Field Notebook: New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Ontario 1913

Schuchert, Charles

1913

Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History

Original Source

Source Material:
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paleontology stratigraphy fossils Silurian Devonian

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146 Pages

doc.0105 1913 Ontario - New York Ohio Pennsylvania

3274 OHIO CAN, NY, ONT. see doc. 106

doc. 0105 Charles Schuchert Yale University New Haven Conn. August 1913

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Toronto August 15-1913 Left Beller House for George- town on the 8.40 A.M. train. Was to meet Williams at the train but he failed to show up. Very likely he left a letter for me at the Hotel and they failed to give it to me. At Georgetown stopping at the Bennet Hotel a small country farm. Williams appears to have stopped at the one opposite. Later on in the afternoon he turned up having missed the morning train.

Limehouse August 15-1913 About the afternoon collecting here and restudying the section. The section is as follows: Lockport limestone. A clear bedded grey caronous limestone with much fragmental fossil material. Did not make out thickness. Conformable contact but section broken. Basal 2 to 4 inches a basal conglomerate, the pebbles of [illegible] (shelly?) the Clinton below, and one or less mud in the dolomite. The regular Lockport character appears about 6 inches above base. Clinton then bedded grey to light blue and one or less indurine (shale) limestone. Thickness 6 1/2 feet. Williams and I spent each about 1 1/2 hours looking for fossils. He got almost nothing. I saw a cast about four inches in diameter of

But many of these lyrics.

the annulated lamellae Orthroceres socommm in the Pohestu, Otherwise collected some small cup corals, a few hygro and among them Fenestella. I would have made the Lasiym Pohestum what Kelsor other there is also 6 futy of Clithm drillians gr at the base Pericamerus Monyos. He looked for it here at Limehouse but as far as I one has turned it up. Greelina formation about. Cataract Formation. At top green shales with their dolomitic lenses. Thickens 7 fut. Heloprion lie of to within 18 inches of Top. Red shales and forugyines sands that are more or less limy - in fact the green stands out prominently as a lime- stone (w/some) series replete with Phacopina and lamme hygro. Thickens 6 fut.

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Red and green shales [illegible] down to trace. Thicker strat. Kelso, Ontario. For the following from Williams. Kelso is 12-14 miles southwest of Limehouse, and 2 miles northeast of Clinton. Zrollport Clinton 6 fat. In character as at Limehouse. Hrs at base P. Almysus. Cataract. 92 fat. As follows Green shales, 9 fat. Red shale 39 fat. Artly almost an [illegible]. Green shales, 18 fat Thin feldspar dolomitic li. 17 fat. Sandy limestone, 1 foot Chalkyrock limestone seen 8'1/2 fat.

In the consolidated sandstone occur a crane Ornithopteri, this common and in the same me that I got the Foss of Cudlip. Pterodactyls and worm turms are wonderfully stood out in these uppermost sand- stones of the Whirlpool.

Elmwilliam August 16 1913 The quarry in the Whirlpool sandstone occur about five miles to the northwest of Georgetown. The Whirlpool sandstone is here about 12 feet thick. The lower 2 to 4 inches are red and mixed layer iron pyrite and from irregularities fitting into the Queenston shale. About 9 feet of the sandstone is regularly bedded and is the much softer after stone. As a rule the clay in grey but in places it becomes hotched with red or passes more en- tirely into a light red clay. The top 3 feet are much cross bedded and is thrown away. Over the sandstone follow the Cataract limestone that here are more sandy and shaly than at Cataract!

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"Marine invertebrates are not numerous nor is the variety great. Small Japhre- tus, Phylidmella, Lichombroidalis and delicate hydrae are the only common forms. Rarely does one see a Favosita or a thomot-formid. For me small Helisites and saw-a joss cashy Halysits, Heads and Tails of Calymere are once common and rarely a Tail of Encirummo. The Queenston as the Top is here seen for about one foot. This change of Color is due to percolating water only the sandstone and in not the original color. Below me has the regulation brick red clays used in the making of bricks, drain-pipes and pottery. Left at 8 P.M. In Hamilton, Ontario.

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"Barton Beds. August 17-1913, Williams tells one that the Barton beds according to C.C. Grant are 83 feet thick over by the islet of clutters near the base of the Lrockfort. Then tells there that are just more of Lrockfort without the hut and that evening do not go with the Rochester. He has at Barton beds in the fields that I collected with Grant one gives up are 1/2 miles west of Bentworth street inclined railway. The best Barton locality where 30 feet of beds can be seen near Mount Albion which is 6 miles south east of Hamilton. This is also on the edge of the gneiss. The Barton beds consists of thin bedded limestone with shale or iron clay beds and bituminous arms partings. There is no chalk in these beds. Drudging there are heavy bedded crystalline dolomites.

From 6 to 8 metres above the base there is an irregular shale layer showing that the sea bottom had not yet become clarified due to the Rochester shale still being in evidence. Above this point we see no more shale.

Hamilton, Monday August 18-19/13 Started out John street south to the Mountain. At the head of the Mountain be- side the road one sees a good exposure of of the base Lockport over the Rochester shale. the The Lockport at base consists of thin bedded crystalline, cavernous [pinks] dolomite without chert for five feet. In the next 18 inches there are a few chert nodules and then the gray-white then bedded fine grained dolomites, deflute and chert nodules and chert stringers. At the very base of the Lockport there is a thin rim-pyrite sometime fine grained sand, 1 from 1/2 inch to 3 inches thick. On this follows a dolomite bed from 2 to 4 inches thick, crystalline, slightly sandy, pyritiferous and with shale pebbles included that are up to one inch in diameter. descended from the Rochester below. There is no transition between the Rochester and

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Lootport as the former is a little flue shale that weathers not readily leaving the Lootport orthogneis in small projecting cliffs. The Archostin-Lootport contact is clearly a broken one. The evidence is lost in the physical side and is as much torn out by the fauna. Is the check of the Lootport here due to diagenetic changes? This is these beds that the springs come from. Also Dictyonema (?) amyiforms. The check is hardly due to weathering corrosion and is probably one due to diagenetic conditions derived largely from the springs. The Archostin shale is from 10-16 foot thick. It comes in suddenly as a shale above the very thin bed of Clinton and then the veins alternate between two beds of very fine grained dolomite and shale that more or less weather or looks like the Archostin at first, but is hardened with time. Fossils are practically absent in the upper 6 foot directly below them there is a zone of a few inches

As there is no bed between the Clinton and Rochester it seems to follow that the Clinton is the time of sea invasion and deep ocean while the Rochester is of sea retro- gression. Under these circumstances the chances are that the Clinton will be more persistent in the oranim sections than the Rochester. The latter will vanish from the top downward in the section finally leaving the Clinton.

"third" effete with Triportmation begun and one says Fenestella, by hockbirds I dare say a few Orestina. The commonal finds them/hut the Rochester are cinnid vscles. In at least one gme the Rochester has a "pillow structure" layer = sea churning. The change from the Clinton heavy bedded limestone to the Rochester is sudden in also appearance and yet then appears like no more tread here. Above the heavy bedded clin- tin there a shale gone from nothing to one met with followed by two ind limestone and O reticularis that is littlely in little the Clinton. Then another shale gone I got shall some rocks in thickens when another lime- stone appears that is once dolomitic. These the limestone have shale petre inclusions and as these do not come from the Clinton limestone must be intraformational in char

Their affairs the 12 July Medina, Ie if this is correct with Paris.

actur. Suppose the phenomena is a form of our break here between the Clinton and Rochester. The 10 feet of Rochester here must re- present either one of the top foot of Rochester at Niagara Falls or only some portion of the lower Rochester. In all probability my the Ile Medina in nearly its full force is to be seen beneath the large road metal quarry at the head of John street between the two stone curbstone and back of the current Reservoir building. At the top it about 4 feet of thin bedded delicate limestone interbedded with shale. Then an irregular and localized zone of from 4 to 6 feet of "pillow structure" heavy bedded sandstone. The thickness of the sea bottom was extensive, the cliffs here are the way up to 2 feet deep into which the waning ocean was deposited. The first 6 feet of thin bedded sandstone alternating with shale. The basal layer is about 12 inches thick and has Lingula

This sharp and regular contact is rather sug- ggestive of continuous deposition and all the more so because L. Almya occurs in the basal Medina. The Clinton has a thickness of about 9 feet of thin bedded limestone over a top heavy single bed 1 4 1/2 feet = 13 1/2 feet of Clinton.

olaya, in great abundance. Fragments are occasionally abundant. The contact between the Medina and Cataract is as sharp as can be. The Cataract ends in fine shales green for 6 to 78 inches and then [illegible] [illegible] below. About 4 feet beneath the contact come in the red Phacencian bygone beds, see photograph. At the bend of Dartmouth street mediine railway plane are on the known contact of the Clinton. The Medina then bedded granitic sandstones and shales one supposed along the steps but a short dis- tance down. The Clinton comes in abrupt line during a sandy pyritiferous glauconitic basal layer 1/2 to two inches thick a deep. The sand then becomes less, the glauconite and pyrite continue into the limestone (more magnesian), and of about 15 inches or better seems Permianus Magnesia Medina shale inclusions if any are scarce. The sharp and diverse lithologic contact with the difference in forms make this contact a brittle one.

Hmy Crua Dundas 26 6-7 Feb. 13 14 Feb. 2. 12 Feb 18 78 12

Hamilton The section then is as follows:- Lockport Break. Rochester, Loran beds only 15 fat. Clinton 13'2 fat. Break Medina Atmt 12 fat. In if correct. Partly no break. Cataract Atmt 80 fat. (8fat Haselli.) Whirlpool sandstone 8 fat. Break Queenston brick rd slates.

"The Medina are made out not to be thicker than (about) 13 feet. the three beds together making about 2 feet. Then come green shales with some sandstones to the cinton, there is no pillar structure here. billcans found a small piece of what appears like Athrophyceus hueranic. At cumandas the Medina is about five foot thinner than at Hamilton. It seems that the higher beds are dipping out.

Dundas [illegible] August 18-1913 Electric cars from Greyham, 15 minutes after the train. Left at 2:15. Dundas is 5 miles to the north-northwest of Hamilton. A peak quarry in the top of the mountain in the high Ledge Park. About 100 feet thick seen here. On the iron quarry level, the cut into the upper Cataract. On sees about 10 feet of green shales with some limestone bands. Then about 11 feet of brick red shales with some slightly harder bands, followed by the third green shales 7 about 3 feet. Over these occur more green shales with harder lining beds interbedded with a further thickness of 6 feet. At first I put these in the Medina but they are more probably of Cataract time. If this is so then the Cataract above the red beds is here far thicker than at Hamilton (18 inches). It may be better to regard these 6 feet as Medina and lay the thickness about 12 to 13 feet.

On Tuesday afternoon came again to Dundee To see the amphitheater at the head of the gulf and Where the falls are. The thin bedded Clinton clearly rests on the Medina sandstone and there is 8 feet of it terminating by the top bearing bed of 6 foot thick (Lucifer). The Medina very thinly bedded sandstone can be seen for 5 1/2 feet down to the base of the falls. The Rockport is here hard to distinguish from the Lucifer but in everything heals up into shaly material. The thickness is 6 1/2 feet. Of Rockport we see here about 15 feet. Clinton, at the base the Clinton is replete with glauconite and is more sandy than dolos- mitic. As usual 18 inches above the base occur an abundance of Pterameres Margus. But Farrisite and Accorcularia two feet above the base of the Clinton.

"The Clinton appears the here with the same and th[illegible] character as at Hamilton. Belms are the thin bedded about 8 feet, this is limestones terminated above by the heavy bed of at the Falls. limestone which here is about 6 feet thick. Contact Belms with the Oredina was not made out. Did not see any Hyattella conjuncta said to occur here (did not look hard for them). The Archeatur is here easily mistaken for the Lockport, Billings made out thicker than at Hamilton. 6 to 7 feet. Suppose there is true but half the. The Lockport here again has a basal conglomerate as at Hamilton but the opposite and sandstone was not made out. Cataract. At base in the Whilford sandstone as at Hamilton followed by the same thin bedded limestone series. Between 10 and 20 feet above the sandstone occur the free A. Hancrocorae. This is the type locality for the species.

Between the cross bedded Cataract sandstone and the grey shale there is a zone of very thin bedded limestone with but little shale, These are the basal Cataract limestone beds. As we go up into the shale the limestone al- most dry out and it is only at long intervals (of 10-15') that bedded limestone goes reappear.

"Stony Creek, Tuesday Aug. 19 -1913 A fine cool day to see this once upstart and exceptional Lulurium action. This back diversity of the village of the creek from stream now dry. But a step from C.P.R. R. and a little further from the defective railway. Queenston is well exposed at several places. Here we come upon the Catarack. It is the characteristic red shales with blue and there a green cracked band. Whirlpool sometime rests in an almost even line on the Queenston. Here as elsewhere the basal beds are heavy and regularly bedded jamming upward into the thin bedded light grey sandstones. The underside of the Whirlpool is marked by filling these fillings are sometimes 2-1/2 inches deep into the semi-crooked surface of the Queenston. [illegible] The basal rock has green Queenston shale including or at other localities and for several miles thrown much more rapidly. The sandstone jam upward into green shales constructed into a very thin series, sands and then interlaced green shales with other bands of magnesian limestone erupts with joints. Chinkora varices and Amphitrite planarcurvosa appear within ten feet of the sandstones.

Cataract. Whirlpool sandstone 12/4 Bassel limestone 8 4 Lower grey shale 48 4 Upper red .. 22 Total Cataract 90 pts. On the bottom layer of what here Medina Isaur dolomite pebbles and the Medina- Cataract bivalves. The same bivalves occur immediately in the shale below and in the sandy red layers that at time are distinctly intrafor- motinal conglomeratic. Three foot thick Medina Zinzula Moya give good bivalve clots, and 18 inch beds, these the same bivalves occur plus a vast abundance of dolomite pebbles, and fragments of L. Moya. There is now no doubt that here is no break between the Medina and Cataract. The story well section proves this.

The lager unit the abundance of Medina near Mata comes in about 30 foot above the Whirlpool sandstone. At the top of the Catarack occur again the red shales with some hard bed grey stone. Finally at the crag top remain red and bear twirls and Helios. Medina. Resting with absolute conformity on the Cataract is a basal light green sandstone these are cemented by festering burrows. within beds for about one foot in total thickness. This contact shows no sign of breach other than the first sandstone in 1-1/2 inches thick, while 2 in. or 2 in. shale and 3 in. 4 in. The appearance of a sandstone on fine shales. This follows for 10 feet variegated red ad from the redded sandstone of the Medina that at just up one sees as at the Whirlpool at Medina about amid grey show local pillow structure. Overlying are about 7 feet of light green sandstone that are decidedly arms bedded at the crag top in a thickness, varying from nothing to about 5 feet. It is again a case of clean sands channeling into the softer dirty sands. The basal Medina sandstones are ample rock ferlithen, see the specimen.

"The bottom stratum is clearly a clean gravel, sandstone & the Medina dolomite and in places below as much as 8 inches of this sand; usually from 2 to 4 inches. Further down are some small pieces of the gum Medina sometimes included as pebbles. Eighteen inches above the base occur an abundance of P. Morgan and in fine specimens."

Clinton. The thin bedded brown Clinton district overlaps the Medina. The contact is more or less conformable but with distinct bottom irregularities. The contact is very marked where the Medina is cross-bedded. It looks as if there is here 8 to 9 feet of thin bedded Clinton followed by the heavy bed which is here only 4 1/2 feet thick. Rocheata. Rests with sharp contact on the departed of Clinton. The latter is a hard gray crystalline limestone followed without transition by the Rocheata hardened blue shales, reptile with the regular gypsum. There may be 26 feet of Rocheata.

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Lrockport. The contact is absolutely emphorable but the lithology med side | the contact is very different. The Rochester blue shales are followed by then redded gray dolomites and all along the contact line we can see weathering out the iron pyrite sandy basal layer we saw yesterday at Hamilton. Could not get at it to prove this. There appear take about 20 feet of Lrock port and than come in the clark heavily much then more redded dolomites. The latter prevences here about 12 feet. TJ J Ormountain.

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Brimsby, Ont. August 20 -1913. Saturday Left Hamilton at 10.10 by electric rack way and got to Brimsby at 11.30. Stopping at the "Village Inn" a first class house. The section is along Forty Mile Run. Queenston shale occurs of the gable some distance. Along the southeast wall one gets the first continuous exposure of the Siluria, Whirlpool sandstone rests upon Queenston in regular conformity. Under surface of sandstone is again filled in the sun cracks of Queenston. Basal four inches with much iron pyrite and the green shale pebbles of the Queenston occur in the basal 1/2 inches. The lower heavy redded sand- stone is 5 feet thick and then follows thinner redded sandstone for 12 foot more. Cataract and well exposed. At the top occurs brick red sandy shales, and directly upon these without transition rests the mottled red and grey Chredon sandstone in heavy beds. These are 12 feet thick followed by more than

be got in the Clinton Dintolus emadi P. Margus and Stricklandina. A. archimedes occurs at the very top of the Medina just beneath the Clinton. It occurs through about 18 inches of strata. One sees it best on the north or western side of the gulch but I also saw it on the southern or eastern side. At the falls it does not occur but A. karleni alone is found here.

bedded Medina sometimes for ten feet more. Clinton. The basal Clinton is again highly psittiform and the then beds have here a thicknes of 9 feet followed by the thick bed of 4 1/2 feet thick. P. Magnus occurs here again about 16 inches above the base. At the head of the gulch where the falls are one again see the Clinton and very psitt-sit. Here the basal layer is nothing psittiform with a little shale between it and the Medina beds also somewhat irregular but not much so. Medina. At the falls the Medina looks different from where we saw it further down the gulch justing 1/3 mile further east. At the top are gray sandstone and green shales for about 6 feet. Then a red sandy shale across for 2 or 3 feet thick, followed below by cross bedded mottled sandstones all of which are marked by the translation ripples [illegible]. Fueroide n Authophyerae are rare here. At the abandoned quarry on N side of gulch all is a very light greenish sandstone out

on the other side. Surface. Lockport thin feedbed dolomite Contact irregular infract Rochester cement hills, being definitions. the two counties he was acting. Rochesterhaven h.s. Rochester prailifum h.s. Survey Lockport - Rochester Contact, Cave under here.

some holes in the upper part, while the lower part is the heavy bredded mottled red and white sandstone. Rochester. Dwar a very large surface of the uppermost Clinton on which considerable Rochester shale was still sticking. It was the regulatin Rochester fauna with pieces of Cargocrinus ornatus. This means that most of the Rochester fauna is also present in the lower Clinton. Lockport. The Lockport is here more limestone and hardly dolomite. Fossils are common and especially thick crinoid stems. The fauna 15 feet above the base is essentially Rochester. Specifica endora, I. radiatus Encylyptocrinus crassus, many hygroa.

Section at foot of the house H.Y.C.R. About 1/2 mile south of Rinnas Ferry on line. Just west of Bratton House, The place of my former picture, Lime Cliffs - readily in the lower layers, Regular Limestone. Crystalline or nodular limestone. Picture ores. Mud base layer. Evenly bedded cement beds. In places, the picstone is red. Mud base layer. Over some contact line. Sometimes called Cement Beds. Distinctive here. Cement layers into Red sandstone shale. Regular Picstone shale, Contact

Niagara Falls, Thursday Aug 21 - 1913. Left Simsbury at 9.30 A.M. after shipping from trces [illegible] points. Arrived at Suspension Bridge at 11. Took the Cataract Trolley line to end just where the large section along the N.Y.C.R.R. begins. He first studied the contact between the Lockport and Rochester. At first one laid it down the heavy bedded crystalline escorite somewhat magnesian limestone overlay the cement beds. At the base this li., has but the smallest shale inclusions, there is no bottle argilite, and all in all there is no convincing evidence that there is - break here. Beneath this layer from place to place there is hardened shale or even an interformational conglomerate from 0 to 5 inches. In other places there is not more than a thin shale footing followed below by the 3 1/2 feet bed of pictured rocks = mud churned sea bottoms. Clearly this thin irregular layer goes with the cement series and cut, directly with the Lockport. Then follow below a more regularly bedded cement grade about 3 feet thick, succeeded by another churned layer, about 3 feet

"just east of hatched house Chumed fish, Cement fish. Robston chola did not know anything"

thick. On one of the first dates, about 1/2 mile east of the end of the structure line. Here the contact between the cement beds and the regulation Archeton comes out very clear and reveals a very irregular contact, the most marked one seen. The Archeton is very irregular at the top with differences of three feet and one is hardly over in doubt as to what is Archeton, being the regulation thin lidded blue shale. On the top of this irregular surface sets the cement beds I found channeled balls and irregular deposits. All are here disposed to lay the contact here although at friendly gestures are laid the contact at the crystalline limestone line above. Below this lower contact line one has also cement beds (an illustration) so that after all the lower contact is no better than the upper one. In general one can say that the whole conditions may be passing into deeper crusts and that it is this deepening that brings on strong eruptions and then the

I think it best to regard the Cement-Rockstar the test contacts. The upper line is as much little other lines that nothing positive can be made of it. The lower one certainly brings in a tremendous clearness, a sharp contact, and always a line easily recognized in good exposures. The [illegible] upper one will be more easily found in ordinary exposures. From the formation standpoint it is more practicable to begin the Lockport above the cement beds, but in structural grounds the evidence is in favor of placing the line at the base of the cement series. If a break in deposition occurred, then the gravel began with the cement series and these can be added to the Lockport for- imation.

While changes run into on one lying oratus, lime stone and then magnesia limestone. According therein we have here a at firstly, and there- fore due in the area of the meeting of the mother sea with the Arctic or Gulf sea. Cataract. Whirlpool sandstone at base. days Over it lies thin bedded fissile blue shales for fath, then a zone of the same shale only a few mus thousands of impure dolomite dividing the fauna I collected some years ago, about 5 fath thick, followed by once shale of the same characters for 19 feet. Then 5 fath zone of thin bedded dolomitic limestone with a brief sandstone between the top, the limestone limestone reflects onto Oreltonia and almost no shale fartings. Lots of Lajula payments. Mayhara & cuneata. Then once blue shales for 3 feet above then sandstone and red shales of the Medina appear. I would say the Ordovician therefor 32 feet above the Whirlpool. It is due that the Medina sandstone, There in our head here between the Cataract and Ordovician. Then is best seen in the

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indefinite character of the sandstone at the base of the Decline. Certain beds begin earlier, others end with abrupt sides against the shale, in some places the sandstone comes in definite and remain or, in other the sands were scarcce or that the red shales are more persistent than the sandstone. The upper Cataract dolomite series is splits with minute shale ooze and small pebbles and many fossils are badly preserved. Four Leperditia caecigera, Helgorna paguli, Rhynchonella of neglecta, Cristina (some and emmm), small gastropod, Lophospira Lingula fragments, and bivalves. Ellsworth collected a gastropod about twenty feet down in the Shirlpool. There is no seem cracking filling on the under side of the Shirlpool here as at Strong Creek.

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In the Medina there are at least two grps of mound-tall nollings. They are local Phendrona as the first one in front of the third oratch but has a natural extent of less than 200 feet. It is the same with the one in the little gulel while the lowest one at the Whirlpool Rapids is less than 105 feet in extent. Spent the evening at Niagara Falls. Had dinner at the International. Left Niagara Falls at 8.30 pm Tomorrow on the Buffalo Trolley line and then changed cars for Lockport. Arrived here at 10.00.

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Lockport. Friday Aug 22 - 1913 Rained all morning. In the afternoon it cleared some but we started out for the quarries about one- mile north of Lockport. After crawling around all afternoon we finally made out the following section pretty well. The lower part of the section can only be seen back of the United Indurated Pipe Co. Here at the level of the water in the canal to the turbine one sees about 44 feet of Queenston. Over the latter lies the white Whirlpool sandstone here also filling in the same cracks of the Queenston. It's over nine or 6 feet filled and by then reddish sandstones for 11 feet more. Williams got down over the cliff hill side and made out these thicknesses. The next higher beds could not be well made out but as I saw them from the other side of the gulch they looked to me like an alternating series of thin green if

This seems to be the main coral form, L. cuneata and Lepiditris are most common. These forms occur in both the pure white sandstone but more often in the red and even the ferruginous red.

green shales and sandstones. Williams says they are essentially sandstone but nothing of the Cataract fauna was seen. This group may have a thickness of 10 feet. Certainly these beds are not red. Then come in red sandy shales and sandstone estimated at 25 feet. It is in the upper 10 feet that the White- mine quarries are situated. Then appear locally two layers of Q. Archimedes that together have a thickness of 30 inches. They are as well developed here as at Grimsthy. Along the Treaty line one sees these beds to their advantage and it is true that one sees the same runout in a distance of 500 feet. Over these humors come in more red sandy shales and sandstones the thickness of which I do not know but seemingly it cannot be more than 10 feet. At the top is the Big Band about

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"Two fat things, just below it are ours" Accordingly we made out about 60 fat of Oredina of which not more than 27 fat can be referred to the Catarack. One cannot rely on the succession of the beds. The Oredina here is a series of shallow water deposits in once a less strong currents. It is in the clean white sandstone that we see the stranded Lingulas on a track marked surface. Even so these beds have shale pebbles. The red sandstones are full of red shale pebbles and here very near and then appear beds 2 to 4 inches thick made up of roundish shale pebbles and small fragments of Lingula. At least one bed near the top of the Whitteme quarry there is a ferropinnid beds that in due appearance is like the rim red beds of the Clinton.

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This a conglomerate of red shale pebbles, Lincoln payments and tiny orbitis are supcharged with ferric material. The Medina sandstones are especially here at Letchworth in a series of sandstone lenses (about 75%) deposited in a red shale series.

Medina Lectini Top not seen, Nor the Clinton, On the Guy Bed. Red beds of thin sandstones with shale partings, about 35 feet seen in the vicinity of the Falls. In the upper 15 feet occur Anthophyllum and in the basal 5 foot L. currenta is succeeding common. White sandstones, sometimes slightly tinged with red Ktetchs or faintly discolored. Upper 2 to 3 foot thinner bedded with shale partings Great central mass (12 feet) more irregular bedded and quarried. Lower 6 foot mud eros bedded, of crasser sand with considerable flack against flack material in streaks. No fresh except is after 2 foot that all times are reflected with L. currenta.

Medina, August 23-1913. Saturday. Left Lockport by Trolley at 8.45 and got to Medina at 9.30. In the vicinity of Medina Falls of Crab Arch and immediately opposite north west part of the Falls, Gravel meets a gravel series of the Medina. To the left Above the canal level we sees about 6 feet of thin bedded red sandy shale and sandstone, mostly the latter. About 2 feet below the top occurs the A. archimedes layer (Coprolites) in three beds, together though 18 to 24 inches. Earlier in the morning I had seen the same layer above the Falls and here they more are lamellar through a zone 3 inches thick. A. haemani also occurs in these beds, also above and below them. The lower part of the The same beds are seen again at the tops of the quarry on the N. W. side of Medina at the Falls, between twelve and his (illegible) to be 20 feet thick. Very little of them in Belms are cross bedded sandstone either white, or mottled or even red. This same quarry zone is seen again in small quarry beds at the mouth of these red shale and red sandstone not far.

In general we could call these brown white sandstone, whilst red but this can be done only on the basis of color and position. There is certainly no Cataract run it in the red shale above have the agulotins Medenia fauna. The brown 8-10 feet of the white sandstone are amid erms bedded, Other fossils than Orthothycus are very scarce, but but we find [illegible] and no Lepudilia, In the red beds shale conglomerate is common. In a case of sea churning, the pebbles may be as large as 2 inches across. They are always flat when large, but those if little bits are often more rounded.

Here the section is at the top thin bedded red sandstone with shale partings for 10 feet. (Above these are more thin bedded order of the same kind for at least 15 feet and then this 8 feet seen above the canal level). Belms are white sandstone thinly bedded above only once or twice then shale goes and then heavy bedded sandstones. One sees 10 feet here but there are at least 20 feet down to the level of the creek. At the top of this zone Leptolina curcata is common. They also occur in the lower part of the thin bedded red shales and sandstones, In the distance follows the white sandstone I could see about 5 feet of Queenston shale down to stream level. Above the Falls one sees the upper red sandstone and sandy shales through a thickness of 10 to 22 feet. Near the top is the 30 inch zone of A. dactyloides while throughout the mass we sees once or less of A. harlani. As I did not see the Grey Band saw my Dictyoliths or fossil Buns cracks.

This one is like other Clinton we only have there is more frag- mental material, some sand and bone white, fossils occur. It does not lie at the base of the dolerite but 3 feet above the base of these formations. The rim one is decidedly cross-hilled. It is made of a crystallized material, bygone, Tenta- culites, some sand, and certain rolled fragments of iron all superimposed and erected inside him. The layers below and the one hand show crone marks = undulating or waves.

Rochester Sunday Aug 24-1913. Just below the Driving Park Bridge one has a fine view of the entire Clinton, and most of the Medina. Resting directly upon the grey band of the Medina and without transition is the Iroquois shale here 24 feet thick. It's a green shale devoid almost of all fossils other than ferns. Furnacerville lime stone = 12 miles thick. Towards the base of the Dolobett limestone, don't will be recognized as an independent member as it is included in the [illegible] Dolobett Limestone. A series of greenish thin bedded limestones that come in sharply over the Iroquois shale, including the lime at fuel 14 feet thick. Towards the top the limestones become thinner with their shale partings and rapidly change into the Williamson shale. Williamson shale due 24 feet thick. The lower and black (Immography) huts 12 feet are pure pink in color, followed by a zone of about 4 feet thick of green shale with thin limestone bands and 8 feet of green shales. The division of Amphlotherea hemidtherica and Ammophagus clintonensis. Both forms are very common.

I could not examine in detail the contacts between the Clinton and Broksten and while one casily sees the line separating the two there appears to be no break in time between them. The evidence is all in favor of regarding the contact between the Clinton and the Medina Borden There is here all that transition one sees at Glen- ferland. The Post time material is however not a day ore. clearly washed white sand The long Band is regularly hidden, and near the base has several goes of shale pottle inclusion. This material at heavy lens of flinty lodes. Means more action.

Sandquist limestone. There is a complete transition from the Williamson shale in that there comes of limestone appear at the top of the latter, and the limestone became once and once dominant and in thicken his upward throughout the Sandquist. Finally at the top there is a first come of blue shales and then comes in somewhat sharply the thin limestone series of the Rochester shale. The thickness is 18 feet. Clinton limes. Just below the Driving Point Bridge on the east bank one sees one of these cups. It begin down in the Sandquist about .5 feet and extends out more than 3 feet into the Rochester, have a photo of it. Top of Medina. There is an absolute sharp con- tact between the Grey Band of the Medina and the Jordan shale. I stuck my knife in at the contact and found it to be as sharp as can be. On one side is the white sandstone and on the other fine green shale. Beneath the Grey Band are heavy beds of impure red sandstone more or less mottled. These have marlins 4-Authophycus, archimedes

Medina Bryland -- 4 fut Willow nd d. & ss. 16 Larr sandstone 30 50 Queensm Rd L and ss 40 Sandstones 10 Rest not seen. 50

in the Camelian form. A. larlani also occurs. This molled sandstone with many grms of shale pebble mclusing is about 6 ft thick. Beneath it appears still distier mottled red sandstone and red sandy shales. One sees the A: aechimids (Camelias) in one of the sandstone down in 20 ft beneath the greyland. At about from 25 to 45 ft beneath the top is a zone of decidedly heavy bedded sandstone that are mud and cns bedded. Through this zone I saw no Carchophyces thank they may occur towards the top where there are thinner shale beds. Beneath in about 40 ft, sandy shales predominate when another sandstone zone (tending to be oily) comes in for a thickness of 10 ft. Clarke gives the Medding exposures as 75 feet certainly at 60 and perhaps while Shurtzapel places it at 95 feet. Lockport. At the upper face of the Seneca one can see the contacts between the Lockport and Rochester. I could not get near enough to make out the nature of the contact but no ordinary rolled concentric cement beds appear to occur here. There appears

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To be a better transition here than at Niagara Falls. However that page states that the basal beds are irregular in deposition. Will see these beds in the morning. Archeton hole here is given as 80 feet thick and as 50 fat at Niagara Falls.

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Archeeton, Monday August 25-1913. Returned to the Large Falls of the Sorece To make out if possible the contact between the Medina and the Queenston. It is now clear to one that the large redded, much cross-redde maroon sandstone make the base of the Medina. This sandstone is of very coarse material, much coarser than any sandstone beneath it above it. It also slightly rippled and in time places downs in the under side fills up into some cracks of the Queenston. The Queenston starts in under this sand- stone as a maroon shale, sandy and mica- cious. Within three feet of the top there may be a gray sandstone 4 inches thick and another may come in a foot farther down. In any event none of these sandstones persist but change within one hundred feet into the regulation shales. In general one can say that here at Archeeton the Queenston

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in of the same general character as at Queens- -tn but more sandy tending to go more and more into sandstone. This is in harmony with the character of the Barrejr, or sandstone of Richmond age, The Queenston shales have nearly always irregular much squeezed and stickin sides ( where shales not or in sandy-sholes), from lurms but these are not at all of the character of the Arthrophychus. Medina, The basal sandstone (Whitford?) are made up as follows frm base upward:- Basal coarse grained sandstone bed. Regu- larly bedded beds, cross-bedded above and often deeply channeled. One bed 5 ft thick. Second thick bed 3 ft thick, also much cross bedded. Then irregularly bedded coarse grained sandstone 8 ft thick. T? ? Whitford. Regularly bedded, thin bedded, light colored sandstone, with shale partings,

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with shale chobs at the top, about 15 feet thick. A. harlani en- tirely occurs in the upper 3 feet and may go lower. Much sun-cracking at least in the upper 2 feet. Then come dark ledged sandstone, with less dominant shale partings, the sandstone considerably channelled and all muddled into A. archimedes. These beds are all mottled with green solution or alteration spots. About 15 feet. Grey Band grit over 4 feet thick. Therefore the Medina is at least 50 feet thick. These thicknesses are estimates. Look at contact. In the large quarry on North Goodman Street one sees a fine contact between the Archeton shale (here quarried for building stone) and about 1 foot of base Locketh. The top of the Archeton is nearly irregular to the extent of at least 4 feet. Over it follows a muddy deformed layer about 2 to 3 feet, all

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"thrown into irregular masses and in places into round balls. Once the irregularities follows a dark bituminous sandy shale filling the depressions and the regular bedded, laminated in appearance, [illegible] sandstone. There can be no doubt that the section is here broken, and that the irregular layers go with the Lockport. Have a piece of the basal sandstone above the irregular layer. The sand rapidly becomes less and the beds become a fine grained crystalline dense dolomite. All of this in fine fab. These basal beds have no fossils of any kind. The same thing of contact between the Rochester and Lockport is there seen at Rochester, Niagara Falls and Swope- by. The lack of evidence for a break. As usual the most eastern contacts introduce sand, not seen even at Niagara Falls and certainly but a few grains at Swope."

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Left [illegible] Hotel at Rochester at 6.15 for Albany where I will stay one night to take the boat on Tuesday morning. Boat to Albany at 12.40 A.M. and on home hunting around to get after for the night. Tried at least six places and finally got into the Tim Eyott Annex. A poor room at $3.50. Summer tourist price in town. Albany N.Y. Tuesday 26-79 '3 On the Hendrick Hudson down the Hudson at 8.30. New York at 5.45. Had dinner at the Murray Hill and to New Haven at 8, P.M. Home at 10.15,

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West Chester, Ohio. September 20 - 1913 Had the use of Jim Huber's auto To West Chester station on the Big Four Railway, only Cincinnati about 20 miles. Visited this place to see the contact between the Mount Auburn beds of the Capevillian and the basal bed - Ann- heim of the. - of the Richmondian. The exposure is a fine new cut just north of the station a cut probably 100 feet long and nearly 30 feet deep. From the physical side no one would judge that two formations are here superposed and certainly no one would look here for a line break. All is a series of blue thin-bedded limestones interbedded with shales of which the latter makes up more than one-half. At the face of the section, the

The Hivalre grne des also commonly Rafinesquina alternata mesuta, I am not certain of their recurrence for they may occur a little lower. From the close association I should say they are very near the base of the Antlerim , having drifted to lower levels.

Mount Autumn has more limestone than the lower zones. One can say that in general the Mount Autumns seems more and more shale and that finally in the highest five feet all is practically a blue shale. In general the sections may be de- scribed as follows: Arnhem. Decidedly fossiliferous Amended li, with shales. Partly one li, than sh. Definite and Pseugra and one one just below center with fossils 8 feet. Arnhem & ft. shady-shaly limestone interior parts - 3-5 inches. Int. Autumn 18-19 feet are soft blue shales. 2 feet Li, 2 to 4 inches near face blue shales. Some thin li, 2/2 feet. Blue shales with more and more li, downwards. 9 feet. These beds have very rarely a Plety- stiffing liq (R. Jordenman also) occurs often but never more of li. with the bees standing like sandwiches. Blue shales and then bedded limestones about half and half. Most of the fossils collected are from here. 5 feet. Plectrothri occurs here little those found to fit on vines about there.

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The contact does not show a decided break but does show a change in sedimentation. The Mt Autumn beds become more and more shale and finally all shale at the top. Sharply upon the shale and just slightly irregular appears a blue sandy (very fine sand), shaly limestone deposit of fossils, a bed from about 3 to 5 inches thick. This is all that one sees in the physical change, and the fact that there is again as much limestone deposition as in the Mt Autumn at the lower level goes to show further change and deeper waters than had been the condition just previous to Amheim time. Faunally however there is a marked change for now the Bryozoa are and Crinoids also are different species, there are new bivalves, arkland but otherwise one sees no brachi pods or other classes of organisms to draw attention to Amheim n Richmondian con- ditions.

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It is therefore plain that a marked change had gone on here and locally the facts may be interpreted two ways. First, that Orbeian Time began with deepened oratus, opening new sea ways with the immigration of a new fauna, the Richmondian fauna. Second that in Old Autunm Time the sea drawn back going into land conditions, and in Orbeian Time there was a re-invasion of the sea. From local conditions I prefer to adopt the former view and to hold that here in the Ohio Valley the Chesapilean sea continued throughout the Richmondian time.

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Lietanum, Ohio September 22-1913 Again had the use of Hubij's automobile for the day. Set to Lietanum at 9.30 A.M. after a 26 mile drive. Came here to see the contact between the Saint-Autumn and Grunheim formation. At the north end of the village of Lietanum is Reservoir Creek and it is along this stream that the following observations were made. Did not succeed to positively locate the contact zone as no limestone seen was of a sandy nature as at West Chestnut. This is evidence rather for continuity of deposition than change. In going up the Reservoir creek I saw about 5 feet of thin li. grit shale below the Petrosquaria produsca beds. Then these li. beds of 2 feet thick in which I saw our P. lynx. Then the Platystrophia lynx beds of same shale than li, with a thickness of 5 feet. This zone is wonderfully rich in this deed, 99% of single valves and many

T of Land. Anheim 18ft seen. Higher Anheim 7 ft. Blue shale with increasing amount of li. beds. O. acraone gme. 3 ft Lower Anheim mainly Blue shale About 8 ft thick My hand in Depositories Not Certain 23 ft seen. R. ponderosa beds. Li. and shales, Blue About 11 ft. R. ponderosa in profusion in the li. beds. Each from 2+6 inches thick. Refugia ponderosa beds. P. lynx beds 5 feet thick. Blue shales reflect with these beds, tending to make limestone. P. ponderosa beds. In profusion. 2 feet thick Li. and shales About 5 feet.

mud form and some almost smooth, Orthi sinuata and P. ponderson also occur here for the P. lynx make of 95% of the fronds. Hydan come in blue shales with more li. and in thicker beds than Talar for about 11 feet. The li. are replace with P. ponderson and here they usually seem piled together like canews standing on edge. This same species also record in the shales but here in far less abundance. In other words where P. ponderson has clear waters they grow in such abundance as to make li., but when the waters muddy they are far less nu- mmerous. On the other hand P. lynx grows in somewhat muddy waters and do not make li. beds. At the deeper and thickly grown of P. ponderson I laid the dividing line between the Orth. Autumn formation and the Arenheim. There certainly is no fault to be seen here for the Ratios again continue upward

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but less abundant. A physical change, but of little moment, occurs here for now the deposits are seemingly more than 3/4 blue shale with thinner laminations than usual. In the first 4 feet of the Arnheim one sees little in the way of fossils other than R. alternata and Platystrophia lypota. Then fossils become more abundant and at about 8 feet above the base occur Oithon retusus. Here also L. olivoidales; [no smaller specimen] and Dalmanella multi. The same type of beds occurs upwards for 10 feet with a tendency for more bi, bi's as one proceeds into younger deigns. Lestum The Arnheim lycopra are at once far rarer and less diverse than at West Chester. On the other hand in the Drp. Autumn R. ponderosa and P. lyncy are surprisingly abundant, which is not the case or at West Chester.

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The evidence as seen at West Chester and Leetown is certainly not at all in favor of a time break between the Ost Antum me Aurheim formation. It is however clear that the great bulk of the Ost Autumn fauna gra- dually die out and that but little of it is left at the close of this time. The sea was taken possession of locally by vast beds of P. fouldensi and P. lyrata with a scattering of other species in occasional specimens. This faunal change goes on to the end of the Ost Autumn and with the introduction of Aurheim a great migratory wave occurs. At West Chester this is easily seen in the abundance of bryozoa of many new species, but at Leetown where Phole dominates one does not notice the change at all. I could not be certain that Sloss in the Au- reim until I got back above its base when I got Orthos retusus and Septaria chambriensis.

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It seems to me that the sea was continuous but that Armheim time partially introduced a slight deeping of waters in southeastern Ohio with greater changes else- where. It is these greater changes in foreign territory that caused the introduction of a new fauna, the Richmondian. The local Chagresvillian fauna was dying out and may have come from a sea province in- dependent of that of the Richmondian.

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Pottsville, Penn. Oct 31-1913 Left Nor Haven at 2.11 P.M. and arr on the Erie at 4.05. L.A. to Reading, Pa at 8.30 and to Pottsville at 10.20, nearly 40 minutes late. Baird HalbuStadt was at the depot to take me to the Pottsville Club. It's Halloween night and the town is filled with young people in masquerade. Pottsville Nov. 1-1913. Started out at 8 with HalbuStadt and Ungar, to see the geological forma- tions. At the end of the train struck south- east through the gap of the Pishkill and come upon the lower part of the Pottsville conglomer- ate. At or near the top it is large reddish white quartz (clearly washed of mud) sand

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"milk small boulders. These are still rounder and in sizes from 1 to 4 inches averaging between 1 and 2 inches. In general it may be said as we go down in the Pottsville that the pebbles of white quartz become smaller and on the average are certainly smaller below than at the top. The top measures I only saw from the automobile but the lower beds have pebbles from 3/4 to 3 1/2 inch averaging about 1/2 inch. There are beds of 1 foot thickness up to several feet separated by coarse quartzose sandstones. The basal Pottsville is a thick zone of conglomerate probably 6 feet thick. It rests on greenish shales somewhat sun-cracked and has earned some into it. The question is not yet settled that this is the basal bed for there is a transitional series below that may date Pottsville.

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"This transition series is about 200 foot thick and consists of about 6 zones of Mauch Chunk like red shales separated by beds of sandstones or conglomerate like those of the Pittsville. Hunger says that in as yet no final evidence to indicate that this transitional series is Mauch Chunk in Pittsville, Below the Mauch Chunk is the fairly uniform series over 3000 feet thick of red shales and interbedded sandstones. The latter often have drifted plant stems and in the muddier sandstones roots in place or fossils that are known from these sandstones. The red shales present much evidence of continental deposition. They are at times riffled, always have evidence of plant material and roots, are usually sun cracked and often the thin dried pools of curled mud have been squeezed together into an intraformational mud

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crystalline. These same glistening sand hills are often rain-pitted, usually very- minute as some isolated drops hit at times the pitting is decided and unin- dividualized drops indicating constant rain and not a passing shower. As a rule one may say that the rain was scattering and if no gust force or direction it is the condition seen in the dry Triassic shales of Connecticut. The amphibian tracks occur through- out the Grand Chuckle and are restricted to the glistening sun-cracked hills. There are certainly 4 and possibly 6 species ascending to dungen. I saw the place in Pittsfield where Isaac Lea got his famous precursors. He came about 1875 but before the trip of the Grand Chuckle. dungen gets our careful distinct im-

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processing of plants from the Grand Chenille and these are land plants. There are no adaptations like. There is no calcareous matter connected with these plants and for that matter there is no calcareous matter in fossil shells connected with the entire Chenille here. The Grand Chenille here has not a trace of marine animals. Nor are there any in the Pennsylvanian of this area except a few are known in the Anthracite again. The Pocono is cut as sharply se- parated from the Grand Chenille as I thought it would be. The transition zone between is dark--justly and very well--and then all is red shales. The Pocono howe- ever is usually are a coarse silvery mi- caceous sandstone with rarely a shale lens. These shale lenses 6 to 10 inches

Lingu says that the Lower, Middle and Upper Precon lines are different from one another, and are markedly so.

usually bare land plants and me fool [illegible] and led a duty coal mine 6 miles thick. A trade of marine fossil has been cited here. Lepidodendron conyatum is the guide fossil although Dujyn has 70 species. Old lists do not have more 20 to 30 species. This flora seems to be the correlate of the Horton. Then follows helms the very thick Catskills, again a just red shale draym and greenish sandstones. The flora is [illegible] from that of the Pocono and is said like the Wrose flora. Dujyn has gotten here Arenmites and we got a coal case attached. I did not see this formation except at a distance.

H. J. Herby 407 Garfield St Pattsville Pa. C.W. Unger Pattsville Pa.

Dear Mulhills Harum are our Weldutugian. At the base it has Favo- oils (my prementia), hygro, and an abundance of Lepeditia layer than base of the Daliwan. I could not make out this formation but think it is in the Regan and partly low in the Regan. Higher come indeed sticky muddy di, without fossils. There is only a trace line of either Crgmans or from their Scotland. Sharply upon the Weldutugian comes in the Cristany white quartz pebble conglomerate, it sets sharply upon the L. It. and there is not a trace of transition here. It may be that it is not Cristany for I saw no fossils. It may turn out to be an ancient conglomerate of the time of the New Scotland. This conglomerate is again a character like the Pitts ville.

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Below the Helvetian comes in a thick series of red candy flakes that since Rogers time is called Clinton. This is certainly the Dalina red flakes. There are not vines connected with it and I did not dare long much to say there are no prints here.

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Dr. R. Atmords [illegible] mvt. Tuff Telluride conglomerate 90 feet Boulder Clay 90 feet Manure of slate Telluride conglomerate 90-100 feet.

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Film IV or V continued. 10 Hamilton, Rochester - Loder contact. One foot film gun in side of cliff near trees. Clinton being hauled hi. shews many small bushes. In Cliff shadow. 11 Same taking out Clinton. Note drill hole w it. Both one scene. 8. 12 Based Medina m Cataract back of Reservoir tenents the by chalk quay at head of John street. 100ft 80ty /20. Film VI 1 Dundas quarry. Late fillies on top of Coal, electricity surface beneath, with dip slope into lake. 2 Atney Craik. 100 ft at contact between Dacentrum and Whitford. John Cataract in distance. 3. Same at 30 feet. 4 . . . . Late on better light 5 Grimothy, Arso foot. (Rochester slope with film) (Clinton) (Medina top.) 6 Grimothy. One 100 feet. Rochester (sunset hed) irregular con- tact with rugged Lode ports.

7 same as 6 frm a little difficult level 8 u u 7 - the top of bridge was pulled 9 Maya Falls. Contact (irregular) of Cement beds of Rockets and Zorpton at 30 feet. Hammer in contact. 10 Same contact at 20 feet. Sandhill layer below, of Rochets concreted, Zorpton above. 11-12 same contact. Film VII. 1 same contact. Shale with shrunken cement beds. Upper Center also in picture. 2 Pillar structure in Medina, 50 feet below till. layers At 40 feet. Pillars 2 to 3 feet thick. 3 Same at another place. 4-5 Cataract-Medina junction from bridge one gulch. 6-8 Cataract-Medina contact from bridge to tunnel, 8 closer view where the dolomite, then blue shale formed by the Medina sandstone. 9 Protests. Road are bridge. Two Clinton outcrops until then the big road are Medina.

10. came as 9 hut from out of hidey trolling down stream. Five minutes y Clinton over view. 11. Came as 10 hut five half way down trolling across to east bank. 12. came as 11 - to thru a Clinton reef. Thru the lump quickly beneath the water bank. Due notes. Film VIII. 1 Furnaceville run me at spot, ½ second (st). 2 Broadmann shut quarry Roberts, to show Loretta Roberts entrance. Did not be as fair as then - when is quarry. Light not good otherwise. 3-7 Farmington (Mostford) 8-10 Dorchester Dig From R.R. cut. 11-12 Blank. Film 9. 1-3 Dorchester Dig From R.R. cut.

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Lockport Ry. Whitome quarry. Best section in Gulf for Lockport tr top Medina (down to Gray bands) Chicagana Baye, Arenaceous Cataract limestone with dolomite throughout thick. Has numerous thin fossils. Shales below down to Whitford lime- stone, Williams makes it 22 feet thick. The lower 6 inch limestone is about 6 feet above Whitford sandstone. Williams puts the top of Cataract 18 feet above the 3 foot limestone. A marly sandstone sand to Li cementa comes in above. Rimyeflects tiles. [As it forms thin in too high by] [3 feet]

Albion, New York. Can get here by ferry from Rochester & Lockport. Also out of the way and cheap. Medina is a quarry, castle town about 1/4 to 1/2 miles. Plenty from Red Sandstone, Iron ore & red soft shale, but only railway and quarry. About 40 feet thick. Near the top occurs Althis- Phycus archimedes. Neither top or bottom is here seen at Albion.

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