[Journal of the Crocker Land Expedition "Q"], 1913-1914

Allen, Jerome Lee; Crocker Land Expedition Collection; American Museum of Natural History; Crocker Land Expedition(1913-1917)

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Scientific expeditions Discovery and exploration American Description and travel Allen Jerome Lee

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ALLEN CROCKER LAND EXPEDITION OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND THE AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY 1913 - 1915 Q

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LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Jerome Lee Allen, U.S.N. Wireless Electrician

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S.S. Diana, St John's Newfoundland. July 28-13 - Monday. Today I begin my diary, having finally come upon that elusive box containing diaries and note-books and dug this book out, discovering incidentally that the whole lot of books was damp - perhaps from the wetting received during the unloading of the stranded Diana - So dried them out and repacked the box. At daylight this morning we were alongside the Erik and no time was lost in transferring cargo. It seems that everything has gone smoother here during this work today than in any of the previous operations of loading cargo. These stevedores have more life to them and things move along with a snap. I feel that Mac is showing up mightily well as a leader, in the way he has handled this situation. Tonight I shall sleep in my old berth but on a new ship - our box cabin having been picked up bodily from the Diana and set on the Erik's deck. Doc and Green have been tallying coal tonight - that almost seems like the navy - only the "mess cooks" havent been around with hot coffee & sandwiches as they would have been were this a navy coaling - Nay! - in fact we've all been cursin'

our steward because he didn't leave even a little plain agua for us! I might add, that I sat up till mid- night writing letters - fully an hour after everyone else was in bed, and, sitting in the after cabin was startled by what I thought was an approaching thunderstorm but my suspense was but momentary for upon investigation I found the sky clear, and atmosphere still, and came to the conclusion that the terrible noise had emanated not from the sky but from the door of Judge Spriggs stateroom. No wonder all these after cabin roomers sleep up on deck! July 29-13 Tuesday. Unloading of Diana proceeding nicely. Sterdors work well. By 11 p.m. only a few boxes remained in Diana's hold. Rainy weather. July 30-13 Wednesday- Loading from Diana finished today. Erik's loading has gone very nicely but his crew is now drunk, and may delay our sailing tomorrow. Orangenmen celebration in St Johns Today and sailormen are drunker than usual. Hunt, Green and I go uptown for supper. Weather quite warm. July 31-13 Thursday. Diana moved away from Erik this morning. Drunken crew ashore delayed our

sailing today. moved away from dock and anchored in harbour. August 1st- 13 Friday. Started north once more! At quarter of ten this morning we sailed out of St Johns harbour. Fine weather prevailed. Much discussion between us as to the accuracy of statements of several people that the "Erik" is a better sea-boat than "Diana", Ck and Judge Sprigg contend that the Erik tosses around more. August 2nd- 13. Saturday Sea smooths down in afternoon - day & night fine weather. Hoisted for Emart-- top[illegible] staysail, main top mast staysail and spanker. On evening Mac gave us setting up drill and we played games. Decided that it would be advisable for member of expedition to be on lookout, so Ck takes 10 to 12 mid watch, D 12 to 2 and Hunt 2 to 4 a.m. Aug 3- 13. Sunday. Arrive Battle Harbour about 1.30 A.M. Moor to Coucher's dock. All the boys writing letters home. Mac, Green, Tank, and Fred Patterson go up on the top of a hill for bath in natural bathing pool. All of us invited up to Dr Wakefield's home to sing; the bunch of us who went had a most enjoyable time - the hymn singing and picturesque house and

4 furnishings, the charming Mrs Wakefield and the young American nurses served to create a lasting impression as most of us realize that more than likely these are the last white women's faces we shall see for years. August 4th Monday. All hands up this morning at 4.00 A.M. and work of loading material from warehouse begun at once. Most of it aboard by 7.05 A.M. Have to stop work for some time because sailors not clearing decks as fast as we loading. Judge Sprigg and Fred Patterson worked very hard with us. Stores all aboard in afternoon. but fog delayed sailing. Jot Small arrived aboard today and encamped in his power-boat Green. moved his sleeping-bag in boat with him. Small displayed his 'handiness' well today in the way he secured our deck load with spruce pilings and ropes - I'm mighty glad we have a capable man like him. August 5th Tuesday. Erik sailed at 5 @ m for Cape York. Course set for Sukkertoppen Greenland. Moderate weather today - We are getting away from the ice-bergs. August 6th Wednesday. Rough weather. Ship gyrating. August 7th Thursday. More rough weather. Most all hands seasick.

August 8th - Friday. Sea moderating slightly. August 9th - Saturday. Smoothe[r] today. Everybody up but Tank. Sun came out today for short time. Iot clipped my hair today so I feel like a full fledged arctic explorer. August 10th-13 Sunday. Nice clear weather today till evening- then very thick fog. Going thru Davis Strait seeing no ice August 11 - 13 Monday. Sandy No! Early this morning we saw the mount- ains and glaciers along coast of Baffin Land. A most beautiful day - sea smooth as glass, sun shining, even Tank out of bed. We were all out on deck in the sunshine all day and could hardly believe our eyes at seeing temperature only 46°F. Thousands of little ducks followed, and passed us today. Judge Sprigg and Fred Patterson had target practice with them - don't think any were hit. Several group pictures were made today on deck- and in the rigging. Numerous ice-bergs today. No pack ice sighted yet. Bright twilight all throughout night. August 12-13 Tuesday, Sort of rough today. Rainy and foggy, not much doing Everybody sleeping or writing. August 13-13 Wednesday. Fine clear day. We bag coal all day today.

Filled about 400 bags. Saw our first pack-ice, just narrow strips which we got through easily. Fred Patterson worked down in the bunkers with us shovelling coal. August 14-13 Thursday. A thick fog is hanging over the sea and is necessitating our diminishing speed to about four miles an hour. This morning we finished bagging coal, but did not hoist the bags on deck. Mr Newberry, th. "Eriki" first mate saw some walrus early this morning. August 15-13. Friday. Fog cleared about ten pm yesterday and the beautiful Greenland coast could be seen about 25 miles off our starboard beam. Sighted Cape York this morning and had quite a hard time getting thru the drift ice and to the Cape. Saw one tupak on the hill, and four eskimos came out in kayaks, to us as we entered. "Myah" and "Kioto" came aboard and Mac talked with them and found that the boys he wanted were on an island about 20 miles south. We started down there but gave it up as the ice was too thick. Left Cape York for North Star Bay about two p.m. Judge Sprigg traded four plugs chewing tobacco to Myah for a nowhel turk. August 16-13 Saturday Erik arrived North Star Bay early in morning - about 2 oclock; Mac went ashore

and got Panikpa, his wife, Jimmy, & Buster Green and I helped them break camp and move aboard ship. Sprigg Patterson & Happy went with Panikpa in whaleboat to get Stookashu - had long row- and returned late for supper. "Buster" went Piblokt when whistle blew. Fog prevented our sailing. August 17th Sunday. Arrive Saunders Island, early morning Take Stookashu's dogs aboard and sail for Kongit- lukewak. See polar bear on beach en-route. Stop ship & all expedition members, Sprigg, Patterson and "Happy" Brooke, go over in whale-boat after him. Landed, surrounded, and Sprigg shot him just as he took to water. Brought him aboard. Panikpa skinned him. Weighed about 600 lbs. Enter Duglefield Gulf. pretty scenery. Pass Redcliff - Beary's old place - shortly afterwards see 3 walrus on pan of ice: went after them in whaleboat Sprigg got one, wounded other two. August 18th - Monday Zeldotahony Arrived Kongitlukewak about 12-30 A.M. Hoisted out Mac's boat and Sprigg. got go with Murphy up bay after some eskimos. Lumbl with Spriggs Boat. Shoot at school of white whales, got returned about noon with the eskimeses. Loaded two families with dogs and belongings. Sailed for "Perky" twelve thirty p.m. Arrived Perky.

8 about 2 p.m. Mac negotiated with eskimos and as a result loaded two families aboard. Sailed for Etok 4 p.m. Met whale-boat full of eskimos from Etok. Took them in tow. We are towing Mac's power-boat and punt astern. making good time, open water. August 19th Tuesday. Green, Small, & Hunt in power-boat got a walrus this a.m. Ship start for Flagler Bay about 9.00 A.M. After running about an hour meet solid ice pack coming down from Kane Basin, and had to turn back to Etok. In afternoon bunch of us went rabbit-hunting and got 16. August 20th Wednesday. Green and Small in power boat got two walrus and a baby walrus this a.m. In afternoon bunch visited Brother Johns Glacier. August 21st Thursday First Snow last night. This morning Hunt, Green, Small, Ekblaw, Jan- uary, Murphy- second mate, and I climbed over to Cape Oklen to look at the ice conditions around Cape Sabine. Green and Ch made sketches of ice and leads. We reached ship at two p.m. Got fresh water from stream mer ship & sailed from Etok at 3.45 p.m. Ran along edge of ice pack till 7 p.m.

August 22 - Friday Battled with ice in Smith Sound all day, but could not get thru. There are leads run- ning nearly up to Cape Sabine but Capt Keeho does not seem willing to risk entering them. August 23 - Saturday. It was snowing this morning and a strong northerly wind was blowing. The Erik ran for Etah harbor and arrived about 11 a.m. The boys went rabbit hunting and bagged 18, and after supper we went out in the whaleboat and got a walrus cow and two calves. Jot Small & Sprigg got a seal. August 24 - Sunday, we landed all the dogs this morn- ing on an island in Etah harbor. Got moving pictures of the landing. In afternoon Mac and a bunch of us went out in the power- boat to look for a possible home site. Found likely place on a peninsula three or four miles north of Etah. Got a fine cow walrus and a calf. Mac and Hunt went up on Cape Ohlsen at night to have a last look at the ice. August 25 - Monday: Loaded the dogs aboard again this morning and afternoon went out for last try to get ship thru the ice. Unsuccessful. Returned

10 Sat Aug 30-13. The ship left us this afternoon. We began work on the house site immediately after her leaving and dug hell about 10:30 when we ate supper which Mac had prepared for us in the cook tent, and all went to bed. I think every one of us slept more soundly than we had for months, sleeping in the open air practically, and dead tired too. Aug 31 Sun Sept 1-13. Mac called us this morning at six o'clock, and brought us all to with the information that the motor- boat had sunk in the night. Low ide had grounded and swamped it. Green & I got rowed out to it later in the day and bailed it out enough so that at next high tide it flooded. It is a perfectly beautiful day. I worked for a while today in a light undershirt and was perfectly comfortable. We worked hard and long today - Mac does the cooking in the cook tent and the rest of us and some of the eskimo's pick

and shovel. Mon Sept 1. 13. Today we finished the foundation work and began laying the floor timbers. After work at ten p.m. I went up to the top of the big hill Southeast of the camp and looked over the country to see what the prospects for an aerial were, - and found that prospects were very poor. There are no steep hills around, and the hill on which I was standing was too far away to be of any service even if it had been steep enough. Hal shot a rabbit and we had rabbit-stew for dinner today. We're hungry mortals these days and eat heartily. Tue Sept 2-13. The floor is laid and walls are nearing completion. I went to the point today with some Eskimoes and brought over a load of electrical machinery, some of which needed to be put in the house before the walls were

12 finished. We work till 10-30 or 11:00 at night.. Wed Sept 3-13 Hal went up in the hills today and got three rabbits. We have the outer walls on the house and the frame up for the roof. Thu Sept 4-13, A beautiful day! Got took advantage of it by rowing out to the motor boat and doctoring up the engine and draining it, and finally starting it. Mac seemed to have been relieved of a big load when he saw the smoke of the exhaust from the engine and realized it was running again. We boarded the roof and quit work at eight p.m. They say we "went some" on the roofing. Fri Sept 5-13. Another beautiful day! Mac calls all hands every morning at six o'clock. He is mentally the most responsive; and I fear I am the least, because

the bunk feels most delightfully good in the morning about that time. we're putting the rubberoid roofing on today. There is quite a pitch to the roof and mal slipped off it today and seriously sprained his ankle. Hal and I were over at Provision Point at the time and been signalled to me with wig-wag to bring over a crutch. Sat Sept 6-13. Still another beautiful day; each morning we exclaim about the beauty of the day and think we've never seen its equal, and each day seems prettier than the one before. Tank and I are working in the main room putting on the ceiling. We quit at 7:30 p.m. because it was too dark inside the house to see the pencil marks on the boards were fitting. Towards the end of the day Mal amused the Eskimos by singing their songs, - and Vita

14 soon developed "publoks" and was imitating various animals. When last I saw him he was up in the valley on his hands and knees barking like a walrus, - with Abpehl, and another man trying to quiet him. Sun Sept 7-13 Sheathing the main room, putting in windows and floors. I am wearing the green cowhide boots which I bought in St Johns and they freeze stiff as boards every night, and have to be thawed over the oil stove before I can get them on. Mon Sept 8-13 Today Tank & I have been putting on the rubberoid and second ceiling in the main room; and I dug a ditch from the house to the beach in which to lay the ground wire for the wireless. The sun melted the snow today. Mac's ankle is better, he is not using the crutches.

Tue Sept 9-13 Today we finished the main room, set up the stove, lighted the fire and started cooking in the new house. It seems very good to have the fire going in the big room. I laid the second floors in the two northwest rooms; and brought over a boat-load of electrical goods from the point. This morning before any of us were awake Alakashinguah came to Mac's tent and woke him with the startling news that the motor- boat was not in sight, - had prob- ablely drifted to sea. Mac called Jot and Green and told them to go around the shore and see if they could see anything of it; and happily they soon came back with the news that they had found it. A big berg had drifted in and carried the boat in front of it right close to the beach. Wed. Sept 10-13. Our first breakfast in the new home! It sure tasted good. I finished the floors and partitions

16 in the rooms, and in the afternoon Green and I began work on the electrical room. After dinner we all made a trip to the point for stores. Thursday Sept 11-13 Green has been doing carpenter work on the electrical room today while I, with the Eskimoess brought over the engine and nearly all the electrical equipment in two big boat loads. The Eskimoess are splendid workers. Fri Sept 12-13 Green I doing carpenter work in the electrical room. I built my bunk in Hali's and my room and moved from the tent to our new room. Sat left 13-13 I made two trips to the point today, bringing over household goods. Little patches of young ice here and there between our house and the point remind us that soon we will be able to walk the distance which we now cover in the whale boat, and this is a pleasant thought; it will be much nicer to sledge

the goods over. Sun Sept 14.13

Sat Nov-15-13. Ran the engine today for the regular weekly battery charge. Started at eleven a.m. and shut down at ten p.m. Used eleven gallons of kerosene and one gallon gasoline. The pipes being well drained, thawing was not difficult this morning. The engine is running perfectly, and at a fraction more than normal load. Shifting over to kerosene from gasoline usually requires an hour or more, and lots of patience, but once shifted the running is splendid—factory tests could want no more perfect results. There was two inches of ice on the top of the engine cooling tank this morning & the radiator outside is frozen so hard that it seems useless and not worth while to attempt to thaw it; the 300 gallons of water in the tank had a temperature of about 165°F after 11 hours running. The house has been quite hot since noon—when the heat from the engine had circulated. The batteries are making a good showing for the adverse temp-erature conditions under which they have to operate. The temperature in the battery locker at the beginning of charge was +25°F. The first few hours of the charge

seem to be used in raising the temp- perature of the batteries to normal, 70° F., without imparting any energy which may be reconverted into electrical energy. Green and I split the watches in the electrical room when the generator is running. Ito Kashu, Ahpebla, and Jimmy built an entrance of dog-biscuit boxes for our front door today. The roof was made of an old tar-fauilin. This should aid a great deal in keeping out the cold,- and incidentally in sheltering the canine population of Etah. Sun Nov 16-13 A quiet day in camp. We sang a few hymns and songs in the morning, and read in the afternoon and evening. Sity, Tank & Elk walked over to Suintag's grave just before dinner. They found that the wind was quite high out on the ice altho it had seemed calm at camp. Mac is getting ready to leave early in the morning for Nerke with Patricia & Peowahlo.

52 Mon Nov 17-13. I had the watch from four a m on this morning and I had the pleasure of cooking breakfast for Mac and the Eskimos with whom he was going. They left camp at about six thirty, Mac riding with Panicpa - with whose team this was united, making fourteen dogs in all pulling Panicpa's komatik. Peowats had about ten dogs. Neither komatik was heavily loaded and they should make good time today. The weather looked rather threatening - the temperature had risen from -16 to -3 between three and seven a m, and it had snowed a little, but the barometer was steady and indications were that the storm, if any, would not break today. We amused ourselves today by showing the Eskimos an electro magnet and an arc light, and a small motor. They were all "igniting" to them, but yet they were not so surprised as I had expected they would be. Ok. Frank, I sorted out the flour and dehydrated food today and, after checking, found that there were

forty three cases of flour left, in- cluding the "Brands". I made some more tin pots of oil-cans and soldered some cans for Doc who is going with the Eskimos tomorrow. Reckon I'll be a real tin-man when I have finished my course. Green cut a bench-mark for his tidal ob- servations in a big rock several hundred feet north of the house. He did this at about 1-30 p.m and the lantern which he used shone out as brightly as any lantern ever seen on a dark night at home. Tue Nov 18 - 13. Doctor Hunt arose this morning at five, and dressed in bearskin trousers and a sheep-skin kuliah and bustled around with Ahpilah and Stoskashoo getting ready to go on a long hunt. I got breakfast for them and they left about 6-30 going South. Ohwaa- Phiqwa and Jontid also left today.- I don't know where they went. The new watches were begun last night, Green taking the 10 p.m.

54 to 2:30 A.M., and I the 2:30 G- to 7 O'C. I attempted to sleep after 7 O'C but did not succeed. I began assembling the sixth Mac- Millan sledge at 2:50 p.m. Green and Tank walked up to the thermo- graph to change the record; and coming back Green put his foot thru the thin ice near the shore and nearly went down. His foot was rather cold when he reached the house, but not seriously so. The temperature was about -12 Eh and I are studying Rhetoric and German together and making good progress, - or rather, I should say he is teaching me German and reviewing Rhetoric. Wed Nov 19: I worked on my komatik during the day. Green has been adjusting the tide-gauge; a dog bit him on the elbow in the tiddle igloo tonight; - with no provocation.

Thu Nov 20 -13. I had the morning watch this morning, and slept during the forenoon, walked a while on my komatik in the afternoon. Fitz is sleeping in the shelter he built for the magnetic instruments in his sheepskin trousers, kuleteh, and kamikks. Fri Nov 21-13, Hal and Alpheila returned about two o'clock this afternoon. Alpheila had killed two seals. Stookashos did not come, he stayed at the hunting ground hoping to get something. The doctor seems to have enjoyed the trip and to have been comfortable except perhaps in his feet - which were cold part of the time. Ek and I worked on the komatik; it is nearly finished. Sat Nov 22-13 Charged batteries today. Started engine at 10 a.m., ran till 7:30 p.m. The plant carried a greater overload this run than it ever has, - running for

56 some time with 11 ops overload. This result on kerosene is greater than has been obtained at the factory. Mac, Danicfa, and Peswahts arrived at camp at 3:50 p.m. Mac brought two new dogs back with him, and says the Eskimo sledges suffered many break-downs, the runners splitting easily. Sun Nov 23-13. Very quiet today. All hands rested and retired early in the evening. Mac got Danicfa, Jimmy, & Peswahts to build a snow igloo outside for him to sleep in... Mon Nov 24-13 I arose early this morning and worked with Ek, (who had the morning watch) on my sledge. I finished it about 9:30 and named it "Victoria" for my wife. This is the sixth and last of the MacMillan sledges to be built. As soon as I had moved out of the workshop with my sledge Peswahts brought in his, - which he had nearly wrecked on the trip to Niche. Ek has named his sledge the "Vega". Mac's pet dog a white bitch, added six

purps to the canine population this morning. Doc and I moved all our belong- ings out of our bed-room today and brought in oil stoves and thawed the ice which had accumulated on the ceiling. For a while there was quite a rain-storm. Tue Nov-25-13. I moved back into our room today, which had thawed and dried nicely. Two Komatiks arrived in the afternoon from Nerke: Akomadagwah and Dnaloc, Shrights and Tookee, and a little boy Oslee. They had sledged up to see the “kabanacks” at Etah, and to bring the news of the death of Ahtetah’s mother. Wed Nov 26-13 This morning after breakfast we went to the point and sorted out from the cases of oil some one gallon can cases to take on the Crocker Land trip. When we come back at about 11-30 a.m., there was light

58 enough to walk without a light, but when we went over at 9-45 it was too dark to walk with safety. Five more komatikz arrived today. Ten Eskimoses from Igloodahony came up to visit us and we now have quite a number of visitors. All the women are dressed in their "Sunday best",- new kamikoz and kapatahs. They have had an interesting day investigating all the mysteries of the place. Thur. Nov 27, '13 "Thanksgiving." With our big house- party the day has seemed a real holiday. Jottie cooked a very good dinner and all of us did justice to it. Judge Sprigg's champagne "just hit the spot" too. Even the Eskimoese knew that today was a feast- day, and the whole crowd was there waiting when we had finished. Two more tables of Eskimos were served. I think in all Jot must have served over 30 people at dinner. Mac took flashlights of the dinner on the table and us seated. During all the feasting the Victrola was kept busy, and the music helped to make everything more enjoyable. After the last table was cleared, games were played; principally card-games, and when

there were tired of, the eskimos started a "mumuckto" sing-fest. In the midst of this latter I went to sleep, - as I had the second night watch and needed sleep. Fri Nov 28-13. Two komatiks left today, - reducing the number of our visitors somewhat. It seems remarkable that these people would set out on a long trip over uncertain ground when there is no light. Sat. Nov 29-13. The rest of our visitors left today. They were gone when we got up for breakfast, and with the early start should reach Perke before late tonight. Stookashoo and Olnea started with the visitors but before they had gone far Stookashoo found that his kerosene can had a hole in it and all the oil was gone, wetting the rest of the food in the box; so he and Olnea returned to Etah. Nelika and Mubchang -wa went south with the visitors. I started the plant at ten a.m. and began charging the batteries. Refilled all the cells; and tightened crank pin bearings after we shut down in the

60 evening. This tightening of the crank- pin bearings is the first time a wrench has been applied to the engine since it was first assembled last fall. Sun Nov 30-13. The wind has been blowing some today and everyone has stuck quite loyally to the house. I have been getting the meteorological data every hour. Mon Dec 1-13. Stookashos and Olnea left for south today. I had the morning watch, and started them off early. Ek got up at 3-30 and came in and we studied german for a while. I tried to take a nap today in Ek's snow igloo; I was not cold out there but did not sleep very well. Mene Wallace,- the English-speaking Eskimo, and Dotah arrived today. Mene is an interesting character to us - he has talked a great deal and we have learned a great many new things about the Eskimos from him. He has mastered the Eskimo language and is now as

much of an Eskimo as any of them. He says he would like to get back to New York, but says also that his health was never good there and he doesn't want to stay there always. It seems very funny to me to suddenly have this man in appearance no different from the ordinary Eskimo suddenly come to me and talk to us in our own language and with us about our our land, - for Coney Island is as familiar to him as Utah x. Tue Dec 2-13 Have been outside nearly all day. Judy, Tank, and I went up over the hill back of Provision Point to read the minimum thermometer up there. It was rather dark for walking but we had no difficulty. Ashkalingual finished my deerskin suketch yesterday. I suppose it is warm, it looks and smells like it. Wed Dec 3-13 Today I wired a light out in front of the house and put a reflector

62 behind it so that it shone way out over the bay. This makes it light as a summer day in front of the house and is fine for loading kornetiks. The Eskimo kids seem to think it was put up especially for their benefit, and have been play- ing football on the ice in the light from it, and sliding on their small sleds down the bank ever since the light was turned on. I saw today that the ice at the ice foot had broken off the ground wires for the wireless, and this is another reason for our inability to hear anything over the wireless, altho even with the best of ground I could not hope to hear any long distance with the low aerial we have. Thu Dec 4-13 Today I began making some small oil stoves out of corned- beef-hash-cans. Fri Dec 5-13 Working on two oil stoves all day. Hal, Fity & Tank getting ready

for a sledging trip tomorrow. At two thirty ten Eskimos arrived on four komatikke from Kukan and Igloolahony. They had been so anxious to get up to see us that they did not waited for the moon but came in the dark. Sat Dec 6-13 This morning all hands turned out early to help make excitement for the departing Explorers. Jity & Ek have been "getting ready" since last Monday morning for this trip. They left about seven A.M. with Zita, Ahphela, Ahwagingwah, Sipon and Peswahis, with five komatikke loaded with erewene, dog and man pemmican, and biscuit, for Annaratok, - a distance of about thirty miles up the coast. The supplies will be cached there for use on the Crocker Land trip. Mene, Oolah, and the doctor also left camp this morning, this latter party gong south to Dominolee where Doc will visit several sick people. Panicpa and Ahtukungwah went south with them, Alto- gether eight komatikke left. I started the plant early in the morning, befor breakfast, and charged the batteries all day. The engine consumed 13 gallons of kerosene;

64 this large amount of oil required to run thru a charge is due to the decreasing efficiency of the batteries with decrease in temperature. The cells are supposed to have passed the lower limit of operat- ing temperature when they get below 45° F, but our cells are working right along at temperatures ranging from 60° F to 20° F, most of the time below freezing. The 30s gallons of cooling water in the big tank gets very hot in a long run of the engine and raises the temperature of the engine room and workshop sufficiently to melt the frost on the ceilings and the water runs down the walls and drips from the ceiling in dozens of places - but re-forming ice as soon as it strikes the floor. A long run always results in a severe headache for me, because the air in the room is so full of the fumes from the engine. Sun Dec 7-13. I had the 4 AM watch this morning and have the watch again till 1 AM tonight. Mac, Tank, and I are splitting the watches now while the other three boys are gone. I wrote a letter in the morning, and went for

A walk on the ice with Tank. I wore my deerskin mukluk, sheepskin trousers and Eskimo kamikks and was neither 'too warm nor too cold but just right. We walked about two miles straight out from the house, the electric light gleamed brightly from that distance, like the street lights of a distant city. Mon Dec 8-13. Green and Ek with their divisions arrived home about 12.30 p.m. They report having had a very successful trip, - smooth ice all the way from here to Annaratak, and smooth ice out across the sound for a long distance -- where they saw numerous bear tracks. The surprising thing we learned from their trip was the great difference in temperature between Etah and the coast farther north. There seems to be about 20 degrees lower temperature there than here; the boys had it 39 below and said they felt it was much colder than usual. We drew lots for the night watches and I don't have one till Wednesday morning. Finished the small oil stove today, there is a reduction in weight of 1.2 pounds.

66 Tue Dec 9-13. Rather quiet in camp today. Mac brought over some stray dog-biscuit boxes from along the shore. Jack and Ek went up the hill to read the thermometer, - finding the minimum for the past week to be 25 below zero. Peswakt brought in his kumak to repair it, - he had broken a cross-pier on the rough ice in the sound. I went to bed early. Jack has his whiskers trimmed like a butter now. Friday Dec 26th 1913. I have been sick since the tenth. Something happened to my kidneys and Doc was away visiting and neither I nor anyone here knew what was wrong or what should be done. Doc finally arrived, after having travelled all day and all night, and he soon had me on the road to recovery. While I was sick several interesting things happened. Green and Ek with a party of five Eskimo's went across Smith Sound and placed a large cache on the north point of Cape Rutherford. They had quite a successful, though rough trip, and had the good fortune to get five bears, - two big and three little ones. Both Green and Ek are anxious to make another trip. They

67 had a minimum temperature of fifty below zero - while our minimum at lab was 19 below. Tank and Joe made a trip to Nake, Gloordahony and Sied wed by, and got back just in time for the big Xmas dinner. He cooked the dinner, - Pres Osbornie present, and it sure was good. After dinner Mac distributed presents to the Eskimos and Xmas spirit was in the air. The distribution of presents lasted till midnight - we had singing and violola music during the entire evening. He had arranged some appropriate records in a concert. All the Eskimos seemed to enjoy Xmas immensely - especially the children. The dolls were an innovation, - both the big and little girls made much of them. Today Jotha and Ahpadingual left for their homes to stay till next moon,- and Panicpa and Ahukounquwah returned. Arkles is building his Peary sledge. Sat Dec 27th - 13. I got up early this morning and started the engine, and charged the

68 batteries, The engine ran splendidly until the latter part of the charge, carrying fifteen per cent overload for a while. Did not finish the charge because the engine began missing badly and I had to shut down. Three Esquimaux arrived today, Essayos, Kudlukts, and Touchingwa - with their kooners, Annahwee (Mrs Essayos) and Evalos (Mrs Touchningwa). Kudlukts came to take Elk down below Cape York to see a meteorite which he has found. Essayos is suffering from some peculiar infection and came to see the doctor. It is interesting to note that this affliction is the result of disease contracted from the crew of a whaling ship, before the Peary ship Roosevelt came up. After dinner Doc operated on him, giving him ether. A number of the Eskimo men were allowed to remain in the room and see the operation, and they were duly impressed with the sleep-producing ether. Sun Dec 28th '13. Mac and Marc have been cleaning up the work-shop today, and Mac succeeded in running five or six miles in his foot loo-

69 Chingwah began work on his sledge when they had finished. Got is to have charge of the workshop - and help in the work; and Doc has volunteered to wash dishes to help in the work. Tank and Sren went for a walk up towards Sunrise Point, and saw that the ice north of there was all gone, the wind had broken it up, and the sea was dashing up on the ice foot in great shape. I repaired the engine and ran for about an hour today. Will run again tomorrow. Essayo seems much better today. Mon. Dec 29th '13. I ran the engine today for several hours and got the batteries up into good condition again. It was so windy this morning that Ek and Kudlukits did not start on their trip. I had the morning watch and had quite a time with the dogs who were trying to eat the skin lashings on the kamatiks; which the wind had blown down from the boxes on which they had been placed. Doc stayed up till nearly five a.m., and got me started on cheese. Everybody else is playing it, I think I shall have to get in the game too.

70 Tue Dec 30-13. All hands were called at 5:30 this morning, because several of the Eskimos and Ek were planning to leave on their kumatikis, and we were to help get them off early. After breakfast, - which was at six o'clock; however, - the eskimoes decided that they wouldn't go; it was too dark to travel. Green went to bed after breakfast, and Doc also turned in after he had washed the dishes. Tank, - who did not get up for breakfast, slept till two p.m. Mar calls them the "midnight club" I ran the engine for one hour to boost the batteries. I am trying the scheme of running for an hour every day in order to keep the batteries boosted and the water in the circulating system from freezing. The rest of the day I have been sewing, - getting grass and Yukletah bags ready, and mending my clothes. It is very dark outside today. I went out on the ice for a short distance and was afraid to go farther in the dark. After dinner Doc performed another operation; Ahtukumquwa, Panicipa Koener, has been having trouble with her big toe for a number of years, and tonight

Doc amputated it. The operation was performed on the dining table, and ether was given by the doctor and men. Some of the eskimos wanted to see the operation, but the maj- ority of them were glad to leave the room when the cutting began. Wed Dec 31 13. It remains surprisingly warm. The average temperature for the past week has been only about 12 below. I, and no doubt all the rest of us too, expected to be having 50 and 60 below at this time of the year. There has been practica- ly no snow, at least so little that it seems there has been none. Ch and the rest of the travellers started this morning again, but were back in a few hours, having found it too dark. We had a dandy dinner of "Inuit" steak. I ran the engine for two hours. The scheme seems to be working nicely. About 11 p.m. we had a New Year's Eve celebration... Mac had a bunch of firecrackers and distributed them among the eskimos, mostly the children, - and the air was soon filled with smoke, noise and fun. They

72 thought it great fun, and the children played practical jokes on one another with the smaller firecrackers. Tank topped the celebration by treating to fruit-cake and chocolate - which was unanimously voted the most delicious treat we had had in a long time. The boys were up till 3 o'clock A.M. I had the watch and_ was up the rest of the night. Thursday, January first, 1914. Everybody was sleepy this morning. Green and Tank did not get up until two or three p.m., and Doc and I turned in at ten thirty a.m. and slept until nearly four p.m. This was unusual for me, I seldom am able to sleep in the daytime. Mac and Er never do,-but the rest of the boys do not appear to have any difficulty. Yet I also felt sleepy, and had a headache, and so we got the New Year's dinner, which was a dandy good one with carbon roast, mock turtle soup, diced potatoes, green peas, cranberry sauce, mint sauce, plum pudding, fruits, nuts, champagne, grape-juice, and lots of similar delicacies. Tank put us all to shame by appearing in a spick and span civilian suit with white shirt and collar, with his side whiskers he resembled nothing so much as an English tourist; his attire certainly seemed strange and out of place. After dinner we had many games with the eskimoer. They seem to like the games we have

introduced very much; and played till midnight. I ran the engine for an hour in the evening. We have an average of 8 to 10 electric lights burning all the time except for a few hours at night, and this is quite a drain on the storage cells; which are operating under a great handicap in the low temperature. By running the engine for a short while every day we keep them in fair condition, and the run has the added great advantage of keeping the water in the big 200 gal- lon tank from freezing, and this water would, in case of fire prove a life-saver, as there is no possibility of getting water from the ice'd way, and had we no available supply for a possible fire the house and all our goods would have little chance. Friday Jan 2-14. The moon came back to us today, and at three p.m. I noticed that there was a faint twilight-like glow in the southwest and as it was a clear day the light was not bad for walking. I ran the engine for two hours today. Green is working on the foundation for the seis- mograph, and I wired the room under the

house for a light and the clock connection. Doc, Ek and Green have been testing their stoves. The blue flame hummers today. Up to date there are 27 electric lights connected on our circuit. Saturday Jan. 3rd-14. Ek and Hudlukets, Fouthingwal and Evalos, and Arkles and Ahlming- wah left this morning for the south. Mac and Peowaho started for Anmaratok but were back in a couple of hours because they found open water to the north. I ran the engine from eleven to four. Green and Tank took Mac's dog team and went to the point for a load of oil. It is rumored that they travelled five or six miles getting there. Creayoo and Ahmauwel are staying with us for a while in order that Ahmauwel may help with the sewing at which art she is very proficient. Mac has cut his komatik boxes so that they fit down in between the sides with an upper overlapping edge of three or four inches on each side, which results

in a snug fit with no danger of the boxes slipping off. The white bitch is raising a healthy looking setette of pups which will fair to be splendid sledge dogs. They are quartered in the shed outside the workshop. Sunday Jan 14th '14. I had the morning watch today, and played a game of chess with Hal, who did not turn in till 4:30 A.M. Mac was up from midnight to 4:30 too working. He left after breakfast with Peowahs for the settlements south. Monday Jan 5-14. After breakfast this morning Jack, Aren and I turned to on the deserted igloo in our shed. They had become too wet for the eskimoee to live in, and we are goning to take out the linings and melt the ice from the roof by putting two big oil stoves in the igloos, and eventually dry them thorougly; after which we will put in the linings again, cover the roof with snow and use these igloos.

76 to house the visiting eskimoos. I ran the engine two hours today, and am gradually getting the batteries up into good condition. Doc slept from breakfast till dinner. He had stayed up all night. Tue Jan 6th '14 Last night we dried the linings of the eskimo's igloos, and kept a big oil stove burning in the igloo; but it only resulted in the melting of a small round spot on the ceiling just above the stove. I ran the engine from 11.30 am to 1.00 pm with a light load, to doctor the batteries for sulphation. At light load the engine does not run well on kerosene and a great deal of unburned gas leaked from it and filled the house, giving everybody a headache, and making Doc very sick. Tank stayed on watch all night. The eskimoos are moved into their new igloo under the house and seem to like it fine. Ahpehla and family are living in a big snow iglooyah down on the ice foot. Wed Jan 7 '14 Tank and Doc slept all day. Tank

getting up at dinner time and I go at five. At five thirty Green and Tank went out for a long walk in the pretty moonlight and clear cold air. It has been down to thirty one below today - our coldest yet. I ground the exhaust valves on the engine and ran for one hour. The batteries are getting better all the time under the treatment they now receive. Sat Jan 17-14. I have got behind in my diary again and don't remember, day for day, just what has happened during the past week, but there has been nothing startling. I have been working on the battery locker and engine, and succeeded in construct- ing a locker for the battery which will allow them to operate at a normal temp- erature, about 70°F, by having an open- ing into the kitchen. Heretofore they have had to operate at a temperature very near zero, and at such a low temperature they are very inefficient. The gas from the engine got so bad that it became necessary to quit attempting to run on kerosene.

78 and I took the producer and fittings off. By running on gasoline the case of the trouble is eliminated. In its original construction the engine was so designed that the inevitable leakage of gases past the piston rings into the base of the engine was ren- dered inoffensive by the carburetor taking its supply of air from the engine base, which also resulted in relieving the pressure within the base so that the oil would not leak out at the various cracks. But, by fitting the engine with the kerosene gas producer, and attempting to burn kerosene, the carburetor action is changed and the permanent air is taken in through the producer in- stead of from the base, and consequently the leaking gases permeate the room and house and make everybody sick. Perhaps we would not notice it if the rooms were not so airtight. As to running on gasoline we have such a short while longer to run that we can well afford to use gasoline, I believe. Ophelquah and Posidloona have been building their kormatiks this week. Mas, Mene, and Pesswable left Wednesday

night for the south, I dont know where. Paniepa returned from Saalkwahtee and brought the news that the ice had gone out down there while they were hunting walrus, and had taken two captured walrus, - and almost some of the men with it. Thursday and Friday I got out for long walks and sure enjoyed getting out again. Sun Jan 18. 14. I played the Victrola for several hours this morning, with all hands listening to the concert. Green, Doc, and I went for a walk up the fiord. The wind was blowing down from the glacier quite hard and made walking up the fiord difficult, - but coming back we were fairly carried along. About two thirty p.m. Mac and Mere arrived from Nerke. They had had a windy trip. We had a big dinner of caribou steaks, vegetables and mince pies. Monday Jan 19. 14 Today Mac sent Paniepa, Metak, Ahpehla and Joita with sledge loads

80 of biscuit and pemmican up to Little- ton Island. This will be stored there until the party starts, and a possible delay due to the ice between here and Littleton Island being gone will be avoided. I ran the engine three hours today. The plant is in fine shape now. Tue Jan 20-14. 29-32 It is cold and windy today. Zank and Green and I went for a walk up the fiord. We had all that we could do to walk, the wind must have been blowing 65 miles an hour, and the temperature was 33 below. The excellency of our clothing was made apparent to us on this walk, for even in the severe wind we were perspiring, and developed a big appetite for the "shwuk" stew which Doc, who is officiating as cook while Gat makes komatik bags, had cooked for dinner. Wed Jan 21-14. 32-34.5 I ran the engine four hours today. with so many women sewing in the various rooms and as much

work going on we are using a great deal of light. The batteries show a markedly greater efficiency now that they are in a warm locker. About 3 p.m. four komeleki arrived and there was great ex- itement for a while. The arrivals were Ek Kndlukts and sooner and baby, Oblanya, Itookashu and busted Klayzhu and mother, and Hendrick Ohlsen - an educated south Greenland eskimo who is in the employ of Rasmussen. Ek says Rasmussen treated him with splendid hospitality, and went with him to get a piece of the meteorite below Cape York. Ohlsen was educated in Denmark and speaks no English, so Ek is the only one of us who can talk with him, except in our broken eskimo. Some of our men took more provisions for the Crocker Land trip up to Littleton Island today, and brought back a few loads of oil from the point.

82 Thu. Jan 22 -14. I've been unusually lazy today. Turned in about one p.m., was called for dinner at four but remembered that "posje" (seal) was the main constituent of the meal, and being rather deeply entangled in the web of Morpheus anyhow, did not get up. When next I awoke it was one a.m. Friday. During my map travellers, - Mukapinguah, Sipru, and Kipsangwah, the man whose fingers Doc amputated recently, arrived. Sipru and Mukapinguah came up to be here early in the game of starting for Crocker Land. They have been walrus-hunting down at Soolkwatee. Mukapinguah has killed; Sipru has not had any success as yet. Fri. Jan 23-14. I wrote letters from one a.m. to Ten a.m. as Hendrick Ohlsen planned to leave today to carry the mail south. It was rather windy and dark, however, so he postponed his de-parture. Today I ran the plant for several hours and again a number of people were made sick by the gas! I

must acknowledge that I was sur- prised and disappointed, for this is the first trouble we've had with gas since the kerosene atomizer was taken off. It now is very evident that the reason we get headaches is because there is a gas-engine, (the same would hold true of any gas-engine) running in a tightly closed house, and there is nothing wrong with the engine,- altho there was a defect in it during the time it was run on kerosene. Later in the day Doc and I went for a walk up the fjord, and came back and all hands had a "ring- feet." Sat Jan 24-14. Up at five this morning and found Mac up working. He had been up all night. Called Doc at six to have breakfast by eight. Ohlsen left with our mail this morning for the south. He also carried some oil and biscuit down to Rasmussen at Dominboell.

84 Gigloo, Oblanys, and Panickpah left at the same time, the two former for their homes, and Panickpah for Saolkwahtee to hunt walrus. Sun Jan 25-14. It had the intention of Doc, Jank, and Green to leave quite early this morning, Green with Sipus for Saolkwahtee; - and Doc & Jank for a trip to Annaratok; - but then some misunderstanding the watch was not informed and we did not have breakfast until the usual hour, - 900 A.M., - and the sledges did not get away until about eleven, - which said delay caused several to get rather ex- cited and there was some busting for a while. With Doc and Jank went Kudluks, - driving Mac's fine dog team, Thukapingwah, and Kuddlah, and Ahfelah. The party carried up milk and gemmican and biscuit for use on the Crocker Land work, and are to stay and hunt bears if any tracks are seen. Green, having his clothing outfit practi- cally all ready for the big trip, wanted to get out in the field, so Mac sent him down with Sipus to hunt walrus. Mon Jan 26, 14. Doc and Jank came back

from Annaratak today. They had Delivered their stores, and found no bear tracks, so they did not stay up there. I ran the engine today, and there was not the least bit of gas. Tue Jan 27-14. My cold is causing me some dis- comfort; it seems different from any cold I ever had before. The eskimos are quite sick and have bad spells of vomiting. Jack and I counted the condensed milk Today, and found that after the Cookerland trip milk has been taken out there are left 66 cases of milk; - with a few cases of evaporated milk. Wed Jan 28-14. After breakfast Mac sent Ek and me up the coast with Kudiukto and Nukapinguash to open the pemmican boxes and bring back the empty boxes. We had a grand ride- the sledges were empty, and the going good. The sea had broken up this north of Sunrise Point and we had to

86 follow the ice foot, which was quite narrow in places. I drove Nuk- apingugh's team back. Green, Pancka, Joita, and Metak arrived at six p m from the walrus hunting grounds. Green had killed two walrus, Metak one, and Joita one. Thurs Jan 29, 14. I ran the engine today for five hours. There was no gas. Mere, Sattos and his kooneer Teddylinguah and kopner arrived about 4 p m. Mac had been out walking and met them and roto with them from the Glacier. Fri January 30-14. January and I went up to the cache by Little- ton Island today and opened up 49 boxes of pemican, bringing back 32 of the empty boxes. The wind was quite strong and we had a cooler trip than we did the other day. Ohpelah and Metak drove for us. When we started from the house Mac was just starting out with his

team for a little exercise for them. Ashpalah and Mltak both tried to catch him, but altho they wielded the whip vigorously Mac soon got so far ahead of us that he was lost to view in the rough ice around Dog-Biscuit Point. He sure has a splendid team. Sat Jan 31-14. After breakfast this morning we cleared the main room and improvised in it an operating room. Nevetanguah, Kanga's koonee was the proposed victim of Doc's relentless knife, - but Doc soon made the unhappy discovery that she was suffering from cancer, for which he was powerless to help her. It was the intention for me to go to Annaratak in charge of eight men carrying loads of provisions, but on account of the wind the trip was postponed. Sun Feb first, 14. Charged the storage battery today, running eight hours at light load. Mac called us all in his

room after dinner and we had a talk on plans for the field etc. and a new system of watches was instituted whereby the men who are to leave soon on the Crockerland trip are given practically all night in which to sleep, and Mac urged them to get out more and take long walks in the daytime. Mon Feb 2-14. After breakfast today, and after doing a few odd jobs about the house, I went for a walk with Doc. Doc has begun training for his mind and I had to "go some" to keep up. The eskimoas came back from Annaratok, and Mene says that it was the coldest they had ever known it to be at Annaratok. Mene shot a rabbit on th hill back of the house today. Tue Feb 3-14. Mene built a snow igloo down on the bank today so that we will have a little more room to house

the big number of people that will be up soon from the south. Tank and I gathered up a bunch of sledge material which had become scattered and which was in danger of being blown away. Dinner Tonight was unusually good - with roast bear as the main dish and a nice big fruit cake which was supposed to [illegible] for Tank's next Xmas as dessert. Wed Feb 4-14. Ran the plant for six hours today. Stookashoo, Arkles & Ahlingwah, Essayos & Annahwee, Touchingwah & Evaloo, [illegible] & Ahpadingwah arrived Today. Our gang is coming. Our ten pm social talk was held in Doc's & my room Tonight, with hot chocolate and raspberry jam to help make the occasion delightful. EK gave a very interesting lecture on the geology of the land to be gone over, and instructions as to geological work...

90 Thurs Feb 5-14 When I got up at 1 am to go on watch today I found a big seal on the dining table. A surprising thing to see when get half asleep, but it is also a good thing because it means good fresh meat. At two thirty p.m. Sipan, Cqingwah and Inaahs, Posidloonah and his son arklu, Ahpelingwah, and Ahwetingwah arrived: "Hotel Iqloowahmel" is becoming popular. Teddylingwah, Koolatina & Klem and their little girl came later. Friday Feb 6-14. On my watch this morning (12 to 4 a m), there was an explosion in the igloo next door. Touchingwah attempted to fill an oil stove with gasoline and was badly burned in the face as a result of the explosion which followed. Doc went over and treated him. Ootah came this morning. He was the only arrival today. I ran the engine from noon to five p.m. Walked over to the point and dumped a case of lubricating oil back.

91 Sat Feb 7-14. Green and Ahpelah left with their divisions this morning, - the first seven sledges on the way to Cape Thomas Hubbard. The day was clear and there was practically no wind, a fine day for a start. They left here with empty sledges and will load up at Rahmowintz and at the Littleton Island cache. I have been working all day on a sounding machine for use on the Komatike. Egingwah has developed a case of mumps; and Panicpa believes he will not be able to travel. Mudlukets too is sick - seems to have the grip. Sun Feb 8-14. Today I have been at work on the sounding wire, getting the tangles out of it and getting it wound on the sounding reel. This was no small task as there is about two miles of the wire and it was in a badly tangled coil. Several of the

children helped by turning the reel crank, when finished the reel with the wire on weighed 30 pounds. Okomadingnah & Enaloo, Mekushu, Oblanyu's daughter, Koolatingnah & son; Ahweeayn, and Kangah came today - four komatiks. Tank got away this morning with his division komatiks. They had a splendid day, only 17 below and no wind Mon Feb. 9-14. Ek got away with his division this morning in a stiff easterly wind. He has not been out much since he has had the mumps and I dont envy him his sudden plunge into the long trip. I ran th engine a long while today and it was so warm in the house that we had to keep the front door open to keep cool. Rasmussen came very shortly after dinner and we all found him to be a very likeable man. We talked and played the Victrola until 1 AM.

Tue Feb 10-14. Doc left with his division this morning. Touchmignah's face was really not well enough for such exposure but he showed good grit and went. Quite a fresh wind was blowing from the east; the day was clear. I ran the engine all day at light load, am giving the battery the de-commissioning charge and must run several days in succession. Wed Feb 11-14. Breakfast at usual time this morning but those of us who were at the table were rather a sleepy crowd. Raemusser had sat up nearly all night with jot learning how to bake bread, and Mac and me had both been up late; and I had not slept well. There was so much wind that nobody attempted to leave today. It comes down in gusts off the hill and tries to carry boxes of food and all with it. I ran the engine for a few hours.

94 Kudlukt is not getting well very fast and it is certain that he cannot go on the trip with the rest. Wee Wee, the South Greenland woman is running the kitchen now under Jot's supervision and is doing ex- cellent work. She is very different from in temperament from these northern Eskimos. Thursday Feb 12-14. Breakfast at mine this morning, and immediately after it was over Mac, Mize, I, Prewalts began packing their sledges, and at noon started north. Rasmussen, Jot, and I were down on the ice to see them off. There was too much wind and broken ice for travel to the southward. Mac has a splendid Team of eleven dogs. I started the engine immediately after they left, to give the battery a final charge, but in about two hours they were back - having found the ice gone and water covering the ice-foot near Littleton Island, so I shut the plant down. We moved Eqingwah into my room, in Doc's bunk today so that I could doctor him and he would be better housed. He is very sick with the mumps. Kudlukt

has the Arctic La-grippe. The Victrola has been working overtime the last few days. Raemussen seems to enjoy it - and of course all of us here do. Friday Feb-13-14. mean temp. -23.08 A rather "conspicuous" date for Mac to start out, but for me the date signifies the best of luck, - On it last year - Friday June 13, 1913 - I married the "only girl". We had breakfast at 7 o'clock and everybody got started by nine. Mac, Mike T. Peewahs for Annaratok - and Crocker Land I hope; and Raemussen, "Ringasoot", Clingnah, Koolatinah and family, and Metak for the south. Panirpuk and Ah- tuksungwah also started south but came back in the afternoon. I noticed that he had three rabbits on his slemitch. Dawn was just breaking when the party left, the sledges were packed by electric light. I immediately started the engine for the final charge and ran until midnight. I advised and attempted keeping the doors open during the day to allow- the gas to escape, but got dreaded

the cold more and did not second my move. As a result he got very sick and had to call me about six A.M. to give him some morphine and take the watch. Innahs too had a severe headache which lasted two days. Both she and got had been indoors all day while the engine was running. One thing I think has been definitely proved and should be apparent without proof, i.e. it is impossible for a person to remain in this air-tight house continuously during a long run of the engine when the storage cells and gas-engine are both giving off gases which the average person can not breathe without experiencing ill effects. The case is very similar to the navy sub- marine boat plants where men so often are overcome by the gases from the bat- tery and engine which in the confined space they cannot help breathing. Jimmy and Sammy spent several hours making dog-harnesses for the team of "left-behinds" which they are to use in bringing ice, etc. Wee-Wee is cooking for everybody now, has full charge of the kitchen, and shows remarkable ability. She is, moreover, neat as a pin

in her work as well as personal attire, and the kitchen and Ek's room (which she is occupying) fairly shine in comparison to their usual appearance. I should like very much for some of the writers of the part who have so magnified the unclean- liness of the eskimoes to see this woman and her work, - and in fact our whole crowd of eskimoes. No one, I believe, could deny that some of these women are pretty, and just at present "Evaloo" with her new-red flannel shirt which she has just made, and which is very much like the smart, mannish shirts our girls at home sometimes wear, - is so attractive that it would not be going too far to say that she is really beautiful; and this is not a mere fancy of mine,- a fascination, - but the consensus of the opinions of several expedition mem- bers. Several others are "sporting" new-cotton or flannel shirts made from cloth Mac has given them for sewing, all wash daily and oil, without a doubt nearer than got or 2.

98 Sat Feb 14-14. mean temperature -25.6 Today Eqingwah is a little better and Kuddlhto seems much better. Got got up about three p.m. feeling fine. I turned in as soon as I had eaten dinner and wound the chronometers. Ruster is sleeping with Odie, wee wee's little boy in Ets room. Wee Wee has the lower bunk. Kuddlhto and Ahnadooah are in Mac's room; Evaloo, Lauma, and Ablahningwa are in the dark-room igloo; Panickpah, Ahtukrunqwah, Evolos (Taitas ksoner) and Ahteelah are in the igloo under the house; and Ahkatingwah with her children are occupying Sifon's old igloo. Onwaho is sleeping in Karenis bunk and Eqingwah in Doc's. Sammy and Jimmy are for the time being sleeping wherever they happen to be when they get sleepy. Ahpuda shoho and family are eating with us. Sun Feb 15-14. mean temp. -23.8 I got up at breakfast time this morning and got turned in at noon. Kuddlhto is much better, was up for breakfast. I advised him to stay in bed for a couple of days. Eqingwah too is better, has no fever. Jimmy & Sammy drove off with their

komatic for rabbits, and Odie went out with his gun for a while but got none. I have been writing up back diary and meteorological work. It is certainly a great loss not to have the electric lights, and one hard to get accustomed to. The contrast is so great that the women seems to have great trouble sewing, and reading is certainly very much more difficult. Mon. Feb 16-14. mean temp. -20.6 Ah-pud-a-sha bo with his wife and child left this morning. They wanted biscuit and sugar,-which IOT gave them. Kudukto is nearly well, has been up all day, and Egineukh is much better; he too was up for a while today. Panik- pah has the mumps and I have cau- tioned him against going out. Jimmy and Sammy brought over four cases of oil today. A little over five gallons a day is being used now, Tue Feb 17-14. mean temp. -21.7 Sanna had an attack of heart trouble last night and IOT gave her some

100 morphine to ease the pain. I don't know that this was a safe thing to do but I was too sleepy to fully grasp the sit- nation when jot woke me up to find out where the morphine was. He put her in his bunk and she was alright this morning. He cooked a nice invalid's breakfast for her and when he went to look for her found her eating raw- little arks in the igloo under- eath the house. Nudlukto and Sammy went out for rabbits today and Nudlukto got two. Ahtukungwah and Aqating- wah (Oblangy's wife) went up the fiord on a "grassing" trip. They pulled a komatik all the way. Evobos, Ahlningwah and Bukter have slept all day. They're more irregular in their hours than the doctor. Egingwah and Imaho are going home tomorrow. I asked them to stay over another day

so as to be sure he was well enough for the trip, - but Ducky told me that he was craving meat all the time, - and in the face of this I could say nothing. Wed Feb 18-14. Mean temp. -25.25 A strong northeast wind averag- ing about 30 miles an hour has been blowing all day and no one has attempted to travel. Kudlukto says he may go to Nerke tomorrow. All the women and babies are sporting their newly made red shirts and seem quite proud of them. Thursday Feb 19-14. Mean temperature, -25.6 Kudlukto and Egingwah went out for rabbits today but said when they came back that there was too much wind. The wind certainly does blow steadily here. I received the biggest surprise of my life today at five p.m. when Mac and Mene came up over the

bank with their komatiks. Mac told us that he had caught the rest of the crowd and found half of them sick and the dogs all played out. Mumps and vomiting had attacked the crowd and disheartened the eski- mooe. A fresh start was decided upon and so the well people of the crowd started back except Green and the doctor, who are at the camp in Ellesse- mere Land looking out for the sick ones. Mac, mine, Peewahito, Zita, and Stookarry Lattos arrived tonight. The rest of those who started back are at Annaratsk tonight. Green, Doc, and the rest will come home as soon as the men get well. I woke Joe and he cooked up a supper for the crowd and in the evening we heard from Mac the interesting particulars of the trip. We turned on the lights tonight, for since so many of us are to be here it is well worth while to put them in commission again. Friday Feb 20. Mean Temp,- Ek and one bunch came in at noon from Annaratsk. Jank and the rest came about

103 An hour later, several of the men were quite badly frosted, Janks more looked like it might have been scraping with a hot soldering iron. Ek's cheek and one hand was frosted and Ek said it was the coldest he had ever experienced. Solah looked in the best condition of any of the men. The dogs did not look very sick or exhausted. There was a great session of negotiating and pre- paring to go away on the part of some of the eskimos. Some are to be dispensed with and others will stay to go again later. I cooked dinner today, scrambled eggs and corn and think I showed up well as a cook, (but no one else said he thought so). Got got up right after dinner and made some bread. Ek and Jank turned in right after dinner. I've got 'em! Yes, - the mumps. I'm not the least surprised of course. Touchingwall & Evalds slept in Doc's bunk in my room tonight. I have been drying out my mildewed clothes and packing them away in dog-bite suit boxes. Saturday Feb 21-14, My mumps are occupying my time

104 now, my right cheek is swollen badly. Sunday: - my fever 103.5 today. No fun in mumps! Monday. My fever still high, both sides of my face swollen way up. I cant eat anything and I feel like - x! Green & Doc came into camp today with Lipan and Abplingnak. Tue 24th. The sun shone thru the front window today for the first time, and lighted the room so that for an hour we did not need a light. This is the first time we have seen the sun here at the house this year. Wed 25th. In bed all day. I'm sure having no light attack of mumps. Thursday Feb 26th. I have been up all day today. The mumps have about run their course. I can eat now but not without difficulty x Made some repairs on the engine preparatory to running to- morrow. Doc went for a walk back of the house and came back in several hours with the surprising news that he saw and and almost captured a deer. Perhaps we shall try to get it tomorrow. Light snow.

105 Fri. Feb 27-14. I ran the engine from 11 A.M. to 9 o'clock p.m. today, with the front door open so that gas might escape. Mac and Green cleaned out the shed in front and scraped a lot of frost off the ceiling. Mene and Ek went out for deer but did not see any. Mene brought back four rabbits. We put up the punching bag and all had a punch. Sat Feb 28-14. Mac walked to Littleton Island and back today. Doc started out before break- fast for an all day hunt for the deer he saw the other day. The snow was blowing in gusts all day and the men out in it had no good day. Jot and Mene started rabbit hunting but came back before they had gone far. Doc came in at 4 o'clock p.m. having seen no further trace of deer. I went on watch at noon to stay on till midnight + Mac is planning to send Green and Ek south tomorrow. Sun Mar 1-14. This has been the prettiest day this year. The sun shone for

106 several hours and as there was no wind it seemed very much like spring. Mac and Doc got the small boat on a kom- atik and took it to the edge of the ice, launched it, and went rowing around for sea pigeons. In a very little while they came back with 19, from which Mac get some very good specimens. CK and Green started south with Mene and Prewahto in the morning but were back for dinner because they struck open water near Cape Alexander. Monday Mar 2-14. After breakfast this morning I went with Doc to the ice edge to see if it would be worth while launching the boat for sea pigeons again:- decided it wouldn't, and I headed for the southern side of the fjord while doc took the northern side for rabbits. I saw a white wolf and chased it for several miles before I finally lost

it. Then I hunted for several hours but saw no rabbits. Doc came home with a black raven. Alphela saw walrus sleeping on an ice cake, drove to the house got his harpoon' and Mene and he started out for them but came back in a little while with the news that the ice was too dangerous to reach the walrus. We had sea-pigeons for dinner and they were very good. It has been very warm today. Doc made some "jack-wax" in the evening and while we were eating it and chocolate Kudiukts, Touchingival, Myah and his family came. They bring the bad news that our men have killed no walrus and the dogs are in poor shape. In Mar 3-14 Breakfast at 8:00 is now in regular order. It is getting so light that it seems like winter is over and so we get an earlier start in the daylight by having breakfast at 8:00. Got and Mene went out on a komatik this morning to see if there was a chance for walrus and if not they planned to go rabbiting. Mac

108 and Ek went to Brother John's Glacier to make some observations. Doc cooked breakfast and dinner. Tank is still laid up with a bad foot. Wed Mar 4-14. After breakfast this morning Ek, Tukapinguah and I went rabbit hunting up by Brother John's Glacier. A light snow was falling and there was no wind; an ideal day for rabbits. We separated, I going up on the south side of the glacier and they hunting up nearer the mouth of the fiord. I didn't see a rabbit; they saw scores of them and got five and one fox. I saw seven blue foxes and heard other barking. Doc walked up to Littleton Island and saw fresh wolf tracks; evidently that wolf is hanging around. Ahpehlah quit us today because of his dogs. I am sorry to see connections severed in this case. Mac brought the small boat to the house today on his komatik. I weighed 156.5 Thursday Mar 5-14. After breakfast I started the plait and ran till five p.m. By keeping open the front door the house was cleared of gas and no one felt any ill effects. Green, Kudehko and Mene dug a four

foot hole thru the ice in the bay just south of the old tidal igloo for the re- installation of the tide gauge. The ice was five feet thick. Doc went up the fiord for rabbits but did not see any. Early this morning Myah & his family and Kiddles and his family left for the south. The rabbit we had for dinner tasted much better than usual - perhaps because they were fresh killed. Doc saw the tracks of the wolf very near the house and we believe he is liable to get a dog. Today and yesterday were marked by an absence of wind, and indeed all of March thus far has been very quiet. Fri March 14. Mac and Doc walked to the ice edge this morning. Doc fished and Mac followed wolf tracks and found that the wolf has been living on an island at the entrance to the bay. I dug open the back door. Later Mac and I nailed up a flag pole and the colors were hoisted. Jot was sick today. The wolf was seen very near the house in the evening and Mere went out to chase it.

110 Sat Mar 7-14. Mac organized a hunting party to go after the wolf this morning. Green, jot, and I- tookashu went north towards Sunrise Point, and Mac, Ek, Peewahs and I went out to the islands where he has been eating. Mac and I went on the south sides of the islands and Ek and the eskimos men to cover the north sides. While Mac and I were beating the islands Ek saw the wolf which had come off the island and started north. It ran towards Sunrise Point and jot and the others there were waiting for a shot but it got their scent and turned and ran up the fjord towards the glacier. Ek and Peewahs both had two long distance shots at it but the hunt was given up on account of the high north wind which sprang up and besides making walking dif- ficult obscured vision by blowing the snow. However, we are glad to see the wind come again for we want the snow blown off the ice so sledg- ing will not be so hard when the expedition starts. Last night six komatiks came up

from the south, Stookacho, Arkhio, Ky- -oto, Clingwah, Oblanyu, and Ahpud- ashahs, each with a load of walrus meat. Ahpehla, ahtitah and baby, and Rudukto, Ahmadocah and baby left for the south this morning. Toucha's + Kudlah's igloos and Ahpelsha iglooyah on the ice foot are now deserted. Green received a nice present in the form of a pair of musk-ox banipuks from Lipsu, brought up by Oblanga from Salkwatie. Tonight Marks and the other Stookashu came up with loads of walrus meat. Sun Mar 8-14. In the house all day reading. On watch till midnight. All the eskimoos went rabbit hunting and got quite a large number. Osquwah and Inenta came up from Salkwatie in the evening. Mon Mar 9-14. Doc went way back into the valleys today looking for deer and came out up by Littleton Island. He wore snowshoes and must have walked 25 miles. Got went rabbit hunting but his gun jammed and he didn't get any. Green cooked dinner.

112 Tue Mar 15, 14. Towchingwah, Tukapinguah, Kysto, and Ooqueah left this morning with komatiks loaded with walrus meat for the cache in Ruitstedt Fjord. I got out the moving picture machine and got pictures of the leaving. Green and Ek each hitched their teams today and made practice drives around the fjord. Okomadingwah, Okweatingwah and another eskimo came in after dinner from the south. Chocolate "mug-ups" in the evening about ten are very enjoyable. Wed Mar 16, 14. Mac, Ek, Green, Mine, Prewahts, and Otokashes left at about one thirty p.m. for Kamowinto and Crocker Land. I mounted the moving picture machine on a pressure ridge and got a few feet of pictures before the camera froze and refused to work. Doe is left in charge. He, Tank, Jet, and I are to stand 12 hour watches and each man gets the meal that comes on his watch. The eskimos who came up from the south and Oblanger left for Peterahwik later in the afternoon.

A north wind has been blowing all day and it is getting colder. The men wont have a very pleas- ant trip today. Everybody got to bed early tonight. Thu Mar 12 '14, Jot got breakfast this morning and also made three pies and a chocolate cake on his watch. Later he and Doc brought the "flatty" into the workshop and Jot repaired it. We had the back door open all day because I started the enginle and ran all day giving the cells a de- commissioning charge. The door open kept the gas out and prevented the heat from melting the attic frost. Doc cooked dinner. Wee Wee now eats at the table with us four, - after which she superintends the feeding of the eskimo's. The sun has shone brightly all day. Towards evening a strong N-E wind began blowing great clouds of

snow off the hills, this increased and by dark the air was so full of flying snow one could not see fifty yards - and the thermometer reached 36.2 below. I reckon winter is not gone yet. Fri Mar 13, 14 I had the watch from midnight till noon and cooked breakfast - cream of wheat and pan-cakes. Tank had the next watch and cooked dinner. The wind has been blowing the snow from the hills out across the bay all day and night and the flying snow- obscures vision. I ran the engine all day continuing the decommissioning charge. Sat Mar 14, 14. The wind is still blowing today - tho not so much as yesterday - and the sun has shone brighter and longer today than ever this year. The snow-drift back of the house is up to the top of the side wall now. I ran the engine all day. Sun Mar 15, 14. The great event of today was tha

killing of the wolf. The wolf which has been hanging around here for so long ventured up to our very door this morning and startled all Etah. Jot and Doc with their trusty rifles and five bullets put an end to her career, Jimmy, Sammy, Doc, and I were a volunteer team to pull the tomcat with her dead body on it to the house and after several photographs were taken the women got busy skinning it. Only a few hours before Jot and Jot had been planning a trip out to the island to get a shot at our visitor, but she saved them the trouble by coming to them instead. I ran the engine all day again today, nearly finished with the de-com- mmissioning charge... Mon Mar 16.14. Ran the engine all day again Today at very light load. Am bringing up some low- cells by this method. Finished with de- commissioning tonight. Cells are now in very good condition. Jimmy brought

116 in one rabbit and Oss went out for a little while and brought back two. Tue Mar 17-14. I cooked breakfast today - fried homing. Tank cooked up some rabbits and turnips for dinner. The sun shone brightly till mid-afternoon, and our canine family was mustered and divided into three light tams to hand three komotiks on hunting expeditions. Sammy and Jot, Odie and Ahlmuqwah, Jimmy and Evados were the parties, and the result of three or four hunting was four rabbits. I put the engine, switchboard, wireless, and batteries in shape for the summer; - after which I began work on the tide-gauge. By dinner time I had succeeded in getting the weights and pipes thru the ice, and shall now wait for the pipes to set. Wed Mar 18-14. After breakfast this morning the three boys went out on three komotiks and came back in the afternoon with three rabbits. I went up the fjord, shot at a rabbit which which was running up the cliff, and in trying to

get it got caught in a dangerous place on the precipitous hill-side- from which descent was impossible. and I spent four torturous hours going straight up the cliff which was at an angle of about seventy degrees. With my gun I cut steps in the snow and in some places had to dig my bare fingers into the sod where the covering of snow was thin to get a step. I have learned a lesson, "Never Again!" Thu Mar 19, 14. Today I got the tide gauge working and connected it to the wire in the igloo. It started O.K. but I shall probably have to adjust it for a day or two to get it working properly. Fri Mar 20, 14. got moved from his room today to Eli's bunk, so that Wee Wee could have a comfortable place for her confinement. The boys and I went on two skomatchkas and hunted rabbits all day towards Cape Alexander. We saw a number but they were so wild we got none. Coming back we stopped at the point and loaded

118 up with kerosene. Posidloonah, Peewahlo's brother arrived about five p.m. from the south. Rasmus- sen had sent him up with some let- ters for Elk and Green which were mailed in July last and brought over by Peter Frenchen. Posidloonah also brought the news that Ahpudashaho, the one who was paralyzed, - is dead. Sat Mar 21-14 It has been a gusty day, and we have all been indoors, except for a while when I was out adjusting the tide-gauge. Sun Mar 22-14 Adjusted tide gauge again today, It does not seem to run well in the cold. Mene and Zowchinquah arrived at six p.m. Mene had quit and so has Zowchinquah. A note from Mene says everything is progressing nicely and they are at the glaciers with the loads carried up on the ice.

119 From Monday mar 23 to Sat Mar mar 29 inclusive is in field note book no 40. Sun Mar 30 14. To Wednesday April first 14. Mr French was with us and I have been working on his theodolite. I was unable to entirely eliminate the error and he has given up going to Peary Land. Today, Wednesday he left for Nerke. He has offered us many things and will assist us in many ways. This is Jot's birthday and we had a big musk-ox dinner to celebrate. The musk ox meat is very good. Thu April second 14. The thermograph is out now and recording temperatures which are about zero. We have been having very warm weather lately. Fri April third, 14. Mac's white bitch killed two pups belonging to the brown bitch mine gave us today. Yesterday one of Eli's dogs nearly killed one, so now there are only four good ones left. It has been snowing a little today.

120 Everything was quiet about Etah, Tank and Jot were visiting in Akatingua's iglos, and Doc and Ek were asleep; when ten komatiks suddenly came into view from the south. Doc got up and I put on several pots of tea. There was one of the arrivals, bringing up meat from two walrus which he had killed; and Mr Frenchen brought up kamik sole material enough for twelve pair of kamiks, and also brought a pair of musk- or kamik-porks to Jot. Dogueah, brought up more kamik material and we need a lot of it because all the women and children are walking on holey kamiks. All of the men brought walrus meat to trade, and it seems that the walrus hunting has been good lately. Several of the men brought their wives and children and there are several new faces. Ohkudashaki came and will go with the doctor if he wishes to go into the musk-ox country. We cooked up some beans for me and Mr Frenchen, and gave the eskimos only tea and dog- biscuit. Mr Frenchen told us that

he had overheard Mere sticking up for Mac and the expedition several times, - especially when Kysts thought he was treated badly about the gun, - and he thinks That Mere wishes the eskimos to help us and does not think he would try to influence them the other way. Wee Wee and the baby were put in Doc's bunk and Doc slept in the attic. Sat. April fourth 14. Up all night on watch. Cooked breakfast and dinner. For breakfast we had sausage and german fried potatoes and cream of wheat and tomatoes. Dinner baked beans, brown bread and pineapple jello. Doc has been trading all day for meat. We have a great deal of walrus meat now. It has snowed some today but Jot had the pleasure of sailing his ice boat a little. Sun April 5th -14. All the eskimoese who came up to trade meat went home this morning Jot and Doc on the ice-boat sailed.

out to the islands with the komatikas. Mon April 6th -14. Doc, Peter, Ahpudashaks, and Peter's boy went north this morning. They are going over to Ellesmere Land to get Eli's musk-ox skins and to hunt musk-ox. I have been cleaning up the book-cases today -- seems like we have an awful lot of books. I read "The Choir Invisible" Today. Tue April 7-14. Chi's foot seems to be improving a little but it is certainly giving him a great deal of pain. Tunk is dressing it for him while Doc is gone. There is no more darkness now. At midnight last night there was light enough outside to read the finest print of a newspaper. Nothing of importance occurred today. Wed April 8-14. I weighed 164.5 after supper tonight. This is the most I have ever weighed. Tunk and I walked up the fjord to the glacier. Thu April 9-14. After breakfast today I went for

123 a long walk, and carried a gun but as I didn't see a rabbit all day I could hardly say that I went rabbit hunting. Jimmie and Odie who went hunting in a different place got one and three respectively. Fri April 10-14. On watch tonight all night. Kulut- inguak and Emeria came up about midnight from Mike. I made tea for for them and gave them a place to sleep. Sat April 11-14. Mere and Panikpah arrived about 5 p.m. They are going north on a hunting trip... Offedinguak and his family left this morning. Jank and Sammy went on a komatik for a long day's hunt up the fjord. Jimmy, Emeria and Odie each brought in a rabbit Today x Sunday April 12-14. Mere & Panikpah left this morning for a bear hunt, and Kulutinguak and Emeria went back south. I went back in the hills rabbit.

124 hunting, jimmy, sammy, and odie each brought in a rabbit today. Mon april 13-14: Temperature for the past week has ranged between o and 10 below. Doc, Peter, Alpadashaho, and Jags came in about eight o'clock this morning. They left Pear's old quarters at Cafe Sabine yesterday afternoon. The wind has been blowing hard all day from the northeast, and jgt and I have been making some new speed records with the ice-boat. Tue april 14-14. up all night on watch. Cooked breakfast and dinner. Very windy. Wed April 15-14. Today Mr fruchen has been developing pictures for us and showing us how. He also cooked walrus liver for dinner and showed us how to cook it so that it doesnt taste much worse than beef liver, provided of course that plenty of mustard, salt, pepper, ketchup and horser- radish is added. Mene and Parkpah came in about six

p.m. They had killed nothing on their hunt. Sipon and Oblangu came in about seven p.m. They had killed two bears each, in Elesemere Land. Doc and I played with the base- ball a while today. Mene lost the ball down a crack in the ice foot, 2 dug out 250 cubic feet or more of the ice to get the ball, and incidentally to cut a path thru the rough ice for Komatiks. Thurs. April 16-14. Still windy today but not so much as as yesterday. Mene and Jags and Ahpuachak started for Werke this morning but came back from the glacier because there was too much snow blowing on top of it and they dared not risk it. We had bear steak for dinner. Fri April 17-14. It has been quiet today; there is about three inches of snow on the ground. The water is dripping in the eglom in the dark-room and Ahlingwah and Obrea are

moving into Joti's room - Wee Wee and the baby are in my room with in the doctor's bunk. Doe and Tank are sleeping in the attic. Sat April 18-14. Mine, Panipah, Ahpudashabo, Jago, and Oblanyu left for the south this morning. Tank has been cleaning out some of the frost in the attic over his and Eki's belong- ings today. I have been on watch and cooked breakfast, but Wae Wee helped me cook dinner - frying some very nice rabbit. I found our theodolite in the attic today, - apart from all the other instru- ments. Mr Huchen said it was just what he had needed, - but that it was too late now for him to make the ice-cap trip. His entire plan is changed, - and Eki and Tank are going to go south with him this spring - all because we couldn't find the theodolite when he first came up here. I did not know that we had such an instrument, - and certainly did not think that it could be stowed in some other part of the attic away from

Hmen's collection of instruments, the finding of the transits, which we thought were substitutes for a theodolite, seemed to settle the proposition. I got cut my hair today! Sun April 27-14. Jot went hunting this afternoon. I made a survey of the hills back of the house with a view to building a new aerial this summer in case the kites cannot lift the aerial wire high enough. We haven't much chance of success on account of our low power and the unfavorable topography. But of course we are going to make every possible effort to connect the expedition by wireless. Mr Brunckow tells us that we have the only electric lights in Greenland. Mon April 28-14. Doc and I made all preparations today for a hunting trip back in the hills. We carried several loads of para- franchia up the valley back of the house on our backs, and made a toboggan load of it. After dinner we hauled

128 the Toboggan about four miles back into the valley and came back to the house. Tomorrow we will go up and camp a few miles farther back and hunt for a few days. In the evening the boys got a piece of bear skin and one of them would put it over him while the other boys would get the dogs to chase him. This is their method of training young dogs for the bear hunt. Tue April 21-14. Snow fell today, just enough to prevent Doc and me from going hunting. We put in the time working on the frost in the attic. Wed April 22-14. Doc and I left the house at four p.m., went back the valley to our Toboggan, picked it up, and carried it north, looking for carbon. After travelling for about ten miles we decided to go down to the ice and descended the cliffs a little north of Littleton Island. Seeing nothing better we decided to camp on the island, where we arrived about 10:35 p.m. We pitched our tent and made.

tea and after drinking this and eating pemmican and taking a walk to the top of the island we turned in in our sleeping bags. The sun did not set. Apr 23-14. Littleton Island. Doc was up before five and out chasing rabbits. He came back with one and we made tea and started for Lifelboat Cove. Here we kicked around "among the ruins" and got one or two souvenirs from the Polaris win- ter quarters. We hunted rabbits on the way back to our tent at Littleton Island and lay down for a nap when we got there. It was 17 below zero and a north wind made sleeping rather uncomfortable. About 6pm AM we decided to start for home so we reloaded our toboggan but left the tent, stove, a little oil, a little pemmican and a pair of snowshoes on the rocks on the northeast end of the

130 island. The ice was young and our way home was not an easy one. The snow had drifted in irregular lines and was soft so that we broke thru the crust continually and in some places along the ice foot wallowed in drifts four and five feet deep. After dragging our load for seven or eight miles we had to leave it and get home the best way possible. The wind had increased so much that we could hardly stand against it. It was a little after two p.m.- when we reached home and we were both mighty tired. At the house we found Sammik, Zoita, Etkabark, Jiglo, Annawana, Innalis' and one of Mr French's eskimos had arrived yesterday. This April 24-14. Zoita left this morning - I slept till noon and got up feeling fine. Sammy, Jimmy, Odie, and Mr. French's eskimo (I forgot his name) went up the fjord this evening and

succeeded in bringing back a raven's nest complete with five eggs. Jot has had everybody out for a ride on his ice boat. The eskimos are appropriately awe-struck. Sat April 25-14. Ek and Jonk have been photographing the walrus embryos and big heddand tusks, and the raven's nest today, and Ek blew the eggs.. Akomadingwah, Akpelah, and Ohweagingwah arrived this afternoon from Ellesmere Land where they have been for three weeks bear hunting. They had killed only one seal and one bear during the entire time and nearly all of their dogs had starved. They came in with only two komatikks -- Akpelahs and Akomadingwah's, and five and seven dogs to komatikks respectively, and their

132 arrival was conspicuous by the absence of the usual home-run dash of the dogs. Between the three men 21 dogs were lost. Ahweeaging- wahs komatik was left along th Ellismere coast way south of Cafe Sabine. Mr Frencher has been developing pictures today. Alakasingwah and Ahningwah have been skinning and preparing walrus heads and embryos. Ahjelah left tonight. Jimmy, Sammy and Odie got a rabbit each today. Sun April 26 -14: Ek, Tank, Peter, Annawana, Innaks, Sammik, Stokashov, Oblangn, Eweck, Ziglos, Ahweeagingwah, Akomadingnah & Alakutchia, left this morning about eleven o'clock. Ek and Tank's belongings were distributed over four komatiks. Tank drove Ek's team. Nerke is their destination for today. The crowd had a good day to start, no wind and temp. 5 above zero. The frost in the attic has been melting today and we spent some time in throwing it out.

133 About six p.m. Esayoo, Kanglah, Kudlaheoch, Satto & Sama, and Klayshu arrived from the south to trade. Satto and Sama slept in Doc's bunk, Kudlaheoch in Green's and the other also slept in the house. Mon April 27-14. Doc finished trading with the visitors this morning and they left about 11 a.m. We three, - Doc, Jot, and I, eat at the table with the women, and the younger members of our family eat at a second table. Odie, Sammy, Jimmy, Alna and Ahling weh went rabbit hunting today. They used two komatikis and went with the crowd this morning, and returned about three thirty p.m. Sammy and Odie each got a rabbit. Tue April 28 -14. Jimmy & Sammy took the komatik and went north towards Littleton Island to bring back the toboggan today. Jot went rabbiting and triumphantly returned with a rabbit. I have been cooking today

134 The snow, or frost rathar has been melting in the attic today. We have thrown out tons of it, it seems. Jimmy and Sammy reached home about seven o'clock. Sammy had a rabbit; Jimmy had "nearly got" a seal. Later in the evening five komatikas came up from the south. Kulutinguah, Emerie, Oguue, Meksie, Inentah, Melika were the arrivals. Wed. April 29-14. Kulutinguah brought with him a letter from Ck asking that some forgotten things be sent down to him. Kulutinguah's wife is sick at Norke and he wants the doctor to come down to her. From his description Doc thinks she must have an abscess of the breast. Two embryo seals and some seal skin were brought up by this bunch to trade. I went rabbit hunting today but did not see a rabbit. For the rabbit which Sammy brought yesterday twenty five .44 cartridges are gone. This is hardly profitable and it seems that we had better do without rabbit rather than pay for it so dearly.

Thursday April 30-14. The visiting eskimoos and Doc left for Nyke this morning. Doc took his own komatik and six small dogs. Jot was out hunting last night and got a blue fox, Jimmy and Sammy got a big seal today out on the ice; they drove back to the house for a line to pull it up on the ice and Jot went with them to help them. Friday May first, 14. Snowy this morning. Jot made a harpoon for use in walrus hunting this summer. I cooked and studied today. The weather cleared and the three boys went out seal hunting about two p.m. They returned at nine thirty - Odie had got a small seal (poogee). Sat May second, 14. The sky has been overcast and air filled with a faint trace of snow all day. The boys drove out to the ice where they killed the okrook day before yesterday and

brought home the meat. We had to renew part of the fire-box lining in the store today. Sunday May third, '14. Snow all day. Nothing happened. Monday May 4-14. Snowy all morning and part of afternoon. Doc came driving home about three p.m. Said there was a wild blinding snowstorm on the glacier and he had an exciting time coming home. He landed the smollen breast of Kulutingwah's Boomer at Nake. About ten a.m. we were somewhat surprised at the arrival of a big crowd from the south. Kudlukis and family, Myah, Imugits & Inkes, Ewee Kysts, Touchingwah, Stookashos, Oblangui and Katingwah and their children Zapong- wah, Ahpudashabs and family, Egung- wah, Ahnadsoongwah, Akudu, Jugun, Ahwetingwah. They brought meat and seal-skins to trade.

Tue May 5 -14. Great excitement at home today was caused by the arrival of Nukapingnak and Arklis. They came in on one patched-up komatik with six dogs, bringing a note from Mac saying all was well. The day has been devoted to family reunions and general enjoyment of the home-comers. Nukapingnak seems to have grown a few inches around the chest since seeing his three weeks old son. Wed May 6 -14. The visiting eskimos left this morning. Oblaugu went them to get his tent at Nerke; his family dis living in Lipsius igloo next door. The little girls are playing dolls eskim fashion, carrying fox skins in a handkerchief tied around the neck, like their mothers carry babies in the hood of the kapetah.

138 Thursday May 7-14. A high northeast to north wind all day has kept everybody in the house. Arklis skinned an embrys seal and Akatingwah prepared the skin. Friday May 8-14. High wind all day again, mod- erating somewhat in the evening. Women cleaning wolf skins and seal-skins. I soldered a number of empty oil cans today to use as walrus cups this summer. Tried skates on the ice in front of house today. Too rough for pleasure. Sat May 9-14. Nukapingwah brought in four rabbits at two A.M. Doc and the boys got over about 25 bags of coal today- got is out with his ice boat this evening; sailed down to the glacier once and brought back a rabbit which Nukapingwah gave

Seagulls here Today 139 (may 9) Eider ducks may 11. them there. They saw lots of sea-gulls up the fiord today; this the first time they have been seen. Sun may 10, '14. The wind is still with us, and ice-boating is in voguel! I broke a spud record -- and a runner besides, this evening by jibing too quickly. Doc and I got down about two tons of coal today to be sledged over. Mon may 11, '14. I climbed the hill above Sunnatag's grave today, and could not see the ice up the sound at all; -- nothing but open water everywhere. Nukapungnah, Arklio, and the boys brought in five rabbits tonight. We got over thirty-six bags of coal today. Wind went down about 11 p.m., and a light snow fell for a while. Doc saw eider ducks today.

140 Tue May 12, 14. We have had a very heavy snow today, the most we've had all winter - with a light south wind. Got and I got 35 bags of coal down from the point. Nukapinqua and Arkhis were to start for Cape Sabine tomorrow (via the land route to Kamovik) with walrus meat but there is so much snow now that perhaps the trip will be postponed. My sea-pigeons were shot out at the ice-edge today. Wed May 13, 14. The snow yesterday continued till midnight. Today a light wind has been blowing but not enough to blow the snow away. There is not much excitement here now. Thurs May 14, 14. Arkhis and Nukapinqua started for Cape Sabine today about two p.m. They went overland to clear the open water between her and Kamovik. There is enough snow in the Sabine back

of the house for the komatik. To go up that way, and this was done - the loads being "tumped" up by the women and children. I got several pictures of the crowel going up. Doc and the boys carried a kayak out to the open water this afternoon on a komatik. The boys stayed to hunt ducks. They shot at a seal several times without result and came home finally with two sea-pigeons. I developed pictures this evening. The punching-bag comes into play quite often here lately. Fri May 15, '14. Nothing killed today. The boys saw one seal on the ice and fired at it but without result. Panicpah, with all his worldly belongings, wife included, arrived at 10:30 p m this. Sat May 16, '14. Panicpah and Ahinksungwah set up their tupik today; the

142 Little Orkes first seen may 16. of the year at Etah. Arkli and Nukapinguah arrived here about five A.M. They came over the hill between here and the bad places near Littleton Island, but say that the Pond ice was splendid, no snow. The boys saw the first little Orkes of the season up the fiord today. They drove up and looked for some to catch but couldn't get any. Sun May 17, '14. Four komatiks from the south this morning - Olayn, Ahpudashah, Akomadinguah, and Ahweawah. Ahpudashah and Akom- adinguah brought up their tupiks and are to stay here this summer. In the evening two more came, Kuddlah and Ahweagingwah. Kuddlah's wife Ahkatig-wah accompanied him, and Klayshu th midow of the lately deceased Paralytic accompanied Ahweagwah. They say that Petrahvik is now deserted, the people having left the hunting ground for their summer homes. A letter from Ek by the komatiks today states that they reached Omandak after a week's journey, and found

143 Peter's supply of food badly de- pleted - the women left in charge having used it indiscriminately. Thermometer reached 35 above today, everything is wet from melting snow and the sun is pleasantly warm outside. Monday, May 18, '14. Joita, Kohpelah, and Ahweaging- wan came in later last night. Quite a number of people slept in the big tupik of Akomadinguah. - It began snowing about one and stopped at 5 p.m. - a heavy snow. Jot was up in the hills hunting and says that there was no snow up there. Tuesday May 19, '14 I bought a fup from Akoma- dinguah today, and traded some old clothes and personal things to Akatingu- ah for a kopelah to be delivered next winter. Ohpudashaho and Ohlanyn started for Bay Fjord today. Wednesday May 20, '14. Joita, Ahweagingwah, Ohpelah, Kudlah

and Ahatingwah, and Klayohn who came up with Ahweagingwah, left for the south this morning, over the ice cap via Brother John's Glacier. It has been snowing all day. -- I excavated the six sections of the wireless masts from under about five feet of snow. I want to get them up the hill before the snow in the ravine melts. -- Wee Wee gave the floor the weekly scrubbing this afternoon. We were just beginning to wonder if it wasnt time for something to happen, when three komatiks came in thru the snow. Sekmann, Posidloonah, and Harrigan, - the latter two with their wives and babies, came up from Oomanak and brought mail from Ch, Tank, and Peter. Sekman's wife and son are very sick with some malady which Peter fears is a contagion brought up from South Greenland and which may be an epidemic. They want Doc to come down if possible. We gave these people food since they came on our business: Supplies are needed at Oomanak - the women left in charge thru having raised havoc with the food stores.

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