Field Notebook: Florida. 1911, 1912

doc. 101 Florida 1911

Albert E. Schuotert 3937 Regent ave Cincinnati, Ohio. Phil Schuohert 810 N. Fifth St. Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs Lade 472 Orange st New Farm, Conn. Charles Schuohert 59 Bane st. On turn 16/58 bright 11/50 clouded 8/50 hazeclouds On shore 16/100 bright 16/50 clouded 16/25 hazeclouds. On shore long distance and fog bright 32/100

doc. 0101 3166 Dec 16, 1911 Jan. 1, 1912 Florida Charles Schuchert Yale University New Haven Connecticut.

[illegible] Lri Jan. 1 Oth. 1 Oct. 5 2 2 3 2 1 1 18 T

Look in mail at Miami 21 = 24 Key West 24 = 27 Tampa 26 - 29 1 Jacksonville 1 St. Augustine 5 Onjami 2 Long Key 2 Knights Key 3 Key Bort, Sponge fishing 2 Tampa 1 Savannah 1 Richmond 18 days Term opens Friday Jan 5 - 8 A.M.

Nordall pictures Instr. Light. Strip. Time Dist. In circle 4 of 9 should have used. I. 1 May 2d. Across the salt marsh to the palm first, thin noon. Circle 1, 16/50. Short distance, [circle] Me 11/50 V.I. 2 E. May 2nd palms at station, from 11/50 Clouded. Mean view 11/25 V.I. 3 Another view of same from to "" 11/25 V.I. 4 Same place 50 feet at palmesttos and going past, from 5/25 Cloudy Fine 5 from 100 " " " palms from 16/25 Cloudy T 6 " " 100 " " palms and marsh. From 15/35 Better light T 7 " " 100 " sand clumps over balancing palms, 1:28, 16/60 12/25 T 8 " " 100 u " " " " 16/60 16/35 I. 9 Firm sand clumps into sea surf " " 16/60 16/35 I. 10 Along track and palms in dunes " 16/60 16/35 O.E. 11 Overthrown palm changing into at 25 feet 1:30 P.M. 8/25 8/40 T 12 Along head along dunes 1:30 P.M. 16/50 fine sand 16/35 II 1 Legged at Jolletmorelle 16/25 10 A.M. End light 15 feet, 2 " " " " " At one 3 " 8/25 10 A.M. End light & foot at One. Under 4 Ortega holly and grass 11:30 16/40 Cloudy Distance Underlay under 5 palmes 11:30 16/40 " " more oily 6 Holly fine one salt marsh 12:1 11/50 " along light light. 7-8 Cocoanuts at Royal Palm Beach 10 A.M. 16/50 One clear 100 the [?] mean distance, thus young cocoanuts. 9 Same 100 feet and mean distance. 10:4 M. 16/50 10 " " 11:30 16/50

II. 11 shrub in flower at 15 feet [talk 30] 16/25 12 Poinsettia in flower. Their crown is 15 feet 16/25 Film III Ocean Beach, Miami Mangrove 16/30 10:15 A.M. Dark light. 2 Cocos Cork 750 feet, 3 Beach ends with other coconuts 16/50 10:30 - 4 The head 16/60 10:30. 36-7-8 Alligators at A.J. (illegible) farm 3 P.M. 3 to 10 feet. Fire in nut of trees, also dark. 9 Royal palms at Forest Farm or Miami P. 3:30 4/50 from Z 10 Century Palm in flower - - - 3:30 11/40 - 11 Date palm (mystery) tree - - - 3:30 11/20- - 12 Papaya fruit tree [10 feet range] 3:30 9/21 - Film IV All in Royal Palm Gardens Dec. 23-1911. (in flower that I see) Film IV. 1 A fine palm in grass and ground. 8:30 14/30 Very bright. 2 Row of palmetto palms, 8:30 14/35 Very Bright, near distance 3 Brany palm forest ground 8:45 14/30 - 25 feet = First tall palm ^ 4 Mariland lacer palms ^ - - 14/40 - 60 - 5 A corner of poinsettia - - - 14/30 - 25^ 6 Acucaria pine - - - 14/35 - 50 - 7 Screw palm = Dory bird, - - - 14/35 - - 25^ 8 A ring of 3 palms. hidden. ^ the 1st dat. palm. 14/45 - 100 feet 9 Gladiolas and Coconuts - - - 9. 16/60 - - out 100 - 10 Alpine cycas (illegible) 9. 16/25 - - 15 feet, dark place = the lily palm 11 A palm like plant in flower - 9:30 14/25 - 10 - 12 A shrub in flower = Lythrum 9:30 14/20 - 10 -

Film V on film 1 [illegible] taken out of drawing box. 2 P.M. 16/30 on 100' 2 Oniami orlita, 20 feb 9/30 3 u u 10 u 9/25 good fern trading} 4 u u 10-u 9/25} Olea Sea cliff 5 Form the higher point land into the ereyflades. 330 11/30 View old ford and picture partly of our value 6 The Ereylade, at Ereylade Bee'r 16/30, 1.15 P.M. Bright. 7 Central Supply works ohmng mail dig. arms 16/30 2 P.M. Brigh 8 The elevators and reef, key to access 7 feet 8 in. G.N. 8/30 Right 9 Palm rosetation. Island arm 100 feet 11/30 E.S. 10 [illegible] u 9 11/30 11 Line of elevators up direct sea to shore entrance 16/30 11 A.M. 6 foot. 12 Should add cut of Anchor Film VI 1 The Long key Beach. Landing E. 100 ft. 16/30 2.30 P.M. Bright. 2 Same further east. 3 Cancho at left 11/30 3.45 Right. 4 Sarfoursome on lancelle 4, 8/30- At 5 far Clouded. 5-6-7 Alligators at H. Augustino 2.30 P.M. 15 feet 9/30 9/30 8/30 8-9 Island dunes u 2.30 o 150 u 11/30 On Anastasia fan 10 Old Fork Crevasse cave, Gums hidden, 20 feet, 11/30 10 A.M. 11 " " live oysters 30 feet 10 A.M. 11/30 Light clouds 12 u u cedar 75 feet u 11/30

VII th Augustre. 1. Goals in party house 20 feet. 11/35 - 10.15 A.M. Clouded 16/25 .. 2-3 Orguing cliffs at 100 feet 11/40 11.45 Good Light .. 4-5 Dune Downs, and then 11/70 12.00 " " 100 ft. . 6 The Shore Beach of 6 feet 5/80 . 7 The Drive-less station coast 16/30 Clouded.

December 16-1911. Saturday Started this morning at 8 for New York City and at 12.38 from the Penn. R.R. Station direct for Jacksonville Florida, Arrived at Washington at 6.10 and left at 6.30 P.M. Rained all day. Distance from New Haven to Jacksonville is about 1165 miles. Sunday. December 17-19.11. at 8 (Camden D.C.) A cloudy Sunday morning among the stunted cotton fields. The vegetation is as dead here as in the north. The young forest where it still stands consists of oaks and long needle pines. The soil is sandy and so far as I can be made out from the cores minerals in the Potomac formation. It is the yellowish or variegated red or reddish clays and sands, overlain in places by the Loafazette. I see no lime-stone nodules. In any event it is a continental deposit. The upper layers of it have given a deep orangey red ejects smattering. The country is undulating, the farms poor and nearly all the houses small and of the poorest kind. This is to the north of Camden. Corn and cotton the chief products. One sees almost

covered by the remains of the once glorious pine forest. Today even the gray haze can vanish, through the Turbentine and Naval industry. I don't if the land is so full above the sea. Every man and there are marsh conditions and more constantly over it is a open cotta filled with saw grass. The rivers (Mr Everett) are not depressed over just below the general level of the adjacent land and are thick and mud of a yellow color. In the higher parts of the swamp one can see the pine growing beside small cypress trees, in other woods the upland pines beside [illegible] palms - like palms on the swamp flora. The palmetto is more abundant and well developed in the swamp banks but above occur in the standing cotta. In the small isolated swamp areas of 25 to 100 foot corns in the pine forests one sees such areas now very taken up by the young cypress growing along there. This is close to Everett. So one constantly sees how the upland flora adjacent to the swamp flora. Here also the palmetto are large and more developed, some 10 to 12 feet tall and numerous. Beside them just south of Everett I saw the first tree palms about 20-35 feet tall with their leafy tips. The trunk is almost

It is planted mostly in Jacksonville Fla. 8 to 12 miles thick, they grow in the swamp ground, Curiously I see no ground ferns, nor ferns of any kind. I now see that the palms are not all are restricted to the swamp land but grow right in the midst of the pines and the hard wood trees. It is a curious mixture and reminds me of what I saw in Mexico at an elevation of 2000 feet south of Vera Cruz. This combination may be seen to good advantage at the railroad junction at Thalomon's. (not the long needle pine) The pine forests, the marsh scenery and the open vistas in the marsh remind me very much of Harpers Florida pictures. See some of them. Another large stream at Broad Town, S.C., on the north side a mile per saw from small vista, It is now a dry distance to the north of Broad- town and south of the latter since we have seen the palms. The palmetto are everywhere present. As we get near Jacksonville the land becomes greener and there is far less dried out grass. Of course only the pine and evergreen hard woods are in leaf, bet there may grow from trees devoid of all leaves. This land is not one so far above the waters, and the

Monday Dec 18-1911. First ordered around town to see the plants set out in part of the houses, Palms are to be seen in many places that are dug up in the forest and then set of in town. Most of them bear the transplanting trace but many are also dead. One also sees many cycales (Cycas aertuta?) and one in front of the courthouse was finely in fruit. A peculiar cone like cerus surrounded by leaflets that bore small red flowers in nut cases. The entire cetera was about 16 to 18 inches across. One once bark in Palm. Now elsewhere two large shrubs in blossom bearing a red jelly like flower. The commonest flowers were those blood-red headed cane-like plants with tiny composite little flowers in the center. The cellar digging reveal in places a fine white sand but more commonly a yellowish or greenish sand. In one place at the very top occurred a layer from 2 to 4 inches thick made of of oyster and other shells. At 10 o'clock started on the railway for Mayport which is at the mouth of the St Johns River, 26 miles northeast of Jacksonville. As usual the land in as

flat as a table with here and there shallow depressin justly formerly water ways in the salt marshes. One goes through the young pine forest but on getting near the sea shore, at Palos Beach, the palms begin to appear. They occupy the entire sea regions and the dunes along the border. In no place is there any accumulations of peat, not even in the shallow swamps. Where the ground is cut by the railway there is a thin humus layer, in nearly all cases but several inches thick. Then comes the white fine grained quartz sand seen on the beach of the sea. Where the railways has dry drainage ditches then may be an argilous layer of a few inches (or it is about) up to at least three feet seen. This lies beneath the white beach sand of several foot thickness. This silice layer is very local in character and is all drifted material. It consists almost entirely of silica with an occasional day Fulgur. The material is round broken and the edges rounded. The contact at the top with the sand is irregular and if an old rail bank might give one the impression of a time interval between them. At Grayforks there is a wide once or less salt water marsh through which the St. John's river flows

to the sea. The water is here dark fog water, a light brown and carries no yellow mud as did the streams seen yesterday. On all the piles we saw small oysters from high tide line down. On one removed pile lying in the grass I saw large sponges, Ostrea, barnacles, Canadirla byssina and hydroids. A jelly-fish in the head was larger than any specimen I had seen before and could easily make a good cast in fine age or fine sand. The fauna is a back-ash-water one tending to be nearly normally marine. Dotted along the sea beach for at least 3 miles to Atlantic Beach. It is a very smooth slightly white head of pure quartz sand with con- siderable shell material, enters it in small fragments. It slopes gradually into the sea rigid rolls in as heathers for 10 or 20 feet across. The heathers are from 18 to 36 inches high. The shells are again out [or any oysters] many tirables and sand-dollars. all small Fulgur, Notica The can't is good and it is probable that all the forms are living in the sand and are removed by the - think that - tides out of the sand. slight. Small living tirables and Notica are abundant in the upper tide level. In places then are fragments of small shells or fragments

I them. The shells are so plentiful that a geologist could find in the fine gravel one in every 3 to 4 square miles. I think. However, and hollow ones are all in certain forms, and as a rule are single valves. Ripple marks are common along the upper crust level and are parallel with the coast. To day there is a strong northeaster wind and in places where the crust stands back of little barriers there made cross traverse crease transverse series are 2 sets of ripples, one by the sea and another by the wind driving the water along as if in a stream. On the higher part of the beach where the sand is dry all was in motion being driven along by the high wind. When the wind is transvers to the brook it piles it up in the dunes which here are rarely once than 20 feet high, and on their sea edge palms are growing and the gust storms are growing into the dunes. In Pass there one vertical cliff nearly ten feet high but as a rule the cliffs are not more than 2 foot. These cliffs are ventoil and are decidedly irregularly loded in any straight or wavy or irregular bands interwoven with floor bands, and quite different from the coral bedding beds.

to the sea and which one sees or meets in marine Paleyric sandstones. In this dune sand there are no shells except on the outer sea-side. Traces of palms, red-jacks and palm trees are common, where they are from off of the strong seas. The dunes from the sun here everyday as far as I could see. And land one occasionally sees the remnants of older dunes but as rule they are almost and all the land is flatened out. The grain of the beach sand is very fine, are a transparent quartz. The grains are very irregular in shape and while the edges are rounded there is also much crystalline fracture. There are also fine grains of a round nature that I take the comminuted pieces of shells. In amount this will vary from place to place. On the beach there are many circular elevations made by some turtles digging down to the water level and throng of the column of sand. Others made critical sized grooves ranging 2 to 3 miles long at one end of which lay the turtles. A flatina shell an inch in diameter will make a pile of crescentic markings of to 2 1/2 miles across. I dug up a number, the

sand rips are like this. The layers are at rest up right each in middle. Outside of Hialeas, Fulger, Notice and Sand- dollars me sees almost nothing otherwise on the beach. I saw only one piece of crab. It is the same living fauna - buried in the sand - that me sees here! The 60 feet depth line is here near 25 miles off shore and it is justifiable that the sand fauna goes out from shore several miles. The just amount of sand in northern Florida must come from the streams south of St. Augustine. All of these streams are loaded with fine sand derived from the Oreognic deposits and as much from some of the Tertiary knights. The southerly winds plus the return current flows south along the shore of Florida transport it farther and farther south. In the salt marshes I did not go, in one place I saw the mud crabs with (Cassia) smily trinitata. Where the saw grass arounds the crab is full of holes hollowed there of crabs.

Tuesday Dec 19 - 1911. Took the Riverside car from Ortega across the St. Johns river and some miles down the river from Jacksonville. This is where the County and San and Rod Clubs are situated. Just over the St. Johns river may be seen some fine "Holly" trees and which I photographed. In the woods there is also a Hue-shell artifacts lying. In the sand lying around saw a few marine fossils but nothing to indicate any great antiquity. From the bridge on the St. John's one gets a distant view of Jacksonville. The water has been to be the dead hog waters and attempt about 22 miles up from the mouth of the river the shells showed plenty of barnacles though small. Many oyster shell heaps are also seen but all of these are lighter than the "far" 22 miles down the river which is at the sea point. There also I saw heaps of gastropods used as road metal. Have some specimens. They are also larger from the mouth of the river. Thought I saw some unio among these gastropods.

"The morning was bright and replete with sun- shine but at noon all was calm, warm and looks like gain for tonight. Wherever one goes and sees some of sand fresh turned up one always finds fragments of shells indicating that all of these sands are and if margum or something, marine but consolidated. Sands in the gulf of Atlantic City, New Jersey I saw hardly any broken fragments. In the afternoon walked around and out most in Main St. in which is located the oyster mills. He an avenue on it a good way down the center lived with Johns. The impression is fine. Then crossed on the St. John's to the ferry to South Jacksonville. Was told the difference only between the tides is 18 inches. All of the spils showed farnacles and tereds but saw no oysters attached. There is probably little otherwise of the marine life here. "to St. Johns" Jacksonville is very alive to every opportunity. Everyone is alert to trade and on the make. They are a hopeful promising lot of gold filled teeth people. They talk of heights and far lands and the difference in money are cases for than so far. In all Florida there are 750,000 people and

Jacksonville is the largest town with 65,000. The merchants are all getters and there is almost no manufacturing of any kind. Saw a friendly hot or flour mill. Lots of automobiles here that will take you for the railway to the hotel for 2 or done Main street for 5 cents a piece. I see nothing original among the people, the land is too new for this. They are in the first stages, building an empire, homes and factories, polite to a degree, but apparently not workers. They like to stand around, talk smoke n' chew, talk of what is coming but in general the negro cannot do the real work. The farming consists only of stable things but rather fruits and garden truck that is sold north. I understand they grow them so with regular stuff lettuce, tomatoes, cucum- bars, strawberries, potatoes etc. Apparently little green n hay is raised but is bought in here and sold in very small lots in a green condition. Not like my mother's day. Again all afternoon. The city water supply of Jacksonville is artesian and comes from a depth of about 100 feet. As

the pressure is said not to reach higher than the second floor if the building near wells are the driven to a depth of 650 feet.

Wednesday Dec 20 - 1911. Left Jacksonville for Miami at 9.30 A.M. Raining hard as I left and will rain all day. The country all the morning is again as flat as a table and the front is of pines. Saw a little of lakes except near St Augustine. The ground of these pine lands is a white loose sand and there is no humus layer. The landscape is monstrous and never is it broken by farm lands. What one sees most often is a turpentine-nosum still with a half dozen negro shacks of the smallest kind. One hardly sees here the promise of a pink future Florida. In the pine lands, the front floor is more a low covey with stunted palmettos. At 85 miles south of Jacksonville one sees a few farms in the small marsh beside the rail-road track. There also butter-cups are in blossom. Occasionally one sees dry and low swells that date to be flattened sand dunes. at Ommel As one gets farther south, and near the shore one sees gentle rises inland as if of sea terraces. Of course there are no cliffs. On these grow the

pine fruits, in between and transverse to the terraces occur more or less extensive pine swamps, Along their margins are thickets of palm that become occultant on the higher land in the pine groves. At Daytona it is as warm as a southern sultry June day. The station is lined with carriage repairers and hotel solicitors out one if whom is allowed to say a word. They snap their fingers at you, or hold the index finger up in a beckoning way, or hold up a sign to the effect that they will and take you to your hotel in an automobile. They say this ardent innovation is the law of the railway company and actively supported by the local community. The grocers are in summer clothing and the usual summer hotel lot it is. At a station little further south from Daytona there is a road going inland and on which one can plainly see a number of depressed terraces. There is a little flat and a huge slope, and this is repeated a number of times. Orange trees are now even very new and the but there are no orchards there one from the train.

Between Oak Hill and Lgruta nearly all the land is swamp replete with palms. The mayor are occupied by the palms and then one islands of palms. On the higher land again the forses occupy the land. These swamps do not seem to be salt water muskes but lack drainage. Wherein the ground a thorn of appears the white sand. Just how much oleomeros material there is in it I do not know. Near City Point and Crossa me again se much white sand at the surface that below is a light yall mist. It was so clear much farther north. The tenaros at times are here more distinct than those seen this morning. I examined the sand Rockledge and found it a glue quartz sand coarse and less rounded than at Joddenville. mid for distant rumbling of thunder St. Morus and lightning, all the afternoon, Got to Miami at 12.30. Should have arrived at 11.50. At one time we were an hour late. Stopping at the San Carlos Hotel.

"Miami, Florida Thursday Dec 21 911. Long before I got up in fact with day break it was very evident that I had suddenly arrived in the compared midst middle of the summer in there. At nine A M. the thermometer is 82° in the shade. It is hot and depre- sing and there is little life giving strength to the air. The natives are also hot and stir but little, The towns and people look like one of our cheap northern summer resorts. Everyone has just arrived and in fact no one Miami can be here more than mine years. Coconut palms are to be seen everywhere and many of them have half grown nuts. They are a fine sight among them only long and thread leaves in the air. All of them start out curved from the ground and but for stand straight. Of Royal palms one also sees some. Among the houses one sees other palms than those in northern Florida though there is one here very now and then. Cypads are also common. Poinsettia is in full bloom and the bushes are 6 to 6 feet tall and all aflame. Our northern garden specimens are but a shadow of these down here. There are other shrubs in blossom and the roses, rather large stalks, are in flower but the blossoms do not look good. They are evidently only place here.

A number of substantial houses here are built of the Miami rubble. It is a very soft coral lime. If holes of various sizes, some round rocks across that gardens under the creation. Of course it will not stand erect in the course of time. It's a genuine rubble with some small tumbled - evidently small animals as one sees generally in rubbles. The joins somewhat are cemented to me another by carbonate of lime and the limes are probably produced through the penetrating matros. On the buildings it is probable that such cementation takes place, and that in the course of time the stone will become more a hom

on shore. On the sand spilling at Miami our barnacles and oysters. The mouth of Miami river is just to the south of the great railroad hotel and while it undoubtedly freshens the bay water its primary does act as a dry moat. In going across the water was seen tide quite clear and in its flats much grass that I take to be eel-like grass. On the eastern side of the bay one sees lying on the bottom many dead shells, and my long opinion round echinids. The spines seemed to be in places 3 inches long. Here and there patches of sea weeds and many small crabs around. It is a quiet water devoid of marked currents. The eastern strip of land appears to me to be nothing once than a sand drift thrown up by the trans elevation of injury not once than 6 feet. I saw no dunes, and the land is therefore at best 6 feet above the sea. The sand is rather coarse graind, slightly yellowish which under the present close shows to be largely made of shell fragments all rounded and highly polished! My little if it is comminuted ends. Though I saw some fragmentary and solid cylindrical animal rods that maybe spines of echini. There is also considerable of gritty sand. As me got to the actual sea shore the not

sand is seen to be more than half made of quartz sand, The yellowish blue sand may be seen far ther up the beach and is evidently sorted out by the waves due to specific gravity differences. There are therefore gross layers of some blue pebbles that tocally form one into eraser material having entire but hard room shells. These are interspersed with layers of decidedly arenaceous character. When consolidated all will be an impure limestone and some limestone greens interspersed with outer room shells and fragments of sand. At the highest strand lines, those of storms, one finds windrows of sea weeds and many dumps of of at least 3 species. Raw or commercial oranges. Lazy canals also occur here all eaten by Clionia and in the inside reflects with worm tubes and Spirula, Rarely one sees fragments of large heart anchoring and I profiles of me Spirula! Attached to coral one sees many force meat barnacles. Iaw no jelly fish. The outer side of the long sand spit has many eraser nut palms and other plants while the inner side is lined with mangrove that has grown out

into the sea water considerable, or that from land appears to turn by the water. This is a dense jungle and thins elsewhere and then grow large larger trees. In among these mangroves crayfish of jigger size may be seen and some higher considerably than any tide line. They are as large here than at Key Haven. There has been dug a channel through the spit so that the fishermen of Miami may go directly to the fishing banks, and not the long useless trip around Cape Florida. Both shores are lined with coast swell breaks for 50m the north as it is a grass. On these rocks some seen tamarack, patelot spiderfords and thorn with an epiced withronal ferny, and 2 species of dark leopard marked coiled ferns. As stated but 1/2 days on the head did not learn as much as dwell at an other time. Met one of the young construction engineers of the F. E. C. Railway at the San Carlos Hotel by the name of R. B. Jseley (Permanent Addams

Burlington, N. C. Temporary Rad. Key Dist. Fla. Learned much in regard to the construction and between Knights Key and Key West. Asked him in regard to the depth of the soft sand between the Keys. She told me that they have dredged of fret quantities out of which is made the real red. It is put in 2 foot deep courses and given left for 2 weeks to settle, and it is also placed over the rock turtle [illegible] and gets as hard as rock. And if the sand was taken up in Kemp's Channel where it comes in thicknesses from 6 to 15 feet, and no hard bottoms ever struck. Depth of water on the sand here 6 to 8 feet. To the west of Boca Chica in the channel to the mouth the Channel Keys the sand is from 8 to 10- fathoms thick. To the north of Bird Key locally the sand is soft for go fath. To this depth piles have been driven. Thought to be a "soft hole". To the east of the Daddle Branch Keys and to the west of Shell Key locally there is soft mud down to 60 feet. Piles driven to this depth.

In the Sugar Loaf Keys just to the south of the Buthwood Key a great deal of prob bosc struck are the Trail tree tuith of it. At times it was under 1 foot of salt water! Then and the boat is Hae'll but dry under the creather it is brown. Jley could not tell me how thick the prob ted in most of which it is empaled. He did mention Mangroves or that these trees may have had to do with this accumulation. In the channel to the east of the Sugar Loaf keys the snail here for a mile in length and 600 feet in width has a depth of from 6 to 18 feet It is in the Sugar Loaf keys that sponges are now prepared. Plates are taken on which vertical worms are inserted and on these worms are placed pieces of the sponge. A sponge may be cut up into 30 pieces, and it is these pieces that form the entire sponge. An Englishman is planting these tubs here. In one year the sponge had grown to a length of 3 miles and it is thought that in 3 years the sponge will have matured. In general the snail is but 1 or 2 feet thick

down to land and rock. I cannot make out whether the hard area encountered in the solidified mud is whether it is an old rock bottom or if the mud has accumulated. Isley also told one that he was stung four times on the upper right arm by a scorpion. A shirt had been left hanging for some weeks which he put on rather hurriedly and so avoided the scorpion. The sting is far more painful than that of hornet. He applied some preparation which removed the pain in about a half hour but his arm and shoulder was somewhat stiff for more than one week. Ordinary mark Hurry is a good remedy applied in bandages. Isley also told one that when marine taps are closed off by dams, [the railways] that are the fish are seen to die off. Evidently the local water circulation destroys the normal food supply and changes the chemical nature of the water. Alligators are not often seen among the keys. Isley said he has seen four in the salt marshes. Isley knows of no dunes in the southern outer keys. Coral sand seems not to pile up in dunes.

"or hurricanes" The great storms of the Gulf and Keys come each year in October "with the full moon." In 1910 the wind is said to have run 110 miles per hour at Key West. The motion of the wind is notatory and the vortex rises over the Keys or that daily at some times during the storm, stored in a crust up to his arm pits. A return change of wind are nature takes on an orange color. The entire camp was near the drowning point. Many vessels are wrecked and sailing craft is thrown into the most unimaginable places. One ship was saved by heaving out a small channel for a half mile, another had a channel dugged through the sand for nearly a mile. It requires these storms that once tore the future of the railway. Flagler, the builder and owner of the rail- way looks for his return in the frighting of the perishable things as tropical fruits. They expect the ships of Cuba, Central America and later of North America when the Panama canal is built, to unload here at Key West. In this event, Key West is destined to be one of the great shipping ports of the world. It is the great north that cannot be fed and that must cloth.

the southern people. Long Key Fishing Camp. (Brod) Marathon (pron). On H. Shore of Big Racear. Bets Mate comes and get man with motor plan.

{ "text": "\"Miami Friday Dec 22-1911.\nStarted in Ocean Reef again this morning, saw\na number of shendel and a few floating Physalia,\nThe swim Hadder stands almost 1/2 the water with the\nfluted cust on a long uperment while delus hang the\npolypes and the long streams lay to 18 inches long. The\nskin of the Hadder is a delicate light and transparent\nblue while the polypes are slightly purplish blue. The\nHadder is considerably annicular as those in the\nsame shore, proves by turning one when I teased\nthem. The largest ones seen other about 4 inches\nlong.\n\nThe winds in the Keys region today tells one are\nprevailing from the south-east. This may or me can\nunderstand why the keys have a north-western trend\nas the sort of the waves is found to throw off the\ntidals onto the beach in the manner of the keys. The\nnorth western keys have their long axes, east and west\nwhile the south-western keys have their trends almost\nand south. The latter condition must be due to the\ntidal currents flowing in and out here.\n\nThe tides average in the keys about 28 inches.\nIn the afternoon took in the trip of the Miami\"} ``` `)}` }` )}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` `)}` [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

river to the Everglades. This river is less than four miles to the head of the lake line and even on the last mile and one half has been dug by the dredges. As far as the original stream goes both shores are seen to be lined by small mangroves. Evidently the shrub does not do so well here as in the normal marine states. It was interesting to see the aerial stems growing down ward to the water to make stem supports and racemes for transportation. Usually the lower tip is rounded but some were seen with slight nubs. They are as straight as canes and smooth but the old anchored ones have the bark creased and scaled as the true branches. I saw one very large alligator lying in among the mangroves. Visited Aligeta Joe's alligator farm. Joe is a tall very fat man rather in the circus business than in the business of raising alligators. He has practically a thousand baby alligators that are very active on their legs or in the water swimming in a suspicious manner. These little fellows were testing for food having a growling grunts mild cry. On the farm he had three large ones and

many smaller half grown alligators. Joe poled the largest one with a pole and made him his and quiet. The his was that of escaping steam followed by grunt. He fed two with rather large sections of fish. They are lazy eaters holding the fish a while in the mouth, then another meal and so on at once than 6 times when the food is small meal while. If they were chased a man to pieces it must have been slow job not much better than done by turtles. Took 4 crop shots, the first of which is out of focus. We then visited the Opa-Locka Fruit Farm a most interesting place to see tropical fruits and tropical plants. Many Royal Palms were but some were particularly large. Had some Date Palms. Took a number of pictures here. We then entered the canal portion for the Ever- glades. It is dug through the Miami oolite and the material piled up on each side, the partly crushed is now being used in Miami for road making. About four feet of the oolite can be seen above the water though not one streak of chalk but only black soil. Saw no peat. In places the oolite is decidedly over bedded

with the d[illegible] as a rule trending inland. The majority of the material in [illegible] has been bedded, does this even bedding mean that it was created inland by the sea? It is a very common rock and only holds a just deal of water, and the drift spots are probably due to percolating waters. Finally we came upon a dam about ten feet higher than the water in the canal. Looking on the dam we saw the higher level canal continuing on for miles through the tree swamps. Again the country is as flat as a table and water stands in many places. The scene is one of tall grass, saw grass with here and there islands of pine. I saw a few small houses but evidently all in wild areas still from only from Miami. The water in the river proper is practically an estuary of the bay while beyond the face line all is fresh water.

December 23d, 1911, Miami. A bright sunny morning with very little wind stirring. But at the start at 8 A.M. to see if I could get a launch in Cafe Florida, Soldine Key and Forsey Keys 10 mile south east of Miami. Could have had a boat all day for $8.00 seemingly with 2 men. This seemed to me too much money and as the day promises to be very hot concluded to wait until any visit to the end of the railway line. Then spent 90 minutes in the Royal Palm Hotel Garden looking at and photographing the more character- istic plants, took 12 pictures. There are many plants in Florida taken rare that the immature palms are shady. The Poinsettia and Hydrangea pink was taken the prize. If my pictures turn out they will have an interesting series of tropical plant pictures. In the afternoon had a buggy for 3 hours and drove to Coconut Grove and then back inland through the pine forest. Drove about 12 miles. First crossed on the Miami River and then along the Jungle Road to Coconut Grove or 4 miles along the edge of Biscayne Bay. At first one goes through the

clearing of the mangrove swamp and in one of these clearings still a picture of the tree on stilts. There was considerable swamp mud that had been turned up by the plough but there was no true peat formation. I don't if there was 3 feet of any other muck soil. In general it was lime for the whole stretch of. The jungle road is an interesting drive to see the sea margin swamps from a simple and get a tremendous plant life. Many vines and creeper of the plants have thick creeping leaves. After getting about 2 miles south of Miami we clear had distinct evidence of an abandoned sea tuna. The swamp facing the sea had a width of jungle not exceeding 1000 to 1500 feet and more of it was than one fifth foot above the bay level. Then came a vertical cliff, and hidden by the Miami rail line ex- tending to the yacht Club House. This quarried into in several places and marble in it more than 10 feet high. Above is a slightly rising land for probably another foot. All of the land above the jungle swamp is covered with the "southern pine" and some stunted palm, palm trees with a species of cycads. The local cycads name in the area is "Rumpathy" and stands a said

"The made out of them, many of the crabs have lead eyes. I saw more of the large geos resoluta. This pine land is almost devoid of soil and after the forest is cleaned the larger pieces of the solite are taken to the sides of the field and stone walls are made of them. For orchards this ground does well enough but garden tending in it is rather dark work and I saw such farmers tilling only by races. The pine land is slightly undulatory and a few miles in width after the higher lands drop away rather quickly into the Everglades. The difference did not seem to me more than 5 feet. All is then low green with islands of pine. The Miami solite is a very soft rock and freely quarried is easily crushed. For this reason it would not be hard to make a soil and is used everywhere to make the roads. Under the road roller and the warm rains makes a smooth white slurry in the sun and that soon develops short chippy holes that are known easily repaired. The Miami solite even today is considerably eroded tended and in places is very decidedly so but I

"don't if one there's it is decidedly cross bedded, in many places the bedding is crumula- tree. Again the only fruits down are small potatoes. Took 3 pictures to show the cross- bedding. A northern man by the name of Lawrence has a track of land facing the Oniami river and the runs south for a mile or more. Has great fruit orchards. One of this acres is very hand- some being lined with the Australian pine. And many orchards of napes but mainly of grape fruit, a grove of the orange in the shadduck. In general these orchards are not well kept and in places are small with weeds. Other orchards are well kept and the result is fine. However the most showy and picturesque farm is the Onusa Isle farm seen yesterday. The farms of Dronglan and Lejeune are amongst the best.

Sunday Dec 24-1911. Miami, Crossed again Biscayne Bay to Ocean Beach and Collected a number of small shells near the opening through the Peninsular. Found a heart within and King Conch, the latter from Nassau in the Bahamas. Biscayne bay is not at all of dark water as stated by Agassiz. On the peninsula side the water is as clear as the ocean but on the Florida side the water is somewhat darker but it is by no means bogy water. On the Florida side one notes not only barnacles and oysters on the pier, but on the ground one sees nearly a Fucus and often many dead hirabers indicating that considerable life is buried in the calcareous mud bottom. The mud on the Florida is a very small and is essentially quartz sand. The bottom of the bay so far as I can see it is calcareous ground. Then too the color of the water is dependent upon what grows on the bottom, When there are plants the water takes on a dark color and one can see those patches among the lighter colored waters where the bottom is white sand. As one goes across it is seen that the bay is very shallow and that many horseshoe crabs have come to

"to near the surface In the evening walked along the beach at low tide in front of the Royal Palm grounds and was surprised to see myriads of dead shells of omay and oyster. Evidently there is more life in Biscayne Bay than is ordinarily assumed. There are one or many of these as to make a thick band of erguina in a calcareous mud. The quarries along the F. E. C. Railway and the cuts faced of Miami all show more of less distinct, a solution channels. Most of these are less than two foot deep but occasionally we see one penetrating below the ground. Evidently considerable water percolates down through the Miami oolite.

Monday Dec. 25 Miami. Was to leave at 7 this morning for Knights Key but at six the hotel people told me the train was 4 1/2 hours late. The days are now are perfect but warm. It is 76° in the shade at 9 A.M. but as the air is free of moisture it feels hotter. The dens are near here and at 8 A.M. the drums after sunrise the gram is still orch. From a little south I Detroit one passes through nothing but Everglades, first then further south I greens grass antelope dwarf mangroves, and islands of large shrubs. No pine here any but hard an oddly developed palm. At the station the water from all the Keys stations is perhaps fresh in city and good as a drink there. Everglades I found a picture trying C.E. The Miami state occurs here and nearly to sawfish. The beach goes for many miles through the coco- mangrove has the periphery and glades and before we got to Knight the land is under the influence of the sea. In me now sees long irregular leads of sea growth. As one sees Florida gradually fading into the sea. Whenever the hard sand is struck it appears to me to be the Miami orlite at least down to Everglade In I could see no change from the car window. The Everglades land lies distinctly lower (due in south Florida about 2-3 feet) than the

The border between Crete and Cyprus is made of palms palm land...it is gradually this lower level that drains the palm lands and holds the water in the Ever- glade. When one gets to inspect the flora, one is that Reg Layo and the rest of the Lago. take on a new appearance. The mangroves anome limited to the quiet sea margins and the salt marshes. All the higher land is occupied by a more or less rank jungle growth of shrubs and innumerable vines among which the morning glow is conspicuous. (according to Agonizato 1740) Reg Layo is distinctly higher than the Crete and one soon begins to see the elevated outcrops replete with large heads of ceras (up to 2 feet across). The railroad has quarries made of this for road bed. From about Central Luffy, the railroad has used great quantities of small dredged up from the shallow areas around the lago. It is a light grayish sticky mud that runs widely when dumped from the tank-like iron cars. But when once hardened will probably stand well. As it works under the air one sees great quantities of shells and smaller fossils (have

a few samples) are common. Osina, Ostarie and Area are common just the same as in Biscayne Bay. Here at Marathon the outer side of the face of the mangroves and in part of the sea is shallow and no trees out in some distance. All around the keys the sea water is milky white out to sea and farthout in Florida Bay, the water is a bright blue- green. This milky color is in places very decided but this is due to the drying of the bottom one in the places due to the sea washing the mud along the sailroad and sand flats. Here at Marathon the mud dries readily and leaves on the surface a coarse cal- careous and among which lie many shells and the Pails. This sand is seen to be en- tirely of organic origin, all of broken shells but meddery they is coated with an amorphous lime layer. This is secondary and formed while in the The live on the Keys it seems to me must be an erodally and thrown up by the depressin gulf area outside. Oganij is undoubtedly

Correct in saying that much leaching and destruction of the sand has been accomplished by the sea for that Florida Bay has been entirely [illegible] formed I do not believe. What I think is more probable is that the land is higher on the Keys, saps in Florida Bay and then gradually, but very slowly rises over the sea into the Everglades. A diagram will be as follows. Keys Florida Bay Everglades Florida Straits Lack of upward movement. A miniature folded mountain range in the first stage of mountain making. Stopping with the Engineer Department of the F.E.C.R.R. at Marathon on Key Bacc[a].

Tuesday December 26th 1911. Marathon, Fla. Walked rest of Marathon on the track for 1/2 miles and collected shells only of small dredger from the sounds and bags about the keys, probably one mile north of Marathon, hardly more than 5 feet above the sea. The elevated coral reef profile is here seen anywhere in Key Biscayne. Great heads of various reefs may be seen in their position of growth in size up to 3 feet across. These are all hemi- pheric heads and one sees no star-borne coral among them. Reefs are exceedingly rare. All of this coral reef is free of solution holes and is undermined by the sea and blocks of 5 foot across and 1 foot thick are thrown upon the shore by the storms. Small islands of it still remain but are being carried away by the solvent action and mechanical action of the sea. It's dark material to walk on. Adjacent in the sea the bottom is full of Halimeda and other calcareous secreting algae. Here and there one sees an actinarian and small head of coral reminding of Orbicella. In this grain there is also Porites as I picked of some.

in the shore. All along the shore stuck to the rocks are the primitive Orllusca Chiton made of of 8 segments. Taking those from the rocks one sees around the edge many very small pall-lips with distinct eyes. These can hardly be the young of this species. Some of these shells attain a length of 3 inches. The animal is deftite with hairs and Pails as the snail theory, with some variety of gastros - forks. Among these as the first material I see saw considerable material of small circular stemmed cleareous algae, Halicoreda and foraminifera. The latter order also seen under the Chitons. Mr. Buteleur "Chief Clerk" at Marathon. He is one of the Engineers, but is one of the main office men. Met Dr. R. Hartkings Marathon Florida and got of him 2 good photos (6 cents) and 10 others photos which he cried and one (8 cents). Left Marathon at 1.10 P.M. for Long Key Fishing Camp where I arrived at 1.54. This small excellent camp is excellently situated at the

western end of Long Key where there is a water way of 2 1/2 miles opened by a great concrete arched trestle across to Grass Key. The air is fine here and from whatever way the wind blows it will be from across the water. There are here a construction camp and some of the houses have been made over. The furnishings are plain but one has all that is necessary in comfort. Later walked east on the southern or the ocean shore for 1 1/2 miles. The head is a cal- careous sand well assorted by the waves and is replete with shells and a vast quantity of Porites. Other crabs are rather rare and require mud boring to get them. Along the head there is an abundance of sea weed in which there is much of the sargasso weed. In this mass of vegetation one sees some Sargassos and occasionally a sponge, Parra for Physalia. Half giant Limulus are also common. At low tide in the pools there were a great abundance of hermits of all signs and clusters of a dog worm seen feeding on some potatoc

like reptiles evidently thrown overboard by the ships. At low tide we see considerable algae of a more delicate kind. The Sargassum and the grass kind evidently grow further out in deep water. A number of crabs are seen. At low tide one gets to see considerable [illegible] elevated coral reef and everywhere the ends are conspicuous in it. At one place I came upon a great number of dead conchs all of which had a great hole broken in on the dorsal side near the last whorl. It would look as if some canings bored into them in this definite place. The shells were not dead dry as they had still the natural color and the outer chitinous layer of the last whorl was still intact. Photographed these. Was introduced to Anthony J Rockhamber on Key Largo as the best man to show the coral reefs. He told me of various good places where the reef came only of waters at low tide. Can keep me at his home. A good looking intelligent man and a fisherman. Has 2 sons.

Long Key Fishing Camp. Wednesday, December 27 - 1911, The nights are cool and breezy at this delight- ful place. After breakfast walked along the northern or Florida Bay side of Long Key. Here the elevated coast reef sticks out much further and about two far [illegible] is exposed. Otherwise the shore is iden- tical and the beach is lined with the same animals only that here the coasts are more abundant and the shells less conspicuous. The vegetation is saw and coconuts and the entire Key is less than 1/2 mile wide. The great storms and hurricanes play havoc here. The water gets on considerable of the Key and carries away all the loose wood- or [illegible] and wrenches the tops of the coconuts until the trunks are crooked when the palm dies during the following summer. A part or any other killed last year and are now fair dry out. Florida bay is full of bars over which the water is so shallow that one from the

small launches can go in them. Between the Keys there are always open channels through which any of the ordinary small craft can go. The coral reefs in part of Key Key are said to extend out for three miles. The coral reef must therefore be not due about 3 miles. At 1. P. M. walked out on the diaduct and was surprised to see the great velocity of the current flloring into Florida Bay. It must be nearly four miles per hour, and other than it was driven an hour 1 full tide. This explains why there are deep channels (12 to 16 feet here) between the Keys and the inner keys. It is also here that the hurricane of two years ago washed out both mail ahoutments. Arrived at Miami at 5.30 and due to slight rain the air is delightful cool here, stopping again at the San Carlos.

"Miami, Florida, Thursday Dec 28-1911. Packed all my Hender and shipped in box by Southern Express. In the afternoon walked 1/2 miles south of Miami along the Jungle Road to see more of the Miami Oolite. Collected a number of small fossils a sand dollar, and pearls, in all at least 7 species. Also saw the filling of a large serpentine circular indentation among humors. These were one of the pavement just before getting to the nine ridge are seem to lie diagonally and are humors at least two feet long and 3/8 inch in diameter. The cross bedding in this pavement is seen to be rippling with rather long ascents and sharp descents. The trend of these ripples is by no means uniform indicating variability of the wind direction. Probably not more than one half of the Miami Oolite is rippled or cross bedded. This oolite is undoubtedly a marine deposit formed behind the coral reef. It now seems to me that the reefs of Big Lagoon represents the reef at its highest while all of the Miami Oolite in the deposits of the shallow back basin of it. On this coast the

bottom of the bay was constantly being shifted and bars being made and removable. Perhaps at no time was the [illegible] more than 20 fts. under water while the outer cups extended from sea level to low depths. The "raised" coral reef wall is then the equivalent of the [illegible] white and represents a time when the sea stood at least as far higher than it does now. This may have been just previous to the glacial period, and during the glacial period Florida came more and more out of the waters as the sea waters came to be more and more deposited as snow in the polar regions. When all of the snow caps are melted [illegible] again be under the sea. This any later crime is then very different from Agassiz's. Agassiz says that the [illegible] white is a wind blown deposit and not created with the fossils left there afterwards.

C.A.J. Cripe, The Rivn Stree, here at Orlami has a number 1 naturist history shops that maybe desirable. His hails ends for one dollar each, five Articulation from 6 inches to 14 inches arms, the smaller ones in 35 cents, large basketed starfishes and Alligators for one dollar for small one out 1.00 for one other 20 inches long. These are mounted and varnished. Has stuffed birds and sea turtles, but the birds are poorly stuffed. Started at 6 P.M. on th Augustine.

St. Augustine, Fla., Dec. 28, Friday. Arrived in time at 7 A.M. Stopped at the fine Aleagan Hotel (room in Cordova). In the morning walked around town and finally out to Barnett Grove where the pines all are there seen, but they are not as fine as those seen some miles north of Jacksonville. In the afternoon took the electric cars for Barnett Beach on Anastasia Island. The only car early in this city. Once again we saw the fine white sand on the beach that when dry is picked up by the wind and piled farther inland to make a ten or twenty foot dune. These dunes are a quarter of mile wide but the dunes are as high as hard any man can put up. Very fine almost like talcum powder, and an odor of chlorate has been surprised to see in these dunes on an occasional marine shell fragment and especially from the sea side. The great storms carry the shells for perhaps 300-500 feet but the wind carries the dry then settled ones such as Oolites, Oolite, and other kinds congregate from still farther and higher of in the dunes. The dune sand is not rounder and makes a singing noise under the foot.

Wading north from South Beach to the Light House me sees another bar forming outside Anastasia. Inside of this bar gradually the molluscs become more and more abundant and finally at the Light House me sees exposed in a Cliff about 8 feet high all of crquina. It is fairly regular stratified through though some irregular bedding but near unconform bedding. The great bulk of the material consists of [illegible] broken and dishevelled open valves of which area is the most abundant. There are narrow layers in which are the valves are really entire though open. These crquina deposits are undoubtedly by local and may be due to particular orates where the molluscs can find unencrusted, and than dead graded once a less abrupt into flat layers with little or no sand ad only lime. Oysters are rare in the Crquida. What I saw was practically unconsolidated, though many [illegible] were lying upon the beach that were somewhat hardened though a little gloomy in juxta on them while others though.

The mollusc fauna is quite different here from that of the Keys. There are species in common, but as we look about the faunas are seen to be quite different in the two regions. This cannot be wholly due to the sand tree in the north and coral in the keys but must be due more to temperature. Then too are the trees and the collections of sea anemones about. The sea and the land is here again clearly separable. The heaters come from the land a quarter or 2 miles out and finally die out on the upper beach. The dunes where cut by the storms show the stratification which is very unlike the cross bedding seen in so many sandstones. The lines are long and sparse, and while there is some cross bedding for about 1/4 distance it is more dominant as it is in a marine bedded sandstone. Some layers are of black sand and this helps are the ones to distinguish the bedding. Much corroded material and leaves seems to be buried in these sands.

"As dunes may have made a marine shore I see no reason why [illegible] and [illegible] corals should not also be flown into ancient dunes. At South Beach there is another so- called Alligator Farm. Snaked there films at them. Was told that one of the large specimens had been in captivity twelve years and in this time had gained 3 inches. The young ones from last August are now about 10 inches long. Can never even so much better than the older individuals at the end of the second year may attain a length of about 24 inches. Marine turtles are said to come up on the shore here in July, August and either June or September to lay their eggs. One was in a tall of water and was very badly regarded by an algae. It was one of the injured alligators.

St. Augustine, Saturday Dec 30 1911. walked around in various places and generally fooled away the day. Saw are this was while being yesterday. Will leave tomorrow morning for Jasannah. Sunday Dec 31 1911. Left St. Augustine at 8.05 A.M. for Jasannah. Arrived on time at 1.30. Stopping at Palaski House a second rate hotel. Bull street in Jasannah is one of the most picturesque streets in all North America, a series of rectangular fountains break up the regularity of Bull street. Beyond the area begin the oldest monuments and the line ends in the Confederate Dead Monument. The fountain in this line of monuments is one of the most pleasing of any fountains I have seen.

At nine o'clock there is already considerable shooting going on, shooting out the old sheen and bringing in a new one. At twelve midnight all of the whistles of the town let off and there's a great noise for at least five minutes. It rained all afternoon.

Savannah Georgia January first 1912. It is still raining this morning and it is somewhat cold. Savannah lies high along the southern bank of the Ogeechee. The height is probably 25 feet while to the north there is a low swampy Ogeechee bottom many miles in width. Under sun-shine Savannah is certainly a good looking southern city. In the center of the town are to be found the first houses and many of these are brick built and commodious. The Palmetto palms are very abundant all throughout the city and except the dirt roads the general appearance here is not different from that of Jacksonville. Boat leaves on the 1:30 P.M. Sea- land Air Line for New York where I should arrive tomorrow at 2:30 P.M.

183. Dec 15 Round trip to Jacksonville Fl. 53.95

3622½ ol

The San Carlos GUS A. MULLER, PROPRIETOR POST OFFICE BOX 668 W. N. URMEY SUCCESSOR TO Miami, Fla. 191 Agassiz thinks the sands are due to the mechanical motion and subtraction of the sea water. The Everglades he regards as a sink or a series of sinks into which the sand has been thrown in the form of dunes and then eroded and subsequently by precipitation at the same time carried to a general level. This sand was derived from the outer coral reefs now elevated in Golden Key and southward to Indian Key. In other words, there was a series of keys back of these reefs or Keys just as there were and they were very filled with the growth of the reefs that developed in those shallow waters in the Atlantic orbit. The cross bedding in the orbits is not so general as Agassiz thought. He would also think the orbits formed under water (36) Bort Key on the elevated reefs the head thorns of echini, sponges, sponges and Horseshoe crabs. A good place to see, Indian Key a good place to see the elevated coral reef. Lower Matecumbe and Fort Bay Largo are other good places to see the elevated reefs. The recent and elevated reefs have a width of about nine miles in the region of Boca Chica and the Marquesas. Elliot Key the elevated reef grows or made up of large canchas. Plantation Key has the elevated coral reef is fast ships. The best places for the elevated reefs are Sand Key, Bahia Honda, Indian Key, Key Largo, Lower Matecumbe, Old Rhodes, Elliot, Ragged and Golden Keys (38).

doc.101

{ "text": "4\n9\nDoc 101\nTHE SUN, SUNDAY, JANUARY 28, 1912.\nH. M. Flagler's\nDream of a sea going railroad to Key West\nmade a reality.\nHENRY M.\nFLAGLER.\nThe Florida East Coast Railway has\nbeen extended to Key West and the\nfirst train to enter the island over a\ncontinuous stretch of steel from the\nnorthern terminus at Jacksonville will\nbe that of the steam locomotive\nHenry M. Flagler Landing Jacksonvillle\nat some today, his private car and\na number of Pullman cars, which\nlarge party of personal friends as his\nway to pull into Key West 205\nmiles south of Jacksonville at 9:20\nthis morning.\nThis train will be followed by the\ncongressional Special, including the\nmembers of Congress from Florida and\nthe committee on Military and Naval\nAffairs, one of the representatives of\nevery foreign nation who has given\ntheir assistance in the laying of the\nrailway. The party will visit the city during\nthe celebration which continues for\nseveral days. The Congressional delega-\ntion will number nearly a hundred.\nMembers of the committee on Military\nand Naval Affairs, including the com-\nmmercial organizations of the nation,\nwill be present. In addition to this,\na large party of prominent citizens of\nKey West and Miami will also be on\nhand to join in paying tribute to\nMr. Flagler's great work.\nIn the advertisement for railroad con-\nstruction and hotel building in Florida,\nMr. Flagler has gone to an extent\nthat is unprecedented, offering a re-\ngalante party of personal friends as his\nway to pull into Key West 205 miles\nsouth of Jacksonville at 9:20 this\nmorning.\nThis train will be followed by the\ncongressional Special, including the\nmembers of Congress from Florida and\nthe committee on Military and Naval\nAffairs, one of the representatives of\nevery foreign nation who has given\ntheir assistance in the laying of the\nrailway. The party will visit the city during\nthe celebration which continues for\nseveral days. The Congressional delega-\ntion will number nearly a hundred.\nMembers of the committee on Military\nand Naval Affairs, including the com-\nmmercial organizations of the nation,\nwill be present. In addition to this,\na large party of prominent citizens of\nKey West and Miami will also be on\nhand to join in paying tribute to\nMr. Flagler's great work.\nIn the advertisement for railroad con-\nstruction and hotel building in Florida,\nMr. Flagler has gone to an extent\nthat is unprecedented, offering a re-\ngalante party of personal friends as his\nway to pull into Key West 205 miles\nsouth of Jacksonville at 9:20 this\nmorning.\nThis train will be followed by the\ncongressional Special, including the\nmembers of Congress from Florida and\nthe committee on Military and Naval\nAffairs, one of the representatives of\nevery foreign nation who has given\ntheir assistance in the laying of the\nrailway. The party will visit the city during\nthe celebration which continues for\nseveral days. The Congressional delega-\ntion will number nearly a hundred.\nMembers of the committee on Military\nand Naval Affairs, including the com-\nmmercial organizations of the nation,\nwill be present. In addition to this,\na large party of prominent citizens of\nKey West and Miami will also be on\nhand to join in paying tribute to\nMr. Flagler's great work.\nIn the advertisement for railroad con-\nstruction and hotel building in Florida,\nMr. Flagler has gone to an extent\nthat is unprecedented, offering a re-\ngalante party of personal friends as his\nway to pull into Key West 205 miles\nsouth of Jacksonville at 9:20 this\nmorning.\nThis train will be followed by the\ncongressional Special, including the\nmembers of Congress from Florida and\nthe committee on Military and Naval\nAffairs, one of the representatives of\nevery foreign nation who has given\ntheir assistance in the laying of the\nrailway. The party will visit the city during\nthe celebration which continues for\nseveral days. The Congressional delega-\ntion will number nearly a hundred.\nMembers of the committee on Military\nand Naval Affairs, including the com-\nmmercial organizations of the nation,\nwill be present. In addition to this,\na large party of prominent citizens of\nKey West and Miami will also be on\nhand to join in paying tribute to\nMr. Flagler's great work.\nIn the advertisement for railroad con-\nstruction and hotel building in Florida,\nMr. Flagler has gone to an extent\nthat is unprecedented, offering a re-\ngalante party of personal friends as his\nway to pull into Key West 205 miles\nsouth of Jacksonville at 9:20 this\nmorning.\nThis train will be followed by the\ncongressional Special, including the\nmembers of Congress from Florida and\nthe committee on Military and Naval\nAffairs, one of the representatives of\nevery foreign nation who has given\ntheir assistance in the laying of the\nrailway. The party will visit the city during\nthe celebration which continues for\nseveral days. The Congressional delega-\ [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

{ "text": "HE TURKEY TROT AND ITS\nJust What the Dance Is, Its Progress to New York and a Variety of Opinions Concerning It.\nTHE SUN. SUNDAY,\nJANUARY 21, 1912.\nWORLD CONQUERING MARCH\n\nRide, skip, leap on a slide.\nGlide, glide into a glide.\nBop to the tune you play it easy.\n\nTake your arms off.\nAnd if you find them,\nOh, then what are they good for?\n\nOn the spring of that rock your\nshoulders and drag your legs in two-\ntime time and you've got a A B C\nof the Turkey Trot. But never, never\ntake your feet from the floor. If you\ndo let them down as all great trot\nteachers agree. That bunching of the\nshoulders is the essential thing.\nThat must be held out from hips to\nwaist.\n\nConsidered strictly on its merits there\nis nothing that is objectionable in the\nTurkey Trot or its little sisters,\nthe Bunny Hump, the Crabber Glide,\nthe Fracally Crawl and the Tango. But\nas George Marston, the stage producer,\nsays \"What later years out to the best\nof it is dancing all of them at the same\ntime.\" Which is as much as saying that cool spirits can only\nproduce good music.\n\nBut the town is suffering with an\nunfavorable comment that the same\nTurkey Trot or its little sisters,\nthe Bunny Hump, the Crabber Glide,\nthe Fracally Crawl and the Tango. But\nas George Marston, the stage producer,\nsays \"What later years out to the best\nof it is dancing all of them at the same\ntime.\" Which is as much as saying that cool spirits can only\nproduce good music.\n\nA trouble with the Turkey is the\nfact of his origin. If anyone from\nthe latest era, the smoke-stinging,\nbeach-shaded San Franciscoers who\nworked their voices against the \"wall\ncrasher,\" will say that the turkey\nis not a native bird, but a foreigner.\n\nHow and where you find people are\nnot necessarily because they aren't\nas good as those who are. Take\nGeorge Marston and his \"Turkey Trot\"\nand \"Bunny Hump\" and see how they\ncan make them popular in the turkey\nand say that the best of it is\n\nWhat Marston, the Russian dancer,\nsays about the dance is that it is not\npart of his origin. If anyone from\nthe latest era, the smoke-stinging,\nbeach-shaded San Franciscoers who\nworked their voices against the \"wall\ncrasher,\" will say that the turkey\nis not a native bird, but a foreigner.\n\nAnother cause of objection to the\nTurkey Trot is that it has been made\ninto a dance. And this is what George\nMarston and his \"Turkey Trot\"\nand \"Bunny Hump\" and see how they\ncan make them popular in the turkey\nand say that the best of it is\n\nGeorge Marston, the Russian dancer,\nsays about the dance is that it is not\npart of his origin. If anyone from\nthe latest era, the smoke-stinging,\nbeach-shaded San Franciscoers who\nworked their voices against the \"wall\ncrasher,\" will say that the turkey\nis not a native bird, but a foreigner.\n\nAnother cause of objection to the\nTurkey Trot is that it has been made\ninto a dance. And this is what George\nMarston and his \"Turkey Trot\"\nand \"Bunny Hump\" and see how they\ncan make them popular in the turkey\nand say that the best of it is\n\nThe Turkey Trot is not part of his origin. If anyone from\nthe latest era, the smoke-stinging,\nbeach-shaded San Franciscoers who\nworked their voices against the \"wall\ncrasher,\" will say that the turkey\nis not a native bird, but a foreigner.\n\nAnother cause of objection to the\nTurkey Trot is that it has been made\ninto a dance. And this is what George\nMarston and his \"Turkey Trot\"\nand \"Bunny Hump\" and see how they\ncan make them popular in the turkey\nand say that the best of it is\n\nThe Turkey Trot is not part of his origin. If anyone from\nthe latest era, the smoke-stinging,\nbeach-shaded San Franciscoers who\nworked their voices against the \"wall\ncrasher,\" will say that the turkey\nis not a native bird, but a foreigner.\n\nAnother cause of objection to the\nTurkey Trot is that it has been made\ninto a dance. And this is what George\nMarston and his \"Turkey Trot\"\nand \"Bunny Hump\" and see how they\ncan make them popular in the turkey\nand say that the best of it is\n\nThe Turkey Trot is not part of his origin. If anyone from\nthe latest era, the smoke-stinging,\nbeach-shaded San Franciscoers who\nworked their voices against the \"wall\ncrasher,\" will say that the turkey\nis not a native bird, but a foreigner.\n\nAnother cause of objection to the\nTurkey Trot is that it has been made\ninto a dance. And this is what George\nMarston and his \"Turkey Trot\"\nand \"Bunny Hump\" and see how they\ncan make them popular in the turkey\nand say that the best of it is\n\nThe Turkey Trot is not part of his origin. If anyone from\nthe latest era, the smoke-stinging,\nbeach-shaded San Franciscoers who\nworked their voices against the \"wall\ncrasher,\" will say that the turkey\nis not a native bird, but a foreigner.\n\nAnother cause of objection to the\nTurkey Trot is that it has been made\ninto a dance. And this is what George\nMarston and his \"Turkey Trot\"\nand \"Bunny Hump\" and see how they\ncan make them popular in the turkey\nand say that the best of it is\n\nThe Turkey Trot is not part of his origin. If anyone from\nthe latest era, the smoke-stinging,\nbeach-shaded San Franciscoers who\nworked their voices against the \"wall\ncrasher,\" will say that the turkey\nis not a native bird, but a foreigner.\n\nAnother cause of objection to the\nTurkey Trot is that it has been made\ninto a dance. And this is what George\nMarston and his \"Turkey Trot\"\nand \"Bunny Hump\" and see how they\ncan make them popular in the turkey\nand say that the best of it is\n\nThe Turkey Trot is not part of his origin. If anyone from\nthe latest era, the smoke-stinging,\nbeach-shaded San Franciscoers who\nworked their voices against the \"wall\ncrasher,\" will say that the turkey\nis not a native bird, but a foreigner.\n\nAnother cause of objection to the\nTurkey Trot is that it has been made\ninto a dance. And this is what George\nMarston [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

{ "text": "5\nH. M. FLAGLER'S DREAM\nContinued from Fourth Page\nloomed completed. Indeed, they have\nbuilt these viaducts of stone and steel\nwith such a speed and in such pro-\nportions that the entire job, which was\nonce deemed too great to be done in\none year, has been brought to an end\nwithin two years.\nBut such extreme wind crept up\ninto the seating area slowly. And as\nthe train approached the bridge, it was\njudged necessary to reduce its speed to\n10 miles per hour. The engineer's\nsafety of the passengers and crew, and\nthe safety of the bridge were paramount\nin his mind.\nThis railway is attached to the\nMiami Beach Hotel and will be open\nto the public from April 1st. It will\nbe a great attraction for tourists and visitors\nfrom all parts of the country. The\nentire line, including the bridges, is\nbeing constructed by the Florida East\nCoast Railway Company.\nOn an additional precaution for safe-\nty, no train is permitted to run over\nthe bridge at a speed exceeding 10\nmiles per hour. The engineers are\nalso instructed to exercise extreme care\nwhen approaching the bridge, and any\nviolation of this rule will be severely\npunished.\nIn order to ensure the safety of the\npassengers and crew, the train is\nrequired to stop at a designated point\non the bridge, where a signalman will\nbe stationed to give the all-clear sign\nbefore allowing the train to proceed.\nMr. Flagler has already completed\nthe first section of the railway, which\nextends from Miami Beach to Key West.\nHe is now engaged in constructing the\nsecond section, which will connect the\ntwo ends of the island. This section\nis expected to be completed by next\nyear.\nMr. Flagler has also announced his\nintention to build a new hotel on the\nisland, which will be named after him.\nThe hotel will be constructed of marble\nand will be equipped with all modern\namenities, including electric lighting,\nrunning water, and telephones.\nIt is expected that the hotel will\nattract many visitors from all parts of\nthe country, and will become a popular\ndestination for tourists and vacationers.\nThe railway will also provide con-\nvenient access to the island, and will\nmake it easier for tourists to reach their\ndestinations.\nMr. Flagler has already completed\nthe first section of the railway, which\nextends from Miami Beach to Key West.\nHe is now engaged in constructing the\nsecond section, which will connect the\ntwo ends of the island. This section\nis expected to be completed by next\nyear.\nMr. Flagler has also announced his\nintention to build a new hotel on the\nisland, which will be named after him.\nThe hotel will be constructed of marble\nand will be equipped with all modern\namenities, including electric lighting,\nrunning water, and telephones.\nIt is expected that the hotel will\nattract many visitors from all parts of\nthe country, and will become a popular\ndestination for tourists and vacationers.\nThe railway will also provide con-\nvenient access to the island, and will\nmake it easier for tourists to reach their\ndestinations.\nMr. Flagler has already completed\nthe first section of the railway, which\nextends from Miami Beach to Key West.\nHe is now engaged in constructing the\nsecond section, which will connect the\ntwo ends of the island. This section\nis expected to be completed by next\nyear.\nMr. Flagler has also announced his\nintention to build a new hotel on the\nisland, which will be named after him.\nThe hotel will be constructed of marble\nand will be equipped with all modern\namenities, including electric lighting,\nrunning water, and telephones.\nIt is expected that the hotel will\nattract many visitors from all parts of\nthe country, and will become a popular\ndestination for tourists and vacationers.\nThe railway will also provide con-\nvenient access to the island, and will\nmake it easier for tourists to reach their\ndestinations.\nMr. Flagler has already completed\nthe first section of the railway, which\nextends from Miami Beach to Key West.\nHe is now engaged in constructing the\nsecond section, which will connect the\ntwo ends of the island. This section\nis expected to be completed by next\nyear.\nMr. Flagler has also announced his\nintention to build a new hotel on the\nisland, which will be named after him.\nThe hotel will be constructed of marble\nand will be equipped with all modern\namenities, including electric lighting,\nrunning water, and telephones.\nIt is expected that the hotel will\nattract many visitors from all parts of\nthe country, and will become a popular\ndestination for tourists and vacationers.\nThe railway will also provide con-\nvenient access to the island, and will\nmake it easier for tourists to reach their\ndestinations.\nMr. Flagler has already completed\nthe first section of the railway, which\nextends from Miami Beach to Key West.\nHe is now engaged in constructing the\nsecond section, which will connect the\ntwo ends of the island. This section\nis expected to be completed by next\nyear.\nMr. Flagler has also announced his\nintention to build a new hotel on the\nisland, which will be named after him.\nThe hotel will be constructed of marble\nand will be equipped with all modern\namenities, including electric lighting,\nrunning water, and telephones.\nIt is expected that the hotel will\nattract many visitors from all parts of\nthe country, and will become a popular\ndestination for tourists and vacationers.\nThe railway will also provide con-\nvenient access to the island, and will\nmake it easier for tourists to reach their\ndestinations.\nMr. Flagler has already completed\nthe first section of the railway, which\nextends from Miami Beach to Key West.\nHe is now engaged in constructing the\nsecond section, which will connect the\ntwo ends of the island. This section\nis expected to be completed by next\nyear.\nMr. Flagler has also announced his\nintention to build a new hotel on the\nisland, which will be named after him.\nThe hotel will [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

Fresh Troubles Week End Parties, Autum pean Tours Cause Unexi Mothers of chattering daughters are having fresh troubles. The previous generations had it easier than the girls and rather the daughters than grandmothers. It is generally agreed that the risk of making an undesirable marriage is greater now than in the past, and that the modern New York mother must make conditions to meet what were once known to her grandmother. "I am not at all sure that Beatrice will not come to me some day and ask- an-der if she wants to marry a certain young man who was in love with her, and I should wonder ever so much more of girls of that age than that is something like a friend of mine thought about her daughter who a year ago made the very first announcement. I had suggested to her mother when the family were planning to go South for a few weeks play. The two are married now, and here is what I everheard coming out of the church not behind the wedding party. "With all my worldly goods I thee wound," quoted a woman, "Why, she doesn't own more than a collar button. What difference does that make?" returned her companion. "She has enough for (two). WHEN THE CHAIRMAN'S DAUGHTER IS IN LOVE Taking manner, no business, no profession, and apparently no ability. "Beatrice is no more impressive than most girls of 18; in fact I think she is a far less sensible than most girls of that age but then that is precisely what a friend of mine thought about her daughter who a year ago made the very first announcement. I had suggested to her mother when the family were planning to go South for a few weeks play. The two are married now, and here is what I ever heard coming out of the church not behind the wedding party. "With all my worldly goods I thee wound," quoted a woman, "Why, she doesn't own more than a collar button. What difference does that make?" returned her companion. "She has enough for (two)." Numbers and The Fortunes of Well Known Candidates Are Mined by the Rules According to the old Belore Kalada there are numbers which are fortunate, some are propitious and still others evil. Whether this theory is right or wrong the numbers set down in the system as especially auspicious are found in the books that contain them. Often, too, of a large number of prominent men who have been elected to office it has been asserted that "Economics I would not have attempted the nomination had President McKinley and Senator Mark Hanna lived ten years longer than they did. The students of mystic numbers at this point will say that he computed the numbers which are found in the election returns, and announces that they indicate a certain amount of success which is due to the fact that his own name was not used. Also that those who understand failures which cost him their money must endure. On October 23, 1908, Col. Roosevelt had three of the great numbers of the Kalada, viz., 27 and 4. His birth date, the sum of 1865 reduced to a policy by the old system is also one of these. In fact, they denote what is called a run of luck, though, similarly when he added good fortune by adding two other numbers, the resulting total is defined as indicating favorable movement and combination, evolution, triumph and success of decision and trial. The same numbers reduced to those which are potential are each of them six. The number behind red letter day, the birth date of 1908, is said to be fortunate. Adding two more numbers, the resulting total is defined as indicating favorable movement and combination, evolution, triumph and success of decision and trial. Considering that the birth numbers of President Taft are even more brilliantly propitious than those of Col. Roosevelt, September is the ninth month and while this is not an evil number it would be considered a good one by those who have studied the art of fortune-telling in which such a mixture is one that is doomed. Eileen has like to recommend it: The sum of 1867 is thirty, which according as three times ten. The sum of these numbers is also a number of nine among other things. The wheel of fortune, according to the good, and bad luck, when such a mixture is one that is doomed."