It is remarkable that these Pennsylvanian beds do not furnish any hatcheforts. But from a Lingula or Orthoceras has been seen by Hyde after a week of collecting. The predominating fossils are the brachiopods, usually not more than 3 species. Than the Estheria and very few Leach, Astrorhacums. All of this evidence indicates marines beds but decidedly on the land side of an estuary. The area South of the Arquld must then have been a broad one of mud flats as often under the drying influence of the sun (ripping and sun-cracking) as under the influence of the sea. When the carbonaceous shale where depositing than the sea was deepest. This in such beds that the above species mostly occur.