General notes on South Pacific island groups

BIRD DEPT. LIBRARY FOR THE PEOPLE FOR EDUCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY LIBRARY DEPARTMENT OF BIRDS AMNH.

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General Notes on South Pacific Island Groups by Charles W. Michener Associate Curator of Birds, United States National Museum.

59.82(9) x5.083(9.) General Notes on South Pacific Island Groups. By Charles W. Richmond Associate Curator of Birds, United States National Museum.

Contents Society Group General Notes List of Islands Birds Tuamotu Group General Notes List of Islands Birds Marquesas Group General Notes List of Islands Birds Line Group General Notes List of Islands Birds Caroline Atoll, etc. General Notes List of Islands Birds Hervey or Cook Group General Notes List of Islands Birds Rapa and Vicinity General Notes List of Islands Clues to the Identity of South Pacific Birds Samoan Group List of Islands General Notes Birds Islands East and Northeast of Samoa

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-1- (24) GENERAL NOTES ON THE SOCIETY GROUP. Explorers and collectors who have visited this group include: Bougainville visited Tahiti (in 1768); Commerson, naturalist. Cook (1st voy.) visited Tahiti (April-July, 1769), with Sir Jos. Banks, Dr. Solander, and Sidney Parkinson. Cook (2d voy.) visited Tahiti, Huaheine, Raiatea, Tahaa, Motuiti, - (in 177--), with the Forsters and Dr. Sparrman. Cook (3d voy.) visited Tahiti, Moorea, Bolabola (in 1776?), with Wm. Ellis, draughtsman, who made drawings, but apparently preserved no specimens. Vancouver visited Tahiti in 179--, with Archibald Menzies as sur- geon (and semi-naturalist). Voyage of the 'Coquille' visited Tahiti (May, 1823) and Bola- bola; R. P. Lesson and P. Garnot, naturalists. Kotzebue (2d voy.) visited Society Ids. in 182--; Eschscholtz appears to have been naturalist. Voyage of the 'Beagle' visited Tahiti, in 183--; Chas. Darwin accompanied it. Voyage of the 'Vénus' (under Capt. Abel du Petit-Thouars), vis- ited Tahiti, Aug. 29-Sept. 17, 1838; Dr. Néboux, surgeon (and naturalist?). Voyage of 'Astrolabe' and 'Zéléé' (under Capt. J. Dumont d'Ur- ville) visited Tahiti (Aug.-Sept., 1838); Hombron and Jac- quinot, naturalists.

-2- Voyage of the 'Sulphur' (under Sir Edward Belcher) visited Ta- hiti April 5-May 8, 1840; Dr. Hinds collected specimens. U. S. Exploring Expedition visited Tahiti, Bellingshausen, Moorea, in 183--; Peale and Pickering, naturalists. Voyage of the 'Novara' visited Tahiti about 1857-59; Johann Zele- bor, naturalist, and von Hochstetter and von Frauenfeld also accompanied it. Voyage of the 'Challenger' visited Tahiti about 1872-76; H. N. Moseley was one of the naturalists. Agassiz Expedition to the Tropical Pacific, visited Tahiti, Bola- bola, Maitea, in 1899; Dr. C. H. Townsend, naturalist. He spent a half hour on Maitea (or Mehetia), but was apparently occupied in making observations for Agassiz, for he only shot one bird, a booby. He thinks it "may be worth a careful exam- ination by the ornithologist." On Bolabola he spent "a whole afternoon of diligent exploration" for birds, but found only three land species--one of them introduced. This island is said to be difficult to travel over, owing to the nature of the surface, hence more time will be necessary to examine it thoroughly. F. D. Bennett visited Tahiti, Raiatea, and Tahaa, in 183--. Of the last named, he says (I, p. 163) "some of the land birds which inhabit the more interior and elevated woods have a

-3- varied and gaudy plumage; while others, with a more sombre garment, possess a melodious voice, not unlike that of our thrush or blackbird; but neither kind is sufficiently num- erous to repay the exertions of the sportsman or ornitholo- gist." Andrew Garrett collected on Raiatea, Huaheine, Bolabola, Motuiti? and Moorea, though he does not seem to have done much on some of them; probably he had the same sentiments as expressed by Bennett in the preceding paragraph. James H. Wodehouse (Brit. Consul at Raiatea) sent 10 species of birds from Huaheine and Raiatea to London, about 1863, but they were collected by Garrett (doubtless the Andrew Garrett mentioned above). M. J. Nicoll visited Tahiti (March 30-April 17, 1903), in the Earl of Crawford's yacht, but "On applying for leave to shoot, I was much disappointed to be told that a law had just been passed to forbid the killing of birds, and that the Governor was "unable" to make an exception in my favor." Nicoll says (of Tahiti) "I saw very few birds of any sort about the seaboard, and it was stated that of late years the rats had killed nearly all of them." Scott B. Wilson visited Tahiti and Bolabola in 1904, a year after Nicoll, and with the aid of the Brit. Consul got a "permis

-4- special" from the Acting Governor. Odd material has come from this group from one Young, Lt. Mar- olles, and sailors, etc. Most of the naturalists who have visited Tahiti have added little or nothing to a knowledge of its ornithology, and few of them appear to have ventured into the mountains. A careful exami- nation of the latter will bring to light more information regarding the Tubinares mentioned by Peale, but also perhaps disclose several unknown genera of forest birds, such as was done in the island of Hawaii a few years ago. The avifauna of Hawaii was long looked upon as fairly well "known", but upon applying modern collecting methods to it about ten hitherto unknown genera were brought to light, and some of the supposed extinct species were found to still exist in small numbers. The same experience is likely to be re- peated on any of the larger or well-forested islands in Polynesia. Somewhere on the island of Tahiti there may be found a suitable tract, marsh or water-surrounded spot, where cats and pigs have not yet quite exterminated some of the species found by Forster and early visitors. There are only a few records from Bellingshausen and Tubai, one each from Marua and Maitea, with none at all from Mopeha', Tapamanu, and Tetuaroa (except possibly a lory). Maitea seems a seems a likely place for some of the old species described by

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-5- Forster from Tahiti and Moorea, such as the rails, ground pigeons, and parrots, not to mention the almost unknown starling (Aplonis). Bellingshausen, formerly, at least, abounded in "birds" probably sea birds, which were "very tame", according to Findlay. Tetuaroa may not amount to much, ornithologically, unless for rails or sand- pipers.

-6- (24) Society Group. (French) Nos. 1-5 = Windward (or Georgian) group. Nos. 6-13 = Leeward (or Society) group. Climate hot and moist, but healthy. Gov't accounts in francs, but business until recently carried on in Chilian dollars. (no Chilian coinage may now be imported into the ids.). Said to be all volcanic in origin. Aimeo [= Eimeo] Amat (Isla d') [= Bonecheo's name for Tahiti.] Auera (islet of Marua, n. w. side. 13. Bellingshausen (atoll; 4 low coral ids.; closed lagoon; coco- (muts and other vegetation; about 3 mi. diam.; (uninhab. "Birds are very abundant and very (tame." In good weather boats can land on the (W. N. W. side. 9. Bolabola (7 mi. x 5.5 mi.; Mt. Pahia wooded and 2416 ft.; Mt. (Temanu is 2379 ft.; more craggy than other Society (ids.; E. side has a barren appearance, but W. side (is more fertile; inhab. Borabora (With 13 or more Islets: Teviaroa. Tupua (in Teavamui harbor). and others Bolabela [= Borabora] Boudoir (Le)[= ? Maitea] Dezena [= Maitea] Ducena [= Maitea] Duke of York [= Moorea] Eimayo [= Moorea] Eimeo [= Moorea] Emao [= Moorea] Fatufatu (rocky islet of Tahaa. Fema ino (wooded islet of Tahiti, opposite Tomotai valley. Femua ura {atoll; circ. reef, with various small ids.; 6-7 mi. {diam. closed lagoon; uninhab. Scilly "Very low and dangerous." Fugitiva (of Quiros) [May = Tetuaroa?] George's [= Tahiti] Georgian: name given by Cook to Tahiti and the s. e. group. Haaio {volcanic islet on s. coast of Raiatea. Horea {islet on w. coast Raiatea.

(doner?) .qver? yrelco? (38) .qyot [natgro? to] bremrW = 2-1 .ek .qro? (velco? xo) breweD = 2f-3 .ok .yirfeD dud ,ynlo? hua tod etaric beruen yDnuee? Litu? zaeland iad ,zonsi ni adnpoea ?'vo? rpeil ed wen yea vgerieo nalfib? on) .aeLlIb neillK ni .:.abi oit oini .nigro ni olmezDy Ila ed oy blis [overK = ] oeimA [.19HNI not amen a'eadosbo? =] ['h sfei) JsmA .ebis .w .n ,armai Yo teDei) erenA :nocgal beecio ;:abi Daroo wol & :floja} neesadgnified ,SI b .in ? juoda iroktatoyev raela hua aini) y hua Jnahuda yiew ene eKif?" .daDinty; o hozi huo ajed nadiaw boq ni "smes} .ebis .w .H .W) .:? 5I& hua beboow alder .JM +.im 2.0 x .lm Y) aiodeled .? co? zuiro uani ygavt erem :.?T YVEZ ai mumeT} .W duf ,eoneracqpa horrad a smi abie .& ;:abi) .dadni :efjner erem ai) .eerelve? raedal erem to 5I dsiW) sroderoD xai iznevae? ni) soyu? araifo hua [aredaio? = ] aledaioH [soTall ? =] (ed) riahveD [aejiM = ] mreeD [aejM = ] wrecoD [aerooM = ] York to cki? [aerom = ] eyneK [aerooH = ] oeimA [aeroW = ] onni .aaial Yo teiei (coz) aiaintye .yailew inamoT einaqqa ,iilna? to teiei babooW) oni amne? .ba ?-5 ;:abi Ilae? apeiver AJW ,teax,orio :ilots) uhi sune? .daDinu nuogal beacif .zaih) ".nooregma hua wol yreV" yilic? [Ycoemter = yam] [aoYin? to) aTifiyA [i?ida? = ] s'eignce? ,peby ,e .e edi hua, iilaD of zooD yd neviy mnuo inalyrooo .deLail to jason ,a no teiei oinzofer ciasm} .aefail taoc .w no teiei) aereH

-7- Howe [= Mopeha] Huabane [= Huaheine] 6. Huaheine (20 mi. circ.; barrier reef surrounds id.; hilly Huabane ((2331 ft. high); wooded (especially on n. part); Huahine (inhab. Plenty of hogs, dogs and dom. fowls at large, Vahine (as early as 1773. (Islets: Maora (on e. reef) Motu Pahare (on e. reef) Peihi (on w. reef) Taiahu (on e. reef) Topati (on e. reef) Vaiorea (on w. side) Motu Vavara (on e. side) Huahine [= Huaheine] Huahine-iti (islet of Huaheine; inhab. and had hogs on it in 1822. (May be a syn. of Peihi? Ile de la Reine [= Motu uta] Imaio [= Eimeo] Iriru (islet on s. side Faaroa bay, Raiatea. Itiahi (islet at entrance of Maupiti Lagoon. King George [= Tahiti] Lord Howe [= Mopeha] Low Id. [= Motu uta] Mahea (islet of Tahaa. Mahipoa [= Mopeha] Maiaiti [= Tapamamu] Maio [= Tapamanu] Maioiti [= Tapamamu] 1. Maitea (7 mi. diam.; is a volc. peak about 1600 ft. high; coco- (mut and other trees abound on e. side; with rocky islets (off s. point; on e. and s. sides the slopes end in (vertical cliffs; N. side is very steep; little or no (level beach; now inhab. (Hydr. Pilot) Townsend says ("well forested", and "uninhabited". ?Boudoir (Le) Dezena Ducena Mehetia Mehitia Osnaburg Osnaburgh ?Pis de la Boudeuse. San Cristobal Manini ids. (off n. w. side of Bolabola. Maora (islet on e. reef of Huaheine. Maowrooah [= Marua] Mapeti (islet in Alfa pass, n. coast of Tahiti.

adeyom = ] swol enidanm = ] enadanm nifid ;.bi abnnoqwa teer tolrmad ;.ozlo .im OS ) enledunm .o Jtex .n no yilalooqe) debooW ;(dpid .jt [SSS) ) enadam sa aiwol .mob hne aghob ,aGon to yhnofy .dadul) enidam .EVYf as ytrae sa) enideV (Teer .e no) avoMk :tefaI (Teer .e no) ernde? nJoM (Teer .w no) hle? (Teer .e no) miale? (Teer .e no) ijaq? (abia .w no) aorVeloV (abia .e no) avavaV ntoM [enidanm = ] enidanm ni ji no sgod haa hna .dadul ;eniedanm he tefaI) isi -enidanm Ydile? to .rya a ed yal) [nio nJoM = ] enie? of ob efi [oecll = ] ohanl .deejeah .vad norqall abia .e xo tefaI) nnixi ,roooal idiqnll lo sanwJne sa tofaI) ihsilj [idiM = ] avrooG yuik [nleyom = ] ewol brod [ain nJoM = ] .bi wol .aadaT to teFaI) oedli [adeqom = ] aeqidam [mamaqal = ] ilaleil [meraga? = ] oiam [mamaqa? = ] fiolailm o ;dgin .jt 008I dnoda (soq .oLoy a ai ;.maih .im V) aeMlM .i i yfeor nJiw ;abia .e no Dnoda neort redfo hna Jim) ni hne segola odt sebia .a hne .e no ;idloq .a ?to ] .n to eijjII iqeea yrev ai abia .H ;atllio feeldrev) sa breaawot (toIH .zbyH) .damil won ;dased lveal ."Besidminim" hne ,"Beswrol ifew" (ed) :Icibno? arewe aseon aijerol aiifell girwana :gyudanso .enahmof ai ob sJY faioaia? nsa .afodafod to abla .w .n ?lo) .abi inial .enledanm to Teer .e no jefal) swol [arral = ] hacoowad .iiidM2 to Jasoq .n ,aseq aTiA nI JofaI) ijaqai

-8- Marion [- Tupua] Marna [= Marua] 11. Marua (7 x 5.5 mi.; volcanic; 830 ft. high; inhab.; has Maowrooah (reef with seven or more islets; hills wooded to Marna (summits; numerous rugged cliffs on coast; northern Maupili (islets on reef are mostly wooded. Maupiti Islets: Auera (on n. w. reef). Itiahi (at Maurau entrance to lagoon). Maurua Téapaa and Te Iti ahé (on s. e. side) Tuanae (on n. e. reef) Mauniti [= Tapamamu] Maupili [- Manua] Maupiti [= Marua] Maura [= Mopéha] Maurau [= Marua] Maurua [= Marua] Mehefia [= Maitea] Mehtia [= Maitea] Mobidie [= Mopeha] 4. Moorea (rugged and mountainous; almost triangular; about 9 mi. (on a side; with barrier reef; one peak 4000 ft. high; (various others between 2000 and 3000 ft; thickly wooded, (tho some peaks are bare; inhab.; (fowls, goats and pigs (are wild in the mtns). Aimeo. Duke of York. Eimayo. Eimeo. Bmao. Imaio. Morea. Murea. York. 12. Mopeha (10 x 4 mi.; atoll; many low ids. on a reef surrounding (a lagoon; on e. side of reef are many coconuts; on n. (and w. sides are numerous islets, many of them covered (with brush and various trees; inhab. at times by turtle (hunters. Howe. Lord Howe. Mahipoa. Maura. Mobidie. Mopelia. Mopiha. Mopelia [= Mopeha] Mopiha [= Mopeha] Morea [= Moorea]

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-9- Motea (islet at entrance to Hamene Bay, Tahaa. Motu Araara (islet off s. end of Huaheine. Motu Ahi (wooded islet of Moorea. Motu au (small wooded islet of Tahiti. Motu nono (wooded islet of Tahiti. Motu Pahare (see Pahare). Motu Puuru (wooded islet of Tahiti. Motuiti [= Tubai] Motu Oavarei (wooded islet off n. e. side of Huaheine. Motu Tehiri (islet of Tahiti. Motu uta (islet of Tahiti; has a battery on it, and is (planted with cocumts. Ile de la Reine } synonyms of Motu uta. Low Id. Murea [= Moorea] Nansouti (wooded islet on barrier reef of Tahiti. Nansouty Nansouty [- Nansouti] Naonao (islet on s. reef of Raiatea. La Nouvelle Cythere (of Bougainville) [- Tahiti] Oatara (islet on extreme e. of reef of Raiatea. Oputotara (islet of Tahiti, on s. end of barrier reef. "Oriadea" [= Raiatea] Osnaburg [= Maitea] Osnaburgh [= Maitea] Otaha [- Tahaa] Otahaitee [- Tahiti] Otahau [- Tahaa] Otahaw [- Tahaa] Otaheite [- Tahiti] Otaheitee [- Tahiti] Oumaitai (of Bougainville) [= Tetuaroa] Pahare (islet on e. reef of Huaheine. (or Motu Pahare) Papeorea (islet on s. w. end of Huaheine; 60 ft. high; (wooded; inhab? (possibly same as Vaiorea.) Peihi (islet on w. reef of Huaheine. Peregrino (of Quiros)[May = Femua ura] Pis de la Boudeuse [= ?Maitea] Pitu u Uta) small islets at s. end of Bola Bola. Pitu u Tai) 7. Raiatea {30 mi. circ.; encircled by a reef; 3389 ft. high; (of volcanic origin; inhab.; lofty and well-vegetated (mtns. in the interior, with occasional naked cliffs (and crags of black rock; highest peak has level plain (on summit, covered with swamps, short grass and moss. (On same reef with Tahaa.

-6- .endat ,yal enoma! ov emartne ja tefei) aofoh .enoledam to bus .e ylo tefei) ezesA nioh .enoomk "o tefei bahoow) ikk nioh .ikidat to tefei bahoow (Iamu) ne nioh .fildat To tefei bahoow) onok nioh .(enain! ass) strain! nioh .isidae to tefei bahoow) nrin! nioh [isdn! =] isluoh .enledam to obia .e .u ylo tefei bahoow) ietavaO nioh .ikidat to tefei) ikide! nioh st bus ,si no vreted a and ;isidae to tefei) aid nioh .stnoose dhw betnaic) .etu nioh to emyongva {enied af eb efi {.bi voi [enoomk =] enomi .isidae to keet rehtred no tefei bahoow) iencanli vTreoannl [iencann! =] vTreonanl .enofale! to keev .e no tefei) onooH [ilhidat =] (aifivnagood yo) stonryO olfevonk ai .enofale! to keev to .e amartxe no tefei) aroeoO .keev rehtred to hce .e no ,isidae to tefei) aradofnpO [enofale! =] "asbaK"o [aojlam =] yurdanoo [aojlam =] dyurdanoo [andat =] enaio [ilhidat =] eoijadaio [andaf =] naiafo [naadl =] wanajeO [ilhidat =] olledadeo [ilhidat =] oeiledaeo [aonanjel =] (aifivnagood Yo) ladleuoO .enoledam to keev .e no tefei) strain (strad! nioh zo) skid ,si 08 ;enledam! to bus .w .e no tefei) seosqeH (.enoelav as omu yfdraoo) yedni ;bahoow) .enoledam to keev .w no tefei) ikide [aoj sumat = yoll](aorinO Yo) oniygoei [aojlamN =] saneanoe af eb aiH .nioh afoh to bus .e is tefei! Iamu (sjU w nA14 (ist h nA15 :pdid ,ki C88E ;keev e yd beloxiade ;,orio ,in 0C) saJalek .V edegav-Ilew bna q'fofi ;.dmik ;ulgiro pimeofv Yo) llle hewen immolassoe dhw ,yeinaoi aHt ai .aHd) q Ievel and keev teouin ;pfor olaid ai at bus r hnc seanu drocs ,agura dhw berevoa ,Jhuru no ) .sadei diiv keev oman nO)

-10- Ioretea "Oriadea" Uliatea Ulieta Ulistea Yoolee-Etea Islets: Haaio (on s. coast) Horea (on w. coast) Iriru (on Faaroa bay) Naonao (on s. reef - wooded) Oatara (on e. reef) Tahaa (on same reef with Raiatea) Taoru Tetaro (on n. e. of reef) Tiano (on w. coast) Tipamau (on Fairoa bay) Toamaro (on W. side) Torea (on w. coast) sandy islet Sagittaria [ = old name for Tahiti] San Cristobal [= Maitea] Saunders [ = Tapamamu] Scilly [ = Fenua ura] Sir Charles Saunders [ = Tapamam] Tabuaimanu [ = Tapamamu] Tagiti (Bonecheo's name for Tahiti). 8. Tahaa (on same reef with Raiatea; volcanic origin; 1936 ft. (high; inhab.; many islets on n. side; about half the (size of Raiatea and not so fertile; Otaha (about 15 mi. circ. Otahau Islets include, Fatufatu, Motea, Tautu, Otahaw Toahotu;-many of them are wooded. 2. Tahiti (33 mi. long; high (Mt. Orohena 7320 ft.); wooded; (guava bush (introduced) has spread over much of the (land; inhab.; tops of most of the mtns. and ridges (barren in Cook's time. (Natives had tame hogs, dogs (and fowls when Cook was there in 1769. He said "wild (fowls" were scarce and confined to a few species." (Dogs, pigs and fowls occur in a wild state in the mtns. Amat (Isla d') Islets: Fenua ino. George's. Mapeti King George. Motu NonO (wooded) Nouvelle Cythere Motu uta Otahaitee Nansouti Many small coral Otaheite Oputotara islets on n. coast, Otaheitee Tiere and covered with Sagittaria Veriararu coconuts. Tagiti Taiahu (islet on e. reef of Huaheine. Taoro [ = Taoru] Taoru (islet of Raiatea. Tapamanoa [= Tapamamu]

-01- astrolI "sehelT0" nojelIU stelIII astelIU aofK-selooY (jasoo .e no) olnaH :etefal [jasoo .w no] enoHII [yad mortae' no] mTI1 abeow - Teet .e no) osnoelI [teex .o. no) stede) [difw Teex emm no) etie2T moaT? (teer To .e .n no) otnaet [jasoo .w no) onHII [yad mortae' no] mmaegIT [ebIa .W no] enmsol yams (jasoo .w no) eereI [idhneT To' mmn aIo =] elzattge [settel =] IedotelTO ase [mmeqat =] erabmme? [eve mme' =] yIIl08 [mmmqal' =] arahnael seIteD x18 [mmeqal' =] mmamlaetT .((dhia Toi emm s'oedneO) lTege? 8e9EI ;ufgiro olnafoov ;etelak difw Teex emm no) sadat? .8 lIml Tuoda jebla .n no etefal yrom ;.dani ;fgid) :eflretT os ton hme etelaH To eais) .oric .hm aI (Tuoda) enafo T ,neloK ,udatuJH' ,abvImi atefal edatJo aboow ere manT 'To ymm-:uTone? wnaJo beboew ;(.iT O3eV annorO .m) dgid ;yaeI .hm 2C) ILLEF .S To dam nove bwaro ead (baonhornt) deud avang) gHh hme .anm edj 'to Jeem 'to sqo? ;.dani ;haef] ,ayoi emaj barI sevtlaK] .emit s'xoo0 ni neviq bma ell .e9VI ni eredt asw xooD kehw eIwoT hme) eiceqa wot a ot benImoo bus eoroea etew "aiwot) eda ni esJta hiw a ni mmoo afwor hme egly ,sqo? ,etl annol' :etefal ['A elal] TnnI Hdeqll 'a erT0e eboow) onel nfol King George. sw noH Kongvile O'yhere Ilmm ynaM IdceunH oeIIaJ0 no atefal enetodoQ oIIedao bezavoo hme exel? oeIledao .etmroco mmxleV elzattge lTegeT .emlanuK 'to Toex .o no :etal) mlael [moaT =] oloet ,delalI 'To telal] moat [mmmeqal' =] emmmeqal

-11- 5. Tapamamu (6 mi. long; hill with double peak in centre (780 ft.) (wooded to summits; lower ground with many coconuts; (inhab.; once used as a penal settlement; barrier (reef about 1 mi. from shore. Maisiti Maio Maiaoiti Maioiti Mauti Saunders Sir Charles Saunders Tabuaimanu Tapamanoa Tapoca-manoo Topoamanan Tubuaimanu Tapoca-manoo [ = Tapamamu] Tautu (islet on n. w. of outer reef of Tahaa. Teanno [= Tiano] Té Apaa (wooded? islet of Marua, on s. e. side) Te Iti Ahé (islet on s. e. side of Marua.) Tetaro (islet on n. e. of reef of Raiatea. Tetaroa [ = Tetuaroa] Tethuroa [ = Tetuaroa] Tetiara [ = Tetuaroa] Tetiroah [= Tetuaroa] 3. Tetuaroa (reef surrounding a lagoon without entrance, with (12 islets; atoll like those of Tuamotu group; small, (low; uninhab. except at times by fishermen and im- (ported labor; wooded (coconut trees, etc.) about (6 mi. long by 3 mi. wide. ?Fugitiva Oumaitai Tetaroa Tethuroa Tetiara Tetiroah {Toooteterooah? {Tubuititiruba? {Tubutitiruha?} These spellings all refer to one island, situated one day's sailing distance from Tahiti--probably Tetuaroa. Teveiroa [= Teviaroa] Teviaroa (low islet of Bolabola, with scanty vegetation. Tiano (islet on w. coast of Raiatea. Teanno Tiére (islet of Tahiti. Tipaemau [ = Tipamau] Tipamau (islet at Fairoa Bay, Raiatea. Toahotu (islet off Tahaa.

-II- [illegible] .im 0) namanqalT .A [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] v18 [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] "usamaqalT =" oonam-ooqalT .aaialT to teot taimo to .w .k no tofai) sminT "omaiT =" onmaT (abia .s .s no ,aunaal to tofai )abooow) aqqa olT (.acralT % abia .s .s no tofai) aaA iji ot .aaialaH to teot to .p .k no tofai) onateT "nortaeT =" nortaeT "nortaelT =" aourijeT "nortalalT =" aoralfeT "noralTeT =" aorlieT riw ,aomanae trodiw nooqai s yrihamoytus teot) noraiaelT .A : iqpeus aomaiT to saods milf llota ;atofal AI) .hma naumonalkY vd amait ta tqecxo .damniim ;wol) ada (.oie ,aeerH imooeo) babaow ;todal baqoq) .eliw .hm 0 vd ymoI .hm 0) avidigalT badlam0 aoraelT aouriteT aoralTeT dmorilTeT [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] "yadmiriiloerT" [illegible] "yadmirilaerT" "noralfeT =" aorieveT .noldalegav ylnaoo dliw ,alodefod to tofai wol) noraiveT .aaialaH to tando .w no tofai) omait onmaT .abiieT to tofai) exeiT "nanaqilT =" nanamqilT .aaialaH ,yaa aorlaiT ja tofai) namanqilT .aadlT %o tofai) ptonsolT

-12- Toamaro (islet off w. side of Raiatea. Toohooteterooa (of Vigors) [= ? Tetuaroa] Toopbai [= Tubai] Topati (islet on e. reef of Huaheine. Topoamanan [= Tapamanu] Torea (islet on w. coast of Raiatea. Tuanae (wooded islet on n. e. reef of Maupiti. 10. Tubai (several lagoon ids.; reef without opening; about (4 x 4 ids.; coconuts; uninhab. except at intervals (by fishermen and coconut gatherers. Motuiti Toopbai Tupai Tubuai mamu [= Tapamamu] Tubuititiruba [= ? Tetuaroa] Tuhutitiruha (of Finsch) [= ? Tetuaroa] Tupai [= Tubuai] Tupua (wooded islet in Teavami harbor, w. coast of Bolabola. Marion. Tupua iti (islet near Tupua. Uliatea [= Raiatea] Ulieta [= Raiatea] Ulietea [= Raiatea] Umaitia (of Bougainville) [= Tetuaroa] Vahine [= Huaheine] Vaiorea (islet on w. side of Huaheine (see Papeorea). Vavara (islet on e. side of Huaheine. (or Motu Vavara) Veriararu (islet of Tahiti. Yoolee-Etea [= Raiatea] York [= Moorea]

-31- .medjaf to abla .w 'to teial) otanodT [ezamteT ? = ] (stomIV to) anooerejooodocT [bandT =] ladqoefT .arlledaH to leer .e no teial) ijaqof [mmmaqaT =] naamaaqofT .medjaf to jaaos .w no teial) xexofT .iihquaV to leer .e .n no teial hebcow) enanT odae ;ymimeg zrodliw 'toor ;:abi moqal Lseves) bandT .Oi 'wedl is mqexo .daxknu ;ajmcooo ;:abi & x #) .averelag fmpceo hna neurebalY vd) itindaf ladqocfT laqrT [mmmaqal =] maa bandT [ezaaJef ? = ] adritiljIndiT [ezaadaf ? = ] (aanlE to) adrilIJaodT [lendT = ] laqT ledafeT to jaaos .w ,rodial lmvavaei zi teial hebcow amqT .noltak .amqT teas teial) izt anqvT [aefalaf = ] aeJallU [aejlaH = ] aJellU [aejalH = ] aeJellU [ezaadef = ] (oIIlvnaqod to) alJiamU [aJledanH =] auJdaV .(aexoeqaT eoa) enlledaH to abla .w no teial) xexlaV .enleDanH to abla .o no teial) aJavaV (aJavaV mJol to) ,ifila? to teial) nveaJreV [aejlaH = ] aeJE-aeJool [aeJoofl = ] xvol

-13- (24) SOCIETY GROUP. PHASIANIDAE. Gallus tahitiensis Hartlaub. (type locality: Tahiti) Gallus tahiticus Cassin, U. S. Expl. Exped., Mamm. & Orn., 1858, 290, and text fig. This wild fowl of Tahiti had certain characters (shape of comb, etc.) that caused Hartlaub and Cassin to bestow names on it. The latter says "In the Collection of the Expedition we find a well characterized specimen from Tahiti," but this bird was miss- ing from the Museum as early as 1860 (or thereabouts) and has not yet come to light. TRERONIDAE. Bougainville (1768) found at Tahiti "green turtle doves" and "large pigeons of a deep blue plumage and excellent taste." Ptilinopus purpuratus (Gmelin). (Type locality: "australis intra tropicos." Moorea: Wilson got several. Tahiti: Forster; Voy. 'Coquille'; Filleux; 'Challenger'; Townsend; Wilson, etc. Wilson found it common in the Hitiaa district. Ptilinopus chrysogaster Gray. (Type locality: "probably from Otaheite" = Tahiti.) Bolabola: Wilson? Huaheine: Wodehouse; Garrett.

-14- Raiatea: Forster?; Wodehouse; Garrett; Wilson. Wilson says that on Bolabola and Raiatea he found a form of P. purpuratus "with more yellow" on the underparts. He probably referred to this species. Some of the earlier writers (Latham; Forster) refer to a bird from Raiatea that had a darker purple cap. (Cf. Wiglesworth, Ibis, 1891, 571; Salvadori, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxi, 1893, 108, note.) ?Serresius R. forsteri (Wagler). (Type locality: Tahiti.) Tahiti: Forster. Forster's description agrees fairly well with S. galeatus from the Marquesas Ids. (cf. Salvadori, Cat. Birds, xxi, 173, note), and Wiglesworth recognizes it as the same. More material is required to settle this case, which may resolve itself into a stage of plumage of Globicera "wilkesi"- aurorae. The alleged species S.? R. forsteri is said to have ferruginous under tail-coverts, but there is no mention of the peculiar saddle-shaped feature (feathers projecting over the culmen) that pertains in the Marquesas bird. Immature birds of the Globicera aurora may, in some stage of plumage, agree with the bird described by Forster, in which case the name R. forsteri (named for Johann Reinhold Forster) may have precedence over aurorae (there are earlier Columba forsteri's, but no earlier G. R. forsteri). Globicera aurora (Peale). (Type locality: "Aurora or Maitia Island, one of the Society Group." = Makatea or Aurora of

-15- the Tuamotu group.) Tahiti: Peale; Wilson. The Peale party found this species in forests in the mountains, at altitudes of 3000 to 4000 feet; Wilson (in 1904) was the next man to find it. He thinks it rare and shy, in the district of Hitiaa (in July), and predicts its speedy extinction, as the natives are fond of its meat. Possibly the present laws prohibiting shoot- ing of birds may also apply to this species, and give it a new lease on life. Globicera wilkesi (Peale--type locality Tahiti) is said to be a synonym of G. aurorae (cf. Wetmore, 1919), and this is very likely time. A good series of both sexes and of various ages will help to clear up this matter, and also perhaps settle the case of the sup- posed Serresius R. forsteri; finally it will assist in proving whether the birds from Tahiti and "Aurora" Island are exactly the same. ?Globicera, species. Peale says he "saw" G. "oceanica" at Moorea, where it is not known to occur. Possibly it was G. aurorae. PERISTERIDAE. (The ground pigeons of the genus Gallicolumba--formerly Phlegocenas--are old world representatives of our Geotrygon type. They are a plastic group, running into numerous forms and species in Polynesia, and are involved in much obscurity, owing to the

-11- [illegible] edit :llldT :eifse9 :noel2W edit adni qinaf qimq hamu' sibw eileeqa ni siereot ni el sidm edit ja to selbdilB ot OOCE of UCOA ;laet noel2W (ni 30EE) new edi war of sru dT lialt .dli oH mihl'i ji etar ham ,qi' ni el sidm to asidiii (qi'l ni) bna sibibeqq aji qbeers ,noilolixw an edit via qifdasoT edit ineeaq awal yuisiidiKory da eni lo'ni To adT .laem qni to ablia vam safa viqqa d'it eint ,setuega ham aji suig ji war .eli no easel sawdiiB jam(liw (7ee--aifse9 eqvi--yi'llooi iiliiaf ni bna di) jam,To( ,xronoW ,qieT) bna sldt el viow A .esit booy selree To dted soxes ham to anolm'w sega iiw jid rario qj sidi ,rejiam bna osia sqadreq aiiF edit to esac To eut boeaq siidaerKk ,liedsoT :qi'fani ji iiw selnes ni alivora reditaw d'd abild morn liilde bna "anmNA" bmafI exa yidase ni ,esms ,mien/colB ,eeloega elofe qye aD "wee" ,o 'sainsooo' ja ,za-ooli ,erebe il al jon inwmi od ,noooo .qifdasoi ji d'ew ,o .anvmau .MADINENLHNE (ot bueoc'aq aneeiq to edit) amueg (liiFiajlaa--nuii'neioT) EilwemaldB--sna hio bixow qeyizdineerqer to 'to unu' ,quoeq olisqi a eD yod ni ,alsemviol bna ere seivoni ni dsoe ,yl'umado and ot galew

-16- variations in plumage dependent on age and sex. Much more material will be needed to unravel them, if indeed it can be done at this late date, as a number of them are supposed to be extinct (owing to pigs and cats, etc.), and only drawings or descriptions left by early voyagers are available for comparison. Almost all of the species are rare in collections, and the birds are difficult to find, even when known to be present.) Gallicolumba erythroptera (Gmelin). (Type locality: Moorea.) "Eimeo" = Moorea: Latham (ex Banks Collection). A specimen in the Leyden Museum, said to be of this species, may be the only specimen now extant. Gallicolumba eimeensis (Gmelin). (Type locality: Moorea.) Moorea: Latham. Described as different from erythroptera, but very likely will prove to be a plumage of it. Gallicolumba "pectoralis" (Ellis drawings, No. 71). Moorea: Ellis. No specimen extant, and identity not satisfactory. It is unlikely that two or three species of this genus ever occurred on one island, and it is more probable that immature and adult plu- mages are confused in these alleged species. Gallicolumba "leucophrys" (of Wiglesworth). Tahiti: Forster. Wiglesworth recognizes this as distinct, as based on Forster,

-17- but Salvadori places the Forster references under G. erythroptera, although he recognizes the Tahitian species as distinct, under the heading "Phlogoenas sp.", and says it is only known from Latham's account, based on a specimen in Sir Joseph Bank's collection. Peale says "At Tahiti, the Garnet-winged Pigeon (Columba erythroptera, of Latham) was said to abound; they have in like manner been destroyed by cats introduced by early navigators, and since become wild, ...The Pigeons or Doves are now almost unknown, and the cats are driven to the necessity of feeding on lizards." RALLIDAE. Porphyrio, species. Raiatea: Garrett. Known from two immature skins, only, according to Wiglesworth (p. 62), hence not identified as to species. Hypotaenidia pacifica (Gmelin). (Type locality: Tahiti.) Tahiti: Forster. Probably not found since Forster's visit, and apparently no specimens exist in collections. Porzana tahitiensis (Gmelin). (Type locality: Tahiti.) Tahiti and adjacent islands: Forster. Its status is that of the preceding. PUFFINIDAE. Pterodroma rostrata (Peale). (Type locality: Tahiti.) Tahiti: Peale; Paris Mus. (ex Ribourt).

-18- Peale found it nocturnal, and breeding in October, at 6000 feet, or more, in burrows. This was in the vicinity of volcanic peaks, high up the river Popino. The Peale party crossed the island from Point Venus, Malavai Bay, following the course of the Popino, and crossing lake Waharea to the opposite coast at Wairidi. At 6000 feet or more, they found the breeding places of Phaethon, "Petrels", and a "Thalassidroma." ? Pterodroma cooki (Gray). (Type locality: New Zealand.) Raiatea: Garrett. Puffinus pacificus, subspecies. Moorea: Mus. Tristram; J. L. Green. Mathews says P. "chlororhynchus" = P. pacificus, and that the Society and Phoenix groups possess a subspecies, which he does not name. Puffinus species (var. of Procellaria gavia Forster). Tahiti: Forster. Forster was here Aug. 16 to Sept. 1, 1773, and April 22 to May 14, 1774. Puffinus species (var. of Procellaria gavia Forster). Raiatea: Forster. Forster was here from May 24 to June 4, 1774. Wiglesworth suggests this may be the Procellaria "obscurus" of Gmelin, but says the descriptions (of this and the preceding) are not sufficient

-1- 0008 sa ,vedo750 ni ynihoed hua ,lamu7oon ti ham' oheyi laseiov be yiniioiv edi ni saw ahi7 .seorioi ni ,evon to ,soel edi heanono v71ng eiced eli7 .eniqoi yavii edd ny dgi2 ,sioey to sanbo edi guinolle7 ,vdi leval5M ,amueV iai'i mori huaei de jaao eidequp edi oi sereden mial yuisso'e hua ,oniqoi edd aecely ynihoed edi hnoT yedi ,evon to taek 0008 sa .,l51iiM ".amohianai7" a hua ,"a1vixei",noridani to [.hsaaeei wdi :yi'fiooi egiT] .(yaeo) iieop amorbexei ? .stori2 teetiaM .seioqsoou ,amiliuqi ami7uri .aeod ,I .E ;merxii77 .aii :aetooi said hua ,amiiiqan .I = "aniinwi7kafid". I eyee avedoM ad dofiw ,seioqoum a uaeaoq squer5 xineoi' hua y'telo6 edi .evai don aeob .(redonx alim ainalianii to .nev) seioqsu amiiiuri .redoxi :ilideT or 12. lioga hua ,8YVI ,I .jue7 or 1i ,guA arid saw redoxo .,NYVI ,DI yaiM .(redonx alim ainalianii to .nev) seioqsa amiiiuri .redoxi :teetiaM al'owsepiiw ,NYVI ,I anil of 15 yel mori aved saw redoxo' and ,cileoO to "mihanda" alaiiaoqi edi ed vam aiid aibwqub la'iima san ava [yuihoberg edi hua aid to] sualigiroob'edi eyes

-19- for full identification. However, it appears there are (or were) two forms on these islands that Forster could discriminate as different from his P. gavia, although one of them may be equivalent to the subspecies of P. pacificus mentioned above. HYDROBATIDAE. Fregetta melanogaster (Gould). Tahiti: Forster. Under the name of Procellaria fregata Linn., Forster records it "ad littora insulae Otahaitee"; he was here Aug. 16 to Sept. 1, 1773, and from April 22 to May 14, 1774. Oceanodroma fuliginosa (Gmelin). (Type locality: Tahiti.) Tahiti: Latham. ? Taha: Bennett. Wiglesworth (1891) says it is a "species not yet identified by any modern writer." He queried it as possibly the same as Bulweria magillivrayi, but Stejneger (Proc. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 620) determined it as a species of Oceanodroma, on the basis of a specimen obtained from Torishima, Japan, and Salvin (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxv, 1896, 353) thought he was correct in this identi- fication. The species is colored like O. homochroa, but is much larger. Bennett refers to a "Procellaria fuliginosa" or "sooty petrel" he found at the island of Tahaa. Oceanodroma? species. Tahiti: Peale.

-20- Peale refers to finding a species, which he said was allied "Thalassidroma oceanica", in the mountains of Tahiti (6000 feet or more), in October, at the same locality where Pterodroma rostrata was found, but the specimens shot "fell in dense forests, thousands of feet below us", and were not found. They appeared to be breeding, but Peale did not find any nests. He described the birds as resembling oceanica, and says "rather larger, but all the under-parts were white." (Peale, 1848, p. 297.) On p. 156, he refers to the same species under another name, as T. pacifica. LARIDAE. Larus novae hollandiae Stephens. Society Islands? A specimen in the Mainz Museum (seen by Saunders) is said to have come from the Society Islands, but the locality is in doubt. Bennett (circa 1835) refers to "gulls" on Tahaa. STERNIDAE. Gyris alba pacifica (Lesson). Society Islands: Forster, etc. Bolabola: Forster. Huaheine: Forster. Raiatea: Young. Tahiti: Forster; Young; Wilson. Wilson found it fairly common.

-21- Megalopterus melanogenys (Gray). Raiatea: Young. ?Tahaa: Bennett. Anous stolidus pileatus (Scopoli). Society Islands: Forster; 'Novara' Exped., etc. Bellingshausen: Peale. Huaheine: Wodehouse. Raiatea: Young. Near Tahiti: Nicoll. [A. stolidus unicolor (Nordmann) is differentiated by some authors for the Society and Tuamotu bird.] Procelsterna cerulea teretirostris (Lafresnaye). Raiatea: Young (recorded by Saunders). Onychoprion lunatus (Peale). (Type locality: Kawehe, Tuamotus.) Tahiti: Garrett (recorded by Saunders). Thalasseus bergii rectirostris (Peale). (Type locality: Fijis.) Huaheine: Wodehouse; Garrett. Raiatea: Wodehouse; Garrett; Young. SCOLOPACIDAE. (G. Forster found "snipes" in "great plenty" along the shores and in the marshes on Raiatea, in Sept., 1773, and again in May, 1774.) Phaëopus tahitiensis (Gmelin). (Type locality: Tahiti.)

-16- [illegible] (.lrogoo?) nnisofu nnibofu amua ... (faint, backwards text ignored) .black : nnnmagnllifd .dunodohw : sanidamH .gnoY : motald .flootH : ilidst taeh [illegible] .oxld atonawT hae yjalcod ski vca stordpa .(eyanentai) alxtonilxoi enlicen enuialfeou .(atrabusa gd behroces) gnnoY : motald .odewH ryfllcoof eqyT) .[ilest] oyvuul uoJueodowH (.notmanT .(atxlnmud yd bebropes) tjertad : ilidst ryflcoof eqyT) .[leest] alifouitzem Jined erennaldT .stveriaD ;eanodehW :entlensH ,gnnoY :jttert@ joanodehw tasnaldH .SANIDAGEODE [illegible] (,SVYI .[ilest] ryflcoof eqyT) .[ulfeooD] alantlildal anuOaMk

-22- Tahiti: Forster. Prosobonia ellisi Sharpe. (Type locality: Moorea.) Moorea: Ellis. Sharpe based this species on a drawing made by Wm. W. Ellis, of a bird from "Eimeo" = Moorea. No specimens are known, and the bird is probably long since extinct. There is, and prob- ably always will be, doubt as to whether this is a distinct form, or only a phase of plumage of the following. Prosobonia leucoptera (Gmelin). (Type locality: Tahiti.) Tahiti: Forster. Only one ancient specimen extant, in the Leyden Museum. The species probably long extinct. Heteroscelus incanus (Gmelin). (Type locality: Moorea and Palmerston Islands.) Society Islands: Forster, etc. Huaheine: Garrett; Gould collection; Wodehouse. Raiatea: Forster; Bennett? Tahaa: Bennett. Tahiti: Forster; Liverpool Mus.; Peale; Wilson. Bennett refers to a "Totamus" with blue legs, on Raiatea; probably this species. CHARADRIIDAE. Pluvialis dominica fulva (Gmelin). (Type locality: Tahiti.)

.tadnol :lIldel .na003 :yLl1e01 e9YT) .sqra0 iLiilE aiupdaorI .alIli :naooD ,? .dl y' ablu yalubh a na aeIoqg sklt bnoad ayqaIb ,aaoln dsa aaaleuqe oZ .aoo0K = "oaMl" noT brld a To ,aIlfa [leg] blt ,eL evoD) .JouIxe aogle ynof qIdadorg al huld adt hnn rvid souIseih a al sklt redtaw ot na iduh ,od likw avyEla vids .quIwoflot edt To oqamuq lo eaaq a yIne To .i.dIdET :ylIfao0l erpT) .(alImD) aaIhnaoal aiupdaorI .tadnol :lIldel ,nnuaIl nabhnl edt nt ,JouIxe naMsegu Ineleu ooo yInO .JonIxe ynof qIdadorq aeIoqg edT na a0ro0I :yLlIaa0l erpT) .(alImD) aaIhnaI aIpaa0r00I I.alhnaI nodaEafla? .ota ,tadnol :ahbnai yIeloO2 .aanada0W ;noITaElloE blsoD :YJelTaoD :eaIedaul YJJannel :radrol :naealroE .JJanuel :aada? .noaIN :laasT) .and IooqrvII :tadnol :lIlbdaT evaIn no ,agel arId dIw "anpua" a oT avTeL :JJannel .aeIoqg sklt qIdadorq .SaQlllDaaID rlldaT :yLlIao0l erpT) .(alImD) ayLUt aaIhaIab alIaJroLI

-23- Society Islands: Forster; Garrett. Tahiti: Forster. ARDEIDAE. Demigretta sacra sacra (Gmelin). (Type locality: Tahiti.) Society Islands: various collectors. Bolabola: Brit. Mus. Huaheine: Forster; Wodehouse. Raiatea: Forster. Tahaa: Forster; Bennett. Tahiti: Forster; Challenger exped.; Wilson. Wilson found it fairly common. Butorides stagnatilis (Gould). Tahiti: Peale; Wilson. Tahiti is the type locality of Peale's Ardea patruelis, a synonym of the above. Wilson found it at Lake Vairia, a crater lake, and along the mountain streams of Tahiti. ANATIDAE. ?Chaulelasmus couesi Streets. Tahiti: Forster. Forster observed a species that he identified as a gad- wall, but it was most likely a resident species, and for the present can be conveniently carried under the above name, as Wiglesworth has done, though in all probability it will prove to

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-24- be different. (See note under next species.) Anas superciliosa Gmelin. (Type locality: New Zealand.) Huaheine: Forster; Garrett; Wodehouse. Raiatea: Forster (in "great plenty"). Tahiti: Forster; Banks; Peale; Voy. 'Challenger'; Wilson; Townsend. Georg Forster records "great flocks of ducks upon the lagoon" of Huaheine, on May 16, 1774; and also that Jos. Banks got three at "one shott" on April 15, 1769, at Tahiti. Bennett says that a wild duck, differing in plumage from those of the coast, occurred at Vaihiria lake, on the highest mountain at the north end of Tahiti. Scott Wilson visited this crater lake, but mentions no unusual duck, though he found A. superciliosa fairly abundant in the district of Haapepe (in May), and "throughout the Tahiti group." Townsend saw A. superciliosa at Lake Vaihiria, though he did not collect any specimens. Wetmore recognizes the Society bird as subspecies pelewensis, but without Pelew birds for comparison. PHAETHONTIDAE. (Peale found at least one species breeding in the mountains of Tahiti.) Phaethon rubricaudus Boddart. (Type loc.: Mauritius.) Society Ids.: Latham; Peale. Tahaa: Bennett.

-31- [illegible] (un [illegible]) [illegible] [illegible] "we" [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] ("[illegible] [illegible"] ni) [illegible] [illegible] "[illegible]" ,yVY [illegible] :aJneS :redno' :iJineT .hoemwoT :noeIiW odl yeuJ unoh to aJeeiT Jheyr" abnuex redxe' yroob [illegible] ,not Juit oele hae ;AVYI ,Ol yel no ,eJieHniT to "nnoyAl ,jiineT te ,yVYI ,Ol TiqA to "zode eno" te eesit ten [illegible] [illegible] [illegible],roob Hliw a Juit ejee srooneJ smergid odS no ,eJel nixidieV te beryneoo ,jezoo edT to eeodI abJI SeetIy neeIV Jloob .jiineT to hae deYon edT je elJeumme .A huno' ed dyroed ,roob feneuur on emolteoo sud ,aJel :eeteo (yeI ni) egeqmil to tuIrviib edt ni teehende vIiteI neeIljeem neeIJeeme .A tee hneiwot "grouy Hideo' edT boodyrodt" hne .neeIJeeg yeu Teelloc Jon HlI ed dyrod ,eJIdieV odI te ,eJeneuer eoleqeem ee Hld yJeineJ edt eeInyoeer eromteV .noetreqoo to' ebIId weleT enedIw sud -KALITHOORCAIM [illegible] ni yrihoo'e neleeq ene JeeI je huno' eJeeI) [illegible] te [illegible] :oeI egVt) .Teeheod nehmoloedx noItedeJ .eeuei Jeemal :aJI yeoleo .eneed JeeeI

-25- Phaëthon æthereus Linnaeus. (Type loc.: Ascension Id.) Society Ids.: Latham; Peale. Tahaa: Bennett. ?Phaëthon lepturus Daudin. (Type loc.: Mauritius.) Tahiti: Nicoll--saw it at a distance, flying over "forest-covered peaks." SULIDAE. Sula leucogatra plotus (Forster). (Type loc.: near N. Caledonia.) Bellingshausen: Peale. Maitea or Mehetia: Townsend. Sula piscator (Linnaeus). (Type loc.: China Seas.) Society Ids.: Forster. Bellingshausen: Peale. Tahaa: Bennett. FREGATIDAE. Fregata ariel ariel (Gray). Lesser Frigate Bird. Huaheine: Wodehouse. Fregata, species. Tahaa: Bennett. Breeding at the time of Bennett's visit. This observer did not distinguish between the species of Frigate birds, and this reference may belong under the preceding species. ?BUTEONIDAE. Townsend says he saw a "hawk" on Tahiti, where it had been = Circus

{ "text": "-2-\n\n[illegible]\n\n\n[illegible]\n\n\n[illegible]\n\n\n[illegible]\n\n\n[illegible]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-26- introduced; he did not guess at the genus or species. LORIIDAE. Vini kuhli (Vigors). (Type loc.: "Toohooteterooha" Id.) ?Tetuaroa. Vigors described the species from "Toohoo- teterooha", said to be "situated a day's sail" from Tahiti. This name was changed to Tuhutitiruha by Finsch, and by others into Tubuititiruba. If this island is in the Society group, it probably is equivalent to Tetuaroa. Ogilvie-Grant (Ibis, 1913, 347) says "It seems pretty certain that the true home of V. kuhli is the Society Group in the Islands of Tahiti, Borabora, etc., where it is probably now extinct, and that it must have been imported subsequently to the Fanning Group." He does not give his reasons for this conjecture, nor his authori- ties for its occurrence in the Society group. Lesson cites Bora- bora as a locality for the species, but this has probably been looked upon as an error of locality by recent authors. The various small lories are favorite cage birds with the natives of various islands in Polynesia, and it will be difficult to establish the true homes of some of them. In this case, it is known that the bird was a native of Fanning Island at the time of its discovery, in 1798, and there is not much likelihood of its having been carried there before that time, unless by the ancestors of the Hawaiians, who may have brought birds with them on their voyage from the southwest.

-27- Phigys solitarius (Suckow). (Type loc.: "island of Feejee.") ?Tahiti: Latham. A Fijian species, introduced into the Tongas, and into Tahiti, if Latham was correct as to the locality. Coriphilus peruvianus (Miller). (Type loc.: "Peru" = Tahiti). Bolabola: Lesson; Garrett; Wilson; Townsend. Huaheine: Gould collection. Moorea: Garrett; Peale; Gray. Raiatea: Tahaa: Tahiti: Forster; Peale; Garrett. Had become extinct on Huaheine, Raiatea, and Tahaa by or before 1874 (Garrett); and Wilson says (1904) it is "without doubt" extinct on Moorea and Tahiti, but still occurs on Bolabola. Wilson was assured that a paroquet existed on Moorea a few years anterior to 1904. Wilson has described a C. cyaneus (later cyanescens) from Bolabola, but it proves to be the immature of the above (all blue, without white throat). PSITTACIDAE. Cyanoramphus erythronotus (Kuhl). (Type locality: "Nova Hollandia" = Tahiti). Raiatea: Forster. Tahiti: Banks; Forster; Marolles. The type was in Brit. Mus. (ex Bullock Mus.) at the time

""" """

-28- Kuhl described it, but has disappeared; one other is now in that museum, and two in Liverpool Museum (one of them coll. by Banks, and possibly the type); Lieut. Marolles got four or five at Tahiti about 1844, and this is the last record. ?Cyanoramphus magnirostris Forbes and Robinson. (Type Locality: Tahiti?.) ?Tahiti: Based on an ancient specimen in Liverpool Museum. Salva- dori (Ibis, 1907, 315) thinks it requires further examination. ?Cyanoramphus ulietanus (Gmelin). (Type locality: Raiatea.) ?Raiatea ("Ulietea"): Latham. One specimen in London, and another in Vienna (the latter, type of Latham's description), are the only ones known. Wiglesworth thinks that if it actually came from Raiatea, it may prove to be the young of C. erythronotus. ?Cyanoramphus cyanurus Salvadori. ?Tahiti: Mus. Liverpool. Salvadori is inclined to question this locality (Ibis, 1907, 316). The species occurs on Raoul, Meyer, and Macaulay Islands, in the Kermadec group, where "wild" cats have snuffed it out on at least one of the islands. CUCULIDAE. Urodynamis taitensis taitensis (Sparrman). (Type locality: Tahiti.)

-68- [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

-29- Bolabola: Lesson. Huaheine: Forster; Wodehouse. Tahiti: Forster. ?TYTONIDAE. ?Tyto alba lulu (Peale). "Tupai": Forster. This is doubtless the island Tubai or Motuiti, a few miles n. by w. of Bolabola, and apparently the only record of an owl for this group. The only other guess possible, is that Tubuai, in the Austral group is meant. MICROPODIDAE. (Forster and other early visitors collected or recorded edible-nest swiftlets from Tahiti, but it is not possible at present to correctly place these records under the several species.) Collocalia ocista Oberholser. (Type locality: Nukuhiva, Marquesas group.) Tahiti: Townsend. Collocalia leucophaea (Peale). (Type locality: Tahiti.) Tahiti: Peale. Collocalia thesnesia Oberholser. (Type locality: Tahiti.) Tahiti: Townsend. Collocalia francica spodiopygia (Peale). (Type locality: Upolu.) Tahiti: Peale.

-07- .nnaeM :inFodaeT ,emodedeB ;tessuT :edieLda .todaToT :lJiKeT .\NAI\NEVET .{ela9T} \NIBR \sIla pITr ,todaeT :"legoT" wol a ,tinzeM to leduT bufaL edT sseidnoH si adT ta no tucoM yNo edT qItneqqs bus ,sloadeT fo .w yd .u aeLim nudT daM si ,eIdiaeq zeauY teNso yNo edT .quoy eLb noi Iwo ,taeuM si quoya fereNa edJ si -\NAI\NEVET -eidbe deHseuR to dasefied avelsiy ytfoc redJo bus retqoY) ni juaesq no eidbaeq ded si zi zmi ,iTiadT moN' sdeftive zaen (.aelneqe feteven edJ veHun aBrasef esaeM soeLq ylfsetee ,eVihmIh :yTIlseol egYT) .\teIderqoD \sIlaN alFesolJo (.quoy sseNuPMa) .bneawTeT :iTiadT (.tiNiTa :yTIlseol egYT) .{ela9T} se\ndaqpeM alFesolJo .oleiT :iTiadT .{IINeT :yTIlseol egYT} .\teIderqoD aIneqedT alFesolJo .bneawTeT :iTiKeT yTIlseol egYT) .{ela9T} AlaeMiboa sniaNkT alFesolJo (.sloqT) .olaM :iTiKeT

-30- Scott Wilson found one of these species in great numbers in a ravine near Papehmi (Aug. 27, 1904), where their nests were attached to rocks, but inaccessible. Birds of this genus appear thus far not to have been recorded from other islands in the group. ALCEDINIDAE. Todiramphus veneratus (Gmelin). (Type locality: Apia-- error= Tahiti.) Bolabola: Lesson; Wilson (common). Huaheine: Forster. Raiatea: Forster. Tahaa: Forster; Bennett? Tahiti: Forster; Lesson; Peale; 'Challenger'; Townsend. Apia, Samoa, has been alleged as the type locality, but the species does not occur there. Latham's type is in the Vienna Museum. Possibly this is the form from Tahaa recorded by Bennett as "Alcedo rudis." Todiramphus tutus (Gmelin). (Type locality: Tahiti.) Bolabola: Lesson; Townsend; Wilson (common). Huaheine: Wodehouse; Garrett. Raiatea: Wodehouse; Garrett. Tahiti: Latham; Lesson, etc. "Tupuoi": Garrett. Wilson (1904) found this species "common throughout the

-02- [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] .(infect) asgiacmny. amicmar'bot. (.lididnt protre (tromor) moallW ;rcaand faridaioH .tatero? taetedanI .tortioN laseaMl VideamsH ;rtearo% iandaI nammoY ;'reuellemO' toLavi ;mossad ;rodrero% :ilidE) ld ,"iilael egqt ed3 ne begaiia need and ,nonbO ,eigA neuelV edi ei ei egyd a'mantAI .oieDI wsoo ioc soib nelpqga edi .amootI vomni vi balrnoae anmii nori em02, eil ei alid yidiasoY ".albm obnIA" on (.iildan? tyllieooI ergD) .,iullemO) amini ariemariboY .iimmooe) mosfiS ;(neemwoe ;moseaM farodaeOH .fierwII :sempodebOW :entendarI .fievmoO ;teemdiabotT :eeitalan .ade ,nonael mardai ri'lider .iivramO :"longyV" [illegible]

-31- Tahiti group." The island "Tupuci" may be a corruption of Tubai (= Motuiti). T. wiglesworthi Sharpe is a synonym of this species. HIRUNDINIDAE. Hypurolepis tahitica (Gmelin). (Type locality: Tahiti.) Tahiti: Forster, etc. Forster found it in the mountains. MUSCICAPIDAE. Pomarea nigra (Sparrman). (Type locality: Society Islands.) Marua: Voy. 'Coquille'. Tahiti: Forster; Peale, etc. Forster described the ♂ as Muscicapa atra and the ♀ or immature as M. lutea. SYLVIIDAE. Conopoderas caffra (Sparrman). (Type locality: Tahiti.) Huaheine: Wodehouse. Moorea: Latham; Banks. Raiatea: Forster; Garrett. Tahiti: Sparrman?; Forster?; Lesson; Peale; 'Novara' exped.; Wilson. Wilson (1904) found it fairly common in the Hitiaa district of Tahiti, but predicted that cats and "frequently occurring cyclones" will reduce it to extinction before many years have passed. The name caffra has priority over longirostris, but it is

[illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

-32- likely there are (or were) two or more forms on this group, since Conopoderas is quite plastic and easily splits up into races on various islands in other groups. PLOCEIDAE. (Introduced species.) Lonchura castaneothorax (Gould). Bolabola: Townsend. Tahiti: Townsend. Aegintha temporalis (Latham). Tahiti: Townsend. STURNIDAE. (Introduced species.) ?Acridotheres tristis (Linnaeus). Tahiti: Nicoll. Nicoll says "Minahs (Gracula)" had been imported and were abundant; probably this species was intended. ?EULABETIDAE. Aplonis? ulietensis (Gmelin). (Type locality: Raiatea.) Raiatea: Forster. Only known, apparently, from Forster's description and drawing. On the basis of the latter, Seebohm (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., v, 277, note, pl. xvi) introduced the species as a Merula; but Sharpe (Cat. Birds, xiii, 135, note) found in an old mounted specimen what he thought might be the actual type of Gmelin's name, formerly in the Banks collection. This he named Aplonis inornata, though it had already apparently received the name A. mavornata Buller. Wiglesworth points out that the description

-33- of Turdus ulietensis Gmelin (based on Latham) does not agree very closely with Sharpe's specimen, and he disposes of the case by continuing ulietensis as an Aplonis from Raiatea, of which no specimen is known, and recognizing A. inornata Sharpe as a species from an unknown locality in the South Seas. [illegible]

[illegible]

-34- (27) and (27a.) GENERAL NOTES ON TUAMOTU GROUP. Byron (about 1765) visited the King George Ids. (Takapoto and Takaroa), and found on one of them "a great number of parrots and paroquets, and several other birds, with a beautiful kind of dove that was exceedingly tame." The flies were very troublesome here. What the "parrots" and "paroquets" were is mere guess-work now; there are no modern records from either of these islands, though Townsend visited the near neighbor Tikei for a few hours. Carteret, in 1767, visited one of the Duke of Gloucester Islands (either Amamuraro, Amamurunga, or Nukutapipi), and found "There were many birds upon it so tame, that they suffered themselves to be taken by hand." Doubtless sea-birds. Bougainville, in March, 1768, found "thousands of birds were hovering about the shore" of Akiaki, which was covered with "level sand", with the interior thickly wooded. Commerson was his naturalist. Cook, in 1769, found near (s. e. of) Reao, "a Large flock of birds; they had brown backs and white Bellies. They fly and make a noise like Stearings [= Terns], and are shaped like them, only something larger. Saw likewise some black Sheerwaters and Several Man-of-war birds." (April 2, 1769.) On April 3, he saw two "Birds like Albetrosses; they were all white except the Tips of their wings

-37- [illegible] , (S)VI suna) moro? suryaq to veduq dawa e" adds to anq no hup? ha ,corua? has no habi infliued a d4w ,abrid wedic Inaven has ,stompoay has moro[illegible] qvev yvev aeli? ali " ,oma? vifribecae new javi prah .amed , (abrid know-shung wim ai areq "steppinq" hme "svrtag" adf jedV ,abdeli abud to veddle mo? ah-mpe? mibew on vta avd? ;non ,anpu no? a not tediC wedgten wen add hefiely hmeeWoy dnuod ,teaeuocll 3o qmi adf to odo hefialv ,70VI ni ,joxevuo has ,(liqpeteni so ,qmpumemi ,otatemena vedie) ahmali benetive yexs tedt ,anai ca ti noqp abrid yvev nrev ered?" ham? ,weild-ten anailood " ,hned vi navil ad of seivemadT yvev abrid to ahneamli" hunui ,06VI ,jovai ni ,elilvixmgoa ,eval" ddV hetven oqe jolde ,MabCA to "exuda add luoda prtevon add new nearecod .hebeow yifoiit veltedni add d4w ,"hmes .jeliayran 3o dealt aqrai a? ,oneR (to .e .n) teeu hamei ,06VI ni ,xooo ,abrid yvev ,medl eili begade ate ha , [anral =] agniapd edif selon a [illegible] , "abrid yev-to-maT add cleat to 81? adf iqoce edidw EA arev yant ;aeasbriedfa edif

-35- and Tails." On April 7, at Reitoru (or "Bird") Island, he found Fregata and "several other sorts" of birds here. Banks, Solander, and Parkinson were with him on this voyage. Cook (2d. voy.) visited Takaroa, April, 1774, with the Forsters and Sparrman. Voyage of the 'Astrolabe' and 'Zélée', visited Mangareva in August, 1838; Hombron and Jacquinot, naturalists. Voyage of the 'Sulphur', visited "Bow" or Hau Id., in 1840, and spent six weeks here or in the vicinity. Dr. Hinds did some collecting for Belcher the commander, but apparently not much. Dr. Adolphe Lesson, in the 1830's, spent four years as a ship surgeon, cruising the South Seas, and occasionally sending specimens to his brother, the naturalist. Most of his birds appear to have come from Mangareva, where he found or learned of about 18 species, which he enumerated under vernacular or native names. The U. S. Exploring Expedition visited a number of the islands in 1839: Ahii (Sept. 7), Aratika (Sept. 3), Arutua (Sept. 8), Pukapuka or "Dog" or "Honden" (Aug. 20, 21), Kawehe (Sept. 2), Makatea (Sept. 10), Manihi (Sept. 6), Napuka (Aug. 25), and Karaka (Aug. 30, 31). On some of these islands Peale and Pickering landed a couple of hours before sunset; on others they spent a couple of hours in the hottest part of the day; on one of them they were landed on a small islet apart from the main island, and on two of

-36- them they were able to land on two successive days. On Pukaruha, Rangiroa, Reao, Tiaro, Tetopoto, Tikahau, and possibly others Wilkes found it inconvenient to permit the naturalists to land; evertheless, Peale saw on Pukaruha "clumps of higher trees with close foliage", and "among them were large flocks of birds", doubt- less sea-birds. He could also see birds on Tikahau. At Pukapuka (Honden), where he made two landings and brought away more memo- ries than birds--having to swim to and from the boat--he says "the numbers of birds of various kinds found breeding there on the 20th of August were so great, that our readers would doubt the enumeration, were it attempted. The nests were on the trees, bushes, ground, and even amongst the masses of broken coral thrown up by the sea. ...The most conspicuous were "Frigate-birds," whose nests, constructed of a few sticks only, covered many of the trees by their number." Andrew Garrett appears to have touched at Niau, and possibly other islands, though he probably did little bird work. Lieut. MacFarlane, R. N., visited Ducie, in March, 1884. The Agassiz Expedition of 1899-1900 cruised among the islands of this group, affording Dr. Townsend, the naturalist, a hasty shot at birds here and there, but this like most of the expeditions that preceded it was not primarily adjusted to land exploration, and bird collecting had to be done almost by stealth. On Makatea, for instance, Townsend says "Our stay was too brief to permit of

-37- collecting more than a few yards from the shore", yet this island has "a length of five miles and is densely wooded, with many large trees." It is one "of the few elevated islands in the Paumotus, having a height of over 200 feet, with perpendicular cliffs along the north shore"; conditions that point to a some- what different fauna from the low coral islands. M. J. Nicoll visited Pitcairn in 1903, and Lieut. Vaughan, R. N., had sent a bird or two from the same island a few years before. A. E. Stephen visited Henderson in Sept., 1907, and sent about 6 birds in spirits to the Australian Museum. D. R. Tait and J. R. Jamieson touched at the same island in 1912. They were all interested in other things than birds, and only picked up a few specimens. The above probably covers a majority of the work done in the Tuamotu group--a group extending over a thousand miles of the Pacific, and numbering about 80 islands, mostly low and of coral formation, but varying more or less in places, and stretching from about 14° S. to 23° S. latitude. From this mass of islands we have bird records from about 23, only, leaving over 50 that are ornithologically unknown; and of the 23, there is not one that we can say is fully known. That these (and other Pacific) islands are not waiting in their primitive original condition to be explored at some time in the future is shown by the following

-38- extracts from a recent press notice. The place involved is Hikueru or "Bird" Island, 6 x 3 miles in extent, well wooded except at east and southeast sides, and is the residence of the administrator of this district. It is also one of the ornitho- logically unknown islands. "The opening of the pearl diving season, the great event of the year in the French settlements, comes in July. Diving is not permitted for two years in succession at the same island. The various pearl islands are opened in rotation. This means that all gear, stocks of merchandise and building material must be taken to a new island each year--no small undertaking when it is remembered that the coral atoll, which in ordinary times sup- ports less than 200 persons, becomes in the diving season the abiding place of 2,500 or more. This year the open island is Hikueru, one of the Paumotu archipelago 400 miles to the east- ward of Tahiti. Already this lonely atoll is taking on a metro- politan appearance. The profits to be gained come not only from the pearl-shell won from the lagoon, but from the sale of all kinds of wares dear to the native heart and from the providing of entertainment to refresh the weary diver and his women folk after the labors of the day are over. The average native diver wins a good sum from the bottom of the lagoon and much of it goes on expensive silk dresses for his wife and daughters, on the delec- table canned goods of the "popaa" (white man) and on the "movies."

-39- This year there are to be, it is said, three moving picture theaters, any number of motor cars for hire--the length of the roadway in Hikueru is less than a half mile, but that apparently does not make any difference--a brass band and, it is reported, electric lights along the "Great White Way" of this little ring of coral sand. Late advices indicate that the season this year at Hikueru will be the most active in many years. It is estimated there will be at least 1,000 divers at the island. These, together with their families and the traders with their staffs, will swell the population of the island during the season to nearly 4,000." The length of the season is not stated, but it probably lasts for two or three months at least, which would bring it into conflict with the nesting season for sea birds. Whether the bird protection laws are suspended at this season to enable the traders to supply the natives with cheap fire-arms, is a question; but the din and bustle of men erecting movie theaters and trading places, with brass bands and similar noise-makers thrown in can hardly offer encouragement to the fauna of a small island. Ducie, Oeno, Henderson, and Pitcairn, belong to England, and the British Consul at Tahiti has jurisdiction over Henderson, and possibly of the others.

-40- (27) Tuamotu group. French (since 1880) Ducie, Henderson, Oeno, and Pitcairn are outliers, belonging to Great Britain, and are enumerated beyond (as 27a). Also called "Dangerous" Archipelago, "Distant" Islands, "Low" Archipelago, "Paumotu" Archipelago, "Submissive" Islands; Tuamotu is the French official name; South Pacific naviga-tors call the group "Motu". "Nearly all" of the ids. are inhab.; natives are nearly all Christianized, and "reported to be honest and trustworthy." The ids. extend for nearly 1000 miles, from s. e. to n. w. Bad hurricanes swept many of the islands in Sept., 1877; Feb., 1878; and Jan., 1903; at the last date the "small brush-wood disappeared" on many of the ids. Seat of government is at Rotoava, on Fakarawa. Nos. 1-54 are in west group. os. 55-76 are in east group. } So numbered here, for convenience. raro = leeward; runga = windward. Aatao [= Angatau] Actaeon group (comprises Maturei vavao, Tenararo, Tenarunga, and (Vehanga. The inhab. said to be (now or formerly) (hostile. (Brigham says names of ids. are much mixed on the charts.) Amphitrite group. Adventure [= Motutunga] Agakanitai [= Agakaitai] Agakuitai {islet of Mangareva. Ahangatiu [= Angatau] Ahangatou [= Angatau] Ahe [= Ahii] 10. Ahii (14 x 7 mi.; low; coral; wooded; shallow lagoon, with Ahe. opening for small vessels on n. w. side; tempo- Oahe. rarily inhab. Peacock. The U. S. Expl. Exped. stopped here Sept. 7, 1839, for 3 hours, and Peale records "some clusters of very large trees with dense foliage of a dark green colour", also cocoanuts. He says "birds were not numerous", and consisted "of the same species found before." Ahunii [= Ahumui] Ahumui (of Brigham) [= Fangataufa.] 49. Ahumui (small, oval atoll; 3.7 mi. in diam; coral; deep, Ahunii. closed lagoon; hard wood occurs & probably Byam. other trees; not inhab. Byam Martin. 19° 37' S.; 140° 25' W. Martin.

(0831 oonla) doweri .quorq atoman (VB) [illegible] .w 'u od '.o 'e morT .asim 000I y'raam vor huedxe .abí edT eT ;768I ..,tpea al ehnalí edT to quon jgowa uemanixtam ham demud lham" edd eteb teal mit ja :5021 ..nal tex ;678I .abi edT to ynos no "hazeqwaab doow .evarmEY no .avsooai xa ai tnoorrveoy fo teeB (avimbo xol ,orad hemadmm eé (quonJ teew ni ees p6-5 .nel .quonq teao mi ees JV-2C .con .hrawhaW = ayum ;hrowsel = ower [naagaa =] onzaA hma ,ayunxanT ,otanmoT ,oawav lextuaa aas!quoo) quonJ moeEoa (V'raacio' to won) ed ot hlam.damí edT .ayanEV) .eijaon) enl no haxin Homa emu .abí to hamun ayaa maagizil) (.atzaod .quorq edi'jideanI [ayumJaTO =] euntsevbaA leTiumaAgA = laTiumlaAgA .avreyaand to defal) laTiumlaAgA [naagaa =] aitogmaaA naagaaK = uotagnmaA llaK =] oda díle ,nooqai wollede ;daboow ;istoo ;wolI ..ha Y x AI) iiDA .OI -omes ;abia .w 'n nu aleeaav Hama vol galneqe .eNÍ .damí g'itex .odao .tqob etal hewpots .hewxI .lgxl '.G '.U eMT .Koooooi "emes" nixooor elasT ham ,atmod 3 tel ,568I ,y ejalioi ameh niw aeori eyxel ywev to atetelo ryvo ell .afimboose oala ,"uciso uexyq hlab a 'to edd 'la" kedaiuou ham ,"aurequm ton otew abrid" ".evleod barol naloqo amaa lmmiA = linníA [.anustageaI =] (naagizil to) lnniA .qosb ;lamoo ;malk ul .ha Y.6 :iiCra Iavo ,Hama) inniA .04 yiddevg & aresoe boov brai ;nooqai denolo .lindaA .dadaí ton ;aecu' tondo .savaI .W '88 °08T 1.6 '78 °0E .aiviáii mavY [niJzaH]

-41- 39. Akahaina (atoll 4 mi. long; low; closed lagoon; well wooded with palms; inhab. Enterprise. Fakahina. Fakaina. Predpriatie. Akamaru (islet of Mangareva, with a "peak" on it. Wainwright. 59. Akiaki (0.7 mi. diam.; coral; higher than any other id. of the Tuamotu group (vide Hydr. Pilot, tho Agassiz men- tions only 15 ft.); no lagoon; well wooded; with Lancier. Pandamus and hard wood trees; with areas of grass Les Lanciers & bushes; inhab.; landing difficult. Queen Charlotte Thrum Cap. 37. Amaru (18 x 8 mi.; lagoon, with entrance at n. w. and s. w. Möller. sides; wooded, except at n. w. and s. e. sides; pandamus and cocoamuts at s. w. end, and cocoanut groves at n. e. end; inhab. Amou (islet on outer reef of Mangareva. Amphitrite group [= Actæon] 23. Anaa (19 x 6 mi.; closed lagoon (one poor passage for boats) Anhar. id., made up of several closely set islets; Chain. wooded all round, with many cocoamuts; inhab. Great damage done by hurricane of Feb. 7, 1878. 38. Angatau (low; closed lagoon; wooded throughout, with many large Aatao. trees and a few cocoamuts; inhab.; missionaries are Ahangatiu. working here, but natives said to be almost savages. Ahangatou. Angatou. Arackcheeff. Arackcheff. Araktcheef. Araktchev. Maroupo. Nanatao. Angatou[= Angatau.] Anhar[= Anaa.] Anonymous[= Tatakotopoto, a problematical id.] Amamuaruga[= Amiamurunga] 51. Amamuraro (small atoll about 2.5 mi. long; of oblong shape, Archangel. with small boat entrance into lagoon on n. w. Heretua. side; reef on n. w. and s. w. sides; a sub- San Miguel. merged reef on s. and w. sides; stunted trees and bushes in clumps on e. side only; some glass patches; uninhab.; in Duke of Gloucester group.

-20- [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] = ] quom edirtidoma [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] = ] quom eprizimma [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

-42- 52. Amamurunga (1.5 mi. diam.; 4 islets on reef; closed lagoon; Amamaruga. five clumps of trees on the ids.; uninhab. Coronados. "landing is impossible." In Duke of Gloucester Cuatro Coronados. group. Agassiz's plate 78 does not resemble Four Crowns. the above description, as he shows long strips Teku. of woods. 9. Apataki (coral atoll, 18 x 15 mi.; low; several entrances to lagoon; Hagemeister. wooded (and bush vegetation), dense in places, except at s. end; are now numerous islets on its reef; inhab. Arackcheeff [= Angatau] Arackheff [= Angatau] Araktcheef [= Angatau] Araktchev [= Angatau] Aratica [ = Aratika] 17. Aratika (8 x 5 mi.; low; triangular in shape; lagoon, with Aratica. entrance at e. and w. sides; low reef on e., s., Carls-Hof. and w. sides, making night visit dangerous; wooded Carlshoff. (more so than on Kawehe), especially at n. end; no Carlshov. perm. inhab. Karlshoff. Peale party landed at 2 p. m., and remained till sunset. They found some Tahitians present, collecting pearl shells. Peale's peristera pectoralis came from here; only 2 skins known, and identity still uncertain. Fish in lagoon said to be poisonous. Archangel [= Amuanuraro] 5. Arutua (atoll 18 mi. diam., and nearly circular; low; lagoon with Rurick. entrance on e. side; cocoanut groves and brush on n. and part of e. sides, but s. and w. sides are bare, with much of reef submerged; numerous islets, chiefly on n. and e. sides; (natives had dogs in Peale's time); biting flies are troublesome. Pavete is an islet on s. side. Peale party landed for 2 hours (after 2 p. m.), but Peale says nothing of birds in his journal (ms. journal in Library of Congress). Aukena (islet of Mangareva. Elson Aura [= Kaukura] Aurora [ = Makatea] Avatoru {wooded islet of Rangiroa (in lagoon? or near Avatoru Pass to it). Barclay de Tolly [= Raroia] Barrow [ = Vanavana] Bedford [ = Tenararo] Bedford [= Vehanga] Belcher [ = Taravai] Betero reef[= Minerva reef] Bird [ = Hikueru] Bird [= Reitoru] Birnie, a low id., about 1 sailing day w. of Anaa; hard to place now! (Discovered in 1822)

-38- prognal bemoIc :Teex no uliLaf .a ;,mali .in O.I) apyriwunmA .98 ;d.ahimic :,abi ad no seerz "o aepiaf ovi2 :semIc Te mIK ul ",aIGlaaqul ai quibeaI" ,apjrrumKMA .eobuuerd Ticeex jou apoh Of sKafq n'alaamA .quoyg .eohemroD outaDu ;gi prof ewode od en ,moisqirocab evoda ehy .laimwoO roof ,abouw Te .mol? .ai Of aocorifce larevev ;wol ;;im of x of ,IIfold larooi hlaeagA .9 .enacg ai seyaB ,(molvdjoev nlauf hun) babcow .resniemegall no wofaT anoTomm won era ;hon .a za zaoxe .dendz ;Teex aii [vedegmA =] YleedkoovA .mdegmA =, YledakoMA [modegmA =] Teedorferi mdemgA =] vedomerrA .mitewm =,soitarA aJiw ,noohaf ;equla ai vaimmunx3 ;wol ;.in 8 x 6) miljagA .?1 ..e ..o no Teex wol ;reahle ,w hun .e te eonxica .foldmA foow Iauotoguah Jieiv JogiX gulbeew .sehla ,w hun .Yoll-afwe ;hon .a je qilalocqee ,(edemM no nam on oher) .YhoedIveo ,dendz ,noeq .vodofreeO .oblenier hun ,.e .g 3 te hahual yixaq ofleeS .TlonalToda ,neecmy emilifceh emer hone? vauE .Teemum fifi .aqou sunjafuer a'laedI .oileda Ixoeq gailnaifee .vlIveit hun ,nwani eubie 8 yino ;ounT won) amee .amecolog ed of blac mogui ni hzM ,elalreouy [overanumA =] lognndiKA diw procet ;wol ;,neimorie vixeen hun ,aaih .in 8f lieta) eudera .8 ,no d.irewd hie sevon ,innocoon ;able ,o no onowzere .Xolxwi und ahe vabie ,w hun .a snd ,eabie .. to dwq hun .pilgide ,afoial anoomm ibegreemua Teex le dour ;uuit a'elnea ni apoh bad aovitan) ;nefka .a haa .vafel na ai eTovaI ,.emoeidronc era weifl gullid ,able .e (.g 8 iavha) vquod 8 voi bahaal viusq afesei m) Iarvooi, aid ni elvid Te qahdion eyan elnef jud ,[aemegaeo To yalevdid ai farveit] .avtegnaM to Jofafi .umIcA .mouih [sunluel =] avarA [soiqlue =] er6mA [alocK =] qfioD eb valoneD [anevenv =] vortae [orcenve =] brotbeD [eayenev =] brotbod [invervl =] teoolel [Teex avrooMl =] Teex qriofeI [mamKHA =] bala [modied =] 618 (woa oolq of buai lsnA lo .w gab gailfee I erode ,.bi vol e ,alvid (230f ni hovevooic))

-43- Bligh [= Hereheretui?] Bligh or Bligh's = Tematangi Bow [ = Hau] Brander (wooded islet of Rangiroa, at Avatoru Pass. Motoufara (syn. of preceding.) Buyers Group [= Reiotoua] Byam [= Ahumui] Byam Martin[= Vairaatea] Byam Martin [ = 'Ahumui] Cadmus [ = Morane] Carls-Hof[= Aratika] Carlshoff [= Aratika] Carlshow = Aratika] Garysfort [= Tureia] Cavaki [= Kawehe] Cecile (doubtful id., said to be in 15° 30' S., 148° 20' W. Chain [ = Anaa] Cleremont de Tonnerre[= Reao] Clerke [= Pukapuka] Clerke [ = Tatakoto] Clerke [= Tekokoto] Clute [= Hiti] Cockburn [ = Ahumui] Collie [ = Kamako] Collis [= and may be misprint for Collie] Cook Lagoon [= Vahitahi] Coronados [= Cuatro Coronados] Creig[= Niau] Crescent [ = Timoe] Croker [= Heraiki] Cuatro Coronados [= Amamurunga] Coronados Cumberland[ = Mamuhangi] Dageraad [= Makatea] Danger[ = Pukapuka] Dauahaida [ = Dawhaida] Dawahaidi = Dawahaida] Dawhaida[ = Marokau] Deans[= Rangiroa] Disappointment [ = Tetopoto] Disappointment Ids. (of Byron) (consist of atolls Napuka and Tetopoto. Dog[ = Pukapuka] Doubtful [= Tekokoto] Duke of Gloucester (group of 3 atolls: Amamurunga, Amanuraror, and Nukutapi Eao [ = Hau] Ebrill Id. [ = Minerva reef]

"Infoverex" = "Cylta" "Transmit" = "signal to data" unit = "vol" [illegible] is [illegible] to total [illegible] rate [illegible] protocol = "query event" [illegible] = "event" [selectionV = "select event" [limitA = "min-max event" [addroll = "ambsaO" [mlata = "toB-aftmO" [mlsta = "ttionCtaO" [misterA = "vordtlnm" [alertV = "motegmt" [clearl = "hswil" [illegible] is to [illegible] +, it is?drolb) [illegible] [anal = "incoO" "onol" = "retnnot ob fnometsiC" [singoloV = "ofretlO" [osolatI = "ofretlO" [ojuxorfi = "ofretlO" [litil = "ojotlO" [limitA = "mindfneO" [olamll = "ollfioC" [illfoD vol [illegible] od ym bns = "allfoO" [ldajdeV = "noogal xcoo" [eohancroD ofrtaU = "eohancroo" [malk = "glerlO" [oomIT = "tdecaorO" [kilxolI = "teoforO" [equuriammA = "eohancroD ofrtaU" eohancroO [legatixmM = "noitrednuO" [sejlelS = "haerted" [meynurV = "tegnal" [ablevod = "ablaesauO" [elbimeuV = "hlidsmaI" [mniserM = "abldewh" [emignan = "anesd" [elegofeU = "fnetsniocqsalD" [illegible] (motYK 10) .abi [illegible] [sirganiI = "boO" ofoxeleW = "tutjdnmO" [unA = "cooIl" "tear syxanIM = "li IIxoS" ```

-44- Ebrilles reef[= Minerva reef] Egmont[= Pukarunga] Egmont[= Tatakoto] Egmont[= Vairaatea] Elisabeth[= Toau] Eliza[= Hiti] Eliza (of Mauruc) [= Tepoto] Elizabeth = [Toau] Elson[= Aukena] Enterprise[= Akahaina] Estancelin[= Maturei vavao] 22. Faaite (atoll 15 x 5 mi.; lagoon with entrance at n. w. end; well Faaiti. wooded near w. end, and some clumps of trees on n. Faiti. and n. e. parts; s. side is simply reef; inhab. Miloradowitch. Myloradowitch. Faau[= Niau] Faaiti[= Faaite] Faith Id.(recorded in 210 10' S., 138° 52' W., but not now recognized) Faiti [ = Faaite] Fakahina[= Akahaina] Fakaina [= Akahaina] Fakarava [ = Fakarawa] 21. Fakarawa (atoll 32 x 10 mi.; with lagoon (2 entrances, at n. w. Fakarava. and s. e. ends) irregularly wooded; inhab., and Wittgenstein. station of French Resident. 6 small islets on s. w. side of reef; well wooded on n. and n. w. sides, including clumps of cocoamts; e. and s. e. sides are wooded, but s. side less so. Hurricane of 1878 did much damage to trees. Fish (various kinds) of lagoon said to be poisonous. 73. Fangataufa (3.7 x 3 mi.; coral; low, with hillock at n. e. end; Ahumui deep lagoon, with no passage; no cocoanut trees, but Cockburn probably other trees occur; uninhab. Nganaiti 220 12' S., 138° 42' W. Nganati. Ferneaux[= Fumeaux] Fly[= Rangiroa] Four Crowns[= Amuamurunga] Four Pacardins[= Vahitahi] Fumarua (islet of Rangiroa; about 350 yds. wide. Furneaux [= Marutea] Gambier[= Mangareva] Gambier group (consists of Mangareva and islets on its reefs). Gloucester[= Paraoa] Goodhope[= Rekareka] Greig[= Niau]

[topright] = top right [bottomleft] = bottom left [rightmiddle] = right middle [leftmiddle] = left middle [topmiddle] = top middle [bottomright] = bottom right [rightbottom] = right bottom [leftbottom] = left bottom [topleft] = top left [righttop] = right top [lefttop] = left top [center] = center [above] = above [below] = below [infront] = in front [behind] = behind [inside] = inside [outside] = outside [near] = near [far] = far [close] = close [distant] = distant [surrounding] = surrounding [enclosed] = enclosed [adjacent] = adjacent [opposite] = opposite [facing] = facing [parallel] = parallel [perpendicular] = perpendicular [diagonal] = diagonal [circular] = circular [rectangular] = rectangular [triangular] = triangular [elliptical] = elliptical [spherical] = spherical [flat] = flat [convex] = convex [concave] = concave [smooth] = smooth [rough] = rough [sharp] = sharp [dull] = dull [bright] = bright dim] = dim [loud] = loud [quiet] = quiet [fast] = fast [slow] = slow [heavy] = heavy [light] = light [thick] = thick [thin] = thin [wide] = wide [narrow] = narrow [tall] = tall [short] = short [long] = long [brief] = brief [large] = large [small] = small [huge] = huge [minuscule] = minuscule [gigantic] = gigantic [invisible] = invisible [visible] = visible [transparent] = transparent [opaque] = opaque [clear] = clear [murky] = murky [crystal] = crystal [foggy] = foggy [hazy] = hazy [cloudy] = cloudy [sunny] = sunny [rainy] = rainy [windy] = windy [stormy] = stormy [calm] = calm [turmoil] = turmoil [peaceful] = peaceful [chaos] = chaos [orderly] = orderly [messy] = messy [neat] = neat [untidy] = untidy [organized] = organized [disorganized] = disorganized [systematic] = systematic [haphazard] = haphazard [planned] = planned [spontaneous] = spontaneous [intentional] = intentional [accidental] = accidental [deliberate] = deliberate [casual] = casual [formal] = formal [informal] = informal [solid] = solid [liquid] = liquid gaseous] = gaseous [plasma] = plasma [vapor] = vapor [fume] = fume [mist] = mist [dust] = dust [powder] = powder [grain] = grain [particle] = particle [molecule] = molecule [atom] = atom [element] = element [compound] = compound [mixture] = mixture [solution] = solution [suspension] = suspension [emulsion] = emulsion [colloid] = colloid [aerosol] = aerosol [foam] = foam [bubble] = bubble [drip] = drip [drop] = drop [puddle] = puddle [stream] = stream [rush] = rush [gush] = gush [flood] = flood drain] = drain [overflow] = overflow [underflow] = underflow [inflow] = inflow [outflow] = outflow [pump] = pump [siphon] = siphon [filter] = filter [separator] = separator [extractor] = extractor [distributor] = distributor [conveyor] = conveyor [transporter] = transporter [mover] = mover [shifter] = shifter [rotator] = rotator [tumbler] = tumbler [spinner] = spinner [turntable] = turntable [carousel] = carousel [ferris wheel] = ferris wheel [roller coaster] = roller coaster [merry-go-round] = merry-go-round [swing set] = swing set [slide] = slide [seesaw] = seesaw [monkey bars] = monkey bars [pole vault] = pole vault [high jump] = high jump [long jump] = long jump [triple jump] = triple jump [sprint] = sprint [middle distance] = middle distance [long distance] = long distance [relay] = relay [marathon] = marathon [half marathon] = half marathon [ultra marathon] = ultra marathon [race walk] = race walk [cross country] = cross country [track and field] = track and field [swimming] = swimming [diving] = diving [synchronized swimming] = synchronized swimming [water polo] = water polo [snorkeling] = snorkeling [scuba diving] = scuba diving [free diving] = free diving [apnea] = apnea [breath holding] = breath holding [hyperventilation] = hyperventilation [overexertion] = overexertion [underwater hockey] = underwater hockey [water skiing] = water skiing [slalom skiing] = slalom skiing [windsurfing] = windsurfing [kitesurfing] = kitesurfing [parasailing] = parasailing [parasailing] = parasailing [skydiving] = skydiving [bungee jumping] = bungee jumping [base jumping] = base jumping [rock climbing] = rock climbing [mountaineering] = mountaineering [caving] = caving [kayaking] = kayaking canoeing] = canoeing [rafting] = rafting [tubing] = tubing [tobogganing] = tobogganing [sledding] = sledding [ski jumping] = ski jumping [biathlon] = biathlon [skating] = skating [figure skating] = figure skating [ice dancing] = ice dancing [short track speed skating] = short track speed skating [long track speed skating] = long track speed skating [hockey] = hockey [lacrosse] = lacrosse [rugby] = rugby [cricket] = cricket [baseball] = baseball [softball] = softball [volleyball] = volleyball [beach volleyball] = beach volleyball [tennis] = tennis [badminton] = badminton [ping pong] = ping pong [table tennis] = table tennis [golf] = golf [archery] = archery [shooting] = shooting [fencing] = fencing [wrestling] = wrestling [judo] = judo [karate] = karate [tai chi] = tai chi [yoga] = yoga [pilates] = pilates [aerobics] = aerobics [dance] = dance [ballet] = ballet [modern dance] = modern dance [hip hop] = hip hop [salsa] = salsa [ballroom] = ballroom [waltz] = waltz [tango] = tango [rumba] = rumba [cha-cha] = cha-cha [foxtrot] = foxtrot [quickstep] = quickstep [samba] = samba [rhapsody] = rhapsody [swing] = swing [jive] = jive [lindy hop] = lindy hop [bop] = bop [rock and roll] = rock and roll [disco] = disco [house] = house [techno] = techno [trance] = trance [dubstep] = dubstep [drum and bass] = drum and bass [breakbeat] = breakbeat [garage] = garage [rave] = rave [club] = club [concert] = concert [festival] = festival [gig] = gig [show] = show [performance] = performance [recital] = recital [opera] = opera [ballet] = ballet [musical] = musical [theater] = theater [play] = play [drama] = drama [comedy] = comedy [tragedy] = tragedy [farce] = farce [satire] = satire [sketch] = sketch [monologue] = monologue duet] = duet [ensemble] = ensemble [choir] = choir [orchestra] = orchestra [band] = band [group] = group [duo] = duo [trio] = trio [quartet] = quartet [quintet] = quintet [sextet] = sextet [septet] = septet [octet] = octet [nonet] = nonet tenet] = tenet [duodecet] = duodecet [tridecet] = tridecet tetradecet] = tetradecet [quindecet] = quindecet [sedecet] = sedecet [septecet] = septecet [octecet] = octecet [nonacete] = nonacete [dececet] = dececet [undecet] = undecet duodecet] = duodecet [tridecet] = tridecet [tetradecet] = tetradecet [quindecet] = quindecet [sedecet] = sedecet [septecet] = septecet [octecet] = octecet [nonacete] = nonacete [dececet] = dececet [undecet] = undecet

-45- Hagemeister[= Apataki] Hairiri[= Paraoa] Hao[= Hau] Haraiki[= Heraiki] Hariri[= Paraoa] Harp[= Hau] Harpe[= Harp] 45. Hau (30 x 5 mi.; coral; lagoon, with many brushy islets round it; Bow. entrance to lagoon on middle of n. end; several cocoanut Eaoo. groves on e. and n. parts; inhab. It was (1899) well Hao. wooded on weather side, tho islets on lee side were gener- Harp. ally bare; much damage to vegetation by hurricane of Jan., Harpe. 1903. Heyou. Ocheou. Hekuera[= Hikuera] Hemake [ = Pukapuka] Hemake [ = Pukapuka] 40. Heraiki (atoll 4 mi. long; rather higher than other ids.; well Croker wooded on n. end; good entrance to lagoon on s. w. Haraiki side; uninhab. San Quentin. Hereheretue[= Hereheretui] 50. Hereheretui (3 mi. diam.; low; closed lagoon; thickly wooded, with Bligh? much dead timber; many grass strips near shores; Hereheretue inhab. (few). 19° 52' S., 145° 00' W. (Brigham San Pablo. gives 21° 40' W., 140° 38'W., but this is the St. Paul. position of Tematangi!) Heretua[= Amamuraro] Heueru[= Reitoru] Heyou[= Hau] Hikuera[= Reitoru] Hikuero [ = Hikueru] 41. Hikueru (atoll (4 or more islets) about 6 x 3 mi.; lagoon, with Bird. boat entrance; well wooded, except at e. and s. e. Hikuero. ends, where bare; inhab.; residence of administrator Melville. of this district. 27. Hiti (very small (about 2.2 mi. diam.) closed lagoon; uninhab.; in Raeffsky group. Clute. Eliza. Louise. Ofiti. Ohiti. Holt[= Taenga] Honden[ = Pukapuka] Houden [ = Pukapuka] Humphrey (alleged to be in 16° 52' S., 140° 30' W., but of doubtful existence.

{ "text": "[bisaqk =]remomnaH\n[sonorH =]inyliaH\n[naH =]onH\n[nilarH =]lilnail\n[sooM =]ilnil\n[nai =]qaH\n[cran =]eqnai\n\n\n\n\n.081 .09ai\n.noyeH\n.noaioD\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-46- Hermaeloff[= Taenga] Kamaka [= Kamako] Kamako (islet of Mangareva. Collie. Collis. Kamaka. Kemaka. Karlishoff[= Aratika] 28. Katiu (15 x 7.5 mi.; very low atoll; lagoon with 2 openings, on Saken. n. w. and s. w. sides; wooded on s. or s. w. sides, other parts covered with brush and some cocoanut groves; few inhab. Kauehi[= Kawehe] 6. Kaukura (24 x 8 mi.; lagoon with islets on reef; entrance near Aura. n. w. end; wooded on n. side, from end to end; inhab. Hurricane of 1878 devastated its vegetation; since then cocoamuts have been replanted. Kawahi[= Kawehe] Kawaka [= Hawehe] 18. Kawehe (12 x 9 mi.; very low (10 or 12 ft. high); open lagoon, with Cavahi. (entrance on s. side; wooded (cocoamuts (few), pandamus Kauehi. trees, and lower vegetation), except at s. e. end; Kawahi. inhab. Kawake Peale party saw nos. of birds at some places, but Vincennes. spent only two hours ashore; they heard Conopoderas. The small wooded islet of Tutu is in lagoon. Kemaka[= Kamako] King [= Taiaro] King George group (name used for Takapoto and Takaroa). ?Sondergrond Koutousoff[= Makemo] Krusenstern[= Tikahau] Kurateke[= Vanavana] Lagoon[= Nukutavake] Lagoon (of Bligh) [= Tematangi] Lagoon (of Cook) [= Vahitahi] Lancier[= Akiaki] Lazarev[= Matahiva] Lazaroff[= Matahiva] Les Lanciers[= Akiaki] Lord Hood[= Marutea] L'Ostange (of Duperrey) [= Nengonengo] Louise (of Mauruc) [= Hiti] Maitia[= Makatea] Makapu (islet of Mangareva; near Akamaru. Makaroa (islet of Mangareva; 479 ft. high; steep and rugged. March. Marsh.

-34- mliuM = "Ylofomell" "ealemA = amleam .averegnall to jefalj otlameh .elIfoD .elIfoD .eliamH .atlamH [amliearA = YtodairiM] no ,verinibb 5 dliw moopel ;Liojn wol yrev ;:Im 8,Y x SI) niteh .04 ,soble .w .a to .a no bebocw ;saeht .w .a hte .w .n .noxeN vony tmeebbo enoo hne dairo dliw bebovoc erheq tedsD .dabuf weh [etewas = idemah rean aomamno ;Tawt no atial dliw moopel ;:Im 3 x 8S) amibH .0 .dami ;hte of hne motl ,obla .n no bebocw ;hee .w .n o eemle ;rolderegov all bedatsveeh SV8I to enaciruth .beimriqer need eval aJmsoooe [elemas = litewah eilewal = alirewX ,mevqal nego ;dahi .t 2f yo 01j wol yrev ;:Im 2 x SI) etewsH .8i skunI ,(wol) atmsooo( bebocw )soble .a no ecnirne ;hna .e .e ta squep ,[reloJeregov teval hna ,seet] .dndri ,sebuq emee ba abrid to ,oon wan y'reg eke9 ,eitenoogoo( hracei verD ;exuoa avnod owD y'ne jnoeq ,mevqal ni ni vivT to jefal bebocw Hluea uif [elamea = elameh [onotEF = yxeK .[combied hne etoJnialF toF luur eneh] qrort erxoo gnIY hno-yrevoobut! omeiaM = YtoanbduH nodimIF = erejenooruN aevavhV = 'afejartul eiavedmif = noogai ignalemo2 = {ngll9 to} noogal liajidwV = {lo0D 7o} noogal [biekHA = reionni [ovtinialF = venaaI [evldiarM = YToresal [bieikA = 'etionaJ sed [eotrual = booh byoj [agmenooaeH = ] {Ys'repeL 7o} eeumda0"i [ihil = {orurn% to} salemI aefmial = aifkM .urnmiaA -reer ;averegnall to jefal) agxniH .begqur hae qooJe :diin .d1 8V3 ;everagnalk to jefal) aomualK .norval .dnwal

-47- 3. Makatea (4.5 x 1.5 mi.; coral; 230 ft. high; has perpendicular Aurora. cliffs (with many caverns) on n. e. and w. sides; Dageraad. some stretches of sandy beach about 12 ft. high; no Maitia. lagoon; densely wooded, with some large trees and Makattea. cocoanuts, and other vegetation, including under- Matia. growth; inhab. Metia. The Ocean Phosphate Co. has a station here for min- Recreation. ing phosphates. Weekly steamer connection with Tahiti. Makattea [= Makatea] 29. Makemo (atoll 40 x 6-7 mi.; very low (14 or more ft. high at n. e. Koutousoff. end); lagoon (opening on n. e. & w. sides); wooded Makemu. on whole n. e. side, but s. side is bare; numerous Makima. islets on reef surrounding lagoon; inhab. Pigs Philip. were kept here long since. Phillips. Makemu [= Makemo] Makima (of Wilkes) [= Makemo] Maliva [= Matahiva] 44. Manaka (10 x 4 mi.; closed lagoon; some vegetation on e. side, Ravahere. but w. side is bare; separated by narrow channel from Two Groups. Marokau; uninhab. Has some islets. 18°18' S., 142°12' W. 74. Mangareva (coral reef, with 5 small volcanic ids. and many islets; Gambier. 4 mi. long; 3 passages into lagoon; Mt. Duff 1315 ft. Peard. high; good fresh water; inhab. Pearl. Mangareva is the principal id. It has some sand beaches; bushes, cocoanuts and other vegetation in patches on shore, but forests are reduced to a few patches in valleys and on some volcanic slopes. Both Mangareva and its islets are largely covered with a species of cane. Akamaru, Mekiro, and Makapu are within a fringing reef; Aukena is also fringed by an extensive reef. The principal ids. of the group are in central part of the lagoon; 4 larger (inhab.) ids. are Mangareva, Taravai, Aukena, and Akamaru. Some (at least) of the islets have dense shrubby vegetation, with some cocoanuts. Taravai is flanked by Agakaitai, with Tepu nui at the west; Akamaru is flanked by Mekiro to the north and by Makapu to the south. In the southern part of the lagoon are 4 small volcanic ids. On the outer encircling reef is a line of islets on the eastern face of the group: Takava and Tauna, Tarauru-roa, Amou, Vaiatekeua, Puaumu, and several smaller islets. Vaiatekeua has long stretches of sand beach, mingled with bushes on the lagoon side. Agassiz (Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., xxxiii, 1906) gives many views of these ids.; he says the fauna is very poor, with only one "indigenous" bird, a "sandpiper", and sea birds few in number. However, he was not strong on ornithology. Manhii [= Manihi]

-74- ;nebia .w hme .e .n na (anlewaao yuam dliw) e'lie .aroma en nmid .,F E1 tsoa. oned ghaq to anldé-ja amos .hawoakl hna neetj spni omor deia ,dabaow yfeuneh ;noyal .aIlaM -tefini yalbu'el ,notvageev renvo oha ,nrmzooeo .,eajqael .dedoi ;dfwrya .,sreM le rot ezaa notlwa a had .,01 edtquodf nmeo off .,aIseK hmer dliw notlauroc renvoa y'loew ,notnaqoua pal .,eoldasneof "aonpaeM =" ;eijceinl ... ja da'bi .,F erom to bi) waf 'yev :.(m 7-0 = O1 Eioa) omoak ,PK abow :nebia .w & .n .o no yalheqo) noyal ;Ibuq .Tloesednol nomaam ;ead ei abin .e jnd ,obin .e .u elow zo .,aooeli -syB ,dedni :noyal nithwawna leor no stofel .,ambell .eonle yoei oren dym arow .qllfY .qeIfIlW ["oaeM =" ;reuel [oaeM =] [enilW 'o]' ambel 'evieM =" evielM ... e no nallteger onos ;noyal benola :.(m 4 x OI 1. Tanoia wariu go hodeteyoe ;ead el obin .w jnd .,aedavll IK ,.B 'UI'el ,stefi omos aal .dednim ;naedak .,eqouU oW .stefi yom hae ,abi oidenlof liam 0 dliw ,teoi laxoo) averqnaM .AY 31 dibI Ynd .,d :noyal ofel sopsear 0 ;nae .In 2 .,reidmB .dedni ;teaw neel booy ;dgii .,bmoeY ... omos sad el .hi faqioniq adt el averqnaM .I'aeY y n1 notvageev renvo hae aIrmzooa ,dedmi ;neleed l neddaq wai e of beoberi ere esseui jud ,eoda no .everqnal dloa ,eonla olnaiof amos no hra eyqifai ano to aloeua a dliw bezovo yfoqa'f ore stela'i at ser qina'dri a nidiw ere bgen'aK hae ,oixefl ,yueniK .Teor erlanedxe na yd beguirf onla el anaM ... faqioniq adt .avvepael om .ehl (.dedni) topeol 0 ;noyal edt lo adt 'to (taeof ta) meo. ,ormnA hae ,amila .,Ieveral .eooe omo dliw ,notvageev y'dsrida eanoh ovad stela'l di ja inr mye'f dliw ,lallnaqM yd 'bminai el iaven? hm drwo ed of onih ;yd bminai el rmnA ;jaew mi ad lo daq nrdinos adt nI .,dnea adt of speal at ;eileriaa rooa edi M0 ,abi olnaiof liam 6 eve rgroup adt to so2 uza'ne edt no stela'i to entl a el mwl ,amelelaY ,moa ,sox-rmeaT ,ane? hae avenat ora ynoi am amoraiay .,nna'l teiana Ierevan hno alee noyal adt no sedum dliw bo'gola ,doed bma to fa (300F ,Iiexx ,.166 ;umoU .aof .ael) nsepaA o 'yev ai mum edt eya od ;,dji age'd to awoi ynaa hna ,"teqihbee" a ,di" :"eoonqianl" ono vno dliw ao yaota Jem aw el ,rewaM .,reum el we) abid ,moferJmro ['IrimM =] I'riml

-48- 11. Manihi (15 x 6 mi.; numerous islets on atoll, with lagoon (opening Manhii. for vessels at s. w. end); many cocoamts; has wooded Oahe. islet in lagoon; inhab. Peale found numerous clusters Waterland. of cocoamts and "considerable other vegetation"; his Waterlandt. party spent 2 hours here (noon to 2 p. m.), and found Wilson. easy landing on lee side of id. They saw what was probably Peristera pectoralis here and found "snipes" (possibly Tringa parvirostris?) 47. Mamuhangi (6 x 1.2 mi.; low; closed lagoon; wooded, except on s. w. Cumberland. side; uninhab. Manuwangi. Manui (islet of Mangareva. Manuwangi [= Mamuhangi] Marakau [= Marokau] March[= Makaroa] Margaret[= Nukutapipi] Maria [= Moerenhout] 43. Marokau (about 10 mi. long; with 2 islets on e. side of reef; lagoon; Daubahaida. has 1 or 2 reefs fringing it; wooded for whole length; Dawahaidi. narrow passage betw. it and Manaka (s. of Marokau); Dawhaida. inhab. Hurricane of Jan., 1903, did damage here. Marakau. 18° 05' S., 142° 15' W. Ravahere. Two Groups. Maroupo[= Angatau] Marsh[= Makaroa] Martin[= Ahuni] Marutea (20 x 10 mi.; low atoll of several islets; lagoon, with entrance Ferneaux. at n. e. extreme; thickly wooded islet at n. e. end; no Furneaux. permanent inhab. This id. is "one of the most dangerous in the archipelago." 16° 54' S., 143° 20' W. 69. Marutea (11 x 7 mi.; atoll; closed lagoon, with several islets; Lord Hood. variety of evergreen trees thickly intertwined; also pandanus; "matted surface of moss and grass" beneath the trees; uninhab. 21° 31' S., 135° 38' W. 1 Matahiva (about 7 mi. long; triangular; about 12 ft. high; lagoon, Lazarev. with entrance at n. w. end; well wooded with cocoanut & Lazareff. other trees; inhab. at certain seasons. Lazaroff. Malivi. Mataiwa. Mataiwa[= Matahiva] Matia[= Makatea] Matilda [= Mururoa] 70. Maturei vavao (s. e.-most of Actaeon group; 6 mi. long; sea washes Estancelin. all over it in bad weather; no entrance to lagoon; Melbourne. wooded, except on w. side; no permanent inhab.

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-49- Mekiro (islet of Mangareva. Melbourne [= Maturei vavao] Melbourne [= Tenarunga] Melville [= Hikueru] Merrill (of doubtful existence, alleged to be in 16° 38' S., 141° 0' W. Metia [= Makatea] Miloradowitch [= Faaite] Minerva [= Pukaruha] Minerva reef (said to be "low rocks" in about 22° 30' S., 133° 30' W., (but "existence doubtful." Bertero. Ebrill Id. Ebrilles. Minto [= Vehanga] 72. Möerenhout (11 x 4.7 mi.; cluster of small, low, coral islets, with Maria. closed lagoon in centre; has a variety of ?Wright's Lagoon. shrubs and trees; uninhab., except for occa- sional pearl fishers. Mohican (small islet of Rangiroya, at Avatoru Pass; covered with low vege- tation, and a few cocoanuts. Möller [= Amamu] 75. Morane (5 x 2.5 mi.; low coral atoll, with closed lagoon reef; with Cadmus. 3 islets; about a dozen inhab., who cultivate a few coco- Morone. muts. Middle of n.-most id. 23° 11' 00'' s., 137° 11' 30'' W Morone [= Morane] Motoufara [= Brander] Motu Teiko (islet of Mangareva. 24. Motutunga (atoll 8 x 5 mi.; lagoon, with entrance on n. w. side; s. Adventure. side without vegetation, but n. side is wooded in clumps for whole length; cocoamuts, etc.; uninhab., except when cocoanuts are gathered, etc. Mururea [= Mururoa] 71. Mururoa (atoll of 18 low ids.; 15 x 8 mi.; reef enclosing lagoon, Matilda. with entrance at n. w. end of lagoon; many of the ids. Mururea. are wooded; large plantations of cocoanuts made by a Osnaburgh. company, to whom the ids. were "assigned in 1876"; inhab. Vairaatea. Myloradowitch [= Miloradowitch] Nairsa [= Rangiroya] Nanatao [= Angatau] 16. Napuka (a series of islets on irregular reef, enclosing a lagoon Whytohee. (closed); (Peale found it thickly covered with verdure, Whytoohee. especially at w. end; cocoanut and pandamus trees; natives Wytoohee. thievish and tricky. The Peale party landed with "diffi- culty" about 4 p. m., so did not make a very extensive exploration. Got a small native rat and Conopoderas.) Hydr. Pilot says e. and w. sides well wooded (with vegeta- tion different from other ids. of group), including a few

-19- ...unqnaK to jefal) otibM "envay bormM = enuodfM" "aguarro? = envuofeM" "rraioM = eifiveM" ...O'ERI ,,E ICE '20 BI ni od od leqafle ,constbna ?i'vob 204 lliM "antaaM = aivM" "eileM = eilwbeoilM" "niirre? = svioM" ...ICE 'ERI ,,E ICE '28 jwoda ni "nkoor wof" od of bies ) Toer avrenM ".l0i'drob enoqaiqe" 100) ....orvraM ..bi liuS ..aelfiroM [acadoV = otaiM w ;atafai levoo ,wof ,Ifama to TeJaio :.lm 7,6 x 11) JnohrooM .3V To vdaishv a amf ;atineo ni noogal Beolo ..eivM ood wof jqoxe ,,danning ;eerx haa edmbe .noogal e'idgiwV ..avedai Iraeq fanola woi ddiw bevoreo ;veel mojavk ta ,.aotgmai to jefai Ifama) anoidor .aduwoooo waf a bna ,noisM [nrama = reffOM w ;teor noogal Beolo ddiw ,Ifoae levoo wof :.lm 6,8 x 9) eovroM .3V to wof a edrvisno aiw ,,dedai moxob a jwoda ;jefai 5 .arabO AI 'ERI ,,,e '10 'IE '28 ,bi juom-n to eibbim ,.sum .enotM [enroM = acroM [tekmri =]stlmoM ...everqnaK to jefai) onlo? wof ;abia ,w.n no sonaTna ddiw ,nodgaI :.lm 5 x 8 Ifosa) agunioM .92 ni helody ni abia ,u imi ,noilargev Juodliw abia .enjnevaA oaniniur :.bie ,zmmoeooo ;dipnai afoiw roI aquilo ..ofe ,,beraiiq era zimmoboo medy jwomo [noirniM = acuirM noogal priacJena Teor :.lm 8 x 9I ;,obi wof bi to Ifosa) noirniM .IV bi edr Id ynam ;noogal to bue ,w.n in sonaTna ddiw ..obiiM :go abam zimmooo to aocisneiq eyxai ;beboow era 3:.noirM I,"6791 ni beorgJaa" orem ,abi edr nude ov ,qumoo .qunfanao ..aenariav [deilwobareliM = deilwobarei-M norlameM =]svieM nadaqeA = ostanaiM noogal a poidofara ,Teor vaimmri to atefai to seiras a) ndgM .9I enihrov ddiw bevoreo yfNolii ni hrool ofacO ) ;(Beolo) .eodoryIV dar ;ooeni ynchbari bue immooo ;baa ,w ra ylialceqae .todeofyW lib" ddiw Behnai vixq afoel aefI .vqoirx haa daiveis .oedoogW avianedxe qiov a okm roc bib ov ,,e,q 6 jwoda "qlize (.aiaehnoM) bue ier eviim Ifama e joC .noitroloqe pav ddiw) bahov Iiaw oobie ,w hua to qnea rofil .abyi a yelbinoel ,qporv to ,abi vedro morf aporoyib wof

-50- cocoamut, pandamus and bread-fruit trees; the s. side almost without vegetation; inhab. few, nomi- nally Catholic, but little more than savages, and naked. Hurricane of Jan., 1903, caused damage here. Napuka and Tetopoto make up the Disappointment Ids., and are 100 mi. distant from any others of the Tuamotu group. Narcissus[= Tatakoto] Negeri [= Nihiiru] 46. Nengonengo (6 mi. long and nearly circular; lagoon, with good pas- L'Ostange. sage on e. side; high clumps of trees on e. side, with Prince Wil- cocoamut grove on s. side; uninhab. liam Henry. Nganaiti [= Fangataufa] Nganati[= Fangataufa] 7. Niau (atoll 4 mi. diam.; 26 ft. high; closed lagoon, but has entrance Greig. at s. e. corner; well wooded, with undergrowth; many coco- Faau. muts; inhab. Greig. It is said the sea washed "completely across" it in hurricanes of 1877 and 1878, possibly destroying any ground inhabiting species (if earlier storms had not already done so). Good fish in lagoon. Nigeri Niheri Nihiiru (7 mi. diam., and nearly circular; no pass into lagoon; well Negeri. wooded at n. point, fairly so at n. e. and s. e. sides, but Nigeri. only scrubby bushes betw. s. and s. e. points; inhab. at Niheri. times. 53. Nukutapipi (2 mi. circ.; closed lagoon; "high" & well wooded (mostly Margaret. pandanus) on n. side; some cocoanuts; flat, submerged Nukutipipi. reef on e. and s. e. sides; uninhab. Easternmost of Duke of Gloucester group. 20° 42' S., 143° 5' W. "Nukutapipi" of Brigham's map 22 = Nukutavake of Hydr. Pilot and Chart. It is not the Nukutapipi of the Duke of Gloucester group. 63. Nukutavake (of Hydr. Pilot) (about 5 x 1.5 mi.; coral; no lagoon; Lagoon. some sand dunes up to 35 ft. high; wooded (except "Nukutapipi" of at e. end) with Pandamus & other trees, with much Brigham's map 22. dead timber; few inhab. Queen Charlotte. 19° 17' S., 138° 49' W., or 8 mi. n. w. of Pinaki Whitsunday. (of Hydr. Pilot). Brigham gives 18° 43' 19" S., 138° 47' 13" W., but this is the location of Vahitahi! Nukutawake[= Vahitahi] Nukutipipi[= Nukutapipi] Oahe [= Ahii] Oahe [= Manihi] Ocheou [= Hau]

-04- any tawut tluti-kayd baa anmahaq .,tmsooo u ,wui ;dual :tatsareg twniiv jania obin ,seavaa naht otom oitslI ind ,effisla qliau qemuh banee ,3OI .,nel to saacitru .beetan nibouyaaik nhd qu aian eteqota' bna whuyil. awdte qua mnti tnaaieh .lm OOI dla baa ,,ahi .quora ufnwadi [oduislaI = anmaloaei [aridiH o]itegei beqy ntiw ,noogal :tahnorta ylrnen bna ynoi .lm 3) opmansugdek .04 abta .e no aexri to agniio dain ;ahie .e no egae .,egnaiaOU .dadnln ;ahie .e no ovora tmaoooa -IYD ereriT .vinaH nali [alondagael = ]ilmanai [aimaigual = ]imanai o aat ind ,noogal beaeiio ;dakin .,h 3S :naib .lm 4 Ifoaa) oailt .,v qnam ;drwrnrahu ntiw ,beboow fiew ;taooa .e .a ta .yieidO .dadri ;arrm .,nasli I "aeozaa yfledoirncoo" bebsaa sea aat binn e1 yi .,nieedO qna nairvteob "yLlinoq ,8Y6I hua YV6I to anseol'tumt baetfe jon hai arntora teiffee ?i) aeleeoa pnilidadni .noogal ni nai booO .(oe [reyki [reaiH ew ;noogal eani aaxq on :taimusic ylrnen bna ,.nailb .lm 7) axidiW ahie .e .a hna .e .n ta oe vixiat ,anloq ,n da beboow .iregai .dadri ;adnloq .e .a hna .e .wrd nendud ydortoa yino .,reagi .aaait .,raaiH ) beboow fiew & "nail" :noogal beaeiio ;orio .lm 3) iqiqaamim .02 naie ,dali ;tammocoo aeea ;ahie .n no (anmahaq .,tamgual .tadain ;aabie .e .a baa .e no 2601 .iqiqiaamni Y 'O YSII ..2 'SA '08 .quora taddsooIO to eeki 20 baa jollb .,byiI to alevaiinik = SS qym a'medgkii to "iqiqaimint" faeonio to wadi aid to iqiaamnik ait don ni yi .quora noqal on ;lamon :,lm 6.f x 3 snoca) (jofim .,byiI to) alevaiini .02 xo) Beboow ;dahi .ji 55 od qu aanii bnaa aena .noogal ntiw ,neari tadio & sanchai ntiw ibae .e ta .to "iqiqaimin" .dadri wel ;dadri baah .SS qym a'medgki .to .w .g .lm 0 to .,W '196 '85f ..2 'VI '90I .,ssofzuu naao [ '76 '85f aeira mangkii .(reixT ,byiI to) .noijaqel adt ui aihu ntv .,W '1'6f '74 'B6I .,adnatiniV [idaHnaV = ]eawedniM [iqiqaamiv = ]iqiqiaimii [lidA =]aaoO [lidnail =]aino [nai =]u'bedeo

-51- Ofiti[= Hiti] Ofiti[= Tepoto] Ohiti[= Hiti] Osnaburgh[= Mururoa] Otuhoo [= Tetopoto] Oura (of Cook) [ = Takapoto ] Palliser group (includes Kaukura, Rangiroa, etc. Pernicious Ids. } Schadelyk Ids. } synonyms of Palliser group. Pangataufa[= Fangataufa] Paai (islet of Rangiroa; about 12 ft. high. Papakena [ = Tureia ] Papuri (islet on outer reef of Mangareva. 48. Paraoa (low; no pass into lagoon; wooded; now uninhab., but has Gloucester. ancient stone structures at s. e. point. Hairiri. Hariri. Pavete (islet on s. side of Arutua. Peacock[= Ahii] Peard[= Mangareva] Pearl[= Mangareva] Pernicious Ids.[= Palliser group] Philip[= Makemo] Phillips[= Makemo] 61. Pinaki (of Hydr. Pilot & Chart) = "Nukutavake" of Brigham's map 22. Whitsunday. 1.5 mi. diam.; nearly circular; coral; lagoon; about 6 ft. high; well wooded, with pandamus & cocoanut chiefly & some belts of bushes; 116 or more minute islets in lagoon; uninhab. according to some authorities, but Agassiz refers to natives keeping turtles in a sink here (possibly these were visitors from other ids.) 19° 24' S., 138° 43' W. This id. (Pinaki of Hydr. Pilot) is where Townsend secured 1 Tringa parivirostris, and saw one other. Predpriatie[= Akahaina] Prince of Wales Id.[= Rangiroa] Prince William Henry[= Nengonengo] Puaumu (islet of Mangareva, on outer reef. 55. Pukapuka (9 x 3 mi.; (3 islets?) about 8 ft. high; round closed lagoon; Danger. with clusters of trees (no palms) and bushes; some of the Dog. trees 18 in. in diam., and 50 ft. high; clusters of pan- Hemake. damus trees on s. w. point; no water; no troublesome flies; Henuake. uninhab. Said to have snakes; on this or a neighboring Honden. id., one of the Peale party saw in a bush what he thought Houden. was a squirrel or an opossum, but Peale searched for it later without success. Peale party had to swim ashore from boats and back again; they could save only a few of the birds shot,

-52- abandoning the others. 14° 50' S., 138° 50' W. Pukapuka (low, & inhab., according to Brigham, but there does not Clerke. seem to be any island in this spot. Location given by Brigham is 17° 23' S., 138° 35' W. Probably same as Tatakoto. Pukararo (small islet of Vairaatea; said to be inhab. at times. Pukaroa. Three Cocoa-nut Trees Id. Tres Cocotiers. Pukaroa [= Pukararo]. 58. Pukaruha (coral atoll; 7.5 x 2.2 mi.; 12 ft. high; closed lagoon Minerva. (with islets covered with bushes); wooded, with Reao (of cocoanuts and higher trees (in clusters on s. Brigham's side); wooded on n. e. side; 300 yds. on s. w. Map 22) side is low barren flat (no vegetation); few Serle. inhab. 18° 22' 30'' S., 136° 58' 30'' W. (Brigham). 18° 22' S., 136° 58' W. (Hydr. Pilot). Both Brigham and Hydr. Pilot give location and size o. k., yet this is the "Reao" of Brig- ham's map 22. Pukarunga (one of the 2 islets constituting Vairaatea; Pukarunga is Egmont. the eastern and larger islet. Queen Charlotte [- Akiaki] Queen Charlotte [= Nukitapipi] Queen Charlotte [= Nukitavake] Raefski group [= Raefsky group] Raefsky [= Tepoto] 25. Raefsky group (comprises Hiti, Tepoto, and Tuinaki; they are thickly wooded (except Hiti?); uninhab. Raefski group. Raveskoi. Seagull group. Rahiroa [= Rangirola] Rairoa [= Rangirola] Rairu [= Rangirola] 4. Rangirola (42 x 14 mi.; narrow coral belt, enclosing lagoon (with Deans. 3 wooded islets in it); n. land rim covered with Fly. cocoanuts and other trees and shrubs; s. side barren, Nairsa. with a few wooded clusters; several passes into Prince of lagoon; inhab.; mission station. Peale party did Wales. no collecting here. Original discoverers found Rahiroa. myriads of small black flies here. Comprises numer- Rairoa. ous islets (chiefly on w. & n. sides) the larger and Rairu. some of the smaller ones being wooded. Brander, Vliegen. Mohican, and Avatoru are wooded islets, and Nui Nui is a small islet at entrance to Tiputa Pass, on n. side of Rangirola.

-28- ..."05 '03' ..B '03 '04' ..sxdto eid yuhsbawda enw eeb sfoa nd ,unniid os "grithcos" ..demi % ,wol) aotqnihl .woif} evi ualfeol ..lou eidi et fofai yad ed os mow ..yidehri .W '05 031 ..B '03 '04' et nniid-ri yd ..sngdoh" as ..asit te ,demi ed os bbs (norkeriv Y to zofai llsma) otexah .norih .. ...aetv hme-mocb eutl .eeljoob. soyl .. ncnivi = ] notni onoi beolo ;diiA ,st Sl :lm S.S x d.f ;llode fawo) sanidoh .85 dihw ,Sofow :leerdg Adw berevon zfoiei diiv) .avexiHl ..e no yzodnio nhl) eevri reniif hne sfinoooco .to) oehi ..W .. ou .aby COE ;ahie ..n .u ne bebow ;lebie s'medgihd wer ;(noffjagew on) jafi neried wol ni obia (23 qm .demi .ofre8 ..(eegidS) ..W '05 '03 '031 ..B '005 '03 "04 ..(foii ,ebgi) ..W '04 '031 ..B '03 '03l moifoei evin jolli .nii hte mstjoh dso gid to "ome" idi ei eidi teg ..x .o ebu hne .23 yon s'mel ni eunirhri ;nerrnivY nujdtttnee zfoei S edi to ene) egurnihl .mongh ..joiy vegzi bme urefezo eit ["hiabl = ] oijoind noeo [ipqesnih = ] etfoinB noeo [edaversih = ] etjoieD noeo quoy plathel = quoy hlatl [ojoce? = ] plathel exa yedi ;Dehinz bme ,ojoge" .iiH ebahmooi quoy platlel .85 .dadhm :{fiiH jyyne) bebew qdohit .quoy hlatl ..iofeval ..quoy ilpae} ([sorihall = ] sorhni [sorihnl =] sorhl [soyrusK = ] mlai ilw noqal yileofne ..llod fawo woman :;lu .A1 x 5a) ariynaa .4 ..mre berevon mih hwi .n ;ii ni zfoei bebew & .ueeo ..ide eida .a tebmie bme srevi tado hne stjoooco .yin ..dohi neeney Isweve ;ziednio bebew wol a diiv .euriH ..hib yruq siwi .rofttae delpiw .demi noopal to soirli ..dno? troevorih ianiglu ..xed snioeliea on .sofw ..nur usiymod ..xed eutl Kogb llme to zhebrg .abriHl ..vegni eid [neib .n & .w ne ylfelo) pfoei aro ..soriHd ..,rebwd .bebew patco ono-rehara edi to mmo ..niak ..iimi hne ,zfoei bebew eta vrieihk bne ,eechiiM .nogoliV ..n no ..sset eimri of sorvino te zofai llme u ai .sorignad" to obis

-53- 20. Raraka (triangular (or oval - Findlay) 15 mi. on a side; lagoon of deep blue water, with entrance at n. w. side; wooded, with many cocoanuts; few inhab. (friendly). Seven wooded islets on s. side. Peale party saw about 10 species of birds here. 34. Rarcia (atoll about 20 x 8 mi.; lagoon, with entrance on n. w. Barclay. side; lightly wooded on e. side, but n. and w. sides Barclay de, have more vegetation, including clumps of cocoanuts; Tolly. inhab. Ravahere [= Manaka] Ravahere [= Marokau] Raveskoi group [= Raeffsky] 57. Reao (long (10-11 mi.) narrow atoll; closed lagoon, with several Clermont) small islets; wooded (cocoanuts and shrubs); de Tonnerre. inhab. 18° 34' S., 136° 20' W. (Hydr. Pilot). Pukaruha (of Brigham's map 22). Recreation [= Makatea] Reid [= Tuinaka] Reiotoua (said to be in 18° 20' S., 143° 7' W., but not recognized for Buyers group many years. 42. Reitoru (3-4 mi. circ.; a pond in middle, without entrance; low; Bird. "some wood"; uninhab. Cook called it Bird island be- Heknera. cause of the "Men-of-War and several other sorts" Heueru. found here; birds in large numbers said to still occur. Hikuera. 36. Rekareka (atoll 5 mi. circ.; lagoon with boat entrance on n. e. Goodhope. side; well wooded; inhab. (few and friendly). Resolution [= Tauere] Romanzoff [= Tikei] Rurick [= Arutua] Saken [= Katiu] San Miguel [= Amamuraro] San Pablo [= Hereheretui] San Quentin [= Heraiki] St. Elmo (a group reported by Quiros, but not since found in the posi- tion reported - 21° 20' S., 143° 50' W.) St. Paul [= Hereheretui] St. Simeon [= Tauere] Schadelyk Ids. [= Palliser group] Seagull [= Raeffsky group] Serle [= Pukaruha] Sondergrond (of Le Maire & Schouten) (May = the King George Ids.) Spiridoff (of Kotzebue) [= Takapoto] 30. Taenga (10 x 5 mi.; low; lagoon, with openings at n. e. and near Holt. s. w. ends; n. end of atoll is well wooded; 2 clumps Jermaeloff. of cocoanuts on s. side; few inhab. Yermaloff. Yermalov.

-80- [illegible] .03 [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] .36 [illegible] [illegible] ,dedni "ylof" ["dneial" =] onidevae [onico"28" =] medeva9 "gaflied" = dno9) hodrova9 revas daiv ,mocaf baeofe ;Ifoda worraa [..in LI-of] ycof) "aeil .?4 ;Iadrvaa bm stmaqooi) beboov ;atafal llias (damevel0 talIT .thygl) ..W 08.9361 ..5 '26 '81 .darini ,"xrruoeT ab' ,[(S3 qem a'meripHi "to) adrumni ["naefiil =] noidevae9 [mianii =] hlei healngdoor iam jrd ..9 'V 9811 ..6 08 '81 ni ed of blee) aniolae ,esac ynam qorq mrayd of ;conarua jsodsiw ,sibim ai bnog a ;aifb .in 5-6] vrodia .24 d hnalai brH si beliao no00 .daliniw ;"boov meo" .briI "svroo "adio Ievreas bma waf-to-mem" edd 'to semoo .aeniall o lija od.blae auedam aynai ai abrid ;terao bumo? .nroniH ,avamiil ..X no aearure jsod dfiw noopai ;.orib .in 5 lioja) mieriai .26 .[yibneixt hna vet] .dalni ;beboov liiw :abla ,agoboo9 ["a"reil =] noifioned [lanIT =] loemmoH [antriA =] xoirn [niiaM =] aeian orannami = ]Iengll nan Intererodeal = san Padio nan [lirval =] niiea? nan roq ead ai hanai aenik jom jrd ,aeini) yj badreqg quov s) eail .32 (.W 08 '91 ..6 08 '15 - bejeoer noi) [Intererodeil =] lam .26 "reanl =] noeml .74 [quorq vealifd =] .abl vlabndi [quorq ylailead =] Ilpne9 [adrnaMli =] ofteb (..61 onroei yneli oaa = yed) [noeduoea a oriaK ed to) bnoryaeboi "doyeala =] (arodejoi to) Iiebirl9 aeil hua .s ..9 a synmoqo dIiw ,dogal ;wol :..in 6 x Of] yneall .05 vin 8 ;beboov liiw ai lioja to hua .n pahu .v .s .jloK .dalni wo? ;abla .s no stmaoqoo to .2Icoemro1 ..3Ioemral .rofmeriY

-54- Taeroere (islet of Rangirol. Tahanea (25 x 10 mi.; a reef, covered with wooded islets (wooded on Tchitchagoff. n. and n. e. sides, but nearly bare on s. e. and s. Tchitchagov. sides); 3 good entrances to lagoon on n. side; inhab. Tchitschagof. most of the time by natives of other ids., who have Tchitschagoff. cocoanut groves here. Taiara [= Taiaro] 19. Taiaro (about 3 mi. diam.; low; closed lagoon; thickly clothed with King.trees and shrubs; good landing on lee side; no permanent Taiara. inhab. Peale party did no collecting here. Takakoto [ = Tatakoto] 12. Takapoto (about 13 x 4 mi.; closed lagoon; low; wooded; with many islets; inhab.; in King George Group. Oura. Spiridoff. Taputa. Ura. 13. Takaroa (atoll 15 x 5 mi.; low; open lagoon; wooded in clumps on Teoukea. all sides; inhab.; in King George group. Hurricane Tickea.. of 1878 did much damage. Tiookea. Takome [ = Takurea.] 33. Takurea (atoll about 12 x 3 mi.; closed lagoon; n. end thickly Takoume. wooded with cocoanuts; generally wooded, except at Takume. s. e. side, where only the islets are wooded; inhab. Wolconsky. Wolkhonsky. Wolkonski. Takume [ = Takurea] Tandrec [= Tauere] Taputa [ = Takapoto] Tarauru-roa (islet of Mangareva, on outer reef. Taravai (islet of Mangareva. Belcher. 56. Tatakoto (atoll 4 x 1 mi. or 10 x 3 mi.; very low; lagoon with no Clerke. entrance; wooded on n. w. part, with brush on s. e. part; Egmont. inhab. Another authority says about 22-24 mi. in extent, Narcissus. with grove of high cocoanuts at e. end, with remainder Tatakoto. low & covered with bushes. 17° 18' W., 1380 19' W. Tatakotopoto (reported near Tatakoto, but not now recognized). 35. Tauere (4.5 mi. circ.; comprises 2 small islets; lagoon, with canoe Resolution. passage on n. w. side; many cocoanut trees, but most St. Simeon. of s. and w. sides are bare reefs; inhab. (few and St. Simon. friendly). Tandrec. Taueree. Taueri. Taweree.

to [illegible] eteexat no .etaboo ;etla ;babow ,diw etetoo ,teer e ;;,lm 0I x 31) aenast a lm e e .n no oad ytne rai ,ebib e n .n lm e .n .ttonnitieT lil :eblu e n no [illegible] od etabooe boo g E ;(ebib .vetnilioT ved eiu ,,eet edea to aediam ye enis ane le eow .tegaendrioT ,erod evovtj immoee .ttoniistioT ["enimil - ] eliat? beliefo vDrikt ;noegal benoia ;wof ;;,eib .lm 6 meeda) eniini ,2f manirue or :ebis eel no nribui boo g ;edudua bee seers ,30E .erod grlcoice on bib yrvq afeei .dedri .eniatT ["otumlat? - ] osoumni .dliw ;beboov ;wof ;noegal benoia ;;,lm 5 x 31 (meeda) otidetaT .3f .quorU gnuod yaff ni ;.dedri ;ntolai yuow .stro() .1206Irix2 .edjpsT .erU seunia at baboo :noegal nogo ;wof ;;,lm 6 x 3I (loa) aelint? .5f motrui .ojery ,gruod gK ni ;.dedri ;ebib lla .sedoetT .oyouab deim bib UYbi yo .enoi? .sedaoiT ["seninil - ] benoin? vlaini bee e :noegal beaio ;;,lm 5 x S1.meeda (loa) aelint? .66 gooke ,baboo vlairane ;tunadoco dliw baboo .enruiT zi ;beboov em eliaf ane yino ezedv ,ebib e o e .ennleT ,vlanojow ,vtanodloW .blanoioW ["seninil - ] ennint ["evonil - ] enrliunT [ojoqmiT = ] ajpqT .teer teino no ,averagnal to lelaj) aox-riuanT .everagnal to lelaT) levanT .telio6 .dliw noegal ;wof yrov ;;,lm 5 x 3I to .lm I x e (loa) otomnat? .68 e e n no [illegible] dliw ,lunq ,v .n no baboo :eanzine .eKriO o ni .lm 26-33 meeda yre yelodjue xednoA .dedri .tneriE stued dliw ,bee e ja eimoooe naid to etorU dliw .nualonai .W 'OI 08EI ,,9 YOI 9YI .sedan dliw beroveu e wof .otolxiel .[tealegocer won ton dud ,etlaieT raed belroej] etyqutaeiT o dliw ,noegal ;reilal (lano S aenignoe ;;,eilo .lm 3,e) otomT .69 em diri ,centt jmecee qian lobe ,v n no agseay .moimionad lie woi] .dedri ;beor ezid ere ebib .w bee e to .noelE .70 .\tlaoiir .nosil .76 .enrliu? .edroer, .lrenatT ,etrewT

-55- Taueree [= Tauere] Taueri [ = Tauere] Tauna (islet of Mangareva, on outer reef. Taweree [= Tauere] Tchitchagoff [ = Tahanea] Tchitchagov [ = Tahanea] Tchitschagof [ = Tahanea] Tchitschagoff [ = Tahanea] Tekareka [= Tekokoto] Tekava (islet of Mangareva, on outer reef. Tekokota [= Tekokoto] 32. Tekokoto (circ. reef, 1 mi. diam.; consists of long id. on e. side, Clerke? 4 ids. on w. side, & 1 on n. side; a few ft. high; shallow Doubtful. closed lagoon, with islet in middle covered with high Tekareka. Petau trees; some bushes in places; "great numbers of Tekokota. birds resort to this island." Agassiz refers to "a regu- Tekotota. lar rookery of boobies", but mentions no other species. Uninhab. Tekotota [= Tekokoto] Teku [ = Amamurunga] Teku [ = Vanavana] 54. Tematangi (atoll 7 mi. diam.; no pass into lagoon; e. side wooded Bligh. without a break for about 6 mi.; w. side wooded Lagoon. (pandanus, etc.), but in clumps; said to be now unin- hab., though former natives were hostile and said to have been cannibals. In good weather landing can be made on w. side, also on n. side of reef. 21° 38' S., 140° 40' W. 67. Tenararo (2 mi. diam.; low; closed lagoon; wooded; uninhab. (for- Bedford. merly a few inhab.); is smallest of Actaeon group. 68. Tenarunga (near (7 mi. n. w. of) Maturei vavao, and much smaller Melbourne. than that id.; no pass into lagoon; very low; wooded; no permanent inhab.; in Actaeon group. Teoukea [= Tiokea.] 26. Tepoto (small atoll 2 mi. diam.; lagoon with pass on n. side; Eliza (of Mauruc) Ofiti Raeffsky Tepoto [= Tetopoto] Tepu mui (islet of Mangareva, close to Taravai. 15. Tetopoto (9 sq. mi.? (Hydr. Pilot & Findlay say 1 sq. mi. in extent); Disappointment. no lagoon; abundantly covered with large trees (no Otohoo. cocoanuts in Peale's time); not permanently? inhab., Otoho. though "natives" have been found on it. With Napuka, Tepoto. it forms the Disappointment group. Peale party landed Totopoto. here, but did no collecting. Three Cocoa-nut Trees Id. [= Pukararo]

"storm?" = "storm" "storm?" = [illegible] "your doggo no ,avengas? to jefai? man? [illegible] = ?verza? "conna?t = ?yousaflint? "setada? = yopadofid? "senadi? = yopadodif? "secani? = ?yosanaifido? "otofufit = "keta? your nojno no ,avengas? to jefai? svwte? [otofufit?] = stoma?et . .do .bi ynoi to srilenoo ;mab .lm f ,loou o,olo ofodoke? ,30 ;deln .43 vet"s;oln .n no 1 & ,oblo .w no ,obi & ?e?relo if Kfiv horevoa allhik at jefai drhv ,noogal besofa .l?l?dnuO xreamum "morg" ;seniq ai aedind enoa ;neert mete .nievane? " or -erler slawga ".bnaif nkd of trowe abid .stecofael saje ufitu on enltnas ind ,"aeldood to vrekoo raf .s?ovioT .dehriU [otofufit? =] stofule? [sparunama? =] nite? [enrama? =] nie? oow ehla .e ;noogal odai saeq on ;mab .lm f ifojs) ?pam?net .40 hebow ehla .w ;.lm 8 thoda tel heerd a sroniv won ed of bian ;squia ni ind ,(.ofa ,eanahay) bra eifbock siew sovian "artot" dnodS ,,delal yalbna? rai?ow boog ni .afadinan neet ovni et .leet lo ehla .n no oala ,ehla .w no ahem od .W '04 001' ..8 '35 0IS ) .sedNur ;hebow ;noogal besofa ;toi ;mab .lm S) otvare? .70 wou noderol to jaelims at ;[delni vet a viton .bro?bel ifom nom tan ,eavay taunak (to .w .x .lm Y) vean) egurane? .30 ow ;toi yvev ;noogal odai saeq on ;bi fadl mads .earvofiek .querp noster? ni ;delni jhenamrog on [enolT =] asinge? ;obla .n bo eaq nliw noogal ;mab .lm S [foa lima] ofoqet .30 nidU .quory viallo? to ?oom--s hebow yfihint (formal to) aMHE 13140 vialleat [otofufit =] ofoqet .laveria? of befo ,avengas? to jefai? lim nge? se-mi .lm ,pa f yan-yahniV a jolii .thy) ? .lm ,pa O) ofoqet .21 ;sewa aytaf drhv berovo [ljmahuda ;noogal on ,?eaminlognatl int yelmerano? Jon ;[mit n'ahoi at admaoooc .all ffw .li no mnei neet ovan "navian" dgrn? .odofO ghup abed .quorx ?remlinogralD art amok li .odoc? .quibollin on hih tad ,ovad .odofolT ["varmin? =] .bi aez? hm-scoo aart??

-56- Thrum cap [= Akiaki] Tiarari (islet of Rangiroya, s. of Paoi. 2. Tikahau (circular, and 10 mi. diam.; lagoon, one or more thickly Krusenstern. wooded islets in it; entrance on w. side; well wooded; Tikehau. inhab. 14. Tikei (10 mi. circ.; small wooded coral islet; no lagoon; a few Romanzoff. inhab. from Takaroa live here, mostly suffering from Romanzov. elephantiasis. 76. Timoe (3.5 x 1.5 mi.; with strip of coral about 300 ft. wide, en- Crescent. closing a closed lagoon; about 2 ft. high; several small low islets, the highest (about 6 ft. high) covered with trees nearly 20 ft. high; uninhab. "Land- ing appeared impossible", owing to heavy surf. This is s. e.-most of Tuamotus proper. 23° 20' S., 134° 29' W. (Hydr. Pilot) Tiokoa (of Cook) [= Takaroa] Tookea [= Takaroa] Toao [= Toau] 8. Toau (25 x 11 mi.; lagoon atoll, with many islets; well wooded, ex- Elizabeth. cept at w. point; entrance on n. e. side of lagoon; in- Elizabeth. hab. at certain seasons. All fish in lagoon said to be Toao poisonous. Tokorua (islet of Mangareva. Totopoto [= Tetopoto] Toanague (of Mauruc) [= Tuanaki] Tres Cocotiers (of Mauruc) [= Pukararo] Tuanaka [= Tuanaki] Tuanake [= Tuanaki] Tuanaki (atoll; small (4 mi. diam.); lagoon, with small passage for Reid. "boats" on n. side; rim of land round lagoon very nar- Toanague. row; thickly wooded; uninhab.; largest and n.-most of Tuanaka. Raefsky group. Tuanake. Tuinaka. Tuinaka [= Tuanaki] 65. Tureia (atoll 5 mi. diam.; very low; closed lagoon; well wooded, except at s. e. side; very few inhab. Carysfort. Papakena. Turnbull (recorded in this region, but not now identified.) Tuscan (low; inhab.; recorded in 1822, as in 17° 22' S., 143° 20' W. no doubt a syn. of one of the other ids. in this vicinity. Tutu (small wooded islet in lagoon of Kawehe. Two Groups (consists of Manaka and Marokau. Ura [= Takapoto] Vahanga [= Vehanga]

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-57- 60. Vahitahi (atoll 3 x 1 mi.; no pass into lagoon (which has many Cook Lagoon. islets); large clumps of cocoanut and other trees Four Facardins. on w. part, but e. side is not wooded; few inhab. Lagoon (of Cook) 18° 42' S., 138° 50' W. Nukutawake. Vaiatekua (islet of Mangareva, on outer reef. 62. Vairaatea (2 islets on same reef; Pukararo (leeward), and Pukarunga Byam Martin. (windward); well wooded (pandanus and cocoanuts); Egmont. landing difficult and dangerous; a few inhab. Vairaotea. 22 mi. w. of Nukutavake (of Hydr. Pilot). Vairaatea [- Mururoa] Vairaatea [- Vairaatea.] 64. Vanavana (atoll 1.2 x 1.7 mi.; is a narrow sand strip (about 600 ft. Barrow. wide) surrounding closed lagoon; pandanus, cocoanuts and Kurateke. bushes grow thickly, with some hard wood; said to have Teku. (about 1861) a few hostile inhab., but they were probably from another id. 66. Vehanga (2 mi. diam.; lagoon without entrance; low; wooded; uninhab.; Bedford. in Actaeon group, 5 mi. n. w. of Tenarunga. Minto. Vahanga. Vesper (of Roggewein) (doubtful, but may be same as Cecile. Vincennes [- Kawehe] Vliegen [- Rangiroa] Wainwright [- Akamaru] Waterlandt [- Manihi] Whitsunday [- Pinaki] Whitsunday [- Nukutavake] Whytohee [- Napuka] Whytoohee [- Napuka] Wilson [- Manihi] Wittgenstein [- Fakarawa] Wolconsky [- Takurea] Wolkhonsky [- Takurea] Wolkonski [- Takurea] Wright's lagoon Id. [- Moerenhout?] Wytoohee [- Napuka] Yermaloff [- Taenga] Yermalov [- Taenga]

.leew yefiyo no ,eyoqegusM to teifii anieletaiY [enb] Haa ,(dibwas) cicimni; leen emm eo ejeif 3) nuzerleV ,30 ,ezemsoee hae aunaheej Babcow Ilew ; [brwbwriw] .nifmi naegi .danil wel.a ;taeroqnieb Ane efroittib gnihnaM .,dooxgi . [loffi ,thuf 30] etavefniaM to .w .im 32 .,aeoerleV [norunM = ] nejeriaV .notaeryaV = nojcerieV [0 zrode] qinda haez woznen a si ;.lm V.I x 5.I Ifoes) shaYnnaV ,30 lizseooe ,rezehaq i:noqei Baeiio gnihruvrins (obiw .wunai I od blee ;boow'brat emm dleW ,ezDiiK wory ueelad .,odelemM ig erew yeis ind ,.danil eiffeeB wel a [T391 luoca] .nieT .bi retfean noWt Iaw ;behcow ;wol ;aomvine Iredtiw noqael ;mab .lm 3) ngeaeV ,05 ,equzrenof to .w .s .im 8 ,quory naahA ai .,bwofed .eialM ,aquaieV .efiiceO ae onns od yem ind ,[InIeDnoB] [niewegpoif To] teqaeV [edowai = ] neirionIV [nortjuaM = ] ugeiIV [runniaA = ] J2'finnaW [liinai = ] finainoeW [biantI = ] yabnaitiaV [einvalaolih = ] yabnaitis [esimjeB = ] aedojyiM [migaei = ] oedooqyM [kiiadM = ] noiliM [auarmiaf = ] alefhnerciV [aouniat = ] yianooio8 [aextleat = ] WixnanaW [sirinaf = ] hianodifW [yinunoriceB = .bi moqel a'jjeis] 'Wrius'e IagoM BI [mirgal = ] oedoojyW [agaei = ] tfoIurrieY [aqeasf = ] volamrieY

-58- 27 a. Tuamotu (outlying Ids.) British islands, to the s. e. of the main Tuamotu group. Ducie (1.7 x 1 mi.; about 12 ft. high; lagoon; has low trees (about 14 ft. high), which form a thick canopy of bright green foliage; uninhab., birds being the only living things seen. MacFarlane says a "very dangerous atoll, having a sandy beach with some clumps of bushes, not more than 40 feet high, on its northern side; and a barrier-reef, over which a very heavy surf was breaking, fringes the remainder. The lagoon is very shallow, and has a few passages suitable for boats in calmer weather." (he was here March 16, 1884.) 24° 40' 40'' S., 124° 47' 40'' W. ?Encarnacion. Elizabeth [- Henderson.] "Encarnación" [= ? Ducie; also reported circa 24° 55' S., 136° 42' W., but "existence doubtful." Henderson (5 x 2.5 mi.; 80 ft. high; raised coral; covered with trees, Elizabeth. interlacing shrubs, etc.; uninhab., though 2 men from ?San Juan the "Essex" were stranded here in 1820, but "eventually" Bautista. rescued. They may have exterminated a species or two. Henderson is a dependency of Pitcairn; is bounded on all except n. side by cliffs of dead coral rock about 50 ft. high; landing only possible on n. and w. sides; reef on n. w. point. Rats and mice are numerous. 24° 24' 45'' S., 128° 18' 30'' W. Oeno (small; very low, hence "highly dangerous"; coral reef surrounds a lagoon, near centre of which is a small islet covered with shrubs; near n. end are 2 sandy islets a few ft. high; said to be a channel for "boats" at n. e. part of reef, but land- ing said to be dangerous, even when possible; uninhab. 65 mi. n. w. by n. from Pitcairn, and a dependency of it. 23° 55' 30'' S., 130° 44' 20'' W. Cocoanut trees have been planted here. Pitcairn (2.2 x 1 mi.; 1000 ft. high; well wooded to summit on n. side, but more barren than formerly, "owing to the gradual dis- appearance of the trees"; bordered with steep cliffs and naked rugged rocks; landing limited to one or two places, elsewhere shores are perpendicular. Inhab. by descendents of the mutineers of the "Bounty"; goats, pigs (and formerly sheep) and poultry are kept. 25° 04' 00'' S., 130° 05' 55'' W. San Juan Bautista may = Henderson; reported by Quiros in 24° s., 139° W., which would place it nearly 2° s. by w. of Ahunui. "Existence doubtful."

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-59- 27 and 27a. TUAMOTU GROUP. PHASIANIDAE. Gallus gallus (Linnaeus). Pitcairn: Nicoll (runs wild). TRERONIDAE. Ptilinopus coralensis Peale. (Type locality: Carlshoff = Aratika.) Aratika: Peale. Fakarawa: Townsend. Makatea: Townsend. Makemo: Townsend. ?Manihi: Peale. Niau: Townsend. Raraka: Peale. Peale saw two species of "doves" on Manihi; one of them was prob- able this species, and the other doubtless a Gallicolumba. P. smithsonianus Salvadori is a synonym, based on the same skin! Ptilinopus insularis North. (Type locality: Henderson Id.) Henderson: Stephen; Tait & Jamieson. Stephen found them in flocks of 20 or more. Globicera aurorae (Peale). (Type locality: Aurora = Makatea.) Makatea: Peale ("in great abundance in high woody districts"); Townsend; Wilson; Nicoll? Peale described this from "Aurora or Maitia Island, one of the So- ciety Group", meaning, however, an island of this name in the Tuamotu

-75- [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] .ellet = Model463 :villsef or(1) .elsei [illegible] [illegible] .clef: varlata .breawot :awriak .breawot :ocjafal .hobrowt :oncfal .clef :dinaly .breawot tonk .clef :moral -dont saw need to end 'idink' no 'sowb' to seizego and was also .shinofilari a sajidosa redo out but ,seizeg alit yids abla ona out go nana, pronye a st trovies amakbaring .1 [.bl roremal vylifoci egyt] .dnuh etjefmai amonilll .nevisat a jil togeds :marestel .tom to OS to sfoof ni madt anro? medgec [.semin = avni vylifoci egty] .(clef) [illegible] [illegible] ;["sofijab choow dala st somabuda teery ni"] clef :medicam ;flook :mouli ;breawot -oc out to and .hual alift ro sromu" now std bedrcoeh afeit eteman? ont ni omo nift to hualt as ,revwon ,nlasem ,"grovi yjelo

-60- group, now known as Makatea. As there is a Maitea or Mehetia island in the Society group, about a hundred and twenty miles due south of Makatea, all, or almost all subsequent writers have considered it to be the home of this bird, and it is so recorded by Wiglesworth, Sal- vadori, Sharpe, etc. Wilson had several from Makatea given to him by a friend at Tahiti, but he did not remark on the supposed unusual locality; and the suspected new genus of pigeon from Makatea, mentioned by Nicoll (Ibis, 1904, 57) was doubtless this species. Townsend says the species is "rather common." PERISTERIDAE. Gallicolumba pectoralis (Peale). (Type locality: Aratika.) Aratika: Peale. ?Manihi: Peale. Peale landed on Carlshoff (or Aratika) Sept. 3, 1839, at 2 P. M., and remained until sunset. The island then contained "but a few acres of forest land," but the trees had a dense growth of bushes under them, thus giving fair cover for this species of ground pigeon. It was probably due to this restricted area that he got two specimens of the bird, the only individuals he saw and the only ones thus far known. These are immature, or possibly an immature bird and a female, and lack the distinguishing characters that mark most of the species, and have thus never been fully identified, nor even definitely ascer- tained to be different from any species of neighboring groups of islands. If hogs or cats have been liberated on the island since 1839, or if the

-08- [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

-61- undergrowth has been cleared for the planting of cocoamts in this interval, the mystery may never be solved. However, the same species probably occurs on neighboring islands, which are rather closely placed in the Tuamotu group. Peale saw two species of doves on the island of Manihi (not far to the south and east of Aratika), one of which was probably the present one. Gallicolumba albicollis (Salvadori). (Type locality: Bow = Hau.) Bow or Hau Id.: Belcher. Gallicolumba, sp. ?Bow or Hau Id.: Belcher. A bird in the British Museum, said to be from Bow Island, is referred to G. erythroptera by Salvadori (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxi, 601), who questions the locality. RALLIDAE. Porzana atra North. (Type locality: Henderson Id.) Henderson: Stephen; Tait & Jamieson. Said to be common in the interior, in thick scrub, and very tame. The collectors made no comment on whether the bird is capable of flight. This point, and the true generic affinities of the species, are worthy of investigation. PUFFINIDAE. Cook (1st voy.) saw "a Bird which was all white, except the Tip of each Wing; it was nearly as big as an Albetross", on April 3, 1769,

{ "text": "-18-\n\n\n\n\n[illegible]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-62- when he was in the vicinity of the Tuamotu group. Whether it be- lnged to the Tubinares is not certain, though probable. (See under Rapa Island.) (A. Lesson reports a "Procellaire" from Mangareva, circa 1840.) ?Pterodroma alba (Gmelin). (Type locality: Christmas Id.) Pterodroma parvirostris (Peale). (Type locality: Hemake.) Near Hemake (Dog or Honden): Peale. The type and only specimen was obtained Aug. 20, 1839, near this island, and Peale wrote "they breed on the coral islands." Loomis (Auk, 1920, 88) decides that parvirostris is a synonym of alba Gmelin; he is probably right as far as Christmas Island is con- cerned, but fresh material from this locality and the Tuamotus should be compared, as there is a distance of about 1800 or 2000 miles between the two places. ?Pterodroma neglecta (Schlegel). (Type locality: Kermadec group.) Near Pitcairn: Solander. A specimen obtained by Solander (the Procellaria melanopus of Solander's MS., nec Gmelin), on March 21, 1769, near Pitcairn, is identified by Mathews (from Solander's description and drawing) as nearest to Schlegel's neglecta. "Large Petrel." Ducie: Macfarlane. Macfarlane found eggs March 16, but obtained no birds; genus and species still in doubt. He does not say whether the eggs were

-63- laid on the surface or under ground. Puffinus, species. Henderson: Tait & Jamieson. Very plentiful, and laid their eggs on the ground among the scrubb all over the island. A "Mutton" bird, probably the same spe- cies, was found plentiful by A. E. Stephen, with eggs (Sept. 10, 1907) in the scrubb. Nicoll saw two dark shearwaters at or near Pitcairn, in March. STERNIDAE. (Peale saw a "few Terns" on Pukaruha; he also found "Terns" on Manihi. A. Lesson found "une jolie sterne" at Mangareva.) Gygis alba pacifica (Lesson). Akiaki: Townsend. Ducie: Macfarlane (eggs March 16). Henderson: Stephen(plentiful); Tait & Jamieson. Hemake: Peale. Manihi: Peale. Pitcairn: Macfarlane (said to breed in Sept.); Nicoll (seen). Tekokoto: Townsend. Megalopterus melanogenys (Gray). Henderson: Tait & Jamieson (not so common as preceding). Makemo: Townsend. Rangiroa: Townsend. Raraka: Peale.

-68- .hamoyt toqiw to sna?me adt no hlaI .seloqe, amitiPi .nosema! & tlat :noxehmaH ed) zmoa hamoyt edt no ygo tledt hlaI ma ,lulitneiq yieV e waa adt yidadorq ,buii "not?mi" A .hnaI edt xeve lia ddrioa (,Of ,jqe8) egge dliw ,hedye30 .E .A yd lulitneiq hmo? aw ,seio .ddrioa adt ni aet ni ,utleotM leon to se azeiwneda xrah owt waL lIooH .sALUHWIG "anreT" hamo! oala ed ;cruwMi no "anre? wae" e was else) (.averqma! la "anre? elie, awu" hmo? noseel .A .IhinaM .(nosea!) aolitey adla alnu) .kreevwoT :blaIA .[dI detsl egge] enafteleal :olon .nosema! & tlat ;(!u?itneiq)hedqe30 :noxehmaH .eloF :eiamm .eloF :IdinaM lfoolH ;(.jqe8 ni hord ot bwa] enafteleal utleotig .kreevwoT :otomoe? .(yaeO) yxneomaem amiejuLseM anibenoq se nemoa oe lon) nosema! & tlat :noxehmaH .kreevwoT :omeM .kreevwoT :ovIgue? .eloF :meiaf

-64- Anous stolidus pileatus (Scopoli). Aratika: Peale (multitudes breeding on trees, Sept. 3, 1839). Ducie: Macfarlane. Henderson: Stephen (not very common). Makatea: Townsend. Makemo: Townsend. Manihi: Peale (seen). Pitcairn: Macfarlane (not breeding in March); Nicoll (seen). Raraka: Peale. Procelsterna cerulea teretirostris (Lafresnaye). Henderson: Tait & Jamieson. Henuake: Peale (breeding and had eggs, Aug. 21, 1839). Pitcairn: Nicoll (seen). Rangiroa: Townsend. Henuake is the type locality of Megalopterus plumbea Peale. The type locality of teretirostris was not indicated in the original description. Onychoprion lunatus (Peale). (Type locality: Kawehe.) Kawehe: Peale (large numbers, in Sept.). Rangiroa: Townsend. Saunders says this species appears to represent anaethetus in this group. Onychoprion fuscatus (Linnaeus). Henuake: Peale ("great numbers"; had young ready to fly,

-65- Aug. 21, 1839). Peale says it was observed "throughout all" of the group visited by the Wilkes Expedition, as well as "on most of the coral islands of the Pacific" (visited by the expedition), breeding on islands not in- habited by man. Thalasseus bergii rectirostris (Peale). (Type locality: Fijis.) Makemo: Townsend. ?Sterna dougalli Montagu. Tuamotus: recorded by Gray. Locality, as well as species (or subspecies) probably in doubt. SCOLOPACIDAE. (Peale saw "Snipes" on Manihi, and A. Lesson reports "le phalarope", "le courlièu", and "le chevalier", from Mangareva.) Phaeopus tahitiensis (Gmelin). Kawehe: Peale ("abundant", Sept. 2, 1839). Makatea: Townsend. Makemo: Townsend. Kawehe is the type locality of Numenius femoralis Peale. Heteroscelus incamus (Gmelin). Henderson: Tait & Jamieson. Hemuake: Peale (Aug. 21, 1839). Makemo: Townsend. Rangiroa: Townsend. AEchmorhynchus parvirostris (Peale). (Type locality: Hemuake and Raraka.)

-83- ,1952 ,11 .mra iv quora 'edf 'o "ifa Jutugornis" berrodo abv di qura alaeT alldaeli krrco od' lo ram no" do llow as ,nolilbqpeu swillV adf vd ,om vu b6idmI [119 :vtlianoI eqyT) ,(aiaeT) aJtJgArlaeua Jlnad arnanaIdT ,bneanwoT :omealH .mnolroIl JlLqbooh haredT ,ve'do vd babroner :ancommT uuh al vldeceuy (sateegadm 'no) balooqs do llow as ,vlilaoel -MACERATMODE orlalmiq eII' aIvqoeu nssnal .A hne ,lllmell no "aqginS" vaa elaeT) (.avetagnol mort ,"relfavedo al" hne ,"ueil'kron of" ,(allleoll) alsnaelJlkdI arnoaelTI ,1952 ,3 ,7yeB ,"fnabrndaa") elaeT :arlenwl .bneanwoT :oealmH ,lxteanwoT :omealH ,olew' oIlJtllueI aylmeuIk 'o vtilanoI eqy'd adf al adwenI ,(inllemO) arnank aulJoeeaelII ,noeaimeL & llleT :noevabmH ,(eBdl ,1E ,qraI) elaeT' rehamell .bneanwoT :omelak .bneanweT :norlgnalI zo oJmeueh vlllaaoI eqyV] ,(aleaeI) aJtJgArlAEeI arnanaLmEaIA (.mlraH

-66- Henuake: Peale (common; had eggs and young on Aug. 21, 1839). Pinaki: Townsend (Oct. 31, 1899). Raraka: Peale (less common than on Henuake). Apparently closely related to A E. cancellatus from Christmas Island, of which no specimens are extant. Christmas Island is about 2000 miles from the present localities, and there is a fair chance of the two forms being different, as indicated by a comparison of speci- mens with Latham's original description. Peale says it alights "on bushes or on the ground". He got five specimens, one of which was sent to the Chicago Academy of Sci- ences and was destroyed in the fire of 1871; another was sent to the Boston Society and was lately transferred to the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The other three specimens, and the one collected by Townsend, are in the National Museum. No specimens appear ever to have reached foreign museums, and so little has been heard of the species since Peale's time that Rothschild, who was not aware of Townsend's discov- ery, included it among his "Extinct Birds" as "undoubtedly extinct." The chances are favorable for its present occurrence on suitable is- lands in the Tuamotu group--those on which cats and pigs (and foreign rats) have not been introduced. From Peale's account (in his MS. journal) of the difficulty of landing at Henuake, it is likely that this island is still in almost the same primitive condition as when he stopped there, and if so, the sandpiper will probably be found as

-58- [12, pua na amuyi haa mya ha] [harmoo] e'lae' to'lamah. [0931 ,12 ,yoo] hmawwee' :mianik .[alamal no nan] amwook ael) e'to'k' tae'wail aenirul mo'qanilqaa .AI of hataer yiselo yihamxqA na al Enial anzaingO ,juxxe oya emmooqa on do'iw to ,horal amilo xit a el d'odt han ,nellianof jhesoy orl mot' adih 0008 oqs to nairtpqne e yu Detenhal an ,noretlih yalid mwo' omi art; ,ndiqivoseh lanpi'xo a'misai d'tw aron dup ol ."Hemoy ad no to sedani no" asgilia ji myas alae' lo to qmbsaqA opnalD edl of tnee saw do'iw to on ,mmimooqa avil if os ane saw redone :1761 to wit' ad ni beqrraah saw has aeena raeqmU lo aueam end of barretanod ylael aw has yiolooh nohae awwT qd hefao'oo emi edt han ,nmemoqa eedi redto edT .yjloooS down avai ot 'ave mmoqa ammicqg ok ,naemni fanoltali adl ni vae aodie malqga edl to belod (moe' and ci'li) on has ,mmvemu ylanol roedh a'maanwoi' to stwa for aw emi ,bilmoodoii jade euli e'lae' .ooitze yheddpuah

-67- formerly. While Peale described the eggs, they have long since dis- appeared, if, indeed, they ever reached Washington. Crocethia alba (Pallas). Sanderling. Henderson: Tait & Jamieson. CHARADRIIDAE. (A. Lesson reports "le pluvier" from Mangareva.) Pluvialis doninica fulva (Gmelin). Hau (or Bow): Belcher. Makatea: Townsend. Makemo: Townsend. Tikei: Townsend. ARDEIDAE. Demigretta sacra sacra (Gmelin). Ahii: Peale. Aratika: Peale. Makatea: Peale. Makemo: Townsend. Mangareva: A. Lesson. Rangirola: Townsend. PHAETHONTIDAE. (A. Lesson refers to one species on Mangareva; and Peale saw one species on Pukaruha, but he did not land there.) Phaethon rubricaudus Boddart. (Type locality: Mauritius.) Ducie: Macfarlane (breeding in great numbers, March 16).

-14- [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] (allem) sifit afitnah afaivutl [illegible]: (wol to) miit [illegible]: maitaak [illegible]: ommiait [illegible]: ioclii -MAKININA [illegible] sissa aijarvialmiit [illegible]: illaa [illegible]: soikiana [illegible]: aatzieliit [illegible]: omoaill [illegible], A inuvigniarl [illegible]: onniqniai -BAKTEBORMIAK [illegible] [illegible] (maik ten kib an imt, adrucait) no aaloeqa [illegible] tigiiliuul oqqi?]. [illegible] sirmaliqiarl amdiiait. [illegible], [illegible] nni qniheerzi) eiml-tatmiit: ielcit

-68- Hemake: Peale (breeding; eggs, and young ready to fly, on Aug. 21, 1839). Pitcairn: Nicoll (seen). SULIDAE. (Bennett, in his "Narrative of a Whaling Voyage", vol. 2 (appendix), gives notes on the fresh colors of various boobies observed by him in the Pacific islands, from which it appears that much remains to be done before a final determination of the forms inhabiting Polynesia can be attempted. Distances are great in this region, and there are many widely separated colonies of the genus Sula, which makes it de- sirable that careful notes on the colors of soft parts be taken of the birds of each group of islands, particularly of isolated colonies.) Sula "cyanops" (Sundevall). = Sula dactylatra Lesson. Hemake: Peale (had eggs, Aug. 20, 1839). Sula leucogaster plotus (Forster). Makatea: Peale. Tekokoto: Townsend. Sula piscator (Linnaeus). (Type locality: China Seas.) Henderson: Tait & Jamieson. Hemake: Peale (many hundred pairs building nests, Aug. 21). Tekokoto: Townsend. FREGATIDAE. (Frigate birds were numerous on Henderson (Stephen; Tait & Jamieson) and Peale saw a few on Pukaruha, but did not land there. Adolphe Lesson

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-69- mentioned one form from Mangareva.) Fregata aquila, subspecies. Hemake: Peale (breeding, in great numbers, Aug. 20). Fregata ariel ariel (Gray). (Type locality: Raine Island, Aus- tralia.) Makemo: Townsend. LORIIDAE. Coriphilus peruvianus (Miller). Makatea: Peale. Niau (or Greig): Garrett. Rangiroa: Townsend. Vini stepheni (North). (Type locality: Henderson.) Henderson: Stephen; Tait & Jamieson. Not very common; usually in pairs on plateau of the interior. Related to V. kuhli of the Fanning or Line Islands. Family -----? "Lanius gambieranus" R. P. Lesson. (Type locality: Gambier = Mangareva.) Gambier (or Mangareva): A. Lesson. This bird was collected by Lesson's brother Adolphe, who was a surgeon in the French navy or marine, and spent four years in the South Seas. It was described by Lesson as a Lanius, and was in his collection at Rochefort. No one has satisfactorily identified it, and the specimen appears to have passed out of existence, or at least

-80- .(,rvothpall moT arvi) ana bencTnae .welpoqeou ,alimn slermli .[25 ,anl ,vresdun tsoy el ,yhlbeed] olsef :retionol ,nelki unel :yrilneof epyT) .(yveD) laima lelna slermli ,(allert .bneanwol :connati .SAGLIDOL .(tolflel) aemetyren welfdaluol. .alewl :oefmlel .djerwd :(yietu to) uelI .bneanwol :merinwul [.rostanool yrilneof epyT] .(dJroL) inderia leln .nocehnl A tlaT :nwdgeDl noorlehnol volreml edl to unelalg no etlam ul yIlaman :ndouee yrev tolI .ehosial anll xo udelnel edl to tlIdng .Y ot bofareil T----.yIlneDl = "eoldeuO :yrilneof epyT) .dnoael .Y ,A "emmxalJema slermli" ,(rvelepmull .nonced .A :(avergeall to) waldmaD new adw ,adqleDA tedrore a'nooeul yd leJoelIco new huId alne edl ul suhey tseT dreea hae ,sultan to vwen donere eue ul noogrun e nid ni new hna ,pplgal a un nouneal yd bedtroeul new ll .,neod JemDl ,ll helIlImabi yllofoeInrta ane om ok .dvoleDool ta welpoefleo toel to to ,sneedwue to dno heesq ovnl ot omoqqa nomleege eul hne

-70- out of the sight of ornithologists. It has been placed in Eopsaltria and also in Pachycephala, by various authors, but it is in all prob- ability something quite different. One student has suggested (but not in print) its identity as a Conopoderas, but as Lesson was the proposer of the genus Tatare (= Conopoderas), based on the Tahitian species, he would probably have recognized its affinities, were it a member of this genus. ("Dicaeidae." Pinaroloxias inornatus figured for many years as a bird of Bow (or Hau) Island, in this group, but it proves to be a member of the Fringillidae, from Cocos Island, off Panama, where Bel- cher's ship also stopped.) SYLVIIDAE. (Peale makes the following general observations on the genus below: "We obtained specimens of this variable species, at the Paumotu Group of islands, at Tahiti, at the Samoan Islands, at Tongatabu, and sundry other places in the South Pacific Ocean. It is the most widely spread of all the Polynesian land-birds. The most usual colour is pale buff beneath; brown wings and tail, the feathers of the latter tipped with buff; and the back and head mottled with brown and buff. We have not seen any two specimens exactly alike: they vary from a chocolate- brown to white; in fact they vary in markings, colour, and size, al- most as much as domestic poultry; but their sprightly wren-like actions, and sweet song, are the same in all. They frequent close bushy patches

-71- of vegetation, and sometimes reedy marshes; are difficult to shoot, unless the hunter excites their curiosity, when they will expose themselves." ) Conopoderas vaughani (Sharpe). (Type locality: Pitcairn.) Pitcairn: Vaughan; Nicoll (fairly abundant). Bennett (Narrative, 1840) probably refers to this species as one seen about 1835, "a small and noisy species inhabiting the wood- lands" of Pitcairn. Nicoll says it is the only land bird. Conopoderas taiti (Ogilvie-Grant). (Type locality: Henderson.) Henderson: Stephen (seen); Tait and Jamieson. Said to be allied to C. vaughani, and has the same tendency to albinism shown in some of the other species of the genus. Conopoderas atypha atypha Wetmore. (Type locality: Fakarava.) Aratika: Peale. Fakarava: Townsend. Tikei: Townsend. Wetmore says the Aratika bird is more buffy below, and the Tikei examples are "very slightly darker above" than typical speci- mens from Fakarava. Conopoderas atypha rava Wetmore. (Type locality: Pinaki.) Akiaki: Townsend. Pinaki: Townsend. Only one skin from Akiaki is available, and Wetmore thinks the bird from this island will prove different when more are at hand. Conopoderas atypha crypta Wetmore. (Type locality: Makemo.)

-IV- [illegible] [illegible] (c) 1980 by the American Physical Society [illegible] (c) 1980 by the American Physical Society [illegible] (c) 1980 by the American Physical Society [illegible] (c) 1980 by the American Physical Society [illegible] (c) 1980 by the American Physical Society [illegible] (c) 1980 by the American Physical Society [illegible] (c) 1980 by the American Physical Society [illegible] (c) 1980 by the American Physical Society

-72- Makemo: Townsend. Conopoderas atypha agassizi Wetmore. (Type locality: Apataki.) Apataki: Townsend. Conopoderas atypha nesiarcha Wetmore. (Type locality: Rangiroa.) Rangiroa: Townsend. Conopoderas atypha erema Wetmore. (Type locality: Makatea.) Makatea: Townsend. Conopoderas atypha, subspecies. Hereheretue: Townsend. Only one specimen, in alcohol, "but there is little question but that it is distinct." (Wetmore.) Conopoderas, species. "Gambier" (Mangareva?): Garrett. "Disappointment" (Napuka?): Peale. Kawehe: Peale (heard). Manihi: Peale (heard). Raraka: Peale (heard). These islands are probably inhabited by various forms of un- described species of the genus. Peale was at the above islands for a period of about two hours each, so did not have much time to collect species he thought he had already found on other islands. To him this genus represented one variable species.

-73- (13) GENERAL NOTES ON THE MARQUESAS GROUP. Georg Forster (son of J. R. Forster), in April, 1774, found the birds of Tahmata "much like" those of Tahiti, but "they were not frequent, and in no great variety." He made only a very short stay here, and evidently did not visit the mountains, of which, on the south side "rises a peak, which is very craggy and inaccessible." They also saw some "rats." Bennett says various "amphibious" birds occur on the coast of Tahuata. Principal collectors in the Marquesas group: J. R. and Georg Forster, and Dr. Anders Sparrman, visited Tahuata (April, 1774) on Cook's second voyage. W. G. von Tilesius visited Nukuhiva (and possibly other islands) on Krusenstern's voyage (1803-06). F. D. Bennett (circa 1833-35) collected or observed birds at Tahuata. Dr. Adolphe Simon Neboux (Voy. 'Vémus') was at Resolution Bay, Tahuata, Aug. 5-9, 1838. Hombron and Jacquinot (Voy. 'Astrolabe' and 'Zélée') were in the Marquesas, May-June, 1838; at Nukuhiva, in August, 1838. Dr. Hinds (Voy. 'Sulphur') was at Nukuhiva Jan. 20, 1840. Edelestan Jardin made a small collection in the Marquesas group about 1855 (cf. Bonaparte, Comptes Rendus, XLI, 1855, pp. 1109-1113). Some of the Tubinares recorded from this collection

-74- may have come from far outside the limits of this group, possi- bly anywhere on the voyage from France and return, but we are not yet sufficiently familiar with Polynesian ornithology to disregard them. Furthermore, there is a "desert" region on the west side of Nukuhiva--visited by Jardin--that is little known, ornithologically. Andrew Garrett collected at Hivaoa and Nukuhiva, about 1876? Rev. James L. Green sent a small collection, in spirits, to Tristram, in 1880. Dr. C. H. Townsend (Sept. 15-17, 1899) visited Nukuhiva, on the Agassiz Exped. He says the ornithology of the group, with the exception of Nukuhiva and Hivaoa (with its neighboring islet Tahuata) "is unknown", and that "all of the larger islands are forested and may yield much of interest to naturalists." Material from the group has also drifted into the hands of ornithologists from naval officers, ship crews, etc.

-75- (13) Marquesas group. "Iles de la Révolution" (Marchand, 1791) was given to the n. w. group of the Marquesas. "Roberts Isles" is a name given by the 'Daedalus'. Nos. 1-6 are in the "Washington Group." Nos. 7-11 are in the "Mendana Group." High and of volcanic origin (but no craters known to exist); mtns. usually central, with ridges and valleys extending to coast; often broken and irregular in form. Belong to France; seat of Gov't. is at Nukuhiva. Monthly schooners from San Francisco to Tahiti, stop at Nukuhiva, and a schooner plies betw. Tahiti and the Marquesas every 6 weeks or so. Pigs, goats and fowls occur wild on all the inhab. ids. Adams [- Huapu] Adams [- Nukuhiva] Ariadne rock (13 ft. high? Baux [- Nukuhiva] Blake [- Motuiti] Borne (islet off Hanaiapa Bay, on Hivaoa; 50 ft. high. Chanal [- Hatutu] Christina [- Tahuata] Church (volcanic islet on s. side of Huapu. Coral Ids. (2 coral islets, 6-9 ft. high, occur about 9 mi. e. of the e. end of Hatutu. Cristina [- Cristina] Dominica [- Hivaoa] East Sentinel = Mataou 2. Biao ( 6 x 3 mi.; 2000 ft. high; shores rocky; well wooded in spots, (and there are "pines" on some of the higher places; and a (grove of cocoamuts; no regular inhab.; said to have "good (pasturage" for cattle, so there are grassy stretches on the (id. Inhabited by "tropical oceanic birds. These were in (great numbers about it, and it seemed to be a place of their (general resort." Freemantle. Hiaou Hiau Knox Masse New York Roberts. Fatou-Hiva [- Fatuhiva] Fatou-houkou [- Fatuhuku] 11. Fatuhiva (s.-most of the group; 8 x 4 mi.; a much peaked mtn. is (3675 ft. high; e. side extremely rugged, ridges running (from centre of id. down to precipices at coast; on n.

-37- .quorq zaeemprall (EI) 'niI ab eB ai 'noitpuoey ai '(reVI ,dnuaemll) saw nevib oT edf u .u v ,aeemprall edf ro quorq '.enilabeD' edf yb nevig emax a si "sefal s'tedoH" ".quoro noiguldeaw" edf ni eva 8-I .soH ".quoru anahraM" edf ni eva 11-? .soH ;[saxe oT nwmi zreBzo on Tnd) niKiro olacpov lo bma ahy oT yuibnetxo ayolfav bna segbir d'tw ,laxneo yilanes .anjm .arol ni zaliyevri bna neord noes ;jaesoe ofeefoB eromoc :see to 'ov'v ro TneS ;oomr of qoofe oroes yid'neli .sviDunW ta si .j'voO ooedea a hna ,svidinui ja goja ,itkif of coaimenH asB morT . .oe to xleow 8 viere aeemprall edf bna lidaf ?wjed seifq .abi .dahri edf fla ro dliw trwoo aiwol bna uxeo [nyanH =] zmaahA [svidinuiW =] zmaaha Yd@id ,Jt EI) :aodvIH no ,yad aqlanaH 'To lefal antor [sviDunivye =] beex [itintoH =] miaf [ntintA =] lanan [s'jamiaT =] amlie'T .onrm) omrmaic olacpov ,a no lefal 'eBia .a no lefaI 'o abia .nyanH it To .e .im 8 tnoea ruwoo ,dgid ,Jt @-S ,sjefal laven (s) .abi lavoI .ndudall 'o hne .e [suijaiuK =] anijaiTo [conviH =] aoinmo nootM = leinme8 jnaI .3 onlM ) im 8 x S ;dgid ,Jt 000S ;y'loor seveda ;abid ,Jt o mi bahoew liew ) bma ;aeceifq 'edg'id edf ro amoa no "seniq" eva eredi hna ) )oorg 'oT oeooesoe ;s'tmaseoe on ;dahri ra'uger on ) boog" evad of blaa ;.dahri ) "seavere" roT oarH ,offiao ro'r segrueas ) ) .bi 'imbeidani yd "procielc laciqor" ya ) xi orow eradi .aBxid olmaseo ) id 'to coofq a ed of hamese ji bna ,ji tnoea zedmae taerg ) ".J'roer laveneg ) .yf'neaoorY monih naH xox aanaM New York .Kodede [sviDinTa% =] sviih-noTay [miniintA% =] noixod-noTay .ii 'sevinTa ,Jt GVSC) to yaoM-.s ;quorq edf .im 8 x S ;dgm a bna besneq dom a :.mjm inunri negbir ,beppir y'lamrexeo abib .e ;dgid ,Jt GVSC) .n no ;tnooO ja aeolypoev of swah .bi 'to erinee morT)

-76- (and s. side the land slopes more regularly to (the sea. Fatou-hiva La Magdalena Magdalena Matuhiva Motuhiva Santa Madalena Santa Magdalena 7. Fatuhuku (a single high rock, 1180 ft. high; flat on summit, with (gentle slope to southward; barren and uninhab.; natives (say landing is impossible, but on s. side there is a (place where landing might be effected. This may be a (breeding place for birds. Fatou-houkou. Fetohugo Fetugu Fetuku Hood. Fatuuhu [= Hatutu] Fattuuhu [= Hatutu] Federal [= Nukuhiva] Fetohougo [= Fatuhuku] Fetouhouhou [= Hatutu] Fetugu [= Fatuhuku] Fetu-hugo [= Fatuhuku] Fetu-huhu [= Hatutu] Fetuku [= Fatuhuku] Flat (islet on s. coast of Huapu. Franklin [= Motuiti] Freemantle [= Eiao] Gunner's Quoin (volcanic islet on s. side of Haupu. Ile Plate. Haane (islet on s. side of Huahuna; 508 ft. high; rocky and of a red- (dish violet color. Motu Haane Hanake (rocky islet, 120 ft. high, in Traitor's Bay, Hivaoa. Hancock [= Hatutu] Hat [= Teauana] Hatoutou [= Hatutu] 1. Hatutu (4 x 1 mi.; 1380 ft. high; stunted vegetation in places; (has "an abundance of fish and sea fowl", and is only occa- (sionally visited by natives from Nukuhiva and Huapu. Chanal Fatuuhu Fattuuhu Fetouhouhou Fetu-huhu Hancock Hatoutou

-37- of vitafmer viom sagois hnaI edt ebis .a hun) .sea eds] sviif-202at anaiaigai ai anaiabani avidutai avidojoi anaiabai aniae anaiabgai ana V. ?amimta? a) efinie dgid ,koor .si OELI ;dgiid .si no jaft ;jimua no V. ;dnawinaoe ot ogola eidng) ;dezininu hae naxad : riian : a si eredt abis .a no jud ,oifiaaogai ai yatnael vae a ed yam eidiF .beoe?he ad sulpim quibnae avday ooaicq) .abrid rol ooailq ynilbeord] .woiiod-202at ogvodode nguta mimi .booi [Patumin =] miimi [Patumin =] Patumi [avidimi =] Iedarel [Petumim =] ogvododo [Patumin =] Petunhodom [Patumin =] Patgu [miimi =] Petu-imio [Patumin =] Peta-mimi [miimi =] miimi [Patumin =] Petum .igqari to jaaoe .a no taiei) taifY [iinvoM -] nikaarei 'oei?Ei =] Praseamare? .nymil to abla .a no taiei simofov) miom ?remu's .ojafi oii HaeiaI taieI on aet .a no taiei ;dgiid .si OEE ;saumirui to abla .a no hae ypiour ;dgiid .si 806 .2oico taoioiv daib) emaah nroil Hanahe (toeiI piour) eianah [utnaeI =] xooonah [anauaE =] jai [niueal =] nojiojoh .I .L I x 1) niuiail ;.lm OELI ;dgiid :dehndia noidatexov ui aeeoalf ;aeceiq "Inol ae? hae nait to saahanda na" aed) .oou vino ei hae , .nymai hae avidimiai motl sevikim yd bofaiy viifanota) [anaeD miintea niutite Patumin Petunhodom mimi-njae xooonah nojiojoh

-77- Langdon Nexsen Height [= Hemeni] Hemeni (conical id. on s. w. point of Huahuna, 318 ft. high and 1 1/2 (mi. in circ.; "much frequented by sea birds." (No clue to (this in Brigham.) Height Hergest [= Motuiti] Hiaou [= Biao] Hiau [= Eiao] 8. Hivaoa {22 x 6 mi.; "1280" or "2820" or "3520" or "4135" or "4460" La Dominica. Dominica. Ohiva-Hoa. ft. high; largest, highest and most populous and most fertile of group; wooded; inhab. Some Euro- peans have settled here (since 1880) and coffee and cotton are raised. West of the e. point is a barren cliff, and white sandy beach for 5 mi. A grassy slope occurs at Taahuku Bay. Borne and Hanake are islets. Hood [= Fatuhuku] Houahouna [= Huahuna] 5. Huahun (7.5 x 5 mi.; "2430" or "2805" ft. high in its e. part; (wooded and fertile, especially on w. side; inhab. Haane is an islet on s. side Hemeni is an islet on s. w. end Teauaua is an islet on s. w. end Motu papa is small islet on s. w. end Houahouna. Massachusetts Guahouka Guahuka Riou Roahouga Uahuga Ua Huka Ua-Una Washington. 6. Huapu (9 x 7 mi.; 4042 ft. high; rocky and bold, with various Adams. columns, spires & pinnacles; red cliff with a cavern Marchand. on n. side of id.; luxuriant vegetation in valleys Napu. on w. side, & hills in rear are lightly timbered with Cuapou. Casuarina & other trees; inhab. Roapoa. Islets are: Church (s. side) Flat (s. side) Roapoua. Gunner's Quoin (s. side) Obelisk; these are of vol- Roapua. canic rock. Trevennen. Motaukuii is a flat islet off n. point. Uapoa. Off n. e. point are two barren islets. Uapora. Reddish islet is in a bay on n. side. Uapu. Washington.

-17- [im =] [inewH] [onocnoo =] [inoenI] [otlo al .lm) (.manpi'lu al eids) [jgialK [lintol =] [eogreH] [oalK -] [noaIH] [oall =] [naIH] "081" to "2214" to "0835" to "0888" to "0891" ; .lm 3 x 23) nosvir ,8 [.acolmno al Ie DomimH] .acolmnoH .soH-avniH [munivta =] [boonH [anmiin =] [aunthanoH ;jiqg .e eji ni kaid .jr "2083" to "0885" ; .lm 2 x 6.7) kaniani ,8 .dadni ;obia .w no yifaisoqes ,olfwoH bna hebew) obia .a no teiei na al eenaI bne .w .a no teiei na si inewH bne .w .a no teiei na si anuueT hne .w .a no teiei ffema al aqay ntoIH .anmohauH afteanmoaaIH mirodaoH emlamO Gnamio zohI aqorlaoH agandaU mini aU aIU-aU .notnidaeW anoirav dliw ,bfod bna ylnor ;dighi .jr 2408 ; .lm ? x 3) nyanH ,6 .teven a dliw ??ilo ber ;eefoanniy & neviqa ,anmies .awfifov ni nolnasegov jnaixnnI ; .bi 'to obia .n no .w bevedmi' yidgii era veor ni uIIin & ,obia .w no .dadni ;eevT rado & aniramuO (obia .a) [aK (obia .a) damlU :ora efoelI .Iov 'to era aeeds ;eifed[obia .a) olonD a'kammQ .Moor ofnao .jnloq .n ??o teiei jaft & ai liimsmol .afotel nezzad owj era jniog .o .n ??O .obia .n no yed a ni al teiei nelHbelH

-78- Ile Baux [= Nukuhiva] Ile Plate [= Gunner's Quoin] Ingraham [= Nukuhiva] Knox [= Eiao] La Dominica [= Hivaoa] La Magdalena [= Fatuhiva] Langdon [= Hatutu] Magdalena [= Fatuhiva] Marchand [= Huapu] Marchand [= Nukuhiva] Massachusetts (of Roberts) [= Huahuna] Masse (of Roberts) [= Eiao] Mataou (islet at entrance to "Comptroller Bay" [= Taichae bay]Nukuhiva. East Sentinel. Mattau Mattau [= Mataou] Matuhiva [= Fatuhiva] Mohotane [- Motane] Mohotani [= Motane] 10. Motane (5 x 2 mi.; 1640 ft. high; rocky, "sterile" (one authority) (or "wooded on the summit and in the ravines" (Hydr. Pilot); (ininhab. except at times by fishermen. Mohotane Mohotani Onataevo O-nateaya San Pedro. Motaukui (small flat islet at n. point of Huapu. Motu Haane [= Haane] Motuhiva [= Fatuhiva]. 3. Motuiti (a volcanic, pointed rock; 720 ft. high; barren, except Blake. for a little vegetation on lea side, & said to be Franklin. quite inaccessible. Near it, to the eastward, are Hergest. two other islets not so high; barren, and "swarm Two Brothers. with sea birds"; landing can be made, but is difficult. Motuiti (a pointed rock in Hataivea bay, on n. coast Nukuhiva, & "gener- (ally swarming with sea birds." or "Gulls." Poiku Motukeokeo (small islet detached from Hemeni, off s. side of Huahuna. Motumi (small islet of Nukuhiva, at entrance to.Taichae harbor. Mutonoe West Sentinel. Motupapa (a red islet on s. side of Huahuna. Mutonoe [= Motunui] Napu [= Huapu] New York (of Fanning) [= Eiao]

[avidiini] = xnae efi ["nion" s'"rennu"] = efiaT iil [avidiini] = maritjai [ooli =] xori [osaviH =] sotinoD ai [avidai] = asofabpi aI [niial =] nobgmai [viduJei] = asofabpni [vquii =] bxavotik [avidiii =] bxavorik [annaei =] (ajroDo to) ajxomioaaak [ooli =] (a'jroH to) eanik "yad aaidoiaT =] "yad taefortquu" of axonike ja tejai} noaaik .leninoo daai nejaM [noaaik =] nejiM [aviduii] = aviduial [eastoi =] aanjodol [eaato =] inacjdoil nodium ano) "eifTea", ypior; aqii .jt OaiF ;.im 8 x 2) eaaool .oI M ,rbY]) "aeiavz odt ai bna timme od no bebooo" re) .neerriaik vd aeait ja sqeoe ,damaik) enajodol Inajodol ovastanO ayaaT-an-0 .oxre naa .nxani to tnlog .n ja tejai taif [Iana] liiXnaJol [enaah =] enaah nJolM [avidiia] = aviidive sqeoe ,neriad ;daij .jt O5Y ;noor bsnalog ,oiumooT a) iinoK .6 of hie 8 ,elie aeI no noIstogev eifiii a rot .sotaid .brawdae edt ot ,ji raen .eidiaaaooni ejiup .niXnaF awm" ban ,neriad ;qiiq an jon ateiab redoT owi .taeqoaiH at jud ,ebaK od nae gnibuaI ;"abrif aea diiw .avedrora owt .jiioiihib q" 8 ,avidiinii daao .n no ,yad aeiviaH ai Xoor beiniq aj iinoJol ".eifi" re "aahid aee dsiw gaIerewa ylia) Poli anniaii to abia ,s ?to ,iawael moat hedoaaJ tejai [Iana] coxoonioM .yodiim eaidoiT .01 aonome ja ,avidiini to tejai [iana) imuooH aonoiM .IenineG JaoW .annianl to abia ,s no teiai bar a) sqaqnool [inoiJol =] ocooM [wan =] wqy [oai =] (yanmni' fo} xoy wa

-79- Nexsen [= Hatutu] Nou-Hiva [= Nukuhiva] Nouka Hiva [= Nukuhiva] Noukoulava [= Nukuhiva] Nukahiva [= Nukuhiva] Nukahiva [= Nukuhiva]. 4. Nukuhiva (14 x 10 mi.; nearly 4000 ft. high; lofty mts. and (fertile valleys; has wild cattle, sheep & goats; on w. Adams. (side is a desert region (petrels may breed here); in- Baux. (hab.; Mataou and Motunui are islets; Motuiti is a rock Federal. in Hataivea bay. Ile Baux. Ingraham. Marchand. Nooaheevah. Nocheiva. Nou-Hiva. Nouka Hiva. Noukouhiva. Nukahiva. Nukahiva. Nunhiva. Nuhiva. Sir Henry Martin. Nuuhiva [= Nukuhiva] Obelisk (volcanic, "reddish" islet s. of Huapu; "whitened by birds." Sugar-Loaf. Ohitahoo [= Tahuta] Ohiva-Hoa [= Hivaoa] Onataevo [= Motane] O-nateaya [= Tessan's name for Motane] Ouahuuka [= Huahuna] Ouahuka [= Huahuna] Guapou [= Huapu] Poiki [= Motuiti on n. coast Nukuhiva] Riou [= Huahuna] Roahouga [= Huahuna] Roapoa [= Huapu] Roapous [= Huapu] Roapua [= Huapu] Roberts [= Eiao] San Pedro [= Motane] St. Christiana [= Tahuata] Santa Christina [= Tahmata] Santa Cristina [= Tahuta] Santa Madalena [= Fatuhiva] Santa Magdalena [= Fatuhiva]

-80- Sir Henry Martin [= Nukahiva] Sugar-loaf [= Obelisk] Tabouata [= Tahuata] 9. Tahuata (9 x 5 mi.; 3280 ft. high; narrow ridge of mtns. extends (whole length of id.; other ridges occur, with deep narrow (valleys between them; wooded; wild cattle occur in mts.; (inhab.; only anchorages are on w. side. Christina. Cristina. Ohitahoo St. Christiana. Santa Christina. Tabouata. Taouata. Tauata. Waitaho. Waitahoo. Taouata [= Tahuata] Tauata [= Tahmata] Teauaua (small rocky islet, 0.7 mi. circ., s. side of or near Shavay (bay, s. e. side of Huahuna; "much frequented by sea birds." Hat. Teauua Teauua [= Teauaua] Trevenmen [= Huapu] Two Brothers [= Motuiti] Uahuga [= Huahuna] Ua Huka [= Huahuna] Uapoa [= Huapu ] Uapora [= Huapu ] Uapu [= Huapu] Waitaho [= Tahuata] Waitahoo [= Tahuata] Washington [= Huahuna] Washington [= Huapu] West Sentinel [= Motunui]

[avldmiia =] nidiM yvnell 10 "cliclFod =" 2u9o1-tuglaT "sjamieT =" atzaroa? breixe .enm ?e agblx wovran ;rJaii .d'T 088E ;.lm 3 x (9) stamiT??.0 zam yeaH dliw ,twoco sugbix zedro ;.dI 'o atgmel afoiw( asm nI twoco offtso dliw ;Roboow ;meT neewt avyif)( .obie .w no era segareona (Vno ;.daii) .arJialu0 .anltaia oodali0 .sreHaireU .3 .aniaH Uaana .stanoa? .stanoo? .staa? .odaliaW .oodiieW "sjamieT =" atzaroa? "sjamieT =" stanT .3all anuroT "anxueo? =" ansroT "qyaul =" nanneve? [1dintolM =] areiToor owI "anniami =" qamlaU "anniaui =" sHini aU "nyaul =" aoqaU "nyaul =" nvoqaU "nyaul =" nyau "sjamieT =" oHaliaW "sjamie? =" oodalieW "anniami =" noyanliaaW "nyaul =" nofanlaiaW [lunujolM =] leni3e6lW

-81- (13) MARQUESAS GROUP. TRERONIDAE. Ptilinopus mercieri (Des Murs & Prevost). (Type locality: Nuku- hiva.) Nukuhiva: Mercier; Garrett. Ptilinopus tristrani Salvadori. (Type locality: Hivaoa.) Hivaoa: Garrett. Ptilinopus dupetithouarsi (Néboux). (Type locality: Tahuata.) Marquesas Ids.: Jardin; Green. Hivaoa: Garrett. Nukuhiva: Gray; Townsend. Tahuata: Néboux. Serresius galeatus Bonaparte. (Type locality: Nukuhiva.) Nukuhiva: Jardin, etc. Head, neck and lower parts dark gray, darker on top of head and napc; back, wings, and tail dark shining green; under tail-coverts chestnut; feathered skin on forehead of a "saddle-like shape, cover- ing half the culmen", and whitish gray. (Abridged from Salvadori.) Bonaparte says it is confined to the west part of Nukuhiva, in the region called "Fema-taha" by the natives, and rarely penetrated by hunters. His "Fema-taha" is probably the "Hema-Ataha, or desert land" of Findlay's Directory. Jardin assured Bonaparte the bird was "plus frequent" in Tahiti, but he may have confused it with the Globi- cera auroræ or "wilkesi" of that island, though a supposed Serresius

-18- .qnoeQ saqyuram (II) -saimonvet [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] :salavieH :sviDimisH (.noaviH rvylisooI eqyT) .trohavieD [illegible] amouliiT .ttarvD noaviH [illegible] :rvylisooI eqyT) .(xroDii) [illegible] amouliiT .neeT0 :albraL :.aHI eaaanpimI .ddervieD noaviH .bneDmwoT ;qyeT0 :sviDimisH ,xroDii :tstamieT (.sviDimisH rvylisooI eqyT) .sTeqaqenD amoufaa amlaaraeH .oDe ,albraL :sviDimisH na Been to qeS no vavrab ,yary kTaB adraQ revoI ana koeK ,koeH [illegible] 'vebuH ;neery guimria kTaB iLaT hoe ,qyair ,aDed ;eqeo revoe ,egaira eLii-olbbae

-82- R. forsteri has been recorded from Tahiti, and its status remains unsettled. Wiglesworth identifies this species with S. forsteri (ex For- an ster MS. from "Tahiti"), but Salvadori leaves forsteri as uniden- tified species, and possibly a "Carpophaga?", with a suggestion that it may be Globicera wilkesi (= aurorae). PERISTERIDAE. ?Gallicolumba rubescens (Vieillot). (Type locality: Nukuhiva.) Nukuhiva: Tilesius; Bonaparte. There are said to be no specimens now extant, and the bird is only known from Krusenstern's figure. Forster refers to a bird from the Marquesas that may be this species, but he does not describe it. Salvadori queries the genus, but Hartert, who has examined Krusen- stern's figure (Atlas zur Reise von Krusenstern, 1814, pl. XVII), says it looks like a Phlegoenas [= Gallicolumba], and if the locality is correct "is a species peculiar to Nukahiva." (Novit. Zool., XXIII, 1916, 94.) DIOMEDEIDAE. Albatrosses. Phoebetria palpebrata (Forster). (Type locality: 47°-71°10' S.) Marquesas Ids.: Jardin. Diomedea "exulans". Marquesas Ids.: Jardin. PUFFINIDAE. Shearwaters, etc. Daption capense (Linnaeus). Pintado Petrel; Cape "Pigeon". Marquesas Ids.: Jardin.

-17- mutaqa aniaqaaqtut, inuulliqsimajuq. .kaalimmiit -yo' xai ijaqpaq .S diw aatloqqi qiniit naittittamiin niuvveeqariv de -naakinaa sa ijaanvoqi savaaq itoheviis suu ,["iiilaq" noxi .NM toqa ni naiaiqguu a uziu ,"taunaaquiall" a vidloqqi baq ,aatloqqi taillit .(saquna =) ianlllaq nianliqoqi od yuu ti .KAIIESTRAIIM ,aviinaaq :yriilaqii egvi.) [toilieliv] anuunneqar aatlooliliall .ejraanaas ;aizeliit :avliinmiit zi biid edi baa ,tjaazxa won nnaainoqqi on od of bine owa tsiidT noxi biid a od svalet taataxoi ,oungit a'nuuqanaaqti noxi awaai yiino .li adivooch zou seob ed tuu ,aatloqa alii ed yuu taait naanapram edt -naaauii baaauure aad odw, tjaaztai iud ,annog edi aalirp itoheviaaq ,[3117 .iq ,biiq ,nuuqanaaqti nov eniel yua caiaA) singit e'taade jiiaqoi ed ti baa ,[adwiloqiliall =] naanooliidi a miti afool ti awas [317 .,looi ,liivii] ".avliinmiit od taifiioqqi aatloqqi a ni" jooiruo oi (.,02 ,aieq .aauvvoqiadA -KAGIIOOMIIQ .0 'OROT-OSL :yriilaqii egvi.) .(tataxoi) niaanaqian niidaaqoii .nirbiat :nhi aasempruut "aaalua" aaabomiit .nibiat :nhi aauumpruit .ote ,srietavvoedi -KAIIMIIQ .",noogil' ege ;IorleP oboqii .(seuanmi) saaquna holiaa .nibiat :nhi aasemprui

-83- Bulweria macgillivrayi (Gray). Marquesas Ids.: Mus. Tristram (Green). HYDROBATIDAE. Small Petrels. Fregetta albogularis (Finsch). (Type locality: Kandavu, Pijis.) Marquesas Ids.: Jardin. STERNIDAE. Gygis alba pacifica (Lesson). Fairy Tern (all white, with black eye-ring). Marquesas Ids.: Filleux; Garrett; Green. Gygis microrhyncha Saunders. (Type locality: Marquesas Ids.) Nukuhiva: Saunders; Green; Townsend. Only recorded with certainty from Nukuhiva, though lately said to occur on Nawodo Island (see under No. 2, Caroline group). Anous stolidus pileatus (Scopoli). Marquesas Ids.: Jardin; Garrett; Green. Procelsterna cerulea teretirostris (Lafresnaye). Marquesas Ids.: Mus. Brit.; Mus. Tristram (Green). Thalasseus bergii rectirostris (Peale). Marquesas Ids.: Garrett. Onychoprion fuscatus (Linnaeus). Sooty Tern. Marquesas Ids.: Jardin; Mus. Tristram (Green). SCOLOPACIDAE. Phaeopus tahitiensis (Gmelin). Marquesas Ids.: Mus. Tristram (Green).

-25- .(yan) Iweryllium silicid .[nech] mentaT .eM :.bl eanupM .eferG IlS ,BAGITAMOH . ,(no) aluimla aitom .niP :.bl eanupM .BAGITAMOH (,zile ) mE YvIe .[ceae] saicam aLa sIm .[uit-axo .neT ;idriG ;xellF :.bl eanupM (.M anemurI yviLooI eqT) .rabmG afmaukna sIm .neawf ;neT ;rabm :avMni (,aM ,zile ) mE YvIe .[ceae] saicam aLa sIm .qorp alfoK ,S .oI xabn ee) haI oboM no Tuoo .(foqG) aaElI aHiGa amoA .neT ;rraG :niP :.bl eanupM (,xno) saLlIz aeTe neePlacM .[ne] menT .eM :.bl eanupM .(le) aijorLa lued aemaiT .reraG :.bl eanupM .aT yoo ,(.aM) aTaN mIaopM .[ne] menT .eM :.bl eanupM .BAGITAMOH .(aen) alalIde araa .[ne] menT .eM :.bl eanupM

-84- Heteroscelus incanus (Gmelin). Marquesas Ids.: Jardin; Green, etc. Nukuhiva: Townsend. Tahuta: Forster. Forster (1844, p. 174) described a variety of his Scolopax undu- lata from Tahuta--probably the present species. CHARADRIIDAE. Pluvialis dominicus fulvus (Gmelin). Marquesas Ids.: Jardin; Liverpool Mus. (Green). ARDEIDAE. Demigretta sacra sacra (Gmelin). Marquesas Ids.: Forster; Jardin; Green, etc. PHAETHONTIDAE. (A species of Phaethon breeds (or did breed) on Motuiti, accord- ing to Bennett.) Phaethon lepturus Daudin. Marquesas Ids.: Jardin. Phaethon rubricaudus Boddaert. Townsend obtained 3 skins about 600 miles east of this group. SULIDAE. Sula piscator (Linnaeus). Marquesas Ids.: Jardin. Tahuta: Bennett.

-68- (a[illegible]) (a[illegible] (a[illegible] ,odo ,neen) unibral :;abi neenupral ,fneanvoT ravbinuk ,reenvoT iasunuk -abau aemofna eid to yfolsev a bediebed [ST 10q ,398] redevd ,seleoye aneovp eid yldedouq--anmia? moti AIAI -KAGLIGLANAHO ,(nifeo) sarin' onoinubeb niaivuuI ,(neet?) ,eid fooqvuiI inibral :;abi neenupral -KAHIHUA ,(nifeaD) maee moae afeanuei ,do ,neen? unibral prefaoT :;abi zaedpral -SALIXHOPIAN -Preoua ,IJurOH no (bead HES ae) aheod no[T?]A to nefoqe A] (.}Jormed of vai ,nibeD erepual maiEoe ,ni'ral :;abi zaenupral ,preatbof adimixeri antiepi aie? to iaez eailx O68 nnoe amHa E beniaqo aneanvoT ,roor? -KAIIUHE ,(aeeanHI) rorearij AieH ,unbral :;abi aeaurpral ,Ileued iasuni

-85- Sula leucogaster plotus (Forster). Marquesas Ids.: Forster. FREGATIDAE. Fregata "aquila". Marquesas Ids.: Forster; Garrett. LORIIDAE. Coriphilus smaragdinus (Hombron & Jacquinot). (Type locality: Nukuhiva.) Marquesas :Green. Nukuhiva: Tilesius; Hombron & Jacquinot; Hinds?; Jardin. Salvadori (Brit. Mus. Cat.) uses the name ultramarinus Kuhl for this species, though Kuhl's description appeared in 1820, and the type was supposed to have come from "Nova Hollandia?" CUCULIDAE. Urodynamis t. taitensis (Sparrman). Marquesas Ids.: Jardin. MICROPODIDAE. Collocalia ocista Oberholser. (Type locality: Nukuhiva.) Marquesas Ids.: Jardin. Hivaoa: Garrett. Nukuhiva: Townsend. ALCEDINIDAE. Todiramphus tutus (Gmelin). Marquesas Ids.: Mus. Leyden.

-86- Halcyon godeffroyi Finsch. (Type locality: Marquesas Ids.) Hivaoa: Garrett. Tahuata: Forster. Garrett collected the type specimen, which may have come from Hivaoa. MUSCICAPIDAE. Pomarea nigra (Sparrman). Marquesas Ids.: Jardin; Green. Hivaoa: Garrett. Tahuata: Forster. SYLVIIDAE. Conopoderas mendanae (Tristram). (Type locality: Marquesas Ids.) Hivaoa: Garrett. Conopoderas percernis Wetmore. (Type locality: Nukuhiva.) Nukuhiva: Jardin?; Townsend. ?Marquesas Ids.: Green.

-87- (10) GENERAL NOTES ON THE LINE ISLANDS. The earliest information from this group came from Cook's visit to Christmas Island--discovered by him Dec. 24, 1777. They found various birds: "Under the low trees sat vast numbers of a new species of tern, or egg-bird, black above, and white below, having a white arch on the forehead. These birds are somewhat larger than the com- mon noddy; their eggs are bluish, and speckled with black. There were likewise many common boobies; a sort greatly resembling a gamet; and a chocolate-coloured species, with a white belly. Men-of-war birds, curlews, plovers, tropic-birds, petrels, &c. are also to be seen here. We saw several rats, smaller than ours." Fanning, in 1798, discovered the island bearing his name, and describes the little lory in his "Voyages." Bennett and Coulter visited Christmas Island about 1834, and made a few observations on birds. Streets visited several of the islands in the winter of 1873-4, and made collections, but some of his birds were lost, and all of his collection of eggs was destroyed by rats on ship. He collected only on the western side of Christmas Island, and spent only "a part of one day" on Washington Island. The latter he says is the "most re- markable of the group", being an "obliterated atoll", and having in "place of the usual salt water lagoon" a "lake of fresh water, one mile long and half a mile wide, with a depth of four fathoms in its

-88- deepesl part. "J. V." (or J. T?) Arundel collected a few birds for Tristram on Fanning Island, about 1881 or 1882. Lieut. MacFarlane, R. N., visited some of the islands in 1884, and collected a few sea birds, but not one of the above were expert collectors or naturalists. Wm. Ellis was an artist or draughtsman on Cook's voyage. On some of his drawings Latham based descriptions of new species, which were later given names by Gmelin. Latham also based some of his descriptions on specimens or drawings in the collection of Sir Joseph Banks. G. R. Gray similarly recorded some specimens or drawings in the British Museum from this (and various other) groups, though nei- ther he nor Latham ever visited Polynesia.

-89- (10) "Line Islands" or Fanning or Washington group. The Hydr. Pilot includes various other scattered islands under the heading "Line Islands." Some authorities claim these for the U. S., but most of them seem to be British in fact. Bird (s. e. islet of Palmyra. Christmas (40 x 35 mi.; low; lagoon id., covered with sand and coral rock, with scattered bushes and cocoanut and other trees; cocoanut trees are now "being planted," and the id. has been leased for this purpose for 99 years; no regular permanent inhab., and no regular ship connections. Cook (islet at entrance to lagoon of Christmas id., 10 ft. high and sandy. Fanning (9.5 x 4 mi.; very low; large and shallow lagoon; some guano formerly exported; very fertile; covered with cocoanuts 60-90 ft. high; an Englishman owned the id. and pressed cocoanut oil about 1876; now a cable station (cable from Vancouver Id., B. C., and Suva, Fijis); a "rifle range" has been erected for the employees, who have probably shot more at live targets; Union Co. steamers call every two months, and a schooner visits here about twice a year from Honolulu; only vessel entrance is English Harbor, on s. w. side. Some introduced "natives" col- lect copra. New York [= Washington]. Observatory (s. w. islet of Palmyra. Palmyra atoll (many (possibly 50) islets on reef; 5.2 x 1.5 mi., enclos- Samarang. (ing 3 lagoons; some islets with cocoanuts, others with (less vegetation. Not inhab., but traces of former inhab. (exist. Now a part of Territory of Hawaii, and owned by (Mr. --- Cooper, Pres. of College of Hawaii. Prospect [= Washington] Samarang [= Palmyra] Strawn {islet of Palmyra Uahuga [= Washington]

-129- ... .qouaq nojguinbaW to primme? to "abnafoi eali" (0I) [illegible] oof rabuq ehaniai bofotaaq ;eebo aooirew cahafni volH , .2 .O oid rof eeedi xlaia nehivrooqee emo? "abnafoi erii" ...Joa3 ni daifriid ad od meex medt to .erygiaW lo tofei .e .s) Bria [illegible] [illegible] .2 .O .bi neqmeI ;wol : .im O6 x O4) amtef-miQ [illegible] [illegible] ina adedmi bofojjane dliw ,tooX ina ",bofnaiq yuqed" won owa eeri? jnmoosee ;oewri ;easey 92 xol eacqubiy alri3 wol bennai need naI .bi [illegible] raivaw on hna ,.daofl [illegible] .nofoeg na dyfi .JY O1 ,.bi aanjaibii to meogai od eanjiine ja tofei) xooQ a.jj aroa inooqal woRlaae hna ogiai ;wol qiev : .im 3 x 5.1] primme? [illegible] adiw Borevoo ;aliye? qiev ;beJnoqwe y[near?] ag hna .bi odt benwo aehiaifgmi na ;dyfi .JY O9-O6 srfdae) nofjase efdes x won ;078I jnoda lio [illegible] n eflita" s :[a]L[?],.avdi hna ,.O .8 ,.bi revnooeT dedouy evoi odw ,.seylaqmo odt xol befoaxe neod saI Eloo eremaei ,0o noloU ;noveuai avii to ezoo toda ecivi jnoda evoa adialv zanoohos a hna ,alivon owi ligmi ni eomeewe feeeew vino :minioanli mo? xany "nerieae" beoeborini amo? .abla .w .a no ,.xedtall ,eruqoo toai ,[nojqulinbaW =] xroY woh .erygiaW lo tofei .w .s) yrofveeod) re ,,bi 5.I x 3.O ;teer no eJefsi (O6 yfifienoq) ynni lfeva erygila? [illegible] erodio ,.stnsoooe dliw ejelai omoa :tanooyai & gvi) , .qaeveaW ; reeri? to aeoeiw iuf ,.Jnaai tolH .nojaaregov awoi) benwo hna ,ilawak lo yrofiireT to diaq a woli ,Jaixe) .ilawal lo egaflod lo .eovi ;roqooO -- - ,"di) [nojqulinbaW =] Joaqori [erypIa? =] uouiaao erygiaW lo tofei) meauJH [nojqulinbaW =] aqnino

-90- Washington (3.5 x 1.2 mi.; 10 ft. high; fringing reef; some guano but New York not worked; has "fresh" water pond but water is said Prospect to be unwholesome; covered with fine cocoanuts and Uahuga other trees, with some bush; has "peat bogs"; some in- hab. (imported from Tahiti to press cocoanut oil); id. is "privately" owned; schooner visits here twice a year from Honolulu. Alleged "guano" islands reported in this vicinity, and said to belong to the U. S. America (alleged 3° 40' N.; 159° 28' W.). Prospect (alleged 4° 42' N.; 161° 38' W.). Samarang (alleged 5° 10' N.; 162° 20' W.). Sarah Anne (alleged 4° 00' N.; 154° 22' W.).

-91- (10) LINE OR FANNING GROUP. Family ________________? "Quails." Christmas: Bennett; Coulter. Bennett (May, 1834-35) refers to land birds under this name. He cruised for three years or more in the Pacific, and paid considerable attention to birds, especially sea birds. His "quails" were probably land birds of some sort, though hardly pigeons, as he met ground pigeons on Caroline Atoll and identified them as "doves." It should be recalled, however, that some of the pigeons of this genus (Galli-columba) flush like quails, and Bennett only "saw" the birds here. John Coulter visited Christmas Id. about the same time, and mentioned "occasionally getting a shot at a curlew, or on the land at a quail." (Adventures, etc., vol. I, 1847, p. 28.) If a quail, the bird must have been an introduced species, which perhaps flourished for a time, and later disappeared. As the ground pigeons did occur at Caroline Atoll, it is possible that they ranged as far as Christmas Island, and if so, the species would be new. PUFFINIDAE. ?Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin). Giant Petrel. ?Christmas: Gray. Wiglesworth suggests that a mistake may have been made here, and that Christmas Harbor, Kerguelen Id. is the more likely explanation.

-15- "__________" "ELIEN" ,neloel ;monel samalmoD ,osem ekh-vemeh abid lgal oe arlel (86-666 ,yeh) jfennef ,eraklaee ehq ha ,otloeh aei al eves te ersey seedi "of' Saelme ,adew sew "alamp" ael .abid me yilaleeqe ,abid of moimeda ,amry hae al ae ,aenqig yibtaf lqeot ,troc ome to abid lael ,one el "..erol" ee ment heiienehI hen lela cailemD oe aenqig ,eelg ead fo aenqig edd fo eee dat ,xorwee ,belzoo ad ,eset abid ed "vee" ylna taeemI hae ,alamp edil het : (amne ,eh ha ,eli gae ed jaea .el amelaed boiav vetinD ael ,la lael edd fo te ,weivm a ta jade a quldag "glumlaee" ecel ,ed ,lamp a el (..as eg ,XAEI ,I .Eov ..ofo ,aeinevha) "..lamp ,eaelmeH aquerq Mela ,eolsge beebouli ne need evel Jem hild ,sebo bib aenqig emry edd ae .Sernaqalh vetaI hae ,eel a vet ,eluo oe eet ae hevem yed Jee edlaeq al el ,lela cailemD ta ,red ad Alov aloora edd ,ae "i han ,bneal . .ferel lnae .(elien) aneizala aesanqemH ,yet samalemo? hul ,eel oer reed ofa eue mela a del aeque djewofylD ,elmaene yledI erom edd el .el nelegmD ,yeel samalmo taef

-92- He says the "species certainly occurs in Polynesia", but he gives no other record. Puffinus obscurus (Gmelin). (Type locality: Christmas.) Christmas: Latham. No recent record, and Mathews suggests it may occur only in the breeding season. He refers to it under the name P. lherminieri di- chrous Finsch & Hartlaub. Puffinus nativitatis Streets. (Type locality: Christmas.) Christmas: Streets, breeding in January. Puffinus "chlororhynchus" = pacificus, subspecies. Loomis (Auk, 1919, 487) says it has been obtained on the Fanning Islands, though Wiglesworth does not record it from this group. Possibly it is one of the preceding, under another name. Pterodroma alba (Gmelin). (Type locality: Christmas.) Christmas: Latham (ex Banks collection); Streets. Loomis (Auk, 1920, 88) identifies this species with Procellaria parvirostris Peale, after comparing two specimens from Christmas Id. (collected by Streets) with the descriptions given by Latham and Gmelin, though a series from here and from the Tuamotus (the type locality of parvirostris) may prove them to be different. Streets found "parvirostris" breeding in January, with eggs. STERNIDAE. Onychoprion fuscatus (Linnaeus). Sooty Tern.

-93- Christmas: Latham; MacFarlane--breeding in great numbers on Oct. 16, 1884. Palmyra: Streets--abundant and breeding in December, at extreme east end of island. Sterna vittata Gmelin. (Type locality: Christmas Island.) ?Christmas: Latham. Reported from this island, which is its alleged type locality, but Saunders and Wiglesworth think an error was made and that Christmas Harbor, Kerguelen Id., was the locality in fact. The species occurs at the last named place, and Cook's vessels stopped there. Not other- wise recorded from Polynesia. Sterna australis Gmelin. (Type locality: Christmas.) Christmas : Latham. Not known since Cook's time. Related to S. frontalis Gray, from the s. w. Pacific, but said to be smaller. Saunders makes it a doubt- ful synonym of S. virgata, and thinks this is another mistake for Christmas Harbor, Kerguelen Id. Anous stolidus pileatus (Scopoli). Christmas: Streets--breeding in January. Fanning: MacFarlane. Palmyra: Streets--breeding in December. Washington: MacFarlane. Megalopterus melanogenys (Gray). Fanning: Arundel.

-CP- [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

-94- Procelsterna cerulea (Bennett). (Type loc.: Christmas and other Fanning: Arundel. islands.) Christmas: Bennett; Macfarlane--eggs on Oct. 7, 1884. Gygis alba candida (Gmelin). (Type loc.: Christmas and other ids.) Christmas: Latham; Bennett--very numerous, with eggs in May; Streets--eggs in January. Fanning: MacFarlane; Arundel--breeding in "considerable num- bers." Palmyra: Streets--eggs in December. SCOLOPACIDAE. Phaëopus tahitiensis (Gmelin). Bristle-thighed Curlew. Christmas: Bennett--common in May; Gray; Streets--common in January. Fanning: Arundel. Palmyra: Streets--more common than on Christmas, in Dec. Streets says it occurs on the "other" islands of the group, but he does not enumerate the islands by name; his observations were made in Decem- ber and January. Heteroscelus incanus (Gmelin). Wandering Tattler. Christmas: Streets (in Jan.). Fanning: Arundel. Palmyra: Streets (in Dec.). AEchmorhynchus cancellatus (Gmelin). (Type loc.: Christmas.)

-16- .in hon nentaind :ool erg): .(sifrom) alihmna arldeinort .alnoal .lobnrA rylnmaI :oonf y :oo no oggo--eneInoel ;onrroS renrlemd nro ho nentaind :ool erg): .(nifom) alihmna adla rhdI nl ogg dIv ,nporum vrev--doned ;nedral renrlemd .rymla nl oggo--eeoel "olderblan" nl mlbeerd--lobnrA ;enirnoeal rylnmaI ",aed .redmoe nl ogg--eeerlD :erymal .EADIBANJED .wn(voo hngtI)-eldral .(nifom) nlenrldel ennoedK nomoo--eodrd ;ydl ryd nl nomoo--dennd :enrlmd .rymlal .lobnrA rylnmaI .oed nl ,renorhD no hdlf nomoo erve--eoodrD :erymal od ned ,qvor edl lo alrdal "red" ed no ernoo dl ogg eeedd nl nl ohm orev noltvrndo ald ;enM yd ahlral edt enreeme toI .rymla hla ved ,edld pIvebnd .(nifom) ennqI enlneordel .(uel nl) eodrd renrlemd .lobnrA rylnmaI .(oed nl) eodrd :erymal ,(enelmlD :ool erg): .(nifom) ardlbnnm nnonaMdoIA

-95- Christmas: Latham (ex Banks collection); Ellis. Not recorded since Cook's time, and no example now extant. If cats or pigs have not run wild here in the interval since Cook's visit, there is a fair chance the species may still exist; for this short- billed sandpiper was almost too small to be pursued for sport or food, and the island is large enough (40 x 35 miles), with much sand and coral rock, sufficient to sustain a bird of this kind. A close ally has been found on three islands in the Tuamotu group, about 2000 miles away, and probably occurs on more of them. (See under next species.) The few "collectors" who have visited Christmas and other islands of this group seem to have done very indifferent work. Streets was a U. S. Naval surgeon; MacFarlane was a British Naval man, and Arundel was mainly interested in the exploitation of guano and cocoanut-oil; all of them pure amateurs. Crocethia alba (Pallas). Sanderling. Christmas: Streets--common. Palmyra: Streets--more common. This identification is by Wiglesworth; Streets called it "a species of Tringa", and it is not improbably that this was Aechmorhynchus cancellatus! Streets did not get any specimens. CHARADRIIDAE. Pluvialis dominicus fulvus (Gmelin). Pacific Golden Plover. Christmas: Streets--common; Ellis. Fanning: Arundel. Palmyra: Streets--more common than on Christmas.

-96- ANATIDAE. Chaulelasmus couesi Streets. (Type locality: Washington Id.) Washington: Streets. The fresh-water lake and peat bogs are "tenanted" by this species, according to Streets. "Duck." Fanning. The Hydrographic Pilot says "Snipe, duck, and curlew can be shot" on Fanning Island, but no date is given. If this be true, the duck may be the preceding, or a species not yet recorded from the group. In view of the reported migration of G. streperus from America to the Marshall Islands, it would be well to re-examine the types (a pair of supposed immature birds) of G. couesi, to determine if they may not be immature C. streperus. PHAETHONTIDAE. Phaethon aethereus Linnaeus. Christmas: Gray. Phaethon rubricaudus Boddaert. Christmas: Bennett--"many", with eggs in May; Streets-- breeding, with eggs in Jan.; Macfarlane. SULIDAE. Bennett (I, p. 383) says of Christmas Island birds: "The boobies are of a kind peculiar to this island. In size and colour they bear a

-90- -NAPLAKA [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] "-KAMU" [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] -NAISIHONIAKI [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] --aJaaH2 yegA ni ega Hiu, "kamuu"--tannod :emfaiwD ,anaL-afonE ;:naL ni ega Hiw ,giihwED [illegible] [illegible]

-97- close resemblance to gannets. Their plumage is white, with the ex- ception of the primary and secondary feathers of the wings, inferior portion of the scapulas, and rectrices, or tail feathers, all of which are black. The naked skin of the cheeks and chin is black; the beak yellow-blue; the legs blue. Their nests were circular heaps of sand, raised upon the open plain,

-10- SYLVIIDAE. Tartare Arundeli (Type loc.: Christmas.) "The Kokikokiko, probably Tartare Arundeli. This is a warbler, a very small bird which lives on insects and flies. The little creature cannot fly more than a few yards. The nest is attached to the fork of a tree and well done and deep, with 3 to 4 eggs marked or spotted black on white. The bird is very inquisi- tive and will approach a few feet from your hand. Same birds are at Fanning and Washington and is the only bird known there." (Supplementary note from letter of June 4, 1925) By Chas. W. Richmond

-98- FREGATIDAE. Fregata "aquila." Christmas: Streets; MacFarlane. Palmyra: Streets. Fregata "minor." "Lesser Frigate bird" of Streets. Christmas: Streets. Palmyra: Streets. Not abundant, and not breeding in Dec. or January. LORIIDAE. Vini kuhli (Vigors). (Type locality: ?Tetuaroa, Society group?) Fanning: Fanning (in 1798); Streets; Arundel--"not uncommon." Washington: Bourjot St.-Hilaire; Finsch; Streets--fairly numerous. SYLVIIDAE. Conopoderas aequinoctialis (Gmelin). (Type loc.: Christmas.) Christmas: Latham; Bennett?; Streets? Ellis. Bennett, in May (1834-35), found a small land bird "the size and colour of a sparrow", which was very likely this species. Streets got some on the western side of the island, in Dec., 1873, but they were lost in transit and never reached Washington. He refers to them as a "flycatcher-like bird", and the only land bird seen. This species therefore probably occurred up to 1873, and may still occur there, though no definite record has been made since the time of Cook's visit, in December, 1777, and no specimens exist in museums. Conopoderas pistor (Tristram). (Type locality: Fanning Id.) Fanning: Arundel.

-62- -KAAJATAMUK "alijna" alamanak. .sana:1978; siteri:5 taaqutainu .aqoqtuq aerygialat. .aqaatuq to "hulu ojaqivi" tusai" "qaujiq" aaqutaq. ni qallianeq jan hua, taakanda joK {.aqaatuq: taaqutainu .quumajjjo } .aqoqtuq: aerygialat. -KAJILIKAI aquni viasuuq, aorvattiu: qitiisuvi orqi(i) (aqaauq) tikiit iniju naanu juu"--taaurtA ;aasermiE ;(89VI ni) qukunaq: taiaanaq. viilavi--arvavii; aasumik ;aailain-ai tojumaq norvaghaaW .aerivuumi -KAJILIIVIAE .taasal-nuQ :safi orqi? .ni(100) ni:laiaqulliman aarbaaannuQ. .alliu yajeerijii ;792annel; imaatat :aasani-nuD m amia adz" bila Saai Iiana a Auu? ,(35-156I) yan ni ,joomaa .naqersuE .solaqqa alit qisii yuv aw dohiv ,"woriaga a lo taaloo yuv qais tu, ,8Naf ,.cau ai ,bumiai ait to abie aroaaw atc no amua an manut at eriaerz oi .naugulliaW Sedenex teven hua tianart ni jaol solaqqa alit .mesa biid baaI yinu atc hua ,"hrid xilf--vanolaaviT" ,axant uumo iftae yan hua ,8N6i ot qu berinooq qidaforp erolereni ety a:bood lo orit ait anula obam neod maI hixev exiliie on djuot .aaucaiu ni taia uaaalooqa ou hua ,7YYV, ;zadmoqE ni [na Dacmep] [,ni quinaaq: qitiisuvi orqi] .(morviiat) nuiian aarbaannuQ. .taaurtA uqiniani

-99- ?Washington: Streets. The distinctions between this species and the preceding were determined by Tristram through comparison of his specimens with the original description of aequinoctialis. Dr. Streets got some skins of probably the same species on Washington Island, which he identi- fied as a "flycatcher-like bird"; these he intended to send to the Smithsonian, but they were lost. They were different from the Christ- mas Island bird, for he says "a bird similar to these, but smaller and somewhat browner--which I think can be accounted for by the altered condition of its surroundings--was found on Christmas Island, where it was the only land bird."

-100- (9) GENERAL NOTES ON CAROLINE ATOLL, ETC. Caroline Atoll. There seems to be no systematic or technical account of the birds of this atoll, which consists of about 25 islets, "well covered with trees and shrubbery" in 1883, "much of which has been planted by the hand of man, especially large numbers of cocoa palms, which are being raised for the production of cocoanut-oil." At this time there was a sign posted on the island saying it had been leased to Houlder, Bros., and Co., London, by Great Britain. Four men, one woman and two children were living here in 1883. Apparently the only birds recorded from the island are those noted by F. D. Bennett, in April, 1835, and an amateur list furnished by Dr. W. S. Dixon, U. S. N., of the 'Eclipse' expedition, May, 1883 (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., II, 1884?, pp. 90, 91). In all probability the observations of both Bennett and Dixon relate to simply one of the larger islets (though perhaps not the identical one), and exploration of some of the others may still disclose the presence of a ground pigeon, and possibly other land birds, or of the rare short-billed sandpiper (AEchmorhynchus). MacFarlane stopped here in October, 1884, but "no birds were obtained." He does not say whether he actually landed and looked for birds, or not. Malden Island. Seems to be little known, ornithologically, and the only account of its birds seems to be one by W. A. Dixon, who spent two and a half years here (1866-69). He was a chemist, sent there to ana- lyze guano, and knew nothing about birds. His notes cover 14 species

-001- [illegible]

-101- of breeding birds, and 5 "occasional visitors." He says the guano party "turned out some pigs and goats", and "some of the cats ran wild", soon becoming very numerous. "The rats got so numerous that we used to kill them in thousands; in the store we killed some twenty thousand in two months." The utility of the cat is well demonstrated by his remarks: the rats increased greatly, while the "wide-awake" terns were reduced to one-fifth of their former "acreage" in a couple of years! The 'Blonde' party (1825) obtained or observed a few birds on Malden, and one Campbell collected two species which fell into See-bohm's hands and later into the British Museum. There appear to be no bird records from Monahiki, nor from Rakaanga, though both islands ought to be looked over for traces of reed warblers (Conopoderas), ground pigeons, and small flightless rails. The latter have been recorded from various widely separated islands in the Pacific (Laysan and Id. of Hawaii; Henderson, in the Tuamotus; Kusaie, in the Carolines; Tahiti; Tongatabu, etc.), and must formerly have existed on many of the intermediate islands. Their present occurrence or absence can be proved only by searching the islands for them. If any are found, they will doubtless prove to be new species. The Conopoderas vary in size and in color according to islands and groups, those of the north (Laysan, Guam, Carolines, and Farming Ids.) being much smaller than the southern ones from the

-101- [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

-102- Marquesas and Tuamotu groups, for example. On some of the small islands, where the number of individuals is small, and "in-breeding" frequent, there is a decided tendency to albinism. In general shape, these birds are somewhat like our catbird, but in habits they appear to resemble the marsh wren. Their colors are dull browns, buffs or grayish browns, with lighter buffy or yellowish underparts. There are no marked color patterns or patches of color that stand out promi- nently, such as a throat or breast patch of color; the underparts are buffy or yellowish of various shades, and the upperparts darker, of browns or grayish browns. There is a possibility that Conopoderas may be found on Caroline atoll, Flint, Tongareva and Vostok, but hardly on Jarvis, Malden, or Starbuck. There are no clues available as to what may occur in the way of Tubinares on the several islands, other than is given in the follow- ing pages. Lieut. J. R. H. MacFarlane, R. N., made a trip through several of these islands, in October, 1884, but he had little time to spend on any of them, and at some he did not land at all. His interests were directed to terns and other sea birds, but the results show he was a pure amateur.

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-103- (9) Islands south of Line or Fanning Group (betw. 0° and 15° S.) These are included, with others, among the "Line" Ids. by the Hydr. Pilot. Anne (may = Vostok?) Bennet [= ?Tongareva] Brocke [= Jarvis] Bunker [= Jarvis] Caroline (group of about 40 low coral islets with one fringing reef 7.5 x 1.2 mi.; one narrow and crooked entrance for boats; Thornton. 15-20 ft. high; cocoanut and some other trees, such as pandamus, and shrubbery; some patches of grasses 1-2 ft. high; some sandy places near lagoon, but soil otherwise mostly rounded fragments of coral; linear islets surround the lagoon, with the dry land "only a few hundred yards in width"; guano was exported from about 1872 to about 1881, when cocoanut trees were planted by one Arundel, who also planted them on Flint id.; since 1902 has been leased to Levers Co., for 99 years; visited by American, French and British parties in 1883 (April-May) for purpose of observing eclipse (see report in Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., the British. II, 1883). F. D. Bennett observed birds here in early part of last century, and eclipse party added a few more in 1883. No natives extant, though a few have been im- ported for work. Hogs were fattened here, circa 1869, the work being undertaken by 4 men. Belongs to Dudosa [= Victoria] Flint (low guano id.; 2.5 x 0.5 mi.; bushes and low trees; cocoanuts now planted by Levers Co. (leased for 99 years); has two Belongs to small brackish lagoons; formerly worked for guano, and the British. later for 20 years for cocoanuts; sailing vessels from Tahiti come here twice yearly. In 1891 there was a "grove of tall trees near the centre of the island". 11° 25' 43'' S., 151° 48' W. Mac Farlane obtained no birds here. Grand Duke Alexander [= Rakaanga] Here [= Starbuck] Humphrey [= Monahiki] Independence [= Malden] Jarvis (1.7 x 1 mi.; 10-12 ft. high; of raised coral; no lagoon now; Brocke. mostly guano; no trees, few shrubs, and little grass; Bunker. guano work was stopped by or before 1883-85, owing to inferior quality; when Mac Farlane was here (in Oct.) the Belongs to only humans had left, but a cat was found "in possession the British. of the house"; "no birds" were seen by him, though he only

-304- ["odaoV = ] oeni [sweyaeoIV = ] eannet [aivni = ] aoorml [aivni = ] enintt ... text bleeding through from reverse side ... ... text bleeding through from reverse side ... ... text bleeding through from reverse side ... ["airoioIV = ] aoonid ... text bleeding through from reverse side ... ... text bleeding through from reverse side ... ["agnamni = ] eebnuemFA enig bruoD [Komandl = ] eroi [kifneoli = ] weimqurk [nohli = ] ooraheogobai ... text bleeding through from reverse side ...

-104- observed sea birds, apparently. Was uninhab. in 1887, but a N. Z. firm proposed to "occupy" it. 0° 22' 30'' S., 160° 03' 00'' W. Malden (5 x 4 mi.; 30 ft. high; worked extensively for guano (formerly at least, and a few guano workers lived here); traces of former inhabitants exist in stone ruins; no fresh water now (but was some as late as 1825); formerly had some clumps of trees and bushes (1825) but now only a few shrubs and bushes; vessels from New Zea- land at intervals. Mac Farlane saw no birds here in Oct., 1884. 4° 05' S., 155° W. Manahiki [= Monahiki] Mangorongoro [= Tongareva] Manihiki [= Monahiki] Matunga (islet of Tongareva, and a leper colony. Molokai Molokai [= Matunga] Monahiki (6 x 5 mi.; triangular; 60 ft. high (to tree tops); closed (lagoon; covered with cocoanuts; inhab. Humphrey. Manahiki. Manihiki. British, and a dependency of N. Z. Penhryn [= Tongareva] Penhryn [= Tongareva] Rakaanga (very low; no lagoon; trees are 60-70 ft. high; soil poor and Grand Duke shallow; inhab.; about 20 mi. n. by w. of Monahiki. Alexander. British, and a dependency of N. Z. Rakahanga. Reirson. Rokahanga. Rakahanga [= Rakaanga] Reirson [= Rakaanga] Rokahanga [= Rakaanga] South (islet of Caroline atoll. Starbuck (5.5 x 2 mi.; 15 ft. high; has been worked for guano but now Hero. deserted; mostly white coral sand, covered with "green Volunteer. tangle and ice weed", and a few shrubs on n. e. part. When the 'Blonde' passed it, in 1825, it was less inviting than Malden, there "not being even the trees to enliven the flat coral rock." When Mac Farlane visited it Oct. 15, 1884, Sterna fuliginosa was breeding. Was leased to J. Arundel till 1915, & he may have planted cocoanuts on it. Moss, who visited it in 1886, with a party to rescue 4 seamen who had been shipwrecked

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-105- there 3 months earlier, refers to it as "a worked-out, deserted guano islet." British. Staver (or Stavers) [= Vostok] Tepuka (s. e. islet of Tongareva; inhab. Tetautua (islet at e. end of Tongareva; inhab. Thornton[= Caroline] Tongareva (atoll, 12 x 7 mi.; 50 ft. high (to tree tops); lagoon is 9 ?Bennet mi. diam., and contains 15 islets; wooded (especially Mangorongoro. cocoamuts); few inhab. About 5 times yearly a schooner Penhryn or mission steamer visits here from Rarotonga. Penrhyn British, and a dependency of N. Z. Tongarewa 9° 06' 25'' S., 158° 02' 10'' W. Islets: Matunga, Tetautua, Tepuka. Tongarewa [= Tongareva] Victoria (existence doubtful; location about 7° 30' S., 160° 30' W. Dudos a. (Brigham), or 6° 45' S., 160° 42' W. (Hydr. Pilot) Volunteer [= Starbuck] Vostock [= Vostok] Vostok (0.3 mi. diam.; low; sandy, thickly covered with low trees (about ?Anne 80 ft. to tops of trees); surrounded by narrow fringing Staver - reef; landing is on w. side; leased to Levers Co. in (Stavers) 1902, for 99 years. Vostock Belongs to Great Britain. Wostock Wostok Wostock[= Vostok] Wostok [= Vostok] Alleged islands, said to belong to the U. S. Anne (alleged 9° 49' S., 151° 15' W.). Should be near Caroline. (by some thought to be = Vostok) Barren or Starve (alleged 5° 40' S., 155° 55' W.) Should be near Starbuck. Bauman (alleged 11° 48' S., 154° 10' W.) Should be near Flint. (The Bauman Ids. have been identified also with the Samoan group) Frances (alleged 9° 58' S., 161° 40' W.) Should be near Rakaanga. Frienhaven (alleged 10° 00' S., 156° 59' W.) Should be near Vostok. Ganges (alleged 10° 59' S., 160° 55' W.) Should be near Rakaanga. Groeningen (may be a synonym of Groninque) Groninque (alleged 10° 00' S., 156° 44' W.) Should be near Vostok. Lideron (alleged 11° 05' S., 161° 50' W.) Should be near Rakaanga. Pescado (alleged 10° 38' S., 159° 20' W.) " " betw. Tongareva & Rakaanga. Roggewein (alleged 11° 00' S., 156° 07' W.) " " near Vostok. Starve [= Barren] An island (possibly one of the above) about 30 ft. high, has been

{ "text": "-301-\n\n[illegible] .daifitI\n\n\" ,tokal onemq berreseh.\n\n\n\n\n. \" ,tola i ormay berrseeh\n\n. daifi I T\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-106- reported in 11° 23' S., 153° 43' W. Tienhoven Id.

-107- (9) ISLANDS SOUTH OF LINE OR FANNING GROUP. CAROLINE ATOLL. PERISTERIDAE. ?Gallicolumba, species. Bennett found (April, 1835?) "The inland thickets contained a great number of small pigeons, with white head and neck, and the rest of their plumage of a rich brown colour." There is little or no doubt as to the genus, but the species may never be known. About 1869, four men were fattening hogs on cocoanuts at Caroline Atoll, for the Tahiti market, and the hogs are likely to have exterminated these fround pigeons. No pigeons were noted by the 'Eclipse' party, in May, 1883, and probably they were exterminated long before this time. There is a possibility, however, that remnants of the species may still exist on some of the islets forming this atoll. ?RALLIDAE. ?Fulica or ?Porphyrio. Bennett found a bird "resembling a coot" on the coast. ?IARIDAE. "Seagull." The 'Eclipse' Party, May, 1883, recorded "two species" of "Seagull", but they may have mistaken tropic-birds for gulls, as they recorded no species of Phaethon. STERNIDAE. Gygis alba pacifica (Lesson).

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-108- Bennett (April, 1835?) found them in "myriads" here, and the 'Eclipse' party (May, 1883) records a small snow-white tern which was doubtless this form. Caroline atoll is the type locality of Bennett's Sterna nivea. ?Anous, species. The 'Eclipse' party, May, 1883, records "Noddies." SCOLOPACIDAE. ?Phaeopus tahitiensis (Gmelin). Both Bennett and the 'Eclipse' party record curlews. "Snipe". The 'Eclipse' party records a species, which may be the same as the following. "Totamus". Bennett (April, 1835?) records a species with legs of "lemon- colour", but otherwise like one he had found at Raiatea, Society group, which had blue legs. Probably this is Heteroscelus, but the possibility of the rare AEchmorhynchus occurring here should not be overlooked. CHARADRIIDAE. ?Pluvialis dominicus fulvus (Gmelin). The 'Eclipse' party records a "Plover." (May, 1883.) ARDEIDAE. ?Demigretta sacra sacra (Gmelin). The 'Eclipse' party records a heron, "probably ardea jugu- laris, two varieties, brown and white." SULIDAE. Sula, species.

-01- [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

-109- Bennett, about April 23, 1835?, found a booby which he described as gray, darker on the back and wing-coverts than on abdo- men; rump and tail "perfectly white." Beak blue and encircled at base with rose color; naked skin of cheeks also blue, black below the lower mandible; legs brick red. (Bennett, I, p. 371.) He was of the opinion, from noting the fresh colors of boobies in various parts of the Pacific, that there must be several unrecognized species in that region. Sula, species. The 'Eclipse' party (May, 1883) records "Gannets" as numerous, and on their nests; also a "Booby", indicating probably the presence of two species of Sula on the island. FREGATIDAE. Fregata, species. Bennett found them in "myriads", and the 'Eclipse' party recorded them in "great numbers". ?SYLVIIDAE. ?Conopoderas. Prof. E. S. Holden, of the 'Eclipse' party, in May, 1883, "reports hearing the notes of a singing bird, but he did not see the bird." Conopoderas is the most likely singing bird for Caroline Atoll, as the genus has representatives north, south, and east of here, but the species would be undoubtedly new. M A L D E N I S L A N D . TUBINARES.

-110- ?Puffinus, species. At the end of July, 1825, the 'Blonde' party found a "procellaria, not unlike the Procellaria alba of Linnaeus." W. A. Dixon (1866-1869) records three species of "puffinas or mutton birds," as regular breeding species. These laid their eggs "in holes dug in soft ground or between rocks." "Prians." Dixon includes "three species of prians, slate-coloured, pure white, and black", among the regular breeders of this island; but, he says, "The prians lay on the edge of a rock or stone, and the egg being of exactly the same colour is only seen with difficulty; they are quickly hatched, and in ten days the young have flown." This description of the nesting habits points to something without the Tubinares group, but evidently there are three species of breed- ing birds that appeared to belong to the same "genus" to this amateur observer. "Small petrel." Dixon reports this as an "occasional visitor" to Malden. STERNIDAE. Gygis, species. The 'Blonde' party found it in July, 1825, and this may be their Sterna Maldensis, which is described simply as "A white tarn, differing but in a few points from Linnaeus's Sterna alba." ?Onychoprion, species.

-617- .nafoeqa ,ammiit? a huuo't ytzer 'ebnolF' edT ,JSAI ,yilT 'o hne edT JI " .sweemil 'o sdLa ntraflecoorP edT ediTew yon ,siLeflecoorq" mitter" 'o nefoeqa oerdt aDroex (9881-9861) noxId .A .W ne tIeDt bIal enedY .nefoeqa qriboord rafuger se " ,ebuid noTTeu 'o ".eroor neewTed 'o hnuory T'oe ni yub efolD ni" " .sneirT" .berumfoc-edola ,snairq 'o aefoeqa oerdt" sebnIonI noxId ;IneIl snI 'o ereboord-rafuger edT gnome ,"hloId hne ,sdnIw enm hne ,enod's 'o yoor a 'o ogbe edT no yal snairq edT" ,eyeD ed ,JInD InulriDb d'iw nees yino al "noIon emse edT vIJoaxe 'o galed nge edT ".wnofT ewed yuwoy edT eyah net ni hne ,berotad y'DIoep ere yenD sronIne gnIndseeD oT snroq aIdaD gnIsen edT 'o noLqIvooeb sInT -seerD 'o aefoeqa seunD ose ewed vInehIve JInD ,yoorP seranIdnI edT oserma snId oF "sneg" ese edT oT gnolod oF berneqqa TneD eblId yuI .revreDo ".fexDeq fIm8" ,neblam oF "roIfaiv lamofanooo" ne se snIe aDroger noxId .kADIKERIB .aefoeqa ,sInyO yan sInJ hne ,JSAI ,yilT ni JI huuo't ytzer 'ebnolF' edT yus ednIw A" se vIquie bedrooed el DoIdw ,sImeblam snesD rIedD oD ".sdLa snerdl s'auredneD eroy aDnIq voT a ni JInD gnIreTTI" .aefoeqa ,yolunDevoT?

-111- "Two terns, or wide-awakes" are reported by Dixon, who says they lay twice a year, in October and April. He writes: "On my first arrival on the island the flock would in this way cover 5 acres of ground, but in $2 \frac{1}{2}$ years the number had been reduced to one-fifth, principally in consequence of cats which had run wild and increased with extraordinary rapidity." ?Anous, species." The "Crow" reported by Dixon as one of the fourteen regular breeders on the island was probably a noddy. SCOLOPACIDAE. ?Phaëopus tahitiensis (Gmelin). ?Heteroscelus incanus (Gmelin). Dixon refers to a "snipe or sandpiper, and curlew" as "almost always on the island, either on the edge of the reef or near the small lagoons, but they did not breed there." There is a specimen of Heteroscelus incanus in the Brit. Museum, collected by "C." Campbell. ?ANATIDAE. ?Duck. Dixon refers to "a dark grey duck" as an occasional visitor to the island. PHAETHONTIDAE. Phaëthon rubricaudus Boddart? The 'Blonde' party found red-tailed tropic-birds at the

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-112- end of July, 1825, and Dixon reports "The tropic bird, phaeton," as one of the regular breeders. SULIDAE. Sula piscator (Linnaeus). A skin in Brit. Museum, collected by "A." Campbell. Sula, species. Dixon refers to "Three sulus or boobies, white, black, and grey" among the regular breeding species of the island, and observes that the gray booby was the only bird on the island to build a nest. FREGATIDAE. Fregata, species. The 'Blonde' party found a "new species", which they called (but did not describe) "Pelicamus candida"; this was breeding at the end of July, 1825, when it had eggs. Dixon lists the "frigate bird, Tachepetes aquilis" as a regular nesting species, with eggs in Dec. and June. ?ACCIPITRES. Dixon enumerates "a bird somewhat like a kestrel hawk, which lived on lizards", as an occasional visitor. STARBUCK ISLAND. STERNIDAE. Onychoprion fuscatus (Linnaeus). MacFarlane found it breeding on Oct. 15. {He did not land, but could see a "Wide-awake fair" from the ship, and shot one bird from a boat.

-113- TONGAREVA ISLAND. MacFarlane stopped here Oct. 25, but says "no birds were observed." The island at that time (1884) had a population of 3 whites and 370 "natives." VOSTOK ISLAND. Megalopterus melanogenys (Gray). MacFarlane got two skins "and some of their eggs" on Oct. 22, 1884. He makes no further comment on the presence or absence of birds, but observes that the island was uninhabited at this time.

-31- .DRAISI ARHAINOS etev obriq on" eyne tuf ,32 .30 ovai borrota anaifualm & to voldafuxoy a hmi (5861) euit tuft ta hnalal edf "..borvoedo "sevitam" OVE 5na asidw .DRAISI NO2SOV '.(qet0) ayvnamafan anvedualm .32 to "ayye tlaei to aete hne" arbie ovt coy anaifualm a cobeda to canesvq edf no zameco vedtut on aeiam ell .9801 ,32 .euit eint ta befidakimw nzw hnalal edf vaft sorvoedo tuf ,obrid

-114- (6) GENERAL NOTES ON HERVEY OR COOK GROUP. Note on "Hervey" or "Harvey" Island.--Cook discovered this island (= Auotu and Mamae, on one reef) in 1773. The references to birds from "Harvey" or "Hervey" island in the following list, recorded by Cook, Latham, and Gray, doubtless belong to this locality. Brigham says both these islands are "barren", but the Hydrographic Pilot and Findlay both state they are "well wooded". There is said to be considerable cocoanut-oil exported, so probably the trees are chiefly cocoanuts. Specimens of the fruit pigeon (Ptilinopus), if it still occurs, will contribute greatly to an understanding of the status of Ptilinopus chalcurus Gray. There appear to be no modern records of birds from Auotu or Mamae. Explorers and collectors who have visited the group include: Cook (2d voyage), Auotu and Mamae, Sept., 1773; the Forsters and Dr. Sparrman were naturalists. Voyage of the 'Blonde' (under Lord Byron), Mauiki, Aug. 9, 1825; Andrew Bloxam is credited with having made the observations on natural history. The party found several species that are indeterminate from data at hand, such as a green fruit pigeon, a pigeon named "Columba byronensis" (but not described), a kingfisher, and a "hawk". They also observed: "As we re-traced our steps through the wood, the warbling of the birds,

-61- .SUDES NOOR HO TYVHII HO USOR JAMNIB [6] [illegible] [illegible]

-115- whose plumage was as rich as it was new to us", etc., showing there were a variety of birds on this island at the time of their visit. Voyage of the 'Sulphur' (under Capt. Edward Belcher), visited Rarotonga about 1837-40? Dr. Hinds gathered some material on the voyage, but possibly nothing from this group. Andrew Garrett is said to have spent 6 months "collecting" on Atiu, Aitutaki, and Rarotonga, but there seem to be no birds of his recorded from the first two islands. He was at Rarotonga about 1870, but must have devoted his time chiefly to other things, as he only secured 17 skins (7 species) of birds. He obtained many shells in Polynesia, and probably other objects. H. Travers obtained some birds at Rarotonga. Lt.-Col. Gudgeon obtained 9 species at Rarotonga in March, 1901, which were sent in formalin, and later skinned at Brit. Mus. His birds were recorded by Ogilvie-Grant (Ibis, 1905, 599-601); among them was a pair of the "Monarcha" dimidiata, which Gudgeon regarded as a very rare bird. Agassiz Exped. to the Tropical Pacific. Stopped half a day at Aitutaki, Nov. 21, 1899, but Townsend says he had little time for collecting. He only got the lory, which, perhaps, is an introduced species on this island.

{ "text": "-611-\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-116- Scott B. Wilson visited Rarotonga in 1904, and says Col. Gudgeon, the Administrator, "expressed the opinion that there were very few species of birds left on the island; and this opinion was certainly confirmed by my non-success, as dur- ing my stay of nearly a month I observed only three or four different forms." Wilson was of the opinion that the native species will be extinct in a few years, "owing to the in- creasing plantations of cocoamuts and bananas," coupled with the frequent cyclones and the "wild" cats. Wilson does not speculate on the conditions (actual or probable) in the other islands of the group, but it looks as if a bird survey of the remaining islands should be made without much delay. Modern bird records from this group are chiefly from Rarotonga, with little or nothing known of the birds of Aitutaki (a lory only), Atiu, Mangaia, Auotu, and Manuae (nothing since Cook's visit), Mauiki (only the amateur records of the 'Blonde' party, in 1825), Mitiéro, Palmerston (mostly ancient Cook records), and Takutea. All of them, except Mitiéro and Palmerston, with possibly Mangaia, are said to be well wooded, and may support some of the species formerly prevalent on Rarotonga. No rail, ground pigeon, or Conopoderas has been reported from the group, but they should be looked for, as these birds occur both east and west of the Hervey group.

{ "text": "-61-\n\n[illegible]\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-117- (6) Hervey or Cook Group (including Palmerston). (Brigham says "Hervey" applies properly to the 2 northern ids., Aitutaki and Manuae.) Inhabitants are Christians. Climate good, and heat not oppressive. Hurricanes occasional, chiefly from Dec. to March. Administered by New Zealand. The islands are visited "regularly" by steamer from Auckland, N. Z. Aitutaki (3.5 mi. long or about 18 mi. circ.; volcanic formation; high (450 ft. at n. part, where mostly bare); extreme n. end is low and swampy; on n. w. side is a steep rocky cliff 200 ft. high; well wooded and watered; reef on s. w. coast; 8 wooded ids. and 6 low sand cays on reef. Whytootake Anotu [= Auotu] Armstrong [= Rarotonga] Arorangi (see under Rarotonga) Atiu (20 mi. circ.; 394 ft. high; of uplifted coral; bold rocky cliff (shore on n. side, with some sandy bays; said to have extensive caverns; thickly wooded generally; coffee and fruits are grown; inhab.; reef fringes shore. Atui Vatiu Wateoo Wateooo. Atui [= Atiu] Auotu (twin islet with Manuae on one reef; well wooded; inhab. Anotu. Uitate Avarau [= Palmerston] Cook Islands (portion of Hervey group) Drotoi (doubtful id. reported in 27° 17' S., 159° 40' W.; if extant it (may be equivalent to Tuanahae. Femua iti [= Takutea] Harvey [= Hervey] Hervey = name formerly applied to one of the ids., doubtless Auotu and Manuae. Mahowarah (of Cook) may = Mitiero or Mauiki Maina (small wooded islet of Aitutaki; uninhab. Manaia [= Mangaia] Mangaia (20-30 mi. circ.; 656 ft. high; volcanic in origin; coffee is (grown; inhab.; centre of Protestant mission in central Pacific; (fringing reef, with no entrance. Pigs, turkeys, etc. are pro- (duced here. About a dozen schooners visit here each year, chiefly (from Tahiti and Rarotonga. Manaia Mangea Mangeea

-III- (nojevenlai) qverO xooO yo yevrel (6) ,abI mradzan S.aS vq "yrevge" sariqqa "yevrel" hysa madylal} (.samali hsa biastlia estrgro foo ssad ira ,bony adaxlED .amaldainD ara asmedidani .darlil eA .neD movT ylivaii ,)anolesoo samsirvaH ,trainen" bedialv era ahuafat nO' .aualanS wal qI betoratinba .ii ii ,basikon movT raneza vq yid ;nolzarvef olaseof :.oilo .im SI luoda xo gnai .im 6.E) biastlia yal si hse .m emexre :(ased vfiecm erianw ,lun; .n la .jI OBA) :jyld .ji 00S ylivoT qeaa a al ahia .w .n no ;ygwea has has .nDI baboow 9 ;zasec .w .n no Teer ;harefaw has baboow iIew .foor no aygo hsan wol 3 exafoniyiW [uronA =] uronA [agnotoiai =] agnotaria (agnotoiai raham osa) ignavara ylivo yivour bled ;faroo bes'tliqo yo :ygin .ji 982 :.oilo .im 05) nita ovlanaza evat of hae ;ayed yhuzo anda diiw ,ahia .n no ovoda) ;teory era nIart' hsa pelkon ;vlisronay baboow vlivais ;asrevac} .otode soqniiT Teer ;.dadni) inA niTeV cesteV .oosejW [niDA =] inDA .dadni :baboow iIew ;foor ano no samali diiw zefal niw) uronA .uronA osriU [nojevenlai =] marava (qverO yevrel to noldroq) ahnaiai xooD fi azine yi :..: 04 9631 .,S 'M DTA ni betroqex .bi luZepah) ioforD .eadenarT of tnolavins ed yam) [edcimi =] idI amreV [yevrel =] yevreH hsa nronA aselidnab ,.abi eDe to ono of beliqqa y'tverO' amen -yevrel .samali Miuu to oveliiM = yam (xooD to) dar,amadak .dainium ;biaardiA to zefal baboow iIens aniam [alaynai =] alana ni seylao :nliro ni olaseof ;ygid .ji 65a :.oilo .im O8-02" alogani silogo lazneo ul nolcahi anaeforiH to otahe ;.dadni ;anoy) -onq era .ofe ,ayedint ,ymII .soderme on diiw,tear yaliyriT) ido ,Teey done ered tieiv avonudqa noraB a tnoaA .ozerI besah) ,agnotoiai hsa iIkisE movT) alanaD anqali anoqnel

-118- Mangea [= Mangaia] Mangeea [= Mangaia] Manuae (wooded islet on reef with Auotu; few inhab. Manuai Manuai [= Manuae] Mattiaro [= Mitiéro] Mauiki (6 mi. circ.; "70" or "40" ft. high; said to have extensive (caverns; well wooded; fertile; fringing reef, with no opening, (and no lagoon; inhab. (missionaries were here before 1825). (Landing place on w. side. Mauki Mauti Parry Mauki [= Mauiki] Mauti (of Byron) [= Mauiki] Metiero [= Mitiéro] Mitiaro = Mitiéro Mitiéro (10 mi. circ.; 50 ft. high; "very barren", but clump of trees in (centre of id.; inhab.; deep lagoon, but no opening in reef; (landing place on w. side. Mattiaro Metiero Mitiaro Motikitiu (small wooded islet of Aitutaki; uninhab. New (doubtful island assigned to 24° 20' S., 159° 30' W., or 24° 0' S., (159° 10' W. Oruruti (possibly = Ruruti) Otakootaia [= Takutea] Palmerston (consists of 8 sandy islets on reef 4.5 x 2.5 mi., enclosing (lagoon (with passage); southern four islets covered with (shrubs and palms; the northern ones are without vegetation; (inhab. since about 1862. 18° 04' S., 163° 10' W. Avarau Parry (of Byron) [= Mauiki] Rarotonga (6 x 3.5 mi.; volcanic origin; mts. rise in pinnacles and peaks, (covered with vegetation, and reach 2100 (or 2930) ft.; some of (the peaks are razor-backed, but one (at least) is flat-topped; (id. is fertile; inhab.; coffee is grown. Arorangi ) islets or rocks close to Rarotonga. Titikaveka) Armstrong Rarotongo Roxburgh Roxburgh [= Rarotonga] Ruruti (problematical uninhab. id. reported in 20° 20' S., 160° W., (or 20° 19' S., 160° 2' W. supposed to be about 50-60 mi. n. by (e. of Rarotonga, but may be the same as the latter. Oruruti? Takutea (3 mi. circ.; 6 ft. high; white coral sand beach; fringing reef; (well wooded, with cocoanuts and other trees; said to have no (fresh water; no anchorage, but landing is possible on n. or

-381- [elgnaI =] nohnel [elegnil =] soegneI .dadni wol ;utehA dliw loew no tofai bebbov) enumal lammI [enumIl =] lammI [otolIM =] omiJed avlepaIwe oved of blae :egld .IT "05" to "0V" ;,orlc .Im 6) hilmI palmeo on dliw ,.leer yalmlrT ;elkrol ;beboew llaw ;arreyoo) .[C8EI ovteD oved erew seftavlaIn] .dadni (moegI on hoe) .oble .w no coalf galbmI) hilmI IlmI yrrI [hlmIl =] hlmI [hlmlI =] (noyrT to) IlmI [otolIM =] otolIM otolIM = otolIM seorT to omdle Iud ,"nerTad yrev" :egld .IT 08 ;,orlc .Im 6l otollM ;TeeT at pelmeo on iud ,.moegI qeeb ;.dadni ;.hI to sllnee) .oble .w no coalf galbmI] otoljAI otolJII otolIM .sdmImu ;kxTmlA to tofai bebboew lIfme) mlklllC8 2 "0 '98S to ..W 'OS 'OOEI ,,B 'OS 'OS of beayeee lmefI [ltldoeb] wel ,W 'O1 'OOEI) (lIrmgIl = yJdlaooq) IlrmlD {aeTmAI =} slavomalc aleofue ,.lm 6.8 x 5.8 loew no efoIai ybnew 8 to atalooe) mojavemIaI dliw hotavoo etfai ruoT mrednno ;(opaeaq dliw) moonel) woltajoev Jnotllw oza aeno stediJue ede ;.mlaq haa edrnla) .W 'O1 '88I ,,B '20 '8EI ,C8EI jooDa ooIm .dadni) nevvA [hlmM =] (noyrE to) yrrlI eg hua seTseurIq ai selc .edm ;almlae oInolov ;.lm 6.8 x 6) agnoJoeeI Imea :,IT (OSES no) OOIS dooer haa ,woitajoev dliw hotavoo) yroT-3aT ai (daesI Im) eno Iud ,bedaed-doem oza nxeq ed) .nmvo al eolfos .dadni ;elkrol at .6l) .agnoToall of oofD aoeer to eJfai ! [guaoM] [eflevsIlT] gnotsearI agnotell agmoIal [agnovleE =] gnomkoo ,,W 'OOEI ,,B 'OS 'OS at heTneor ,hl .eddnIm [oeltmeIdoqy] hlmII Wt ..Im 08-08 jooDa ed of beocgna ..,5 '9O8I ,,S '01 'OOE to) .roslal ede na-mue enD od yoa Iud ,agnotelM to .e) ..hllmI neT yalnmlrT ;doesd hua lmeo ofJlw ldgm .IT 8 ;,orlc .Im 6) aeTnlC en evml of blae ;raoea redlo haa alnmooe dliw ,beboew llaw) to ..n no eJfneq ai galbmI iud ,agmeDnea on :yeeow deez))

-119- (n. w. side; uninhab., but has traces of huts. Fema iti Otakootala Waneoaette Wanioaette Wenooaette Wenua-iti Titikaveka (see under Rarotonga) Tuanahae (doubtful id. reported in 26° 30' S., 160° 25' W., or 25° 50' (S., 160° 55' W. Tuanaka Tuanaka [= Tuanahae] Uitate [= Auotu] Vatiu [= Atiu] Waneoaette [= Takutea] Wanioaette [= Takutea] Wateoo [= Atiu] Wateooo [= Atiu] Wenooaette [= Takutea] Wenua-iti [= Takutea] Whytootake [= Aitutaki]

{ "text": "-211-\n\n[illegible] to [illegible] van tot [[illegible] ;obla .w .a]\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-120- (6) HERVEY OR COOK GROUP. TRERONIDAE. Globicera pacifica (Gmelin). (Type loc.: Friendly = Tonga Ids.) Rarotonga: Garrett; Wilson; Ogilvie-Grant. Wilson thinks it will become exterminated in the not distant future by the wild cats and the "frequent cyclones" that occur there. Salvadori (Brit. Mus. Cat.) says it is not certain this is true pacifica. Ptilinopus rarotongensis Hartlaub & Finsch. (Type locality: Rarotonga.) Rarotonga: Garrett; Wilson; Ogilvie-Grant. Wilson did not find the bird himself, but had one given him. Ptilinopus chalcurus Gray. (Type loc.: "Hervey or Harvey" Id.) "Hervey or Harvey" Id.: Gray. This species was based on a specimen in the British Museum, said to be from the above named island, but the status of the bird and the iden- tity of the island both appear to be in doubt. Wiglesworth thinks chalcurus is probably the young of rarotongensis; Salvadori makes it a synonym of his coralensis (which is not true coralensis), and thinks the locality given by Gray is wrong. Forbes and Robinson record P. "coralensis" from the "Harvey Islands", based on a bird in the Museum of Liverpool, and probably iden- tified by means of Salvadori's work. It would appear then, that at least

{ "text": "-61-\n\nTHIRD BOOK OF TIBUR (5)\n\n.\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible] - [illegible] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-121- two specimens of this bird are extant, and that both are ascribed to "Hervey" Island. Not found by later collectors, and doubtless extinct on the larger (and usually visited) islands, but possibly still to be found on some small islet. The 'Blonde' party found a species on Mauiki, but its identity is uncertain. HYDROBATIDAE. Pelagodroma marina passerina (Solander) Mathews. (Type locality: Hervey group. east of Kermadec Islands.) Mathews says this name may "later prove acceptable for a bird, either of the Kermadec breeding, or may be a Cook Island subspecies", but he gives no special locality in the Hervey group for the bird. The 'Blonde' party (Aug. 9, 1825) saw "some tarn and petrels" at Mauiki. PHAETHONTIDAE. Phaethon aethereus Linnaeus. Palmerston: Latham. Phaethon rubricaudus Boddaert. Hervey group: Latham. Palmerston: Latham; Ellis. FREGATIDAE. Fregata minor palmerstoni (Gmelin). [Type loc.: Palmerston.] Palmerston: Latham.

-122- ?ACCIPITRES. "Hawk." Mauiki: 'Blonde' party. The 'Blonde' party saw a "hawk" on Mauiki, Aug. 9, 1825. The proba-bilities are that the bird was not a member of this order of birds. LORIIDAE. Coriphilus peruvianus (Miller). Aitutaki: Townsend. Townsend says it is the common pet of the natives, and will probably be found on several of the other islands of the group. There is a possi-bility that this and other species of lories have been introduced into some of the islands (of this and other groups) to which they are not originally native, through the escape of captive birds. CUCULIDAE. Urodynamis t. taitensis (Sparrman). "Hervey" Id.: Gray. Rarotonga: Ogilvie-Grant. ALCEDINIDAE. "Alcedo Mautiensis" of the 'Blonde' party. Mauiki: 'Blonde' party. Found on the above island by the 'Blonde' party, Aug. 9, 1825, but not described by them, and identity still in doubt. STERNIDAE. Gygis alba pacifica (Lesson). (Type loc.: Society & Tuamotu Ids.)

-381- ·MISSIONARY "Small" ,vtuag 'ehnoE' :klimx dovq enT .ESEE ,e ,guA ,bilam no "Head" a wan y'tiq 'ahnoE' ed? .abrid to rehto aid3 to redom a fon abv brid aid taid ere selfilid ·SALINEO. .(rel18) simalixen suimixeo .branevoT :kaindIA ldadoq Ifw lan ,savitan ed3 to teg noxnoo eir ai ti yvan branevo? edy a si erof .quorq eid to simalat redto eid to laveses no hnot of otai boohexial nee ovan zeinC to selsqa redto has aid3 taid y'tiid fon ere yeds doirw of (aqnwy redto has aid3 to) ahnefai ed3 to eron .abrid etivgeo to egxene aid dnyouG ,evitan v'lerbgyro ·SALINEO .(narrrag) alnredia ..:a a1enwbm .gerD r.ri "cevvel" ,maro-sivilko :amcoJorai ·KAINICEDIA .v'taq 'ehnoE' aid to "ainnelqW obefA" .v'taq 'ehnoE' :klimx rim ,ESEE ,e ,guA ,v'taq 'ehnoE' aid vd hnefai ovoda eid no hnsoi .30ob ai Ilida y'tinebi lan ,mei vD bodioseh fon ·SALINEO. I alomai & ytooi :ra1 oqyG] .(noose) nollieu asia akro

-123- Rarotonga: Garrett; Ogilvie-Grant. Anous stolidus pileatus (Scopoli). Hervey group: Gray. Rarotonga: Ogilvie-Grant. Palmerston: Ellis. SCOLOPACIDAE. Pha?eopus tahitiensis (Gmelin). "Hervey" Id.: Cook; Latham. Takitea: Cook; Latham. Palmerston: Mus. Liverpool. A "species of Scolopax" (possibly this species) was seen on Mauiki, Aug. 9, 1825, by the 'Blonde' party. ?AEchmorhynchus cancellatus (Gmelin). ?Hervey group. Gray records it, with a mark of doubt, from this group, but the record seems vague, and if true, the species would most likely prove to be parvirostris Peale. Heteroscelus incanus (Gmelin). Wandering Tatler. Rarotonga: Garrett; Ogilvie-Grant (March 7, 1901). ARDEIDAE. Demigretta sacra sacra (Gmelin). Reef-Heron. Rarotonga: Garrett; Ogilvie-Grant. Mauiki: 'Blonde' party.

-381- .jaamit-alivillig :ittavutiq imnuqtaujik -(lliforuu) qumiaqia narijola atukki .yaqi: (ignort) yaviqtii .jaamit-alivillig :imnuqtaujik .alilaa :dojututuaK -KATISAKDIOQA .(ulliem6) aqaanlitaat nanuqkuk .malial ploo0 :.bi "govvuk" .malial ploo0 :saviik? .IsoqtreviI .niK :notateviiaf miusit no neen uuu (maloeqa zinit yidtenaq) "savuioq" to nuloeqa" A .yjiney 'shnolE' edi vy ,2381 ,9 ,ana .(ulliem6) nita(laoeaa malacnitouuaK .gooq yovvikIV edf jud ,qpoaq zidT uoat ,t6mab to cfiw a dI bw ,it aincoox vau9 swaag ylimiI 3com:Bluuw nuloeqa udT ,ouxi ti Inu ,sngav emoca Irooer .alaaq aijunayrilyaq od o9 .reifae anirebanW .(nliem6) annupak arlocepriiaK .(1091 ,7 dorenk) aneri-alivillig :ittavutiq imnuqtaujik. -KATISAKA .noruk-toek .(ulliem6) anaqa uusa attemuok .jaamit-alivillig :ittavutiq imnuqtaujik .yaqiq 'shnolE' :BluaM

-124- The 'Blonde' party saw a "blue and white heron" on Mauiki; without doubt this species. ANATIDAE. ?Anas, species. Mauiki: 'Blonde' party. The 'Blonde' party saw a "fine duck" on Mauiki, Aug. 9, 1825; this was probably one of the subspecies of superciliosa. MUSCICAPIDAE. "Monarcha" dimidiata Hartlaub & Finsch. (Type loc.: Rarotonga.) Rarotonga: Garrett; Ogilvie-Grant (1901). This was described as a Monarcha, and later placed in the Hawaiian genus Chasiempis, but in all probability it belongs to a distinct group. "EULABETIDAE." Aplonis cinerascens Hartlaub & Finsch. (Type loc.: Rarotonga.) Rarotonga: Garrett; Wilson; Ogilvie-Grant. Wilson, who was at Rarotonga in 1904, found it still fairly abundant, though he was of the opinion that the native birds were doomed to extinc- tion in a few years, owing to the increasing cultivation of bananas and cocoanuts; meaning, probably that new land is cleared for planting, and in this way wiping out the remaining forest. The 'Blonde' party met with a "starling" at Mauiki, on Aug. 9, 1825; possibly this species.

{ "text": "-231-\n\n\nEACITANA\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-125- (20) RAPA AND VICINITY. TRERONIDAE. Ptilinopus huttoni Finsch. (Type loc.: Rapa.) Rápa: Hutton. The type, a female, collected by Capt. F. W. Hutton (1873, or earlier), appears to be still unique. It is the largest of the group, with a wing measuring 6.8 inches. --- The above is the only species actually recorded from Rapa, but J. V. Hall (Trans. New Zealand Inst., I, 1869, 128-134), who gave a general description of the island, added "there are a few fowls wild in the bush, some widgeon, and of course sea-gulls." A better knowledge of these birds is important! Some birds observed by Cook at sea are enumerated below, as they bear latitudes and longitudes nearer Rapa than to any other land area. Saw two Pintado Birds (Daption) Aug. 21, 1769, in 29° 44' S., and 148° 22' W. Saw one "Albetross" and "some smaller Sea Birds" Aug. 22, 1769, in 31° 3' S., 148° 00' W. Saw "several" Daption, Aug. 23, 1769, in 31° 6' S., 147° 29' W. Saw "several Albetrosses, Pintado Birds, and Sheer Waters; some of the Albetrosses were small, such as we usually saw off Cape Horn",

{ "text": "-631-\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-126- on Aug. 25, 1769, in 32° 26' S., 147° 32' W. Saw "several Albetrosses, Pintado Birds and Sheer Waters", Aug. 27, 1769, in 33° 34' S., 147° 25' W. Saw "some Pintado Birds and Sheer Waters and a Green birds (SIC) something smaller than a Dove, but it was not near enough to distin- guish whether it was a Sea or Land bird; it was only seen by one Person, and he probably was Mistaken in the Colour." (Parkinson says one of Banks' servants "saw a bird of a fine green colour"). This was on Aug. 30, 1769, in 38° 20' S., 147° 6' W. Saw "Some Albetrosses, Sheer Waters, and a great many Pintado Birds about the ship with some hundreds of Birds that were smaller than Pidgeons, their backs were grey, their Bellies white, and the ends of their Tails black, and have a blackish line along the upper parts of the wings from the Tip of one to the other. We saw birds very like those near Fulklands Islands....only they had not the black streak along the wings; they fly low like sheer waters or mother Carys birds..." Aug. 31, 1769, in 39° 28' S., 147° 0' W. (These birds were seen almost daily up to Sept. 29.) Parkinson, in his account of this period, says they saw "a vast number of birds, of different kinds", including "various sorts of Procellariae." Saw "a Bird which was all white, except the Tip of each Wing; it was nearly as big as an Albetross", on Sept. 6, 1769, in 37° 49' S., 147° 30' W. He says they were the same as those seen April 3, 1769, near the Tuamotu group.

-561- "SUN, .23 '07AI ,,8 'OS OBE NI ,95VI ,JS ,JUA NO "..eTSENI teedE hna abrid ohamiH ,eeecvotdia levoee" waB "SUN, .23 '07AI ,,8 'OS OBE NI ,95VI ,JS ,JUA "..eTSENI tnoD a hna etereW yeedi hna abrid ohamiH emoo" waB "..eidah eS egonoa mna Jon new ti ind ,ovod e nadt rolfame guidemose "..oF eon yd neee viho new ti :baid hnoh to maa a awm ti zeidauw duing "..oTooe dit ni nsintain new yfoedeq on hna "..noioe nooyr enit a To braid a wae" adnavee 'aXOe "SUN, .23 '07AI ,,8 'OS OBE NI ,95VI ,JS ,JUA "..eTSENI yuun daerY a hna ,etoseW teedE ,eeecvotdia emoo" waB "..roffam otow iait abrid To aheihumi enoa didw qida ees anoda abrid "..ehna eid hna ,eTidu woillde viedt ,veYn etew ekood tiedt ,anochiF "..o atraq teqqu eid ynoia ehih doibnid a evad hna ,noeid eTieT tiedt "..edif view abrid waa of .teido eit of ono To qit eid mowt sqiw eid "..y noia ksero Xunid eid Jon ham yeed qino....shuaFai shaeKioH teen "..ma "...abrid nytaD reodm to etelaw teedz eiiH woi yfi yedi ;sqiw "SUN, .23 '07AI ,,8 'OS OBE NI ,95VI "..EES ,jyeB of qo yFiah Juumia neee etew abrid esuB) "...eW waa yedi eyea ,deYteq eid To Jntroce aid ni ,noahbiH "..o atice anioae" gaihfoak ,"aibiJ tueriHiB To ,abrid To reedum "..otiraffore" "..eiiW dano to qit eid sqoxe ,edih iia maw deidw abid e" waB "..23 '07AI NI ,95VI +8 ,JWOE ne ,"eeecvotdia na m'gid an yIwaen awm ti "..95VI +8 lingA nees oacis an enna eid mow yedi wyea of .W 'OS '07AI "..qeYH ntomaut eid teem

-127- (20) Rapa Island and vicinity. Rapa belongs to France. Vessel from Tahiti visits it every few months. (Findlay). Bass Ids. (4 small islets, 43-46 mi. e. by s. from Rapa, "all these Maretiri. rocky islets are abrupt and without vegetation or any low ground." The s. e. islet is 346 ft. high; the others are 280, 195 and 135 ft. Greatest diameter of group is about 2 mi. Lappa [ = Rapa] Maretiri [ = Bass Ids.] Mitchell group (said to occur in 31° 20' S., 129° 30' W., but not authenticatd. Neilson Rock (about 90 mi. w. by n. of Rapa, is said to be a reef, under water. (Hydr. Pilot) Oparo [ = Rapa] Rapa (15-20 mi. circ.; coast bold; 2100 ft. high; coast mostly inacces- Lappa. sible, with deep caverns worn in the cliffs by the sea; Oparo. mtns. on e. side of id. are either bare, or covered with Rapa-iti. stunted trees; on w. side they are covered with rich vege- Rapa-titi. tation, including tree ferns; by 1869 there were many wild goats and rats. Inhab.; stone remains occur, resembling some of those on Easter Id. Rapa was a coaling station in the early 70's, when there was a line of steamers running from N. Z. to Panama. It has a harbor. 27° 36' S., 144° 17' W. Rapaiti (islet of Rapa; high; rocky. Rapa-iti is also applied to Rapa Rapa-titi [ = Rapa] Tapui (conical islet of some height, in Ahurei Bay, Rapa. Tarakoi (islet of Rapa Tauna (islet of Rapa on n. side of entrance to Ahurei harbor; small; (sandy; no vegetation. Tauturau (islet of Rapa.

-301- ,viitloiv hna kuafei oqai [OS] el yreve el etfaet kitlae nert] inaeV .,odduv ot aemefed qnai .(yaifeN) ,aifnem mueds ELo" ,uqal eorT s yu s lm 01-85 ,aifaet ffees s) ,ahi ane! gu to noitaeeev inaeiiv hna levrus era ajeieI vxour .,itfereii aro enT jdoil sE 265 ni feiei o e ad? ".,hnoytj wol aomg To rofaealb iactaerD ,sT CBI has CRT ,OOS eve.. .lm S fnode [qnai =] eqqai "ahi ased =] iiIeteii 2en dnd..E '05 'CSI ..S '08 'fE nt trsoo ot hine] qvora ifafoiN .hefaolnmedns ro ,leen x od oi hie el ,eqai To .n yu .w lm 06 fnode) vooii nutiler (toifE ,tbyU) .,noies [qnai =] oroqo ssoeni viianm taeoe ;dgiL sT OOIS ;kiod tasoo ;.orix .lm 06-81] qnai :aoe ede yu ailiFo edD ni urow enruvae geseh hEve ,aifdie .ziw hevevon ro ,evod vedie era .bi lo eble .s uc ,adna .ev holt kEw hevevoo ora ;ond ehte .w no :aeoow beinute .w ymH erox euel) CBOI yu ;airiel ootd quihriont ,noieod .nifneoeor ,xuoce anierer onote ;.feml .,ter han atese. .Di uaeveD ne voodt to emue ni noiw ,s'0Y viiae edJ ni noltara yaltee a sew eqai I .zamee ot s .K morf ynimuri xtemete to eniT a awv ,.todtae a ewd .E.JT '4AE ..C '82 'QS .viseo ;fald :qnak To felei] ifimad qnai od beifeegs oais ei iei-aqai [qnai =] iii-aqai .aqai ,yae lovia ni ,btyled aoon To jeiei faoinoo) buqat aqai To felei) kviieEi :Liema ;rodmai fawia ot eanrime to ebiL .n no qnai To felei] nnaet .noitaeeev on ;ybmse) .qnai lo felei) xezrneEi

-128- A FEW CLUES TO THE IDENTITY OF S. PACIFIC BIRDS. Gallus. Jungle fowl occur wild on many islands, and are sup- posed to have developed a variety on Tahiti in which the comb is entire on the posterior end, not notched. Treronidae. Fruit Pigeons. Globicera is of large size, and adults have a fleshy knob at base of bill. Serresius. (Described under birds of Marquesas group.) Ptilinopus. Small fruit pigeons, which vary in species in al- must every group of islands. Usually with more or less green on them, and with a cap of some shade of purple; some species have a band or two across the chest; a yellowish top to the tail is present in some. Peristeridae. Pigeons, especially ground doves. Gallicolumba. Strong-legged ground pigeons, running to browns, ruvous, and similar shades, with sometimes glossy patches on sides of neck; head, neck, and breast frequently with much white or buffy, prob- able varying according to age. The Polynesian species are the rarest and least known. The birds are said to flush like partridges; live in dense undergrowth and are usually overlooked unless especially sought. Some of the Pacific species are probably extinct, especially on islands where wild cats and pigs occur. Rallidae. Rails, Gallimules, Coots. Porphyrio. Of gallimule type; has frontal shield, and more or less blue on underparts.

[illegible]

-129- Hypotaenidia pacifica. Black, with white spots or bars; abdo- men, throat, and eyebrow white; hind neck rusty; breast gray; bill and iris red. No specimens extant? Porzana tahitiensis. Small; generally brownish black; first pri- mary white; other primaries margined with white. No spec. extant? Porzana atra. (Henderson Id.) Small; "entire plumage deep black, with a slight greyish gloss"; iris red; bill black; feet orange. Diomedeidae. Albatrosses. Puffinidae. Shearwaters, thick-billed petrels (Pterodrome, formerly "AEstrelata"), etc. Hydrobatidae. Small petrels. Bulweria is one of the smaller Puffinidæ, with a longish, wedge- shaped tail; nasal tubes fleshy at ends; plumage uniform sooty brown. B. macgillivrayi has the chin and wing-coverts of the same color as the body, and a stout bill. B. bulweri (which occurs in the N. Pacific, and may wander into waters south of the Equator) has a slenderer bill, and the greater wing-coverts and chin are paler than the rest of the plumage; there is also doubtless a difference in the fresh colors of soft parts. Pealea is a gems of small petrels found in Samoa, but may occur elsewhere, such as in the mountains of Tahiti. It has flattened and wide claws, and the first primary is longer than the 3d. The general color above is sooty or brownish black, including neck and breast; upper tail- coverts white, each feather with a faint longitudinal dark streak;

-130- feathers of throat white at base; belly and flanks white, with wedge-shaped stripes of dusky, producing a mottled appearance; tail feathers with white on inner webs for half their length; bill, legs and webs bluish black. This species is still very rare in collections; two individuals have been recorded in the last 80 years. Wing about 6\frac{1}{4} inches; tarsus about 1.4 inch. Oceanodroma fuliginosa. Tail more or less forked; sooty slate above (no white on upper tail-coverts), and sooty grayish brown below. Length of wing 7.5 inches. Tahiti is the type locality, where the bird has not been found since Cook's time, though birds from other places (Japan and Laysan) are supposed to be the same; some authori- ties, however, think the latter represent a different species (O. tristrami), and the question can not be settled until birds from Tahiti are in hand. Pelagodroma has broad flat claws, but the 1st primary is much shorter than the 3d. Fregetta. Has the basal phalanx of middle toe much flattened, and equal to or longer than the remaining joints and claw. F. albo- gularis is sooty black; upper tail-coverts short and white; throat and abdomen white; broad band on breast sooty; wing 8 inches. F. melanogaster has the upper surface, breast, and middle of abdomen sooty black; flanks, upper tail-coverts and under wing-coverts white. Wing 7 inches.

-131- Sternidae. Terns. Gygis alba, subspecies. Small white terns with narrow black ring round eyes; bill black. Gygis microrhyncha. Same as above in general color, but smaller; bill slenderer; tail shorter and more rounded; shafts of tail feathers white. In the preceding, the shafts are usually brownish. The G. microrhyncha has been known only from Nukuhiva until a few years ago, when it was recorded (without comment) from Nawodo Island far away. Possibly the Nawodo record was an error; if not, the bird must occur in various intervening sections. Anous stolidus. The Noddy is dark brown or blackish above and below, with the crown grayish to white. Wing 10-11 inches. It runs into various forms throughout its wide range. Megalopterus melanogenys. The lesser Noddy is brown-black or sooty, with the cap grayish white; wing about 9 inches. Procelsterna cerulea, subspecies. General color gray; tail graduated and feathers pointed. In a general way the tails of Anous, Megalopterus and the present genus are alike--graduated, not forked, though they vary in details. Gygis is also similar. Onychoprion fuscatus. Front of forehead white; lores black; mantle black; wing 12 inches. Bill black. Onychoprion lunatus. Front of forehead white; lores black; man- tle dark smoke gray; wing 10.5 inches; bill black.

-132- Thalasseus bergii rectirostris. Front of forehead white; lores white; rump dark gray like mantle; bill greenish yellow; nape feathers long. Scolopacidae. Curlews, Snipes, Sandpipers. Phaëopus tahitiensis. Bristle-thighed Curlew. The only curlew of this immediate region. Discovered 146 years ago, but information on its breeding range, nesting habits, eggs, and downy young are still wanting. It is supposed to be only a winter migrant in Polynesia. Heteroscelus (formerly Heteractitis) incanus. Wandering Tatler. Uniform ashy gray above; lighter (to white) below, but ashy on sides of breast and flanks; summer plumage has much barring and various spots on the lower surface. Supposed to be only a winter visitor to Polynesia; discovered about the same time as the preceding, and not much more is known about its nesting details. Wing over 6 inches long. Prosobonia leucoptera. "White-winged Sandpiper." Smaller than preceding, with the wing 4.45 inches; bill 0.9 inch. General color above blackish brown; lower back and rump ferruginous; middle tail feathers blackish, the rest rufous banded with black; wing coverts blackish, with a white spot near carpal bend of wing. Under surface of body ferruginous red; throat buffy white; crown blackish, hind neck browner, mixed with black; sides of face brown, with lores and car-coverts more reddish; small white spot behind eye. This and the following are among the rarest of all birds to date. When it is said they are probably long since extinct, we are simply repeating a state-

-133- ment common to several generations past. The birds may, in fact, still occur in suitable places, but differ in their habits from or- dinary types of sandpipers or shore-birds. A supposed near relative, Phegornis, is said to inhabit marshy places in the Andes. If actually exterminated on Tahiti, it may yet be found on Maitea or some other island of the group. Forster found it along rivers, which would indi- cate it was not a seashore species. The natives called it "Teete." Prosobonia ellisi. Like the preceding, but had a rufous circle round the eye; two patches on wing (on the lesser coverts?); median and greater wing-coverts pale ferruginous like the rump. Only known from a drawing by Ellis, made from a bird of Moorea; Ellis gave the native name as "Tete." It is possible this supposed species is only a stage of plumage of the preceding. AEchmorhynchus parvirostris and cancellatus. Wing about 4 inches; bill about .65 inch. Brownish above, with lighter edgings and spots; below whitish or buffy, barred with darker on breast, sides and under- tail-coverts. A very rare bird in collections, though parvirostris may occur on numerous islands in the Tuamotu group. No specimen of cancellatus is known. Grocethis alba. Sanderling. Recorded from Henderson, and sup- pos ed to have been seen on one of the Fanning islands. The only shore-bird known from this region that is largely white above and pure white, unbarred below. Wing about 4.7-4.9 inches. Very common elsewhere, and of value here only as records of occurrence.

-134- Charadriidae. Plovers. Pluvialis dominicus fulvus. Pacific Golden Plover. The only species recorded from this part of the Pacific; a winter migrant only, and of value only for records of occurrence and dates of appearance. Ardeidae. Herons. Demigretta sacra. Reef Heron. The ordinary heron of the Pacific; has a white and a dark phase of plumage, which occur and breed together, though a suspicion is entertained that a larger and a smaller subspecies occupy separate localities in various parts of the Polynesian region, but not enough material has been gathered from the different islands to prove it. Butorides stagnatilis. Related to our Green Heron. The Tahiti bird ought to prove different from the true stagnatilis of Australia, when enough fresh material is available for comparison. Anatidae. Ducks. Anas superciliosa, subspecies. General color above and below brown, mottled; upper part of head and a band through eye to occiput brown-black; speculum glossy green; wing 10.7 inches, or less. This bird probably varies throughout its range, but material is not very abundant to work out the several forms; collectors apparently have contented themselves with making up a specimen or two at the spot where first found, and then reporting it as "present" on various additional islands visited. This remark is also true of many other species, re- sulting in scanty material, scattered through the various museums of

-135- the world, making it almost impossible to bring a series of any species together for comparison. Chauleasmus cousi. Only known from immature birds; colored like the immature of the ordinary Gadwall, but is much smaller; wing about 8 inches. It is noteworthy that another small duck was later found on Laysan Id., which also has a wing of 8 inches, and possibly the two forms are more closely related than has been supposed; a suspicion that also should include the Hawaiian wyvilliana. Phaethontidae. Tropic-birds. Phaethon aethereus. Red-billed Tropic-bird. Back and scapulars barred with black; outer web of first primary black almost to tip. Phaethon rubricaudus. Red-tailed Tropic-bird. Outer primaries with outer web white to base; middle tail feathers carmine, with black shafts. Phaethon lepturus. A "yellow-billed" species; general color pure white; back uniform, not barred; outer primaries with most of the outer web black to about 1 inch of tip. Sulidae. Boobies. Sula piscator. Red-footed Booby. Sula dactylatra (formerly cyanops). Blue-faced Booby. Sula leucogaster plotus. The Pacific representative of the ordinary booby. Fregatidae. Man-o'-war birds or Frigate birds. Fregata "aquila" or subspecies. Bill 3.6-4.4 inches in male, and

-136- 4.3-5.2 inches in female. Fregata ariel. Lesser Frigate bird. Bill 2.3-3.5 inches in male; 3.2-3.6 in female. Loriidae. Lorys or Brush-tongued Parrots. Coriphilus. Colors mostly blue; tail with feathers graduated, the middle ones being longer than outer ones. C. peruvianus is dark blue, with cheeks, throat and breast white. The young birds are all blue, and have been described as a different species. Specimens actually showing white feathers appearing on throat would be desirable and convincing evidence. C. smaragdinus is pale blue, with the cheeks and throat blue, dotted with white. Vini. The middle tail feathers in this genus are longer than the outer ones, and colors are chiefly green and red. V. kuhli is green above, with long narrow blue feathers on the nape; lores, cheeks, throat and breast red; middle of abdomen purple. V. stepheni is green above, red beneath, with green on sides of chest; tail yellow, tinged with greenish, the basal part of the feathers mottled with black and red and dark green. Phigys. Tail nearly square or even, and rather short. P. soli- tarius has feathers of hind neck long and light green; top of head, abdomen, flanks and tibia dark purple blue; back and wings green; rump, upper and lower tail-coverts light green; lores, throat, cheeks and breast red. Bill orange; feet and iris orange or red.

-61- .almei ni sedmi 3,0-3,5 ni zedni 2,0-2,8 lile .bid ejyiri teeni .Lina sinewi .efnei ni 3,0-3,5 :efan .eyrnoI hamgoi-dani to nyrod ,amliyoI ,hatanberg eniteai dlw Iles ;eufd vlseim etoleO .sukidnizO tab el nnnlyverar .0 .zemo tevoa nadi teguoI paied aene efbhin edi le ora abaid ynooy edi .edliw tsereb has taoudi ,xcedo dlw ,euid anotneqI ,nateqa thes?lib a ha bedivteeb neei evad hae ,eid erizeh ed binov tsordi ae eniteeqa etditeeh edliw paliode yfiantoa eoedi adz dlw ,euid elaq el anntBariana .0 .sonolive ytonalvnoo has .ejdw dlw beftoh ,euid taouid has nadi teguoI eue nureg ains ni etadseet liab efibhm edi .lil nera el llem .1 .ber has neory yiteloio exe erofoo hae ,zemo tevo it ,exedo ,svoi ;regiu edi no xtedtael euid worman gnol dlw ,evoda voda neory el huedrjo .2 ,eiqung aemoha to efibba ;ber tsavd has dlw legalt ,volley flal ;taedo to nabla no neory dlw ,dicceed ber ber has seald dlw beftioz etditeeh edi lo iraq lsad ent ,deluegy .neery khah has lieo .3 .itoda roderi hae ,neve to exage yfuen flal .gudleI ,hoea lo qei ;neery ikall has gnol xaan huil to xtedtael aed anlyad et ;neery ygnlw has Xoad reide alqray tlab eidt has enkift ,neehda hro nveado ,tevid ,revol ;neerl eugli afrevoe-kins tevd hu reggu ,ber no opnno aint has seut ;regnio lile .Ber tsaved

-137- Psittacidae. Parrots with ordinary tongues. Cyanoramphus. A genus of small paroquets, with the tails graduated or wedge-shaped; prevailing colors green or olive-green to olive-brown. C. erythronotus is olive-green; rump and a spot on ear-coverts brown red; bluish green below; tail above bluish gray. C. ulietanus is olive brown, with head darker; rump brown-red; olive-yellow below; wings and tail gray. C. cyanurus is green, lighter below; bluish on wings and tail; crown and ear-coverts crimson, as also a patch on each side of rump. Cuculidae. Cuckoos. The old world members are mostly parasitic, laying their eggs in nests of other birds. A great deal of mystery appears to prevail over the egg-laying habits of the genus Urodynamis, the only one in this part of the Pacific. This bird was thought to spend the breeding season in New Zealand, and migrate north over most of Polynesia, then travel over countless miles of ocean just for the opportunity of laying a few more eggs in New Zealand. The New Zealand bird is now regarded as a resident, and the Polynesian form is believed to be a resident in its own region, but nothing is known of its "nesting" habits. It occurs on some islands which have no other land birds, and the question arises whether it deposits its eggs in nests of terns and permits the latter to raise the young cuckoos on fish food; or whether it builds its own nest in such islands; or whether it migrates to other islands which have suitable lands birds

-138- to serve as hosts. Any evidence on any of these points will be desirable; also any dates of birds seen and not obtained will be useful in showing whether the birds occur at all seasons. The Urodynamis is a large cuckoo, about 17 to 18 inches long, brown, striped and barred, with a wedge-shaped tail. Tytonidae. Barn Owls. Tyto alba lulu. The only owl in the vicinity; may differ in the several groups in Polynesia, but more material is needed for com- parison. Micropodidae. Swifts and Swiftlets. Collocalia. The "edible-nest" swiftlets. Occur in various parts of Polynesia, in several forms or species, some of them difficult to identify even in the hand; in some islands there are two or more kinds. They appear to nest in colonies, and possibly differ in their nesting habits according to species, but this point has not been studied. The usual manner of nesting is in caverns, but some have been reported as nesting against cliffs or walls of rocks in the open. Skins taken under various conditions should be noted as "from cave" etc., as an aid in later study of the series. Alcedinidae. Kingfishers. Todiramphus is a genus of flat-billed or "Tody-billed" king- fishers. T. tutus has a white or buffy collar round hind neck. T. veneratus has no white collar round hind neck, and is green above and white below.

-281- ed life xzloq anod te you no conclave yul .sdeol as ovres of of lIiw bertardo ten ana nnon abrid to notab you oola :eldefteeb edY .naocces lia ta unneo abrid edi redrode yunwoda ni lInean ,nmood ,gnol aekni SI oe Yi zroda ,sedone anial a el aluayborli ,liad leqade-eybow a drlw ,beraed hna beql-te ,alw) ntael .aehlaodyl ai veIIab yea ;yziaeloy ead ni Iwe ylna edi .nlll oala nYI oo tu' behaan al leCeddm suom jni ,alsanylof ni aqora larevea edi ,noalroq .atelfliwl hna sftlre .anbihonrolk lar anolrev ni mned .asalfiIwa "foen-efIbo" edT .sifasofio z AluotYIb wedd te smoa ,saloqra to amrot larevea uI ,alsanylof yo li vnoe te owt eta oront abnal: smoa ut :hmad edi ni nova y'Ilkebl rized nlecl ai veIIib ylidneqq hna ,salnoioo ni fwen of zaqqa yedY . .belIyve nued ten uai zloq alid lud ,saloqra ot "gallbocaa adldan : harrogve nued owaI once jni ,antavo ai el quifsen to remuu laru nelel sniI" .nepo edi ni mneo te allaw to aIIlo tanlaza quIjasa na ta ,.ste "svzo morT" as baton ed hluola anoltiboco anolrav veaun ,antrev edi lo ybuda rocal ai bla ,exedalgwll "embIiIbeoIA' -ynlil "belIle-gboT" to helIle-laft 'lo uuer a el emqnariboY .E .nuon bali hauer tefloo y'Iue co edlw a eni qnnl ,E .s'redanT e ovoda neer_ ai hua ,deeu bali nepor teflco eIhw os and antaonve .veded arliw

-139- Todiramphus youngi Sharpe. (Type loc.: Moorea.) Moorea: Young. This was omitted from the notes on the Society Islands by an oversight. It has no white collar on hind neck; is brown above, with a brown band on foreneck. Halcyon godeffroyi. Bright blue above; head entirely white, as is the neck, mantle and centre of back; below white, with buff on flanks; collar round hind neck blackish green? Hirundinidae. Swallows. Hypurolepis tahitica. A typical swallow, and the only one yet found in this vicinity. Muscicapidae. Old world Flycatchers. "Monarcha" dimidiata. Wing 3.2 inches. Male dark ashy gray above, with a hoary shade on crown; feathers of upper surface mostly with fine shaft lines of white; forehead and eyebrow hoary white; body below dull white; indistinct markings on wing-coverts. Female generally rusty cinnamon; tail creamy white, with darker band at tip; belly white. Pomarea nigra. Male black all over, slightly glossy. Wing 3.7 in. Female differs in color (much duller and paler, sometimes whitish?). -> Ploceidae. Weaver birds, introduced from Australia. Lonchura castaneothorax. General color above cinnamon brown; lower rump and upper tail-coverts straw color; breast and belly white; chest, foreneck and sides of body cinnamon; black band across chest.

-261- [illegible] , [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] ? [illegible] . [illegible] no [illegible] a [illegible] , [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] - [illegible] no [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] , [illegible] edl al an [illegible] . [illegible] [illegible] a . [illegible] . [illegible] . [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] , [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] "[illegible]" [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] . [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] . [illegible] [illegible] , [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

-140- Wing 2.5 inches. This and the next species have sparrow-like bills, and are probably sparrow-like in habits. Aegintha temporalis. Olive-yellowish above; rump and upper tail-coverts crimson; crown and nape slaty gray; lores, eyebrow and streak above ear-coverts crimson; below chiefly gray. Bill red; wing 2 in. Sturnidae. Starlings. Acridotheres tristis? The minah is said to be introduced in Tahiti; it is a generally dark colored bird about the size of the Amer. Robin; has some of the tail feathers tipped with white. "Eulabetidae." Another group of Starlings. Aplonis cinerascens. Gray-brown; paler and grayer below. Wing 4.2 to 4.8 inches. "Aplonis ulietensis." A brownish black bird, about the size and general shape of the Amer. Robin. Some question whether it is a member of this family or belongs to the thrushes. If a thrush, it may have the habits of similar species in the New Hebrides, which skulk in the forest undergrowth, and are shy and difficult to find. This may ex- plain its rarity and the belief that it has been long extinct. Sylviidae. Old world Warblers. Conopoderas (formerly called Tatare, from its alleged native name "O-tatare"). Generally shaped like and size of our Catbird, but brown, grayish, or of similar shades of color above, and whitish, yellow- ish or grayish below; varying on different islands. Should be obtained

-141- wherever found, as there are doubtless many new forms still to be dis- covered. An effort should be made to find them on Tahiti and Moorea, where they occur, or did formerly, as there is a question concerning the identity of the birds from these two islands. The name caffra was based on the Tahiti bird, and that of longirostris on the bird of Moorea. As caffra is the oldest name, it has been adopted for the species, but now that it is known that these birds vary so greatly, it is a question if the birds from Tahiti and Moorea were actually the same. Any material to settle this point will be of great interest. Family---? Lanius gambieranus. This bird was 5.5 inches long; brown-olive above and on wings; yellow below; tibial plumes brown, with a yellow ring or edge to the lower feathers; wing-coverts varied with yellow and white; tail feathers tipped with yellow. The colors given for this bird make it "sound" like a Conopoderas, but Lesson described the bird as a Lanius, and as he had first instituted the genus Tatare (now Conopoderas) he ought to have noticed the resemblance, if it were a bird of this genus. However, if a Conopoderas having the above colors can be found on Manga- reva or "Gambier" Island, it may help considerably in clearing up the mystery. The ordinary Conopoderas of the Tuamotu group seems to be a much larger bird than the Lanius gambieranus.

-142- 23. SAMOAN, HAMOAN OR NAVIGATOR GROUP. (Including Niffe and Gente Hermosa.) Niffe and Gente Hermosa are British, and are included here for convenience. (In the main islands, wild cattle and wild boars, some quite ferocious, are said to be common in the mountains.) Aborima [ = Apolima ]. Albatross { islet at mouth of Saluafata harbor on Upolu, 9 mi. e. of Apia. Has black rocky base; palm trees 70 ft. high. There was a German naval sanatorium here. Amuu [ = Aumuu ]. Apolima { extinct volcano, 2 1/2 mi. circ.; "547" or "472" ft. high; Aborima. Poremo. Upolima. wooded (cocoanuts?); good stream of water on the island. Between Savaii and Upolu. Aumuu { 1 mi. s. of e. end of Tutuila; 65 ft. high; cocoamuts at w. Amuu. { end; inhab. Bartlett { islet of Tutuila; off Massefau Bay. Calinasse { old name of one of the islands. Chatham [ = Savaii ]. Fanfone [ = Fanfoué ]. Fanfoué [ = Ofu ]. Famuatapu { rocky islet on e. coast of Upolu, 170 ft. high. Fisherman's Isle { off e. end of Upolu; small, rather high, and Ile de Pêcheurs. covered with wood.

-841- .sudeh ehtsivah ro nagmah ,nagmah .63 (.secrotal edro? hae ehik yuhruol) yet erod sebnilni era hae ,delihw era secrotel ehko? hae ehik ,serelnevnoo aHug omoe ,ewod lihk hae elitep hiw ,abnalai nlw efi ni) (.subtruce edd ri amooe od of Moe ere ,amloceei .[amfoqA = ] amlrodi to ..o .lm 6 ,alfoU no todmi atthahfse? to nruw js teial ) anozadiA reW .hgid .j? Oy weeri alaq ;ead yfeor xlaid aaH .algA } .ored mplrotusa levan morked a sew .[mmuA = ] mmuA id .j? "VY" to "VEU" :.eris .lm S\i S ,enuefor jonixse } amloqA lnefal edd no yezew lo mserda booy ;(yeftmccca) bahoeW .amlrodi .omgorei .nioqi hae llaves? seowteH .amfoqU .w js aiumocoo :hgid .j? 68 ;afintuF lo hae ..o to ..a .lm i } mmmA .dmiil ;hne) .searA .vud nlecehnl lto ;alindn? to teial } steirrel ,abnalai eed 'o ono to emua hie ) secanlieO .[llevae = ] madfard .[brotnae = ] enolzei ,[m70 = ] enolnae ,hgid .j? OFI ,alfoU 'o tanoe ..a no teial yfeor ) quvmeme hae ,dgiA rericar ,limes ;alfoU lo hae ..a llo } alai s'namreldiM .boew dliw beveoe) .exnsoe? ab efi

-143- Foisina {small islet on w. side of Ofu. Gente Hermosa Handsome People. Quiros. Swain. La Peregrina. 7-8 mi. in circ.; close lagoon; 15-25 ft. high; was wooded in Wilkes' time (Peale says outer rim of land was covered with large trees), but by 1900, 800 acres or more had been planted in cocoanuts; no anchorage, but passages had been blasted through reef on w. side of island; roads throughout island; inhab.; "taken up" by an American, Eli Jennings, about 25 years before 1886. He lived there with his Samoan wife and died about 10"years ago" (Moss, 1889). His sons continued the copra work. "Pigeons were observed on it" when Wilkes visited there, or before (Findlay). Goat {islet off Pagopago harbor, Tutuila. Handsome People [= Gente Hermosa]. Kordiukoff [= Rose]. La Peregrina[= Gente Hermosa]. Leoné (of La Pérouse) [= Olosenga]. Manomo [= Manono]. Manono Manomo. Platte. {3 mi. circ.; 400 ft. high; on w. end of reef with Upolu; well cultivated and thickly populated. Manua [= Tau]. Manua group {consists of Ofu, Olosenga, and Tau, all high islands.

-144- Manua-tele [= Tau]. Maouna [= Tutuila]. Middleton [= Rose]. Namera (of Brigham's map, appears to be Namua of his list). Namua {small islet on e. side of Upolu; 120 ft. high. Namera} Nieve [= Ni'ue]. Nine [= Ni'ue]. Ni'ue {coral id., upheaved; "230" or "300" ft. high; about 30 mi. Nieve. nine. Savage. circ.; inhab.; vegetation abundant and varied (trees, bushes, ferns, etc.); some parts (hills, etc.) well wooded. Enormous caverns occur, some of them extending well inshore; natives formerly buried their dead in them. Flies are a pest on this id. Nooiele [= Nuutele?]. Milopa {islet near Manono. Nunsafe [= Satalo]. Nuulua {islet on s. e. side of Puolu; 120 ft. high. Nuutele {islet on s. e. side of Upolu; 200 ft. high; low sandy beach on Nooiele? n. side. Oahtooak [= Upolu]. Oahtooha [= Upolu]. Oatooh [= Upolu]. Ofuu [= Ofu].

.[mIT =] olat-emiat .[alIotS =] amrooat .[eOII =] noJeIlbIIM [welf alI to smail ed of sxaesqa ,qem a'mmipial Yo] sxemas .dkIH .jT OSI ;uloqU lo ebia .a no tefei IIame } nnnal st'emaii .[eIIH =] ensIIM .[eDIIH =] oIHIIM in OS trada ;dIH .jT "OOU" to "OSS" ;bevasoqur ,,bi Lenco } eIHIIM and ,neefi) boitar has tnadnada noIsTegeov ;.daInI ;.orIo .oIIHIM rooS .Daboow IIew (.eJe ,alIlI) aTraq axoa :(.eJe ,enreI} .egveaD viter ;oxedari IIew yaliMdzo medJ to emoe ,xmoao envevas no Jaqj x ava aefIIM .med? ni baeh tlaot belted y'ITemrO? .bi .[TeIedmuI =] efaIooK .omooml tean toel } sqoIIM .[eJataS =] etaeuII .dald .jT OSI ;xIoW lo ebia .a .a no teiei} aIlmIt nosed qham wol ;dald .jT OOS ;uloqU lo ebia .a .a no teiei} efeImal .ebia .n } TeIofcoH .[uloqU =] xacotiae .[uIoqU =] znoozlaO .[uIoqU =] znocdae .[mIO =] cOfO

-145- Ofu Fanfoué. Ofoo. Ohatoa [= Upolu]. Ojalava [= Upolu]. Ojatava [= Upolu]. Olajava [= Upolu]. Oloosinga (of Wilkes) [= Olosenga]. Olosenga Leone'. Oloosinga. Olosinga. Orisega. Orosenga. Olosinga [= Olosenga]. Omanooau[= Tau]. Onero (old name of one of the islands). Opolu[= Upolu]. Opoloo[= Upolu]. Opoulou[= Upolu]. Opoun [ = Tau ]. Orisega[= Olosenga]. Orosenga [= Olosenga]. Ossamo (old name of one of the islands). Oteewhy [= Savaii]. Ojolava [= Upolu]. 2 1/2 mi. long by 1 mi. wide; 1020 ft. high; few inhab. In Manua group. Foisina is an islet off w. side. 6 sq. mi. in size; triangular in form; 1500 ft. high, and very rugged; inhab. In Manua group. Belongs to U. S.

.dadaI wol ;dgnid ,37 OSOI ;abiw .im I yd gadi .in S\,E S .ahla .w Xto Jalai na ai auiad? .quora amail ni } .emo'nat? .oc10 .[ufoqU =] aoodaaO .[ufoqU =] evelaUO .[ufoqU =] avera|O . ufoqU = ] ava?alaO . [eguesaoIO =] (sefliiW 'o) eguiscoIO ,dnid .37 002I :eno\ ni rafngnairt ;asix ni .im .pa & } aqnesafo ed egnleod .quora amail ni .dadaI :bejgur yrev hno .amoo? .eguiscoIO .agulaodO .ageirO .e?desorO . [aqpesoIO =] aqnisioU . [naI =] neoonanO .(abuaJai eii 'o eno 'o eman bio) orenO .[ufoqU =] ufoqO .[ufoqU =] efofoqO .[ufoqU =] nolfuoqO . [naI = ] nroqO . [aqpesoIO =] agoeirO . [a?uesofo =] ayrseorO .(abnaJai adj 'o eno 'o eman bio) omenO . [Ilevs8 = ] ybwoe10 .[ufoqU =] avalovO

-146- Platte [= Manono]. Pola [= Savaii]. Poreemo [= Apolima]. Quiros [= Gente Hermosa]. Rosa [= Rose]. Rose Kordiukoff. Middleton. Rosa. { coral islet 3 mi. diam.; lagoon; 2 islets on e. side, one of them covered with trees (more or less); 33 ft. high; the other is a sand bank; birds are the only inhabitants. About 75 mi. e. of Manna group. } Sand {islet close of Rose. (Perhaps the sand bank mentioned under Rose.) Satalo { low, wooded islet on s. coast of Upolu; with sandy beaches Nunsafe. {at s. and s. w. sides. } Savage [= Ni'ue]. Savaii Chatham. Oteewhy. Pola. Savay. Savoi. Sevai. Shaviè. { largest of group, 40 x 20 mi.; shores low, but peak in centre is 5400 ft. high, and "constantly" in the clouds; inhab. Whitmee (1874) said an extinct crater is "full of large trees" in which Pteropus roost. The mountain sides are wooded. The id. was German, but now British (under New Zealand). Apolima is an islet. } Savay [= Savaii]. Savoi [= Savaii]. Sevai [= Savaii]. Shaviè [= Savaii]. Shika (old name of one of the islands).

-301- . ["uonall"] = edjalf . ["lavea"] = afol . ["aniloqA"] = emoeroT . ["noorretb odneD"] = sertinD . ["eooH"] = seeH ,abla .e do dfeial S ;noogaI ;,maib ,im & jefal fatoo - eool abd .n? 62 ;(eeoI to erom) seeit nElw deteboo maoT to . YteXniBlaK esidnoin yino edr ere abrid mnaed hne & ai redto edi . nootiEaHm , .anoT .quorg uanah to .e .im 8Y tuodA .e valur denoIfeem mnaed hne edi egqtrie%) .eeoH To eeolo jefal; naae .donad yhmus nElw ;nfoqU To janoo .e no jefal beboow,wol ( olaseS .aaEls .w.a hne .a ta ) .etnaemM . [eeih] = aegavaS ai laeq ind ,wol aoreda ; .im 02 x 04 ,quorg To inegarf ilaveaS anuofo edi ni "qinadanoo" hne ,dkiib .n? 00H ei etvneo . ,manifadO .niir) ei redem tonlixe ns hlae (176I) eesihW .deeni . yinwojO . afoY .his elanmmw edi .jaeeu anqoeroH xolnw ni "aewi egual . xvnaD . .lcvaeS .nabnu] deidnud wou ind ,narrtoD awa .bi edi .beboow enw .divaeD . Jefal nn ai aniloqA .(naiaeoS weH . ["laveaS"] = yvaeD . ["laveaS"] = lvaeS . ["laveaS"] = laveS . ["laveaS"] = álevaeS . [abnaLaI] edi to awo To amnt bIo .nIbE

-147- Swain [ = Gente Hermosa ]. Tau Mamua. Mamma-tele. Omanooau. Opoun. Tootooellah [= Tutuila]. Tootoilah [= Tutuila]. Tootooillah [= Tutuila]. Tou-tou-Ila [= Tutuila]. Tutuila Maouna. Tootooellah. Tootoilah. Tootooillah. Tou-tou-Ila. Tutyella. Tutyella [ = Tutuila ]. Upolima [ = Apolima ]. Upolu Oahtooak. Oahtooha. Oatooh. Ohatooa. Ojalava. Ojatava. Olajava. Opoloo. Opolu. Opoulou. Oyolava. Vatia { small; high; rocky; off n. coast of Tutuila. { largest of Mamua group; 14 mi. circ.; dome-shaped; 2500 ft. high; well watered, with rich vegetation, including many cocoanut groves on n. w. side. Belongs to U. S. { 17 x 5 mi.; Mataafo peak is "2133" or "2359" ft. high; volcanic; some low country on s. w. side; inhab. Belongs to U. S. The government of the U. S. keeps a naval ves- sel here, and a naval officer acts as governor. Islets are Aumuu, Bartlett, Goat, Vatia. The island of Tutuila is wooded, more or less. The harbor of Pago Pago (or Pangopango) is here. 39 1/2 x 8 mi.; 3200 ft. high; wooded; Apia is principal port of the group. Subject to hurricanes. Was German, but now British (under New Zealand). Islets are: Albatross, Fanaa- tapu, Manono, Namua, Nuulua, Nutele, and Satalo.

, [aaorl] e100 = ] afeoc 66 ;beqale-eceb .o[le .lm kI ;quora amak to taegraf} nef hefofi ,.oisareov delf ktlw ,beredew fiew ;daii .37 .ameli ,alod-amali 8 .U od apulef ,.bie .w .n no aevory jumeooo yama .eoonooQ .nuqo) , [aIln] = ] deIIecoot , [alInT = ] daIecoot , [alInT = ] deIIecoot , [alInT = ] alI-ned-uoT ld .J2 "68S" to "6IS" ai Xaq olnajm ; .lm 5 x VI} aIInoT ,daiif :ebla .w .a no yiinoo wol smos ;oincolev .amool ,daIIecoot ,deIecoot ,deIIecoot? ,alI-ned-met .afogut iavv a qeom 8 .U ads to eheuryov edf, 8 .U ej ai .tomovoy as efon 'soIIto Ievan a bue ,ered Ies BT to hefei edf .aiV ,joo0 ,jjajted ,nmyA ene ) oga% ogei to vordad edf .aai to erem ,beboow ai .exei ai (ogaeqgnel) , [alInT?] = alfequ? , [eIfoqA = ] eIlfoqU oflectiq el aIg ;beboew ;daii .37 00S8 ;.lm 5 x $\bar{I}$ 6E} = xioqu ind ,namel] sax .namoIriml oj toet,dg .quora ads to :.aoofoe ,adoofeo ,dnofo) ,ooom) ,ayafe] ,avade] ,ava[al0 ,oolqq0 ,nioq) ,uIooq0 ,yvaleq0 ,eifwfi to Jaceo .a ITo ypioew ;daii :Ilem } eIsv

-148- 23. Samoan group. Collectors, etc. Georg Forster (June 21, 1774), on Cook's Voyage, was at Niue, and observed "some curlews, snipes, and herons." Kotzebue touched at Upolu (at least) about 1824-25. Peale and Pickering (U. S. Exploring Exped.) visited the islands twice (between 1838-41). Rev. John B. Stair (in 1862, of Broadmeadows, Victoria), was a resident of the Samoan Islands about 1847, and collected birds there. Rev. S. J. Whitmee collected in Samoa (1872-75 at least), and Tristram and the Brit. Museum got some of his material. He added something to the history of the rare Pareudiastes pacificus. Rev. Geo. Brown obtained some birds, from Savaii (at least). Rev. Thos. Powell, was living on Upolu (while a missionary), and prob- ably collected a few birds there, as well as on Tau and Tutuila (including the type of Pinarolestes powelli). E. L. Layard, about 1875, visited some of the islands (but did not touch at Tutuila); he gave a general account of the birds seen or ob- tained, in P. Z. S., 1876, 490-506. Lieut. J. Murray, of H. M. S. 'Daphne', visited the Samoan Islands in 1849-50, "where he procured for us some very interesting species" (Jardine, Contrib. Orn., 1851, p. 113). Julius L. Brenchley obtained some birds (on Tutuila, at least); his death occurred just before the publication of his work 'Jottings' on the cruise of the Curacoa, in 1873.

.51 neenae ,qneuq ,eueedoeIee ,aode "groe' retezot [eust ,IS ,ITVI] no ao 'Nooe a ,oepvoV ,naW ta eutl ,ehs hevreaod "emoe "aewf-uo ,aeqina hhs ,anored" student odebnoe ja nfoqU [ta juael] thode J8-JS8I eiseP kws galteofH [u .2 e gnilofqxe boqgA .( betisv ehj abmalel iwi (neewfed 14-SCSI) Hev .eMoi .2 riej2 [ni ,R8BI to RbohaabsoH ,aifedolV ,saw a elee to adt naemaI uhnael thode Y3CI ,hhs heeeefie ehrid ereni Hev .e ,eL .2 semidW hefeafIee ni aoma2 [8Y-8YI ta jaaol ,hhs veirlt hhs ehj ehtu ,jitH aneesn to omeo eid lalfesam eh ,ehm behbe emos ot ehj yroslid to edt euW sefaeibuerai aewllieq veH .eeol mword beniaedo emea ahrid [ta iJvae2] (ja taael) veH .,aohT ,Ilewoi ,saw gnivII no nfoqU [eidW a ]ytseaeem ,hhs oVq die hefeefioe a wet ehrid ereid ,as Ilew ae no na2 hne iint? [gnihueri ehj egYJ to sedafotariI Ilewoq .]) .3 J .,aayal ,thode 67BI ,betisv to emoeh edt uhnael [ind bib ton ja aifbui? ;] ed ovag a Ieaeoq tauroes to edt ehrid nee e o ,beniat ni .9 .3 .2 ,87BI ,091-002 .jueM .L ,yrruH to .2 .M .2 'emigyl' ,betisv edt naemaI abmalel ,00-246I "oeww eh horuoeg roI an emoeh vrew galjaeredai oeqe (enibraL ,ditnoO ,nxO ,J8BI .q :EIf) enidW .i yulduerd beniaedo emoa ehrid [no aiflue? ja ]:taao eid hneab hertuoeo taet evored edt noitnaifDng to uid kiew 'di3el' no edt eaimro to adt ,aooeM 87BI

-149- Rev. Mr. Lawes, collected nat. hist. objects on Nttle, in the early '70's (reported upon by Gunther in P. Z. S., 1874, 295-297). The Earl of Ranfurly obtained some birds on Nttle for Brit. Museum in 1902, probably in spirits or formalin; 8 spp. in all (see Ogilvie- Grant, Ibis, 1905, 601-602). Dr. Edouard Griffe collected some birds on Savaii and Upolu. Johann Kubary collected birds on Savaii; he discovered Pareudiastes about 1869-70. Dr. Htisker, of the 'Gazelle' exped., got a few species at Samoa about 1875-76. -- -- Krause collected some birds in Samoa. Dr. T. Canisius, ex U. S. Consul, sent 10 skins to U. S. N. M. in 1885. G. Goward, ex U. S. Consul, sent 2 Didunculus to U. S. N. M. Mason Mitchell, U. S. Consul, sent a few birds to U. S. N. M., and to other institutions, about 1909-15. He wrote a book on Birds of Samoa, and contributed a few items to popular periodicals at this time, but his collecting was indifferent, and mostly (if not entirely) upon Upolu. Dr. C. H. White, U. S. N., presented 9 skins to U. S. N. M., from Samoa. Sir Fred. Walpole sent (to England) at least a Didunculus from Upolu, back in the 40's. Mrs. Cusack-Smith collected or presented a few birds to Brit. Mus., from Tau. Thilenius, an early visitor, is credited with a bird or more from Upolu.

-150- -- -- Cunningham is credited with a bird or more from Upolu. Theodor Kleinschmidt, a collector of Fiji birds (killed in New Britain, July, 1881), got some birds at Upolu. Chas. H. Townsend, on the Agassiz Pacific Exped., 1899-1900, gath- ered a few birds at Apia, Upolu, Dec. 26, 1899. He did a lit-tle collecting at Ni'ue, when the 'Albatross' stopped there "for a few hours" on Nov. 25, 1899, but thinks there may be "other land birds, as my brief search for birds was necessarily con- fined to the vicinity of Alofi village." Lieut. Richard C. Reed, U. S. N., collected some birds on Tutuila, about 1920-21, for the National Museum. Voyage of 'Astrolabe' and 'Zélee' (under Dumont d'Urville); Hombron & Jacquinot were the naturalists. They collected at Apia, Upolu, in Sept., 1838. Unfortunately, many of the birds from the Samoan group have been labelled simply from "Samoa", without reference to the individual islands; hence it is difficult to give the exact habitats for many of them. In Peale's time, the natives of Samoa had developed a fondness for cats, which they secured from passing ships. Many cats took to the woods, and became wild, preying on the Dodo Pigeon and other ground

-081- [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

-151- birds. Peale stopped at Gente Hermosa on Feb. 3, 1841, and says "Scarcely any marine birds were seen, which is very singular and unaccountable unless they have been driven away by the great number of enormous land crabs, which are known to devour the eggs and young: these crabs are larger here than any we have seen elsewhere--and the birds are fewer than they are even where inhabited by man." He mentions no land birds at all. Wilkes (IV, p. 18) says pigeons were observed on this island. The single specimen of Pealea lineata obtained by Peale on Upolu (but of which Beck got a "boatload" somewhere in the Pacific), was secured by a native, who said they breed high in the mountains, in holes. Whitmee says (P. Z. S., 1873, 153) the former habit of snaring pigeons (in Samoa) was going out of favor, "in consequence of the ease with which the birds may be shot." Cheap firearms were evidently being introduced among the natives at that time, though these were later taken away from them by the Germans, when they took over Savaii and Upolu. Mason Mitchell (Birds of Samoa, 1909) says pigeons are increasing since the natives have had their guns taken from them.

-152- 23. Birds of Samoan group. (Birds of Ni[illegible] Island are listed beyond.) Phasianidae. Gallus gallus. (Megapodidae. Megapodius stairei Gray, based on an egg, was orig- inally recorded from "Samoa" but was later found to occur on the island of Niuafou, in the Tonga group. No megapode is now known to be native to the Samoan group.) (Turnicidae? Mason Mitchell includes a "Turnicidae taigur" among the birds of Samoa, but gives no information about it. No bird of this family is native of Samoa, but a species of Turnix may have been intro- duced.) Treronidae. Ptilinopus perousei Peale. (Type locality, Upolu). Samoan Ids. Whitmee ("not uncommon."). Savaii: Whitmee. Tutuila: R. C. Reed. Upolu: Peale; Gr[illegible]e; Whitmee; Layard (saw about 30 pair in one tree back in the forest); Mitchell. Ptilinopus fasciatus Peale. (Type locality, "Samoan" Ids.) ----- Layard (found it abundant); C. H. White. Throughout the group: Peale; Whitmee ("very common all over the islands"), etc. Tutuila: Peale; R. C. Reed. Upolu: Peale ("not uncommon"); Gr[illegible]e; Nicoll (not uncommon at 1000 ft.); Mitchell. (In earlier days there was some difference of opinion about this species; Whitmee thought it the female of perousei, but Layard believed it different.) Globicera pacifica (Gmelin). (Type locality, Friendly Islands.) Samoan Ids.: Peale; Whitmee ("exceedingly abundant in all the islands"); Layard (very abundant).

-21- .qrevy nmoemS to ehrid ,E3 (.haoyd leteH era hnefal elIH te ahni) .eabibotamH .aeifeg arifie .eabibocnelJ Pro oaw ,xgo ne no beaed ,yetU itloda eribqpeelM al aId no

-153- Apolima: Whitmee. Manono: Whitmee. Savaii: Pickering (MS.); Kubary. Tutuila: Pickering (MS.); Whitmee; R. C. Reed. Upolu: Peale (woods "abounded with them"); Pickering (MS.); Griffe; Whitmee. Columbidae. Janthoenas castaneiceps (Peale). (Type locality, Upolu.) -----Layard (not common). Apolima: Whitmee (saw it). Manono: Whitmee (saw it). Savaii: Whitmee. Upolu: Peale; Griffe; Whitmee; Mitchell. Peristeridae. Gallicolumba stairi (Gray). (Type locality, said to be Samoa.) Samoan Ids.: Whitmee ('3 spns. in Tristram colln.); Layard (rare, got only 1 spn.). Upolu: Griffe; Mitchell. Whitmee says "widely distributed" but not frequently met with. Finsch calls the species samoensis, distinguishing it from the Fiji and Tongan species, and Salvadori follows him, thinking the type of stairi is more like the Fiji birds. Didunculidae. Didunculus strigirostris (Jardine). (Type locality not known; probably Upolu.) Samoan Ids.: Whitmee; Layard (did not see it himself, but had one brought to him; Brenchley. Savaii: Bennett (rec'd it in Sydney, in 1843, July); Griffe; Kubary, etc. Tutuila: (this id. is cited by Salvadori, in Brit. Mus. Catalogue). Upolu: Peale; Walpole; Bennett (rec'd one in Sydney, in June, 1843); Griffe; Mitchell, etc. Jardine described the species in 1845, from an unknown locality; G. Bennett records a bird from Upolu, that reached Sydney in June, 1843, and another that was received July 24, 1843, from Savaii. One of these was preserved in spirits and the other was sent alive to the Zool. Soc. London. Bennett (P. Z. S., 1864, 14l) says "I was in- formed that these birds are nearly extinct, from having

-314 .oomiDw :amfoqA .oomiDw :onomal .ytledIH ;(.UM) malmeoFy :llevaU .desh .D..H :emjinW ;(.UM) ytilneofy :nifnat ;(.OM) qulneaFy ;"meh dlIm BeAnnab" ahpew ofna :nioqU .oomiDw :eTIlIro .anbLunfoU (.nioqU ,ytilneof euyt) .(elae%) sqoienedam emeodiznt .nesmoO JoX} brayeI---- .{i waa} oemjinW :aelfoqa .{i waa} aemjinW :enoma .oominW :llevas .lledolIH ;oemidinW :eTIlIh ;elneY :nioqU .anbLunfreaX (.somaO ed on blee ,ytilneof euyt) .(yezo) itiaxa adamfoollleO brayeI ;:.nfloo merteifT nI .nqpe Oj oemidinW :.oBI neesae .{,nqe I yIno JoX ,enat) .lledolIH :eTIlIro :nioqU .dJtw Jem ytlneaperl JoN Jud "Boedilztaib yiebiw" eyan oemidinW odt moT si gaidelgnitalh .glanneea aeloqe adf alfas dpeuT adf gaXmnda ,mh twoflOa lrohavisO has ,defoqa magneT ana iTi .adnid iTM add oThi emom ni itiaxe To egYs .anbLunpobIH ;rewmi JoN ytlIadof euyT) .(anibna}) atdnolpItca amfnoubIG (.nioqU ylledong ed JoD ,yIemaN iI oea JoD blh) brayeI ;oemjinW :.aBI nceaeO .yallemrH ;mIn od Jdpeod eno :eTIlIro ;(yIel ,ElAfi ni ,yabvEe ni si b'oeT} .iSamoO :llevas .oJO ,ytledIH aMae .sui .liD ni ,lrehavisQ ye beSio si .bi aId) :alirjUT enab ni ,yabvEe ni eno b'oeT} .iSamoO ;foqifsw ;elnei :nioqU .cta ,lledolIH :eTIlIro ;.ElAf ;ytilneof mwemian na moT .cIM ni aeloqe adf Bedronab anImal bedoeTi zndt ,nioqU moT brid a abdoesX jJameel .O C Bevecoer ssw omid ranjoda ana ,ElAf ,saw ni yamvu ni bevecerug ssw ened To enO .llevas moT ,ElAf ,AS oet .focK ed OJ avla Ines ssw Teco adf ana zIlTige si saw iI ayue (IAF ,ElAf ,.E .X .%) jJameel .mobneD lymd moT ,zaidx'a yIseN ara obuld saeri Jatt harrO

-154- been formerly eaten by the natives in great numbers, and of late years from being destroyed by wild cats; and it is said that most of the Ground-Pigeons are following the fate of the Didunculus from the same causes." Peale says formerly common, but being killed off rapidly by cats run wild. Nicoll did not see it (1903), but heard it was getting rare, and only found in the mountains. Rallidae. Porphyrio melanotus samoensis Peale. (Type locality Upolu.) All the islands: Whitmee ("common all over the islands.") ------Layard (very common here). Savaii: Græffe; Kubary. Upolu: Peale ("abundant in all the fresh-water ponds" and in grassy meadows); Græffe; Mitchell. Pareudiastes pacificus Hartlaub and Finsch. (Type locality, Savaii.) Type in the museum at Hamburg. ------ Whitmee (female, 1872, and a skin in 1873, in Tristam colln). Savaii: Kubary (1 skin; 1 alcoholic). Upolu. Said by Whitmee to be more common on Savaii than on Upolu, but the known specimens seem to have come from the former island. The native name is "Puna'e", pronounced Punahe; Whitmee gives an account of it in the P. Z. S., for 1874, pp. 184-186. He says it lives in the mountains some distance inland, and in burrows; but he got his information from natives, few of whom knew the bird at first hand. Information came mostly from old natives who knew the Puna'a when it was plentiful. Its eyes are "uncom- monly large", according to Hartlaub and Finsch, who studied Kubary's specimens, indicating that it may be nocturnal. The bill is said to be reddish orange; frontal shield yellow; legs and feet light red; irides brown-red. Among the known birds of Samoa, this is the rarest; no speci- mens in America. Eulabeornis philippensis goodsoni Mathews. (Type locality, "Samoa.") ------ Peale; Whitmee ("very common," especially near the coast); Layard (very abundant). Savaii: Kubary. Tutuila: R. C. Reed. Upolu: Peale; Græffe; Mitchell.

pabiffak (.qfloqu yillasoq eqqt) .elaqni atnemeaae anuromiaae oryiqroq (".aheisai aji veve ija nommoq") eeevidW ;akhsael edi ila .(oted nommoq yrev) bqoyal ---- .yammiil :eliiik :ileva2 ni hae "aheeq nojaw-chaet aji ila ni iachnaaq" elaqU :infoqu .iledo?iik :e?tiikU ;(swobaem yaseeq ilaave2 ,yillasoq eqqt) .noemiil hae dualfraid auqitsoq anvealbueraaI .gymdail in aewauin edi ni eeqqt meriqlili ni ,EVGI ni ahia a hae ,SVGI ,elmaet) semfidW ----- .{.office .lottedloola i ;rub(a i) yradiiil :ilaave2 no nadi ilaave2 no nommoq erum ed ot eeevidW qd bla2 .elaqqu mae mena aemi ot meaa anuqlouqa mawmi edi jua ,infoqu .bnaiai 'tortor' edi na nawiI eeeviliW ;oHamiI heennvoniq ",e'tanE" ni eaan eviian edi qe aii .SBI-8BI .qq ,SVGI -?a7 .,2 .2 .? edi ni SA to janaaea mouud ni hae ,bnaiai noataaih omea aniaunaq edi ni zevif ji ji wani madi To weI ,sevidaa nort' noijsanualai aidi jou ed jua sevidaa biiC wort' yjtaam eaae noisnerooli .baae te?iI ta kyiD mu" ea2 seya aii .la?imeiq asw ji new s'amii edi wani edi behurn oiw ,noemiil hae dualfraid ot pathuoea ,"eytai yinua aII .lamiioon ed qea ni jaej eniteeiihai ,anuqlouqa s'yradiiik ael :wolloy biiaine latwrii ;qhaero naalhea ed ot bla2 ni iiIb .boi-mawrid eabiii ;bea figif teei hae qe3 on ;daemur edi ni whit ,eeoail to ahria awari edi 'goona .apirema ni uaae ,.eeoaa" ,yillasoq eqqt) .ewaisai ineaooq ataeeqqiliiq eba?oeaIil2 saeu edj "jeen y'inaioqu" ,nommoq yrev"} eeaidW ;elaqT ----- :(ziahaDa yrev) bqoyal .yradiiil :ilaave2 .baaK .D .H taifmeel .iledo?iik :e?tiikU :elae5 :infoqu

-155- Poliolimmas cinereus tannensis (Forster). So recognized by Ingram. ---- Whitmee (not rare, but hides closely in swamps, etc.; he thinks it occurs on all the islands). Upolu: Gr"affe. Porzana tabuensis (Gmelin). ---- Whitmee; Gr"affe, etc. Upolu: Gr"affe. Puffinidae. Apparently no AEstrelata (Pterodroma) recorded from the group. ?Halobaena coerulea. Off Apolima: Layard (saw this, or "what serves for it in these seas.") Puffinus "obscurus." Tau: Powell (cf. Salvin, Ibis, 1868, 357); Mrs. Cusack-Smith (in Brit. Mus.). Puffinus carneipes? "Near Samoa": (Ramsay, ex Whitmee colln.). Ramsay records this Whitmee bird as "Puffinus (Nectris) carneipes?" and notes that the nostrils and culmen are blackish. Puffinus "assimilis". ---- Layard. Puffimus temirostris (Temminck). Recorded by Salvin (Brit. Mus. Cat., xxv, p. 369), but it may prove to be one of the preceding. Hydrobatidae. Fregetta moestissima Salvin. (Type locality, Samoa, especially Tau.) All the islands: Powell.

-241- Poliçia iu boshimporer të .(rojerò) niamonni auverolo naomlicio :ete ,sqere ni glemo oebid.jed ,aver jon] veetidi ---- .nitafel edi lla se arxoo si minis .ottìto infogu . .(nileni) sianegiat anuero .ote ,otiiò :oomiKW ---- .otiiò :ofogu .sabinafio edi mort babrocet (amoborer?) adferdàa un ylemasqà .seintsoo dneedlen? id ni li yoì averan iaiw" ye ,aidj was] brayal :exifoyi 710 ".asea ".auruodo" aumitiwi inòt-?osaaù .arM ;{38 ,001 ,didI ,nivfèO .to) ifowT: imT .{am did ni} ?sogienzo amiliiw .!.niìoo aemidW xe ,yamaH] :"oomaù "oel" taarao [otqomM] amitiiin" an brio oemidW aidé abroer yamaM .diionid bré nemioo ba efrinau edf taìr açen hua ."eifmisa" amiliiri .brvaì ---- .(yonhmo?) eihteorimod emiiyWi ni li tod ,(208 .q ,vnx ,.daù .emè ,li?E) nivlaè ye babrocet .yriheow edf le uro od or aver .sahìtadunbi iY"e loccape ,nomaù ,yjiiecof eqyI] .nivfaa uriasidaem nifomà .ifon'k :nitafel edi lla

-156- Pealea lineata (Peale). (Type locality, Upolu.) Off Apolima: Layard (saw what he thought was this species). Upolu: Peale (1 specimen). Peale's specimen was obtained by a native, who said "they breed in holes, very high up in the mountains." Peale says "This bird was frequently seen within the torrid zone of the Pacific Ocean." Sternidae. Terns. Large numbers of terns of three species (of which O. fuscatus was one) were breeding on Rose Island, on Oct. 7, (Pickering, M. S.). Gygis alba ----- ----- Gray; Whitmee; Gräffe; Krause. Tutuila: Nicoll (fairly common at 1000 ft., flying among coco- nut trees). Upolu: Gräffe. Megaloapterus leucocapillus. ----- Layard. Anous stolidus ----- Samoa: Stair; Whitmee; Krause (in Brit. Mus.). Tutuila: Nicoll (fairly common at 1000 ft., flying among coco- nut trees); R. C. Reed. Procelsterna cerulea ----- Tutuila: Powell. Sterna "melanauchen". ----- Layard. Onychoprion fuscatus. Samoaan Ids.: Whitmee. ----- Gräffe. Rose: Peale. Upolu: Gräffe. Thalasseus bergii ----- ----- Layard (says he recognized this species).

(.eifqU .ydlfnocf eq?T) .(olccE) adaefti noiaef .[sefoge eht: saw zhdve] ni sahe was): brusai :enifqi ?TQ .noeibegs I] nfeoi :nfoqU bseod yel?" biae odf ,evIae a qd benlafto sse neeibege a'ofac? alid" eyme ofac? ".aeltnume ais ui qd fydia viow ,seloh ni loefi oaf lo eroea hirtod ais.niecir neea vifneuper? saw krid ",noeQO .enreQ .,eehluwoeh dolde 1p) ealvega sewit lo errae lo srodam agtai .T ,.seQ no ,bnmaI eaeZ no qutheed otew [sao saw ahtaeai].O .[.R .H ,quixelo?] ----- edla elqyQ .enneal ;eTfEhD :seestKil ;yeuO ----- sso ynoee gati? ,.T 000I sa noemoo viiia?) ifoik :alltmi .(aeus jmi .eTfdEo inofqU .enfilgaecouai auejpolagei .brusai ---- ----- snhfote anqa. .(.aM ,jiR ni) eeswtl ;eemfKil ;tlacE :noaeE sso ynoee gati? ,.T 000I sa noemoo viiia?) ifoik taIveur? .beef .O .A :[aerr Iui ----- seImeo aetafseortI .IfewG taItuE? ."noanoneam" eue?Q .brusai ---- .euhceoi noitqeocye? .oemidW :.aM noomet ,eTfdEo ----- .nfseY :eool ,Uqoin qRlcio ----- ligred aresaeIaf? ,(aeiege eht: beelagoeer sd arya) brusai ----

-157- Scolopacidae. Numenius, species? Gente Hermosa: Whitmee (2 spns., cf. P. Z. S., 1874, 183). Sclater (P. Z. S., 1874, 323) says these appear to be tahitiensis, "but cannot be certainly determined while alive." These specimens do not seem to have reached the British Museum. Numenius tahitiensis (Gmelin). Samoa (recorded by Henninger, in 1912). Numenius variegatus (Scopoli). Samoa (recorded by Henninger, in 1912). "Numenius minutus", or "Whimbrel." Mason Mitchell says one was shot in "Samoa" in 1902, but he does not give the island, nor the authority for this identification. Limosa lapponica baueri Naumann. ----- Layard (generally distributed along sea coast). Rose: Peale. Upolu: Gräffe, etc.; Mitchell. Rose Id. is the type locality of Limosa foxii Peale, a synonym of this species. Heteroscelus incanus (Gmelin). ----- Peale; Whitmee; Layard (generally distributed along sea- coast); etc. Savaii: Brown; Gräffe; Kubary. Tutuila: Brenchley; R. C. Reed. Upolu: Peale; Gräffe (Sept.); Nicoll (several seen along beach, April 26). Pisobia maculata (Vieillot). Pectoral Sandpiper. "Samoa". Reichenow records this North American species (no island or collector or date mentioned) in Journ. für Orn., 1919, 333. Charadriidae. Pluvialis doninicus fulvus (Gmelin).

{ "text": "-[illegible]-\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-158- ---- Peale; Whitmee; H[illegible]sker; Layard (very common and tame). Upolu: Peale; Gräffe; Nicoll (abundant along beach, April 26). Aphrizidae. Arenaria interpres oahuensis (Bloxam). Upolu: Gräffe. Layard did not see it in Samoa. Ardeidae. Demigretta sacra (Gmelin). ---- Peale; Stair; Whitmee; Layard (generally distributed, but not common); etc. Upolu: Peale; Gräffe; Nicoll (very abundant). "Nycticorax griseue." Mason Mitchell records this from Tau only. Anatidae. Mason Mitchell includes Blue-winged and Green-winged Teal (Q. "discolor" and Q. "carolinesis") from Samoa, but without any definite records. In view of recent records of North American ducks from the Marshalls and elsewhere in the Pacific, it is likely some species may reach Samoa. Anas superciliosa pelewensis Hartlaub and F[illegible]nsch. ---- Peale; Stair; Whitmee; Layard ("rare and local, being only found on the lakes in the mountains--old extinct craters, in fact."); Canisius. Upolu: Peale; Gräffe. Peale says specimens "obtained as Upolu, ......being one-fifth less in size, but alike in plumage with others obtained in Australia." Phaëthontidae. Phaëthon lepturus Daudin. ---- Gräffe; Stair; Whitmee; Layard (nests in holes in Samoa); Canisius. Tutuila: Nicoll (fairly common at 1000 ft., flying among cocoa- m[illegible]ut trees). Upolu: Brit. Mus.; Gräffe.

-601- .sahisaku .(sakareli) siadumiso adigroshi atianazi .eTbri info ,soma ni ji esa van bi binaqi .sahieba .(niIiuse) niose afireghesi .detoSiriSi yiliSesq:) brayal ;oomiliw ;vlas2 ;afasi ---- .ose ;nomocon ioc .(imabanda yiev) ifoolk ;etbriD ;alefi :ufogu ".,omashi xeroItsoqT" ,yino ani merti aidi afrocer Ifafosik nocaI .sahizqi .nomia hun daiditSi elanveleg eotifiregus ama yaled ,(lcoi hua eue) brayal ;oomiliw ;vlas2 ;afasi ---- .aTbri info :ufogu dilii ano yaled..... ,ulogu an hasaido" zmamasege vye afasI sitani ni bantadu eraso dihe epaulo ni eXis juv ,eina ni .sahinodishqi .nihuaS aarqigei noidaIdy .dualam2 .(aquri jne .elIba :euli.jiri tofoqu

-159- Phaethon aethereus Linnaeus. ------ Gräffe; Whitmee; Layard. Upolu: Peale; Gräffe. Phaethon rubricaudus Boddaert. ------ Peale; Layard. Rose: Peale. Upolu: Peale. Sulidae. Pickering (MS.) says large numbers were breeding on Rose Id., Oct. 7; possibly three species. Sula piscator (Linnaeus). ------ Recorded by Ogilvie-Grant. Sula leucogastva plotus (Forster). ------ Gräffe; Layard (saw gannets in Samoan seas, but did not identify, though probably this species). Upolu: Gräffe. Nicoll saw it between Tutuila and Upolu. Fregatidae. Fregata "aquila". ------ Layard (common in stormy weather). Rose: Pickering (MS.) large numbers breeding Oct. 7. Fregata "minor". "Samoa": Whitmee (recorded by Tristram). Psittaci. Charmosyna samoensis Hartlaub. This is a problematical species from "Olajava" (Upolu), based on the description of Kotzebue, about 1824-25. No later records. Said to be about the size of a sparrow, red and green; tail red, and four times the length of the body. Loriidae. Vini australis (Gmelin). (Type locality, Samoan Islands.)

-451 . [illegible] .Preval : [illegible] ----- .Unclear : Reel ; . [illegible] .[illegible] [illegible] mod/Redi .Preval : almer ----- .Reel : [illegible] .Unclear : Reel .eahlig0 [illegible] (25) gaitreol : . [illegible] .[ [illegible] ) . [illegible] aine .jxer0-aiylig0 yd bairrodeH ----- . [ ille ge ] anfgy ariamgechei ain0 m : hib im , asaa nuaaE ai eteney esa ) preval ; [illegible] ----- . [illegible] aint yfdndorq Aynudf , ytilnebi .eiril0 : niogU .niogU hme alinen? neested ti was [illegible] .enllemark ."alfinge" etamri . [ ille sew vniol ai nemeo ] preval ----- . . i06 gaitseid evedum erai (25) gaitreol : reeH ."runm" aageri . (merdaire yd bairroer) wendinW : "comeU" [illegible] .donifral aieneomes arygnoital0 [illegible] , [illegible] "mvalaio" nari niilege iailiueideiy a ai alie2 [illegible] tadei ol . 65-451 jnoda ;eudeioli to niilqiuoeb edi no ber ilas , neavy hna bet , womage a to eale edit iude ed of alae .ybed edi to dngrofi edi nault muih hae [illegible] . [illegible] .(aliam0) ailixman inV

-160- ----- Whitmee (very abundant on all the islands during a part of the year."); Dr. H[illegible]sker ('Gazelle' exped.). Savaii: Kubary; Gr[ae]ffe. Upolu: Peale; Gr[ae]ffe; Layard (

-161- ---- Whitmee; Hüsker; Canisius; C. H. White. Savaii: Whitmee (very common); Kubary. Upolu: Peale; Cunningham; Whitmee (

.otlW ,K ,Q ;ontainuB ;nretanH ;aetnIbD --... .tneAaH :;noMooN yteV) oesIdW :iLaveS Brayal :("nomroo yteV") oesIdW ;amngalinuo ;eJaE :uloqU aIloD ;hnanwoT ;rInaH ;eLLIoD :("nomroo ytnretanD") .(.nodmoo) .eloque aIdT to nymorya s aL ,ofaeI olniu eLoceD (aLoqU) aIqa wort esoN awd of hna woy (aIlemD) nurtaeew .boT .quorY anD aL teneo od swodl jon aL rI nnd (.aIIuDaT ,.ool eqyT) .(dnelfnAH & doanIT) iLaSeq aIlqaouweS coW nI :;dT ooe za todo I hna ,ngee (retvoy) iLoDHi :aIIuD .LoeK ,Q ;H .oLeol inLoqU olaw ",aIIuD" to Inofal edT od DeaLinoo aL" LeIloY aywe Brayal .tLaLv jon bIH od (.aIIuD :.ool eqyT) .(equoD) eaIInUD aiSqormoS ov a aL hna "qIno aIIoVr" no hanorT) oesIdW ;eJaeE :aIIuDa .hooH ,Q ;H ;vIrID vSton wort nnd ,eloque aIdT to nymorya s od yea eJaE adnamoeo oLeceD to egInarot/tafer hna emtalonamw edT ni 'yaIT guIftewm ai .heffedaf on hna todo od binodS aLoY tedall .aorfoT owD .oeBhuanlopanH (.nloqU yInainolteaq ,.ooNae ,.ool eqyT) .oLaSe aIIlaeP ealotweI AIaI edJ to atnaq (Ie nI nomroo yteV") oesIdW ;.abI edJ IIa .(xInDaiwOl hna anIatnwoM ni HJoD .(nommoNuu yteV jon) Brayal ;oJaee tahnaEi arofwaV (Id edT nI ;S qIno jon hna woD) IIoDIH :a'LIIrD ;eJaeE :uloqU (.nloqU ,.ool eqyT) .eJaSe eLoLodeN anIlhlyID (n) Brayal ;"Hand edT ni dIw Jon yInawpeNI yteV") oesIdW---- .(aevoL on aL ewen .yIavDI :iLaveS omoo erus ;aIqa je wot a) IIoqHi :.ooe ,aLLrleD ;eJaeE :nloqU ,(;dT oooT ta (.aLI asmoN ,.ool eqyT) .(oLaSeT) aiVnovIea angaIyI on yIIemolaxooo qIno"') oesIdW :("nommoNuu jon") aIqaI ---- .oTe ;noMroo jon) Brayal ;"Hand edT ni ,(;dT OooI je nohloqea I) IIoDIH ;aLLIrD ;eJaeE :nloqU

-162- Myiagra vanikorensis (Quoy & Gaimard). Upolu: Græffe. (Monarcha dimidiata from "Samoa Islands (J. Gould) 1850": two skins are thus recorded in Strickland's collection--see Salvin, Catal. Strickl. Colln., 1882, p. 136. Probably not from Samoa, as the species is only known from Rarotonga.) Campephagidae. Lalage sharpei Rothschild. (Type loc., Apia, Upolu.) ----- Layard ("very common"); Whitmee ("very common about the villages--I think, the most common bird we have."). Upolu: Peale; Græffe; Nicoll (common in town of Apia); C. M. Woodford (collected the type). This species seems to replace L. pacifica in the Samoan Ids. Turdidae. (Saxicola luctuosa S. Müller, recorded from "Samoa" by Gray, is from Samao Id., Malay Arch. (see Wiglesworth, Aves Polynes., p. 24.) Planesticus samoensis (Tristram). (Type loc., "Samoa".) ----- Kubary; Whitmee ("common in the bush"); Layard (common). Upolu: Peale (found in the interior); Græffe, etc. Sylviidae. Layard said he could not find any Conopoderas, nor any one who knew of it. If ever present, he says "it may have become extinct." Peale (1848) mentions the Samoan Ids. as one of the lo- calities where he met with it, so it doubtless did occur at the time of his visit (about 1839-41). Finsch gives Upolu as the island on which Peale saw it, but there appear to be no specimens extant. Prionopidae. Pinarolestes powelli Salvin. (Type loc., Tutuila.) Tutuila: Powell. ?Upolu: Kleinschmidt. Laniidae. Pachycephala flavifrons (Peale). (Type loc., Upolu.) ----- Whitmee ("common"); Layard (not uncommon). Upolu: Peale ("quite a common bird"); Græffe; Brown; Layard; Nicoll (fairly common at 600 ft.).

{ "text": "-136-\n\n( . . ) ( ) \n\n. . \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

-163- Peale described this species under three names (flavifrons, icteroides, and albifrons), thinking the several plumages rep- resented as many species. Meliphagidae. Myzomela nigriventris Peale. (Type loc., Samoan Ids.) ---- H[sk]er; Canisius; C. H. White. All the islands: Peale; Whitmee (common near the coast on all the islands). Tutuila: Nicoll (fairly common); R. C. Reed. Upolu: Peale; Graffe; Layard (

-161- ,nehtlaaT) zassu seerir rahnu salbeqa nidi bedi'eeab efael e sa'aaqilq lannevee edz yulidnit ;(naor'tiDIn hna ,saehioedni .salieqa vhae za hednneser .rahleesriIaK (..aB) nasseel ..sol eqyT) .afse? airtuevirlin alcorqK .edidW .H .0 ;jurkelaS? ;remlhK ---- ( a Co Jassu edz 'aan nomoo) eedidiW ;aIae? :ubnalai edz (IA .(abnalai edz .bbeel .O .R :(nommoD yilnit) li'oiK :alirun? -naWT ;"irlidneiq lla da jon") fraqal ;eIIaR? ;afse? inloqU maeevo ni qa dgin svxna ;nammoD yixitl) li'oiK ;bnee (.ndafagaoT ..sol eqyT) .(nIlemO) atalnourra apaqqlle? naa vLelii yvey ;brid nommoD Jassu edz 'o onaj semldiW ---- .edidW .H .0 ;auelmeO ;(saieqa reddu kiw eIrram .bbeel .O .R :(nomoo) li'oiK ;.nuL jiiT? ;aIae? :alirun? Jaan) li'oiK ;baeeWOT? ;eze ,braqal ;eIIaR? ;afse? :inloqU .(balD inshand ,.enaaB ..sol eqyT) .(JonrppaL & nordeonH) vianoomas "nirveqel" nan wnaa edz 'o ypalqirlora edz .edidW .H .0 ;(eBI) aeaK ,T .vex ---- aii edz tneDyDroiD bupOT" ) eedidiW ;aIae? rabnalai edz (IA .("Jassu edz 'aan naea vDeer enb .afse? :alirun? puDnuL ;(ncoafT llaee ni han?) Araqal ;eIIaR? ;aIae? inloqU "donpael & .nloqo hna alieai no "irlidneiq luom evey vaaJ" aypa afse? noefalela ban saDledola 'o elqua a teg of liew ad hieuw ni '0 ben aiJi? edz 'o saieqa edz 'o aeodi dsiw noifxgmoD netaf no? a ,ruael 'e atneq owt of nuofed salbeqa eewid enT .alnobela? wok nae adlai no seJon .."Iaeii vD aimey a ni Jev ed ylinil ygm Dose adZ jon al nirreqlaL .Jcraeni 'o ed liiw salbeqa Dose 'o ariden Jed ,Antuqen ai ron ,aioeqa aneoa? edz 'o emar aIreea? inaeer? .madT eeaifex liiw erxpotomA yidedorq .ashleaaT (..noqU ..sol eqyT) .(afse?) anerlveemqa axutyaL bieg" and "nomooD jon") eedidiW ;(nommoD jon) fraqal ----

-164- to be seen near the coast" except in July and August, when its food trees are in bloom). Savaii: Whitmee (saw it once in the mountains); Kubary. Upolu: Peale ("very rare," probably because their haunts are "quite limited in extent"); Gräffe; Whitmee, etc. Erythura (or Erythrura, as usually spelt) is a plastic genus, and is likely to differ on each island. Probably not enough specimens have been gathered together thus far to make a study of variation among the birds of the Samoan group, and it is desirable to get a series from each island where it occurs. The chances are that the birds of Upolu and Savaii (and Tutuila, if it occurs there) have thrived on their respective islands for countless years without any intermingling, and they ought to be different. ?Aegintha optata (Finsch & Hartlaub). (Type loc., supposed to be Upolu.) ?Upolu: Gräffe. The unique type was sent by Gräffe from Upolu, in spirits, and is now in the Museum at Hamburg. Wiglesworth suggests it may be the immature of A. temporalis, and in all probability an introduced species. It must be something of this sort, or an odd native bird that has been misidentified; for no Aegintha, or anything related to it, is a native of Polynesia. Eulabetidae (or Graculidae). Aplonis atrifusca (Peale). (Type loc., Samoan Ids.) ------ Dr. Hüsker; C. H. White. Samoan Ids.: Peale ("active and noisy"); Whitmee ("very common and exceedingly bold"). Savaii: Kubary; Whitmee (very common). Tutuila: Peale; Pickering (MS.)--observed; Nicoll (fairly com- mon); R. C. Reed. Upolu: Peale; Gräffe; Pickering (MS.)--observed; Layard (common in little flocks); Nicoll (fairly abundant). Aplonis brevirostris (Peale). (Type loc., Samoan Ids.) ------ Whitmee ("confined to the bush"); Rev. T. Heath (1846). Various islands: Layard ("common throughout the island of Samoa"). Samoan Ids.: Peale ("not common"). Tutuila: Brenchley; R. C. Reed. Upolu: Peale; Gräffe; Layard.

-165- This ends what we know of the birds of Samoa, including the island of Gente Hermosa. What we don't know will have to be told us by Rollo H. Beck and his assistants. Before leaving the main islands of Samoa, it would be well to say that they are in about the same condition of ornithological exploration that the Hawaiian Ids. were in 1880. For many years the Hawaiian Ids. were "finished" as to birds, until someone about 1887 stumbled on the fact that they were unknown, and started to investigate them in a modern way. The result was that about 10 additional new genera were discovered. The same story may be repeated in Samoa; for these large mountain masses must contain more birds than we now know.

-166- 23. Birds of Nïle or Savage Island. Georg Forster (June 21, 1774) saw "some curlews, snipes, and herons" here. Günther (P. Z. S., 1874, 295) refers to "a pretty little green bird with white feathers under the tail." Treronidae. Günther says doves and pigeons abound. His data was received from Rev. Mr. Lawes. Ptilinopus perousei. Whitmee. Ptilinopus porphyraceus. Brenchley (Brit. Mus.). Whitmee (Brit. Mus.). Townsend. Ranfurly. Ramsay named the Nïle bird P. whitmeei. Ptilinopus rarotongensis. "?Savage Id. (Elliot)". This looks like a mistake in locality, as it is unlikely that there can be three species of this genus on one island. Globicera pacifica. A specimen in Brit. Mus. is said to be from this island. Rallidae. Porzana tabuensis (Gmelin). Whitmee. Ranfurly. Scolopacidae. Heteroscelus incanus. Ranfurly.

-501- .hnael spewed to sBik To eBih .73 ,mooine ,emalnoa noes" was (AYYI ,IS ohul) retnaeT erod .erol "enmeT em eBiiH yitsem e" or arofer (092 ,AYRI ..S ..L.) rednats ".fina edS tebm arocer? oLiW dIw WriD .eabihnerT WAB eII ,dnoda egueqy bua cevoB nvea rednats .cewal ..M ..VEH meWt Deivocer em .leamoseg aignifilY .seum IdW .aecarfigeD eqgnillI .(,add ,114} yodnoraT .(.dud ,517) oem!IW .hreesm? .yU'rkaM .leesjdW .I dId aBiL edS busee Yammal .alaneguoTevr emgnillY ."(doffiE) .DI egnaveSY" E 2ur ylodfns ai jI ae ,yifseol n) oloJam: a xilf axof albT .hnael ono no amueg alDj to saInega ecusI ed ase .ebTfoeg wreldedU .hnael eId uet od of bhs ai ,adI ..314 ni neulceA A .eabIlm .(iCieaD) elanemiA auenrT .odudlaW .yU'rkaM .esblaooolb .annorl nuTeonoxedU .yL'irnaI

-167- Loriidae. Vini australis (Gmelin). (Type loc., Samoan Ids.) Whitmee. Townsend. Ranfurly. Günther (P. Z. S., 1874, 295) mentions parrots, probably meaning this species. Cuculidae. Urodynamis t. taitensis (Sparrman). Ranfurly. Micropodidae. Collocalia francica townsendi Oberholser. (Type loc., Eua, Tongas.) Townsend. Ranfurly. The small martin or swallow mentioned by Günther (P. Z. S., 1874, 295) is probably this species. Campephagidae. Lalage whitmeei Sharpe. (Type loc., Niûe Id.) Whitmee. Townsend ("common"). Ranfurly. This family, known as the Caterpillar-Shrikes, first appears in Samoa and Niûe (when travelling west), and crops out on various groups toward New Guinea. The members may always be recognized by the stiff- ened shafts to the feathers of the upper tail-coverts. Eulabetidae. Aplonis brunnescens Sharpe. (Type loc., Niûe.) Whitmee. Townsend. ("common.") Ranfurly. Not much real collecting has been done on this island. The Rev. Whitmee was a missionary and probably did not go into it very fully; Townsend had little time and collected around the village only; the Earl of Ranfurly probably relied on others to gather some stuff

-168- together for him, to send the Brit. Mus., and other work has been of a hasty, scattered nature. Why not get a Conopodera here?

-169- 8. Islands east and northeast of Samoa. (British, under New Zealand.) Anchorage { islet at mouth of lagoon of Taka; about 80 acres in ex- Pass. tent; inhab. Many cocoamuts have been planted; southern half of islet has been "reserved for the British Admiralty." Danger group {3 ids. on an atoll 7\frac{1}{2} mi. e. w. by 4\frac{3}{4} mi. n. s.; lagoon closed; landing dangerous. 100 53' S., 1650 45' W. This atoll is about 390 miles n. e. of Apia harbor, and about 210 mi. n. w. of Taka (Suvarov). The islands are Motu- kavata, Motukoe, and Pukapuka, with several smaller islets and sand cays. Famu {islet of Taka, is 2\frac{1}{2} mi. n. w. of Anchorage islet. Koko [= Motukoe]. Motugaugau [ = Nassau ]. Motukavata {long and low; 125 ft. high to tree tops near s. end; unin- Ratoe. hab. In Danger group. Motukoe { 100 or more ft. high; wooded; uninhab. In Danger group. Koko Nassau {islet 1400 x 1000 yards, with fringing reef; 70 ft. high; Motu- very few inhab. (was uninhab. in 1863); coconut, screw gaugau. pines, lime, banana and other trees occur; leased for coco- Ranger? mnt planting. 110 33' 20'' S., 1650 25' W., or 110 35' 46'' S 1650 20' 44'' W. About 45 mi. s. e. by s. of the Danger group.

-61- well known, dafina) .some to inscribed has been defined .) at seven of roads ;must to occupy to divide in teisi; speculum. ;because need over numerous yards .dani ;thus .ana dafinve and not levisae" need and teisi to "lim of 1,0 ,u ,im to yd ,w ,e ,im by lloca ne no .ahi 8 ! query reneq. 'as qal ,s 'es roi .amotanu aribal ;beefo see ,tofin alga to e ,u and im oec luoca ei llcda and abofai anY .(votaeG) simi to ,w ,u ,im CIS tofiam faveea didy ,muyehin bus ,euthen ,stawai .avao hase bus .tefui speculum to ,w ,u ,im 8 at ,mis? To teisi ;may . [aeunrok = ] olea [usuel = ] nepeumutah ;bus ,e zean agos ovt of dain .jt CSI ;roi bus yno! aleveCtOK .quory xegni ni .da) .oateK .quora tegmi ni .dadinu ;balooz ;aigif .st avon to OOI } aexiok .030 .j1 0V ;'teox guiguiti didy ,abray OOOI x OOI teisi } unana res ,jimeoos ;(OOI ni .daimnu aan) .duai we't yiev -motK .of beaeal ;'uocoo aecvi tadto bus amnad ,anif ,eaniq .Ytmanh off to ,w 'as Oal ,s 'ios ss oii .guisufy tim .mur plemish. JIG 89! s 196 S2, w ot 70 sed ads ba ,u yd ,e ,u ,im 8b toca .w '34 ro 23af 196 soI 44! .quor

-170- Pass [= Anchorage]. Pukapuka { n. id. of Danger group; 1 mi. in diam.; 80 ft. high; inhab.; many cocoanuts. Landing is possible on n. and w. sides. Inhab. said to be great thieves, though nominally Christians. (This information may be now out of date.) Ratoe [= Motukavata]. Souweroff [= Taka]. Suvarof [= Taka]. Suvaroff [= Taka]. Suvárov [= Taka]. Suwarow [= Taka]. Taka {atoll with reef 8 mi. n. and s., and nearly as broad; "closed" Souweroff. lagoon, but with opening on n. e. side; a few wooded Suvarof. islets on e. reef, mostly on n. part; now inhab. (intro- Suvaroff. duced); low; guano; groves of cocoanuts have been plant- Suvárov. ed. The id. was leased to an Auckland firm until 1913. Suwarow. When discovered (in 1814), it was "inhabited only by birds, crabs, and rats, ****but no signs of people." 13° 13' S., 163° 09' 15'' W. The Islas de San Bernardo of Mendaña may be the Danger group. The Isla de Pescado of Gonzales may be the Danger group. Ranger Island is thought to perhaps = Nassau.

."operadira =" asai ,drid ,dt dd ,soli di ,in i ;qoxi tegid to ,di .n atefaini .abli ,w bar ,u no eLibecy di ,eTibni .,atmeooc ynu .,tutakuf viEmon ,momi ,aeVini idrp od et bna (.adab to tno wan od yan aolfaroini) ."afevinitol =" eooei ."slef =" Tiorawud ."slef =" Totavni ."slef =" TTeVaNi ."slef =" yorAveC ."slef =" wotTawnG oic" ;daird an yEean bna ,.a bna ,n .in 2 teon Hiiw Ifota slesT boow wol x ;ehis ..x no "quluge dliw jrd ,nooai .Tiorawud ) ,eaidi won ;itay .n no yEean ,Teex e an afolei .Toravni deed eveni atmaoboo to dovor ;tany ;wol ;DoorD .Totavni (Tno niii bualtori na of baaol aw .di ed) .ae .yolAveC ylee lavidam" aw ii ,(Mii ni) beravocid nadi .,wotTawnG olyoog to angia on iur**** ,aex bna ,edvo ,abrid ,u uoi 'to 8ei ..3 ai oi --- .qooy regad ed od yan aifanli to obmrood adg eb afei awT .,qooy regad ed od yan eefane do banoce yea de Daeer Group. ,waaai = agaireq di niguodi ni bnaii regani

-171- 8. Islands east and northeast of Samoa. (Birds). Pigeons. "Wild pigeons" are among the food supplies that "may also be obtained" in the Danger group, according to the Hydrographic Pilot, but the species is in doubt; possibly Ptilinopus or Globicera. Terns (and probably other sea birds). "Wide-awake" tern's eggs are much used for food at Taka (wide Hydrogr. Pilot). Moss says the sea birds, including "small terns", breed in immense numbers on one of the "little islets" on the reef of the lagoon of Taka. When Taka was discovered (in Sept., 1814), its approach was "indi- cated by large flocks of birds." The landing party found it "inhabited only by birds, crabs, and rats." ?Cuculidae. Forbes and Robinson record Urodynamis t. taitensis (Sparrman) from "South Pacific (Suwarrows Island)," but they fail to indicate which of the three islands of similar name is meant. Suwarrow is a synonym of Taka, and there is a Suvarov or Suvarof in the Marshall group. Altogether, there is little known of the birds of these islands, and this little is from non-ornithological sources.

ORNITHOLOGY ARCHIVE 100220800