Field Notebook: Nova Scotia 1912

1912 doc. 0104 Chora bestia Gindoo, Panstoro, Joggins.

doc. 0104 Charles Schuchert Yale University New Haven, Conn. H.S.C. June 29-1912 7362 June 29-July 19, 1912 Nova Scotia = 3194-a

M. A. Bell

Alice and Albert Schuchert 3937 Regent Ave, Roswood, Ohio. Phil Schuchert 758 Wells St Price Hill, Cincinnati, O. Simon Hubig 105T Academy Ave Price Hill, Cincinnati, O. E. A. Callahan Miss Dade 472 Orange St. New Haven. Margaret Corcoran 59 Hall Walter A. Bell 81 Elm street St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada. M. J. Williams Manitowaning, Ontario Send telegram to Little Current, Manitoulin Island and have forwarded by phone to Queens Hotel. E. J. Whittaker at Collingwood up to July 6th.

July 25 -1905 Dominion Atlantic R. R. Bridge abutment. Red 1 Red 2 Red 3 Red 4 Red 5 Along Mt. Crayx cutting White and yellowish light shale- mite mud can settle hard. but sum Bisemich shales 4" Red shales 5' Dark-green shales 18" Left red shales 25 to 30 fat Red 6 and yellow shales and mud, over 100 feet thick. Yellow shales and beds of red shale. Over 53 feet thick. Red 7 Red 8 Red 9 Thin hardy bed with the dominite fault terminating the seam. Red shales. Fault line This all run ? Fault. Gas of this seam forced into a fumble down, be thick as white lead in knee ? Red and Bottom of Dam Cliff estate. ? Top of farm John & Co. Sam Blich estate.

Gindsor, New Hestia. July 20 - 1905 Maxner's Point is 1 mile of the Oron from the 2 bridges. = Upper Gindsor. Millers quarries near Sam Ulick Hotel. Dragon Bridge Passing into a shallow Syncline concord ? Redg " " Red 6,7 and 8. About 10 feet. Ooron Bridge Limestone" Alon Dr. Gaire columns: Yellowish thin soft-bedded dolomites and shales. Hartmia and smax kureles Hard fluent shales About 20 feet Alluvists shales Thin-bedded fluent dolomites Forid zone (2) 10 feet. Production zone Soft fluent shales 10 feet. Thin bedded fluent to soft dolomite Forid zone (1) 5 feet. Bluish shales joining white into the strands of Redd Dolomite Red shale 10 feet. Red 5 2's feet seen here Dominion Atlantic R. R. track.

July 25-1905 See section just back of this page. R.R. bridge. The next day saw a fault here. See the 2 sections in previous pages. See section two fops on. Synaen back of Sam Hicks's Millers quarry, J.H.T. Müller Ferry Farm Winter Rd. Estimate thickness Red shale (1) (2) (3) -- 50-75 feet -- 100' -- synaeum 40'- dolomite 20' -- 240"" This hypothetical section seems right in many. The true relation could not be made out between the anticline and the hard lime dolomites and the synaenum Maxmer's Point Is this dolomite the same as that of Miller's quarry?

was at Bindoon for the first time July 3-1900 with J. M. Clarke. Victoria Hotel. Is Lee Russell & Bros field around ? Limp College near Bindoon. Prof. Kennedy was here at that time. Slip fault in here. ? Fault. Fault. Charman Point & ½p. Bindoon &. 80ft. off west D and E. 30-40 foot seam. by four fathom Circuit area. Palat's me- Circuit area. 15 foot seam. Grilled young & Young, Entrance distance from begin Bridge to Charman Point in a straight line about 3/4 mile,

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Michigan breccia flow of Gratau. Lots north of St. Ignace, Michigan tr ue breccia flows of Lower Monroan (Lilnic). Breccia in Upper Monroan of Lower Devonian age. Can be followed across Chaelinae straits to the Chaelinac shore - ten miles across. Best developed on Island of Chaelinae; here the blocks are of its tent feet across.

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Hindson, Nova Scotia. July 2 - 1912 Started in to measure in detail the Hindson sec- tion. Began at the aragon bridge over the Arm. (1) At low tide one sees considerable brick-red shales and streaks of green gneiss that measure 60 feet across the strike. These are the highest beds and nearest the bridge. Thickness to be calculated from the dip to be ascertained later, by Frank. Rough dip 85 degrees. (2) Three feet of soft brecciated impure dark greenish dolomite terminating below in about 6 inches of [illegible] blue-green shales. No fossils. (3) Brick-red shales with thin zones of the same brecciated rotten dolomite, in the lower half jumping upwards into the greenish flaggy beds of division (4). Measurement across the strike about 31 feet. Dip 35 degrees N.N.E.

New Haven to Boston 3.21- Boston to Windsor 9.50 Berth on Prince George 1.00 Chan car Yarmouth to Windsor

New Haven, Conn. June 29 - 1912 Left on the 4:05 P.M. for Boston where I arrived at 8:30. Staying at the Adams House. Boston Mass. June 30 - 1912 Spent a fair of the morning about Harvard University. Left Boston at 2 P.M. on the Prince Leoge of the Dominion Atlantic Line for Jarmouth, Nova Scotia. The day is cool and fine and there is no sea on. Almost all are dappy and the steamer is crowded to the utmost. I am in State room 17 below and fire stored away in the fore tanks. Jarmouth, Nova Scotia, July 1 - 1912 A bright cool morning with but little wind. Prince Leoge arrived on time at 7 A.M. The bagge is rapidly examined and no one is asked anything out of the ordinary. The officers are not suspicious and no one is asked to unfrock the entire grips. Even the trunk are examined but little. The Blue-moose team is waiting but is not

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"to start until 8.45. Today is Dominion Day throughout Canada. I take it that this is the equivalent of our Fourth of July and if so it is curious that the two national hilt days are so close together. Hyde tells one that an engineer having to do with dred construction said that the highest tides never attain to over 16 feet. The usual tides are lower at On July 2-1912 the tide was completely out at 11.30 and at about 2 P.M. the flood was about all in. In this time the tide must have risen 30 feet. At low tide in the Ceron one sees at very low tide small remains of the same sea weed seen about our shores. The only abundant shell is a bivalve of which there are some and small gastropods not the Littaria. Rarely there are few barnacles, here are also some small shrimp like crustacea that run on their sides. Otherwise one sees very little of true life but that which is present in marine. Even at lowest tide the grey muddy bottom feels salty. The hybrid Otelia also occurs here.

Probably over 200 feet thick, Dec. 1-16. Schubert collected a small lot of [illegible] has an abundance of strawberries. There are also other fruits.

Windor, Ama doria, July 2-1912 Started into measure in detail the Windon section out Dr. Jose E. Hyde. Began at the iron bridge over the Avon. The section begins at the top of the eastern limb and goes down to center yard. (1) At the bridge at low tide one sees considerable brick red shales with streaks of green gneiss that measure 60 feet across the strike. To all seem. These are the higher beds and we nearest the bridge. Thickness to be calculated from the dip which is roughly 80° N.N.E. No fossils. Calculate thickness. (2) Across the strike this gneiss is 3 feet of soft brecciated im- fused dark greenish dolomite terminating below in 6 inches of dark- blue-green shales. No fossils. Dip about 40° (3) Brick-red shales with two or three thin zones of the same brecciated rotten dolomite, in the lower half passing upwards into the greenish flaggy beds of division (2). Measurement across the strike about 31 feet. Dip 35° N.N.E. (4) Thin bedded light green dolomitic limestones on that frail; 9 foot across strike. Dip about 30°. Strike (N. 77° W. magnetic abundance of (5) Ordovica praelii gneiss Ostracoda. Somewhat heavier bedded dolomitic limestone that weathers light yellowish. This bed is easily picked out from the flatty green beds above and the down rotten dolomite. Actual thickness from 18 to 30 inches, bedded (6) Gneiss of yellowish very soft cavernous dolomite. The small caverns were originally porous parts of fossils

Schuchert talk after finals of cad design 17 D. Schuchert talk after finals 1/8.

now filled with small crystals of calcite. Measurement acro the strike 78 inches. Actual thickness about 44 inches Dip 40° ⑦ Thin-bedded, platy, light-greenish dolomitic limestone that across the strike measure 26 feet. Dip about 40°. Upon two-thirds has gone with Martinia glabra. About 4 feet of actual depth from this is the zone of Productus described by Beede. This Productus zone is about 2 feet thick with them crowded in layers. Productus beds are also well seen in Huff. ⑧ Soft thin bedded greenish rotten magnesian li- mestone in which there is some comminuted crinoidal material along with Productus, Martinia, Spirifuria Pupray and other forms. Actual thickness 32 inches. Seen in Huff; also all the layers below this one. ⑨ Still softer greenish material like the above but breathers out as a shale. Saw a fine large Leminula calcareous a Composita. Fossils must be looked for here very carefully, occurs as free forms. Actual thickness 25 inches. ⑩ One bed of similar material but stands out as a dolomitic hard layer. Ten inches thick. ⑪ Soft blue-greenish shales down to next harder dolomitic layers. Estimated thickness 7 feet, 6 inches. Strike N., 62° W. magnetic. Dip 53° N.N.E. ⑫ Thin bedded grayish dolomitic limestone tending to pass below into either lards. have actin and coming out into at

case as in the next zone below. Actual thickness 4 feet. (13) Redden bedded dolomitic limestones. Actual thickness 17 inches (14) Blue-green coalescent shale seen in bluff facing rail- way bridge. Actual thickness 8 feet. (15) Transition shales to red-brick-red beds below. These are blue-green beds with the grain of the brick red. Actual thickness 23" (16) Brick-red shales to above yard and in Dominion Oil- Plant Railroad cut. Thickness unknown but considerable. May be at least 75 feet thick. As the tide was completely out at noon watched up the shore of the Crock at low-tide line and one sees better here than at high-tide line the general structure. Just where on top the gypsum occurs there is another pitch diamond followed by a great mass of red beds with some harder dolomitic rough horizontal dolomite grain before the Millers quarry zone is reached. The Chagres Point horizon must be still higher followed by the second thick of gypsum on top of it. The entire thickness of the Prindon series is considerable, much greater than my original estimate of 240 feet. It will run near 600 to 800 feet. Most of the material in shale and probably one-half of the entire is red shale. To the west of the railroad bridge end of the Crock the beds show considerable difference of strike and particular dip. There are several smaller faults but none of these I interpret as broken arches or rolls in the crumpled beds. The own thrusting and faulting is to N.N.E.

Interpretation of the structure at the fault. Fault <-growth limit of anticline (11) (18) Ordovician beds (19) Shamrock bed (20) Brick red clay (22) (21) (27) (23) (24) (25) (26) Red Beds (27) (28) (20) 12 inches is of the grey orlile. Top 5 inches the mudula or Silurian beds. The fault run in the bluff comes in here. Section broken here. How much is yet undetermined Thickness of beds 17-22 = 40 ft at 1 inch. " " 23-33 = 112 . 10 .

Grindson, July 3-1912 Start the morning measuring the section to the south of the Dominion Atlantic Railway Bridge. The lowest part of the arch or anticline comes in about 420 feet to the south of the bridge. Here the lowest beds are the following going south along the Armon and upward in the section. 17 Green argillaceous thin bedded limestone. Thickness unknown. Top of anticline at this place. But little exposed. 18 Green shales. Thickness 32 inches. 19 Nodular layers, greenish that have more or less fossils throughout but the Productus, Composita and the Coral are most common about 2 feet from top. Actual thickness 19 feet. Have a small collection (D2900) terminates at the top in the "Stromatolitic bed". 20 Thin regular bedded green oolitic limestone 17 inches thick in the "Stromatolitic bed" = The fault much larger due to wave action. 21 Green shales, about 3 feet thick. 22 Dark brick-red sandy shales. 14 feet. Section broken here. The fault may be seen sharply along the shore of the Armon. It may be seen far better at the edge of the shore in the bluff. Near the railroad tracks appears the Stromatolitic bed at the high tide line. Here it is overturned. It is again seen in the railroad cut about 100 feet in from the Armon edge.

23 Green shales seen at low tide of Garen. Thickness unknown 24 Grayish-green sandy magnesian limestone in the beds of variable thickness. Ammonal nodular structure, 5 feet 6 inches 25 Greenish-gray platy li. 31 inches 26 Heavy dark grey oolitic - ostrocodan limestone 40 inches sand bands of thin limestone 27 Brick red shales with green layers 37 feet 4 inches. 28 Sandstone yellowish with greens having a little of lime. 10 feet 6 inches thick. 29 Green shales. 4 feet 1 inch. 30 Sandstone like 28, 5 feet 6" 31 Red shales 19 feet. 32 Gypsum, 5 feet. 33 Red shales. At least 20 feet. There may be much more as the gypsum has slid along to N. N E over these shales are of which along the contacts show sticky sides and the thin gypsum bands are minor lenses punched and slickensided. 34 The next gypsum bed of unknown thickness certainly over 40 feet thick.

Interpretation of the section seen July 4-1912 NWE. Fault Fault 20 22c 22d 22a/22 21 17c 17d 17a 18 Green shale Arild red shale fault,

Brindon, July 4 -1912 Began to study the section south of the O.A.R.D. bridge on the arc below the nodular. Section goes north direction towards the railway bridge. Opposite to the section of yesterday As on July 3 (17) (18) (19) " " nodular layers. Side area exposed here due to the flattened arch and at least arc buckle. (17a) As one goes north over the folds of the nodular synclinal the limestone of (17) seen yesterday reappears and here one can determine the character and thickness of the bed. It is at the surface a well-marked coarse grained dolomite circular signs decidedly white with apparently some ostracoda. 36 inches (17b) Next lower in the section is a well-marked rather soft dolomite that matters into a hand or bed . 5 feet 10 inches attempts 3 feet up to faults gone (17c) Brick red shale. There is another fault where, Then an area that is 50 fat across with unflued bed. in here. The area of another fault. There is much red and some green shales (20) bed of a short flat and with the "Strand-fora bed" and the higher white were shown pitching again to the N.N.-E. (21) green shales as on July 3. Dip 28° (22) Red shales. 36 yards across. Terminates in about 3 feet of green shale slightly bent in section harder shale helps followed (22a) Then tender light green by well-marked granular- dolomites that at low water are seen to be small of undulating

Dominion Atlantic Railway, Section in railway cut at end of bridge. Red shales Green shale Summit Mine 20 Fault 30 Red shales R.R. Track. Fault 22 21 24 22C Tangent Red Shales 25 This closed fold of the railway cut may again be seen along the head as high tide a little distance south of the railway bridge.

Dip from 23-30 with our car clips. About 3 feet. 226 Green shales and fry thousand of maj. di. 23 deg dip. 220 Thick reddish greenish granular and little limestone at top. Thickness 7 feet. There is no stromatopora here. Now comes in the mark marked fault of the section. The one that strikes into the railway cut that comes out to the bridge. It is pretty not or much a fault but rather a closed and [illegible] turned fold. This overturned fold shows on the high tide line just below the bridge and again in the railway cut. In both cases the stromatopora lobe" marks the top of the closed fold.

At least one can clearly see the Maypoole lie, lying in a trough of the green shale or that there is no longer any doubt about the lie, being in the form of a syncline.

Windsor, July 5 - 1912 Should Bell run the section to Maxviers Point. Maxviers Point dolomite dips N.N.E. at an angle estimated at about 45°. Dolomite somewhat broken and the rocks showed me one another and slickensided, The dolomite lies in a distinct syncline with a somewhat eroded and slickensided center. South East Dolomite Maxviers Point In coming to Maxviers Point one sees to the northward of the Point in the bottom of the River an island about 100 feet long made up of dolomite with gypsum farther to the northwest, i.e. under the dolomite. Is this the dolomite of the Grinders quarry gone with the gypsum that one sees at high tide line near the Bridges? The distance between the two limestones at Maxviers Point is not less than 300 feet and may be more. This is partly the Grinders li. and the lower gypsum but this Bell will determine.

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"Family In the afternoon walked out east in the Halifax turn-pike to where it and the D. & R. R. are almost in contact just as the drillers station with one another. Here may be seen the thin bedded limestone of the Ordovica portlei zone with which are associated the white layers abounding in Lepidoclitia carinaria, less than five feet down from where Productids like those in the Crum. Dip 15 1/2° N., strike due east and west. Portally 10 feet of beds are seen here beneath the Or. portlei beds. The small Productids occur in the lower, This locality was noted by Fletcher on his map as with a dip of 17°. Just opposite the road and the railway station is a small cave road one-tel quarry in the Arvon limestone. Phacotonia globosa occurs here. Ten feet of beds are exposed. There is a slight anticline here with the steeper side to the north, but the difference is not great. About one-quarter mile east are the large bit and abandoned drillers gypsum quarries. Saw no limestone guarry here but along one of the walls occurs a soft somewhat diing material out of which has been leached what appears to have been precipitated gypsum leaving the soft stone say @aramous.

Brindon or July 6, 1912. Left Brindon at 9.12 A.M. for Horton Landing. Spent the morning in looking for the Horton Sandstone between the station and Grand Pre. Did not see it either along the roadway or along the railway. Hyde and Morris walked east toward Orion point while one saw us coming the Brindon along the shore. Near the lighthouse at Compoort is Horton Bluff and here maybe seen considerable of the Horton series. Hyde saw no good plants but had considerable small rounded things that suggested seeds either of Coniferous or of Cycadofilices. They are not fine cases as they are too large. Told Hyde to send some to David White. Bee found the Horton in a road metal quarry on the turnpike about one mile west of Horton Landing and Calamites and Lepidodendron! At 2 P.M. left for Wolfville four miles to the west of Horton Landing. After dinner walked about 1/2 miles east along the main turnpike to the road metal quarry at the hillside approaches in the Horton that I found 7 years ago. This time the plants were not so common but here and there one for the Lepidodendron. Left Brindon at 5 P.M. by boat for Parrsboro where we arrived at 7 P.M. stopping at the same Central House.

The conglomerate is clearly made up of the material of the "Dermic" beds underneath it and some of the pieces are of two inches. Some of the boulders are of quartz or hard sandstone. The material while somewhat sorted is certainly very poorly sorted. Has not been transported far.

Parrsboro, July 7 1912. Spent the morning seeing the exposures along the East side of Chest Bay. Did not go out to the eastern point to see Toranic trip and red shales and sandstones. Next to the Toranic according to Fletcher is the Devonian that at first (the highest beds) consist of some red shales that seem pass into carbonaceous shale and greenish shales. In those dark beds near the top occur Estheria and Levia that are at times very common. Rarely is seen a small bivalve and a few specimen of a <crustacean> little they occurs associated. Lower down small bivalves are very common. In between the prodifurms layers the great mass of these beds consists of reddish clays that are throughout well- crusted. Ripple marks are seen almost at all levels. This entire series consists of very shallow mud flat de- posits, evidently in connection with the sea but at no time are they true marine deposits. On the basis of the Levia these deposits must be Pennsylvanian age. These beds are continuous with what Fletcher calls "Carboniferous limestone". Farther westward along the line these shales are terminated unconformably by a <brick-red> and serpentine craze boulder conglomerate that may be 10 foot thick. Hyde thinks it may be of a younger series unconformity resting on the Pennsylvanian beds but could not make

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out its relations. I have four photos of this series. Shortly beyond the conglomerate appears Ogygoceras, very imperfect limestone and chert, that are of the Windsor series. Here I saw Spiriferina, Orthinia globa, the Coral of the circular layers, Lingula like media, Per ductus also occurs here. It seemed to me that the Windsor series is here cut off on both side by faults. No gypsum appears here, nor do the beds in their lithology in any way suggest the Windsor series at Windsor. The series is several hundred feet thick. To the east of the Windsor series dipping in the opposite direction from the eastern Pennosylvanic series, appears a great thickness of coarse bedding sandstones and thick zones of unstratified brick red clay smutted with Hatches of greenish-white spots that appear to be con- tinental deposits. There are also zones of pebble conglomerates, the pebbles of which are not of fine rolling but are out- curved pieces of sandstones and cherts. Bell says the same series comes in at the Jogging above the Windsor and below the Drilestone Series. Just what this continental series represents I cannot yet tell. The next day one saw the same continental series to the east of Panstoro lying against the "Devonic".

"continuation of section helms" [illegible] Red shales with fine grain sandstone. Greenish sandstone Cretud Red shales with sandstones 3 [illegible] feet of marble and 20 Arm?, 250' 200' 250' 200' 20 [illegible] Coral Red beds with grain sandstone. Gyrum? 75 75 300 mm. [illegible] 25'-70' -1 This is not the windom series These continental deposits are somewhat sun-cracked and rippled but not nearly or much as the "Dormic" helms. One of the dark rocks of sandstone up to 6 feet long in the trail end [illegible] appear to have slid down the out, side into the red raily helms. Dip drill 150 but varyiate around this. Strike N. 2, 60° East. [illegible] of continental series. [illegible] hearing end [illegible] helms. [illegible] dip. [illegible] contact [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] and [illegible] [illegible] vertical, and contacting or called "Dormic" series. of Permian age See above in continuation in maybe 300 fur down.

Parstoro July 8-1912 Monday. Started out in the morning along the shore east of Parstoro. The first walks saw blue brick-red sandy micaceous shales and sandstone with local zones of conglomerate. Dip to the north about 35° . The series is distinctively of con- tinental origin. The character of any bed does not continue far horizontally. The conglomerates are very coarse, rounded semi-rounded and flat slabs up to 18 inches long. The pieces are of sandy shale, of the older Penn. and Triassic ages. sandstone and conglomerate, none look like the darker arenaceous limestones of the Windsor or Pennsylvanian series. Channels suffer dep and one more along an old joint face filled with the boulder conglomerate. Strong current action of torrential charac- ter is apparent at many points. As we go eastward through these continental deposits the con- glomerate becomes once and more decided within a few hundred feet further and all at once we are upon the erosim contact, a sharp contact, with the so-called "Dioronic" out of which we yesterday got Leacia Ridge. This contact shows clearly that the Pennsylvanian had been thrown into mountain folds before (these same ones saw yesterday in Forest Bay) these continental beds were wedded down the mountain side into the first water valley below. There one have the ancient mountain side of later Pennsylvanian time and the valley deposits set down against it. These younger deposits have since been deformed, or that their present dip is steeper than the original deposition slope.

Continued from over Crushed gneiss and fine grained red shales beds under cutaway. Come down through the fault to see what it is. The other side of the fault line shows green and red shales with some quartz, etc. Contacts! Another crushed zone here a half mile. Horizontal distance 300' 50' across Fault Light brick-red Triassic dirty fine grained sandstone. Folds in it. Great crushed gneiss seams out at Clarke Head du moment. Thick trap series. Permal hended putacorn. Fault Triassic sandstones dips NW. Area of seen - day pyramide. Great crushed gneiss and fantastic scenery Sea Front Trap.

"In the 'Deronic' = Pennsylvanian series at once four so far below the contact one sees an abundance of birolas and in about 200 ft from contact the Estheria are very common. Hyde got one Leacia lidgei 70ft below the contact. In places The "Deronic" is a series of shales, predominating green to argillaceous shales with thin bands of sandstones and in places with red shales. All are even crested and rippled extremely abundantly Every where the omne birolas abound, even in the even- crested layers. Evidently the deposits are of tidal estuary with the action of tides permanently over the area but as a rule exposed between tides or at least at time of very lowers tides. When the birolas are thicker then the Estheria are absent. In other places red sandy micaceous shales predominate dirty followed by sandstones, an occasional clear crushed quartz sandstone and then some silty shales filled with the birolas. At the eastern end of the section before arriving at the day covered area one sees dark green (slate) shales mud- cerudary ded with gypsum. At least 2 and probably 3 such places delay fault lines occur. These are crust gypses, and it is probable that some of the Windsor beds are thrust of orist faults of the bedded gypsum, but no recognizable Windsor beds encountered.

Some of the trap rocks fallen down on the shore show signs of fossils but as a rule are no abundant. The Triassic buts up sharply against the vertical and contorted sandstone, red and green shales of the "Devonic" series. The trap that primarily overlies the Triassic sandstone also ends at this fault line. The finding today by Ormies and then Hyde of small Arthropalaemon is convincing that these "Deromic" beds taken with Leacin are not Deromic but of Pennsylvanic age. In the Rivesdale - Unim series are again, in which Amie for Euthenias can be marries an Euprops.

near here. Towards the eastern end of the bay beyond the long rounded area the Triassic appears. It's light red fine grained dirty sandstone with rare an irregular whitish shell or is smelted, Of uniform character throughout. It dips away from the bay a to the north east. Over the top of the Triassic sandstone occurs the trap. At the base of the trap it is a decidedly crys- talline oliviacous trap without any vesicles. The shales beneath the trap are burnt to a whitish color for about 8 feet and then change to a purple hardened shale for 25 feet more before the regular Triassic red clay appears unaltered. On the outer end of the point the trap comes down to the shore. Here it has broken through the sandstone and done in the form of a dilly and has completely altered the sandstone. About 200 feet away where the (Triassic?) remains unaltered there is much secondary gypsum dike as stripes and sheets of 4 or even more inches thick. Farther away this gypsum does not appear. Evidently it is due to the hot nature swirling away from the trap dikes. As one comes around the (? trap dikes) one at once sees vertical and somewhat contorted beds of much hardened considerably and altered beds that appear to be the

It is remarkable that these Pennsylvanian beds do not furnish any hatcheforts. But from a Lingula or Orthoceras has been seen by Hyde after a week of collecting. The predominating fossils are the brachiopods, usually not more than 3 species. Than the Estheria and very few Leach, Astrorhacums. All of this evidence indicates marines beds but decidedly on the land side of an estuary. The area South of the Arquld must then have been a broad one of mud flats as often under the drying influence of the sun (ripping and sun-cracking) as under the influence of the sea. When the carbonaceous shale where depositing than the sea was deepest. This in such beds that the above species mostly occur.

After passing the Triassic on the west end of Charles Head one comes upm the crushed and rolled (falls upon hills) area making the entire front of the head. Red and green shales, sandstone, rock cut macous limestones, and great masses of gypsum lie upon one another in the greater confusion. The erosion relief of this stuff is more fantastic and is unlike anything I have ever seen. Evidently it is made up of bits of the "Devonian" and Carbon series are rolled together in more tangled mass. The color effects here are fine. Roundin Charles Head one again comes upon the trap but this time at sea level. It swallows nearly all of the little errc back of the head but not all for the most northerly part is again Triassic sand- stone. The latter dips again to the north so that all of the Triassic must be faulted in here. If the dip of the Triassic were to the south one could say that it have been formed on the slopes of the Orte- guild. On front of Charles Head beyond the crushed zone of Paleogries occurs isolated masses of the trap. It is a confused mass as if in a near or date and is greatly crushed and contorted.

Arrived at Joggins at 3 P.M. Thunder storms of a particular fierceness are on, the worst in 12 years. Or home we could not have spoken of the lightning. Did not go to the section. Stopping at Comr Struse.

Panstrovo, July 9-1912 Tuesday. Left Panstrovo on the 9.25 for the Joggins. As we got 10 miles n of Panstrovo we come upon a small lake and to the south of it for miles one is along the edge of a plain that looks to me like the alluviated valley of this great lake. Further on we see nothing in the topography suggesting the Cretaceous, he must therefore be in the Cumberland basin. The Springhill coal field is a very limited one and apparently in a down faulted tract. One bed is 13 feet thick and another 11 feet but not all good coal. We go south to Springhill Junction and now all the hills have a flat top, the denuded Cretaceous plain. Here we change cars for the Intermidial. We go west but 10 minutes and change again at Chacean when we have lunch. Here we change again on another small local road to go at 1.30 P.M. for the Joggins. Between Springhill Junction and Chacean one sees wide tidal flats that formerly were under the influence of the Bay of Fundy. The tide comes here to Chacean and above the regular tidal flats one sees the remains of another that lies far half 30 feet higher.

Continued Mud coverlet area @ About 1/3 mile across Strike N. 72 E. ← & there a fault in here → Chinude Tina Barn Continued Limestone Rift with U. and J. promin. Red sands ofales with time varies, to the S. Continues on. N. 80 E. Continued Continuation same brick red olite and- stone and kels. N. 64 E. N. 50 E. Section North of Crimblee Creek. Through hillock & Cloth-wort. Red sandy hds as to line as to me, to the north. Riffled. Red silts sandstones in argilline. N. 78 E. Inermist-grey olants overlaid somewhat over red bed. Coral bedded sandstone. N. 2 E. Red sands cross-bedded with fine paired shales and sandstones. N. 10 E. There are probably too few but his in this section to the N. of the map. North.

Joggins July 10-1912. Bedno day. Lost a dragon and drove motleast to Grimudie which is on the west side of Stetut Riva. Lost there about 9.30 A.M. The section here begins just to the north of Grimudie mark and is described on the opposite page. The brick-red shales are decidedly sandy, much [illegible] and somewhat semi-cracked but not very crused. Towards the sandstones and in the lower sandstones, some of mud was broken up and flattened down in flakes showing stream action. The sandstones are fairly clearly cracked, ruffled and much cross-bedded with considerable pieces of calcimized coral fragments more of which is even generally determinable. Just what the structural relations of the strata are on each side of Grimudie mark could not be made out because of a lack of outcrops. All seem to be of the same kind of material and probably belong to one formation. In the limestone - a blue and grey nodular limestone of buff color in thickness, had Peeten and small Prodructus suggesting the Brindon fauna.

"Just before noon we drove back again and at 1 P.M. got out of the car near at Dronning's Core. On the shore we came upon the coarse sandstone conglomerates of Argeus zone 7. The question at once arose do these beds belong to the Drindon? I did not think so and are then parallel with along the shore forming our greenish gray sandstones and shales with limestone conglomerates. These conglomerates occur in the midst of sandstones and ocal is the cementing material of the limestone pellets. These one as a rule sparse, less than one mile across, of different limestones and calcareous shales but usually a gray or light blue. In zone 8 the pieces are very large, and as a rule flat slabs anywhere up to 1/2 miles long and up to 1/2 miles thick. As one proceeds downward into zone 9 more and more red shale, and red sandstone come in but the limestone conglomerates constantly reappear downward until we has passed through 570 feet above the dark bed occurs. Below this then are 1148 feet of red shales and sandstones devoid of these conglomerates. At first I was inclined to see a marked essential unconformity 293 feet beneath the top of zone 8 and photographed it to show the con- tact (see also the photo sketch). As still other lime- stone conglomerates came in for 200 feet more.

and as I did not see marked erosional uncom- formity, nor a marked change in lithology concluded that there is no break in this fault of durmin &. All of the sandstones in & show cross-bedding and channeling into the shales below them but in the limestone conglomerates especially that are cross bedded and channeled under surfaces. It is probable that the li. cong. are made of duridon material of the Cerm limestone lining. I saw however no fossils, nor any dolomite like that of Millers quarry or of Onaximus Point. Then too hardly any red shale are seen in these li. cong. If this evidence is correct I do not see how any of the faults & can be regarded as of duridon age. Then for the presence of muddy payments some of which look like payments of Calamites give me a strong impression that all of 8 and certainly the upper 570 feet are of Pennsylvanian time. No one reports duridon limestone nor coal gypsum that is in place in these beds of 8, under these circumstances it seems to me that age y & had better be regarded as if Pennsylvanian age. Since 7 of Logan is 650 feet thick and of it 148 feet are conglomerates decidedly arkosic and as a rule of sharply angular material.

Limestone cryl. are scarce here and Logan reports but 16 fat. Of sandstone there are 144 fat and of shale 342 fat and all of which is red. Some of this material is a new source from that of the top of 8 and indicates some excessive erosion as one passes up into the section or normal in time. Division 6 of Logan is 3240 fat thick. In the basal 120 fat there are 4 thin thrust limestone interbedded in red shales. Three of these li. are six miles thick and one is 3 miles thick. They are gray hard and contain pyrite, and are regular interbedding as may be seen on the track for 100 yards. Two of them have pct. scales, fernrid and cycloid scales. Otherwise don't see anything. If these are marine limestone they should have marine animals and the rocks do not bear this out. There than 1889 fat consists of greenish- grey sandstone, 25 fat of yellow and 130 fat of red sandstone = 2043 feet of sandstone. Of shales there are 1039 fat and of this 670 are red the rest greenish. Div. 6 is therefore decidedly sandstone, for at the top the sandstone beds and has therefore been called the Millstone grit. Division 6 has a great quantity of comminuted plant remains and local crag streaks but never in regular beds. It gives me clearly the impression

"see Logan for further detail. This coal group 44, Dark Hue shales considerable, layers of clay limestone that have oysters and Ostreacra - Lepeditis. Bituminous li. 2 in Small coal "1/4 inch "Off big shale .3 inches Sand coal "1/2 inch Clay coal shale 3 in Impure coal 4 inches Black bituminous li 2 inches Good coal "1/8 inch to 3/4 Shally tadded 3 1/2 inches of bituminous limestone Shaly and level sub-liner "1/8 inch" of good bituminous coal Greenish shale replace with plant material and apparently Stigmaria roots.

I Coral Measures. All that we have seen today leads me to believe that all of the strata on the west side are of the definitional Yale. Where did all of this sediment come from? It's very different from the Pennsylvanian of the Paradox area. The Orthoquids are too small to have furnished it. It therefore must have come from the north and south. Joggins July 11- Thursday. A foggy morning with rain during the night. Drove north to the Brindstone quarry and then traveled north to Joggins Mines. Near the base of it there are red shales and red sandstones and these soon give way to dark greenish and carbonaceous shales. Near the top of the first carbonaceous layers there is 3 to 4 inch band of carbonaceous limestone with unrecognizable planktonic foraminifera and ostracodes. On each side of the limestone there is from 1 to 3/4 inches of good bituminous coal. Other carbonaceous shales nearby have an abundance of the Amnicula kelli, Haiderites, Ostracodes and Spirinthis. All of these kids are regularly bedded and appear to be...

laid down under the influence of standing water. Twenty feet above the coal gang #4 of Logan is a zone [illegible] of muddy sandstone interbedded with shales. The sandstone are thin semi-cervicing. Proof that the water depth had again been filled in. Twenty feet of depth had been filled in with sand and coal and coal muds. Apparently above coal gang #4 comes in a thick zone of sandstone, about 25 feet thick. It is irregularly bedded flaglike, channeled below on the dark cantracoccus shales, and channeled within the mass, great holes ten feet deep filled of cryst red sandy shales. Above is grit beds of shales, red and green below the main coal. The sandstone is evidently the inflowing in a storm followed by grating land conditions. Looking at the various thin zones one is struck by the regularity of the bedding where the coal is present. The adjoining sandstones are then, regular in thickness from one end of the cliff to the other. This is the condition or lay as the shales are cantracoccus but other thick sand- stones occur these are usually crudely semi bedded, cut into the shales below (= channel), or cut into their own bed of sandstone and allow the red shales above to deposit crusty sand in those hollows in a very irregular way. Where the coals are absent there the shales are a light red in color alternating with some green shales.

"As far as observed today the Calamites, ostracods and Spirinite are in greatest profusion in the carbonaceous and clay shales and are absent in the sandstones, red and green shales. This evidence seems to prove that the coral swamps are under the influence of the sea, are salt water marshes on which the tidal waters are constant but not deep. It will probably turn out that all of these forms are directly of marine origin being forms that live in brackish or even in almost fresh waters. In one piece of very impure sandstone near the coral marl at Joggins Mines we counted over 20 upright Calamites varying in diameter from 1 to 2 inches and in length from 4 to 18 inches. Of upright trees we saw throughout division of about half a dozen. The last one is just a little to the north of the coral marl at Joggins Mines. Broad coral plants are remarkably scarce along the shore. The nearest of all are the Ferns and or far there seem but 2 species. The leaves of Cordaites are very common in the sandstones. In the sandstones we often see streaks of coal from 1/8 to 3/8 thick and from 2 to 4 feet long. These are always fine bituminous coals and must be the

"result in single plant stem, say a 4 to 6 inch Calamite Lepidodendron. The theory of converting plant material as marsh gas it seems to me is largely erroneous. Due the formation of underground work here at the mines - for plants - I am sure. Promised together some forms before I leave. Sam Bray said that the Coal Seam is 3 feet 6 inches of good coal and that they are down on the heel 2800 feet. In all this distance the Coal has not varied 1 inch in thickness. This shows how uniform this Coal seam is and how uniform the marsh was. Of course it only means one-half mile square, in area.

The stump goes to the third / fourth growth mark and the curve point at 1/8 mile out of main stump. Over the face of two division 3. Add/d date For 50m cut out of a 2 somewhere. 12 inch The full run 50 m + 4 ft. 20 in. beam plate drill into steel Plate 30mm thick Job for dia for the job done Able to follow the original direction and then follow the curve of the beam into a new hole where it goes up and over the original 2-1/4 inch wide. The whole thing is one big piece. The two holes are about 8 inches apart. Dark gum filled two large holes. Shark feed line, If noticed Calamine is now to see how anything is to 3 inches in diameter Common / smaller and more job distribution can be seen for now this face of the sea where works in forest.

Joggins July 12- 1912, Friday Croth Hyde and Morris left us this morning to go Londry coal field. Bill and J started south along the section from Joggins. Found the interesting vertical Sejillaria and 14 Calamites illustrated on opposite page. Behave now passed over the material of the southern shore to a little south of Raised Reef. The material re- sembles much of Division 4. Throughout Div 3 there are regularly deposited greenish shales with coal streaks though these are of far less importance than in 4, but the sandstone appears to be of greater free. Division 2 appears to have no coal streaks though the greenish shale grous are still present. Ones begin to appear thick grous of soft crecen paired yellmish sandstone, that are once or less cross bedded but not or exeeing as known done in the section. In Division 1 at the base the yellowish sandstone between the extensive banks of red shales are thier and em- glomeratic. Between the coarse sand are fairly well rounded red, white, and some black glaint pebbles. At certain grous in the sandstone occur quantities of oddly material and in one place there is a large protactile refut dry and 8 mts in diameter. It looks more like lead nugget. There is near north hand of Two Rivers.

in the shallow pockets (up to several feet deep) and in the deeper quieter places, the red and purple shells settled down. Logans section goes to Phulie River and the flat bottom of the shoreline continues up to this river. To morning we will continue one mile to the south of Phulie River to Land River.

Channeling in Deer is marked and even the sandy red shales cut one another. As we got beyond Two Rivers the pebbles in the cany. got larger and now run up to twelve across. They consist of clear quartz, white, red and black quartzite, granite and black lydian stone. There are also more and thicker sandstone hoggs. The shales are now dark red or even purple. Actual change from red shales into sandstone and cany. may be seen along the strike in 200 feet. It is much if a jumble near the origin of the material. We came as far as Flat Fork where we are practically in the trunk of the syncline for the dip along the last mile is not over 10° and at times is prac- tically horizontal. The rocks are in very shallow undu- lations but in the long distance are still dipping south- ward. The sandstones are now decidedly can bedded and in the hollows lie the cany, orates though there are beds of can bedded cany, orates. Sometimes the purple shales lie in the channels that may be any- where up to 10 feet deep. I cannot understand how these can be continental in the sense of river deposits. It looks to me more like the deposits in a shallow estuary between mountains where the sea life could not form. The storm waves churned up the bottom throwing the sands into a hilly bottom with the pebbles (left)

Near Phulie, south bank, about half way only Conglomerate Heavy bedded, cm bedded conglomerate Blue shales Cm bedded sandstone Blue shales with Alymania roots 18" to 24" Sandstone, cm bedded Fault critical. Whitish 32, Purple shale about 6 feet thick 32 Purple shale about 6 feet thick 32 Then for this conglomerate one is thicker than any we have seen yesterday. Here it is 20 to 20 feet thick. It rests upon a purple shale, one with that and so, I at least 20 feet thick. The contact line is level and there is no channeling here as is usual with the cm bedded sandstone.

Joggins July 13 - 1912 Saturday. Left Joggins by buggy at 8 A.M. to drive To Shulie where we will crawl along the coast to Sand River, left to Shulie River at 10 A.M. and found the tide in at its highest, had to wait for the tide to fall before we could go along the shore. We started out at 12.30 after dinner. Near the front of Shulie River we came upon a vertical tree, core in the center with part of the earthy filled with dirt. It is noted in the blue sketch below and we can follow the early strata of the center of the trunk, into this blue hole for one foot or more. These beds are in Fletchers Tilmont Permians. See sketch on opposite page. About half way out of Shulie River we distinctly see the dips at a low angle dipping to the north. We are now in the southern limit of the syncline. About 10 miles south of Fall Brook there is a little fault on a day of about 3 feet. At Fifty-gallon Brook we came again upon one of the course conglomerates. Here the pebbles are larger than any we have so far seen. Mostly dark quartzites and in size up to 4 inches. Fairly well rounded but not completely rounded. Up to this brook it is evident that we are turning downward in the purple and red sh., and so, seen yester- day of the Flat Brook.

Sand River There may be faulting here. Dip O, go out. And up to the river. Amth. Geological sketch from Glan Cevc to Sand River. North carriage. small faulted area. Old stuff in the fault. 400m mine 0 hours. Sand Cave Quartz Dip North 300 ft. Fault here. 150-20S. dip 30° S. Sand River.

We have now gotten to the most prominent point to the south of Clam Cree once another third em [illegible] bed appears. Here the dip is over step to the north very so- far seen south of Shulie. It is also evident as we come south that the regularly bedded red shales drop out and the section becomes more and more sandy and conglomeratic. One and one granite [illegible] appear as we come south. The cross bedding is wonderful, channels are 2 feet across and four feet deep. The dip as far from Shulie has been two and one track appears to be about one- half along the strike, see Fletcher's map for dip and strike. We see much sand, lots of it 20 foot lay among the coarse sandstone and conglomerates. There is much more of this sand here than in the south of the Joggins. Immediately to the south of this point there is a broken and with probably small faults following it 1/8 mile, none of which have a throw greater than 5 to 6 feet. On some the throws is in the north and in others to the south. The beds in general continue to dip to the north. Bill has a sketch of these faults. As we proceed to Sand River the flattened beds again pitch to the south and at Sand River we are faced again in the beds seen shortly after leaving Shulie. That is a sandstone with many beds of

As this small patch is in Aermic the question arises what is all the other Dermic of Fletchcr's map? As we have seen that Parathno great areas are the Lean beds of Pennsylvanian age. Under these circumstances one gets shaky if much of Fletcher's work here in the Catskills.

conglomerate and very few continuous beds of red shale. The conglomerates are as coarse as farther north but there are more granite pebbles. The sandstone here as farther north are excessively cross bedded with very short lenses of red shales. On the other side of Sand River the beds again dip to the north. Apple River, July 14-1912 Sunday. After a late breakfast started out in a buggy for Eatonton about 8 miles south of this place to see Fletcher's Devonian. When we got there we soon found the outcrops in the small river, & forced to be a green schist which to me looks like a chloritic schist. It is penetrated by a red or an lilac crystalline leucogranite igneous material. The schists are initially a metamorphosed igneous rock that has undergone very decided pressure. There is nothing of a Devonian character in this schist and it is probably of Pre-Cambrian age. The dip given in the Devonian are planes of schistosity and not of bedding. In the room at Eatonton maybe seen the contact.

It began raining at 1 P.M. and we had to return to the hotel where we are considering over.

between the green schist and the hard crystalline is- news rock. Where it lies upon the schists the conglomerate is made of this schist, the pieces lie delta shaped, and are as angular as those now breaking out of the schist, in size the pieces are all the way up to 8 inches across. It's the material riddled down the hill sides, where the brown marks are hard grains rocks then the conglomerates consist of this same material. We then drive to Spicer Cove and saw the New Glasgow conglomerate that Fletcher states is 871 feet thick. This thickness has been determined by an out cropping. It's a brick-red vertical wall of conglomerate with boulders up to one foot across. None of the pebbles and boulders show much order and as a rule have the character of the material seen at Squally Point upon which the conglomerate rests, this conglomerate dips to the north as maybe seen in a long distance view but close inspection is not so readily seen. The grains of finer material are of short extent and all is bound together by a deep red tough mud.

Apple River July 15th 1912 Monday. A very foggy morning but we started out Smith to see the section. At the north end of the Pudsey Point Cave came upon greenish shales only irregularly overlain by a very course conglomerate. The contact is as follows: conglomerate Conglomerate Sandstone Green Shales 100 feet Beach Course sandstone conglomerate. As we proceed towards Pudsey Point it is seen that all of the strata are of the course somewhat reddish and in places greenish course conglomerate with short lenses of greenish shales and sandstones. The bowlders are more rounded here than those seen yesterday at Spicer's Cave but are of the same character here as there. The dip is regular all the way to the Point. Fletcher's section is worth noting as a record of the sequence of deposition, for it is a conglomerate gone with the other finer grained tills as local lenses. The thickness cannot be calculated by noting the dip and measuring on a map the area of these conglomerates.

In a number of places in the shale one saw an abundance of Stigmaria roots and at least a dozen critical small trees of 6-4 inch across. Some are Calo- mites, then Lepidaria, and probably also Cordaites for the leaves of C. are abundant. This evidence is only positive that these plants grew in the muddy swampy places while the streams close by were bringing in sand and conglomerates. We see our Charadites, Asterocarpa or Heterophis tree. As one gets around Pudsey Point and into lower beds one so mainly along the strike and see regularly bedded sandy shales, sandstones with thin and irregular bits of the conglomerate. Plant evidence is always at hand in these firm paired strata but little is recognizable beyond Cordaites leaves. Still further southward and into lower beds the conglomerates are firmer and the beds once sandstones cleared from with angular granite pebbles and finally red sandstones with the granite pebbles and some green- ish quartzite. These red sandstones occur on the rounder points to the north of Hoxne Cove. In some green sandy shales associated with the above and sandstones Bell found a ripple slab over 10 in. print. The large clods 1 ½ inch across among the ones abundant and ¼ in.

As we proceed around the rounded point into Spicer Cove we come upon more red coarse sometimes with granite pottles, pye somestimes and some green and iron carbmacious shale. The dip and strike remain as before. From here the strike would carry us to the south side of Spicer core and but little if any beds can come in before getting to the carbmaccious bed seen yesterday on the south side of Spicer Cove. There is now a long low dome that probably has shale in it and further south round at the stream there is at lastly another red coarse somestime with granite pottles and decidedly iron bedded. It has about the same dip and strike as the previous sandstone. Now forming still lower down and then the carlmac- and green shale Cone, shales see yesterday. Le green appears like the other more of the aleovite shifts seen yesterday. Red 271 antithine here positive suture carbma- calcum shales. My low dip known. ↓ small fault ↑ drop 6 feet (O) ↓ | 6ft | The fault (O) has dipped down 6 feet. Of the carbmacious and green shale there is at least 75 ft up to the brecciated gneiss. Carbmacious shale brecciated gneis 300 foot long New Slusford red pye coarse expelments. Branite vein is quite wide in here The put fault with a drop of from 6 to 12 feet

new Blaspm conglomerate & flat thins. cliff say is the definition. Ignous material Crassly crystalline red material. Broad a red mud on contact line. Large boulders further to north of contact. Contact a step one are irregular jagged. See photographs. The great mass of our Blaspm conglomerate seen in this cliff has come from the igneous mountains against which the conglomerate rests. The bedding is irregular with lenses of fire material. The Cliff stands of 100 or more full height almost as a single bed. Whereon bedding is shown it cannot be traced far laterally. The carbonaceous shales here at Spicen Cove reminds much of that at Joggins. As we have been descending in the strata all the day, it is probable that these beds are either on the top of 4 or are in Dr 3 of Logan. They have thin beds of coal, Fletcher states of 11-9 inches, but I would not say more than a few inches. Known carbonaceous beds we did not see in the Joggins area except in 4 and 3. As there is or smud of these dark shales, 75 foot or once, seem inclined to regard them as in either 3 or 4. From Fridays work it is clear that we con- tinuously descended in the section and attained

In all probability the top of Logan's Not. Where we started there were thick beds of conglomerate and no regularly bedded shales. Gradually the conglomerates became thinner and then sandstone with lints of granite boulders came in along with some regularly bedded shales, some of which have car- bmacerus and even one upright tree. Finally more and more shales were in the section. The fault at the south side of Apicus's Cove where an idea has a far greater throw than Josephson assumed by Fitcher. I will give surprised if it goes to 2000 feet and even more. In the carbmaceous shales of Apicus Cove I found rain imprints, Paur or Radiolites, Ostracods or Spirink's here. All of the beds seen today are evidently of fresh water origin. Some of the Pennylvanian must have crossed over the Cite guides. Possibly 4 did while divisions 2 and 1 of the rejuvenate Cite- guids represent the continental uplifts are seen at Panstron.

Joggins July 16-1912 Tuesday. Loking at 3.30 A.M. this morning at Apple Rim till the mail wagon came to Joggins. Here we arrived at 10 A.M. Leemans Brook At 11.30 A.M. drove out to Mill Cove or, and then walked to Black Point at the north turn end of the Joggins area. Here near a series of conoe sandstones predominan- tly red in color, but there are also greenish beds, all of which have widely distributed troughs of small rounded pebbles of vein quartz, some granite and quartzites, but the majority of the vein quartz. Some of these pebbles range around one 1/2 inch. There is known me some of red conglomerate about 3 feet thick in which the red pebbles range up to 2 inches across. These harder beds are interbedded with zones of high-red shales. Some of the beds show evidence of plant remains but would not make out even the general (see later remarks). The sandstones are decidedly cross bedded and in quick troughs as seen about Apple Rim in Area 2. Ripples are also plentiful, some seem crossing, and we layen in rain pitted. Many layers of the ss. have interbedded shale conglomerate, graded of shale layers. There is no gypsum here, nor a trace of limestone, or even limonite pebbles.

"The dips and strile appear to be the same through up to the Elysian fields. Bring south we come into a small core in which the measures are concealed partly due to their being clear where. The floor one sandstone like that of Black Point. Here I saw a good leaf in outline of Cadaitz and a poor impression of what I took to be Lepidodendron ( the one or common in the coal dumps at the Jiggins Mine, it has square leaf bases). A similar Lepi was seen by Bell at Black Point. and Then another one concealed measures all the way to Leemans Brook and around Mill Cove. Partly one out shales are in here. Then immediately to the south are picked up in the lead prices of limestone with London Products. As it rained hard at 4 P.M. we had to quite cave. Stopping at a farm house just at Mill Cove we learned that part limestone prices are to be seen at low tide and as his land has silt in it, with gypsum on another farm one inland it is evident that the London series comes in just to the south of Mill Cove. Leemans section begins less than one mile south of this point.

From these narrations although imperfect it is evident that the Brindon series appears at the end of Logans section and not in it as many have assumed. Further as the strata of Black Point dips in the reverse direction from those to the north of Downing Creek and with the same strike and low inclination that we have at Mill Cure the apex of a flat an- ticline. Logans just syncline therefore here comes to an end and passes over into a just arch. The rocks of Black Point in all probability are somewhere in the upper part of Logans divisions & further north the topmost beds that have the limestone enplo- ments. This matter can easily be worked out by Bell who will do or during the summer. What the relation of the Brindon series is to the Jogging series we do not yet know but it will in all probability turn out to be one of angular unconformity. Tomorrow are go by rail to Oorakatu and then by carriage south to Hardledge which is at the peninsula opposite Joggins Mines.

Joggins July 17-1912 Wednesday. A fine day after the storms and tops of the last two days. Left Joggins Mines at 10.30 A.M. in Dorches- ter from where we will drive to Standledge. Arrived at Dorchester at 1.30, stopping at London until the boat broke all up on out with. After dinner walked south 3 1/2 miles and nearly all the way was on the equivalent of Joggins division 6. It's here a coarse, heavily cross bedded, light grey sandstone with zones of conglomerate, most of which pebbles are well rounded being quartz though there are some of granite and quartzite. As we did not go along the shore cannot say how much shales are present. At Dorchester Cape we came upon the contact between Joggins division 6 and 7. Division 6 ends dere as above described but as a more decided con- glomerate and rests sharply on red shales of division 7. The contact is irregular - I do channelled contact - but no more so than many another sandstone resting on shales of the same series seen at the Joggins. At the top of division 7 there are some red conglomerate that may be the equivalent of 7 at the Joggins though here the thickness is far greater than at Dorchester Cape. Intertidally with these

cylinders are red shale completely filled with nodular chalk from nodules some of which are small limestone. They are all sizes from 1/2 inch up to several inches and often they are so abundant as to coalesce and form lags. All of these nodular pieces are apt to weather greenish giving me the impres- sion that copper salts are present and they are or abundant in Ellis shale, just above thick division 7 is at Orcheston Cape I did not ascertain but it did not appear to ore to be thicker than 100 to 200 feet. Below this division 7 follow a great thickness of sandy brick red shales at the top of which the (The crusty clay we did not see these at the contact above Standbridge) lime nodular gries are particularly abundant. Lower down the seems to vanish but one did not go far enough south to prove this. No fossils occur in these nodules of limestone and chalk from nodules. The sedimentation is quite regular and while we gets the idea that they are continental deposits with caliche gries I am questioning whether they are the deposits of shallow sea flats. We noticed nor saw cracking through the outcrops once not favorable to see them. These brick-red sandy shales appear to be in Lyons division 8, see 2 photographs.

I am impressed here with the abundance of rein quartz pebbles and the rarity of the red granite pebbles. As we approach the Otsego, the granite pebbles became more and more abundant while the rein quartz pebbles became more and more abundant from Dennings Cove to Dorchester. Does this mean that these white pebbles have come from the Deer Run anticlinal fold core? The granite pebbles certainly have come from the Otsego. At the base of division 7 at Dorchester Cape Isaw a fair Calamites 1 1/2 meters in diameter and 14 meters long. Other unusual organic plant remains were present.

Orchestre July 18792. Thursday. Starts out with a wagon at 7.30 A.M. in Hundlepe, The Red Shales seen yesterday continue with the same dip and strike N at least a mile further into Els'. S. 4 which should therefore be S. 1. About 3 miles further south (a little muddy Hundlege) we came upon a syncline, Starting at the north it is as follows: Heavily cross hidded coarse Sandstone the dip of which cannot be made out Dark grey sh with the oo. About 30 feet. Lay pebbles only then fine sandstone About 30 feet Then reddish coarse for sandstone. Cross grilles may be 20 foot Very thick It is probable that these beds are repeated to the south S Seams like gray mix into an arch or anticline Red sh with sandstone About 50 feet Grey coarse red 10 feet. Lay out and about 20 ft. Sandmill Here Bent bedded red sh, and sandstone About 5 to 6 o foot Section reflects itself gray south around a little print Finally we comes upon the thick zone of sandstone D Dust S Sandstone D. It's a thin hidded coarse, heavily cross- hidded gneiss sandstone with prostrate Craig lags of Corailes. Calanites are also common, and pieces of leaves of Cordaite are also present. Much of the wood appears like Cordaites and Calamites, there may be also some Lepidodendron. Call saw Lap. from S with 25.30 feet This redded course grays hidded gneiss milk gray continues fast very thick From north thin 25.50 ft. more sandstone Dark time Bulky with thick 25 ft. from S. About 10 miles

Sandstone 2). Where the shelter-shelter plants are accumu- lated one finds many small clay-crin stems growing and gives the appearance of a conglomerate. Here also many cross beds oral streaks up to one inch thick. This is true for all of the older sandstones seen going south. Thin bedded shaly ms, Piffled and some clevelds See Plate 50 full thin / Predominating green m's, and some reddish b., and more and more forms of clay in nature a modern implication regarding conglomerates. They are interlaminated conglomerates. (= transition bed into Millstone grit) Finally red grms appear between the green sandstones and written a few hundred feet we are again in red-brown-red shales. (= division 8) In one of the green sandstones in the transition zone one sees days and fine Stymania crts across 20 ft. of surfaces. The transition appears to be gradual from the Millstone grit into the red beds of division 8, as a later interpretation. The dip becomes greater from the same angle southward and at Handbridge they are nearly vertical but there is still a dip to the northward. In the top of the red beds one sees here the same if the transition zone circular concretions as seen yesterday 3 1/2 miles south of Rochester. This zone of shale is 50 to 30 ft thick and thereafter red more on conglomeratic sandstones interbedded with thin grms of red shales. There are at least 300 to 400 ft. of these before the section vanishes in low cliffs where the rocks are concealed. A warp? -is the plant root. red shale is south of this point about 1/2 mile. The shapes are

Still vertical when last seen. Some of the shale beds are red disturbed but in general the dip is about vertical. As I pro- ced along these low cliffs, I see nearly 800 feet or more of brick red shales, sometimes all standing vertical, softly with the same strike to the gypsfum roof in the next southward going 1/3 mile nothing is seen up to the roof. Partially the brick red shales of cliv.8 are in view. On the north side of the roof considerable gypsum sticks out resting on brick red shales. The dip and strike are totally different. The dip is steeply to the southeast at least 45° The gypsum is therefore the lower beds seen of the Winton on the north side of the roof series. Over it follows brick red shales with gnomes of exposure nodular limestone that have red shales snuffed around the modules. known points less than 300 feet. Bill tells me that it is in this limestone that he saw at lowy tide the Winton nautili, and tirelores. These are the lowest strata to be seen on this side of the peninsula. Over them lie a very great tickness (perhaps 3/4 of a mile across the strike of strata) dipping irregularly at about 30 to 35 degrees) of brick red shales in which I saw but a single bed of sandstone less than 2 feet thick. Then come in more and more of finally at the point Cape Marinspoun =transition zone sandstones with red shales interbudded and then the regular Chellstone grit. I could see not suddenly break in sedimentation here no more than I did at the northern end of the anticline near the oaw oerill.

As we get into the basal beds of the Millstone Grit at the farthest southern point - about 1/4 miles south of the gypsum quarry we see again the zones of nodular limestone conglomerates seen this morning near Hard Ledge. All of these things go to show that we are on the opposite side of the anticline seen this morning by being on the northern limb near Hard Ledge. The anticline is evidently a closed one and with slight slippage goes along the northern side near the Millstone grit. At the gypsum quarry the southern dip is again of the regulative dip, about 20-35 degrees, seen or noted here in the Cumberland Basin. Evidently the line between the Joggins series and the Windon series is true drawn where the brick-red shales without sandstones and without conglomerates cease. Joggans division I is not the base of the Joggins series but far down in Div 8 beneath all of the conglomerates and nodular limestone a considerable beds. Where the brick red shales become constant those are the Windon beds, where they are conglomerates they are of the Joggins series. The latter always have Pennsylvanian Plants while the brick red shales have no plants at all.

Detail from the gypsum bed south wall. Measurements are uncertain: Some distinction here, also correct. gypsum 10 feet [illegible] Brick red shales Pink. 50 feet [illegible] shale Red clay Grey shale 3-20 feet Green stone Orange limestone Bauxite li Amber shale Conglomerate Red sandstone Grey stone Brick red shales Thickens upwards if 2000 feet. Shore concluded for the present to draw the top of the Windsor at the top of the fine grained laminated red cross- cledded sometimes at the top of the brick-red sandy shales. The following section is on the north link of the anticline south (= Standbridge) of the small cave well seen this morning:- S -- N. origin of anticlue [illegible] 3 feet 4-6 feet and left and Brick red sandy shales. 9 feet thicken down to gypsum bed, Fine grained Green-red conglomerate in. 12 feet Sandy lamin. finely red laminated red stone Laminated red stone Greyish sandy shales full of piece of the Windsor red shale 1-4 feet Coarse greenish lss. Quartz are fossilized shells. 10 feet Windsor series No 8. [illegible] series No 7. -- N. This bedded sand and greenish sand red. 10 feet, Shore bedded coarse Greenish Sandstone 40 feet Red sandy and laminated red shales with the top of red Sandstone. at about 100 feet. -- N. Red thin bedded shales ss. 2 feet [illegible] red 16 inches, Same as before 16 feet Red Shales 5 feet Red thin bedded fine grained ss. 20 feet Sima or 4 feet Red sh. 10 feet Continued are

-> h. Red s 9 ft Red 2ft Heavy reddish light red s. 20ft Crumbled Circular grey liff 3 ft Red s Circular Grey 8 and 6 ft Circular angle can crumblod s. 8 feet, -> h. Craze redclink s. 10/ft Red 2h. 6ft Lower reddish conglomerate and quartz pebbles About 7 feet thick Shift one after another of these great conglomerates appear. We saw it section elsewhere. It is very fortunate that the Bridon-Joggins line of separation as now drawn will stand. It will probably be shown that the tip of the Bridon is any different in different places. For instance at Cape Anchester seen yesterday the tip of the bright red clay had an immense amount of ligning concretions, At Hardridge nothing of these teds is present. In other places Elles notes the contact between the Drillstone grit and the Bridon is decidedly unconformable. The Bridon series is thus for layed a red shale series, we saw 200 foot thick limer which appears to be 200-300 feet more of shales in which occur the fridifuns limestone and the gypsum.

Toura July 19-1912. Friday Left Dorchester at 8.30 A.M. and arrived at Toura at 11.30. Stopping at the Stanley House. It began to rain at Dorchester and here at Toura it rains hard all day. Bound to the Hotel. Late in the afternoon after the rain walked through Victoria Park. A small stream comes rushing down the hill and has cut in the Oriopecock, a drain a sharp V shaped valley. It's a romantic cliff turned into a pretty park. The Oropecock stands at a high angle and consists apparently of sandstone and sandy shales all lacerated by the mountain eroding forces. Over the Oropecock very unconformable lies the Triassic which also has a dip but it is very low probably less than 10°. On entering the park we see the Triassic almost at the level of the stream and in less than ½ mile distant it rests on the Oropecock at an elevation about 200 feet above the stream level. The Triassic topography was therefore a rough one.

Truro-Brockfield July 20-1912. Saturday. Start at train this morning at 9.20 for Brockfield of which is about 8 miles south of Truro on the railway To Halifax. At Brockfield we first walked east a little over one mile to quarries in the limestone operated by Ben- jamin. It is taken out for fluey for the iron furnaces at Tremadery which are north of Truro on the southern slopes of the Cotequids. Much gypsum is also exposed here. Fossils are exceedingly scarce here and anything but what is far better at London. We then walked to the old abandoned Iron Mines near Leander Nelson's house. Saw pieces of the limestone in the stream and a few broken products to but nothing of value. We then visited the quarries about 1/2 miles east of Brockfield in the upper Pleasant Valley. Here fossils are plentiful but exceedingly poorly preserved and the brachiopods dwarfed to about half their size at London. There may be 20 feet of limestone exposed here, the lower half of which are calcareous shales full of Finestella and Rhombophoria. Above come in coarse detrititic and porous limestones in which the fossils are hard to see but are seen to be present in burnt pieces. The Dielasma and Semiacula are abundant but very small. Here at...

these limestones some distance evidently occurs the gyp- sum for sink-like topography is evident. Above the limestone occur the brick-red slabs as maybe seen along the road side to the south half way in to Brookfield. The last locality more probably represents the horizon of the Miller quarry near Windon, The Brookfield limestones disappointed me greatly for I expected a somewhat similar effect being found to that of Windon. He returned to Taupo a little before 8 P.M.

Film I 1 Panatro Leia f2, 8-25 11 A.M. Good light dip S-E 2 " Firm one in side. 3 " conglomerate beds at 10 feet. Potts of to 8 inch. 4 " Contact. Arisifan. All of the above are in Fletchers or called "Devonian." 5 July 8. East 1 Panatrom, Templetar hole in cong., 6-25, min A.M. 6 " 8 Side of under holes below the conglomerate, churned by the water. 6-10, 9A.M. 7 " 8 Erosion contact between the so called "Devonian" and the continental series of more recent Pennsylvanian age 8-25, 7:30 A.M. In sun light, 8 July 8. Looking D.M. into the Bay of Fundy towards New Bay. The outer islands in Triassic. 8-25 Noon. 9 July 8: Pictured rocks near second day gypsum on M. limit of gyp zone 10 July 8. Bed and gun sl., with second day gypsum veins, Spring hole and water. Gypsum in irregular veins. 8-25 11 " July 8. Triassic and traps on top. Looking south west 12 " Same looking A E, with the Pal. fault vertical.

Film II. 1. July 10. Contact between 8 ft of red shale and 8 feet of SS, conglomerate. Beds 24 and 25 of Div. 8 of Spanish section. At first I think it was the contact zone between Ordovician series and Pennsylvanian because of the irregular contact. [illegible] P shale Tokes P shale Red Sandstone. <--PLATE--> 2. July 10. First trip at low tide. Millstone grit series, Hyde and Onaris in trap area. 3 . 11 Side wheel steamer, land power, Smith etch quarry. 4 . 11 Smaller lens in red shale. A channel 20 feet long. At the base of Lyons No. 4. 5 . 11 The cliffs of No. 4. Looking N. towards Millstone G. 6 " 12 Jogging cliffs looking S. from Jogging marsh. 7 . 12 The vertical trees sketch elsewhere, (130 feet high) 8 . 12 A vertical tree transformed into charcoal. In Div. 2 of Judith smith of Ragged Reef. A Cordacite in Dalorgyn. 9 . 12 Calcinite 30 inches long 3 x dia in shale standing up. 25. SS 10 . 12 Red shale with channel SS at Torr River mills. 11 . 12 [crossed out] Damned among the rocks at low tide. The full area must 12 " 12 In Div. 1 of Lyons. Carr bedded S. Red shale laterally replaced by SS.

Film III 1 July 12 Cannelrig, three holes in track of oo; dark green shells bottom m.; channel 3 foot deep. 2 " 12 A distinct channel in the track at Flat Brock. About 12 feet across and 3 feet deep. Riffled on inside. 3 " 13 Red oo, cutting red holes at Phulie's Point Red hulls Red sh Red st Red m. Red sho Red n Red ch Red shells Pay m. 4 July 13 Bottom of Phulie's Point, Red oo, and purple hole dipping N. Near the base run m is an irregular green hole 6"-18" thick; but is not many feet away in regular definition here. 5-6 " 13 Two cases of regular and irregular bedding. On a fracture, near mstl joint south of Phulie's Point. 7 " 13 The tip end gone at Fitty Gillam Brock. Band 20 feet high Taken at one foot. 8 " 15 Opicera cure. Contact N. Glasgow argl. and igneous rock. 9 " 15 " " Several views of N. Glasgow argl. 10 " 15 " " nearer views of cliffs 11-12 " 15 " " 12 and 10 feet at large huddle argl Film IV 1 Has nothing on it. 2 July 17 An old English house in Dorchester 3 " 17 View of Sheppord from Dorchester 4 " 17 "mean formable contact between 'On the Shore' and Bishie. N of b.i. Dorchester 5 " 17 The top of the Red Beds Porting D. About 4 miles N of A on track here.

6 July 17. James on 5 but for hundred fat man out. June 8. 7 " 17 Rills on round hots. direction of fenplain. 8 " 18 Rippled - sun-creces Millotnegrit. Near Handledge 20 Feb. 9 . 19 Acorn to Hopfordsy. Near Handledge

my8 be 230 1/4