Field Notebook: SD, CO, WY 1967

Waage, Karl

1967

Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History

Original Source

Source Material:
Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

paleontology stratigraphy fossils Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway ammonoids

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134 Pages

doc. 0286 1967 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DI-6 APPROVED DECEMBER 1941

doc. 0286 Field Notes Summer 1967 Northeastern Colo. _________________________ 1 to 9 [7841] Loc.1 Big Draw, secs A+B ____________ 1 [7841] Loc 2 Whipple Canyon ________________ 7 [7841] Loc 3 Lisle Ranch ___________________ 8 Loc 4 Miscell. N.E. Colo. _________________ 9 Type Fox Hills _________________________________________ 10 [7048] New localities on improved "roller coaster road" - new Rt 63 segment betw. Rt 20 (old Rt8) & Little Eagle. Loc 301 ( Loc. 301 _______________________________ 10 Loc. 302 Loc. 17, new cut Loc. 303 Loc. 74 ________________________________________ 12 [Loc 304] Lance Creek _________________________________ 15 [7132] Loc 101 - measured section [not Type Fox Hills project #] " " 100 _______________ 34 " " 108 _______________ 34 [7865] N of Belle Fourche (w/Cobban) ____________________ 38 Pierre Sh. cantilite Sh. Karl M. Waage Peabody Museum Yale Univ.

Howard Rollin Route 1 Weldona, Colo. 80653 Send him: Otoliths Fox Hills specimens Specimens paper

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Northeastern Colorado Fox Hills Locality NECO 1.. west wall of Wildcat Creek in vicinity of Howard Rollins house. Exposures in Big Draw in N½ sec. 31, T. 6 N., R. 58 W., Judson Hills quadrangle NW of Fort Morgan, Colo. Composite section based on two hand-levelled sections. (1A), in tributary draw of Big Draw just NE of Rollins house. In about center SW¼, NE¼, sec. 31 (1B) Head of Big Draw in center S½, NW¼, sec. 31.

5,6 4 22.4 5,6 6 33.6 2.6 35.6 5,6 5 28.0 25 35 30 19 17 14 22 162

Section 1A. Draw east Rollin's house Unit 1 25+ to? (22.4 mss) Sand, vfg, lite orangish brown weather, massive irreg cross laminated with huge scattered conc. masses, crowbly, grey weathering, some calc. hazd coves, Rare pockets fossils, and few scattered Elisocolus? in sand. Collection # 1 Big Draw from these, Ophiomorphs present in concs C3179 Unit 2A 35.6 Interbedded, dk grey shale, & vfg sand locally mottled. Shale predominates weathers to light brownish grey Unit 2B 30.4 As above but sand predominates, increasingly thicker layers (0.4 to 1.0) as well as thin ones. In upper 4.0 shale occurs chiefly as partings. Lamination more pronounced. Locally small x-lam concs in sand layers. Some large Nuculzs in Shale-scattered. Lamination is more irreg. thin-bedding considerable mixing burrows with sand in shale. C9189 D5873 Unit 3 10.0 to? Sand, Tebulzu x lam. to irreg, & fam yellowish orange weather. Numerous Gress roots 2

Field Notes 5,6 3 16.8 21 5,6 2 112 26 13,8

rusty-brown w/irreg oval cones, up to 5' long diam, and also platoy ledges conc. ss. Local clusters fossils incl. Cerdium spaciosum Small nucula. Ophiomorpha Section 1 B Unit 1 19.0 Measuring up from base of sand, Sand, vfq, tabular x-lam in lower 4 or 5 feet, becoming massive, irreg. x-lam above. Weather yellowish orange. Zone of concretionry ss. between 5+ 10 feet above base. Locally intraformational cgl at top conc. layer. - Fossilit. - Also fossils in sand in local rare lenses. Coll #2. Ophiomorphs common. Belemnitella, Nucula, Murchie, Tenurocia, Lunzita etc Unit 2 A 16.8 Mostly covered, to layer small studdy gray weathering cones. Rare Nucula. Spot expos show irreg. thin interbedded shale dgr & sand. ss in next Unit 2 B 13.8 Gray silty to study shale some interbedded sand. Irreg. inter beds, x-lm loc. fairly thin. 1.5 + 3

inch zu. No visible fossils but Rollin reports local shell layers. Unit 3 22,4 Sand, tabular beds x [illegible] sh ptygs + thin beds lower 18 ft+; above this sand current-bedded ctt (61), yellowish to grass roots, Grass Roots 4

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Summary of Big Draw section 160' ± SS C Nucula (small) SS B Tancvediz, Nucula, Lunatia C3180 Ophiomorpha Verruc. Mactra, Cradum, Tancredia Oyster frags, shark-teeth + reefs Large Nuculas D5873 SS A Ophiomorpha Local pockets fossils Cardium, Disoculus (in SS too) assoc. Oxymora, Scaphites, etc. C3179 5

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Fossil assemblages in Big Draw. All are secondary - current laid deposits with possible exception of some of the clusters on the A sand. Even these have broken shells common. A sand:- Cardium dominant, Clisocolus (if that's what the big shell is) 2 subdominant. Both occur loose in sand as well as in clusters. Deutelinus also common. Oxytoma in local clusters. Scaphites have definite Luce Creek look to them. Got 2 fragmental ones. Only ammonoids found are in this sand. B sand:- Ophiomorpha more common than in A. Cardium present but Clisocolus rarely absent. Shell between A + B sands has large Nuculae; locally well preserved - a different sp. than in B sand. B sand has biggest terna. Toucedia in, also Vectra - neither seen in A. Abundant small Nucula. Shell bed top of B sand with oyster etc. is litter on surface of Cretaceous - Lisle canyon (Loc.3) indicator from SS C-6

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Loc. Z Whipple Canyon - Chiefly in W½, SW¼, NW¼ sec. 25, T6N, R59W Judson Hills gqzd. B sand 30-35' thick. Intermittent shell beds at top in transition to overlying shale. Many Ophiomorpha, Cressacia, Tzucradiz, Nucula, Lunita? Euspira izquo Deuteliun. Collection from W side draw running S in W¼ SW¼ NW¼. As in Big Draw the B sand only fossiliferous in upper part where shale interbeds begin to appear, slabby concret masses also have local shell 1zyous on surfaces. Essentially same fauna. Very izquo, Deuteliun conspicuous. Tzucradiz most common bivalve locally, Numerous Ophiomorpha, Czadum is present but not common. Shark tooth is usual. Upper shale appears somewhat thicker here than in big draw, has some punky concretions in lower part. Saw no fossils. C sand at top have, no fossils found in it.

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Loc 3 Clarence Lisle property. Draw in about center N 1/2, NE 1/4, sec. 28, T. 6 N, R. 59 W., Judson Hills Quad. Chieflly C sand and beds above it, has base[illegible] contact. Skeleton section follows Top of shale unit C sand 19.0 ± Sand, massive, cross-laminated, some small cones. Sand is vfg, becomes fbulzar X lzm in lower 2 or 3 ft. At top in upper 5 to 6' ± masses conc. sand, relatively flat tops hold approx level 18.0 ± Sand as above. At top conc. sand slabs with conspicuously ripple- md upper surface. Scattered conc. masses. Between 6 and 12 feet from base one or more layers of oyster cal, shark rept, teeth, crassostrea little else, water worm shells & vertebrae. Total C sand = 37.0 ± 5.5 ± Shale and sand. Bright blue-gray shale with sandy interbeds grading to gravel, sand. 28.0 - ? Sand, massive brownish to light grey white at top. Ophiomorpha up to 15"±. Locally conc. ss at 16-19' from base, cased by gravel. 8

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[no quad] Loc 4 Sunken lzk road just S."T" with road to Cornish on Morgza-Wald Co. line, E. Side Coal Bank Draw Local ledge - Crassostrea - Anomura bed. Rare Corbicula - flat variety about 3/4" long. Underlain by dk gray shale. From Loc 4 West to Crow Creek szw "Lzvmic" in road cuts, Fox Hills exposures poor to nonexistent. No clue of any significant study, Wildcat Mound south of Milliken. -about 100 feet of Fox Hills sand exposed, Oyster cal layers 2" top locally. Not worth a section. 9

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TYPE FOX HILLS Survey of new (Little Eagle) segment of S.D. 63 (old "roller-coaster road") Approx 1000 to 1400 feet N of S line of secs 16+17 along their mutual boundary or just under 13/4 mi N of turnoff to Johnson Bros ranch, are now segment SD #t 63, secs 16+17, T 19N, R. 27E 301 Loc#1 Cut exposing between layers of Tril City down through sudy POAZ interval into LGAZ poaz=A4700 layers. May get to LNAZ in gullies draining cut to N. R 27E UNAZ= course6. A4699 Good glauconite sand in jzozites & loose. Fossilif. cones abundant. Little Eagle SE Quadr Loc.302 (Center projected section line between secs 16+17, 2 miles N of turnoff to Johnson Bros.) LGAZ in lower part of cut. (EoFri) to top of POAZ glauconitic sand Some upper nicolleti cones. Collected. Plenty of LGAZ. LGAt= A4701 UNAZ= A4702+ A4703 Loc 17 uncut - continues old 17 about # 400 to south, Loc#3- Old Loc. 17 enlarged by new cut. Starts top of rise in Protocruzidz sand with glauconitic sand, highly fos. cones. UNAZ cones scattered in zone 6 to 10+ft below; at least 2 layers locally of LNAZ. Well developed LNAZ zone of cones locally with large Gervilliz masses in basal layer. Good lower jzvosite. Eile Route in gullies shows clayey cones locally some small burrows subhorizontal 10.

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Fairly numerous rich coars of several layers washing out of road fill + fill in gully to N. Gulley is site where we collected from construction in 1946 - POAZ and UNAZ collections. Loc.303 Loc#4 Old loc. 18 cutzged by new cut. New road swings W off section line N from 18. Lower D Nic well exposed. Also LGAZ LNAZ has "cannonball" type coars in usual jockets in lower layer within 3' jzosite. Some single Gervilliz, or zimmerite; or evls clew. Some barren. At some layer local big gervilliz coars. Usual D nic 8 to 10' above jzosite W 1/2 mile NNE old loc.18. in NE cor. Sac. 8, T19N R27E, Carson Co. At cut on new segment SD G3, Little Eagle Quad. LNAZ = A4704, A4705 + A4707 LGaz = A4706 11

Locality 74 - and vicinity. (1) Amphitheatre channel. Corbicula distrib. in current-bedded shingle and more sparsely in intervening sandy beds in which spec. with valves flattened common. Fresh samples of latter show Corbs in excellent state preservation Thayer's jaws from bed of scattered corbs about 18" above shingle bed at base channel. Shingle bed locally cross-laminated] Chercozi common throughout the shingle beds. Crossostrea shells assoc with channel are markedly thinner than those of most Colgate beds - several show attachment to stalks. (2) Traverse along lower Hell Creek from our section at 74 NW to center of Sec. 29. Includes part Loc.74 and 304 (see next p.). Union's locally common to abundant not only in or at base of lower Colgate-like sand lenses, but also in sandy to silty clays between them. Union beds 12

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intermittent in zone 1 to 12 feet above basal lignitic shale. Fauna otherwise is all vertebrate including Myledaphis, dinosaur bones + teeth (amosaur) crocs, turtles, presumed cheyresosaurs, also much water-worn charcoal - sampled to be tested, the usual wood and plant frags. Locally lower lignitic shale is absent - Calpeta-Bullhead-like beds in with Corbicula association at close to Unio horizon. Relationships obscure, (probably recent) Unio sand includes clay pellets, plant frags etc on fresh cut. Unios commonly both valves, some aligned - hinges down. Loc 304 Includes that part of Iron Lightening bedleads north of the E-W bluff of Well Creek on west rim of bedleads in NE cor sec 32 (actually NE 1/4 NE 1/4; E 1/2 NW 1/4 NE 1/4; most of N 1/2, SE 1/4 NE 1/4; 2nd NE cor SW 1/4 NE 1/4) and SE part sec. 29 (actually SE 1/4; 2nd part E 1/2 SW 1/4) T 14N, R 19E, Red Elm NE Quad. Ziebach Co., So Dak. Good exposure of Unio bed in horiz zone of principal draw coming in to 13

of brine is gas collected to go compounds of carbon peroxide. Stepson (to) dog: Lil' Bae, you're me boy. So it's (she's) on the line. And he's gonna be her. She's the one I need. I'm the one who needs you. It's not too late for us to get back together again.

sherp change in rim to E-W to form sherp promontory just S of contour sec. 29, (SW col NW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec 24.) approx in SE cor, NE 1/4 SW 1/4 sec. 29. (Coll. A 4716)

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LANCE CREEK AREA Loc. 101. Measured sections (A) Lower part: Begins in draw about ¼ mile east of N. Prong Crazy Woman Cr. N30 W dip, strike N60 E, dip 17° Unit 1 -3°, 27' plus 4.0 ft down from top conc ledge where meas. begun sand, vfg, silty and clayey, mixed, weatherous crumbly light gray to slightly yellowish gray outcrop. Clay in pellets and chips or streaks. From 3.0-4.0± concretization sand ledge showing irreg. bedding? if any, much vague small burrowing traces loc, very few large one 1/2 bedding. At top, similar conc. sand, weather, yellow to gray crumbly with some fb calcified flint masses. Small burrowing, irreg, dominates. Between conc layers sed. moves sandy upward. No fossils - no reccq. Ophios in this unit. 7+4=11 ft (1) Unit 2 +6°, 38' sand, vfg, clay blebs loc. and, more apparently, clay burrow fillings, weather, lght gray yellowish cst. Predom. mixed, crops as massive rounded oc. Bedding locally muddled by a few loc layers or partings clay and more extensive layers with small (15) 15

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irr[illegible], cl[illegible] grey clay frags which prob represent thoroughly bored clay parting. At top is discontinuous large cones, layer similar to layous in unit 1. Cores, dk gray cciticsand. Cones show small szcic mixing some litter. burrows sand shows larger Ophio burrows barely detectable but outlined loc. in clay. Other burrows also shown by clay Unit 3 Sand, as below. Top at loc, from clay parting & crumbl[y] cones. 4.0from top + another crumbly conc zone with cores. Between this 2nd base irr[illegible] spread numerous small + large crumbly type cores same with harder parts. Collection #1 from sand (8.0" deep) cones in this latter interval. Unit 4 Sand, as below but weathering the typical yellowish-orange of massive Fox Hills sands Also more prominent are irr[illegible] layers + lousics of discontinuous clay lumps, closest pellets some obviously assoc with burrowing also local peppering of Fe pellets 16

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possibly secondary. At top of this unit large cone masses + crumbly jackets + cones, in upper 2 to 4' there have usual grid, small burrowing some larger scale parallel burrows, now Ophio recognizable. Unit 5 +13°, 48' (24') Sand as below, some bedding marked loc by clay. Also prominent beds clay and pellet-forms in sand. Latter may be Ophiomorpha but now doubt it Forms not unlike ophio but why clay pellet wells? [illegible] typical²; also source pellet structures looking form, but may be compression texture. Interval has scattered small cones one contained large Gervillia. Also very large cones in discord layed in upper 5' (up to 4.0) diam.) one has many Veniella humilis clay-rimmed burrows appear both pelletoid + non pelletoid types. At top is platy Snd cone layer numerous irreg bedding trails some vertical ± burrows, becomes irreg bedded downwards only platy in spots.

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Unit 6. Sand as below. Zones of hard RB worth cones at top and 10 to 12 ft from top softer cones scattered below. Locally in sand are Venicella, a flat A clom (Cyprinocea?), small Tno (fibrous?) Also found 1 spindle-tube filling solidified (Coll. 2) Cones have abundant good Venicella locally esp. layer 10-12' from top. In this interval pellet structures esp. abundent. Resemblance of most to Ophio is strong. Sand also locally pelletized! Top Cone (layer markedly invecq. has crumbly parts but mostly solid. Fe-speckled cone sand, here marks top of massive-burrowed sands pic 1 pic 3 left discou Unit 7 Sand, fq-mg in tabular sets a few inches to a foot + thick, crosslamin. x lams locally marked by heavy M accumulation. Locally soft more commonly indurated, clay pellet lenses few, laminated with sand partings, channelled, tzi out into pellet layers. pic 2 17' In basal 3 or 4 ft a few Ophio like pellet forms. Chiefly devoid of burrowing & few thin lenser silt and clay with horiz. burrows. +20° 48' A4724 (29) 18

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Capped by 6" to 1' conc. sand which has irreg. contact with set beneath, bottom shows trails (or) is very lam to ripple lzm. sand. Low, vent burrows indet. Some impressions ophiio on underside. Rippled surface for an crp. current ind. loc from NNE Loc in sand inclusions in layers + blebs of porcellanite. Unit 8 +21°, 25' Sand, as below, conc. laminated sand layer about in middle, and at top Mid layer locally shot with fusiform holes which weather out to funnel-like holes on outcrop. 15' Upper (layer rippled) + commonly capped by conspicuous current ripples. Soft beds between 2ft fq sand - clay with fl lam. more conspicuous than in unit 7 but locally x-lam. Most of this interval obscured. Burrowing chiefly in 2 conc layers apparently 19

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Loc 101 B Crop just E N prong Old Women Cr. Dir Dip N35E., dip 20° Beginning top conc layer ~ to top Unit 7, sec A. B Unit 1 Largely covered in ~ unit 8 sec B. +20° 43' (About 10.0 to 11.5 from base loc, conc ledge small scale "festoons" of ripple struct.) 28' Sandstone, vfq, thinly bedded to 1cm 2nd interbed with grey shale thin partings + layers up to ½ inch. Bedding details obscure, Scattered local cones - compressed oval up to 1.0 long diam (on bedding) which only slightly cone-ized + part-on bedding. Also some calcite conc ledges, locally. One 4.0 from base capping ledge is ripple marked. Bedding loc irregular, shales in small thin lenses - same sh. blebs. Capped by persistent conc ledge locally platy, is ripple mkd 20

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locally with interference type crossway on top crossed by troughs, ridge with variety of burrows, including inclined pencil drilling, U-shaped pencil drilling (may be L-shaped?), spindle burrows (few) Bedding from lzm to ripple lzm sets. Unit 2. Chiefly covowed but as below with yellowish-orange sand + sh pebbles. Top is local cone masses RB calcite. Pitery thinly lzm sand +20 20' (13') Unit 3 Sand, yellowish orange becoming more massive, looking due to loss of most of shale interbeds. Trough units thicker, still low L X-lzm., vfg Local cone masses form ledges most are discontinuous but upper complexed with irreg bottoms. in the ss. One about 4.0 from base has ophite network on surface; commonly then are ripple wind -3° 36' (11') Unit 4 As in unit 3, but a few more shale pty's?, some contorted beds sand loc. conc-ized also +14° 44' (25') 21

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lower 1/2; up 1/2 local shi plams,; but softer than lower locally.; Numerous local cone leclgs, ripple (white) with trails some burrows, but not as plentiful as lower units. Unit 5 +4°, 43' Sand, appears massive, color change to light gray begins this interval though orange tints; Still thin beds, X low but visible chiefly in cones, which are either grayish slabby or hard RB. Irred distrib for most part. Thinbedded top interval fairly continuous. Unit 6 -11°, 50' Sand, obscured in slope-- Numerous RB cone layers + gray. Obscured. Unit 7 -20°, 50' Sandst, massive w/wh graywhite some Ophio in bssl 3ft as cly pellet forms. Very obscure bedding is low angle X low pods. tbk. Cap thin cone, rippled as irreg shallow channel incision in sand. 15' +3 22

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Unit 8 Obscured, locally massive yellow stoned sand. +22°,39' Capped by prominent continuous ledge hard grey gs 3 or more ft thick (locally punctures thin x bed sand proconc-ized up into Unit 9. Lower 3.0 to 1.0 [illegible] of cap is full of "spindle" burrows. 27' Unit 9 Sandstone, massive with thin beds x bedded, fq., loc. less ft conc-ized in lower part, softer above with yellow & orange stria. Dip D. N.30°E Dip 18° -80°,50' To base of Ostrea Corbicula bed. A4726 ↓ 9' Ostrea-Anomura-Corbicula bed is local lens 1B shaly s&d - pinches out E&W in gray-white sands. At May have where 8.0+ of IB s&d + sandy sh. Shell bed current deposited with some Corbis both valves 23

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Loc 101 Section (A) continued by offsetting along layer with interference ripples (top of unit 8) to first small branch on E side of gulley to W. Dip 21°, N 27 E UNIT 9 +1° 50' Sand, v fq, w/ths yellowish orange, beds up to 10" thick to fine inch with within beds & partngs dr- gray shale, and some(?) gray laminated silts. Sand beds 12m to X. 12m. Low beds may be very low L x beds though where conc-ized some appear true laminized. (NOTE Dk gray shales are actually org rich silts with little clay.) Conspicuous feature where sandsf exposed is thin bedding. Local conc-ized sand intermittent, layered. Both sand & conc loc with spindle burrows. At top is local platy conc layer interrupt - prob discent, ripple marked. UNIT 10 This unit in halves of layer large discontinuous cones - actually a 5-6' zoned double row with top at about 1/2 of interval. 34'

10 17+ 10B Sand without sh 17+ 10A spindle zone shd + sh. change to sand with rev. sh ↑ 9 local platy 8 invertebrate rips

'A4725 10A - As below, with 1.5' ± zone spindle borings about 2' beneath lowermost of double cone layers. At this point section goes to sznd, and most of 10A is like 10B (sea zone) 10B Sznd, vfg as below except bedding less evident due to disappearance clay partings. Bedding still tubular & lam though. Clay locally in discreet blobs and in pellet zones - fist oval pellets. At top fairly persist cone sznd z few clay layers under it. Sznd of cone layer ripple mark loc., intervein type common. No burrows in 10B evident but trails + some Ohio-like on top. Sznd is below few silky ptngs in lower 2', few shale inclusions. Slubby cone layer thin sud sheets base 5 to 6' from top his intermittent cones between which sud has shale plugs abundant (could be common stillstand relationship? with cone layers marking non depo + working?) At top z fairly persistent grey weath. SS ledge that has pellet turn weath surface common. @ Question. UNIT II +15°, 34' 20' 25

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whether this has any signifi in layer 5-6' below yet seems an edges of conc masses, support all secondary no trace pellets in sand through more widely diffuse Fe specks. UNIT 12 +140', 50' Sand, as below but loosing yellowish orange color becoming greyish white with yellow to orange stained zones. Sand vfs to fg, zppeccus massive, bedding obscure. 29' In mid. unit ripp-mold conc layer 10"+ plzty type. About 3' from base zone loc. OB wash sand cones fit around, rzvc dphio present - literally goes into intob, sand r shde - or clayblob zone, locally with porcelainitic stuff. * This layer locally marks sharp color changes in sand- may be signif horizon Top of unit is 1.0'+ intermittent conc layer with loc. RB thin-bedded/ cone ledges. As in many ledges some clay layers + pleb zones just beneath. 26

14 = top Unit 8 of sec. 8 13 Ophio

Unit 13 +19, 28' (18) Sedstone, w/eth lite gray rounded massive oltzerp with faint subll to x izmrzhrw. Fmo grd. Beginning ±8.0fth has Ophio in s2nd marked by clay pellet outlines also loc. conc with Ophio tubes w/eth to holes. About 1or2' above mid of unit s2nd gives way to sultclay with spindle burrows and clzycy s2nd with 0.4 conc s2nd czp. - This unit about 1.8 thick. Then move s2d t/clay with tubes + 6 to 8" conc czp. Czps gray conc ss - clay pellet zones Vert burrows incl. Ophio, sparsely - most vert burrows prob. upper end of spindle. Unit 14 (Dip 20°, N35 E +25°, 53' (37) s2nd, 2s below, light gray with loc. bright yellow stain. Faint lam xizm visible fg some Ophio in pellet forms. Lower 4' irveg concize s2d continuous with ledge top of Unit 13. Hzs "czunonball" concs wrapped in ledgy material. Top v. loczl conc plzty bed same trails 27

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Unit 15 42° 50' (measured at N60E) Sudabono is below About 5' from base fairly persistent conc. layers. Sud under is follows 2' x beds obvious 2 to 3' sprindle burrows 3+ scot ophio in pellet form Above to marker 15, same as massive fairly x laym, yell string local conc masses. Unit 16 +15° 41' (mczs. at N60E) Same as life grey mud intermilt, conc layers below. To persistent conc. platy ledge 2t top of bluff, head of draw Ledge with scot ophios - clay pelletizing Note 15-16 intervals include horizon, Oyster Cove line sec B are all sand here 28

LOC. 101 Section C Head of draw behind ridge tracing E from N. prong OW creek. Beginning at top conc. ledge traced across from top of Section A - 16, top unit 16 UNIT 1 Chiefly obscured by w2sh, but top underlying ledge with interference ripples and some surface trails. Overlain by following sections, thickness approx w2sh, yellow wash sand I.b. dk grey sh., + q.t. ozuled beds, sand - some clay hum plus, humus fissile sand layers top & base 2.0 ft 2.0 ft 3.0 ft C A A Over C, massive white sands begin. As in units 2 + 3, within at most 2' Unit 2 Sand, massive rounded crop tabular x 17m with considerable festooning in tb beds. Irreg spaced grey log-like cones. Sand is chiefly fq, may be some mq bc. 29

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Unit 3 Sand as above. Unit 4 lower 3.5 + ft is lignitic shale + grey shale with thin sand layers at base. Above this appears to be soft brownish yellow sand to clp, but chiefly covered clp is. RB platy conc ledges informilant. Units 5 Include sand unit. Another massive into grey one similar to any in units 2 + 3. Poorly exposed at this place. At top zone large VB concs. (top 10) Unit 6 Sand (as seen in gulley W of section) chiefly fq, gently to locally sharply truncated x 1cm, still generally tabular. Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 30

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Loc. 101, Section D. - Shell bed draw. Beginning at top sandstone with Corbicula hash. (Corbicula sand is about 3' thick.) dip 20°, N 27° E Unit 1: +11°, 48' To conc layer ≈ top unit 10 Sec C. Lower part (below 17' from top) silty fissile shale abundant plant frags., loc. almost w aquatic sh. One thin sand scst. Corbicula in upper part. Upper 17' includes basal sand with Corb. about 1.5 ft thick Then 2.0± shale, then graded and some IB sand + sh 3.0 Then sand to top. Sand of trans has scstt corbiculae, cap of flattened concs. Unit 2 +10°, 40 About 9' sand at base, then 0.5 liq. shale 4 3/4 ± shale becoming gray sandy, about 5 4/0 sand at top. Top thin platy liq. sand 10 31

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Unit 3 +60, 46' 20 Alternating liqueite, liq shale + s2nd) Approximation of detail .5 to .6 Conc. - S1zby (RB Fostone?) Vfq to silt sand .8 - s2nd) brown limestone? 18 - Liq sh, 4.0+- S2nd shzly at b2se + top 3.0+ Liq shale unfor liq. 7.8+ S2nd 4.0+ liqueite + 11q.shzle 1.8 S2nd, white, vent burrows or roots 6' liq. b2sl fdt - sh becoming sandy top s2d thin beds + lzm. Unit 4 00, 49' 17 As in unit 3 4.3 Conc s2nd, pizty 4.0 Snd, clyeq + clysud, cl. pts lb. szub 1.8 Liq sh frags .5 S2d 2.0 Liq shzle 1.0+ Sud 2.5+ Sandy clay base grading to gray clay with sld. 5.5 liq sh, liq, + sandy sh. cones 2.5 Vfq lite gray Sud. (all HCs sud so far are Vfq. 19? Latorally. (best) coping conc layer thickens to 1.3+ has brown wzth slbs bright orange lichen. 32

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Unit 5 -15,5° 52' (5') Sand / clayey in lower 115 which has small H.C. side cones.) Very powdery light tauish gray with local yellow to O stin some local silky cone sand irrev x lam upper 5' becomes clayey sand. Unit 6 +12° 35' (19') Beszl 11't is lig sh. Upper part begins sand body described under Unit 7-8 Unit 7 -7° 52' } Unit 8 (12') Sand, massive, fq, weathrs yellowish orange. Bedding irrev to contorted x lam, lencas + stringous clay pellet cql ferruginized clay lumps Conc masses with festoon x bedding To grass roots in gulley. 37

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LOC 100 (1) Spindle-burrow bed (same horizon as in Unit 10A of Sec A) is up to 4' thick locally - probably move (2) Some nodules (Coll.) at contact of massive-thumbedded sands, but not a well defined layer as at Gunn Ranch. (3) Ophiomorpha either more common in "white" sands or more obvious. (4) Massive yellow-orange sands appears thicker. (5) Bzuded beds 25'+ between 1st + 2nd white sands LOC 108 Bluffs of "bzuled beds" lying about an axis of Antihills syncline.. Not certain of relationship to "white" sands - could be above. On main bluff nearest road d cone. layer approx 25' below the capping sand contains small Ophiomorpha. This only fossil except bone fragment. BB's, however, have abundant meucsite pellets 34

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which suggest absence of fossils due to reducing conditions. 35

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Northern Black Hills CASTLE ROCK Oligocene WR cap on >200 feet of lower Hell Creek. Draw on NW side of butte has best section - down to Fox Hills or what I would call Fox Hills: a tabular X-1zm sand some clay patches possibly outlining Ophio but indec. Grades down to banded bed lithology which has 2 few beds sand up to 2' thick that weather yellowish. Top "FH" sand is light gray yellowish cast, much yellow - ?zvosite-like crud in upper part. At top rootlets in sand. Capped by liq shale + lignite along irregular contact (photo). Above this Hell Creek succession with alternating shale-lignite units and channel sands - about 60' up benonitic clays come in. The Hell Cr. - W.R. contact obscure on butte side Does not look like any place for finding lower FH anywhere S or E or W of Castle Rock in vicinity. Suspect best place at HaysButte Butte. This section of Hell Creek should be measured. It may tie in with the Bullhead lithofacies. One horizon 36

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of sand-lumps overhem by bounteic they was particularly suggestive. No trcc of fossils found anywhere in the section. 37

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Ascending-Cobbins Cvrhko section Top of Green horn (Coll fish vout+ low) Pool Cv. Memb. 81' Lower dk shzlo (~ Fairport) then, czk concs +/- 12'4 (C. woodgrvi), nonczle. Upper gr. shzlo with ironsfones (~ Blue Hill) 2 bwlh in lower part Scaphites czvlilensss body chamber czts ^ Collign hypa H7 Fish- loleston layer else, (I. howellins lno) which is phos nodules layer-see spec. Turner Study Memb 2 71' Bessel chupbeddlo szud with shark teeth, pyncnodont teeth (simple) Lower part with czk sandy cones- S. wazveni, Prionocyclus McCombi, I. demidius (Coll.) L mid, part - I. perplexus, P. wyomingensis S. whitfieldi- in big O-X weath. concs. U Mid - cowl bed S. nigricollousis (Coll) V Light salts - underly grass slopes. Concs 2t top S. nigricollousis. Szqe Brecks Memb. 300+ Grey shzlo Septi, concs. - unfoss (Dan thinks ~ Fort Hays.) Bill & '57521 Fort-Hays)

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8 DIP = 21° V = +1° DIP N 27°E 50' V 9 +26° 47' 10 +15° 34' 11 +14° 50' 12 +19° 28' 13 DIP = 20° +2.5° DIP N 35°E 53' ✓ 14 +2° 50' { measured at N60°E 15 +15° 41' 16 1 interf mypleen. DIP = 22° N30 E -1° 50' 2 +11° 50' 3 +8° 54' 4 bottom lignts 5 +17° 35' 6 -1° 50' 7 -1° 50' 8 Top s8 +20° -10° 17' 47' 9 -20° 30' 10 Browned cone chp slope SECT A SECT C doc 0286

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SECT B DIP=20° " N35°E 1 +20° 43' 2 +20° 20' 3 -3° 36' 4 +14° 44' 5 +4° 43' 6 -11° 50' 7 -2° 50' 8 +22° 39' 9 -8° 50 DIP=18° " N30°E 10 Bottom Coricula-Ostrea 3 Shaley D=17° V=+1° 36' 4 big diacont. cones V=+13° 48' 5 top lower sh. V=+20° 48' 6 top diocant cones V=+27° 25' 7 top cont ½-1' cone ↓ V=+21° 25° 8 top uppled semicont cones doc.0286

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doc. 0286 SECT D 1 TOP lobinula bed dip=20° N27°E +11° 48' 2 +10 40' 3 base 1st lignite +6° 46' 4 top 6" red sh. 0° 49' 5 -15.5° 52' 6 Base lignite +12° 35' 7 Top X bed cone zone -7° 52' 8

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doc. 0177 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DI-6 APPROVED DECEMBER 1941

Karl M. Waage, 1971 doc. 0177 7048 Type Fox Hills 30 2 7132 Lauce Creek - Redbird area 112 4

doc.0177 Summer 1971 with Charles Byers 1

Karl M Waage, 1971 168 14

Type For Hills Locality 30 Levelled up to Key beds of measured section in Bull. Beginning with spot sample low in T.C. CWB Sample 1 5.6 CWB Sample 2 4.2 5.8 < CWB # 3 2.3 <- CWB # 4 Concretion (brown-grey silt type.) 5.7 < CWB # 5 5.0 < CWB # 6 Top of CINC mass in gullen - Conc Jacket? 8.0 Silty cl, scot shells. Limysis begins at least 5.0 from base. (CBoven head is concretion CWB#7-2t 5.5 Gervillie + Limop, revd, CWB#8 2t 8.0 in it - 2t 5.5) 6.6 Top. local C+C layer (about 0.3) in gully CWB#9 is 2.0 down from C+C layer 5.6 To top fairly persist layer IVveg flatish Is concs-like scpioid cones- CWB#10 at top 7.0 To top layer avoid isconcs- Protocardiæ layer. CWB#11-3.0 above this conc layer 2

Karl M Waage . 1971 57 46

12.3 Silty clay with jxvositic blobs + [illegible] beginning about 5.5 from base, CWB# 12 5.5+ from base 5.1 Silty clay with jvrosite above. Top this measurement marks top jvrositic zone. Base of unit on fairly persistent jvrositic layer 6.8 To top brown cone layer, CWB#13 just above base. Interval lacks jvrosite + brown stain 3

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Red Bird Area. Loc. 112, 2T S.E. end gravel-capped Mssz on Shevon Springs + bzzl Mulren Members, NW 1/4 Sec. 20 T38N R6W, Niobrara Co., Wyoming. (="Pfister Peak") Measured sections not corrected for the +/- 30 dip. See Cobzas's Red Bird section for better thickness data 4

5,6 6 336 4 37.6 7 5.6 7 392 2,5 41,7

loc 112 1 Section of Shzron Springs & Lower Milton Mmbas of Pierre, E of Redbird on SE cor, quartz cppd Mesz in NW 1/4, Sec. 20 T. 38 N, R 61 W, Niobrara Co, Wyo 10.4 From top Ardmore bentonite to the "5" top of bentonite at base of the buttress zone 41.7 to ".4" bentonite above buttress zone. 25.0 to ".2" bentonite (about .8 - 2 double 8") 7.0 to ".1" + bentmble 14.5 To bentonic streak, may be discontinuous slabby red-burn worth cone masses Start of start about 4' above base - scattered Miltons throughout. At top, local LS cones some with cone-in-cone just under bentonite streak 37.6 To top lzycr lzycr sept. ls cones. (smell scaphite in it.) The red platy cone masses. Czl csepts begin to come in about 20 feet above base, shale changes to more blocky, less fissile very gradually upward in this interval. Section begins just N of Mule Creek cut-off on Ardmore bentonite at base of bluff. 5

158 26 4 5,6 1,5 7 1

(2) Starting base of 0.5 or .6 blue bentonite base of butress zone. 0.5 Bentonite - light bluish gray (1) 20.6 Shale, ppy clay, qyp + jzvo slate stringous to 0.1 bentonite streak at top. #1-4' from base, #2, 8' from base #3, 1' from top (2) 5.6 Shale as below, with flat oval cones light gray + yellowish gray ls. about 2 to 4 foot interval above base. (3) 0.4 Bentonite (4) 18.0 Shale, ppy clay, qyp + Fe bezculites, bones + fish scattered throught.. 0.1 streak bentonite at top, and 4.4 + 6.0 from base, #4-1' from base, #5-9' from base, #6 - 3.2 ft from top. (5) 7.0+ Shale, ppy clay, qyp, locally flat oval gray weather ls cones weathering out in interval. Bentonite streaks 0.1 about base and at about 3, 4, + 6 approx. (6) 0.6 Bentonite + shale, with local cone-in-cone cones 0.2 bent, at base & 0.1 - at top Loc. Thin masses cone-in-cone yel.-orange weather crusts. 6

56 4 224 113 237

(2) cont. (7) 7,0 Shale, still with few Fe-quartzite boulders, pebbly, Loc gray feldarsenica #7-3.2 from base. (8) 0,2 Bentonite, loc with hard Fe stained layers in top of #7 below it. (9) 14,0 Shale, pebbly, with scattered red brown weathering to shaly cone masses, some boulders flattened frets. A few IS (weather gray quartz) coves with clinc in upper 3 ft but most of these start in base #10 #8=3.8 from base, #9-3.2 from top. (10) 25,0: Shale,(see below). At base first widespread layer layer first c-in-c and pebbly red and, locally, septarian is cone masses - this +/- loc. with cones protruding into (9) below. Locally capped by thin bentonite strata. Above basal cone layer scattered similar masses without obvious persistent layers though may be widespread cones in zones about 12-15 above base. At top, seems to be fairly persist, dominantly septarian cones quartz wrapping, moderate (1/2/dirty) #10 -9.2 from base #11-16 from base #12 - 20,6 from base

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to very large flat avoide. Shell goes from pzyom at base to fizhy, lighter, chunkier at top (1) 6.0+ Shell somewhat bretonite? Shell worthy to checked outcrop some though tissile underlit. Zone large is sept cones in upper foot?, locally, plenty type, much assoc. gypsum. 8

(3) Ardmore bentonite in W quleg B 2' T?ku zs 4' Ardmore bed. 3.0+ B 3' Gammon Memb Base Ardmore Bankwly (1) 3.0 Bentonite (2) 4.0 Intarbedded bentonite + tough shale (3) 2.0 Shale with 0.1 layers bentonite middle + top. (4) 7.0 Shale, dk grey papery, bentonite thin layers about 1.4 above base 0.8 from top + at top much dzosite + gypsum #15-1.5 from top (5) 6.0 Shale zs below (6) 1.2 Bentonite 9

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7 15,3 Shzlo, pzpozy, qyp+fo bzlu + vcot. This zone has small scale slump #14 - 3.6 to 4 & jointing structure. May be off some 3/4 out & loss? bet not much (Becculites? Banes - include fish head #13 - 6.0 from + picture. top 8 0,5 Bentonite (some as of base section(2)) Pictures at Loc. in Sec. 20 ✓ 5. Charlie at simple hole in Sharon Springs ✓ 6. Gully in upper Sharon Springs with concretions lower Mitten coming in at top. 7. Thin bentonite in Sharon Spgs, conc mass in background. Note outcrop expression of bentonite 8.] Top + side views of conc-in-conc 9.] Jacket on concretion. Lower Mitten? top Sharon spgs? (first persistent conc layer 10] Septizon ls conc w/ gypsum jacket Lower Mitten member 11 Septizon conc mass in lower Mitten. Black Hills in background. 12,13,14 Fish in lower Sharon Springs sec 3 15 16 17 Ardmore bentonite bed.

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(4) From top Niobrara to base Audmoe bentonite west gulley just up about 60 ft from culvert (1) 2.0 to ? Niobrara. Dark shale with cele specs, weathered brownish to bluish gray. calcareous. (CWB # KN1 from 0.5 to 1.0 km to top cwb# KN2 " 1.0 to 2.0 " ) At top is 0.5 of brownish weather shale with gypsum partings, mostly noncalcareous, black stain on bedding Garrison Memb. Pierre (2) 0.2 Bentonite streak in rusty weather shale. (3) 2.6 Shale, weathers gray with rusty zones cwb # KG 1 in lower foot, KG 1.5 is in top foot (4) 0.5 Bentonite (5) 9.0+ Shale Ph grey fissile to streak bentonite + jarosite CWB# KG 1.75 3 feet above base slump? (6) 9.5 from streak jarosite to base Audmoe may be section missing. CWB # KG 2 4.5 to 5. Below Audmoe

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Red Bird Section, Traverse A - (Picture 18 looking down dip to Fox Hills from Mitten- RedBird contact-CWB middle dist.) Collections in Upper Mitten from cones & float of weathered cones. Chiefly in upper half of upper Mitten. Pictures- Concretion layer in Red Bird siltgy 2 of Pine ridge brechs, one with CWB3 Aug 3- A I whitfieldi concretions in lower part up unnamed Memb, Also B,C D. Fox Hills-Pierre contact Traverse A. E.F.- Contact of 2nd+3rd units up in F.H biofuulzte - nonbiotalite is in loosey contact, G-H-I- Views E over Traverse A at RedBird from Fox Hills 2nd J View W to Upper Fox Hills from lower FH K Fox Hills cone zones below in TL #1. 12

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The Fox Hills fauna is 26 at Lance (v. Protocruzell? Tellina Bryozoan Venericella Dentalium Yoldia "Inoceramus" fragilis Sphenodiscus Hoploscaphites Dictyophora Gastropods.

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From base Audunoe to samples 14 SP 13.5 Sample#2 0.5 to 0.8 from top, Sample #1 wood ledge shzle on to Audumee 3.5 to 4 5.3 Sample #3 upper 0.5 above loze 8.4 Bentonite 0.2 at top Sample #4 about 0.3 to 0.8 above Bentonite 14

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Measuring from base Ardmore 4.0 To ledge above Ardmore. Sample #1 3.2 to 4.0 14.0 Sample #2 13.0 to 14.0 8.6 Sample #3 upper .6 10.2 To base thin Bentonite X 0.2 Bentonite 0.6 Sample 4 Offset ground corner to S. Measuring up from X bentonite 4.0 To plate orange-yellow stained layer, Sample 5 's 1 foot beneath this layer 5.0 To soil top of butte 15

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Measuring from top of 2nd bentonite down in German to base of Ardmore - 14.0 Sample German 1 about 1 foot below Ardmore to 2 ft below Sample German 2 about 1 ft below 2nd bentonite 0.7 Bentonite Measuring down from Ardmore 16.0 to base thin bent. German #3 is just below this. 18.0 below Ardmore ? thin bed (calc shale) German #4 16

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Cobbins Milton SS 4B filter cones Vert Bultress Ardmore [10c. 112] Chiseling section on Redbud road at Fishy Peak

140 120 100 B first red platy concs 80 B 60 .4 . B 40 buttrss zone 20 0 B Ardnove bentonite Byrdsloge section Shaver Springs Mout zt Stole Line locality N of Cheyden, Neb. 1971

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