles, I should think; 4 3/4 hours. Noted only gray and pink gneiss in moraine of Coner glacier. The mo- raine is almost as high as the gneiss ledges immediately north of the glacier & is separated therefrom by a valley seems down to well toward level of bottom of glacier itself. These ledges therefore are not the source of the moraine. Side valley comes down to glacier from north, shows strong stream action, also a large typical snow-drift glacier which backs up against the moraine of the Coner glacier.

Not much ice is exposed on the G.P. 27 of the glacier at this season of the year, but toward southern side of glacier noted several (4±) long low round- ed longitudinal ridges of smooth, fitted ice. Perhaps these are the remains of snow-drifts of former years. South side of glacier also shows strong valley be- tween it and the land. An east-facing side of a point of the land which forms a core retreating from the main glacier presents a moat between it and a snowdrift glacier with a beautiful cornice and long icicles above the vertical polished ice surface. As we mounted higher and higher the wind diminished in strength and on the summit we felt none. Added a stone to the cairn put up a fortnight ago by Ekblaw and Capt. Pickeis. View

superb in all directions. That of the [28] undulating surface of the ice cap interested me particularly. To the N.E., 10 or 15 miles away, there is a maze of angular snow covered peaks and what is apparently a nunatak of bare rock. To the south we looked down the Ekblaw Glacier to the sea at Sukker. Did not see any black sea ice in that direction. Off Parker Snow Bay there is much young black ice but also much or more snow covered old ice. As we came down the moun- tain, we felt the wind increasing at our backs. The air was rolling down hill off the ice cap. Some fine sastingi in the long valley beside the Cluett Glacier. Had fine footing all the way, except on the bay where the surface was strikingly soft. The top of the mountain is covered

with loose angular fragments of rock apparently in place or nearly so. 28 February. Monday. Clear, cloudless, calm. Another fine day. Temp. min -16°; 9a.-14°; noon-13°; 4h.-14° Captain and crew except mate and cook out in various directions hunting or walking. I stayed on board to work on N.D. report. Cook came into cabin and spun some yarns to Dr. Hunt and the mate about the birds and eggs of Tristan d'A- cunha and other places which he has visited. About 2:30 p.m. went out alone for 4+ mile walk on bay as far as the Queen. About half the way the footing was good, rest of it rather soft and difficult. H.C.P. returned from tramp beyond Cape Dudley Digges and reported our shore cache all right, which relieves my mind greatly.

Frunder came back overland from [30 Petowik glacier saying that Norman and Taylor had left him with the de- clared intention of crossing the land to Umanak. Foolish venture; late in starting, strange country, no food or drink. Taylor fairly well clothed but Norman's clothing poor and inadequate. They are liable to suffer before they reach either Umanak or the ship, if they do not lose their lives. — At 6:40 Taylor came in suffering from cold and fright, saying that he had left Norman up near the head of the gulch in distress with frozen face and nose and with pains in back and legs, unable to keep going more than a hun- dred yards at a time and then lying down to rest. H.C.P. started Ben off at once to Nor-

man's assistance, Ben knew (31 in the region well and being young, active and keen eyed. Within ten minutes six more were off on the same errand: the chief with a lantern and some of my whiskey, Ralph and Frands with a kama- tik, the mate with extra mittens and rope (H.C.P.'s & mine), and my old portka, Dr. Hunt with primus stove, water kettle and tea, and Charlie. Norman, Taylor and Frauder ('Old Will') were together beside the Petro- wik Glacier between 1 & 2 o'clock, when Norman proposed walking across country to Urranak, Frander declined but Taylor did not like to 'take a dare' so he and Norman started. They got across the glacier to the land on the other

side, when Norman began [32] To complain of the cold, then Taylor urged him to turn back. After a time they did so and were half way across the glacier at Sunset. They got down into the little gulch on the south side of the glacier and started up over the moun- tain to come down through the big gulch. Norman was suf- fering severely and Taylor had to rub his arm to keep it from freezing. He (N.) could walk only a few yards without having to sit or lie down to rest. From Taylor's first account we sup- posed that he had left Norman headed down the big gulch, but H.P. learned at 8:10 that it was half way up the little gulch. This made matters much worse,

because the rescue party will, [3] hardly think of going over there to look for him. By 8:15 Taylor and Mac dougal were on their way out with a lantern each to follow the rescue party and lead them on to the other quich. 9:30 - Noone back yet and no lights in sight across the ice. According to Taylor's account it must have been a- bout 5:15 when he left Norman and hastened for the ship and help, Nor- saying

10.30 - Charlie just came in [34] saying that the mate had found Norman a short distance up the big gulch, still alive. The mate sent Charlie back to tell the captain and me. 11:15 Kamatik arrived with Nor- man on it. Table had been set for luncheon for the rescues but Dr. wanted to put Norman there, so we swept things off precipitously. They lugged Norman in, put him onto the table, cut and stripped off all his clothing and slapped and rubbed him with great vigor, bringing the color back to the surface before long - about 20 minutes. He began to move his muscles himself and then Dr. covered him up with blankets and put hot plates all about him and used the

It develops that the mate and [35] Flander found Norman up on the di- vide between the two gulches. They had gone almost as far as they dared, yel- ing as they went, when they heard a faint call and made out a dark rising from object the snow. They hurried to it and found it to be Norman, who had seen or heard them and shout- ed as loudly as he could. He recog- nized them and tried to help him- sel as they dragged him along with each of his arms over a shoulder of each. A mile of this was all that the mate went on and found men could stand. Then they saw Dr. Hunt in the big gulch, and the two left Flander took turns with the mate in backing Norman, now unconscious, to the cliff at the mouth of the gulch. Then they lowered him by a rope

twenty-five about [illegible] feet to the bay ice, [36] "just like a bale of hay" as Dr. Hays says- From the gulch they hurried him to the ship on the little karnatik, being guided and cheered by the light of the lantern on the ship's rail. 29 February. Tuesday. Clear, cloudless, calm. Temp. min -19°; 9a.-18°; noon-15° 2h.-10° 4h.-15° I turned in soon after 10 o'clock this morning and was able to sleep, my mind being easy regarding Norman. Dr. put him into the mate's bunk about 3 o'clock and then turned in, leaving the mate on watch for the rest of the night. Norman awakened at 10:15 this morning, rationall in speech and recol- lection of events up to the time when the mate left him with Frander

the gulch and came on down for Dr. Hunt. [37] He feels awfully sore, bruised and lame, but seems to have frozen m- ly two or three toes on his left foot. How badly they are frozen remains to be determined. Norman's dan- ger was his exhaustion from fatigue, hunger and the cold; the last would have finished him before long, had he not been found when he was. He realizes the close call that he had. About 12:40 he began to get up, and succeeded, in spite of his stiffness, but by 2 o'clock he was glad to lie down again. He frosted some fingers as well as the toes. Out alone for 4-mile walk about head of bay. Freedom of ice of southern from new snow half of bay seems to indicate that the recent big storm was a north-

easter instead of being a south. |38 easter as we supposed. Captain Pickels, however, says that a north. easter would have brought colder weather than we had. But the snow shows where the wind blew the hardest. 1 March. Wednesday. Heavily overcast dull day. Thick at midday. Light, powdery snow be- gan to fall at 12:30, but not much fell after all. Calm. Temp. min -18°; 9a. -2°; noon +3°; 3p. -1° Out alone for scant four mile walk around head of bay, following beach ridge from near cache to south coast. Considerable seaweed of several kinds is mingled with the gravel and pebbles of the beach. Came back earlier than I had intended to, the snow begin- ing to fall and the weather so thick that one could see scarcely a half mile

by the time I reached the ship [39] Pudtlak came in about 6 o'clock dragging behind him a seal that he had harpooned at a hole in the ice. We all are glad that the poor blind fellow was success- ful in his hunt. First seal of the season Seal 75 lbs +/-, hard work. Am glad to write down a new month as beginning. Inetliak brought over a bird- skin shirt for Captain Pickels & was glad to receive a blanket in exchange for it. Norman's frost bites are not serious. Chief put a stray potato into the store. When it was roasted, Dr Hunt ate it, thinking it was among the coal by accident, and pronounced it ex- cellent - best he had had in more than 2 yrs.

2 March. Thursday. Heavily overcast, thick. Lt. snow at times. Calm till evening, then breg- ed up from the southeast. 9h.+20° Temp. min.-2°; 9a.+10°; noon+11°; 4h.+14° Pudtlak brought over a piece of his seal, which was appreciative in him, we all thought. Had it baked for dinner and it was excellent. Was on board all day, except for a short walk of 1½ mile on head of bay, alone. Our boys got two more hares, making 16 in all thus far, I believe, 3 March. Friday. Heavily overcast morning, then- ing toward sunset and thicken- ing again in evening. Calm almost all day. Light breath from W. in morning. Warm breeze

from east (ice cap) at 4 p.m. [4] Sight S.W. breeze at 5. strong, warm wind from ice cap (S.E.) increas ing. A strange day. Temp. min. +10°; 9a. +18°; noon, +17°; 3:30p. +22°; 4p. +38°; 4:30p., +21°; 9 p.m. +30°. Unusual variations. Out alone for walk to snowdrift glacier, a half mile out along the southern shore and back to the ship,- about 5 miles in all. Too warm for my kamikis to be really comfortable. About 6 o'clock Sigdler ar- rived from Umanak. Crossed sev- eral leads en route. Has been de- layed all this time by the open water and thin ice. Eskblau left U- manak for Etah on the 20th February. Sigdler brought the net- sha wh. I have had made for me.

4 March. Saturday Ice, 49° [42 Thickly overcast. Light S.E. wind then westerly and in p.m. S.E.or E. again. snow from midday on. Temp. min +16°; 9a.+29°; noon+24°; 4p.+24° Disagreeable day, though warm. On board all day except for walk alone of 1 ¼ hr. on bay. Walking poor. Worked on Martinique work for some hours. Some of the boys went out shooting, but soon came back, too thick and warm. Sigdler still here. Pinochle as usual for an hour or so after dinner, Dr.Hunt and Norman against the mate and me. Rabbit stew, bread, pilot bread, butter and tea with milk & sugar for dinner. 5 March. Sunday. Overcast a.m., beginning to clear in middle of afternoon. Calm or light, vari- able winds all day. Strong breeze blowing

out of the fjord at 6 h.m. Temp. min +5°; 9a, +15°; noon +13°; 2h, +12°; 3h, +10°; 4h, +15° Out alone 11 a.m. to 2:15 p.m., going around head of bay, out to little isles and back, 7+ miles. Mostly good, hard surface, but still much rather soft snow. Sigdy started for Unanak at about 11 this morning via the overland route. Bft. fried ham and eggs, bread, butter and coffee, same as every Sunday a.m. Since return from Cape York. H.C.P. had retired the eggs during the last three months of the C.L.E. men's stay on board. We got no porridge or mush Sunday a.m. Dinner. Canned roast mutton, dehydro potatoes & turnips, canned corn, bread, butter, tea, rice pudding with prune-and -molasses sauce. Inetliak shortened the sleeves of my new metsha and patched or sewed up some holes in it to-day. Thorough job!

At 7:45 Ahuqo [illegible] Eging, - 44 Ahalungwah + Pingsuti' wal, Ahalalundwah, her mother and small broths and Erik came in. They left Cape York about 8 o'clock this morning, but had to make de- tours on account of leads and they met the heavy wind just below Aikap. They brought meat for Pudhlak. They have gotten 5 bears since I was there, of wh Erik got 3. Then not back yet from Upernik 6 March. Monday. Clear, almost cloudless, calm morning. Light westerly wind afternoon. Lowlying fog came in about 3 p.m. Temp. min +8°; 9a.+11°; 12m.+7°; 3h.+2½; 8h.+1° Dr. Hunt and I started for Cape Dud- ley Digges to dig our boxes out of the snow, but could not make it on account of open lead 10-20 feet

wide stretching southward from [45] Point a mile east of Cape, we went a hundred yards or so along the ice foot at the base of the cliff but gave it up as being too risky for the worth of it. Climbed up a few feet on the rocks and sunned ourselves for a half hour before starting back. The rock is a beautifully banded, strong- ly contorted pink, white and black gneiss. Picked up Pudtlak a quarter- an eighth of a mile east of our farthest where he was scrambling down the cliff from his rabbit snares and he walked back with us. At the mouth of the big gulch we found Eginguath's tamatik. St Peter was so glad to see us that Dr. Hunt freed the dog from his harness and he trotted back to the ship with us. Fine 9 mile tramp,

though the footing was soft and [146] fatiguing a good part of the way. All the Cape York men were out hunting to-day but without success. Taylor shot two seals in the lead but could not get them and the lead had closed over them before the captain and others could get back to the spot with him. The Estremos were in the cabin after dinner and we had some sport with the chief's electric current. Roast polar bear meat for dinner, would have been fine had it not been overdue. The cook always or almost always spoils his meat, but he bakes good bread and good beans and makes oatmeal well. 7 March Tuesday. Overcast and rather thick. Calm or light air from the S or S.E. Thick & snowy in the evening.

Temp. min -5 1/2 o ; 9a+3o; 12m.+40; 4p.+8o (47 Out alone along north shore to big gulch and back through middle of bay, 5+ miles. The Cape York men, Ben and Taylor went out to the lead for seals. Found lead & therefore no seals closed up or frozen over, so they came back soon after noon. Nor- man and Frander went out to Cape Dudley Digges overland from the big gulch for the harpoon left there a week ago. Twelve miles- rather long for Norman's first outing since his exhaustion. They reported the lead open at the cape. Dinner: seal + bear + corned beef. This is the chiefs 42d birthday. He celebrated by drinking a bottle of Peters "Apfel most" and his last cigarette, smoking both of which he had been saving for the event.

8 March Wednesday Overcast and thick. Could barely dis- cern sun's position half day only, moon Dim in evening. Fresh breeze till afternoon from S.E. and then E. Calm late p.m. Temp. min +1°; 9a.+2°; 12m.+4°; 7p.+1°; 4½p.0° Spent much of day - aside from talking, vc - reading

m ice cap and mountains. [49] Temp min -3°; 9a.+1°; 12m -3°; 3:40h.-4° No wind at ship but apparently light N. breeze on caps. Three splen- did parhelia around sun at eleven o'clock - one each side and one above sun, all convex toward his disc and strong ly colored. Three inches soft new snow. Cape York men and Ahulad- lengqua left for C. Y. about 10:30, leaving Pingasut's mother and brother with Inetliak. If a wind should spring up, travel would be very disagreeable... Some work on Martinique. Out from 2 to 3:40 p.m. with Dr. Huns to ridge above drift glacier northeast of cigloo - perhaps nearly four miles in all. Wind m ice cap seemed to be light pm

the south but was westerly at ship (50 after our return. Lowlying haze over mountains and sea, a curious day - Dr. [illegible] says that he has seen many like it up here. case of grapejuice. Dr. Hunt troathed Dinner: mutton stew, baked seal, bread, butter, pilot bread, canned peaches, tea. 10 March Friday Overcast, thick. Lt. snow falling. Calm Temp. min -15°; 9a +1°; 12m +4°; 4h. +3° Fine granular snow fell allday, and air was thick with haze. Occasional light variable breeze in late afternoon. Got in more than three hours on Martinique work, then went out alone along middle of bay for 1 ½ hrs. walk in spite of snow and thick haze. Moon in first quarter vis. ifle through evening haze. Troubled somewhat yesterday,

and to-day with the feeling of th. [illegible] pression in upper part of my chest. Dinner: macaroni soup, good, corn pilot bread, ed beef not good, bread, butter, tea. Dr H listened to heart this evening and found no change in its action. Thinks now that the murmur is muscular not valvular. Oppression prob due to faulty circulation and advises use of glonoin for N. 11 March. Saturday. Cloudless blue sky in early morn ing, but began to cloud over about 10 o'clock and was wholly overcast soon after noon. Rather thick evening Calm. Ice 49" Temp min -13°; 9a. -10°; 12m -4°; 2p. -2° Out alone for trudge across bay nearly to Cluett moorage. Stopped by open lead, reaching to the ice foot of the big cliffs. Saw at least 2 seals on ice beside the lead. Taylor who was out there too, snapped his gun at me but it contained no load and

the seal slipped off into the [52] water before he could land. Walking hard on account of soft snow - covered about 6 1/4 miles. Dinner: seal meat cooked the best yet. 12 March. Sunday. Early morning calm + snowing. 9a. Overcast and thick still snowing fast. 10a. S. wind rising. Very thick with driving snow. 12m. Sunvisible, but wind heavy and still snow driving thickly. Thick on ice cap. Temp. min -10°; 9a. +24°; 12m. +20°; 4p. +13° Very disagreeable weather. Captain Corser's igloo shows erosion effects of the wind. Has endured weather remarkably well. 1:45 p. Nearly clear overhead but very thick on ice cap and southern

nts and over southern part day. [53] Wind seems now to come from N. or N.E. a bad day to be out! On board all day. Toward evening air became thicker, and by evening 8 o'clock a heavy storm of wind was raging, coming in from the westward. The night is worse than the day - Dinner: baked roast mutton (cooked too much as usual), turnip- and-potato, string beans, bread, butter, rice pudding with raisins, tea. Breakfast: Fried bacon and eggs (1 a piece) baked beans, bread, butter, coffee - 13 March. Monday. Heavy snow, southerly gale, regular blizzard in fact. Much worse than yesterday. As bad as 23 February. Temp. min +9°; 9a +14½°; 12m +6° was +25° at 6 a.m.

On board all day, glad to have [54] the shelter of the cabin. Velocity of wind not less than 50 mi. per hour in the gusts, according to Captain Pickels. He says that the wind is E. but it cer tainly comes athwart the vessel from S. 14 March. Tuesday. Thinly overcast and somewhat hazy all day. Snow in evening. Calm or very light breeze. Temp. min +1°; 9a. +4½°; 12m. +7°; 2p. +8°; 9p +5° Eight mile or less walk with Dr Hunt out to iceberg nearly as far as the black point. Half mile of hard work through knee deep and half knee deep snow. Old ice all gone off southern half of bay, but edge of old bay

ice still runs from near cl[illegible]s ett mooring to point a mile east of Cape Dudley Digges. Men were out and saw some seals in the open water. They shot three, but could not re- trive them - Useless slaughter! 15 March. Wednesday. Another blizzard from the south- east has raged today, with the air so full of gale driven snow that one could not see 100 feet in any direction at times. Began last night but not bad till after 10 a.m. Temp. min + 0°; 9a.+13°; 12m +22°; 4h.+28° On board all day and managed to get into about 4 hours of Martingue work. Conditions are extremely unfavorable for doing any work like that.

Bfr. noon - oatmeal, milk, sugar, 156 molasses, beans, bread, butter, coffee. Dinner: pea soup, corned beef, biscuit, bread, butter, turnip-and-potato, dried peaches, pickles, coffee tea. Evening - pinocle - Davis & Hunt against Norman & me - 1 to 2; chess with Dr. Hunt. He gives me his queen and then I can win, if I am very careful - occasionally Storm ceased early in evening and moon was out about 9 o'el. Then began to snow again. 16 March Thursday. calm Overcast. thick. light feathery snow. Temp. min-2 1/2 ; 9a.+1°; 12m.+3°; 6h.+5° hazy evening but moon visible. Seems as if edge of bay ice had re- treated in yesterday's storm, but weather is and walking are so bad that we can't go out to see.

Drift in front of bows is more [52] bottom of than 4 ft. high above the moat formed to by the wind next the ship's planking. good Chief built and cut some snow steps to take the place if the circle mes that we have been using to get off and onto the vessel. MacDoug. al is getting along only moder- ately, though he has felt better since he began sleeping in Dr. H.'s sleeping bag on the roof of the cabin. He suffered much intestinal pain, this evening and Dr. gave him morphine. There is not much that can be done for the man, with the diet that is available on board. Dinner: mutton stew, corn, biscuit, bread, butter, tea. Vodes- est or Thursday's now. Economizing on matches too now. some hours at Martinique work.

17 March. Friday. [58] +thick Overcast, all a.m. Heavy S.E. Wind (7) till about noon with light snow and much driving snow Very thick till after 11 - near shore hidden during gusts. 3p.+1°; 5p.-5° Temp. min +1°; 8a. 23°; 9a +18°; 11a +6°; 12m. +8° Quite blizzardy and bad all morning. Rough weather all night. Two or three days ago Norman trimmed the chief's beard as the latter wanted to, but the chief does not like the effect for it makes him look like a red-headed Jew. Dr. Hunt is having his hair cut short today. Norman is quite a barber, useful in the after cabin. Wind moderated about noon and Dr. Hunt and I went out about 2 p.m. for a breath of fresh air. The "breath" was too strong for me - fort for him and he came back.

on board after 20-30 minutes [159] if I, but I had on my net[sha] as well as my bearskins so that I was come fortable in spite of the keen and in- cresing wind and the wind driving snow. After 1/4 hour I too had had enough. Although the sky was almost clear overhead the air was so full of driving snow that at times the vessel was com- pletely hidden at 1/4 mile away. I came on board as Charlie was coming aft and he surprised me by saying that both my cheeks were white. Surely enough [had been] a spot in each [[was] frost[ed] by the biter wind. The snow is wet on the ice. the starboard quarter, the ice being bent by the weight of the banked up snow. MacDougal had become well enough this afternoon to go to his dinner.

H.C.P. "found" two cases of peaches (60 to-day that he "did not know were there". Hence we had some at dinner. I won- der whether he will "find" anything more. - Heard him say too that there were more vegetables than he thought for "enough for four years", and Dr. Hunt and I think that there might be at the rate at which they are being used. Exceptionally fine parhelia this evening at about 9 o'clock. Three are very distinct in the first ring around the moon and the fourth would be there were it not that the ring is intersected by the surface of the bay ice. Outer ring gives hints of three more. 18 March. Saturday. Lightly overcast and hazy

with scarcely perceptible SW wind. (6) Temp. min -8°; 9a -3½°; 12m. -¼°; 3h. -4°; 5:30 -7° The men report the edge of bay ice as being inside, east of, the little islet. Evidently a big slice of the old ice was driven out by the recent heavy winds. Taylor shot another seal and captain and several of crew spent much time trying to retrieve it from the water. They tried to cut off a cake of ice for use as a raft but were unsuccessful in account of water coming into their trench before they got it deep enough for breaking off the rest of the way. From 1 to 3:15 h. m. Dr. Hunt and I were out for a fine walk to the south branch of the Clieett Glacier, the Tongue glacier and the snowdrift at the end of the nunata- tak. Found small clam shell closely related to the Venus of our coast. 6:25. Captain and mate have just

come in from their second trip after the seal, with Taylor. They succeeded in hooking the jigger into the carcass, but the young ice was too strong for their line and it parted. They think that they can secure the seal tomorrow. 19 March. Sunday. Clear, beautiful day, thin stratus clouds. Temp. min. -9°; 9a.+10°; 12m.+5°; 3p.+5°; 5:30p.+4° Mate Davis and some of the men and Pudit- lak went out this morning and brought in the seal. Pudtlak went out onto the new ice with a line around his body and harpooned the carcass, then Taylor with the line around his body went out walk- ing on two barrel staves and cut the ice away around the seal and the other men hauled it out and to the heavy ice and thence to the ship.

Great rejoicing, especially in '63 the Eskimo family, who got the blub- ber, entrails and forelegs with the shoulder girdle. Between Moon and 2:40 Dr. Huns and I went out for a walk, going to the edge of the old ice where the men secured the seal. Walking good most of the way and day beautiful and almost calm. Found netsha too warm to wear going out with the light breeze and took it off. Put it on again however for walking back against the light breeze. Dinner menu: roast beef, potato-and- turnip bread, butter, rice with prunes, tea. Breakfast; fried bacon and eggs, beans, bread &c. Gorgeous sunset. During our walk yesterday Dr. H. spoke of fact that Captain Pickett had invited him to stay on the ship.

as long as he liked and go home other, [64] although He (H.C.P.) said that the "clerks" was not obliged by the charter party to feed the Crocker Land party on the home- ward way. Dr. Hunt raised the question whether this invitation did not in itself constitute a violation of the charter. It seems to me that it does, since H.C.P. did not ask me whether the Museum would be willing to have the doctor on board as the guest of the vessel. Perhaps H.C.P. would take refuge behind my assurance given on 5 November that the Greffell Assos. of Am. would not call him to account for using the ship's stores in feeding the Crocker Land people, and therefore would not think it necessary to speak to me about this special invitation. Of

course I am glad to have him [65] here and I think that the ship under the charter was called upon to feed us all during whole voyage, includ- ing any detention. 20 March. Monday. Thinly overcast & high cirro-stratus clouds (C2) Calm + light S. to S.W. breeze . Thickly overcast, hazy evening. Much wind last night till 4 a.m. Calm after that and 2 - 3 " light, feathery snow fell before nine o'clock. Temp. min. 0°; 9a. +2°; 12m. -2°; 3p. -1° Had been down to -4° betw. 12 & 3. Mate Davis built a print to-day out of new and box lumber. Will cale and paint it tomorrow and then it will be available for use in getting next seal that is shot.

Captain P. brought up a fresh [66 lots of Greer's Army and Navy Journal and Literary Digest, supplying us with a welcome lot of reading ma- terial, even though dated 1914 for the great part. Nate Davis built a print today out of new and box lumber. This will be calked and painted tomorrow and then be avail- able for retrieving the next seal that is shot. Wrenched my right leg or got a bad cramp in it as I started from cabin for a walk this after- oon. Walked a half hour, thinking to walk it off but was unsuccessful and leg is very painful this evening. Snowing again at 9 o'clock. Seal meat at dinner, excellent. Pinochle 3 games; chess with Dr. Hunt 3 games; writing and reading.

21 March Tuesday, [167] Thinly overcast with high cirro- stratus clouds, but thick low down with driving snow filling the air under a "moderate breeze" (No.4) from the west. Wind changed to S.E. in late a.m. and increased to 5 or 6. Afternoon was sunshiny but windy and snow drifted till evening when wind ceased. Temp. min -4°; 9a. 0°; 12m.+1°; 3p.+2° 6 p.+6° ; 7½p.+2° Leg painful and lameness annoy- ing. It was a cramp all night. Mate Davis calked and pitched the joints of the front, put on sculling oarslet and painter and the "Puisse tedixsua" is ready for sea, though she probably will get a coat of paint before she goes into the water

22 March. Wednesday. Beautiful, clear day, calm or with light air occasionally from S.E. Thin high cirrus clouds at 9 a.m. but cloud- less by 10 o'clock. Temp. min - 7½°; 9 a.+½°; 12 m.+3°; 4¼,+2° The "Purser Jedixna" did not get a coat of paint, but the crew drag- ged her out to the edge of the old ice this morning and then over to the ice foot of the south shore. Young ice too thin to enable ste men to get near the open lead to hunt for seals. Lameness somewhat better this morning and I walked out to a berg a mile from the ship to limber up my leg. Walking is poor much of the way. Some light still on western horizon at 9 p.

23 March. Thursday. 169 Clear, cloudless and calm at 9 a.m., but strong breeze sprang up from some northerly direction a- bout 10 o'clock and blew for four hours. After that light breeze blew out of bay - which I found rather keen on my way back from my home and a quite walk alone. The going was poor but I had to get some fresh air. High: min -10°; 9a., 0°; 12m.+9°; 4h.+6° 8.30 p.-4° Much chess to-day, winning 2 out of 3 from Charlie and losing 2 handicap games to Dr. Hunt. Some work on Me- ninique, but it is hard to do much more that is worth while without books and my collections. I lament the wasted year up here! Best to call the experience a

About 9 p.m. Ahngmalokto (70) arrived from Cape York alone. He had been delayed by open water off Parker Snow Point, been forced to go around outside of Corrical Rock and then wait for leads to close before he could come in. He brought kamiks for the mate and one of the crew and bear skin pants for Taylor. 24 March. Friday Clear and cloudless. Light S.W. breeze followed by calm. Light Easterly wind at noon Temp. min -8°; 9a +5°; 12m. +9½°; 4h. +5° Ahngmalokto, PuckHak and Tay- lor have gone seal hunting and Ben and Ralph are out for hares. Pingasut's mother and brother are reported to have started on foot this morning for Umanak, car.

rying sleeping bag and food. 171 They live there and seem to have won out their welcome in the region. Got in three or more hours good work on Martinique works, really everybody being out enjoying the beautiful day. Was out for an hour or more with Dr. Hunt. Walking poor in middle of bay but good along south side. The seal hunters got a seal - shot by Chugmaloch, retrieved in the "Puisse Tedixsa". 25 March. Saturday. Thinly overcast but sunshiny. Calm at 9a.m. Lights variable winds and calm afterwards. Ice, 50 1/2" Temp. min -9 1/2°; 9a. +2°; 12m. +10 1/2°; 4h. +3° Capt. Pickels caught a fox in Norman's trap, which he borrowed and set yesterday.

Skin is good, tho hair is beginning [72] to come out and fur is becoming lighter in color. Getting late for fur taking. The seal hunting trio went out again today but were unsuccessful - Out with Dr. Hgunt around head of bay and over to snowdrift glacier on south shore - 6+ miles. The as- ssemblage of great blocks fallen from snow the cornice of the glacier is larger and more confused than when I was over some weeks ago. Without place to see it, one could hardly believe that the blocks scattered over the ice could have come out so far from the glacier front. Most of them are very solid and firm. Some are 3 ft. cubes and larger. Pinochle game ended in dispute over Norman's melding before declaring trump. Too much childishness in Arctic Camp!

26 March. Sunday, 173 Overcast. Thick most of day. Sun hardly visible in mid afternoon. Heavy breeze (5-6) from southeast all day except calm from about 1 to 2½ p.m. 9a +12° Temp. min +2°; 12m. +12°; 4p. +17½ Too disagreeable for spending much time outdoors. Had enough of it between 2:30 and 3:40, when I was out alone on the bay ice near shore north of ship. Dr. Hunt had gotten all the fresh air that he desired in less than a half hour's work on his snow igloo, which was somewhat damaged by the heavy wind. Have spent day mostly reading and resting. Mend- ed three rips in sleeping bag. Had rabbit stew for dinner. The crew have gotten 19 hares to date and they have been very acceptable to all.

27 March. Monday. 174 Overcast. Thick in morning but haze not so heavy in afternoon. Calm or light variable wind - partly from W. Temp. min.+12°; 9a +15°; 12m.+18°; 4p.+17° Ahnigmalok to started over the ice cap for Akhat on his way to Cape York. About two good hours on Mar-tinique work. Can really work on this to advantage only when the cabin is clear after breakfast for a little while. Out alone, Dr. Hunt being asleep, for walk, going as far as the black point beyond the big gulch. 7 miles of hard work, much of the going being over half hard snow in drifts letting me sink at nearly every step a- bove the ankle or half way to knee. Could see no leads in direction of Cape Dudley Digges. Noted for the

2nd time that the ice bergs show [?]5 the sky-blue color much more strongly, in diffused light than on a bright sunshiny day. 28 March. Tuesday. Thickly overcast and snowing at 9a.m. and light South wind blowing. Wind soon increased to strong breez (#5) from the East or South- East. Snow ceased falling before noon but air was filled with driving snow. Very disagreeable. Temp. min +10°; 9a.+17°; 12m.+16°; 3p.+14° 6p.+11°; 10h.+8° Began on St. Vincent work, just a year ago to-day I reached Kings- town by the "Glen Nevis" from Castries. Three hours in studying and index- ing photos - Out for a half hour or so alone -

29 March. Wednesday. Thin clouds-cirro stratus-in early morning, clearing to cloudless about noon. Light N.E. breeze at 9 a.m., soon changing to E. or S.E. and increasing to gusty, 3 to 5 in strength, making the day disagreeable for walking in spite of its brilliancy and the warmth of the direct rays of the sun. Temp. min.+5°; 9a.+5°; 12m.+4°; 4h.+3°; 7h.+1½° Two hours on St. Vincent work and then cabin filled up, and I soon got on my bear skin pants and netsha and went out for an hour and a half's walk around the head of the bay and along the south shore. Went alone, since Dr. H[illegible] did not care to walk in the wind. Usual pinochle chess and reading after dinner, then I get my own

warm luncheon soon after 9 o' (77) clck - Tonight's menu clamchowder with addition of corn and milk, Tea, figs. Dinner menu: pea soup (good), corned beef (too salt and hard to be fit to eat, as usual), canned peas (good), bread, butter, dehydrated potato, tea. Ben slid some hundreds (?) of feet down snow slope on south shore, ripped his kamikaze but wasn't hurt. 30 March. Thursday. Cloudless, beautiful day. Lighter easterly breeze with strong puffs and calm. As usual, wind varies in different parts of the bay. Temp: min -1°; 9a +3°; 12m +7°; 4h +6° Two + hours on St Vincent. Out with Dr Hunt around head of bay and along south shore to point near islet. Ca. 8 miles. Enjoyable. Wind rather keen northern half of bay - Dinner: canned peaches for dessert!

31 March. Friday. 176 Another cloudless, brilliant day. Calin or light variable wind. Temp. min -8°; 9a.+30°; 12m.+6°; 3h.+7°; 6f.-2°; 8h.-4° Used last of sugar at breakfast. Mate Davis put my snowshoes on my feet for me today and I made my first attempt at travel with that kind of gear. Got along first cate, much better than I expected to, Got shoes to interfering a few times but was not thrown down. Went out alone to point this side of Cape Dudley Digges, 4 + miles from ship, where I was stopped by broad open lead. Far enough anyhow, since it took me more than four hours to walk out I presented a comical and back. sight, they say, when I started. Dr. Hunt tried to reach our cache at Cape Dudley Digges but

was turned back by the same [7] lead. Norman is trying to reconstruct and finish the snow igloo that Dr. Hunt began but abandoned on ac- count of the stormy weather. In March min. temp. was not below zero on 14 days and noon temp. " " " 28 " 1 April. Saturday. Cloudless. Calm. Brilliant. Temp. min. -10°; 9a.+4½°; 12m.+6½°; 7:30p.-7½° Charley was sent to find the key of the kelson.

Seldon therefore on 22 March, No 178 left Upernivik on 14 February and was delayed in starting across the bay by the numerous storms that we had at the end of February & during March. An Eskimo ac- companied him some marches out from Cape Seldon. There was much deep snow or Melville Bay, and some bad open leads in the ice were encountered as Cape York was approached. Tatiak saw four bears but could not go after them. Tatiak brought me a letter from Green, to which was affixed a note by Januany. Conditions among the Danes are very adverse, food and trading material being scarcity in supply and now being carefully conserved through

"fear of shortage next year 1799 on account of the war. Almost nothing could be spared to send us. Green and Peter reached Upernivik on 9 February, having hurried on on account of the former's toothache. Jungmann and Allen arrived there on the 11th; Green wrote on the 13th, and the party was going on the next day, taking Harrigan as well as Pingasut in it. Apparently every- body was well. They caught the south- bound regular mail and saw no reason why they themselves should not reach Holstensborg in time for the April steamer to Denmark. Erik got two white whales this week (?) near Cape York. This indicates much or some of our

water in Melville Bay. Hoe and (50 Egingwah brought some of the meat with them. It tastes much like narwhal, but seems rather somewhat coarser in fiber. The skin is decidedly white in color. It is not quite as nutty in flavor as narwhal skin, and the layer of hard white fat is thinner in proportion. Photo'd Latiak and his dogs. 47.5 Gave Jueliak 5 yds arwok cloth + pocket knife. 2 April. Sunday. Cloudless, brilliant. Calm at and before 9 a.m. Light breeze from the ice cap at 10 o'clock and occasi- ally afterward. Temp. min. -11°; 7a. -3°; 9a. +5½°; 11a. +3° The Estirmos started on forlunnets, getting away from the ship about half after ten. They were unable or unwilling to take any of our stuff.

with them. Jatiak's dogs are (81) in bad shape, the other men have their wives with them, they have quite a load of meat and they have to go over the ice cap. Took photo-44, * of Erik and Ballina and their team just before the take. Two of the crew got to Cape Dund- overland by Digges yesterday. They report one case of figs rc mashed up and car- ried away, but the other things are right, being in a better place. Dr. Hunt went out with Erik and Ja- tiak by kamatik but could not find a place to cross the lead. Had our last hen's eggs at breakfast. 3 April. Monday. Another cloudless, brilliant, calm day, with occasional light air from east. Temp. min. -10°; 9a.+5°; 11a.+2°; 12m.+4° 3h.+6°; 9h.0° (Had been down to -2°)

chief put brass patch over hole [82] in lower band. This band was put on a few days after Christmas. Captain Pickels went overland from the big gulch to middle of Petowik' Glacier. He reported feeling or hearing some shocks but saw no falling or freshly fallen bergs and thinks that the shocks were caused by strains due to heat from sun's rays. But may not the glacier be in motion even now? Went out alone around head of bay to snowdrift glacier and direct- ly back to ship - ca 5 miles. Fine walking in such beautiful weather. Norman finished his igloo, but it is bowed out in its wall and looks weak. Chief made rubber center and cut out cover for baseball and Nor- man wound and sewed it. a pretty good one.

4 April Tuesday. 183. Still another clear, cloudless, calm day. Brilliant weather. Light air from N.W. on plateau. Temp. min.-7°; 9a.+30°; 12m.+40°; 4h.+3°½h.-5° Discovered today that box was rais- ing 9 a.m. Temperature readings 2°. Have gone back and subtracted that amount from each 9 a.m. read- ing for past five days. Went out alone to and up the big gulch and to top of moun- tain, where one obtains mag- nificent view of Petoric Glacier, Wostenholme Island, Ice Cap etc. Many good open roads are visible; slopes of hard marble-like snow hard to descend safely. Bentley j ed me down the last 20 ft to the bay ice. Crew had this first game of baseball. Mote quit pinochle game disgusted at the luck of himself and partner. Absurdly childish!

5 April. Wednesday. 84 Clear, cloudless, calm. Light N or. N.W. air on plateau and occasional light draft out of the bay. between 1/5 a.m. Strong wind Temp. min. -11°; 9a. -1°; 12m. +5°; 2p. +10° Out alone to point near Cape Dudley Diggs. Collected specimens from big diabase dikes and intersecting light gray dikes as the big quicks. Met Dr. Hunt at the point and we walked back together. He had been at the cache and moved the barrel, keys and boxes further up on the rocks after dig- ing them out of the ice and snow that had gathered on and around them. Some of the ball players, especially Nor- man and the chief, are lame today, but all as at it again this evening, except the chief. Inetliak and the children are much interested in the game. Poor Piedtlak can't see well enough to enjoy it.

fresh green grass is now growing out above 8°- the black rocks at the gullet. Spring is coming! 6 April. Thursday. High cirrostratus clouds and much driving snow in air at 9 a.m. High (No 4) N.E. breeze, which began before mid-night, and lasted till about 2 p.m. After that clear and nearly cloudless and calm. Temp. min -8°; 9a. -5°; 12m. -½°; 2:30 +6°; 4h. 0° Out alone after 2 p.m., to cliff front of Conner Glacier. Cornice of snow beautiful. Hundreds of icicles hang from projecting layers of ice. Some chunks of ice have fallen from front during the winter. Lights now at midnight then it was at noon at winter solstice time. Norman's snow igloo collapsed today

7 April. Friday. Clear, cloudless, calm, Temp. min -13 1/2 o; 9a -1 1/2 o; 12m +4 o; 4h.0 o; 7h-4 o Kolotingua arrived this morning from Uuna- core nak via sea ice to this side of the Petowik Gla- cier and hence overland. He has lived this year at Netskaloomi. Is on his way to Cape York to hunt bear. Needs some pants. He says that Mac started for Ellesmere land with five Eskimo men. Et was still at Etah as last accounts. Captain Corner small shot a 2 yr. old bear on the meat cache near the house at Umanak. I went out alone for 5 mi. walk on the bay this afternoon. On my way back en- countered keen out blowing breeze & was glad of my full suit of skin clothing. Early this evening Eginequa and Erik and their wives and the baby arr. from Umanak. Brought letters from

Captain Comer and one to Dr. St. [87] from Mac. which was dated 17 Jan. Captain Comer went out to read the thermometer, spied the bear in the cache and rushed back into the house for rifle. No more coal at Umanuk. Heating with primus stores. Hendrik brought some boxes as far as Cafe Dudley Diggs and took some back from the cache there. Was to come here for coal, but could not on ac- count of the big open lead just this side of D. D. Kolotingwa is one of the ablest of the Speaks a few words of English. natives. He was one of Dr. Cook's men and is one of that man's few friends among the Eskimos. Went as far as Cafe Thomas Hubbard with Cook as a supporting party and then turned back. The next year he to Jarie. took Cook across Melville Bay and to sark, whence Cook went by boat to Upernivik. Upernivik. K. has a wife & five children and is a grandfather. He has lost one child. He is unusually thrifty.

8 April. Saturday - Ice, 54"+ (88 High, thin cirro-stratus clouds. Ra- thor strong (No.3) breeze from E., disagreeable more or less hazy + windy all day Temp. min. -8°2; 9a.-4°; 12m.-4°; 4p.-3°; 8p.-9° In spite of the disagreeable weather, the three Karratiks started for Cape York over the sea ice about 11 o'clock. Since they have not returned at 12:30, it is prob- able that they got past Parker Snow Point all night. Gave Inethiats box of talcum powder for the expected baby. She was much pleased The Eskimos like powders and perfumery and scented soap. (1 1/2 hrs.) Out alone for three mile or more ^ around head of bay. Windy and cold. Wore Kooletah as well as bear skins. 9 April Sunday - Clear, cloudless + nearly 30, calm

and occasional light air from E. or S.E. |89 Temp. min -14°; 9a. -4°; 12m. 0°; 2:30, 0°; 5½, -3° Out to Cape Dudley Digges with Dr. Hunt, extcept last half mile with Frands and Pudtlak over glassy black ice ending with about 200 yards over rough white ice. The black ice seemed very ticklish at first and it did bend under us sometimes, but it was hard and 5 or 6 inches thick, hence safe enough. Dotted with clusters of beautiful flakey crystals of salt. Brought back some of the things (melted milk, soup, tobacco etc) from the box which Hendrik brought down from Ummarnak on Friday. Captain Pickels, Ben and Taylor(?) went out too. Crossed the black ice with Dr. Hunt and Ben but then dropped behind, not caring to walk as far as they did even with their loss. A good ten miles, with some bad foot- ing in softish snow.

H.C.P. gave a characteristic (90 exhibition of his temper or disposition at the Cape Cache. The box from Uma- nak contained some magic yeast cakes, which Dr. Hunt, handing a pack- age to the captain, said that Ek had sent down for the cook.

of the cases. Nice way to re-19 ceive and acknowledge a coun tury that had cost us some trouble! No thanks, - nothing but abuse; and no apology! Kashingwa arrived at the igloo this evening. Lives this winter at Kietek 10 April. Monday. Clear, cloudless. Light N.E. breeze at 9 a.m., increasing to heavy wind by 11 o'clock. Keen and disagreeable, with low rain filled with driving snow. Temp. min -20°; 9a.-3°; 12m.-5°; 4h.-14°; 7p.-11° Kashingwa came over to get Dr. Hunt to treat his left forefinger which had become infected through a cut. The finger was much swollen and very painful. Dr. cocaineized and lanced it. The man had tried to lance it him- selves, but without much success, so he came down here all the way from Kietek to the Dr.

Wind increased to gale (7 to 8) after 92 noon. Air full of driving snow. Cold and dis- agreeable. Staid on board all day. Much chess with Dr. H. and Charlie. I win one game in three, usually. Norman is suffering badly from rheumatis in the leg ther was frost bitten on 29 Feb. 11 April. Tuesday. Cleary cloudless. Calm until even- ing, then came some N. wind. Temp. min. -17°; 9a. 0°; 10a -2°; 12m. 0°; 4p. -4; 9h. -8° The gale was not from right direction to break up the ice near Cape Dudley Digges and I had a fire walk out there and back, alone, except for ride of about a half mile with Pudtlak, and Inetliak on Kashinqua's Ka- matik and back for about a half

mile from the cape with Buddhak [93] across the glare ice. That was fine! He stopped near the black point to go up to his traps, where he was to meet Buddhak (with shotgun) and I walked on in. Ben shot a fine almost black fox Today at the cape. My walk was a good 9 miles. Saw wry gull (or falcon?) Trander saw it Saturday 12 April Wednesday. Clear, cloudless, calm, a brilliant day- Temps min.-12°; 9a.-3°; 12 m.+3° 4 p.-3°; 8p.-12°. Out with Dr. Hunt across big Glacier (which had better have the name George B. Cluett Glacier instead of the other one) to the large moor-like valley at its south side. Interested in the moraines of gray gneiss, silt in large quantity in the debris piles at terminal edge of ice above. Saw no erratics except

those of gneiss. Considerable rose 194 quartz in small strings and pieces. One area of hard snow 30x4 yds square shows beautiful wind ripple marks as sharp as those common in sand. Moat shows vertical wall of stratified ice facing the mountain side, effect of wind against the mountain. A few fragments of rock have bounded down the mountain slope and become im- bedded in the face of ice. Slid down two snow slopes. Older snow looks and feels like marble and is danger- ous on a slope. Had to turn back for 1/4 or 1/3 mile on account of steep hard snow slope 10 or 12 feet high which we did not care to slide down on accoun- t of rocks at the bottom. Sits wet with melting snow in one little spot. H.C.P. gave Gretliak his bath robe this morning. She was much pleas- ed of course but looked funny enough in it.

13 April Thursday Clear, cloudless, calm. Temp. min -17°; 9a. -1°; 12m. 0°; 2p. +2°; 9h. -12° Pudtlak and family left at 12:40 today with their movables packed into two Kamatiks, one being Pudtlak's which the crew have been using for ice tc and the other Kashinguai's. Ka-shingua let Pudtlak take five of his dogs and P. added three of the four seven months old puppies to make up a team. It was an odd team all right and the puppies made a great fuss at starting. They wanted to stay at the ship, but the whip and the other dogs finally persuaded them to go on, and the outfit disappeared in the distance. The other puppy was left behind; it is Alakutsiak's. Photos. 46-1, 8+04 Packing Kamatiks beside the meat cairn on shore.

46-2, 8-04. The igloo with 96 Pudtlak, Inetliak and the children standing at the entrance. 46-3, 8-02. Kashingua starting from the edge of the ice foot. 46-4, 8-02. The two kamatikis start- ing from beside the ship at 12:40. Inetliak gave me a little stone dish "from Merku". I got Pudt- lak's old ivory (walrus?) seal killer or harpoon stock in exchange for about a pound of tobacco. It is a very old one and will make a good companion specimen to the bone and ivory harpoon that Ekblof got. The kamatikis were heavily loaded but the motley assemblage of things looked meagre beside what an American family of five would have on moving. Some things were left behind, but also-

Katziats is coming down soon. Inetliak is going to be confined at Kiaktek. Kashinguai's wife is Pudtlaki's sister. We shall miss the family, and I am sorry to have them go, but there will be less drain on the ship's food supply. [Ootah told me where heare their they are in his igloo or Keatek] Mate started and nearly fin- ished a sledge to take the place of Pudtlaki's, using one of the planks that I brought up and a board from the after house. Three mile walk alone on bay. 14 April. Friday. Clear, cloudless, calm except for very light N. wind drawing across ship at 9 a.m. Temp. min.-19°; 12m. 0°; 3:30h. -2°; 9 h. -12° Mate finished his kamalite and the crew brought in first load of ice in it this morning. Pretty good sledge though.

Out with Dr. Hunts for 8-mile walk around head of bay and along south shore nearly to islet and back. Superb weather and good walking. He thinks that I had better go home on the "Cluett", if the new steamer does not arrive before the schooner breaks out of the ice and if there seems to be ground for fear that a second relief ship will not come. We are in serious quandary. There is no doubt in my mind that a second vessel will be sent up this summer, if any message gets through to the museum - and that is sure to go through unless Denmark is now in the war and the "Hans Egede" does not come to Holstensborg this month. What is best to be done, I wonder?

15 April Saturday. Clear; cloudless till late a.m. & then C 1; Calm, N.1at9a & S.2.1 in p.m. Temp. min.-17½°; 9a., 0°; 12m.+3°; 3p.+7° At 10:45 Dr. Hunt and Mate Davis started up mt. wh. Mr. McLaw and Capt. Pickels placed a cairn ca. 2 February and wh. Dr. H. and I climbed on 27 February. Then I estimated the elevation at 2500 feet, but was prejudiced with so much scorn that advance when the others made their guesses to-day at: H.Q.P. 1200', Dr.H. 1175', Mate 1250', Norman 1500', Chief 1100, I got cold feet and reduced my guess to 2000'. Dr. took my Mer- curion aneroid with him to-day while I kept half hourly tabs on the ship's aneroid. The two were re- turned at 2:25 and Dr. Hunts

Record showed that my aneroid 1/00 made the elevation to be 2300 feet ±. They found it cold on the moun- tain, with moderate but keen wind from East. No open water or big leads in sight? I got in some time on St. Vincent's work while attending to the readings. Also read "Deserted Village", "Elegy in Country Churchyard" & "John Gilpin's Ride". Went out for about a half hour just before dinner. Magnificent evening, strong twilight and moon nearly full. 16 April. Sunday. Clear, high thin cirro stratus clouds more or less all day, lt. S. E. wind at 9am. changing to S.W. before noon. Temp. min -7°; 9a.-2°; 12m.+1°; 2:30p.+1°; 7h.-5° About noon Dr. Hunt phot'd

me beside ice cake near ship (101 46,5-8;04. Full costume for cold weather walking (calm) - woolen cap, netsha, sealskin mittens, bearskin pants, kamikles. Now when moderate breeze is blowing I put netsha hood over my head and the cap on top of that to protect my forehead. 46,6-8,04 Full costume for cold weather sledging - kooltah, bearskin mittens, bearskin pants, mansaks, kamikpakas of deerskin (covering ordinary kamiks). Did not hold my fox tail my face protector or carry deerskin muff, both of which were provided for use a- gainst the cold wind that might have been encountered on Melville Bay. 4mi. Out to big gulch and back alone - The southwest wind was keen too light. Capt. P. had his beard shaved off today.

17 April, Monday. Overcast all day - thinly so with abundant cirro stratus clouds at mid day - light to moderate S.E. breeze. light snow or frost falling all day. Temp. min -10°; 9a.+7°; 12m.+12°; 12.30 +14° 8p.+10°. Did not sleep well last night or night before - too much thinking. Better perhaps to be an Eskimo in attitude of mind - nothing seems to bother one of the natives. Out with chief as far as the big quich and back, 4 miles. Light is really more trying to the eyes than on these frosty-aired, hazy days than on a bright, clear day. He says that H.C.P. wonders what I am talking about when I am walking with one of the officers or conversing with one of the crew. He (H.C.P.) seems to think that I am trying

to "get something" on him, but that (1/03 is entirely foreign to my wishes. 18 April. Tuesday. At 9 a.m. neary clear overhead but hazy lower down, air being full of icy snow driving be- fure a "moderate" (4 or 5) Easterly breeze which seemed pretty strong to a landlubber. Wind became more northerly and colder in the afternoon. Some light frosty snow in air. Temp. Min -7°; 9a.-4°; 12m-1°; 1:30p.0°; 8:30p.-4° Too much wind for comfortable walk- ing, hence stayed on board all day. Went down into forecastle and contra- dicted flatly a story which I heard this a.m. to the crew were saying that to the effect that I had held or turned back from Unanask tobacco which Mac Millan sent down to the ship. Small things loom large in the Arctic and troublesome ru-mors start on little or no foundation. The

crew are much disturbed over the [104] impending tobacco famine. Dr. Hers Told the chief last Thursday that we should not be blamed if we consider it necessary to conserve our tobacco for our own needs, because the captain can get plenty from Peter in exchange for some of the foxskins which he (H.C.P.) has gotten in trade for his own tobacco and other things. But no one thus far has yet refused to let H.C.P. have tobacco - About 9 p.m. Kotutingwa arrival from Cape York, where he got a polar bear which he brought with him. Average temp. Oct. day, +20° F. Nov. mins -2&frac{2}{3}°+1-3&frac{1}{2} Dec. mins -6.8 days +8.2 Jan. mins (20) -17.3 days -8.8°; Feb. mins -18.2 days -15.9 March mins -1.8°+3&frac{1}{2} days +8.8°; Apr. mins -6.27 days +8 19 April. Wednesday Clear, cloudless, calm. Not so bril-

hair, however, as it is sometimes - 1/05 Temp. min. -12°; 9a.+40 ; 12m. ; 3:15p. 90 3:45p.+70 ; 6p.+50 Out with Dr. Hunt to cache at Cape Dudley Digges . Sat on rocks for an hour and more waiting for Kolu- tingwa . Keen, moderate W. breeze blew occasionally, making exposed places cold. Warm in sun. Thin snow on black rocks melting under direct rays of sun - At 1:40p. started back alone and met Kolu- tingwa near the black point. His kaura- tik was heavily loaded with bear meat and skin, boards from his old igloo at Akpat and a new one from the ship, and sundries, but he had ten good dogs and was moving along. He stopped to speak with me, shake hands and say "good bye," in English. Dr Hunt followed me in and reported that H. had taken on a barrel of flour at the cache - At 9 p. sunlight still touching tops southern mts.

20 April. Thursday. 1/06 Clear & cloudless; light, variable wind mostly from west. Occasional keen strong puff. Temp. min.-14°; 9a.+8°; 12m.+11°; 4p.+5°; 8p.0°; 9½,-4° A lovely day and I went to top of craag abreast of schooner to get its altitude by aneroid. Average of up and down readings 797.5 feet, hence call the value 800 feet. Trip of a- bout three miles between 2:15 and 4p.m., Alone. Beautiful view, horizon being clear. I could see nothing but ice as far as I could judge. Taylor crew says he discerned open lead outside of Conical Rock. Saw rabbit tracks. Met Frander_ on the plateau. Dr. Hunt got a piece of white-whale skin from Koluttingwa. We had some itis even- ing, frozen and boiled. I preferred the frozen and baked Had polar bear meat, boiled, for dinner: Very good, not being cooked over much.

21 April Friday Overcast with cirro cumulus clouds at 9a.m. but cleared off almost entirely before noon. Calm, slight variable. Temp. min -12°; 9a +5°; 12m +10°; 2p. +11°; 4p. +10°; 8p. +2.5° Some St. Vincent work under adverse circumstances, or contayin cabin. Out alone for an hour and a half around head of bay - about 4 mi. This evening Dr. Hunt gave up and turned in with the stomach ache, apparently too much white-whale skin. Dosed up with peppermint by H.C.P. Norman continues to have great trouble with stiffness, swelling and pain in one leg, but not the one that got frosted. Dr. says that perhaps it is phlebitis - H.C.P. is sure that it is rheumatism. I wonders whether it may not be scarvy. Sun sets on eastern and southern mountain chains after 9p.m. Hazy at 9:30

22 April. Saturday. 1/08 Clear, cloudless most of day, calm. Temp. min +1 1/2 o; 9a.+16o; 12m.+18o; 4p.+16 1/2; 6p.+6 1/2 Took Mark Davis for seven-mile walk across both glaciers and into the former nunatak, photographing and taking altitudes. At 11:15 a. sea level, aneroid 110', foot of big (Cluett") glacier 11:45, 310' = 200'; first crest of glacier 12:10, 860' = 750'; second crest (Hunt's station?) 12:45, 1010' = 900'; level with bottom of moat 1:05 p., 1240' = 1130'; saddle leading to cairn Mt. 125p, 1680' = 1570'; East nose of former nunatak, 2:28p. 540' = 430'; top of "" " 2:40p. 660' = 550'; base of "" " 3p. 190' = 80'; sea level 3:23p. 110' 47-1-8-02 Furrows and ridges in upper surface of glacier at crest as seen from ship, which is 900 ft.A.T. by aneroid. 12:45 p.m. These are longitudinal with reference to glacier and are probably a result of wind action. 47,2; 8,04. Moat between first eastern lateral mountain and the glacier. Southern side of glacier. Produced by wind corroning from mount

rain during snow storms or melt /09 deposition. Taken from glacier at bottom of 1130 feet A.T. on level with upper portion of moat. Ahrugnodablako, Egingwak and Erik arrived about 4:30 p.m., hav- ing come up to take Pudteak and family northward. Twelve bears have been gotten this winter in hunting from Cape York. Cook's name for the old man is "Old Blowhole". Dr. Hunt examined my heart this evening. Same as at first he says, with accentuation of subtle and muscular murmurs. Says I must avoid exposure to high wind. 23 April Easter Sunday. clear and cloudless; calm with occasional puffs light wind blowing out the sky. Temp. min.+2°; 9a+18°; 12m.+18°; 6p.+15½°. The three Cape York men started about 10 a.m. for Unalakleet with Dr. Hunt's baggage and took on the supplies at

Cape Dudley Diggs excepts a keg of (///0 molasses and two tins of butter. Dr. Hunt and I started out about 9:45 and walked as far as the big gulch before the kamua- tiks overtook us. Then he jumped onto Ahugno dabloho's karnatik and went on his way to Umanak and I was aw- fully sorry to have to say good-bye to him. I walked on alone as far as Broken Rock Point and then back to the ship - 7 miles. About 2:30 p.m. Kudluktur and Paul- lunnak arrived from Umanak bringing meat and letters from Ekblaw. They met Dr. Hunt as or near the cape. Kudluktur speaks a little English. They came for the supplies and will take coal back - they have five teams of 17 + 14 dogs Excitement was not over, for about 5:30 we saw three karnatiks approach- ing from Cape York. Jumped to the con- clusion that it was Peter and the two

{ "text": "Estimies from the southbound party. III\nSo I started out to meet them and the\nchief ran out and overtook me, and we\nintercepted the first two Kamatics near\nour ice-supply berg. But it was not Peter.\n(Itskasook) Metik\nIt was Innootok and Mitke from Cape\nSeldon and Ahnugnalotko with his wife\nand three children from Cape York on their\nway to Unanak to trade. Innootok (Itsk-\na suk ?) got a bear on the way across Melville\nBay. A long journey for trading! There are\nabout 70 dogs on the ice beside the ship.\nNumber of narwhal tusks, one at least 8 ft long.\n\n24 April. Monday.\nClear and cloudless. Calm, or light\nvariable wind - E at 9; W at 10 tc.\nTemp. min +10°; 9a. +18°; 12m. +20°; 3p. +24°\nThe rowboat was put out onto the ice,\nthe main hatch was opened and fourteen\n``` ```json\n{}``` `text`: \"\"Estimies from the southbound party. III\\nSo I started out to meet them and the\\nchief ran out and overtook me, and we\\nintercepted the first two Kamatics near\\nour ice-supply berg. But it was not Peter.\\n(Itskasook) Metik\\nIt was Innootok and Mitke from Cape\\nSeldon and Ahnugnalotko with his wife\\nand three children from Cape York on their\\nway to Unanak to trade. Innootok (Itsk-\\na suk ?) got a bear on the way across Melville\\nBay. A long journey for trading! There are\\nabout 70 dogs on the ice beside the ship.\\nNumber of narwhal tusks, one at least 8 ft long.\\n\\n24 April. Monday.\\nClear and cloudless. Calm, or light\\nvariable wind - E at 9; W at 10 tc.\\nTemp. min +10°; 9a. +18°; 12m. +20°; 3p. +24°\\nThe rowboat was put out onto the ice,\\nthe main hatch was opened and fourteen\"```text``json\n{}``` `text`: \"\"Estimies from the southbound party. III\\nSo I started out to meet them and the\\nchief ran out and overtook me, and we\\nintercepted the first two Kamatics near\\nour ice-supply berg. But it was not Peter.\\n(Itskasook) Metik\\nIt was Innootok and Mitke from Cape\\nSeldon and Ahnugnalotko with his wife\\nand three children from Cape York on their\\nway to Unanak to trade. Innootok (Itsk-\\na suk ?) got a bear on the way across Melville\\nBay. A long journey for trading! There are\\nabout 70 dogs on the ice beside the ship.\\nNumber of narwhal tusks, one at least 8 ft long.\\n\\n24 April. Monday.\\nClear and cloudless. Calm, or light\\nvariable wind - E at 9; W at 10 tc.\\nTemp. min +10°; 9a. +18°; 12m. +20°; 3p. +24°\\nThe rowboat was put out onto the ice,\\nthe main hatch was opened and fourteen\"```text``json\n{}``` `text`: \"\"Estimies from the southbound party. III\\nSo I started out to meet them and the\\nchief ran out and overtook me, and we\\nintercepted the first two Kamatics near\\nour ice-supply berg. But it was not Peter.\\n(Itskasook) Metik\\nIt was Innootok and Mitke from Cape\\nSeldon and Ahnugnalotko with his wife\\nand three children from Cape York on their\\nway to Unanak to trade. Innootok (Itsk-\\na suk ?) got a bear on the way across Melville\\nBay. A long journey for trading! There are\\nabout 70 dogs on the ice beside the ship.\\nNumber of narwhal tusks, one at least 8 ft long.\\n\\n24 April. Monday.\\nClear and cloudless. Calm, or light\\nvariable wind - E at 9; W at 10 tc.\\nTemp. min +10°; 9a. +18°; 12m. +20°; 3p. +24°\\nThe rowboat was put out onto the ice,\\nthe main hatch was opened and fourteen\"```text``json\n{}``` `text`: \"\"Estimies from the southbound party. III\\nSo I started out to meet them and the\\nchief ran out and overtook me, and we\\nintercepted the first two Kamatics near\\nour ice-supply berg. But it was not Peter.\\n(Itskasook) Metik\\nIt was Innootok and Mitke from Cape\\nSeldon and Ahnugnalotko with his wife\\nand three children from Cape York on their\\nway to Unanak to trade. Innootok (Itsk-\\na suk ?) got a bear on the way across Melville\\nBay. A long journey for trading! There are\\nabout 70 dogs on the ice beside the ship.\\nNumber of narwhal tusks, one at least 8 ft long.\\n\\n24 April. Monday.\\nClear and cloudless. Calm, or light [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

bags of coal were hoisted out and [112] turned over to the men to take to Umas. nak. Kudluktu took 8 and Pnadluma also 6, the former took a box containing evaporated milk and the griddle iron, as that both kamaniks were well loaded, getting under way about 11:30 a.m. 47-3; 8.04. Kudluktu's kamatik ~~~ and dogs about ready to start. About 11:15 the crew began cutting out the ice around the middie. This will be quite a job and it must be done before there is any danger of movement of the vessel or the surround- ing ice, and before the coal can be put ashore - About 11:30 I started out to photo- graph the big Bird cliff. In a few minutes Pnadluma overtook me. He moved for- ward on his kamatik to make room

for me so I jumped aboard and [1/3] rode out to the cache at Cape Dudley Digges. As far out as the gulch there was considerable rather soft snow, but I enjoyed the ride, es- pecially after we reached the smooth new ice a mile this side of the cape - some nar- now open leads at the cape show that the ice is sure to go out with the next S.E. gale, especially if it comes with the high tides. Stukasuk (Inarotok) and Wiete went on in company with the Expedition's men. I started back bravely with my 20+ lb. load of melted milk and did not stop to rest until after reaching the old rough ice. After that stops became more fre- quent and my load became so heavy that I was glad enough to hand it over to Taylor who came out from the schooner and met me 150-200 yards from my destination. My work was unnecessary.

because [illegible] would have // been glad to take me out and back, but I did not think of asking him to do it! 47.4; 8:04 Pinnacle of Bird Cliff west of the gulf. Should show sea-grotto ele- vated about 60 feet above the sea. 47.5; 8:02. Rounded iceberg and its ice foots. Bear steak fried just right with onion gravy for breakfast and good boiled seal for dinner make the day mem- orable in the food line. We now have two seals and a quarter of bear 25 April Tuesday. Clear and cloudless, but windy - light to strong from S.S.E or S.E. 6h.+15° Temp. min +3°; 9a.+24°; 12m.+23°; max+30°. Crew continued work on ice about rudder. They found the ice to be not more than three feet thick and their-

fore broke through it unexpectedly, [1/15] The hole of course immediately filled with water, which hindered work and made it very uncomfortable, though Ben did not seem to mind sitting on a plank with his legs immersed nearly up to his knees in the icy liquid. 47-6. 8-02 Crew at work cutting out ice about the rudder. So windy that I stayed on board - Charley under Captain Pickels's direction took all packages and goods out of the lazarette and began scraping off and removing the frost - accumulations of the winter. H.C.P.'s charts have not been improved by staying in there. Expedition records and films were at once put down into the room, also the numerous tasks (3). About 5:30 p.m. Merc and Almg.

Nodablaho are, from Umanak 1/16 having left there at 11 this morning. Leads opening off end of Petowik glacier, Mene brought down two small boxes netting nine pounds of tobacco, but it is Battle Ax and Norman and the chief are greatly disappointed. Norman has been extremely insulting in his remarks about it and about my fancied connection with the transaction, Norman saying that I had hindered its coming down, whereas the contrary is true. He is a regular trouble maker and seems to think that everybody is trying to "do" him - Tobacco sold to Captain Pickels for $3.15 + credited to Eke's Exped. account. Captain Pickels told me today that he had supplies enough for the probable remainder of the voyage, - among

other things 3 Hds of flour besides L/17 that now open, 7 cases of six tins each of the canned fresh meat, plenty of salt beef and pork, at least half a cask of mo- classes besides the keg gotten from Ex Jed - Biscuit are almost exhausted and beans are low, but there are plenty of peas. The barrel of corn meal gotten from me is all right. Alingualotlo and Aiona (his wife) and children returned to Cape York this morning. 26 April. Wednesday. Clear, cloudless a.m. + cirrostratus p.m. Light E. wind at 9a. afterward calm + variable. 8h.+6° Temp. min +5°; 9a.+17°; 12m.+18°; max +33°; 4h.+15° Alngwiodabloho left early for Cape York - the old man is certainly energetic! Mene got away at 11 o'clock with Kamik 100 lbs ± 6 grass, a box of corn meal, and gallon of vinegar from ship. I rode out to Cape Dudley Digges with him and he took thence

the last of the supplies there - a keg of [1/8] Molasses, 2 tins butter, case of canned peas and some small boxes of yeast cakes. Was glad to see the last of that stuff go. Returned overland from the cache as far the Big Gulch and thence on bay - a beautiful walk it was over the hills, but rather hard and fatiguing. I could make out no open leads. Petowik glacier presented a fine sight with its light blue edge and top. It seems to me that the glacier does not project into the sea more than two miles from the head land on its southern side, but Captain Pickels estimates the distance at 3 miles. Crew removed banking from southern side of vessel To-day but did not finish cutting out the mid- der. They complain of having to work on short rations - Equiwal + Erik arrived at 9:15 p.m. from Umakat

mere confirmed the truth of the rumor[119] that Alakotiak [not Alakutsiak as Peter calls it] has gotten married. The boy has gotten a walrus, so that he is in comfort on his honeymoon living at Karrak, I understand. 27 April Thursday. clear overhead but lower air thick with driving snow. S.E. wind began to blow heavily about 4 a.m. and was a - bour 4 of Beaufort scale at 9 a.m. accord- ing to H.C.P. To the landsman the wind seemed stronger than a "moderate breeze" Wind decreased in afternoon + there were some high cirro-stratus clouds in the sky. overcast + rather thick at 4 o'clock Temp. min.+2;9a.+4°;12m.+6½;4h+9°;6½+9° On board on account of wind till after dinner, they went out for a tour (3 mi) around head of bay, the wind

having practically ceased. But (120) it was thick and "murky overhead" and rather damp and chilly, with temp +90. Seven of the crew with Eqingwah and Erile were playing scrab base ball on the ice. The Eskimos throw like a woman and don't get a clear idea of the game, but they seem to enjoy playing and they are lots of fun. De- pression settles over the ship on a day like this and all troubles are magnified. Eqingwah and Erile brought a fine young seal to us yesterday, so that now we have three seal car- casses hanging in the main rigging. Hence the captain is saving his beans and giving us Namuk steaks for bfr. and frisse for dinner - and some of the crew kick because the beans are cut out. The forecastle crowd like.

Their meat more than well done, while/12/ the mate, chief and I like it rare or me- dium, which is another source of dif- ficulty and the fore peak usually wins out over the cabin, being on the spot while the cooking is going on and old Nathan being afraid that the stuff will not be "done" in time. This evening we had seal meat boiled to the after cabin taste and it was fine. The captain eats neither seal nor bear meat, hence his breakfasts have been pretty light this week. H.C.P. is trying to catch a live fox now to take home with him. 28 April Friday. Overcast, thick. Wind (of 4 or 5) still blowing, apparently from N.E. or N. W. Snow falling + much drift in air.

Temp. Min +1°; 9a.+13°; 12m+16° 4h.+19°; 7:30p.+19°. [1/22] Captain reports quite a gale as blowing about 2 o'clock this morning. Erik and the Egimwah started for Cape York between 10:15 and 10:20 in spite of the storm. They said that the wind would be at their backs, hence they must consider it to be from the north. Dog food is out and they are afraid that the leads will open up again. Dismal day - Cabin company depressed. Regular blizzard raged all afternoon, though sun was trying to shine through the haze of drifting snow. By mid af- ternoon feathery snow was falling and storm was bad. Wind S.S. at vessel. 29 April. Saturday. Overcast and thick, though sun tried to shine through the haze about

midday. Blizzard continues (23) to rage, there being no lessening in the force of the wind at 10:30 p.m. From 2 to 4 this morning it blew a "full gale of wind" according to Captain Pickels. Temp. min +19°; 9a +22°; 12m +25°; 6p, +22° On board all day on account of storm. Such weather is dismal + depressing. 30 April Sunday. Heavy storm continued to rage till late afternoon. Much heavy wet snow fell. Temp. min +22°; 9a +31½°; 12m. 31½° 2p. +33°; 7p. +25° On board all day on account of storm. Third day of confinement. Seems to be clearing this evening. Taylor came in from his traps reporting that the ice had gone out at the isles and beyond, extending the lead north.

ward, this would bring the open (124 water to a line about 2 1/2 mi. from the ship. Got our coal and supplies around to Umarnak just in time ! He wonder where Egingwah and Erik are. Fried seal meat for breakfast and boiled seal for dinner - no beans for a week or more. Temp. av. for month - First 21 days mins. -12o ; noon +8o 30 " " -6.27; " +8o 1 May. Monday. Clear overhead. C2. Wind E 6 feeling low air with driving snow. Better at noon when H.C.P. said that wind was W.S.W. Temp. min +18o ; 9a +26o ; 12m+30o ; 4p.+32o ; 8p.+33 1/2 Out between 2 and 4 for walk of three mi. including snow-drift glacier, where noted enlarged and sharpened cornice of snow projecting at least 15 ft from face of glacier

H.S. P. was out along north shore 1/25 offr dinner and came in at 8 o'clock say- ing that he had seen 16 large white gulls (brugoneiter?) beside lots of snow buntings. This afternoon the chief put a second brass patch on the stove on account of holes burn- ed through the brass bands. The stove is be- ginning to look like the mat's trousers, for repairs made on it. Snow drift rises a foot above the port rail amidships. 2 May. Tuesday. Clear. C 2. E or S.E. 6-7 + gusty. Temp. min +25o; 9a. 39o; 12m. 39o; 2p. 40o; 4p. 39o The strong wind has been warm and the snow has melted a lot to-day. This morning the crew cleared snow from the deck and the vessel looks more ship- shape. Thawed out pump with salt and pumped her out. Fine odor from the bilge water, which has rotted for about seven months! Chief went ashore and got

a five-gallon can from a little stream 1/26 pouring over the shore cliff from the base of a snow bank. Mate followed suit. Seems good to see running water again after seven months of solid frost. But we shall have some more cold weather before melting begins with real activity. Went ashore and walked for an hour on land and on the bare ice of the bay. Wind too strong and snow too soft for enjoy- able walking. Ahuquiolots propped an old door against the window of the igloo, which had been broken by the puppy, but he left a hole though much in snow drifted during this last storm. H.C.P. had the doorway of the forward house opened up and door removed. Midnight sun due to-night. 3 May. Wednesday. Overcast and rather thick to thick. Little wind. Moderate E in am.

Westerly and variable to calm in pm. [1/27] Temp. min 28°; 9a 34°; 12m 34°; 5p 30°; 9p 30° At 9 a.m. Norman called down the companion way that Peter was alongside, and surely enough there he was, looking fine and with his dogs in good condition considering their long journey. He was followed shortly by Pingasut and Harrigan, and not long afterward by Eqingnak and Alinuklinguaq. They left Cape York yesterday morning and slept at Akpat. Open water off Parker. Snow Point forced them to come over the cap from Akpat (Sutton). Eqingnak is going to live at Umanak or north of there to hunt walrus. Peter and his Eskimos turned back from Green and company two marches south of Umanak, leaving on 5 March, leaving our men in the care of Mr. Balla, high priest of North Greenland, who was returning to his home at Egedesminde. This was most fortunate for all parties concerned, since Peter could not have gotten back till late summer by steamer, if at all this year, if he had been obliged to go any farther. As it was, he had some trouble coming up on account of poor ice conditions. Naturally a great load has been lifted from my mind by this safe return with good reports from Green and Tangmanq. The journey has been much more expensive than Peter estimated in advance that it would be, but that is a frequent experience in traveling. Peter brought tobacco for the crew as well as for me, hence I might have saved myself any discussion w.r.t.P.P.! [clear removed blanking from next side]

4 May. Thursday - 1/28 Clear, cloudless or nearly so, calm. 10:30, 36° Temp. min. 26°; 9a 37°; 12m. 38°; 4h. 38°; 6p. 30° Crew removed forward shelter house and the schooner begins to look more like a vessel. Chief and helpers repaired mudder head band with chain under H.C.P.'s direction. Had discussion with captain over removal of coal to beach for Peter. Captain said the agreement of last win- ter to put it ashore was off because, he said, that Peter told him yesterday that I had said at Cape York that the coal was still mine (the Expedition). I denied shipping or thinking any thing of the kind but H.C.P. said it as he would not require the crew to the work without pay. I said that the best that I could do was to offer 2 lbs. smoking tobacco to each man. Then H.C.P. agreed to see that the coal was put ashore all night. Peter afterward told me that he did not tell the captain that, because I did not say it. H.C.P. is extremely disagreeable in his attitude toward me. He thinks that he has cause for feeling sore, but I think otherwise and that he is the one who has treated The Muss- um, the Expedition and me badly. I wish that I were well out of all this mess. [See p. 137]

About 11 o'clock Peter and 1/29 the Eskimos started for Umunali on the sea ice - Photos with graphex "6, 14" 8/35 of Peter embraiding dog-traces and of him starting. I rode out with him nearly to our cape cache - a- bout 4 1/2 miles. Saw some seals on the ice. Peter and the other men climbed up on the rocks to examine the prospect. Reported impassable leads and all turned back, reaching ship about 10 o'clock. Peter wanted to wait till evening before start- ing over the ice cap, but the Eskimos did not want to delay, hence in a quarter hour all were under way again. I rode out about five miles with Peter nearly to where first high ridge begins to be steep and walked back, getting to ship just at dinner time. Snow surface not bad for walking down hill and much better for sledging than was expected. I asked Peter to give each of the three Eskimos - Tatiale, Aug- asut and Harrigan - who came to Upen- minds and beyond 10 km as a gratuity. and add it to the Expedition's bill. Rabbit stew for dinner. Ben saw a hare or a little antelope afternoon and got a rabbit. Mate went over to or near the big (Chett) gla- cier and reported the icicles gone and a stream of water flowing from the front. The big snow drift on the port side of the vessel has been the ice down and slightly increased her list to port, but this varies in amount with rise and full of tide. Peter took 3 Greenland sledge away with him.

5 May. Friday. High, detached cirrus clouds, calm. But heavy south or S.E. wind began to blow about 5 p.m. and sou'e half gale. Max 44° Temp. min. 24°; 9a.38°; 12m.42°; 4p.42°; 8p.38° Before seven this morning Stukasuk, Knitte and Koludena came in from Unanak without having seen Peter Co on route. Koludena is going to Cape Seddon to marry Inekotok's widow, and his Kamitile is loaded down with his share of the housekeep- ing things. He even has a frame for a kyock. The men slept today and started on for Cape York via the ice cap about 6 p.m. in spite of its high wind. H.C.P. and I were planning to goven to Cape York with these men and visit the new meteorite, but gave it up on account of Peter's report that Alug- Nodalbloho and Erik were about to come northward ('in a couple of days'). We (or I at any rate) would not have cared to start over the ice cap in the face of the gale now raging. I went out alone to Broken Rock Point, 6+ miles walk. Did some photographing and took some geological notes on the Bird Cliff. Lovely spring day and I was out on my walk about five hours, en- joying it very much. Most of the time I was too warm wearing my netcha and therefore carried it on my arm. Warmth has settled the snow so that the going was very good. H.C.P. himself fired grass on cliff slope this afternoon, greatly extending area burned by the crew yesterday. Did not seem to burn into the peat, they say, and soon we'll have a fine green lawn to look at. Plenty of Kamik grass left, if they don't burn over a lot more of the grassland - I hope that they let it alone. Chief just a foot under me sided about this evening. Taylor climbed the cliff last night and saw the sun at midnight.

6 May. Saturday. 1/31 Clear, Cloudless, calm. Last night wind died out between 3 and 4 this morning. Temp. min. 27°; 9a. 38°; 12m. 41°; 5: 30½. 3¾. max 44° “Thousands” little auks were seen by some of the crew flying about the cliffs early this morning. Ben shot one and ate it raw. The birds disappeared before I went on deck at 9 o’clock. Mate heard some murres. Crew removed after shelter house and I extinguished cabin lamp at 11:17. We all are rejoiced to have the sunlight enter the cabin once more. Tried to do some work on St. Vincent, but could not accomplish much with the noise of the work over my head and the talk of the captain and men. Snow is soft for walking. Quite a pool of water around the vessel in trench left by removing the banking. Glad to get fresher and dryer air in the cabin - developed roll of films after noon - overexposed: Chief took off his beard and looks odd enough. After dinner and cards left vessel at 8 p.m. and walked for two hours, visiting front of the big Cluett glacier, route covered about 4 miles. All the array of icicles has disappeared. I am sorry not to have gotten a photo of it, but chances of success seemed poor, anyhow. Blue color gone now through soft and porous chlora str. of four due to warmth of sun’s rays. Vegetation is beginning to show life - willow turfs softening. Stream of water 1-2 ft. wide and 2-4 inches deep is flowing away from the glacier. Saw none coming from its other glaciers, but I did not go close to either of its bases. Ground is quite boggy and spongy where there is earth or turf. Men is showing frogs in the moss. Canvas house was put on on 14 October, hence has been on a week less than seven months

1 May. Sunday, 1/32 Clear + Calm. C4 at 9 a.m., but clouds (after noon or nearly so) max 38° Temp. min 12°; 9a 33°; 12m 37°; 4p. 36°; 6p 35°; Took photos 9 x 16, 4-12, of captain and crew in winter costume on ice near vessel - From 11 to 4 out alone to big gulch and via that to top of Bird Cliff and the summits on the plateau. Took elevations – Bay ice at gulch 410' 12m – 12:45p. Edge of cliff first section 1170' = 760' A.J. 12:53p. Do above pinnacle photo'd 1190' = 780' A.J. 1:02p. Do. highest point second section 1250' = 840' A.J. 1:35p. High point above Broken Rock Pt. 1560' = 1150' A.J. (highest point visible from Clvert) 1:42p. Highest point of bluff mass 1580' = 1170' A.J. 2:55p. Bay ice at foot of gulch. 400'; . average wld. add 5ft. to A.J.'s given above. In big gulch about 100 feet above bay there is a 3 foot boulder of schistose augen gneiss augen consist of Karlsbads turn of feldspar about an inch long, extremely thick, parallel position, long axes parallel to schistosify. Handsome specimen. Plateau has on it some of RudtLak's lines of stones for the attachment of rabbit snares – may long ante date Rudtlak! Three remains of little ant caches, one of which was near edge of cliff above the pinnacle - Saw us erratics surface being wholly cored with frost-rounded, subangular, and few angular fragments of local rock, nearly or quite in place. Diabase sill or dike shown as a band of darker debris amid the feldspastic gneiss. Change from feldspar gneiss to hornblende gneiss can be made out despite of coating of lichens. Above Broken Rock Point the gneiss is very black from the contained hornblende - Beautiful day and beautiful view – Wide open lead around Cape Dudley Digges and extending northward well off from point of Petowitz Glacier and toward Cape Athol. Toward Cape York leads are broad and

Numerous. Network of open leads ex-1/33 Tends westward for miles. Limit was hidden in low fog showing proximity of open water. Later this low bank of fog rolled in beyond Conical Rock and even sent a streamer into south side of bay - soon dissipated. Pelowik Glacier, like the icebergs, has lost most of its blue color through softening of the ice and does not look nearly as beauti- ful as it did ten days ago (26 Apr.) when I walked over the mountain after leaving Mere - Noted two ivory gulls, a falcon perched on a rock on the plateau, snow buntings, one little auk, a fly, a caterpillar, willow catkins shed- ding their seeds, two widely separated last year's eggs prob. of little auk. Gentle breeze from S.S.W. or Southwest. Much grass, moss and earth in patches on the plateau especially above the eastern part of the Bird Cliffs. Rudder freed itself from the ice today and the ship is now loose all around. 8 May. Monday. Clear, cloudless, calm. Light puffs of wind, variable, in late afternoon and evening. Temp. min 18°; 12m.39a, 34°; 12m.37°; 4h.37°; 7:30 h - 30° Max 39 Crew bent on spanker and rive gear for all the big sails. We could sail now if we had to, or had a chance! They hoisted spanker course in bending it on. Out with H.C.P. to Broken Rock Point looking for the local "quarry" of soapstone used by the Eskimos. H.C.P. visited it with Puddle but it was hard to find again un- der the changed conditions of snow and light. He found it, however, 1/2-3/4 mile east of the big gnech in the cliff just above (20-25') the level of the bay. Pleasant and interesting walk, disagreeable topics being avoided - Footling rather soft & the 7 mi. walk was enough.

Trickling of snow water down the gulls, 134 in the face of the bluffs makes pleasant music. Saw only two gulls, one raven and several snow-bunting. Chief first patch on front of store today. 9 May. Tuesday. Clear, cloudless. Calm or nearly so - Low, light fog in outer bay early. Went out around 9a. Temp. min 18½°; 9a. 29°; 12m. 35°; 4h. 37°; 8h. +27° Early this morning Ootah, alpselungun Kartmah (name ok?), with their wives and chil- dren and Peter's deaf and dumb ward, 14 Es- Kirinos in all, arrived from Umanak on their way to Itkaput, Cape York and Cape Seddon. I make out that they are going to stay here for some days and then distribute themselves down the line. Ootah says that he and his fam- ily are going to Cape Seddon for the summer, returning northward when the sun is down; this seems to me an odd arrangement of time, yet he says he has plenty meat at one place. The deaf mute is going to his sister at Cape Seddon. The Es-kirinos came on six kamatikles and have pitched two tupics on the beach near Pudtlac's igloo. They brought a kayak and a set-up kayak frame with them. These look like awkward loads for kamatiks. Two of the men went out hunting seals but saw none. Ootah's wife mended up my kamatik. Went out after dinner for 2 hr. walk, going to the lateral moraine on north side of the big (Cluett) glacier. Leaf buds on the willows are swelling; grass is putting out new leaves, green leaves really begin to show under the dead brown leaves. Spring is coming rapidly now, apparently. Let it come as fast as it will! The streams from the ice front of the Cluett glacier is so strong now that its gur- ling is audible a half mile or more away.

10 May. Wednesday. 1/35 Clear and cloudless. Moderate to fresh eastly or south easterly breeze from early morning to about 5:30 p.m. Temp. min 19°; 9a. 35°; 12m. 35°; 3:30p. 37° 6:30p. 34°. Max. 37° Crew began removing coal from the hold and got nearly half of it out and piled on the ice alongside, when the captain stopped the work, because the vessel was not rising in response to the lightening of her load. Clouds of auklets flew along the cliffs between 1 & 4:30 this morning and then disappeared. Ben got three and the Eskimos ten of the birds. H.C.P. secured them and we are to have them for dinner tomorrow. The birds were caught with nets like long handled dip nets. They fly too high now for much success with nets. Out alone for walk along shore this morning and after dinner for five mile walk around head of bay to snow-drift glacier and directly back. Chief told me day before yesterday that fly wheel was loose on crank shaft and thrown out of position before "Cluett" reached Boston from New York. This could be established by testimony of engineer from Wolverine Co. who was on the vessel. Ootah says that Pudlatak and family are occupying his igloo at Kiateg and that not Preflataki's baby has arrived there. Pudlatak's igloo here is a desolate looking place now with the floor and platforms covered with ears, de-bris snow and frost - a forlorn place for human habitation. "Scouse" for breakfast. Have stew for dinner. Changed plates and got graflex camera into shape for fresh use in evening.

11 May. Thursday, (36) Clear but overcast a.m. Light clouds and cloudless afternoon. Water fog thick well out at sea - moc 32° Temp min 25°; 9a 29°; 12m, 29°; 4p, 30°; 7h, 30° At 8:50 this morning while I was getting ready for breakfast, I felt the vessel give a sudden jerk. She had freed herself from the ice adhering to her port side and came out on even keel. Her port side rose about a foot and the chief's snow bridge is now something of a jump down from the rail. Crew piled on shore the coal which they removed from the hold yesterday - with chief's aid overhauled Ernemann Motion picture camera, cleaned its gear and got it into running order. Captain Conois snow igloo has disappeared. Walked out alone for about an hour before dinner along north shore side of bay. Scouse for breakfast. Stew of antelopes and canned roast beef for dinner, also stewed dried peaches. The birds were good but there was only one apiece - except that H.C.P. served me two. It would take from four to six to make a good meal for a man. Last evening Ootah and company struck their tupics and started over the ice cap toward Cape York. At 1 this morning they were just about to disappear over the crest. H.C.P. bought a shaggy puppy 4 or 5 months old from one of the men and it makes night hideous with its howling. Not very friendly yet except with Ben. The huskies conspired Pudt-lats igloo for anything of value to themselves. There were no antelopes on the cliffs this morning, hence H.C.P. had to postpone his intended try at getting some. Sea fog came into bay about 8 p.m., producing curious illusionary distance as one looked across bay toward invisible south shore.

12 May. Friday. (137) Overcast and thick. Light snow falling and calm at 9 o'clock. Somewhat clearer at 10 and after, snow ceased, disagreeable light breeze came up from the south. Chilly rather strong before noon. Clear in the afternoon. Cloud amount not high at sea. Temp. min. 19°; 9a. 32°; 12m. 28°; 4h. 28° During my talk with Captain Pickels on 4 May (see §. 128), he said that stopping at Upernivik Cost us Melville Bay. This was the first time that this idea had been advanced in my hearing. I doubt the justification for the statement. We certainly had a good strong breeze during the afternoon of the day on which we arrived at 7h. m. at Upernivik anchorage and it was too rough for us to go ashore that evening; but the wind died out during the night and the following day (11 Aug.) was calm; so calm that H.C.O. would not leave, said then that it was not advisable to get under weigh. Of course we should have covered a good many miles with the breeze of 10 Aug. but probably should not have gotten more than half way from Upernivik to Devil's Throat before losing the wind. As I have said the 11th was calm. On 12th we had light N. wind; 13th same; 14th calm; 15th brisk wind from N.N.W. In early morning of 16 Aug. we were off Devil's Throat. Results so one can say how much if any appreciable time we lost by stopping at Upernivik, but neither Captain Pickels nor Captain Cover said a word against stopping there. It seems to me that they should have pointed out to me the risk of stopping, if they or either of them had felt that there was any. With my present experience in the arctic and knowledge of the "Chatta", I would not stop there in an auxiliary schooner under similar conditions. The stop was made with the advice and approval of Dean and other men of experience in order to learn about the ice conditions in Melville Bay - But we learned nothing.

1/38 Crew took remainder of coal out of the hold and finished piling it on the ice and closing the hatch just before noon. The bags are poor and some are in bad condition, but there has been little loss yet. The men used a ball of twine sewing the rents in the bags before hoisting them. Better bags should have been used in the first place. If I have anything to do with outfitting another arctic expedition, I shall advise using anthracite coal only and bringing it up in good bags running 20 to the ton. Got in three or four hours of St. Vincent work, calculating distances at crater. Day has been unpleasant and chilly, but I took a 3/4 hr. walk up and down good ice in this section of bay before dinner. Breakfast: course, corn meal mush, molasses, bread, butter, coffee, milk. Dinner: pea soup, corned beef, canned tomatoes, salt pork, potatoes, turnips, bread, butter, tea, milk, molasses for sweetening. 13 May. Saturday. Clear, cloudless or light clouds, calm and light S. & S.W. winds Temp. min. 28o; 9a.36o; 12m.37o; 4p.35o; 9p.27o Crew took about half the coal ashore. I worked on St. Vincent crater calculations and developed a dozen plates. Ahuqrodak & laho and Ahingnalokló came in from Cape York about 12:30 this morning. They brought a kayak and book for Erle who is coming soon. Esblaw with Mere and Eginguaksual arrived from Umanak at 4 p.m.

just in time for dinner. About 57 m. Sigdlu, Alacotiak and the Kiakle missionary family of wife and three children followed in from Umanak on their way to Cape York where some of them are going to settle for the season - at about 6 p.m. all the Cape York people started for the south over the ice cap. Photos. 17,1. $/50 Alacotiak and Kama- tik with Kayak on it. 17,2. $/50 Kiakle missionary and wife beside their Kamatik. Inuk 17,3 $/35 Mere and Sigdlu beside a Kamatik. 17,4 $/35 Sigdlu and Eginguarh beside the former's Kamatik. Alacotiak says that he got married all right. Suitcase came tagged "Dr. Hunt, Bangor". 14 May Sunday - Overcast and with low cloud or fog or ice cap and mountains till late afternoon but cleared to cloudless by 8 o'clock or before - Temp. min. 26°; 9 a. 34°; 12 m. 34°; 3 p. 36°; 10 p. 27° Ekblaw and I had a conference this morning with Captain Pickels in which I told him that conditions in N.W. Greenland as reported to me by Mr. Ekblaw and others made it necessary for Dr. Hunt, Captain Corner and me to return home- ward on the "Cluvett", in case the schoo- lr leaves before the arrival of a relief stea- er from the Museum. Mr. Ekblaw said that he would spare 16 lb flour, 1/2 qt cornmeal, 1 keg molasses from expedition stores if needed for the ship or account.

of our passage. H.C.P. said that he [140] would not need the cornmeal, might not need the molasses, and might need the flour, though he would take nothing not absolutely necessary, because the vessel will be going toward food, while Mr. Ekblaw will be staying where the war may prevent any supplies from coming this year and he may be facing another winter in the arctic. H.C.P. said that it would be ad- viseable for Dr. Hunt and Captain Corvis to be at the vessel on or before 25 June, on account of the early season. Agreed to [illegible] by us. Everything amicably arranged, apparently. Ek and I walked out to Norman's Gulch (the "big gulch", formerly "soapstone valley") in the bay and back over the plateau. 5 mi. He showed me many of the different species of plants growing here. He has noted 42 to-day. The big white gull which has arrived is the burgomaster or glaucous gull. Saw an arctic wheatear. We climbed down some steep rock faces in descending from the plateau. Great stretches and areas of open water visible, particularly to S.W. Very enjoyable walk. Report is that two more of MacMillan's men have returned to Etah and that they say that he was going only two marches beyond where they left him. Probably, therefore, he too is now at Etah. Dog-food being lacking, Ek, Eqing- uak and Were started back to Una- nak at about 8:30 this evening. They took the victrola records with them. Ek came prepared to take me too if I insisted on going but I decided that it was wise to take the ad- vise of Ek, Hunt and Peter and stay at the ship. Conditions at Unamnak are not good and the early season makes travel good and uncertain.

This morning Et brought in the first [illegible] willows that we have seen here. They look as if they had been out for a day or two. Saw more in Norman's Valley Gulch. On the west side of this gulch, 300 yds or so from the bay Et pointed out a shelter wh. Instinct must have used in setting snickets. Circular wall of stones built up high enough to give concealment to the hunter. There are several of the old Eskimo stone fox traps on the plateau. These are spaces enclosed and roofed over with flat stones, when in use they are provided with a flat slab which slides or falls in a manner to close the entrance when the fox springs the trap. On the sides of the gulleys noted many char acteristic flows of earth, sand, gravel and stones presenting some of the features of glaciers. These are important factors in soil flourage Beans for breakfast. Canned beef for dinner with rice for dessert. Et says that the single eggs found on the plateau were cast by the foxes; we saw several today. 15 May. Monday. Clear, C 1, calm. Apparently a light N. wind outside. Temp. min. 26°; 9a.35°; 12m.34°; 9p.27° Crew finished putting coal on shore and I gave them the promised tobacco for doing it. Made letters to Ekblaw and Mac Millan giving authorizations, instructions and requests, & effective in case of my going homeward on the "Clvette" On board all day. 16 May. Tuesday. Overcast + cloudy all day. Heavy fog out on the sea and fogbanks resting on the cliff tops and mountains. Calm or very light westerly winds. Temp. min. 27°; 9a.33°; 12m.36°; 7p.36°; 10p.27° Early this morning - 1 o.cl after, there arrived from Cape York Evie, Bablina + baby, the old

Ateengana widow and her two sons, Pingasut and Ala. 142 cotiah; and from Unumarak en route to Cape Melville Ooguish and his wife and two small children. Ooguish was one of the North Pole party so that most of have seen him all. He told me, in effect, that there were "four Eskimos Innuits and two Kablunas at the Pole." He counts Matt Henson as a Kabluna or white man. I took two photos of Ooguish and his family standing beside Erik's tupik. Walked alone over to the front of the big or Clust glacier and took four Graflex photos of it. The flat ground is getting very boggy but not un- pleasant yet to walk upon. The turf feels good to Karricked feet after walking over stones. Got the old woman to sew bearskin chin + 2 wrist-pieces on my Natska. Also bought pair of white sealskin mittens from her. Gave her 14bb flgs smoking tobacco and a pack of needles. Bought from the chief for a pound of tobacco the knife that he made last winter and sent it over to EK. About 6 P.M. Pingasut and Ala-cotiah started for Unumarak taking Nate Davis with them. He is go- ing to repair Pete's motor boat for him. Crew just ashore lumber wh. H.C.P. sold to Peter. Cleaned up hold and secured old old and spare sails from nets, brought up fore, stay sails and top sails. During the night the rest of the Eskimos depart- ed, except the old widow Ateengana and her two sons who slept in the open on the beach, wrapped in their furs. Dft. curry canned beef and rice. 17 May. Wednesday. Clear, Cloudless, light air from S.W. Temp. min. 20 1/2o; 9a. 34o; 12m. 33o Shukstupa (name-ak-?) from Sapookahave 7h. 30o arrived from Unumarak about 1 o clock last night en route to Cape Melville. He is the most promi- inent of all the natives that we have seen. H.C.P. got from him a bow-drill made from a walrus(?) rib. in exchange for a spoke shave. Auiklets were on the cliffs in myriads this morning and made a great noise with their cries and the whirring of their wings. This whirring is surprisingly loud and shuddersome.

that from a passing flock sounds much [143] like the surf beating on the shore - thrown here and there by the song of the wind through pines trees. H. P. was out with some of the crew (Ben, at least) at 2 a.m. and stuck ashore on the cliff netting anklets. They got $44. Ben caught me yesterday in his hand. Crew bent on fore staysail and topsails today. Went over to beach where I found Ateng- anu seated among her sleeping furs just finishing a pair of kamites for Charley - had her sew up some rips in my kamites while I walked along the beach south - ward. I think that its stream is running through the break in the beach 50 yds. south of the coal cache because the snow bridge sounds hollow. This is the northern of the three streams emptifying into the bay and brings down the drain- age from the route to Umanak. Went on to the middle break in the beach through which the discharge from the big ("Cluett") glacier passes. The stream is now flowing through the break and forms open water for 50-75 yards beyond the beach rest. The lake behind the beach shows considerable open water, which I saw yesterday. burgwater. Several gulls were along the open water and were quite tame. Ooquial crossed the pond in his kainatic last night, but he must have gotten wet doing it. Took two photos (9x17, 11x12) of Atenganu at work. For several days we have heard distinctly the dull roar of the surf beating against the outer edge of the bay ice and crunching the cakes together. The line of black open- water stretching clear across the bay is in plain sight from the deck of the "Cluett", but three miles of five foot ice intervenes and keeps the vessel imprisoned. Ootah says that the ice will break up on the June high tides. They will come 26-28 June, and we hope that- he is a good prophet.

Alakatsiak (Alacotah) took skins away from roof of Prutlaks igloo yesterday, leaving the place open to dry out this summer. Shukashuna started for Cape York via the ice cap about 2 p.m. 18 May. Thursday. Overcast or very cloudy all day. Air rather raw and chilly. Wind W. & N.W. 2-4, puffy. Temp. min 2.2°; 9 a. 30°; 12 m. 34°; 4h. 38°; 6:30 p. 2.8°. Many auklets have remained on the cliffs all day, evidently with the purpose of nesting here, but most of the clouds of birds that arrived early this morning went on elsewhere before noon. I was ashore before breakfast and concealed myself in a nook among the large blocks at the foot of the talus slope near the big coal cache. The flight of the birds is interesting and somewhat exciting, rather scary when they fly within three feet of one's head as some of these did this morning. Their speed is very high and the birds pay little attention to a man, even when he stands in the open, but they seem able to see and dodge a net when it is raised too soon. Taylor knocked down several birds with stones today. Developed roll no. 46. Wrote letters. Out after dinner for an hours walk. Unpleasant and threatening, with snow pellets coming in squalls. Bft., fried auklets. Dinner, auklet stew. The birds are excellent, tender and not at all fishy. 19 May. Friday. Overcast and thick. Light winds from west. Began to snow about 2 p.m. and snowed thickly from 3 to 5 o'el. A wet snow melting as it fell on the vessel. Water drifted into cabin between dried deck planks. Quina shore boat. Sun broke through clouds about 6:30 p. little while.

Temp. min. 24°; 9a. 29°; 12m. 29°; 4p. 28° Sun broke through clouds about 6:30 p. Crew brought 9 bbl. kerosene on board from the old shore cache and stowed them in the forward hold. H.C.P. string line of ashes out fifty yards or more (75?) toward shore - and he and Taylor gathered up coal that fell from traps as they were piled on the ice and bagged it - 3 bags full. Put ashore with rest of Peter's stock at new cache. All the little auks disappeared from the cliffs last night and none came to-day. Charlie mopped up the cabin floor this morning. Asked him whether he did not know that this was Friday. "Oh, yes" he replied, "but there might be a [illegible] putty able to him tomorrow morning!" He showed more fore thought than I thought he possessed. On board nearly all day. Cleaned up my room, aired my sleeping bag, did some St. Vincent work. Took an hour's walk in the snow-storm in the afternoon on the hard ice along shore east and west of the vessel. was The falling snow -> soft and wet, melting as it fell on the vessel. We had quite a shower bath in the cabin from the water dripping through the cracks in the dried-up deck. Breakfast - curry of canned beef and rice. Dinner - baked auclots. Best dish that we have had in many a day. The birds were tender and delicious, reminding one of squab in size and flavor. 20 May. Saturday. Thickly overcast till late afternoon Began to clear about 5 p.m. with northeby wind. Westerly or southwesterly before it. Temp. min. 25°; 9a 30°; 12m. 29°; 4p. 30°; 8h. 29° - calm Unpleasant day but countless little auks flew and lighted along the cliffs. Ben got 65 to-day. He is by far most successful. Taylor next walked along Trail on north shore from 1:30 to 3:30 ± watching birds. Visited Puddle's igloo and collected small soapstone lamps.

Place looks desolate enough now and 146 one could hardly think that it had ever been or could be made a comfortable habitation for human beings. Much snow, ice and debris in there and seal-skin lining hangs in torn folds. Undescribable filth pollutes ground for ten yards around the igloo. Wrecked harmonium on bed platform. The welcome black zone of open water outside the bay seems to be working its way gradually inwards. Would do much execution to the bay ice, if they could only have a strong westerly gale of wind. Rft. - Curry of beef and rice. Dinner-baked oysters. After dinner the Captain and Taylor were out as far as they considered safe toward the open water. They came back reporting that (H.C.P.) the April ice all gone out and the old ice breaking up into pans and cracking for a half-mile back from the edge - they could feel the ice moving under them with the swell and could see the outer cakes grinding together under the influence of the moderate to strong northwest breeze - Prospect good for nutch-ice going out with next week's high tides. They saw a good many eider ducks and some seapigeons Taylor got one of the latter with a lucky rifle shot, decapitating it. Used last of biscuits (hard bread) for dinner in evening. 21 May. Sunday. Overcast. Westerly (N.W.?) wind 2. Temp.niin 23°; 9a.33°; 12m.31°; 4p.32°; 7:15f. 31° Little alkks absent this morning. The last fragments of biscuit (hard bread) disappeared to-day. Tarangi Clear shore again last night. Mous- tacho was altogether too white! Out for a short walk before dinner - Cleared off after dinner and nights was magnific from 6 p.m. Sun disappeared behind high cliffs at 7:10 p., mean time. Nonnan and some of the crew went out to top of the Big Bird Cliff behind The grotch. Reported open water and feet fars as far as the eye could see. Rft. Curry,

22 May - Monday. (147) Overcast. S.E. & dying down toward noon and becoming light westerly by mid afternoon. Heavy black clouds in W. Somewhat misty 4 to 5 o'clock. Temp. min 19°; 9a.30°; 12m.32°; 4p.78° Confined, few little ants on cliffs this morning and all had gone by 9 o'clock. Ben got 23, however. The birds are covered with fine gray down under their white feathers. Head, neck and wings are dark slate color, almost black. Quite a job to pluck the birds, but crew do it since H.C.P. is caring the feathers, which seem good for pillows and cushions. Charlie has the job of singeing off this down, which he does by means of a red hot poker. The other night he was talking in his sleep about the birds and caring for them. He asked the cook how they were coming on and to the cook's answer he replied

Ben and Taylor got 8 auklets (murres) 1/48 at the Bird Cliff beyond Norman, Queen after dinner. 23 May. Tuesday. Overcast and snowing. N.E. 4-6 or strong 7 Temp. min 24°; 9a. 28°; 12m. 30°; 4p. 28° Stormy, disagreeable day. Staid on board reading "Our Mutual Friend". Storm over and somewhat clear after dinner. Pft., scouse and fried auklets Dinner, baked auklets. Last of butter. During night felt vessel moving under influence of ground swell. A good feeling. 24 May. Wednesday. Clear and cloudless. S 1 & variable. N 2 fair afternoon. Temp. min 22°; 9a. 32°; 12m. 36°; 4p. 31°; 8p. 29° Tried my luck at netting little auks with the captain's new net. Stuck one fair, but knock ed it against cliff and lost it. Net was too shallow and flat. Hit the wing of another. They fly with surprising velocity. I was on face of cliff 75 feet above new coal cache - after watching the auklet for a time, I started up the cliff and went to the top of the mountain. Open water outside the bay as far as one could see, and more free from bergs at a distance than near shore. Not more than 2½ miles of ice now between the vessel and the open sea. Yesterday's storm carried away a broad belt of our imprisoning ice and the swell produced many cracks in what remains. Open sea extends far Northward. Ice around Cape Bathol and Wostenholme Island. Beautiful sight!

went eastward and circled the head of the bay in land returning across bay ice - a hard 5-6 mile walk on account of the rocks. Saw first flowers of the season - white scurvy grass and humble heather. Little water running from Cluet Glacier. None seems to have come yet from the divided glacier. Crew brought lifeboat from beach and left it on ice alongside the vessel. Murre (Albat) stew for dinner. Very good. Taste somewhat like that of duck. Rest of menu - bread, tea with molasses and milk, dried peaches. Crew got 16 auklets today, of wh. Ben netted 10 5, Charley got 5 with a club + H.C.P. 3. Ben and Taylor got 12 murres at the big cliff in the evening. The boys report many cracks in bay ice from about 1/2 miles beyond vessel outward. 25 May Thursday. Cloudless before 9 a.m. but low fog was coming in and by 10 o'clock we were covered with the cloud about 600 feet above us. Light westerly air and variable. Fog lifted considerably about mid afternoon. Temp. min. 22°; 9a.31°; 12m.32°; 4p.35°.F.27° Chief took photos of me in very furs. St. Vincent work. Crew used gasoline blow-torch for singeing their birds. Great improvement over Charley's red hot poker, doing 170, including murres, in about a half hour. After dinner H.C.P. and Charley went out ready to the edge of the ice and returned confirming report that the ice beyond the large berg 1 1/2 mi. out is cracked in every direction ready to form floes and pans. Auklets are apparently getting ready to nest for they do not fly about so much. Out for about a half-hours walk just before dinner.

26 May- Friday, 1/50 Would be cloudless, were it not for this masses of fog, hovering around and level with the tops of the cliffs and mountains. But the fog thickened much soon after noon Wind N and light, say 1 to 2. Temp. with 38° Temp. min . 25°; 9a. 30°; 12m. 35°; 4h. 35°; 8p. 26° Crew new sheets and tackles onto the big sails. Walked out to the large berg in the middle of the bay about 1½ mi. from vessel, found the exercise rather fatiguing - crossed two long cracks transverse to the bay about a mile out, but could not see the nu- mberous cracks beyond the berg reported by the captain and others. There are some trouble big bergs outside the bay which are drifting Southeastward along the coast. Charley's 15th birthday. St. Vincent work. David Copperfield Bfr: commut mush + molasses - fried anchov dinner: alcap stew, bread, frites. 27 May. Saturday. Clear and cloudless at 9a., with wind N. 1 - 2. Thin clouds and some fog around noon, but by 2p. turned clear, cloudless, calm. Heavy westerly (?) wind squall raged from about 4 to 5 this morning raising swell which affected the vessel. Temp. min . 20°; 9a. 30°; 12m. 36°; 5p. 37°; 10p. 30° Spent about four hours of this beautiful day on shore near the new cache, watching the little auks as they flew about, perched on the rocks or made love to one another. Took two reels of motion pictures with aid of the chief, who carried the camera a- shore and back again and threw stones at the birds when I wanted them started up. In company with Fiander tried my hand at netting birds and caught two thus - after dinner I caught a disabled one on the ice foot at the cache, in my hands

Captain Pickels and Taylor went out to Nor - 1/51 Manis Guleh and beyond . Lots of rumours and guills about the big Bird Cliff. Saw many cracks in the ice, which is getting into bad condition. Lead two or three feet wide comes in midday of the big bluffs and looks hopeful for speedy departure of the ice beyond it. 28 May. Sunday. New moon. Overcast, thick outside. Wind S.E.(N.E.) 6-7 Died out latter part of afternoon (H.L.P. says it was N.W.) and blew E.N.E. Temp. min. 250; 9a. 28°; 12m. 29°; 4p. 28° Day is chilly, blustering and disagreeable, but we trust that the high wind which began to blow off the ice cap early this morning will drive away some ice. Let her blow, as hard as she will, we all say. The bad. er the better for us. No auklets on cliffs to-day For Bft: Communal mush, fried bacon, baked auklets. Dinners: pea soup, baked auklets, boiled salt pork, fricatur, turnips, dried peaches. 29 May. Monday. Overcast a.m. with granular snow falling from about 10 o'clock for an hour or more Wind S.3. Cleared off soon after noon and became cloudless, except for low- lying wat'fog in distant west. Wind of 5-6 came out of the north. Keen and gusty. Temp. min. 25½°; 9a. 30°; 12m. 30°; 4p. 28°. 9:30p. 29° Clouds of auklets on cliffs today and crew netted about 150 of the birds. On board all day except for short walk just before dinner. Wind too strong and disagreeable for comfortable walking. St. Vincent work. David Copperfield. Bft: oatmeal, little apts. Dinners: macaroni soup, salt beef + pork, potatoes, turnips,

30 May. Tuesday. 1/52 Cloudless morning, though somewhat hazy. Wind S.E. 2-3. Gradually grew thicker and by 6 p.m. heavy S.E. gale (8-9) was raging and the air was full of flying fresh snow. Worst storm that we have had for some time. Temp. min. 28°; 9a. 39°; 12m. 39°; 6p. 39°; 9:30-35° Mate arrived with Mere about 3 a.m., having made the trip from Unanak in 8 hours. All well as Unanak. Plenty of seals there, & going we made the trip across a fortnight ago in 6 hours. Mate brought letters from Ekblaw and Peter which kept me busy for some hours and then the wind was so strong that I did not go out and now - 6:30 p.m.- the scene outside is so wild that we are glad enough of the shelter afforded by the ship's cabin. Mere says that Silkisuna, who was here on 17 May, returned to Unanak over the ice cap without coming down here. He brought back some effects from his old igloo east of Cape York, near Cape Melville. The Eskimo name for Cape York is Ippaqanqornni. (Nominative Iqqagarnak?) Snow ceased ca 8 o'clock, but gale continued raging Mere went out and got 40 little ants. 31 May. Wednesday. Av. Temp. {min 21.5° {room 34°1 Overcast + thick. Wind S.E. 4-5°. Latter part afternoon full gale raged at times. Rained hard last night and again from 5-7 p.m. Temp. min. 33°; 9a. 37°; 12m. 36½°; 4p. 37°; 8p. 35° Mere started for Unanak ca. 11 o'clock but came back ca 2 p.m., having found the ice cap dangerous from thick atmosphere, heavy wind and driving snow. His poor dog have had nothing to eat for three days. Went out for walk soon after 3 p.m. but snow was so wet and there was so much water in pools on the bad ice that I came back on board after 15-20 min. The house is still so dry that the cabin ceiling leaks a good bit. Mate put tin and canvas patch over the stove in planks amidships on port side.

Vessel shook and knocked against the ice considerably last night, but could only go forward about 6" , despite all its heavy wind. To-day a line was run out from her port bow and made fast to the ice and fenders were lowered on the port side. - Mene fed his dogs this evening on the little ants which he netted yesterday. 1 June. Thursday. Strong gale continued through night and was accompanied by heavy rain. Wind moderated and rain changed to snow- ca 4 a.m. At 9a. overcast and thick with wet snow falling thickly, wind S.W. 3. Storm cleared, tho not clear, by noon. Clear by 3 p.m. Temp. Min. 31°; 9a. 31°; 12m. 32°; 4p. 31½°; 8p. 27½° Temp water at 1 p.m. 34° Little ants returned to our cliffs this morning. Some St. Vincent work this afternoon, hindered by H.C.P.'s reminiscences of Bermuda +c. Out for 2 mi. walk before dinner. Not much good surface now to traverse on the bay. Slushy snow makes hard going. After dinner Norman and chief went out to the new crack about 1/4mi, from ship and meas- ured thickness of ice with a wire. "Strong 4 feet". Mene got away again for Unaruk about 6 p.m., taking my compass with him to guard against contingency of fog on the ice cap, tho' there is none there now. He got 19 ants to-day. Ralph cut Mene's hair yesterday and he looks less like an Eskimo than before - more American. The edge of the ice foot is getting honeycombed. 2 June Friday. Clear and C2 with wind S.W. 2 at 9a, later the wind was easterly and variably stronger. Temp. Min. 24½°; 9a. 30°; 12m. 27°; 4p. 31°; 8p. 27° End of melting ice to get water, for crew began filling tanks with water from the brook, digging through surface snow to get it.

Crew washed down deck this morning. Finished St. Vincent work for the 17th present and began the preparation of an account of the Arctic Voyage of the George III. Cluett"" for publication. Out for 3 1/2 hrs. on ice and shore before dinner. Walking on the bay is tedious work now, the bare ice being too smooth and slippery for easy progress in tamaris, then being comparatively little hard snow and the soft snow being slushy and disagreeable. The little auks allow one to come very close - within 5 yds or less, sometimes - before they rise in great whirling clouds which almost darken the air as they pass close to his head on their way out circling around the head of the bay. The burgomaster gulls cause great commotion among the little auks, when they come near because they feed upon the little birds. The little auks have several active enemies: the gulls; the foxes, which eat birds and young and eat their eggs, besides caching eggs for the winter; and mankind both eskimos and white, who get both birds and eggs. But there still are millions of the auks, though but one egg is laid to a clutch. The crew, two of them, kicked and Charley singled 178 little auks to-day for our mess. It takes 3 apiece to go around (56 birds) and some of us would eat more if we got them. The captain had eaten more than one. Mrake & Norman got the extra ones left by him this afternoon - Salt horse and sweet pork for dinner. 3 June. Saturday. Overcast (C 4) Wind S.W. 1-2. Temp. min. 26°; 9a. 34°; 12m. 35½°; 4h. 34°; 8h. 31°. H.E.P. took observation at noon using artificial horizon. Out for 1 1/2 hrs. before dinner on cliffs, climbing up from new coal cache and coming down through big greech east of the isloo. Edge of bay ice seems to have come in somewhat since my last ascent and now is about 1/4 mi. outside large berg, extending from point midway of mid cliff across bay to core inside of islet. Collected willow tree about four feet long to take home to Britton. auklets for offr. & auklebaw & furrines for dinner.

H.C.P. went out to Norman's Gullet and re- Turned saying that ice was more solid than it was three weeks ago, this edge is undergoing the extreme were buried. Says it a mile outside the large key. Won't go over before last of July, at this rate! But the grass shows an encouraging green over burned areas. 4 June. Sunday. Overcast and rather thick. Light fine snow falling. Wind S.W. 1-2 Temp. Min. 29°; 9a. 32½°; 12m. 30°; 4p. 32°; 8p. 29° Bft: cornmeal mush; fried bacon, acourse, bread, molasses poor coffee. Dinner: little meat. Day is chilly and uncomfortable, with the breeze from the southwest (or W.) rather raw. 5 June. Monday. Temp. Min 27½°; 9a. 36°; 12m. 37°; 4p. 36°; 8p. 34° C4. Calm and clear. Lg.W. variable wind N.N. Rolled up sleeping bag and hung it from ceiling. Have used it reasonably for five months, but is too warm now. Photod H.C.P. in his full fur costume - Kathleth (Alingwoodbobs) and bear skin pants (Pete) Worked on Cluett voyage an hour or two and then developed plates. H.C.P. agreed to put my bags of salt on shore and cover them with boards gratis. Out 6-8p. for stroll in bay and shore. Ice a- lng edge of ice foot increasing rotten. Seed came up through crack near where the crew was landing, abreast of the vessel. Ben and Taylor got 15 sea pigeons near the big bluff. 6 June. Tuesday Overcast and rather thick. Wind at 9a. S.E. 3-4, veering by 10:30 to N.W. (N?) 3-4, but light by 3 p.m. and calm after 5 o'clock. Temp. Min. 30°; 9a. 38°; 10:30 a. 33° (with change of wind); 12m. 34°; 4p. 36°; 8p. 32° Did some work on "Cluett Voyage"

Found blankets rather cold and 1/56 heavy last night, after the sleeping bag, eh. is so light with all its warmth. Out for an hour on shore east of the igloo. Inspected a tupic site well back on upper beach which had evidently been used for a whole season's residence years ago when caribou still were gotten here. Big rock fragments, which had rolled down from the cliff were taken ad- avantage of to form a wall, small stones and turf being used to stop up the openings. Perhaps the site is not so old after all, for the caribou horns used in making the food cache (?) were shed horns that we picked up and utilized on account of their convenient size and shape. Crude residences, these Estivino igloos and Tupics. Photographed (19,1-8/35) the crew hoisting a barrel of water from the brook on to the ship. Several (9) seals were seen on the ice in the southern part of the bay. After dinner Ben and Taylor went out to try to get one. They found that the seals had come up through two (or more) holes which they had been graveled (Fide H.C.P.) through the ice 7/3 of the way across from here. Captain feet in one of the holes and said it was rather thin and that the sides proved the graving. Ben shot a burgomaster gull, a handsome bird. 7 June. Wednesday. Began to snow about midnight and has snowed heavily all day. N.E. gale (8) blowing this morning, but wind lessened in strength after noon. Strong S.W. outside at 4 p.m. Temp. min. 17o; 9a.27o; 12m.32o; 4p.29o 8p.29o Wind seemed to be westerly outside, sighing from sound of surf breaking along the edge of the bay ice. A windy stormy day. Apparently the little outlets

feel the coming of the storm, for they [15] were very wild yesterday afternoon and in the morning they all deserted the cliffs and went out to sea. There is daily and several times daily, complaint on the part of the mate, Norman and the chief regarding the scanty amount of food provided. The mate is the worst kicker. Now and to-day he gave Charlie fits for eating up the birds left this morning from the number provided for us five, instead of going forward to get his own and leaving those for a snack here. Rather rough on Charlie and Norman defended him. Seven little [illegible] ants were brought aft for our breakfast and Charlie reserved two found for himself. Captain ate none, I three, mate four, chief Two (2) and Norman two, leaving three on the platter. Captain told Charlie that he might have his (H.C.P.'s) share, so the boy cleared the platter, but saved one of his birds forward for Norman. The mate had had more than his share anyhow, hence there was no kick coming from him except as to the total number of birds cooked. It seems easy to start trouble on board a ship in the arctic, but things are more pleasant now than before the sun came best. At 4 p.m. the wind at the ship was strong (6±) from the S.W. and it must be pretty heavy outside. Several (6±) inches soft wet snow now on deck & still growing hard Thursday, 8 June. Thickly overcast at 9 a.m. but snow has ceased falling. Total 10-12 inches and H.C.P. considers this the heaviest snowfall of the year. Wind S. or S.E. 2-3 or more. Strong S.E. outside & snow or spray flying. Temp. min 25°; 9a. 32°; 12m. 33°; 4p. 31°; 8p. 29° Another day on board - Tedious enough. Got in some good time on "Chett Voyage".

The little auks came back this snow. [illegible] but they returned to the open water at mid afternoon, and snow began to fall again about 4:30. They know! Had barfed sea pigeons with the little auks for dinner. Also good. One of the pigeons has on it about three times as much meat as a little auk has. Not so dark in color. Light snow again from 4:30 to about 7 p. 9 June. Friday. C 4. S.E. 3 At noonless cloudy + wind strong 4-5 Temp. min. 26½°; 9a. 32¼°; 12m. 31°; 4h. 30°; 9h. 27° On board all day. Walking on the ice was too dif- ficult and much of the time the wind was too high for comfort on the bay. Mate built bookshelves in captain's office. Bft: auakets and sea pigeons, fried. Dinner: salt horse - canned peaches for dessert. Worked on "Cluett Voyage". On board all day. 10 June. Saturday. Clear and almost cloudless, calm. C 1 later but practically no wind. Temp. min 26°; 9a. 35°; 12m. 32°; 4p. 32°; 8p. 26° On board all day, the walking continuing difficult and wet. "Cluett Voyage" Mate finished bookshelves + H.C.P. painted them. Little auks back on cliffs in greater num- bors than ever. Ben alone got 154. Fifteen were caught in one swoop of his net but six of them got away from him. Total for me 296. The captain is a tirelessly continuous talker without reference to whether one is reading or trying to work or not. Ben reports greater numbers of little auks in Norman's gulf than here, by thousands.

11 June. Sunday. Thickly overcast and calm at 9a. Dull day till late afternoon. Mist N.W. breeze began to blow about 4p. and sky cleared of clouds by 7½. Temp, min. 25°; 9a.36°; 10a.40°; 12m.34°; 4h.31°; 8h.29°. At 11 this morning the temp. had dropped back to 36° The warm wave was sudden and short-lived. Started out at noon for walk. Had a little jumping over cracks to do to get ashore at point when lumber is piled. Climbed cliff and walked a long brink to prominent point halfway to Nor-Man's Gulch. Saw some yellow poppies and a new little white flower in addition to the flowers of the scurry grass and willow which have already been noted. Edge of open water seems to be about ¼ mile outside the large bay berg, or 1¾ mi. from the vessel. The bay ice looks discouragingly solid and immovable, except for the pools of water now stretching almost continuously along the ice foot of the north shore of its bay. Outside, there is far more than ice than open water in sight. Waded through lots of soft snow to the top of the hill and observed the same or worse ice conditions extending to the Northwest. Got back to vessel at 4 o'clock after a rather fatiguing walk, but it was far better than the preceding four days confinement on board. 12 June. Monday. Clear and cloudless at 9 a.m. with wind strong (6) from N. or N.E. Clouded over this middle of day but clearer again in latter part of afternoon. Much strong wind at times and vessel rocking a little. But oh how cold it holds! Temp. min 24°; 9a.30°; 12m.31°; 4h.33°; 8h.31° Onboard all day, on account of blistered heel result-ing from yesterday's tramp in rubber moccasins with canvas inside them. Worked on Cluett article and read in "Near Expectations".

13 June. Tuesday. /60 S.W. 2-3 at 9a.+ changing soon 6 Cloudless and more or less C 4at in- tervals. Wind N.-N.E. 5-6 at 9a.becoming vari- able in direction and strength later. Temp. Min 28½o; 9a.35o; 12m.37o; 4p.35o; 8h.32o Chief connected up the toilets in any room and the bathroom this morning and the cop- tain had the latter room thoroughly cleaned. Out for short walk on bay and shore, but the walking was not good and my heel hurts me. Stepped into a hidden hole in the bay ice 2' or so deep. Water comes in over top of leannik. Cold, all night. These holes, hidden under the mantle of the recent heavy snow, are a source of dan- ger on the bay ice and the pools between bay ice and ice foot make it increasingly slip- ficient to get ashore near the ship. Chief took another series of photos of me in my fur. Copy of memo. in re. Dr. Hunt's work. Bacteriology: Investigation of infections sputum was carried on but brought out no new new facts. Infections probably those which were brought up by white men. No Tuberculosis in the tribe but other infections come in and are readily taken and severely taken by Eskimos. Felons are rather more common than among whites at home. Microscopic exam. blood white + Eskimos no. of red corpuscles high. Haemoglobin up to 100 on standard scale. Collected 3 musk ox skins and heads of Two bears for specimens + his Eskimos brought in 2 musk ox specimen- skins & heads

14 June. Wednesday. 1/61 calm Clear and almost cloudless morn- ing. Some high cirrus clouds in afternoon lovelying water fog in the distant west. Temp. min.23°; 9d. 33°; 12m. 32°; 4h.28°; 8p.26° Out on shore for 1½ hr photographing birds on cliffs and talus &c. Developed a dozen plates in the afternoon. Heavy wind from E.S.E. (fide H.C.P.) sprang up at noon. Blew fiercely till latter part of afternoon and then died down. Mate broke up our three-handed pinochle game this evening by his fault finding. He led the game all night but was sorely because I told Norman to lead his queen of hearts to me when it made not a particle of difference to the mate, since he had no hearts or trumps and I had the highest heart and because neither Nor- man nor I would outbid him at the end when he (Mate) was 990 that we threw down our hands. The mate broke up the poker games last winter in a similar babyish fashion, and once before in pinochle geth- ered up the cards and refused to let the game go on because he was getting wretched hands. Well - it is a relief to me to have the card play- ing stop. I was getting awfully tired of it any- how. He is a fine man, honest and straight- forward and I really like him better than any other member of the crew, but he has an awful temper and hates to lose games or even tricks worse than any other man I ever played with I think. Many is the time that I have lost to him just to keep him good natured. Captain says - "No more cards in the cabin" 15 June. Thursday. Clear and almost cloudless till 9 o'clock, but soon clouded over and

several snow squalls came during/62 rest of day. Wind S.E. or E.S.E. and heavy (5 to 7 or 8) all day. Temp. min. 24°; 9a. 32°; 12m. 32°; 4p. 32°; 8p. 31°. Extremely disagreeable, with lots of driving snow in the air at times. We hope that the gale, combined with the spring tides to- day, may have done some damage to our bay ice. But we want warmer weather! On board all day. Got in some work on the "Clivett" article. Captain Pickels raffled off his watch (Waltham, 17 jewel, gold-filled case) a- among the crew on 64 tickets ranging from 1¢ to 64¢ total $20.80. H.C.P. himself drew out the numbers and Taylor won the ticker. There was some grumbling of course among the unsuccessful ones, because the captain took so long to find the last number in the can, but I could not see anything crooked in the case. Every number was drawn. I went down to the forepeak to see the drawing, although I had no interest whatever in the result. Little ants for bth and dinner. Dried peaches for dessert at dinner. Wind less violent at 8 o'cl. than before. 16 June. Friday. Clear & cloudless all day, but overcast in evening (8p.) Heavy easterly wind 3-4 a., dying down by 6a. Calm at 9a and that or nearly so all day. Temp. min. 28°; 9a. 35°; 12m. 40°; 4p. 38°; 8p. 35° Had chief take photos of me in furs again, The preceding set being somewhat out of focus. Noon to 3p. on cliffs, going up by queer east of igloo. Lovely day and beautiful outlook from top of cliff. Blue sea and lots of open water, but does it get any nearer? mate got 133 little ants, and Norman 40 with his new net + total for crew is more than $00 Raw 196 Sawer 140

17 June. Saturday. Clear, cloudless, calm. A perfect day. Temp.: min 27°; 9a.37°; 12m.,38°; 2p.42°; 3p.430°; 4 p. 39°; 8p.39½°. On board reading, writing and copying for negatives except for an hour or more in mid-afternoon spent in going to the gulch east of Pudlett's igloo to photograph little arks. Not well satisfied with the flight that I saw, but exposed 6 plates. Sky was partly cloudy and wind was moderately strong from the S. & S. in the evening. Cow flecked, sipped and cleaned 333 little arks today. Mate made some iron-shod poles for use in pushing ice. 18 June. Sunday. Overcast and almost raining. Wind S.S.E.7-8. A real good gale that ought to do some damage to the ice, for the tide last night and to day is extra high. Norman reported this morning that it flowed over the top of the low part of the beach last night. Temp.: 4 a. 43° Temp., min. 36°; 9a.39°; 12m.38°; 4p.36°; 8p.36° Norman and the chief went ashore at the lumber point with some difficulty. Chief brought back several blossoms of the yellow arctic poppy. Last year the Crocker Land letters reached the Museum on 19 June, hence I am hoping that my letters reached you yesterday. But I do not know that they have even left Greenland. The uncertainties of this life here are trying! Charlie got into water about his boat top, broke itlo into a crack. 19 June. Monday. C1. Wind S1, veering to W1-2 at 10a. Calm at 12m. Light variable W., in p.m.

Temp. min .30°; 9a.40°; 11.36°; 8h.39° (1/64) Yesterday wind removed snow from ice where the cover was thin and made the walking good there. Elsewhere on bay the snow is thick and soft and footing very bad. Some more pans of ice seem to have gone from the edge of the ice, but the process is slow. Encouraging melting going on along line of water coming up through cracks along ice foot of northern shore, where melting is helped by brooks from the gletches. Was out for an hour along shore and on shoulder cliff above lumber point. Potash already getting abundant. Norman and Taylor went seal hunting along the south shore, but the animals were too quick for them though each ventured a shot. They went out to the edge of the ice and then along the dangerous ice foot to where the "Cruise Tidikssua" is cached. They report new cracks and encouraging looks of the ice. Abundance of birds on the water. Ben went out to Norman's quick and big bluff and got several sea pigeons but could not go to where the murres are. Put in four hours on "Cluett Voyage" 20 June. Tuesday. Overcast and foggy. Calm in morning but strong easterly wind sprang up in late afternoon. Looked bad on ice cap. Snow. Temp. min .31°; 9a.35°; 12 m.34°; 1h.34°; 8h.34° Mere, Egingual, Alriguodoblelo and Inuse's son Elingwa (?) came in about 10 a.m. from Umanak, Egingual bringing letters from Elk and Peter and from Rasmussen, who arrived at North Star Bay on the 17th, bringing mail from New York which he sent down to me. Most welcome - but the news that my be- loved mother passed away on 16 December daddens me. 35 letters + one telegram!

21 June. Wednesday. 1/65 Drano. Overcast + foggy at 9a., with wind S.W. 3-4. Very soon cleared and wind shifted to N.W. and lessened in force. A beautiful day. Strong No. 2:15 on- Temp. min. 31 1/2; 9a. 32 o; 12m. 40 o; 4p. 41 o; 8h. 37 1/2 Too windy and snowy for Eskimos to leave last night, as they intended to do, but Ahirquodlako and the boy got away for Cape York about 11 a.m., and Egingwah and Mere left about noon, Mere walking on ahead for a while. I rode out with Egingwah until we overtook Mere about a mile from the schooner, when I left them and walked over to the high hills bordering the Chet- tt Glacier on the north along its lower course. Found a ledge of quartzite there dipping 15-70 o N. and overlying the gneisses. Returned through the meval and along the edge of the glacier, late in the morning. Went out in my Iceland sweat- er without Netoka or mittens, since I did not expect to make the excursion. Was per- fectly comfortable until after 2 o'clock, when the wind, which had been light from S.W + N.W., suddenly shifted to N.E. and was very keen. Walking and sledging on the trail up to the ice cap was difficult and fatiguing on account of the softness of the snow. Wanted to go to North Star Bay but decided not to on account of the laborious walk- ing and Dr. Hunts positive advice, sent down again by EK, not to undertake the trip as it was too strenuous on account of my physical condition. Sent my camera outfit to EK by Egingwah as follows: Graflex complete with my Zeiss lens, graphic box, telephoto attachment, wide angle lens (1/2m), tripod, changing bag, 20 dozen plates, some developing material. The wind which began to blow about 2 p.m. from N.E. soon became strong and by 4 o'clock was high and gusty. Had I did not under- take the ice cap, though it may not be blowing so hard up there. Read my letters all through again and enjoyed them; all the news being good except that about mother and Elizabeth. The latter died in Norway of consumption about the middle of February.

22 June. Thursday, 1/66 Clear and cloudless with light air (51) at 9a the heavy northeaster died out about 7a but came back again with force about 10a and blew with great force at intervals till mid afternoon. Then died out again. Clear and cloudless all day. Temp min 30°; 9a 41½°; 12m 40°; 4p 40° Crew slushed down the roots. Made line from port quarter fast to the ice. I repacked my trunks to get into one every- things that I might wish to take with me if I were to leave the "Cluett" and into the other only what might be left on board without inconvenience. Also packed up box for Ekloww with spare underwear, tobacco, etc, ready to go to Unalak by Peter or whoever comes over with Captain Comer. Have been wishing all week to climb the plateau and see the midnight sun, but Sunday Monday & Tuesday nights were cloudy or stormy and last night the gale was too strong for me to attempt it. May go up tonight. Sun at max decl now. (23 June) Did go up and had a fine little ex- cursion. Left vessel at 10:30p. I went ashore near the igloo and ascended the big gullch ¼mi or more east of Fuddla's. Easy route over grass, moss and mostly small stones and earth with not many large areas of big angular blocks to high scuttle. Rather cold in the shadow of the cliffs and mountains. 32° on board when I left and cooler on shore because snow was frozen and ice was forming on the little pools. When I got up to the edge of the plateau I saw the men building the cairn on the brow of the cliff overlooking the vessel but I did not go toward them then. HCP, Ralph, Ben, Taylor and Charlie had left the vessel before 8 o'clock to go up and build the cairn and be there at midnight on this, one of the two "longest days" of the year. I kept on toward my knoll till 11:35 when I was at elevation 1050ft a- bout 300yards from top. The view was beautiful,

with lots of open blue water in sight (1/67 Toward the W. and S. Oh, to think of that 13 3/4 miles of firm bay ice that keeps us from util- izing it! The cairn was finished and I could hear the men shouting to me, though they were fully a mile away. I gave an answering shout, which they did not hear, and perceiving by my watch that the proposed photo. had probably not been taken I started toward them. Reached the cairn at 11:58 and the captain took one picture with me in the group. Then I took one with him in it. The cairn is conical in shape and 7 or 8 ft. high. I could not take any pictures for myself, because I have no more films and I sent my grafex camera to EIC on Tuesday. The shadow of the cliffs lies 1/3 way across the bay and the sun's rays do not strike even the trucks of the vessel's masts. Could see some decks and gulls on the surface of the fresh water pond behind the beach on the south side of the fleet. Picked some poppies near the cairn under the light of the mid-night sun. Very little wind (N.E.) on the plateau and the whole scene was beautiful. Sun is about 10° above the northern horizon and is well above the mountains between us and North Star Bay, but its rays come at too low an angle to have much heating effects. We all came down a gully in the face of the cliff, I being the last to leave at about 12:10 a.m. Reached the "Chrett" at 12:30 (12:30 23 June. Friday. Clear, cloudless; calm or light variable winds from S.E. or S. in a.m. and moderate from N. in afternoon. Calm evening. Temp. min. 28°; 9a. 34°; 12m. 37°; 4p. 33°; 8p. 35° On board writing letters etc. Went out for an hour on bay ice along northern shore before dinner. Lots of concealed holes in the ice. Stepped into three, going down 1 1/2 ft. into one. Precarious footing along the open cracks where water has under-cut for 2 - 3 ft. leaving weak shelf of 4" porous ice.

Chief brought in some purple leather (1/68) from the bear this noon. Taylor found the first eggs (2) of the season. May be we shall have some for breakfast Sunday morning. 24 June. Saturday. Clear & cloudless. Light S. or S.E. wind at 9a but calm later and light to moderate N.E. dur- ing part of afternoon. Temp. min. 28°; 9a. 37°; 12m. 36°; 4p. 34°; 8p. 35° Charlie & Norman washed cabin walls and ceiling to great improvement of the rooms. Chief washed my bearskin pants for me--quite a job. Gave him 10 cigars, since he has still to dry and rub them. From 12 to 4 was out geologizing on cliffs and in gulch next last of Pufflats igloo. Temp. on shore--shade near igloo 43°; sun 47°; shade in gulch 42°; on top 750-800'A.T. 34°. Found Huronian quartzite in gulch and on Plateau, see notebk. Greenland 2, pp.16+17. Two or three days ago H.C.P. told me that he came up the Greenland coast when he was a very young man as navigator on a Hali- burt fisherman, as far as off Upernivik but did not make the coast anywhere except at a small bight close to Egedesminde. This afternoon at 3:30 I took the altitude of the base of the cairn as 760' A.T. Measured the cairn as being 7'3" high on eastern side. The crew are having lots of fun hunting for little-antk eggs, but they do not find many yet and they have to move tons of rocks to get those. Had sea pigeon each in addition to little ants for dinner. The meat is coarser and not so good in flavor as that of the little antk. Liver- brown in color. Flowers of several kinds are becoming more abundant. Mosses not ready for collecting.

To-day H.C.P. asked me to sell him some of my [illegible] 109 tobacco. Quite a change of front since 4 May, when he declared with an oath that he would not take any of it under any circumstances either by gift or sale! And it is too late now, having disposed of what I had left over from the coal transaction, except 11 little fleaps, which, as I told the captain, I am reserving for emergencies. Hence there is none for him now. 25 June. Sunday. Scattered cirrus clouds at 9 a., but sky became overcast by 10 o'clock. Light E or S.E. air at 9 a., increasing to moderate breeze by noon. Strongly N.S. Temp. min. 28°; 9 a. 37°; 10:30 a. 44°; 12 m. 39½°; 4p. 36° 8 p. 35° Some sensible swell affected vessel last evening. Strong Easterly (S.S.? ) wind in afternoon with heavy snow squall from 4 to 5 o'clock, and occasional spits of snow later. On board all day, writing letters or reading in "Last of the Mohicans" Had some little auk eggs at breakfast. They are very palatable. Yolk is rather red in color, and the white is rather translucent when boiled hard. The egg is about half as heavy as an ordinary hen egg, and is pale green-ish blue in color. It is very large in comparison with the size of the bird. The eggs are laid on the ground in the crevices of the cliffs and between the rocks of the talus slope. Normal number of eggs in a clutch is just one, and the mother bird fights to protect it or seeks to draw it away into a place of greater security from pursuit. Ben and Taylor each caught a bird yesterday just as she was about to lay and each squeezed the egg out of his bird. Forceful parturition! Little auk hot-pie, with underdone dumplings, bread, prunes, molasses and tea for dinner. Stormy evening.

26 June. Monday. 170 Partly cloudy (C4), with light S.E. wind and occasional snow squalls in the mom. ing. Clear afternoon and strong gusty wind. Temp. min. 30°; 9a.37°; 12m.36°; 4p.35°; 8p.32° Worked on "Cluett Voyage". Read in "Last of the Mohicans". Took a half-hours walk on bay ice before dinner, but did not go far in either direction on account of bad walking, those being many concealed as well as open holes, much slush and many pools of water on the ice. Increase since Saturday. There seems to be much or at any rate some discontent among the crew, over the bird-catching and egg-collecting business. H.C.P. has praised Ben and Taylor so much that they have gotten the big head. This morning they had lots of eggs for bft., but would not give Mac Dougal any because he had not been out getting away though he had been flickering birds for the general use. He has not eaten any meat or birds for months, but Ben ate 18 egg, and Taylor a dozen, while Mac Dougal had nothing but bread and molasses, mush and coffee, sitting beside them. Norman gave the forecastle fits about their hoggishness. Where and when will all this acrimonious debate end? I don't want to hear any- things about "grub" or "tobacco" for ten years after I get home. We had quite a laugh on Norman a day or two because he spoke in all seriousness about the "faws" of the little ants. To-day the laugh was on the chief for talking about a "litter" of chickens. An awful lot of stones have to be moved in hunting for the eggs. A good many last years eggs have been found.

To-day the mate brought in 38, Norman, 14, Ben 89, Hiander 46; Taylor [illegible], Ralph 30, H.C. P. 4 Chief's Charlie 10 - 291 in all. Ben found two eggs under one bird. Mate found two last year's eggs together in several instances. 27 June. Tuesday. Overcast and thick. Sun tried to shine a little while this morning but very success- fully. Strong easterly (S.E.) wind most of day, at times rising to force of a gale - Rain mingled with snow several hours. Temp. min 30°; 9a. 36½°; 12m. 38°; 4h. 34°; 8h. 32°. On board all day writing letters mostly, finished "Lost of the Mohicans" last night. Crew took life boats on board today. Ice and snow have melted a good deal in past 24 hrs., rain helping the process. Many pools of water to be seen on bay ice in every direction. Jolly boat is floating in such a pool - Baked murres in addition to little auks for dinner. Flavor is like that of duck. 28 June. Wednesday. Clear and cloudless, but yesterday's easterly gale continued all night and until latter part of afternoon. Temp. min. 31°; 9a. 36°; 12m. 37½°; 4h. 35°; 8½ 32° Sorted correspondence and made out list of C.L.E., Muss. & personal property on board the "Chett". After dinner went up on cliffs last of igloo hunting birds' eggs but found none. Went on up to Plateau and around to second eastern glued geologizing, then crossed flat at head of bay and went along beach to outlet of southern pond. All three the outlets of all three ponds now cut open by across the ice foot. Ice foot is much chan

neled and honeycombed along the (172) Cracks which developed during the winter. The middle outflowing stream has done much the most cutting this far. Saw two seals in the pool outside the beach, one of wh. came into the inner basin. Saw 50 or 60 eider ducks and a dozen or 15 grells at the southern basin. Chief told me yesterday that H.C.P. made some ill natured sneering remarks the other day about my packing up the C.R.E. boxes to send to Ekblaw. What a surely disposition the captain has! He always has something nasty to say about everyone, except Dr. Grenfell and Dr. Little and he has ventured some criticisms regarding Dr. Grenfell. This has been another good egg day, but the lowest time is almost over. The mate himself got 106 today and the total of all hauls to date is 85 dozen. Seal beside vessel. 29 June. Thursday. Overcast, thick, stormy. Wind E. or S.E. 1-2 at 9a., but soon afterward heavy easterly gale began to rage. Latter part of afternoon wind shifted to S.W. and was moderately strong. E. again in evening. Heavy rain 7-8 a.m., Rain and snow at intervals afterward. Temp. min 30°; 9a. 40°; 12m. 36°; 4p. 36°; 8p. 35° Disagreeable day but we hope and think that damage is being done to the ice. Went up onto Knoll after dinner to look out over bay. Water line seems nearer to the big central berg than it was two or three wks. ago; but clearance by her means looks hopeless. Cook was moved up into the deck galley after dinner. (He went down 21 October) He complained bitterly about coming wh, just as he did last October about going down - Auroid makes Knoll 200 ft above bay.

Gale from South struck us about 9 h.m. 1/73 and raged furiously outside the bay. H.E.P. calls it a "teaser, all night!" 30 June Friday. Cloudy (C4) up to 10 a.m. then scat- tering cirrus clouds till late afternoon when cirro-stratus became thick. Fine day. S.E.3 at 9a., but N.W.3-4 from 10a.on changing back to E.or S.E.late in afternoon. Some heavy westerly wind last night all night. This drove pack this way and ice is jammed outside the bay as far as one can see. Temp. min.32 1/2°; 9a.41°; 12m.35 1/2°; 4p.40°; 8p.36° Wrote letters to Ekblaw, Densell, Reeds. Walked on bay ice and shore last gigloo for more than an hour before dinner. Some of the holes in the ice seem to be getting larger and deeper though I have none over 4 feet in depth (3'9" water) except one a month ago which penetrated the ice. Usual depths now are 2', 2'6", 3' water. Several varieties of sea weed rooted in the holes. Seal came up in pool alongside vessel - [illegible] Corned beef for dinner. We're out of lit- ttle auces and they are becoming hard to catch with the nets. Egg season is over. About 10:30 p.m. Capt. Corner and Egingsak arrived from Unnakak. Evidently rather hard walking, but Captain Corner made light of it and said that I ought to have gone over this for a time anyhow. Ekblaw's letter informs me that Moore has apparently made an arrangement with Captain Pickels for going to the States on the "Clevert". I had a hint of this plan this morning from Norman.

1 July. Saturday. 174 Overcast and thick. A strong gale began to rage about 10 o'clock this morning and has continued all day. E or S.E. 8 to 9 & fell 10. Temp. min 33; 9a. 37o; 12m. 40; 4h. 38o; 8h. 37o The storm has been too severe to permit Eginguash to start back to Umanak today. Wrote letters to Ekblaw, Rasmussen, Peter & Hunt. The wind has had great effect in softening and melting the surface of the ice and making pools. The report is that some ice has been driven off from the edge of the bay. Usual report! Captain Corner advises me to have nothing to say to Captain Peters against Mone's going south on its "Clemt". I have not been consulted in the matter and my silence will not compromise the Museum in any way, since I can not prevent H.C.P.'s doing as he pleases, whereas I might easily commit the Museum with reference to the charter party by making any effort to control the use of the vessel in any way. Inclosed letters for Pres. Osborn and Mr Sher-wood in packet going to Ek at Umanak 2 July. Sunday. Another severely stormy day. Wind E or S.E. 8-9. Considerable rain. Dusty. Temp. min 361/2; 9a. 41/2; 12m. 40o; 4h. 36o 8h. 341/2o Are glad that the heavy storm continues. Mate came in after making new mooring for the bowlines, which had been torn loose from the ice, and remarked "Gee! It's only just begun to blow" much more water in pools on the ice than appeared yesterday. Some men said to be gone outside, but the "bugbear berg" holds its place in the middle of the bay 1 1/2 mi. from the ship. Eginguash still here. For offr.

we had the usual cornmeal, molasses, beef (1/5 coffee and curry of mutton or beef with pickles. Dinner: stew of combined little ducks and mutton. Late in evening asked H.C.P. regarding truth of report that Mere was going out on the 'Clemt'.

4 July. Tuesday. (176) Cloudy. Wind S.E. 3 and variable. Some calm hours. Flurry of snow about 11a.m. Temp. min. 33°; 9a. 38°; 12m. 36°; 4p. 37°; 8p. 34° Not a wholly pleasant day, but a great re- lief from the last three days of storm. Egingwah got another seal for us. It takes an Eskimo to be successful in hunting seals. Fourth was celebrated by the addition of plum duff and raisins to the dinner menu. Had little cakes for breakfast. Out for 3/4 hr on bay ice w. Capt. Cover before dinner. Captain Cover this morning, after reading Dr. Hunt's written opinions regarding my phys- icical condition and ability to make journey to Unalakleet, agreed with me in thinking that it was not best for me to go over to North Star Bay now and that I was doing right in staying here and going out on the "Cinet" if she broke out before the arrival of the relief steamer; or transferring both of us and all Museum and expedition property from the schooner to the steamer, if the latter showed come before we are re- leased from Parker Snow Bay. G.C. reports that Peter says that a tidal wave visited this region in the spring or early summer of 1912, moving heavy stones and big pieces of turf up the beach at Sann- ders Island and flooded some tupics. 5 July. Wednesday. Beautiful day, clear, but C.f in earlier part of day, almost cloudless though afternoon. Calm or nearly so. N.W. 2-3 outside. Temp. min. 31°; 9a 39°; 12m. 38°; 12:30 a. 4½°; 4p 37½°; 8p. 42° Egingwah started for Unalakleet at about 10:30 this morning.

Ventasthore with Captain Corner (177) to old Eupic site on shore and then mutual to Ahnqudobalho's old igloo taking their photos with his camera. Then I left him, went on along the shore to about a half mile west of vessel, where I ascended a big gully to the plateau and then along brink of cliffs to western border of Norman's Gulch, where I stayed on the rocks in the sun for half hour looking over sea and ice and writing. Then back across plateau and down cliff above the lumber, getting back to the ship at 4:20. After dinner had a long private talk with Captain Corner in the course of which I became satisfied and I think that leded that Ekblew had been straightforward in his dealings with me, regarding my going over to North Star Bay. I was particular about this because G.C. had said this morning, as I said before, that "they" had been "pulling the wool" over my eyes, and he meant and thought that Ek had intentionally managed things so that I should not go over to Unnakak. I showed him that Ek had arranged matters twice so that I could go, if I thought best, but that Dr. Hernts positive advice was against my going, at first on account of bad conditions over there and later on ac- count of the [illegible] difficult or severe na- ture of the journey and the uncertainty of getting back to the "Chrett" if she were to break out of the ice before the arrival of the steamer. 6 July. Thursday. Clear and cloudless at 9a, but clouded over by noon. N.E.4 inclt to 5+6 - gusty- Temp. min.28°; 9a.37°; /2m.33½°; 4h.35°; 8h.35° + wind moderate. Onboard all day on account of heavy

Cold wind. Captain Comer was ashore (178) Digging at the old igloos for a time, but without Finding anything of value to-day. Sent word to Ralph that I would accept his offer of $5 for my rubber boots, but when he came aft to look at them, I stayed out of the cabin purposely and H.C.P. sold him for $5.25 a pr. of expedition boots wh. he had bought from me for $4. According to Norman H.C.P. said that he would not give 30 cents for mine. Not good for ship use, I presume. But H.C.P. tried a few minutes later, after Norman and Ralph had gone out, to buy mine for $4 for himself. I would not sell them for less than $5, the price made to Ralph, and the captain will not take that, As I told him, the boots cost me $6.75 and I can turn them back to A. & F. and get full price. H.C.P. is on the make all right. He charged me full price of 75¢ for a slop chest sou'wester which Norman says ought not to cost but 50¢ A very disagreeable afternoon on ac- count of the cold wind off the ice cap - 7 July. Friday. Cloudless till after noon but increasing cloudy from 3 o'clock on. Wind S2 at 9 a. but soon veered to W. or S.W. and became strong and gusty. H.C.P. spoke of the wind as the bear- test that he had had from that quarter. Variable in direction + force - Temp. Min. 30°; 9a. 47°; 12m. 45°; 3p. 50°; 4p. 47°; 8p. This has been the warmest day that we have had since coming in here. The warmth and the westerly wind must have done some dam- age to the ice! Worked a good bit on "Chett Voyage" Told Captain Pickels that I should wish to be transferred to steamer with all expedition and museum property in case the steamer shd. arrive before we break out. He thought that it might be hard work to get things out across the ice. I said that I knew

thus and that I was willing to pay (179) the crew for the work. He admitted that the ice-kamik might be re-shod for the job. Between 3 & 4 p. I went on shore and collect- ed a small box of mosses from the gentle slope 200 yds ± east of the igloo. Brook running down the gully east of the igloo is very strong today. It has cut its channel through the snow to within 20-25yds. of the cliff. Little oaks + mussels stew for dinner. I raised a great laugh to-day by saying that the hairs which I saw scurrying up the face of the bluff at Startstein Bay on 15 Sept., last look- ed like a flurry of snow. 8 July. Saturday. Thinly overcast at 9a. and wind from NW scarcely perceptible, at 2 a.m. the wind was blowing a "regular twister" from the E and temperature 41° according to the mate. At 4 a.m. the thermometer stood at 43° according to the chief. Temp. min. 36½°; 9a.38°; 12m.38½°; 4p.38°; 8p.36° Chief went ashore directly after breakfast to continue his search for the nest and eggs of the kestr (Turinga carcutus) which he un- derstands to be worth $500, but he is look- ing for them on the flats at the head of the bay. South wind blowing strongly in gusts from 10:30 on, beginning to rain at noon. - Taylor brought in a seal at noon, which he shot from the beach midway between the middle and southern groups. Not much rain. Three hours or more on "Clive Voyage" After dinner Captain Corner and I walk- ed over to the tongue glacier beside the New- atata glacier, going across the bay ice to

the middle of the beach and return (180) ing across the flat to near the igloo before striking the bay again. Walking on bay ice is excellent, winding about between the pools. Noted the granular stephane of the glacier ice. Very little water flowing from the southern arm of the Nunatak Glacier, but rather more from the northern arm. Strong stream six to ten feet wide and four to six inches deep coming from the Cluest (1) glacier and another perhaps equally strong stream flowing from the ice cap through the valley up which the route to Unmanak lies. Many flowers - purple heather (?), purple saxifrage (peppine), yellow poppy, yellow buttercup (?), light violet honeysuckle (?), white hare bell like flower on stiff resinous plant which is used by Eskimos for fuel when oil is absent, etc. A good walk of four or five miles, but easterly wind off the glaciers was strong and piercing and we passed through a light flurry of snow. 9 July. Sunday. C 4. Clear. Almost cloudless from mid- afternoon on. Light southerly breeze (52) at 9a and lights variable or calm all day. Beautiful day. Temp. min 3 1/2°; 9a. 43°; 12m. 45°; 4p. 42°; 6p. 48°; 8p. Chief flared up this morning over my asking Norman (who appeared with clean shaven face, except upper lip) if he was trying to rival the chief. Now the chief shaved off his beard a few days ago, leaving the mustache, and he has gotten a great deal of chaffing from the cabin regarding his appearance, in which how ever I have joined but little. This morning he cursed us all for joining him and said he'd eat at a separate table etc. He was so ugly and swore so much that H.C.P. went for him hard and made him stop talking.

the gate of the cabin stove has (1/81) lost a piece, and the hole has to be stopped with loose pieces of iron. The old thing is getting feebler day by day. Went out with Captain Corner col- lecting mosses in the two queeches east of Puth- lats igloo. I have my series now for Mr. Streeter 10 July. Monday. C2 This morning clearing to cloudless in afternoon. wind S3 in morning but light and variable in afternoon, calm evening. Temp. min. 33°; 9a.42°; 12m.43°; 4p.42°; 8p. 44° Knud Rasmussen, Peter Freuchen and Laarge Koch, with Harrigan, Boseman & a South Greenland Estimo, arrived about midnight last night from Umanak. I was already asleep but Captain Pickels called me and I got up dressed and talked with the men till 2a.m., then went to bed again and did not go to sleep till about 6 and was awake once more at 8 for all day. Mr. Rasmussen offered to take me and what baggage I needed with me to N.S.P. so that I might await the steamer there. During the watches of the night I thought the whole matter over and decided to accept the offer and to take Captain Corner with me, it being now so late and the Christ being so unmanageable under sail in the ice that it seemed cer- tain that the schooner wld not reach America much if at all in ad- vance of the steamer. Conversa- tion with Captain Corner and Mr. Rasmussen to-day has con-

firmed me in this decision, 1/82 I find K.R. a delightful man to meet. 11 July. Tuesday. Clear + cloudless. Wind S l at ship, but N.W. on floe. Temp. min 31½°; 9a. 46°; 12m 41°; 4h. 43°. Finished packing and completed business with Captain Pickels leaving letters for him to forward her paid and list of all Exfd. + Mus.+ pers. property remaining on board Cluett. Amount of baggage rather staggered Peter but Rasmussen was game for it and at about 1 p.m. Two kametites took it all to the beach without accident, though the sledge load- ed with the Etha boxes started to slide back down the ice foot. I was standing alone by it and grabbed the points of one runner, lifting it a little and an instant later the rear corners of the runners coughed in the snow and stopped the descent of the sledge. I left the ship a minute in advance of Peters and Captain Corner (?) after a very cordial farewell from all the crew and a sufficiently hearty parting with Captain Pickels (in the cabin). As we three were walscing across the ice, the crew gave us a crousing cheer and Mene (?) fired a salute from his rifle. The packages were rearranged and loaded onto the six sledges - Rasmussen using my sleeping bag to help make his sledge a very comfortable place for me to ride. Peter took Captain Corner on his sledge and was the first one to start from in front of the igloo at 12 July, Wednesday 12:20 a.m. followed with in ten minutes by all the others. I walked across the high beach and the first brook (coming from the first gulf east of the igloo) and along the snow beside the large brook until Rasmussen. I jumped on and rode the whole distance to the ice of North Star Bay, just as Rasmussen had said that I should, though the snow was soft on

the upgrade to the highest ridge of the [1/83] Ice cap (along the trail i.e.) we reached the summit at 2:30 a.m. and my anoid gave the elevation as being 2050 feet above the sea. The sky was overcast so thickly that we could not even determine the po- sition of the sun, but the atmosphere was not thick and the cloudiness was advantageous for our eyes. View from summit is very ex- tensive and I was sorry not to be able to stop longer for its enjoyment. Much open water along the shore and for 30-35 miles, but beyond that was a solid field of ice as far as the eye could see, from the Cape York region northward. The neve field of the Peterik glacier is several miles across and it took us nearly two hours to traverse it. Nunnats project through the ice cap some miles to the east of the trail & indicate that we are not on the main con- tinental cap. From the northern portion of the Peterik neve' and beyond, I got a good look at the maze of summits and gorges in the Cape Athol district. More strongly than before did I realize the foolishness of the undertaking of Norman & Taylor to walk to Umanak on 2 & February. After we reached the summit we encountered a moderate north-northeastly or northeasterly breeze which was so keen that I soon asked Rasmussen to stop and let me put on my sweater under my netska. Then I was all right- and comfortable again. The cloudy sky made the surface of the ice cap much softer and more diffident for the dogs than it was under the clear sky which favored Ras. Nunnsen's downward trip. The level of the Peterik neve' was about 1700' A.T. where we crossed it. Then we ascended 100'+ and began the long descent of the glacier, parallel with the lateral moraine - unless the moraine is to be regarded as the terminal moraine of the border of the ice cap. Moraine is very hum -

rocky and is not derived from /184 any bordering high land, for no such shows along the whole stretch to the river discharging into North Star Bay. Composed of earth, sand, gravel and small boulders with an occasional large erratic. Some- times the dogs were driven at utmost speed to keep out of the way of the sliding kamaratik. Great fun! Crossed some streams flowing in the surface of the glacier. These must have considerable effect in reduc- ing the swiftness of the glacial river, for this does not seem to be much water coming from underneath the ice. Reach- ed the place for descent from the ice about 6:15 and slid down without accident, the surface being soft. 80-100 feet. Exciting moments, with dogs on full jump! Sledge on the rear cor- ners of the runners, being held there by Rasmussen who, with firm grasp on the upstanderbar, dug his heels into the snow-ice to check the rapidity of descent. Bottom of glacier stream (ice) 800 feet A.T. We stopped beside an erratic section of a large basaltic column, made coffee, had some- things to eat and rested for about two hours. Then began the 10-mile stretch over stones, moss, grass and earth with an occasional en- couraging ribbon of snow. Even going over this stuff, the dogs pulled the sledge with me on it at a rate that usually made Rasmus- sen try to keep up. We reached the ice foot of North Star Bay about 10:25 and after a little maneuvering to cross out to the solid ice we drove to the house, where Esk & Dr. are living. Except for 100 yds+ crossing the ice foot I stuck to the kamaratik. Esk greeted me cordially, and Dr. evidently meant it when he said that he was glad to see me. I feel like a boy on a vacation from school, or possibly a man released from prison, to be free from the clutch of- living on her a year lasting one week, during wh- the 7 nights spent at Cape York were my only absence. + Slept 5 hours in the afternoon and then after a pleasant evening with the boys turned in again at 10:30

E.D. Corey, American Museum of Natural History, New York City. Letter to Mr. Mrs. L.N. Babbitt, Dobbs Ferry, N.Y. Clouds Taken out at Utah + sent from Nov. 1916 1. Cirrus 2. High cirro-stratus 3. Low " " 4. Cirro-cumulus 5. High cumulus 6. Low " 7. Strato-cumulus 8. False cirrus 9. Cumulo nimbus 10. Cumulus "top" 11. Nimbus 12. Stratus

(Babbitt Letter (Greenland III)