Field journal of Heller, March to April 1915

Heller Peruvian Expedition March 3. Departed from NY. at 10, Mr. East River just below the Brooklyn Bridge. Day clear with fresh Northwest wind. Sea moderate. 4: Weather cool, sea moderate, no roach necessary on table. 5: Weather more temperate. 6: warmer, sea smooth. 7:

Travellers, [illegible], the cocoa etc. Almost all tropical fruits were growing in the garden: bananas, cocoa, ginger, nutmeg, coconuts, cotton, coffee, figs. Another common African tree was the Acci with red pendulent fruit which is edible. Soy-wood was a common brush everywhere in fields; beans like trees were common in gardens. Coco palms & a green century plant was common on the hillside in a wild state. The island is everywhere covered by brushes & small forest trees, the grassy spaces being few. Everything so verdant & humid. We returned to the steamer at 5 P.M. & sailed out of the harbor at 6:30 at dusk. In the harbor I saw only a few frigate birds; about the town were many black vultures, marblers, & [illegible] 9 Weather warm sea smooth 10: Arrived at Colom at 1 P.M.; Sea smooth, sky overcast Took rooms at the Hotel

Washington, The country shows a verdant moist appearance and very lively but rather low the whole landscape covered by forests of palms & various flowering trees. At the hotel the chief amusement is bathing in an open tank connected by a wall with the sea, The bathers are numerous at 4 P. M. & again at 8 or 9 AM. but even at noon many are seen in the tank bare headed as usual. Apparently the sun even at midday never produces sunstroke here. 11: The party left at 11 A.M. on the Panama RR for the Chagres River Bridge where we took a launch up the river. Mr. Barnett and his wife accompanied us. The trip along the RR was very interesting botanically. Many dead trees were seen standing in the flooded Chagres

Lake. & all were dead trees some were rubber trees + showed the diagonal scars of the tappers. In places there were broad summons filled by a small copypaper brush + longgrass Trees Small hills or large hummocks were characteristic of the whole region - The soil where it was exposed was bright red like that of Africa. A fresh breeze was blowing on the river which made it quite cool. A floating Pistia (Larger than the African) was abundant on the still sides of the lake where it formed masses. The country along the river was quite thickly & heavily covered by great trees + Chorn Paluvaca. Several of the trees were in flower, one with large pink blossoms - the Agaua Peach was seen another with vermillion flowers was common. We stopped just at

an orange plantation were a few Jamaica maggots had charge, The oranges were large sized but green, A sour sap was also in fruit as well as, a zapote & several passion flower vines. We then went alongway up the river road beyond the zone but not out of it nearly as the U.S. got. reserve all the land within 13 feet above the level of the manipatable streams & they allow no huts or villages to be built without their stamp. We went as far as a village at the forks the main river where it was quite narrow & the current swift. At the RR Bridge on the Shaygoe we met a native who had a large & guynar cow for sale, he had killed the animal while it was eating a calf, he had killed

The same brute had killed [illegible] full grown steers in the neighborhood. Saw no mammals nor heard any, A few birds were seen. Harers on the river, Paraguettes, Warblers & frigate birds in the harbour. A few crown pelicans were seen on the canal. 12: The party went out to the cocoa plantation near Caldera and with Barrett at 7 Am, returned about noon. I remained in town. 13: All remained in Colon 14 except Cook who went to Panama to visit Pittier, a U.S botanist recovering from an operation. 14: The party except me took the 11.00 train for Panama where they spent the day. 15: Packed our trunks at the hotel Washington & went on board the Chilean steamer Heronco which was loading at the Colon Pier a cristobal as the port is now called by

the U.S.A. 16: Remained at the Lake loading cargo. 17: Left in the Hercules at 9 A.M. Day clear bright. An amber river at the Bottom locks. Here we passed thru 3 locks + were raised each time about 2 feet to the top level of Bottom Lake. The locks worked perfectly + the water came in from below rapidly working up with a hissing sound like a whirlpool. In 10 minutes the lock was filled then the gates opened + we went to the next lock. Electric engines pulled the boat thru a steadiest her while she used her own motive power in passing from one lock to another. At Columbus cut we met several dredgers anchored at the handslip on which they make several hours each day when the canal is closed. The slips were very extensive toward many yards or up few acres. The rock was a green trap rock with capped by a long red grain.

like soil, in places along the Canal a purple porphyry rock was exposed, and at times some yellow clay brown lake. After leaving Culebra cut the passed out into Canal plain with no more rock formation on high banks along the canal. At Perdu Miguel we passed out of another lock down to Mirafloreslake which is a very body water on the Pacific drainage. At Miraflores locks we descended by 2 locks to sea level on the Pacific side. The emptying process after levels seemed much slower than the filling took about 20 minutes there, not attended by any noise either. We reached Balboa at 6 p.m. and remained at the wharf all night. The party went to Panama after supper by trolley a distance of 5 miles or less perhaps. Panama is a typical Spanish city with very narrow crooked streets heavy stone masonry thick walls! The Plaza cathedral + Central Hotel are

Typically Spanish. Many peach + cheese were in evidence in the shops. Negros were less numerous than at Colon. The bird life on the canal consisted of starless or anhingas chiefly with some brown pelicans, often frigate birds + a white heron + black jacque or small flover. The vegetation with Pacific side was hardly less verdant & abundant than on the Atlantic. 18) The Huasco sailed at 9 A.M. from Balboa docks. The pacific or Bay of Panama was calm + quiet no roll being perceptible. Tobago Island with its large hospital is the most prominent island in the bay. Other small islands were noticeable + some small rocks whitened by bird excrement. Porpoises, pelicans + often birds were seen near the steamer. 19) Day clear & calm that 20) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shot

20 Sighted Cape San Fuego on the Ecuador coast about 9 AM. At noon we passed within 2 miles of it. The coast here rises as a high bluff 1000 or 500 feet covered by green bushes + some pines trees. South of the cape was a small village, a wide sand beach + deep anchorage. Above the village on the escarpments were light green cane fields + other crops. Further south we passed between the coast + Plata Island a brushwooded island some 3 or 4 miles long where a hut or two could be seen. The sea was filled with life today. Many porpoises came up + played about the steamers bow. They were dark slate olivewith white belly patch + chins. Many diamond fish or giant sharks were seen jumping near the boat. Also off to starboard were seen in schools alone which

were large flocks of small gulls + petrels. A few large white looby were seen + a dark species Ashleewater. The weather was awful today + the coast cloudy so that, the high Andes and their peaks of Chimbarrago + Cocoxi could not be seen. The old traveller say they seldom can be seen from the coast after passing Plata Island the coast line became invisible. At sunset we passed a small islet on which there was a light house. (21) In the early morning we were off Plata Island and spent the morning steaming up the Paraguay River to an anchorage of Itabayaquil. The river was wide the water brown and set with much floating vegetation consisting of Ipicias bamboo stems + water hyacinths. The banks of the river were low +

supp[orted] mangroves coconut palms & further back dense forest of large trees. The passengers were not allowed to go ashore but the residents would come aboard so we had a large number of Parama boat vendors cigarette sellers fruit & parrot merchants. The city of Buaya quai is built of uniform architecture, two story buildings of plaster or stucco with large square windows & overhanging balconies. Two species of gulls were common as the all black headed gull & a large white one with brown wings, no frigate birds or palm birds were seen here though as at Parama where gulls were lacking. Yer brown pelicans was seen. It rained a few hours late in the afternoon. Many small shoovers were seen anchored over the city! (2) Remained at the anchorage all day unloading freight into lighters. Many small mosquitoes came aboard too.

and were quite annoying about the canals that never bridged around our heads. They were long slender bodies with transverse stripes. The natives brought parakeets, sprouted cocoplum other plants, avoided to peel. Dark one like squirrel size of the gray squirrel but dark brownish black frindle. Go descents eaten jaguar skin was also used for nail. Day but not partly cloudy. (23) Got away at 7 A.M. and steamed down the river. Started at Panama Island at the mouth at noon. Saw many cattle & some mules horses in pasture along the banks. No palters was seen in the forest or on the shore line. The forest generally the very heavy had a different character from Panama de Chimes. Many brown pelicans & small gulls were seen and a few black vultures. One bright bird was noticed. No flowering trees seen in the fresh. The small palen from which Panama hats are made grows in the forest. It is an all fanlebed species the fibers for hats being obtained from the young budding leaves.

24 Reached Payta at daylight Dropped anchor in the bay about 30yds from the wharf. This country is a dry barren desolate most almost absolute without sign of vegetation except at the post. A mosquito the bush could be seen near the beach in a few places, there is perhaps no other place in the world where so sharp a transition occurs between heavy tropical forest like that at Manguquil Bay of the absolute desert country at Payta only 10 miles south. There is but physical barrier such as a mountain range, the change being due no doubt to the southeast trades which drive away the moist laden breezes from the north which supply Ecuador with rain. The whole region of Peruian coast is under the influence of the Peruvian current & its accompanying two breezes. A white quail with black wings was the commonest bird in the harbour different from the large grey Manguquil. The small flaver like quail was also seen a few frigate birds, landed from the

Port of Pienza an irrigated Valley produces rice, cotton, sugar, other products. Oil wells are also in operation in the Sahara desert. The rocks formed of yellowish shale or limestone in appearance, horizontally bedded. We left at noon & steamed south along the coast about 2-3 miles off shore. A fine cool breeze & bright weather prevailed. The coast is dry & brown & without evident vegetation. The sea coast is formed of rocky cliffs & the inland of plain & dry desert hills. The coast resembles that of Southern California to a remarkable degree & the cool air & cold sea water adds greatly to the similarity. (25) Reached Elfen at day-light. The port is an open roadstead with a long breakwater jutting out into the breakers. Vessel anchor a long way off shore & the cargo is transferred by lighter to the wharf on which a railroad is built. The country

On the beach at Pcs Carmargo several reel boats made of bundles of Saripens could be seen. Drew desert as at Bayton with no sign of vegetation + the coast is arid + bold cliffs. Weather slightly hazy + cool with moment of the mountain ranges of the interior. Departed from Elen at noon + steamed north on a cool choppy sea in bracing air to Bancarmcargan where we arrived at 5 P.M. Begun unloading + receiving cargo at once. Two. The town is built in a open semi-circle of sand with a steel rotary splashing a hundred or so more into the sea. The steamers stay for out + discharge cargo into lighters as at Elen. A few green mesquite like bushes were seen on the sandunes behind the town but most of the coast was quite barren + brown + minus any of vegetation. Fifteen or twenty miles behind the town, steep mountains cloud the landscape total overights the cloudy weather. Several women came down with fruit for sale. They had many.

many black Shags were seen riding on a lighter spunwheel in the bay. Guanadignos, Varconas, cheimjas, agrecates, planos, parcas, [illegible] the interior seed covering which was edible & sweet. We left an anchorage at 10 P. m. & steamed thru the night to Salavery where we arrived on 26 day light. Port similar to Pastamajon, a steel pier, an open cave & sandhill & barren coast with high rugged hills some miles inland. Trujillo could be seen some 5 miles north of the port but close to the sea. The shore is flanked by great sand- dunes some 500 ft. high. Weather clear & bright or sea with cold breeze. left Salavery Salavery at mom for Callao, passed the Guanayope islands on which lies a lighthouse. They are guano islands& hundreds of throbles, pelicans, shags & ote seabirds were seen in to water near them. On the larger island a vast colony of some dark bird covered thickly one of the slops or several

acres in extent. Many sea-lions were seen on the surf bathed points, some of the large ones proved a half ton in weight. No vegetation was visible on the islands. 27 Reached Calloo at 10 am in a heavy ground fog. The harbour was north and of large size. All the German navy in anchorage consisting of 3 cruisers, 2 destroyers & 2 submarines. San Lorenzo Island which forms the harbour entrance is cultivated with high ridges & a light- house on the point. On shore we took the RB to Jirana with Monsillo party. The way led through cultivated fields in the valley of the Rimac. Fields of sugar cane & grass were common. Also alfalfa, cassava & other vegetables. Most of the fields were hedged by willows which had been cut off or pollarded. 6th. The weather was sunny & cooled by a fresh breeze. On reaching the farm dined with Corti & Gilbert, to the Botanical garden which

"includes also the zoological Garden & Natural History Museum. At the Zoological Garden we saw Ad. Spectable bears, many Spider monkeys, agoutis, a paca, a jaguar, coati, native foxes, candors, hawks and many prim. animals & European animals as: lions, hyaenas, giraffs, elephants, Zebra, guars, jammers, leopards monkeys etc. The botanical garden was filled with royal palms, calyf pom palmeo, cocoos & many others. Rows of olive-leaved fig trees made the park very shady. Acacias present. Magnolias were common trees. Of the zoo were two large polar bears which were apparently in good health. A large herd of Indian Rock bucks were at the park all of which I have now drafted were born in the park with the excepte of the original pair. The polar bears are a good illustration of the temperate climate, I saw two species of Tapirs in the park.

The only reptile seen was a single galapagos tortoise. The weather in the city was quite cool in the shade and a kamperate breeze was quickly blowing. The hills about the city were barren from + desolate without evidence of vegetation. In the park I saw several mud doves like our turtle dove in size & worth a pleasant call mate. The fields near town are separated by adobe walls 3 ft high which show no wear, even on their edge due to rain. +Bear excellent testimony to the dryness of the climate. We left the town at 8 P.M. 28 Day clear & bright with a light fog on the shore line. Two high peaks of the andes visible. About 12 M. we passed three parties of dark red or chocolate sea due to some kind of marine life. +Harvin infectious red sea + to early chill; due to the presence of animalcula which under the microscope were fast- urately exploding. On the

Atlantic Bahiat the Red Sea the red color is due to conserva minute sea pelled plants. How birds see writing our great distance. show some 15 mile or 20. About 5 P. M. we met large flocks of swaty frasers, they were in great black clouds of several thousand together. (29) In the morning we were within 30 miles or so of Molleno. The coast was hazy but Coropuna with its snow cap & wedge shaped peak was in sight for an hour, it was over 4 or miles away & some that its height was not at all impressive. Sea clear & with a fresh breeze as yestear Many black shags seen near the shore, went ashore at 12:30 in a launch. A rough sea was running of large swells. The landing place is a narrow

gorge rolled by cement some 20 feet high. We were hoisted out of the boats in a chair by a crane. Near the mouth of this cave are several large rocks, one of which is submerged & large or gigantic waves breaks over it constantly. The water is very rough in a storm it must be quite dangerous. The birds seen about the bay are glacial headed gull, a white bellied crowon? a moddy tern, a pure white gull & brown pelican. Weather cool with a good breeze, 30 left Milledge at 8 AM on a special train. weather clear & cool. The night was very cool with almost no mosquitoes or other insects. The country bordering the beach for the first few miles was covered by clumps of oar rushes, sitters, saltgrass & salicornia at several station along road on + ranch were seen where some cotton growth, flowers, etc were growing.

Willow trees were seen bordering the hedges, The RA leaves the coast at Ensenada Sta. + climbs up the sandy hills at a steep inclination averaging about 40°. The first inland vegetation met were clumps of small cereus cactus some of which were in blossom. On the drift sand a few small parallel trucks were seen which may have been mice. Burros were also seen under the low banks of RA cuts which looked like marmal lion? At Kilometer 32 there were on top of a high apartment over- looking the Pueblo River valley with its fields of cane & grain crops separated by hedges of trees eucalyptus, willow etc. Above Pueblo Sta. we saw a flock of 10 or more giant condors which wheeled down the air within 50 or 75 yds of us. Many black vultures were associated with them. They were apparently gathered about the deceased carcass of a Burro. Further in some miles the boys on the riding on the carcatcher saw

another band of scrub cardus nearby, The vegetation at Kilim 3500' became quite verdant, the plants being a large Cereus Cactus, yellow composite brushes, heliotrope brush grass & many small herbs. At Kilim 4500' a still finer view of the cultivated Tachir valley could be seen for beloms far near the Sta. of Posco 1700ft. all, The hillsides here were more verdant than below, the shrubs covering chiefly the ground. Most thick were brushes 2 or 3 ft high and nearly all were in blossom, altho' this is the fall it was a Spring scene as the flow or summer scene, the flowers having just blossomed. The bird grass was not noted except in isolated small patches, most of the plants were yellow flowered daisy like composite, heliotrope, verbena, tobacco like weed, red penstemon, groundsel & others. At the Station where there was permanent water there was fig trees, pumpkin vines & Indian dog cactus.

The heliotrope bushes were 3 - 4 ft. high + loaded with purple blossoms exactly like the cultivated but the perfume was quite different. At Cachendo S & 3200 ft. we lost the green landscape very suddenly giving us we emerged out of a foggy cloud bank which makes the upper limit of the green lush belt. Beyond this point was an elevated desert of sand, loose rocks, absolutely barren with no evidence of ever having had any, not a drop of rain is it known to fall here. This desert rises gradually by low terrace or inclines & extends all the way to Arequipa a distance of about 50 or 60 miles. About mid-way on the desert we met the sand dunes, small shifting ones of semicircular outline 3 - 4 feet high + of a light gray or whitish color. Then travel furnished the direct method of concavity + can be seen by placing large stones on the top

This red desert is known as the Pampa de Islay crest at the middle of the curve. They are very conspicuous by their light color & friends on the red desert of course pebbles and rocks. The weather in the desert pro ofs clear + sunny as it always is + the mm caps of this volcano of Misti + its high neighbor Chachani could be seen and putter away their solid white crow of 1 the lefty Coropuna puts clearly visible, Misti is a perfect a gigantic cone standing balond. Coropuna is a long ridge with its ends rising into two truncate peaks. The hills or mountains which border this desert are also free of vegetation like the desert but are covered or spotted by a light veil of grey-white sand in which gives them the appearance of being partly covered by wind swept snow. Above visitor we passed & climbed up the second escarpment latter we ascended then some red double red hills until the Chili River was reached then followed up one edge for

along the green river valley. to Breguipia where we arrived at 5 P.M. All of the rock formation from the coast to the Breguipia country is said to be volcanic by H.B. It had the appearance of shaly sandstone and normally showed an oblique cleavage. Much of it was dark greenish in color like map or serpentine. Near Breguipia it was chiefly red or terra-cotta color. In places it was whitish or gray. Above Vitor Sta we passed through a series of rough reddish hills, the absolute bare of vegetation except at one spot where a few large cactus cacti were seen high above the tracks growing out of red rock. A few sparse bushes were seen in a dry stream bed. Below the tracks could be seen the narrow gorge of the Chili Pines with trees & fields under irrigation. All of the large streams flowing from the desert have cultivated land bordering them and such places represent

The only available water supply I have seen anywhere known within in California or the Sahara bordering the Nile been such absolute I can't get vegetation as as we approached Arquipa. We saw corn fields alfalfa, willow trees etc 'Marby' pepper trees were seen along the irrigation ditches. 31 During the night we had a eight thunder shower. The air at night was not noticeably colder than Molendos Am at midday it is less warm than the coast. We were joined by Erdis at Cachardo Station. He said that in coming down from Cuzco yesterday he saw at Crucero Alto at the summit 12ste P.R. 5 adult Nicenayas, and merely born lamb. H.B. made his trip to Cordova montani from Vitor Sta. By mule Two steps west at Rio Mejias he says there is considerable wild forest & bush in the river valley & that deer, small cats & other game is hardly alarmed about cattle down the river below the crossing.

Above Canlas or Aples where there is cotton, further there is also montany with game r bears have been reported. On the morning Jereht with Cols Feldisto the market. Fruit was not great in variety, chiefly apples, peaches, quinces, grapes, figs, pomegranites, a passion-fruit fruit like grenadillas &a zapote fruit. There were no mangoes, bananas, agavocates, cherarinos, etc. Potatoes were small size. Many watermelons & squashes were seen red peppers, tomatoes, carrots, beans. The Zoological or botainal garden in many naturalists are known in the town. One kind of clearas, were seen in the chief bear of garden are burros & mules. April 1 left Anguipon at 7:30 Wm. clear bright or partly cloudy, & morning mist cleared prominent clouds be seen a small cloud of smoke a steam rising from The hills just about one mile from Fort Santiago.

and clusters of a large caeros on desert, dangered oridity & vegetation, it much resembled the El Paso country of Texas. The building stone of Angora is a white tufa resembling chalk in appearance, most of the buildings are made of it, sometimes it is sprinkled in colors. Along Yuma along the Yuma River the hills are covered by great rough spots of red brown rock among which many cactus and green trees grow but no figurs or animals were seen & only a few birds. Life of any sort is rare here a little above Guiscos Sta. we would [illegible] back forth on a hill crossing alone on track 4 or 5 times and finally going down a short tunnel. Blue lupines were seen on the road bed.

Mr. Campato is called Ambesara on Pouysmond's map. Campato a high snowcapped peak over 21,000 feet could be seen not more than 30 miles away. No tree growth can be seen either in river valley or on the mountain sides of the sum-capped peaks of Chacchani & Misti. It is odd to see gigantic snow capped peaks without any indication of forest, only scattered bushes which are insufficient to hide the rock ground. We stopped for dinner at the Pampapalga camieros at 12000 feet. The air at this altitude is quite cool even in the bright sun. The only bee flowers scattered green shrubs. Namaka, before reaching Camyayo and our own several bands of wild vicungas. The first herd had 10 xmas close to the track about 150 yds. another herd of 6 were seen at a smaller herd of 4. The Pampa was a broad plain.

with a heavy growth of very coarse bunch grass. Below the plain of Cerro Cagua, were piles of fuel yards; a flowering plant which from a large close head like a giant mushroom. At Vincocaya we struck another large level Pampa which had been lower earth spars like lake bottoms. Here we were close to the train; another herd of 5 Vicuayas. This Pampa is 14,000 ft. alt. The country is covered by bunch glass & small bushes everywhere. It has not changed since leaving 10,000 ft. at Pampa de Arrieros. No large bushes seen anywhere. Saw another herd of 5 Vicuay between Vincocaya & Crucecillo on a rather rich Pampas, where many alpacas also were grazing. Within few miles of Crucecillo alt. we saw another bunches.

Vicungas, several flocks whitewere galleytes were seen in ponds at the Crucero and east of them. was marshy habitat gas short. A light fall of snow was covering the track, open feet but the weather now sunny 20th Jan. A mile beyond Crucero we saw another party of 3 vicungas and on a side hill some half-mile away so a single one. Reached two large fatunas about 10 miles ridelength. Saw some flamingos on one of a great many mud- hens on the other. These lakes are apparently deep, the hills rising steeply from the shore. Reached Santa Lucra at 4 P.M. rates a silvermine isolated in the wall of the station house was beside a stuffed coyote stuffed with the mouth open showing to teeth. It was a large species, better than this country they are.

called foxes. They are said to be common on the prairies + feed occasionally on sheep at Tanga- Tanga alt. 13,000 feet. We met our first cultivation consisting of potatoe fields + millet [illegible] (Campaguta?) Here we saw many stuffed coyote era or Hual (Tambo) and 4 over another. The land here on side-hills is terraced to keep it from washing. The weather was very cold with a cold wind blowing while under heavy overcoat necessary. Many barley fields seen along the track, a wide Challaw river occupied the valley floor. The crop called Campaguta was already [illegible] with red tops like cockatoo's. a few trees were seen for Quinilla sta. to about 10 m. lint. The presence of 13,000 ft. We reached Juliaca at 5:30 in a heavy downpour and thunder shower. (2) The day broke clear & bright + fairly warm. During the night I had a severe head-

ach a pain in the chest in the sternum. Cork had a headache + was very cold, it was probabl a mild sort of Soroche but two were not affected coming over the slopes at 14,600 feet. Juliacca is about 12,500 feet I met Stafford at the hotel an Englishman who lives at Anguipa. He told me that there were wild Huanacos near the Pampa de Arrieros but they were hunted so frequently that few remain. The country between Juliacca & Santa Rosa was uniform grass velds over a wide vale. Very little cultivation was seen, the country being grazed by department sheep in large flocks. Some cattle + pigs were seen. Birds were seen along forest, forest meadows. Many Culls, some coots + Black Dros. Scaled birds were very rare. Stopped at Santa Rosa at 1 Pm for lunch. No trees seen anywhere. Absence due for birds to grass. Some hawks seen a hillsides near Turipata Sta. Began to

Mina at La Raya Pass the English pass between Jalisco + Cojaro, Many bunch of a small agave spines were seen but on Rocky ride bunches much more trees were also seen on the creeps. The peak of La Raya has no large glacier on its western summit, at Agua Caliente just below the crest there is but a spring which flows on the side of the pass. The valley is very narrow here and continues on to Jote Sangui or Marangari Slo. The crops of barley were rife all down the valley, it took 14 and the country looks like fall rather than midsummer. Red soil everywhere from Jalisco of a rather dark red color + adobe consistency. The Jote Sangui can not be seen from the PR very across the mtns in another valley. I can no open plains suitable for Vicunyas or Huemeros about J. Sangui there may be broad bank for people who Vicunyas could live, just before reaching Sincan mine.

"The freight cars jumped the track on a bridge over the Vilecorte river but remained on the bridge. We were delayed about half past four. Mr. Brown, the assistant RR manager says that Vilecorta is the best station for Vicunyo, that is between tere and Cincoro alto is the best shooting country. Between San Pablo & Trista station we saw on just onea mine. A fresh lava flow ran into the valley at this point and the people erected a temple at this point to stop the lava flow. I can easily describe spalatal columns of adobe some 4-5 feet high, placed in a row on a rock foundation. We reached Checuerpe station at dark & ran very slowly afterdark into Cuyo, where we arrived at 10:30. At the station we loaded his baggage on a mule drawn sleigh car which passed the tracks a few yards from the station & Mr. Butler unloaded the baggage & left the car back.

m again with much delay & difficulty. We finally got from the city gate & into the foul smell at 11:30. We took rooms at the grand hotel. (3) Day clear & bright fairly warm. night cool (not cold no insect pests noticed.) In the afternoon she called on the President of Guzos with H.B., Cook & Anderson & Ford. He talked very civilly and readily offered to give us soldiers for guards, I spent the afternoon in packing the collecting outfit at Panelli's Store. During the day a short thunder shower occurred & the weather grew chilly suddenly. (4) Continued work on the outfit in the morning with the Arrivero Narcisso. In the afternoon went with H.B. & Cooks to Sr. delques Santos and Hacienda to see the old incarnals in Guzos some distance west of the main plaza we entered a narrow once street on which were one side of which was an old incanwall of considerable workmanship

It sloped inward as all the walls do but was made up of gigantic blocks of cut into very irregular shapes or angles. Many of the blocks in this wall were 4 or 5 feet long by 2 or 3 wide. One of the bignest stones had 12 angles. And then was a triangular in shape, the one figured in one of N.B. papers. This large stone irregular wall was under of a green stone like serpentine above which in places was a narrow wall made of andesite + of small regular blocks. The joining fits perfect in each case but the older wall had large blocks + rougher on the surface. Many of the surfaces were curved slightly. This is the only place in Cuzco where a wall of this character was seen afterwards me went along other even walled streets to the Temple of the Sun which is now Santo Domingo Cathedral, Here the wall seemed about 20 feet high and made of small square blocks of dark desmablastic andesite. The

"[illegible] fine and the surface smooth and as flat as or smoother than a common pavement. Only in one or two places were the rough marks on the basalt on the edges seen which mark the ordinary wall. Inside the church it is said to still contain its tower and wall of the temple. The old Dacca streets are very narrow and you are left as traffic increases impossible on them. Most of the Daccales equally now side a street the other being wide being down down to widen the street. The first wall visited that consisting of larger irregular stones has the foundation showing owing to the cutting down of the road. The foundation is made of small irregular stones roughly piled up & is a characteristic weakness of Dacca walls. They did not seem to understand foundations.