Clapp, Roger B., 1963-1964, 1968

R. Clapp 1963 Dec. 3. Midway Island, Pacific Ocean. Arrived midway 1600. Met Jim and got established in BOQ. Walked around and looked at local fauna. Laysan albatross everywhere; Black-Feet toward beach. Many rock-loves and canaries obvious by song in Casuarina around buildings. Golden plower and ruddy turnstone present and very tame. Fairy tern and noddies in Casuarina Jim further briefed me on Midway-Kure- Walked around and watched albatrosses. Jim says Fisher has worked 6 years on breeding biology_ etc. and has a grad.-student getting PhD on behaviour. Black-foot on other hand has hardly been studied and it is here we should concentrate albatross efforts. Bill clapping of Laysan is arrhythmic when disturbed, higher pitched than that of deeper- billed black-foot. Triangular plot by BOQ had 47 albatross 29 occupied nests; one empty nest at 4:30 At 5:30 - 56 birds on area. (Laysan) Egg displaced to rim of nest was approached and set upon; accidentally being shifted toward center of nest. Bird made no retrieving motions with bill. Of 54 sleeping birds 31 slept with head under right wing; 23 with head under left. No population significance? Perhaps should be checked on an individual basis.

Clapp, R. Dec. 1963 or Jan. 1964 Sand Midway - Eastern Island Went down to the over-run area in the afternoon. Spent same time watching a small feeding flock of shorebirds. (3 Dunlin, 1 Golden Plover (not feeding)) about 15 Ruddy Turnstone, and 2-3 Sanderling) Ruddy turnstone feed predominantly on the grassy areas near the water; Sanderling in the more pebbly ground and at the edge of the water; and Dunlin in the grass with the turnstone. The feeding movements of each are distinctive. Sanderling make many relatively widely spaced "surface probes" moving from point to point in their feeding area. Turnstone are somewhat similar except that they seem to probe the ground deeper and more strike more frequently at the same area. Dunlin, as might be expected with their longer bills; probe deepest of all, sometimes apparently "worrying" their bills into the ground - 2 Green-winged teal seen on grass at edge of long over-run pond at edge nearest to ocean -

R. Clapp 1964 Journal Green Island - Kure Atoll, Hawaii, Pacific Ocean Jan. 1. - Spent most of morning and afternoon Clearing paths through Scaevola along the northeast edge of the island to facilitate banding red-footed boobies. Got 26 at night although the moon was out and almost full. (About four times as many as when we tried to push our way through the Scaevola) Also recovered a frigate whose too tight band was causing injury to the leg. Although the band was fastened properly it was just too small for the size of the leg. Am discontinuing banding frigates until something Can be done about this. Since the moon did not come up until 8:46 or so we banded Bonin Petrels. ( ) The moon Seems to be a major factor determining the number of birds on the island. Also collected one sooty storm petrel on Shearwater Area II. Banded a single, rather thin golden plover on the north antennae field. Activity study was conducted in morning by King until 9:00 A.M. After finishing banding; worked at transferring records per Wintz's request until 2 A.M.

13 Jan. Time Light Reading # Frigate # Red-footed Booby 1600 H 7.50 44 3 1610 H 7.25 45 3 1620 H 7.00 50 3 1630 H 7.50 52 3 1640 H 6.50 56 2 1650 H 6.50 57 15 1700 H 6.50 57 21 1710 H 6.00 60 20 1720 H 6.25 67 23 1730 H 5.75 70 28 1740 H 5.00 73 33 1750 H 4.75 69 35 1800 H 4.00 78 39 1810 H 6.50 81 41 1826 H 5.00 86 46 1830 H 3.25 86 55 1840 L 3.00 90 est. 57 Only one Frigate seen in flight from ocean after 1835. First Bonin 1840. Clouds largely obscuring sun. Very cool to cold. Strong wind at level of tower from 1600 to nightfall.

6.Dec. Green Island, Kure Atoll, Leeward Islands Spent the day surveying, measuring and tabulating the plants on the plant succession study areas. Completed three plots and a fifth of the fourth. In the evening Ken and I recaptured the Masked Boobies on the antennae field. There were several reasons for this: 1. It would allow us to make the most accurate population estimates. 2. It would tell us if new birds were entering the population. 3. It would give us an estimate of population structure. (in terms of sex and age structure) 4. It would allow us to tell whether the pairs recorded at time of banding were still functioning as pairs. 5. It would allow us to mark birds by sexes to further facilitate further studies. Males were marked with a cross bar; females with a dot on the head. Birds unidentifiable or unidentified as to sex were given a longitudinal streak on the forehead. A single bristle-thighed curlew was seen on the north beach; I hand caught a near starving golden plover which we banded and released and Bonin Petrels appear fairly common in airfield area.

{ "text": "Some laysans are still dancing and\na pair of Black. Boots was also seen\ndancing.\n(or stage of breeding cycle)\nPerhaps the population size and\nhabitat precludes club formation but no\nevidence of clubs was seen in this area.\nSeveral of the juvenile masked boobies\nshowed a pronounced flecking on the back.\nApparently some at least are beginning\n(to molt into subadult plumage).\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n[illegible]\n [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

8-Dec. At about noon took short excursion up beach from pier to south point. 9 seals were on the point including one very small specimen but none were tagged. Two more seals were in the first clump of shrubbery coming back from the point. One was tagged 275. At K47 Two more seals were in the shrubbery. One was tagged 200 While banding birds with Ken towards this area banded a bird and displaced it from its nest. Ken brought me a second bird from a nearby nest which I banded and released the second bird immediately went to the first nest (about 15 feet from its own) and settled upon it. The first bird returned to the nest, looked puzzled and nudged its head under the second bird and pushed against it lightly. There was no active agonistic behaviour but both bird sporadically bill clapped. Perhaps this is low intensity agonistic behaviour. When we left the second bird was still firmly entrenched on the nest.

9. Dec. Spent early morning catching up records - Then went out and banded about 52 birds Completing string started yesterday afternoon. All were haysans - The area covered was the right side of the road going toward the airstrip, The airstrip inner edge facing south and the strip of grass + morning glory type vine between Scaveola running from the airstrip to behind the oil tanks. Of 38 birds banded and 10 recovered 28 birds were not on nests and were presumably non-breeders or prebreeders. Of 10 birds banded on the edge of the airstrip 7 were "loose" birds - A total of 35 out of 48

Journal R. Clapp Dec. 10 - Green Island, Kure Atoll, Hawaii - Pacific O. Spent the morning with Ken nailing down slats on the roof so that it would not blow off. On Sunday when we had a severe storm the wind against the north end of the shack had begun to pull loose the screws holding the roof on. The job took us until about noon to complete. While we were nailing the roof down we heard tropic birds calling. Over the area to the south there were six tropic birds in two groups of three Calling but not displaying. Frigates were in the air all day in good numbers In the afternoon Ken and I tried to resurrect the tower near the north point but found it too heavy for us. Following this we tried to complete the last of the succession study plots but found that the inordinate amount of measuring ran us out of time as it began to rain at quarter of five. While we were working on the study plot, we made an interesting behaviour observation on the Frigate bird and red-footed booby. The frigate-bird was flying overhead trailing about a five-foot strip of vegetation. The booby was chasing it, following every twist and turn of the frigates' flight. The chase lasted for about 15 minutes. The booby would gradually overtake the frigate-bird (both making poor progress against the wind) and reach down and nip at the trailing vegetation. The frigate-bird would then duck and dodge away, & the red-

Footed Booby would continue to chase him. Both birds were immatures.

1963 R. Clapp Journal Dec. 11 8:50 Antenna Field - In early morning spent some time checking Laysan nests. Picked up Bonin Petrel with badly broken wing. The bird was a female and dead the ovary was small (5-6 mm.) Saw both Laysan Albatross and Red-billed Tropic Bird on North antennae field. Both should be good skeleton specimens Albatross skeleton was near J-12, red-billed tropic bird skeleton between J-12 and Loran antenna. 9:00 - 6 adult 1 immature masked booby on north antennae field. The rest of the morning was spent helping Doctor Fisher catch two seals for the Honolulu Aquarium. Both were small and neither was tagged One died in cage sometime in the late afternoon and was taken to Midway by Ken. While out at the south point collecting these seals, a large sandpiper was seen feeding around a fresh water rain-pool near the dump. With it were golden plovers and ruddy turnstones. Subsequently I went back and collected it. It proved to be a species unknown to me. It was about the size of a yellowlegs, with a white V-shaped rump patch, and greenish grey legs. The iris was dark brown. later I saw 6 tropic birds (RT) again in two groups of three; but a member of the crew has told me that he saw a seventh yesterday. Spent later part of afternoon making sure that all banding schedules were correct & up to date. At about 3 we had a phone patch.

Dec. to Sundell at Johnson. ○ Dec. 12 Shorebird Census - how Tide Section - Lawns around buildings 4 Golden Plover Road to pier 1 Ruddy Turnstone Between K1 and K2 2 Golden Plover 2 Sanderling Between K4 and K5 2 Ruddy Turnstone

Connecting road-beach-airstrip 2 Golden Plover 1 Ruddy Turnstone 1 Ruddy Turnstone 1 Golden Plover 3 Golden Plover 20 Ruddy Turnstone 2 Sanderling 1 Golden Plover 4 Ruddy Turnstone By far the greatest proportion of shorebirds at the south point were on the windward side; that is to the east. Airstrip east edge 5 Golden Plover 2 Ruddy Turnstone 1 Golden Plover 1 Golden Plover Flying over Airstrip Airstrip west edge Connecting roads-beach-airstrip 2 Golden Plover South antenna Field (10:00 A.M.) 4 Golden Plover 3 Ruddy Turnstone Road to antenna shack > 4 Golden Plover North antenna field 13 Golden Plover 16 Ruddy Turnstone Totals - Golden Plover 49 Ruddy Turnstone 66 Sanderling 7 Wandering Tattler 2

Dec. 12 Shorebird Census - High Tide Section - Census began 12:40 Grounds around building 1 Golden Plover Road from buildings to pier 1 Golden Plover K4 - Flying into dunes 1 Ruddy Turnstone North Point 4 Ruddy Turnstone K17 - in dunes 1 Sanderling B K17 + K18 outo beach 1 Golden Plover Flying out of Scavola 2 Ruddy Turnstone 1 Wandering Tattler B K20 + K21 1 Ruddy Turnstone 1 Wandering Tattler B K23 + K24 in dunes 1 Golden Plover Connecting Rd.-beach-airstrip 1 Golden Plover 3 Ruddy Turnstone

Dec. 12 - Notes on Seal Distribution Around Island One seal in water at north point. Seal on beach at north point tagged 215. Untagged seal on beach in Scaeola at K14. Untagged seal in Scaeola between K14 and K15. Small seal (248) between K16 and K17. Seal 240 on beach at K22. Tagged seal 210 at K26. Untagged seal near K27. Seal 208 near K27. Seal 201 on beach near K33. 2 Seals in water near K36; one on beach in Scaeola (#206) Two tagged seals at North Point at about 1:00 One was #264 - On the afternoon shorebird census 14 seals were on the beach at the South Point. Tagged # 201,206,251,243,275

Journal Dec. 12 Spent most of the morning and afternoon Taking two shorebird censuses, one at high and one at low tide - Saw four brown boobies roosting on rocks at K27 Also noted a Ruddy Turnstone feeding on seal excrement, right at the edge of the seal. Seal untagged near K27. Ten frigates were seen flying low over rocks at beach edge at K30, one of which was mandibulating a small piece of wood. All were immatures. Noted at 10:00 A.M. South Antenna Field 7 adult masked boobies 3 immature North Antenna Field 11 adult masked boobies 6 immature 24 Brown Booby were seen in flight over the north antenna field - There were also two nesting or post-nesting brown boobies. They had down on the head and were incapable of flight. While taking the afternoon-high tide census a single Hawaiian Noddy was seen flying across the south point. At about 3:00 P.M. The south antenna field had 15 adult masked boobies and four immatures. A single bird was seen which was intermediate between immature and subadult phases. The back of the neck and the area above the folded wing contained more brown than is true of most subadults. The rump was largely brown. At 2:30 P.M. the north antenna field contained 50 adult masked boobies - 6 immatures

Dec. 13 - As of today, there are 28 black-footed albatross nests in the loosely colony on the south point near study nest 22.

1963 Green Is; Kure Atoll, Hawari, Pacific Ocean R. Clapp - Journal - Dec. 15 Much of the morning was taken up with records and upon the activity study. Prior to beginning the activity study a single fairy tern was seen flying over the island in the vicinity of the boat pier. Spent some time during activity study watching displaying haysan at foot of tower. While earlier displaying vigorously at the time of observation they were merely facing one another, frequently dropping bill to ground to manipulate or near manipulate small objects at the surface. There were occasional instances of tucking the bill under the wing but none resulted in the full, rather formal display, with a bill snap upward. This preening under the wing, while perhaps serving a display function is not ritualized as in the bill snap upward; and the release of the head from under the wing has a very "casual" appearance. Occasional preening of the breast feathers took place by both birds. Shaking + ruffling the feathers also occurred. Besides bowing and mandibulating at ground the birds grab gently at one another's bill and nibble one another around the neck. The aforementioned behavior patterns occur either when the birds are standing up or when both are resting on their tarsi in the sand. One of the two birds neither of which had yet been handled by us; roached down, picked up a small straw; turned its head and put it behind it. Possibly this is some antecedent of nest-building behaviour partially

1963 Green Is., Kuwe Atoll, Hawaii, Pacific Ocean R. Clapp Dec. 15 Journal incorporated into the display patterns of the species. Black-footed Albatross Census - 2:00 P.M. - 3:35 P.M. A total of 335 birds were seen - Area # of Nests Between K1 and K2 4 " K2 and K3 2 " K3 and K4 0 " K4 and K5 5 " K5 and K6 3 " K6 and K7 2 " K7 and K8 0 " K8 and K9 7 " K9 and K10 0 " K10 and K11 0 " K11 and K13 at North Point 27 " K13 and K14 14 " K14 and K15 0 " K15 and K16 0 " K16 and K17 2 " K17 and K18 2 " K18 and K19 2 " K19 and K20 3 " K20 and K21 0 " K21 and K22 1 " K22 and K23 - End of Paintrip 15 " K24 and K25 0 " K25 and K26 0 " K26 and K27 0 " K27 and K28 0 " K28 and K29 (Roads conn. - acting beach & airstrip) 14 " K29 and K30 0

1963 Green Is; Kure Atoll, Hawaii, Pacific Ocean R.Clapp — Journal — Black-footed Albatross Census Dec.15. Area # of Nests Between K30 + K31 (on connecting roads- beach) 2 K31 + K32 0 K32 + K33 0 K33 + K34 0 K34 + K35 0 K35 + K36 1 South-point - near paved strip near east beach 8 1st dune South-point - area where study plot 22 is setup 31 Around South-point - 2nd dune to north with veg. 9 South-point - Between 2nd Dune + 3rd Dune 3 South-point: Around 3rd dune to north with veg. South-point - Between 3rd Dune + 4th Dune 11 Small dune with vegetation not counted as "dune" Dunes beginning at K45 8 Between K45 + K46 8 "K46 + K47 10 "K47 + K48 2 "K48 + K49 11 "K50 + K51 12 "K51 + K52 8 "Stake on beach + pier 3 (22?) Total Nests - 235

1963 Green Is.; Kure Atoll; Hawaii; Pacific Ocean R.Clapp Journal Dec. 17 - Spend morning making a combined census-estimate of haysan Albatross nests on the island. In afternoon spent several hours on activity study where I made a number of observations on red-billed tropic- bird-flight display - Four tropic-birds were involved. All had the long rectrices and unspeckled backs associated with adults. In the display the wing-beat becomes much more rapid, the bird holding its position in the air or moving slightly backward. The bright red tail is depressed while the body is held at a 30-45° angle above the horizontal. From a number of observations it seems that an important part of the display precedes the above - the displaying bird flies downward and then upward in a small arc with the static hovering being initiated at the end of this arc. Another feature of the tropic bird display which may or may not be a regular part of the display is that two birds will glide in a downward arc for from 50-75 yds. both gradually gliding upward into the wing-beating display. The degree of depression of the tail comes a great; from being just slightly depressed; to being depressed to such an extent that the central tail feathers actually point forward (at about a 45°). in the direction in which the displaying bird is flying. Contrary to observations on white-tailed tropic bird; there seems to be no attempt to touch the partner in the display with the rectrices.

1963 Green Is; Kure Atoll, Hawaii, Pacific Ocean R.Clapp Dec. 17. [Questions about red-tail display - In group of four ; is display to particular bird or any bird? Is there any general behavior sequence following display? How do number of displays within a given unit of time vary with time of year & stage of breeding cycle? What happens when all four birds come close together? How long does a "complete" display take? For In terms of time ; which is more variable the arc-flight or the hovering? ]

12-26-63 12:15 - 26 Brown Boobies roosting along shore at K10 & K11 all but one adult. 12:20 - 150 Frigate on north point roost. 25 red-footed booby 1:20-1:30 7 ad 2 I DAF 20 ad 2 I 1 I-S DAF 27 A 4 I 1 I-S 11 A 1 I 1 I-S SAF A single sharp-tailed sandpiper, seen in the interior of the south antenna field. It was seen clearly through 10 x binoculars from a distance of about 25 feet. The reddish cap & dusky breast showed up very well.

12 Jan., 1964 RBC Collected one male baldpate; 1 female European widgeon, 1 dunlin (of three) and 1 Sanderling in over-run area. Missed shot at shoveler. Also seen 3 other baldpate; two green-winged teal - Left Sand 2:00; arrived Green Js; 2:30. Rest of day spent on paperwork and upon preparation of study skins.

13 Jan - Day spent on activity and light studies. Masked Booby Count completed. (See below) One Wilson's Snipe collected by Warren in afternoon - No booby sitting on egg in South Antennae Field. Two loose Haysan Albatross banded - Noted today; that with one outstanding exception all black-footed albatross have dark rumps. Warren tells me that blackfoots seen around Oahu have white rumps without exception. Two blackfoots seen with more or less intermediate rump coloration. (Dusky but lighter than normal blackfoot. Collected 6 Haysan eggs from deserted nests.

22-Jan - Afternoon Shorebird Count GAB RTP K1-K2 K2-K3 K3-K4 North Point K14-K15 K15-K16 K16-K17 K18-K19 (1 RT - ID) K20-K21 K21-K22 K23-K24 K27-K28 (RTAS 2RT) Veg S (1GP ID) South Point - WOB WB ESA WSA SAF UAF RTHS Total 32 Golden Plover 51 Ruddy Turnstone 2 Sandpiper 4 WT 1 BTC 90

Journal 1964 Green Island - Kure Atoll - Hawaii - P.O. Jan.23 Observation of Naysan display sequence From tower. : G - HB+ BF - HB-G - HB- BF - NS - HB-BF-HW-HB-G-HB-BF-BR-HB+BF-G-HB- NS- HB+ BF - BW - HB+F - G - HB+F Key- G : groan BF a F : bill fencing HB : head bobbing NS : bill tuck-head snap. HW : head-wagging. BR : bill rattling More detailed description to these displays yet to be obtained- Note that in above more stereotyped displays G, NS, HW, BR, are interspersed in every case with less ritualized behavior. Observations above are on a single bird of a displaying pair. Must get movie camera-

1st body RBC 404 ♂ 2nd body RBC 405 ♀

ClaPP, Roger 1964 Field Notes Pago-Pago, Tuitila, American Samoa Spent first day in Samoa purchasing supplies and working on reports. Saw Red-vented Bulbul in palms in main drag. Vegetation is much more lush as it is now the rainy season but birds are little in evidence. In the afternoon took a trip with Neal Spencer to his entomology station. With his assistance purchased 8 quarts of formaldehyde solution. This may be obtained at the rear of the hospital at hospital supply (Also for various reasons excellent spot for girl watching; such as they are.). On the trip saw several banded rails crossing the road. At five went with the rest of the crew (POOP) and those officers that could still navigate to the governor's for cocktails. Very dull, hardly enlivened by the (weak) alcoholic beverages. Very formal (uniformed doorman saluting us, car sent to bring us what was a two to five minute walk). Man to see for government transportation is the governor's secretary. Neal Spencer is also very helpful (contributed chloroform and offered to store any supplies we should wish to send to Pago Pago). March 7--Went up on pass across mountains behind town in morning. The Collocalia were noticeably less abundant along the cliff face than at our previous visit; their numbers in the tens rather than in the hundreds. There were many Wedge-tailed Tropicbirds in the mountain forest and several fruit bats were seen soaring overhead (two collected).

Clapp, Roger 1964 2 One of the small bluer gray Kingfishers (Halycon chloris) was seen to fly from the edge of a bank with a small green lizard in its bill. The bird subsequently flew to its nest in the bank and was greeted by a chorus of young birds. The lizard which was about 2 inches long was apparently intended as food for them. On a second trip the Kingfisher brought a katydid - bettigoniid type grasshopper to the young. At the top of the pass was a shorebird in a small 100 square yard area filled with short-grasses and muddy ground. As it flushed it gave the call notes of a Wandering Tattler. While the swiftlets are usually silent sailing by on slightly down bent wings, occasionally they give a high pitched "twi-tweet" note. Their flight is much more leisurely and graceful than that of the chimney swift. This species sails more. The Kingfisher nest was located at the top of a 40 foot rock and earth cliff and was dug under the rootlets where the soil overhung the edge of the cliff. Upon another occasion the Kingfisher brought another grasshopper this one green in front with reddish tegma. From the way the bird fed the young at the entrance of the burrow (the young having clambered to the burrow entrance) it seems that the young are probably fairly far along in their development. During the period in which the adult is absent from the nest the young constantly keep up a buzzy-rasping "aaah" note which makes the nest site very conspicuous.

Clapp, Roger 1964 On the next feeding I did not see the food species as the bird flew to its nest. After feeding the young it flew by me to the tree on the edge of the cliff and gave several loud alarm calls (much unlike the belled Kingfisher. Sitting in the tree it gave a number of low pitched calls which might best be syllabized as a "chuck-a-lwhee" the last phrase quite faint. The louder call notes given in flight were harsh and distinct. March 9--Took a ride around the island from about 4:30 - 6. Shorebirds are noticeably sparse this time. Only four to five (Wandering ?) Tattlers seen in 10 to 15 miles ? of coastline. No Reef Herons seen anywhere along island coast this visit. Also seen along the coastline, one Red- footed Booby, one Brown Booby, one Great Frigate. March 11--Another uneventful day at sea. Completed all odds and ends necessary for going ashore at Jarvis. A total of thirty birds seen from 7:30 to 1808 and very few by me. (fourteen Wedgetail, three White-tailed Tropicbird, three Noddy, four sooty, and two Fairy Tern; one immature Red-footed Booby). So far our at sea observations between Samoa and northern islands have been notable in five respects. 1. Relatively few birds have been seen. 2. Fairy Terns have been relatively abundant 3. There have been mostly (mixed tern flocks) 4. Pterodroma have been infrequent. 5. Almost all tropicbirds have been White-tailed.

Clapp, Roger 1964 March 14--Landed on Jarvis about 9 and set up camp in the building left by the IGY. Cats are plentiful and relatively "tame". One of their major retreats is the building. When we cleaned it out, we found many birds feathers indicating their diet. Among those feathers readily identifiable were a number of sets of wings of Sooty Tern. A young booby was found (sp.) and in later explorations under the house, we found the carcass of a young Red-tailed Tropicbird. In the afternoon Fred spent much time shooting and retrieving cats under the house. In the evening he spent most of his time chasing cats around the island getting some thirty in all (from many of which blood samples were taken. Stomachs examined were found to contain feathers. After setting up camp we ran the usual survey of the island. Boobies are very abundant (perhaps 750 Brown Booby 2500 Red-footes and 5500- 6000 Masked Boobies. The majority of Masked Boobies are pre-breeding (In pairs and territorial although few eggs have been laid.). The Red-feet are slightly more advanced in their cycle, although most ests are empty. Many Red-foot nests on the island are placed flat on the ground. Others are placed low (8 - 12") in small Sida bushes; with not even a "platform" of sticks under their nests. (Very possibly it indicates that Red-feet have colonized this island "recently"). Several nests (but by far the minority) are placed on elevated areas such as barrels, or perhaps the framework of the weather station left by the IGY. All boobies on the island (except Brown Boobies which are apparently "congenitally nervous") are much tamer than on other islands.

Clapp, Roger 1964 Last night I banded 505 Masked Boobies (largely from an enormous club of 800 or more). And was able to walk erect through them causing only faint disturbance. A very pleasant contrast to Enderbury. A total of about twenty-four interisland recoveries were obtained. None of these birds were neck-ringed. I think that this tends to imply that these birds were not on their islands of banding origin when we came through for our recoery rate was high enough on some of these islands. So it seems likely that at least one out of twenty-five would have been marked. These birds were possibly "visiting" the island on which they were banded when banded. This is highly hypothetical. None of these interisland birds had any trace of "subadult" plumage but the 4-6 whose voices we recorded all have female voices. Also spent some time examining the seawreck for Molluscan fauna. On the West Beach at least this fauna is extremely impoverished. A few morula, a few "Hermit-crab" turbans and three species of small cowries were obtained (one Cypraea caput-serpentis). Two species of Conidae were seen in the sea-wrack. One (a small purplish species; the other was Conus ebraeus. This latter, which on the Phoenix Islands, was one of the commonest forms in the sea-wrack is quite scarce here. I later examined the rook-bordered pools (there are several blowholes) at about noon but the number of living shells were very scant (only two or three seen all encrusted, one a very worn morula). The few other shells seen were inhabited by the hermit crab with blue and black barred legs but shells are at such a premium that one individual was seen to inhabit a much battered and broken shell.

Clapp, Roger 1964 6 However, a beach party (according to Huber) obtained some interesting specimens from elsewhere on the island (including some fresh "trumpet" shells, so there is some possibility of obtaining some interesting specimens. March 15--Spent the morning insect collecting and cataloging. The insect fauna of Jarvis is unremarkable and shows close affinities with many of the Phoenix Islands. The Ubiquitous "two-bar" moth is here (although in much diminished numbers) and the dermestids, orb weavers, greenbottle flies, cockroaches, and earwigs all appear to be similar. There seem to be relatively more species of spiders (about 6 taken). Three or so species of piercing, sucking bugs are present. Among insects which we have not found on the Phoenix Islands are a small Pentatomid (or Portulaca) and a small black and white leafhopper (on Tribulus). In the afternoon we resurveyed those nests which we had not covered earlier. That evening I banded 460 masked boobies but my hand was so sore that it was a very painful experience. Sibley and company accounted for another fifty cats in the afternoon but they seem nearly as abundant as ever. March 16--Sacked out much of the daylight hours. Huber and Hackman ran shorebird count in the morning. Only Wandering Tattler and Golden Plover were observed. Many Golden Plover were in breeding plumage.

Clapp, Roger 1964 7 Cat killing and insect collecting proceeded as usual. Forty-eight cats killed today. Huber found a number of interesting live shells a Cypraea lynx (alive, I think) which had a generally darker surface coloration than others of this species I have seen. He also found a number of money cowries which were about the maximum size (about 1 inch). Smaller specimens of this species appear to have a whitish cast to the shell while larger individuals have a pronounced yellowish color. Went out and banded masked boobies again this evening. Did 343. Birds now relatively hard to get but managed to finish second string; do third string, and 43 of Doug's bands in an enormous club (some 1100- 1300 birds) near the north end of the island. A number of these birds were color-marked from previous nights. Arose about 7:30 and went cat-hunting with Nick and Big Charlie. Saw relatively few cats four, which we got. One of the four was a kitten and I demurred at giving the final blow but Nick was only two glad' to oblige. Collected about seven Brown Booby eggs, (two singles, five eggs the fresher appearing of two) and three Masked Booby eggs. One of the latter was a "freak" egg only about 1/2 the normal size. In addition it lacked the usual chalky coating. It contained (when prepared) a normal yolk but the egg white appeared proportionately thicker.). These eggs plus all red-foot eggs collected on the 15th were all fresh. Along the northwest shore the reef (a short distance north of Millersville) has a large number of lat rocks which Nick and I examined for shells. Several live money cowrie were found (as well as what

Clapp, Roger 1964 8 appeared to be a morula with spines on the shell.). Only a total of about four species of shells were seen. Tropicbirds were present at nest sites (three or four) under the corrugated metal-roof remnants of Millersville. Since cats were also found in numbers at this area it appears that adult tropicbirds are "cat proof" unlike frigates and sooty terns. March 18--Went out in early morning banding tropicbirds and killing cats with B. Charley. Banded eighteen tropicbirds representing as many ests. All were pre-laying. Killed some fourteen cats. Two litters found in the many dens we dug out. (One litter of one, one of three). Banded Masked Booby and Brown Booby with Nicki and Redgie that evening. Got 171 MB, 15 MB. Banding difficult birds getting jumpy and while moon (1/4 full) was up; about three out of four birds along the beach flew. Tropicbirds seen displaying. March 19--Left island at about noon. A total of 6810 birds banded of which I did 207½ (sixteen Brown Boobies, eighteen tropicbirds, and 2040 Masked Boobies.). Got on ship, ate dinner, and collapsed into my rack where I slept the sleep of the exhausted until supper. Packed some supplies for Christmas; but left job uncompleted as we do not yet know our conditions of going ashore. March 26--Fanning Island, Line Group, Pacific Ocean Somewhat overwhelmed by the effusive welcoming of the Copra plantation manager on Fanning we stopped for a beer. This gentleman, one Palmer has been on this island since 1936.

Clapp, Roger 1964 His residence is pleasant, open, and airy and the momentos hanging on the walls all remind one of the tropical pacific. Shark teeth; sword- fish bills, turtle shells, barracuda heads, and native artifacts cover the walls. His book shelf was varied but plebian and exhibited nothing that would indicate he had any particular interests other than copra. (although he had a series of novels by a S. Colon about one "Angelique" a buxom blue-eyed blond type who seemed decidedly dull (the sort of tthing bourgeois day-dreams are made of.). Over the door was a ship's speed indicator whose ringing brought quiet and efficient Gilbertese servants. He also had several Trochas shells which he brought with him from the Solomons. A top shell to end all top shells. They are worth some $400 a ton and are usually harvested heavily in the first few years a cocnut (copra) plantation is running. Numerous tabbies wandered around the legs of the wicker chair. It was quite amusing to watch Catstomper Larry Huber sitting and fondling them. (And also slightly nervracking) Biologists were here for three months last year. Purpose? Their report? According to the Copra manager ducks are seen quite commonly on Washington arriving some time in November. They arrive, thin, in poor condition, feed until fat, and then migrate onward. Apparently they are regular visitants to Washington.

Clapp, Roger 1964 Fanning Island, Line Group 10 March 28--Went out in early morning and collected eight Red-footed Boobies and one White-tailed Tropicbird. On the way saw a single male F. ariel flying over. Packed up and headed for boat. Fred and I stopped at Palmer's for refreshments where I was regaled with the S. African version of "Rodger the Lodger". Oh well. Then we toured part of the island with Palmer. The area (to left of passage facing island) we went through was more open and grassy under the coconuts than in our area. We looked over the buildings left (January 14, 1963) by Cable and Wireless Ltd. Probably 30+ species of introduced plants in this area. Dragonflies were very abundant some 100-150+ being visible at any one moment. A single butterfly (sp?) seen. Returned to ship, skinned birds and packed for next island. Two Laughing Gulls were seen at lagoon entrance; a total of 5+ occurring on the island. March 29--Washington Island, Line Group Stopped and chatted for short spell with Bill Fries the island manager. Some 370 natives on the island who seem to have a mania for pets. Apparently before increase of cats each Gilbertese had from two to six or so lorikeets. They were frequently taken from nest and raised in half-coconut shells. They were fed green coconut milk and papaya juice. (And apparently survived well on the diet.)

Clapp, Roger 1964 At the present time frigates are frequently "peiks". Each hut has one or more perches each with its own bird on it. All appeared to be immatures. March 30--Ran a census along the west shore for approximately 2 miles to get a general idea of relative densities of the various species. Results: Blue-gray Noddy 3 C.I. Warbler 7 W.I. Lorikeet 22 Fairy Tern 13 Common Noddy 17 Frigate sp. 3 WTTB 3 Red-foot 37 Hawaiian Noddy 18 A total of seven Hawaiian Noddy nests were seen, five of which were well established. The other two were being built. All were in tall trees with light-green leaves like Noted in a group of lorikeets that birds are continually raising and lower crests at one another(get further notes). Birds both walk and side along limbs. The warblers are feeding young out of the nest. Young can be identified by their short ragged tails and persistent "chee-chee" food begging call. Perhaps this is why the warblers are not singing at this time. (N.B. many of the specimens collected yesterday are in molt). Family group in which the above was noted was comprised of two adults and two young. The movements of the warbler remind one more of a kinglet or a vireo than they do of a Parulid. In one instance the bird perched in atree over me and peered and craned its neck much as does a red-eyed vireo.

Clapp, Roger 1964 Insects are frequently taken by flying at a leaf. The birds respond well to a wet squeak which sounds a good deal like the food begging call of the young. One Hawaiian Noddy gave a bill down followed by a gape and a loud squeal (which was the unidentified bird call I heard on Faming.). April--Palmyra Entering the harbour many Red-footed Boobies were seen on a small island to the left. After we set up camp I followed the perimeter of the island looking for Red-feet but found none. On this 45 minute excursion saw many Bristle-thighed Curlew; Golden Plover, and Wandering Tattler. Several Ruddy Turnstone were also seen. Following this Fred and I went out to get Red-feet for blood samples. There appear to be a fair number (3 to 5 percent) of northern Red-feet on this island. Two of twelve specimens collected were this form. For the most part red-feet are not breeding. Two nests investigated conatined nothing and a small bird respectively. Common noddies are nesting at various areas in young coconut palms. One egg which was opened was fresh. Since this island has no systematic coconut harvest as did the last two there are a relatively large number of young coconuts. Sooty Terns nest along the runway. Theyoung are generally well developed and very many are capable of Flight. 1298 nestling and 100 adults were banded that night by Doug and myself as well as two Golden Plover. Golden Plover seen here do not have black fronts but head coloring is richer than in winter birds. Are these immatures which have not yet gone north?

Clapp, Roger 1964 Fairy Tern are relatively sparse. One was seen incubating an egg in a tree. It flew only reluctantly. Fair numbers of brown boobies are present and are breeding (primarily on the rocky causways.). Most pairs have small to medium young although nests with eggs and very Large young (really immatures with only tufts of down) were seen. It rains almost constantly which hampers my banding considerably. My glasses fog up so badly I cannot see the birds at more than a few feet. Because of this I inadvertently stepped on several Sooty Tern nestling but they were not injured. A surprising number of nestlings seen to suffer from wing deformities five to seven seen. Although this is certainly subjective it more seems injured than in other nestling groups I have banded. Geckos of at least two species are reasonably common and may be readily obtained from the inside of windows of the many houses. The island also has a population of toads which may be most readily seen and captured in the rain on the airstrip. Rats also occur (one collected). Much land surface in the open is covered by a rather revolting algae? which looks rather like rotten brussel sprouts. Fish fauna is varied and abundant. Several triggerfish I had not seen before; puffers are very common, and so are two other sp. (black fin and compressed blue) which I do not know.

R.Clapp 1964 Marshall-Gilbert October-November 1964 Oct. 1 - Honolulu and 1st part day at sea. Morning spent checking out of hotel, rounding up good's etc, and getting personal belongings established on the Shearwater. Boat departed at 1500, making a spectacular 180 degree turn in the narrow channel leading from where the boat was docked. Rocks on one side of the channel, a large freighter on the other. Churned up a great deal of mud, and barely missed the other ship. A wacky maneuver but they made it. Sea watch started at 1520 as we left the harbour. Watch schedule set up with an experienced and one not so experienced watcher in three teams which watch for two hours at a stretch. (Huber and I, Ken Amerman and George Wislocki, Binion Amerson and Phil Lehner. 155 Wedge-tailed Shearwaters were seen today as the trip began. Most of these birds were seen within sight of Oahu. Wedgetails were a component of every flock seen today (9) but one. However only 76 of the total wedgetails were in flocks ( %) In the three feeding flocks in which they occurred wedgetails in every instance were associated with common noddies which in every case were numerically much more common (tending to represent about 90% of the flock total. The earliest flock seen at 1537 had a brown booby associated with it. Of the five "travelling" flocks of wedgetails, 2 were headed ENE and 3 NE. A single White-tailed Tropic Bird was seen at 1750 flying ENE. Oct. 2 - Two days out of Oahu - Gilbert-Marshall A relatively slow day. 337 birds were seen. Several unusual birds were seen including a putative Herald's Petrel and a Skua. 73 Wedgetails were seen 38 of which ( %) were in flocks. In the flock seen at 1312 a number of birds were sitting on the water. Some of these Wedgetails were preening and washing in the water. A single Newell's Shearwater was seen flying SE by Amerson and Lehner at 1017. A total of 37 Sooty Shearwaters were seen heading in a generally southerly direction. None in flocks.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 3 Three days out of Oahu - Gilbert - Marshalls Few birds (149) seen. Very probable Pale-footed Shearwaters seen and a somewhat shaky Slender- billed Shearwater. Movie : Maniac - gaaah. Wedgetail numbers continued to decrease with 44 birds seen today with 30 ( %)of these seen in one flock. In this flock Wedgetails associated with Sooty Tern, "Bonin" Petrel, Pale-footed Shearwater, Commor Noddy, and White-necked Petrel. At 1659 a bird flew across the bow of the ship which may have been a Slender-billed Shearwater. Its flight reminded me of the Sooty Shearwater but the underwings were seen well and were much too dark for the bird to have been that species. The bird was all dark, with a dark bill, and appeared smaller than a Sooty Shearwater. Binion Amerson, who also observed the bird, was adamant that it was not a Christmas Island Shearwater or a Wedgetail. However, the foot color was not observed. The sun was not shining at the time. The only birds it could have been are these two species . A single Newell's Shearwater was seen flying SSE by Amerman and Wislocki. 12 Sooty Shearwater were seen today, none of which were in flocks. Oct. 4 Four days out of Oahu - Gilbert - Marshalls Fantastic increase in bird numbers caused by large flocks of Sooty Shearwater. 975 of this species were seen. Two more pale-footed Shear- waters were seen and 2 very probable Peale's Petrels. Wedgetail numbers showed a slight increase to 62 individuals. 25 ( %) were found in a flock mixed with Sooty Tern, White-necked Petrel, and a single Fairy Tern.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 4 Four days out of Oahu, - Gilbert-Marshallss Two individuals, possibly Peale's Petrels were seen by Huber and myself, one at 0830 and one at 0855. The one seen at 0830 was seen but poorly by me. It was gray on the back, with gray black on the abdomen, and possessed white under-tail coverts and rear of ventrum. It had a white black bordered underwing like a Bonin Petrel and the flight was reminiscent of that species. The second bird was seen by Bihion Amerson who noted the darkening on the belly. The bird fit the description in Alexander but did not appear that dark dorsally. Light upperparts, grayish black on abdomen, white towards undertail area, and with a Bonin type underwing. Of the 975 Sooty Shearwater seen today 886 ( %) were seen in a total of 31 flocks. Numbers of Observations of Different Size Flocks 1-10 : 51 31-40 : 7 61-70 : 1 11-20 : 6 41-50 : 4 71-80 : 0 21-30 : 8 51-60 : 1 The first flock of 30 plus or minus was seen at 0940. Flock sizes ranged from 6 (1755) to 62 plus or minus 2 (1623) Oct. 5 Five days out of Oahu - Gilbert-Marshallss Sooty Shearwaters still abundant. 834 seen today. A Ruddy Turnstone came aboard the ship and died this evening. A Red-tailed Tropic bird came aboard at 10:30 P.M. Numbers of Wedgetails swelled to 88 today with 33 ( %) being found in flocks. The flock at 1445 was comprised of 26 Wedgetails and 15 Sooty Tern, all travelling South. Of the 834 Sooty Shearwater seen today 804 ( %) were in flocks. A total of 39 flocks were seen today ranging in size from 6 (0816) and 5 (1817) to 75 (1329)

P.Clarr - 1964 Oct. 5 Five days out of Oahu - Gilbert-Marshall Number of Observations of Different Size Groups 1-10 : 31-40 : 61-70 : 11-20 : 41-50 : 71-80 : 21-30 : 51-60 : No Red-tailed Tropic Birds have been seen at sea for the prior four days, while a total of three were seen today. 0646 - 1 - flying E 0821 - 1 - flying N 1100 - 1 - flying N At 2230 one individual of this species came aboard ship, was banded and released. This at least demonstrates that some tropicbirds fly at night but the birds peculiar behaviour after banding might indicate that this is not usually the case. At first, when captured, the bird showed about the usual amount of resistance to be expected in this species. But when Binion Amerson, standing on the boat deck, cupped the bird in his hands and released the wings the bird would not fly and only sat there docilely (for five minutes or more as we debated what to do with the bird) It could be stroked on the back and head without arousing its ire but it seemed otherwise alert. Finally it was thrown into the air and it flew away. It was heavily infested with ectoparasites.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 6 Six days out of Oahu- Gilbert-Marshalls Very great dropoff in number of birds seen. (Only 166) Several Bulwer's, One Christmas Island Shearwater seen, another possible Peale's Petrel. Only 137 Sooty Shearwater seen. Movie: King Kong vs Godzilla - gaaah- plus, Oct. 7 - 10 For relevant data see daily summary sheets.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 10 - Taongi Atoll, Marshall Islands Arose at 7:30 and when I reached the flying bridge Taongi was in sight, a possible? Lesser Frigate was seen and Blue-gray Noddies and white- phase Wedgetails were seen. One immature frigate dove repeatedly at the fishline trailing the ship for about a minute. No Black-naped Terns were seen along the reef. From a distance the islands of this atoll did not look promising for birds as the number of birds over the islands seemed much scantier than on the "good" Phoenix- Island bird islands. Sibylla Island Off the atoll to the west in the morning both Phoenix phase and white-phase Red-footed Boobies were seen flying beyond the edge of the reef. At 1445 a feeding flock was seen as we approached the reef to again try the passage into the lagoon. The refoots seen were mostly white-phase but Amerson saw one Brown-phase bird. On the evening on Sibylla we banded redfoots and kept track of ratios of different phases. Of 179 adult birds banded, 171 were white phase, 2 were brown phase and 6 were Phoenix phase. Several instances were noted of Phoenix phase birds mated to white phase birds. (737-80017, 80041, 80053) One fully adult (from general plumage pattern tail color, and soft-part coloration) white phase redfoot (with a golden head wash) possessed an intermediate tan eye color. Face part colors were quite bright, gular pouch black, and feet were medium red in color. Apparently there are several types of immatures or subadults as the case may be. One bird, 737-80075, was generally of the appearance of a white phase bird except that the back, wings, and tail had mottled brown on them. Termed in further discussion as "immature white phase" (better Suba.)

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 10 - Taongi Atoll, Marshall Islands Also to be noted with interest is that the red-feet so far encountered are a diminutive form similar to that found in the Phoenix Islands and not at all as large as Leeward red-feet A second all white and black "white phase" bird was seen with a "tan" intermediate iris. This bird was one of a pair so possibly adult although the pair did not have a nest. Several of the adult white phase birds were noted as having the "chesnut" dark-brown iris typical of the species except for the outer circumference of the iris which was lighter in color approaching gray-brown. Further observation showed this to be true of all adults investigated although Huber is adamant that this is not the case in Phoenix Island birds. Perhaps 20 % of the red-feet on this islet have nests. Three nests in which the single egg was canded against the headlight apparently were fresh. At 11:18 a single white phase reef heron was seen flying along the outer reef. Shortly afterwards was seen with another white phase bird A third white phase bird was seen further along on the reef and yet a fourth still further along. se of the reef by herons is apparently predominantly at low tide as no individuals were seen on the reef at about 1330 when the 2nd attempt to breach the channel was made. Certain areas of the reef still appeared to have a low evenough water level so that the birds would not be swamped by tidal waves.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 11 Sibylla Island, Taongi Atoll Spent the morning exploring the southern end of Sibylla Islet and the next islet to the south. Stopped and did not go onto the final islet which was barren of vegetation as we had to be back for a radio check at 3:00. The second islet, the one below Sibylla, was quite barren. Only Red-tailed Tropicbirds were nesting on it under the Scaevola. A fairy tern nest was seen about 4 feet up on the horizontal branch of a Messerschmidtia. Molluscs were uncommon in the sea wrack but two kinds of killer clam shells were seen on the lagoon side of the island. One was the sort seen in the Phoenix Islands. Several small cones similar to Hebrew cones were found in the sea wrack and a larger form was found in front of camp.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 11 Sibylla Island, Taongi Atoll Redfoots are apparently breeding to some small extent and others are coming into breeding condition. Quite a number were seen carrying nest- ing material and quite a few were being chased by frigates (males as well as females.) Several male great frigates had inflated throat pouches. Estimates for that part of "Taongi with which I am familiar : Great Frigate : 4000-5000 breeding Red-footed Booby 3000 breeding Blue-faced Booby 400 few breeding Brown Booby 400 none breeding Bristle-t-Curlew 50 Wandering Tattler 150 Golden Plover 200 Ruddy Tyrnstone 250 Fairy Tern 400 Sooty Tern ? Common Noddy 200 Hawaiian Noddy 300 Reef Heron 25-30 Crested Tern 25-30 R.T. Tropic Bird 400 Black-naped Tern " 25 Blue-gray Noddy ? Three ducks were seen beating over the island toward the center of the island from the S. All were female or winter plumage birds. I did not get a good look at them but all very large and brown, probably Anas, possibly acuta A Male Frigate was observed displaying from the nest. The pouch was fully expanded and the head thrown back until the bill pointed towards the slightly elevated tail. Thw wings were spread and quivered ululates. By far the greater number of great frigate nests were found in Messerschmidia from 4-10 feet up.

R. Clapp 1964 Oct. 11 Sibylla Island, Taongi Atoll Four Black naped Terns were seen in an open area between the southern end of Sibylla and the next islet. They would be very difficult to distinguish from Fairy Tern at any great distance. The most distinctive identifying "mark" is the call which is typically rasping "Sterna" in nature. Of three reef herons seen on this morning's excursion one was white and the other two were intermediate "mottled" forms.

R. Clapp 1964 Oct. 12 Sibylla Island, Taongi Atoll Arose at 6:70 and collected 5 Wandering Tattlers on the windward side of Sibylla. Of particular interest was the similarity of molt in these birds. With the exception of 30013 these birds were essentially the same in their molt. Counting from outward-inward primaries 6-10 (30010-30012) and 7-10 (30009) were the primaries involved in molt. In two 6 was absent; in one 6 was in sheath and in one 7 was in sheath. 8-10 were new feathers. These could be easily distinguished by the blacker color as well as the lesser wear. There was no tail molt except for one individual which was replacing one of the central rectrices of the 12 . Conclusions : 1. Primary molt initiates the replacement of flight feathers and begins before either secondary or rectricial replacement begins. 2. Replacement in the primaries is proximal- distal beginning with P 10. 3. Primary coverts are replaced with their primaries. 4. The preceding feather in the primary molt sequence is partially our of sheath or well grown in sheath before the next primary is dropped. 5. Apparently no more than 2 primaries are non-functional during primary molt. 6. Light body molt is occurring on all birds on about Oct. 12 in the Marshalls. In the afternoon collected some frigate egg white, molluscs, and banded Fairy Tern and R.T.T. Bird. The single Golden Plover collected by Huber in the morning was generally not in molt. A few body feathers were in sheath and two rectrices were in sheath (L2 and Rl. All the other tail feathers appeared old. Crested Tern nests were found on the northern beach of the islet by Binion's party. Some 7 eggs, about 12 adults.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 12 - Sibylla Island, Taongi Atoll. Possibly male frigates with red-throat pouch and white on the chest may be breeding birds. This afternoon I saw one sitting on a fresh egg in a nest in the Messerschmidtia. Oct. 12-15, Sibylla, Taongi to Bikar, Bikar Atoll Very sick for three days. In rack for most of that time.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 10-12 Taongi Atoll, Marshall Islands. Perhaps 400 Blue-faced Boobies occur on the atoll. Pre-breeding displays were seen by two pair behind the camp when we landed on the atoll. Most of the birds appear paired and there are very few nests. Only several immatures and no large young were seen by me. In banding 42 birds on the 12th I noted no subadults. Birds are scattered along both edges of the atoll in more open areas and in openings in the denser cover along the beach. Relatively small numbers of Brown Booby occur on Taongi. I estimate a population of 150 none of which appears to be breeding. A quick check of Great Frigate breeding stage on Sibylla Island on the 10th and 11th showed many with nests in the Messerschmidtia. Most frigate nests contained eggs. On a short tour of the southern end of Sibylla and the next islet to the south I found 23 nests of which 15 contained eggs, 6 contained large and medium young, and 2 contained small young. An estimated 4000-5000 frigates occur on this atoll. On the morning of Oct. 11 a female frigate and a white-phase redfoot took turns sitting on a nest. Several male frigates were seen which possessed the fully developed pouches of the adult male but possessed the white under-arts of the immature as well. An estimated 50 Bristle-thighed Curlew were seen on Taongi Atoll. Huber said that he saw a single Sanderling to the south of Sibylla Islet as we reconnoitered in that direction on Oct. 11. The bird was not seen subsequently. Wandering Tattler are as abundant on Taongi as any place I have ever seen them. It is common on the rocky reef on, the SE of Sibylla and on the islets to the south. I estimate 150 birds for the atoll.

R. Clapp 1964 Oct. 10-12 Taongi Atoll, Marshall Islands Golden Plover are common. An estimated 200 plus or minus present on the atoll. Ruddy Turnstone are common. A flock of 28 seen. I estimate the population to be at least 250. Fairy Tern: An estimated 400 birds present. Common Noddy: Occurs in relatively small numbers. There are perhaps 200 individuals present About 4 nests in all of Masked Booby were seen. Kamome Islet possessed a population of Sooty Terns estimated at 6000-7000 by Huber and at 15000-20000 by Binion. They were in all stages from eggs to 3-4 week old young (Huber) Many were hatching and 1-2 days old and more birds were on eggs than not (Wislocki)

R. Lapp 1964 Oct. 16 Checked the boat in the channel for rats as I came onto Bikar Island. Collected one skeleton with fur and a grain sample. Grain was concentrated in the wheelhouse and in a bin aft. Most of it had been pretty well chewed over and probably no longer serves as a major food source. There are probably relatively few rats on the ship. I saw only one in a 10-15 minute search. It appeared too large to be exulans. I took a swing at it with my stick but it was coming from behind me (from above deck) and was gone before I could orient on it. Other possible food sources are sowbugs, small crabs and cockroaches. Taongi One nestling Common Noddy was seen by Wislocki and a smaller number were seen north of the area I worked in by Binion On Bikar for only about 2 hours camp being broken shortly after I arrived. We then set out for Jaboerukku. En route we stopped and looked over a small sand island (Jabiru?) 1 Sanderling was seen, 1 roosting Crested Tern, a Reef Heron, Several Black-naped Tern, 25 Ruddy Turnstone, 5 Wandering Tattler, and 1 Bristle-thighed Curlew.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 17 Bikar Atoll Spent the morning banding Red-tailed Tropic- birds on Arumeni and explored the inner part of the forest. Both rats (exulans) and hermit crabs (Coenobitus perlitus ?)(sp.?) are found on the heavy damp litter floor but the hermit crab populations of both Taongi Atoll and Bikar Atoll are much more scanty than they are in the Phoenix Islands. Ken and George spent the morning banding Sooty Tern chicks while Binion collected insects and Lehner pressed plants for the ever-observant eye of the cameraman. Earlier in the day I had my chance to do a bit part for the camera and I did a short (but I trust well acted) rendition of "Banding the Red-tailed Tropicbird" in color yet. In the afternoon after returning to camp for a snack at twelve I banded for a short time on Jaboerruku (Tropic-birds), returning thence to cmp to prepare specimens. (Two Blue-gray Noddy (which I collected with the aid of a stick this morning), a Wedgetail, and a young Crested Tern collected by Binion this morning. Later in the afternoon we relaxed somewhat and several of the party (Lehner, Amerson, and Huber) went skin diving. Huber collected a live tiger cowry from the reef between Arumenii and Jaboerruku. In the evening banded Masked Booby, Brown Booby and Sooty Tern chicks.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 18 Bikar Atoll, Marshall Islands Spent the morning banding 100 Sooty Tern chicks on an islet NW but adjacent to Jaboerukku Islet. Made but slow progress since from 50-60 % of the birds were banded. I think a reasonable estimate of the number of Sooty Tern young would be between 2300 and 2500, which presupposes an adult population of about 5000 birds. This is the only place on the atoll where the species breeds. I saw a rat in the colony but they appea r scarce compared with the nearby islands. The chicks are predominantly small, some very small while a very few have their wings more completely developed. None however are able to fly. Ticks are common in the area under stones.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 18 Jaboerukku-Arumeni Islands, Bikar Atoll In the afternoon walked north on Jaboerukku and thence over to the Sooty Tern colony to have a look at the Crested Tern nests in their midst. Near the center of the Sooty colony is a small colony of Crested Tern. Originally there were 20 eggs and 2 chicks but the 2 latter died and 2 rotten eggs were removed by Amerson. Today there are 14 nests encompassed in a very small area. The 14 nests are in an area, which, if boxed in by a recta_gle would encompass 20 square feet. Subtracting about 2 square feet from the total would be justified as a certain amount of this area is not utilized by the birds. (The nesting area is more nearly oval.) This gives a nesting density of about 1 bird/2 sq. ft. or 50 nests/ 100 square feet. I then measured the distances between eggs and their nearest adjacent neighbor to the half inch. I got: 10, 10, 12, 12, 10.5, 11, 11, 11.5, 12, 11, 9.5, and 9.5 inches The nest itself is nothing more than a slight scooped depression in the coarse rubbly coral and sand. Such a depression is about 6 inches in diameter and about .5 to 1.5 inches deep. One egg centrally located was 12, 10, and 10 inches from its nearest neighbors. This would make the mean radius of the territory about 5.5 inches. This would give the bird a territory of less than a square foot.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 16-19 - Jaboerukku and Argumeni Islands, Bikar Population Estimates Species Clapp Amn. Ams. Huber Great Frigate - 300 800 500 2000-2500* R.F. Booby - 500 0-2000 500 3000-35000 B.F. Booby - 250 .250 300 400-500 Brown Booby - 125 200 200 300-400 B.T. Curlew - 5 8 5 5 W.Tattler - 10 2 3 ----- R.Turnstone - 45 40 20 100-150 Golden Plover - 25 15 10 5 Sooty Tern - 5000 7500 5000 ----- Fairy Tern - 200 180 50 2000 Wedgetail - 4 --- --- ----- Hawaiian Noddy - 40 50 25 150-200 Common Noddy - 2-3 2 2 30-60 Crested Tern - 50 50 50 --- Reef Heron - 1 1 --- --- B.G. Noddy - 15 20 10 20 W.T. Tropicbird - 10 20 30-40 40-50 R.T. Tropicbird - 100 40 50-100 50-75 B.Naped Tern - 20 10 10 15 Revised Estimates Great Frigate - 750 - nesting in small numbers, young seen. Redfooted Booby- 900 - (?) Blue-faced Booby - 250 - mostly eggs and prebreeding Brown Booby - 200 - One old nest, not nesting. B.T. Curlew - 5 Wandering Tattler - 3-5 Ruddy Turnstone - 45 Golden Plover - 10-20 Sooty Tern - 5000 - perhaps 2500 nestlings. Fairy Tern - 200 - nesting Wedgetail - 4 - 2 burrows, 2 well grown young Hawaiian Noddy - 40 - not less than ten active nests with eggs and young.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 16-19 - Jaboerukku and Arumeni Islands, Bikar A. Crested Tern - 50 - some 20 eggs. Common Noddy - 2-3 - no evidence of nesting. Reef Heron - 1 - Blue-gray Noddy - 15- No nests found. Wh.T. Tropic Bird - 25 - Some on nests with eggs. Red. T. Tropic Bird - 100. - Not less than 25 nests. mostly with eggs or small young. Black-naped Tern - 20 -

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 19 Taka Atoll Population Estimates Clapp Huber Amers. Amm. Wis. Leh. S.Tern 50,000 30,000- 75,000 35000 65000 50000 50,000 100,000. G.Plover 10 10 25 10 20 40 R.Turnst. 200 150 200 75 100 200 W.Tattler 5 6 --- 29 10 2 B.T.Curlew 1 --- 10-15 2 4 3 R.T.T.B. --- --- --- --- --- 5 2 H.Noddy 125 --- --- 200 50 --- 400 C.Noddy 30 20 50-75 --- --- 2000 B.Booby 3 0 1 5 5 2 Cr. Tern 10 20 25 50 25 8 B.N.Tern 5 3 10 5 --- 12 R.Heron 1 --- --- --- --- --- Revised Estimates Golden Plover - 10-20 Ruddy Turnstone - 150-200 Wandering Tattler- 5-6 B.T. Curlew - 3-4 R.T. Tropicbird - 0 H.Noddy - 75-100 Common Noddy - 25-50 Fairy Tern - 500 Sooty Tern - 50,000- 60,000 Brown Booby - 2-3 Crested Tern - 30 (count Ams.) Bl.-naped Tern - 5-10 Reef Heron - .1.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 20 Huber collected a Golden Plover in apparently full breeding colors or close to it. On Bokin I collected a series of Hermit crabs from a large driftwood log. Many more sorts of shells were utilized than is generally the case in the Phoenix Islands, due in part perhaps to the relative paucity of Turbo shells in this area although small numbers do occur. 'A nereis and a Harp shell were used among others. The dead turtle found on the lagoon beach of Bokin had the braincase of the skull literally filled with small hermit crabs and many more were gnawing at the fleshy parts of the skull and body. Hopefully the turtle skull can be collected tomorrow.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 23-24 - Jemo Island. Jemo Atoll (Parenthetically I might note, for those who find my journal too telegraphic, we landed on the afternoon of the 23 and departed on the morning of the 24th.) At the crest of the aforementioned hill were several decrepit frame buildings, none of which appeared to be clean enough or safe enough to use as a camp. Instead, we spread a tarpaulin over the remnants of a shed and used this for shelter. At the base of the "hill" before the soil became mosit and thick the area was quite sandy. Here there were many turtle diggings several of which appeared quite fresh. Later that evening, after dark, as we circled the island, a single turtle was observed on the southern end of the island. Surveys were run around the island both in the afternoon and after dark, the latter in the certainly to be dashed bones of banding birds. In the afternoon saw several Fairy Tern nests. All nests that I saw contained only eggs. The southern and eastern (Windward) sides of the island were covered with a dense growth of Scaevola, easily as thick as it is on Kure. Fortunately, there was a trail cut through it. Very few types of shells were utilized by Hermit crabs on this island. I only noted about 5 species of shell in use. By far the most frequently used shell, (unlike other atolls visited) was some species of Turbo. I saw several Hawaiian Noddy nests but their contents were not noted due to their excessive height.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 23-24 - Jemo Island, Jemo Atoll Population Estimates RBC PL P.A.T. A.B.A. INH GW F.Tern 150 400 2000- 1000 400 Abund. H.Noddy 250 70 500-700 75-100 --- ---- R.F.Booby 1500 150 1000 500 1000 Com-Abund. C.Noddy ---- 25 100 25-50 --- 20 B.T.Curlew 1 2 1-2 --- 1 1 W.Tattler 8 5 0 --- 1 10 R.Turnst. 60 50 20 --- 40 70 G.Plover 60 50 20 --- 16 45-50 Gr.Frigate 2 10 25 15-25 2 ---- B.Booby 3 3 2 2 2 ---- R.Heron --- --- --- 1 --- ---- Revised Estimates Fairy Tern - 500-750 Hawaiian Noddy - 150-250 Redfooted Booby- 750-1000 Common Noddy - 25-50 B.T.Curlew - 1-2 Wandering Tattler - 5-8 Gr.Frigate - 10-20 Ruddy Turnstone - 60 B.Booby - 2-3 Golden Plover - 50 Reef Heron - 1 This island had very high vegetation with perhaps 200 Redfoot nests, upon some of which birds were incubating. All three phases of redfoots were seen but we were able to obtain no good estimates of their proportions. Mosquitoes were abundant and plagued us throughout the night. Binion and the others moved down to the beach while I hid beneath my Off impregnated sheet trying to read Carthy on Animal Navigation. I nearly got carried away by the rats which were very numerous. (They were very abundant in the moist litter at the base of the root systems of the large trees) The "crown" of the island is almost a hill, certainly much higher than on any other atoll we have so far visited. Perhaps 20-25 ft. in height This island or atoll unlike others visited is but a single lump of land. No lagoon.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 24. Erikub Atoll, Marshall Islands Population Estimates for Loj Island Species RBC KEA ABA LNH Revised R.Turnstone 35 50 20-30 10 25-35 W.Tattler 1-2 -- ----- 1 1-2 G.Plover 35 25 20-30 20 20-30 B.T.Curlew 20-25 10 4-5 10 15-20 FairyTern 500-750 75 200 300 300-500 H.Noddy 25 -- ----- 50 25-50 C.Noddy 5 -- ----- 20 5-10 Reef Heron 1 -- ----- -- 1 Frigate The reef heron seen was a dark phase bird. Several old Hawaiian Noddy nests were seen. I saw no Fairy Tern nests but it seems in view of their status on other islands visited on this trip, very likely that they are breeding. Several turtle excavations were seen along the beach. Mosquitoes were abundant Hermit crabs were few in number. The butterfly (Hypolimnas bolina ?) occurred on this island. Also seen Crested Tern : 1 female Great Frigate: 1 Brown Booby : 1

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 25 Erikub Atoll, Marshall Islands Population Estimates for Enero Island Species RBC GW PL INH KEA Revised B.T.Curlew 50 45 20. 40 30 40-50 G.Plover 75 60-70 70 30 -- 60-70 R.Turnstone 75 75 75 30 -- 75 B.N.Tern 1 1 -- 2 -- 2 Fairy Tern 1000 400 300-400 300 200 400-500 Gr.Frigate 1 --- --- -- 11 1 Reef Heron 1 --- --- 1 -- 1 C.Noddy 100 800 80-100 50 50 100 H.Noddy 500 250 150 150 75 150-250 W.T.T.B. 4 4 -- -- -- 4 The White-tailed Tropicbirds were seen flying over the island and not on the island proper. Not less than 2 Hawaiian Noddies were seen on nest and a single Fairy Tern egg opened for examination proved to be almost ready to hatch. Population Estimates for Aradojiren Island Species RBC GW PL INH KEA ABA Revised Cr.Tern 3 -- -- 3 --- --- 3 W.Tattler 3 3 3 3 --- --- 3 R.Turnstone 20 5-6 5 10 --- --- 10-20 G.Plover 20 12-13 15.25 --- --- --- 15-20 Fairy Tern 200 200 80 300- 175 750 300-400 Hawa.Noddy 75-100 25 100 150 50 200 100-200 W.T.T.B. 1 -- --- 2 -- --- 1 B.T.Curlew --- -- --- 1 --- --- 1 Gr.Frigate --- -- --- -- --- 1- 1 Com. Noddy --- -- --- 50 --- 25 ?25-50? Fairy Terns were probably nesting and both old nests and young of the Hawaiian Noddy. A few moments were spent observing Fairy Tern behaviour. When startled by a gun in the distance these birds responded by with flight intention movements (wing-raising) and quiet "wheels" which may indicate that this "wheel" is a low intensity alarm or anxiety note. To a shouted monosyllable they responded by elevating the head from the shoulders and looking around.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 26 - Trikub Atoll, Marshall Islands Population Estimates for Jabonwar Island Species RBC PL KEA Revised Fairy Tern 250 250-500 250 250 Common Noddy 5 8 2 5-10 B.T.Curlew 1 1 1 1 Ruddy Turnstone 10-12 - 8 10-12 Golden Plover 1 - 1 1 Crested Tern 2 2 2 2 Hawaiian Noddy 50-75 200-300 120 100-150 Black naped Tern 2 2 2 2 One Fairy tern egg was seen and others were probably present. Two Hawaiian Noddies were seen on nests and other old nests were seen. In all perhaps 30 nests were seen. Some of these contained large young. Most in fact appeared to possess either birds on eggs ? or large young. Population Estimates for Aradojairik Island Species Huber Wislocki Amerson Great Frigate 100 100 50 plus Brown Booby 200 60-80 150 Fairy Tern 200 200-250 100-150 Wandering Tattler 1 1 ---- Ruddy Turnstone 10 7 ---- Golden Plover ---- 14 ---- B.T. Curlew ---- ---- ---- Crested Tern 2 ---- 2 Black-naped Tern 40 ---- 12 Hawaiian Noddy ---- 15 20-40 Common Noddy *** ---- ---- Reef Heron 1 1 1 The Reef Heron was a dark phase bird.

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 26 - Erikub Atoll, Marshall Islands Aradojairik Island : Fairy Terns were observed on eggs on this island. On a rocky part of the beach near the cover of the forest were a few nests of Black-naped Tern. Two nests with eggs were found after a somewhat difficult search and two chicks were collected. The preferred nest site of this species (if that egg on Taka happens to belong to this species) appears to be coarse rocky rubble much rougher in nature than the nesting sites of most terns with which I am acquainted. Brown Boobies were nesting in numbers under the overhanging trees and down to the rocky shores of the island. One nest was peculiar in that it was completely composed of small sticks of driftwood. Both young and eggs were present but the young were generally young young. I saw no birds which I could consider even half way grown. Huber estimated 40 nests, and Binion estimated 50-75 nests. Amerson notes that the nests were mostly with eggs, (perhaps 1/2) and chicks (1/4) and prelaying. Population Estimates for Guro Island Species RBC PL KEA Revised B.T. Curlew 3 3 2 3 Wandering Tattler 3 3 2 3 Golden Plover 4 -- -- 3-4 Ruddy Turnstone 5 4 2 4-5 Fairy Tern 30-35 75 60 30-35 Hawaiian Noddy 45-50 100 40 45-50 Reef Heron 1 1 1 1 Black-naped Tern 2 2 2 2 Brown Booby 1 seen flying by The Reef Heron was mottled phase

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 26 - Erikub Atoll, Marshall Islands Guro Island: One Fairy Tern nest was found 62 inches up in a crotch of Scaevola. The Black-naped Tern seen acted very disturbed by our presence. It and its mate flew about us very much as if it had eggs. The area was one of rocky rubble above the high tide line and looked suitable for this bird, but even with careful inspection by Ken and myself we were unable to locate a nest. Some 10 Hawaiian Noddy nests were seen. Population Estimates for Jaldoni Island RBC Bristle thighed Curlew 6-8 6 6 Wandering Tattler 5-6 3 2 Golden Plover 6-8 5 8 Ruddy Turnstone 3-4 3 4 Fairy Tern 35-40 100-120 80 Hawaiian Noddy 15-20 60 20 Common Noddy --- --- --- Reef Heron 1 mottled phase Brown Booby 1 flying by island. Two Fairy Tern nests were seen and no Hawaiian Noddy nests were observed. 2 lizards seen. Population Estimates for Boccolle Island Species Amerson Huber Wislocki Golden Plover ---- 5 U Ruddy Turnstone ---- 10 S B.T. Curlew ---- ---- E Wandering Tattler ---- 2 L Fairy Tern 150 50-100 E Hawaiian Noddy 50-75 10 S Great Frigate 1 In air. S Both Fairy Tern and Hawaiian Noddy were breeding on this island. One Fairy Tern had a 1-2 week old chick.

R. Clapp 1964 Oct. 26 - Erikub Atoll, Marshall Islands Population Estimates for Jogan Island Species Amerson Huber Wislocki Golden Plover ---- 5 U Ruddy Turnstone ---- 10 S B.T. Curlew ---- 10** 3 E Wandering Tattler ---- 2 L Fairy Tern 150 50-100 E Hawaiian Noddy 50-75 10 S Reef Heron 1 (dark phase) S Both Fairy Tern and Hawaiian Noddy were breeding. Population Estimates for Bogwaido Island Species Amerson Huber Wislocki Golden Plover ---- 5 U Ruddy Turnstone ---- 10 S B.T. Curlew ---- ---- E Wandering Tattler ---- 2 L Fairy Tern 150 50-100 E Hawaiian Noddy 50-75 10 S Reef Heron 1 (mottled) S Both Fairy Tern and Hawaiian Noddy were breeding. According to my informants most Hawaiian Noddy ests on Bogolla, Jogan, and Bogwaido were old. Population Estimates for Bokku Island Species Amerson Huber Wislocki Golden Plover ---- ---- U Ruddy Turnstone ---- ---- S B.T. Curlew ---- ---- E Wandering Tattler 1 2 L Black-naped Tern 4 4 E S

R.Clapp 1964 Oct. 27 - Erikub Atoll, Marshall Islands Population Estimates for Bogenoa Island Species Clann Lehner Amerman' Fairy Tern 2000 1000 3000 Hawaiian Noddy 300-400 130 400-500 Common Noddy 75-150 30 ----- Wandering Tattler 15-20 8 ----- B.T. Curlew 10 8 ----- Sanderling 1 1 ----- Black-naped Tern 3 3 ----- Golden Plover 10-15 8-10 15- 3 ----- Ruddy Turnstone 10-15 15 ----- Reef Heron 1 1 - (dark phase) Brown Booby 1 1 ----- Island had Coconut, pandanus, Messerschmidita Scaevola on it among others. (Triumfettia as well) Ghost crabs were seen running along the beach. Was*the*following*island*boj**?**or*what*** Population Estimates for Erikub Island Species Amerson Huber Wislocki Fairy Tern 200 50 ----- Hawaiian Noddy --- 20 ----- Common Noddy --- 30 ----- Golden Plover --- 5 40 W.ndering Tattler --- 25 25 B.T. Curlew --- 3 12 Ruddy Turnstone --- 20 60-70 Reef Heron --- 4 6 R.T.Tronic bird 1 1 1 Great Frigate 1 1 1 Ref-footed Booby 1 - at sea. 1 Goose sp. 1 1 1

R.Clapp 1964 Nov. 1 - Kwadjalein Atoll. Spent the morning skinning birds with Larry in the lab. Both Sooty Terns skinned were very fat. Huber collected more fish for the turtles. In the afternoon we all (with the exception of Ken Amerman and George Wislocki) went over to Carlson Island to poison fish. While the rest went out to the edge of the reef with the rubber raft, I scouted the lagoon shore of the island while the entomologist, Dave Perkins collected insects. I collected a fair series of hermit crabs. There seemed to be three varieties (or age groups) commonly found) One, rathers, large, hairy, and red appears to be the same form that is found in the Phoenix Islands. Another, smaller is red and white but may be a young form of the red hermit crab. Another small form appeared to be gray or brown all over. Three examples of a fourth variety were seen. These are generally larger than the red hermit crabs, are a dull color, and are considerably less hairy. In addition their largest claw seems more well developed than is true of the red form. This species is considerably more active than the red form and it may be for this reason that their shells seem to be in poorer condition. When handled, unlike the red form, they struggle actively and vigorously to get away and retreat but seldom into their shells (all of which appeared to be Turbo) In addition , they seem to prefer heavier cover, all those examples seen having been seen either under shady coconuts, or in the dense foliage of the beach morning glory. As a whole Turbo shells seem relatively scarce around this island. Nereis ? or related shells are frequently utilized, and augurs or mitres scombrids ? sp ? and numerous other forms are utilized as well. While traversing the interior of the island I saw two rats, but they were not clearly enough seen so that I could be sure of the specific identification. Probably exulans One was missing a tail.

R. Clapp - 1964 Nov. 1. Kwadjalein Atoll. I took two pictures of the large purple form of hermit crab and one of an ant gallery in a Messerschmidtia tree. These latter ants were large and reddish and according to the entomologist are a large carpenter ant, Camponotus. The entomologist also noted that his traps were turning up good numbers of mosquitoes and crane flies. On the way back to the Shearwater, 3 Black naped Terns were seen feeding low over the lagoon waters. In the evening I spent much of my time working over the fishes and identifying as many as I could. List of Fishes Identified Muraenidae - Echidna zebra Ophidithdae - Leiu ranus semicinctus Chatodontinae - Chaetodon ehippium Chaetodon lunula Chaetodon unimaculatus Acanthuridae - Naso lituratus Zebrasoma veliferum Acanthurus aliala Acanthurus triostegus Serranidae - Epinephelus spilotoceps Epinephelus fuscoguttatus Epinephelus merra Cephalopholis argus Holocentridae - Holocentrus diadema Holocentrus sp. Myripristis sp. Zanclidae - Zanclus cornutus Other fish collected included a porcupine fish, 2 species of triggerfish, 5 plus species of wrasse, 2 species of trunkfish, 1 stonefish, and some 20 plus other unidentified species.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 1 Kwajalein Atoll George Wislocki and Ken Amerman spent the day cruising the eastern side of the lagoon from . Kwajalein to Bigej , with stiops at Ebeye and Bigej. Extract from Amerman's Notes " We saw nothing notable. There were many Hawaiian Noddies in the lagoon and fewer than 6 Fairy Terns outside the reef. A few plovers were seen in the antennae field of the Loran station on Ebeye and 4 plovers and 6 tattlers on the lagoon shore of Bigej. Nov. 2, 1964 Kwajalein Island, Kwajalein Atoll Went over to the runway with Ken Amerman today to collect birds. Got some 15, many of which probably represent new records for Kwajalein. At least 6 ducks were seen. One (which was not shot) was surely a Shoveller. Another Lehner is sure is a female pintail,"a third is possibly a tufted duck. Two Sanderling were seen one of which was collected. Other birds collected included 4 Sharp-tailed Sandpiper and another small sandpiper which I did not recognize. This bird and 2 sharp tails were taken with a single shot from a group of five small sandpipers ! One whimbrel was collected and at least 7 others were seen. There were probably a total of some 200-300 Ruddy Turnstone 200 Golden Plover, about 25 Sharp-tailed Sandpiper , and 15-20 Wandering Tattler present along the airstrip. Strangely enough no Bristle-thighed Curlew were seen. Both the area near the terminal which is grassy and has great numbers of birds feeding on it and the airstrip were very well covered with birds. There is a very long strip (perhaps as much as a quarter of a mile) of fresh water down the center of the airfield between the runway proper and the taxi strip. Birds are very plentiful but shooting is difficult as ammunition bunkers, golf courses, buildings, and a weather station are all in the background.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 2 Kwajalein Island, Kwadjalein Atoll. A fourth duck was shot but as only its wing was broken the bird calmly crossed the runway (which was forbidden territory to us as Security had warned us against this) and headed for the weather station. After leaving the airfield at three P.M. Ken and I took a taxi to the weather station in an attempt to run down this bird but were frustrated when we found that the bird had waddled back across the runway and had reestablished itself in the central waterway. The others returned from Orebebbu where they had been poisoning fish as we returned to the boat. Later in the evening, I checked over the fish superficially. On the whole the species representation was similar to that found on Enubuj but a number of other forms were collected for the first time, including a very large Cornetfish. Fish Collected on Orebebbu Labridae - Macropharyngodon meleagris Labroides dimidiatus Halichoeres hortulanus Serranidae - Epinephelus fario (?) (Three blotches along the base of the dorsal fin, no black stripe near the maxillary) (A possible first record for the Marshalls ??) Chaetodontinae - Chaetodon auriga Fistulariidae # Fistularia petimba (Cornetfish) Others which I reidentified which we had collected before included Chaetodon unimaculatus, Acanthurus triostegus, Naso lituratus, Epinephelus merra, and Ctenochaetus striatus. Two species of Triggerfish were collected, one the same as that collected on Enubuj.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 3. Kwajalein Atoll. Went up to Roi-Namur at the other end of Kwadjalein today but could do not collecting as their Security was nervous even though we told them we had been collecting on Kwajalein. Prepared for another visit if we do not sail. tomorrow. Wasted day for me. Huber, Lehner, and Amerman collected fsome more goodies from the Kwajalein Airstrip while we were gone. A snipe, several ducks including two Shoveller, and several sharp-tails as well as a Black-Bellied Plover and a Sanderling were collected. Nov. 4 Roi - Namur Islands Returned to R oi-Namur via C-47 again and collected from our arrival at about 1:00 until 4:00. Shot the puzzling Godwit, (which is apparently a Marbled Godwit) and collected a series of the commoner shorebirds. (1 Golden Plover, 6 . Wandering Tattler, and 12 Ruddy Turnstones.) The latter figure is accounted for by a flock shot which brought down seven birds. The birds were very jumpy and difficult to get close to. Two Sanderling and some 5-8 Whimbrel were seen as well but I never got within range of them Very few other birds were seen. Several Reef Heron were seen and three birds were seen further out which may have been Crested Terns. Nov. 5. Kwajalein Atoll Spent most of the day skinning. Still waiting for the second mate. Nov. 6 Kwajalein Atoll Ditto. (i.e. See Nov. 5)

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 6. Kwadjalein Is., Kwadjalein Atoll. Rained steadily all morning. I skinned birds in the morning while the others sacked out or read. Only got two finished but both should be good skins. The Sharp-tailed Sandpiper was excessively fat as was the one I did the other day. At about noon I went into town to check for a diving mask with Larry. On our return we watched a Golden Plover wlaking around the docks. When scratching its head, this individual scratched over the wing.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 7 - Kwadjalein Island, Kwadjalein Atoll Spent the day skinning birds. End mate to arrive the afternoon of the 9th. Nov. 8. Kwadjalein Atoll, Marshall Islands Left the ship at 9:00 Am. to poison fish at North Loi Island. Enroute to this area two Hawaiian Noddy were seen that repeatedly alighted in the water. Huber missed several shots, as did Wislocki, but Binion finally scored two for one. These birds are somewhat notable in that the foot coloration as a whole is lighter than in Hawaiian Noddies that I have noted elsewhere. Where birds from other areas have very dark brown feet, the Hawaiian Noddies collected today had a much lighter foot coloration that was distinctly orangish in cast, almost but not quite as pronounced as in the Ruddy Turnstone. Another feeding flock of 7 Hawaiian Noddies was also seen enroute to the poisoning area. Large fish (which appeared to have the auxillary dorsal fin and silvery color which I associate with the mackeral group) were chasing small fish to the surface of the water. The attendant Hawaiian Noddies then fluttered at the surface of the water, frequently alighting to pick up these fish. The island itself was at present deserted of inhabitants but a single house with many scrawny chickens and graded sizes of pigs indicated that this isla supports at least one family. Hermit crabs were less abundant than they usually are but the small skinks with blue tails and black dorsal stripes were more abundant here (or at least appeared so) than they were on any other island so far this trip. They were especially abundant in the coconut debris and other vegetation rooted about in by the pigs.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 8 - Kwadjalein Atoll, Marshall Islands. I then collected birds while the rest collected fish and Dave Perkins hunted for insects. Got 3 Common Noddies and 2 Hawaiian Noddies from a mixed flock roosting on a sand spit. 2 Crested Terns were also roosting in this group, an adult and an immature, but I did not see them until they rose in flight. Both were shot over the shallow waters of the lagoon but were both too far out for wading. By the time I returned with Larry, his snorkel, his fins, et al the birds had disappeared, possibly to sharks as we saw two black tipped sharks in the channel as we approached the spot where the terns had been shot. On the island overall, I should say there were about 30 Fairy Tern (I collected) 20 Common Noddy, and a single white Reef Heron. The outer ege of the island had a wide reef (some 160 yds) but shorebirds were not numerous. About 10 Golden Plover, 25 Ruddy Turnstone, and 5-10 Wandering Tattler were all that were seen. Upon our return to the ship I went to the dentist and had three holes in my teeth (temporarily filled). (In the afternoon on the beach at North Loi I picked up a number of Strombs with red borders which appeared to be similar if not identical to those which I collected in the southern Phoenix Islands. This is the first island since there, upon which any numbers of this form have been found. Nov. 9 - Kwajalein Island, Kwajalein Atoll. Went into town in morning and did laundry. Skinned 5 Golden Plovers in the afternoon that Larry had shot this morning. He also got two ducks. The second mate arrived this afternoon and we were underway for Jaluit at 4:00.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 10 - At Sea and Jaluit Atoll. Skinned birds in the morning and mid-afternoon. (Common Noddy, Hawaiian Noddy, Sandpiper sp., etc.) Sighted Jaluit at about 1100 but it was not until 1500 that we completed our entrance into the lagoon and dropped the hook. While Binion conferred with the town scribe, the rest of us visited two islands (Enybor and . Lehner, Amerman, Perkins and I went to Enybor, Huber and Wislocki to Population Estimates for Enybor Wandering Tattler - 7-8 Scattered individuals Golden Plover - 5-7 " Ruddy Turnstone - 10 One small flock, ocean side Curlew sp? - 1 Reported by Amerman Reef Heron - 5-6 2 dark, 1 white, 3 mottled. Crested Tern - 2 Stern sp. - 1-2 1 collected Black-naped Tern - 15 roosting on sand spit Fairy tern - 10 1 collected Common Noddy - 20 3 collected Of particular interest was the fact that no Hawaiian Noddy were seen. The cover of the island included coconut, Pandanus, Messerschmidtia and seemed suitable for this species but not a single individual was observed. The Common Noddies were seen roosting in palms and three were collected in flight. A much smaller number of Fairy Terns was seen.( Only 3 seen and heard by me) There were many dark greenish lizards, about 5 inches long, which were primarily found on the coconut trees. One was collected. On this island , as seems to be generally the case on these Pacific atolls, Pemphis occurred primarily on the ocean side of the island. Brush was very dense in the interior and quite difficult to work through. In the center of the island were several holes containing fresh or brackish water. (They were apparently old bomb craters) However, the vegetation around the edge of these holes was so great that it seems highly improbable if a duck could use them at any time.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 10 At Sea and Jaluit Atoll Population Estimates for Kabbenbock Island Species Wiwlocki est. Huber est. Fairy Tern 10 4 Black-naped Tern 7 5 Crested Tern 3 2 Reef Heron 6 4 Whimbrel 1 1 Wandering Tattler 5 16-18 Golden Plover 13 6 Ruddy Turnstone 40 35 Common Noddy 4 8 Hawaiian Noddy 20-25 2 Huber states that his estimates are based on counts. The discrepancy in Hawaiian Noddy indicates someone's error. Since No Hawaiian Noddy were seen on the adjacent island, Erybor, by Amerman, Lehner, and myself, I would tend to favor the lower figure. Huber and Wislocki collected a dark phase Reef Heron and a Crested Tern. Huber also notes that there were chickens being kept by the single native family inhabiting the island. The only other "real " discrepancy in the above estimates are the two figures on Wandering Tattler. I have no way of knowing which might be the more accurate. Wislocki notes that pigs were being kept on this island also. A small species of lizard (not the large form noted on Erybor) was seen and apparently was the "Blue-tailed Skink",(the form with the dark dorsal striping.) No nests were seen by either Wislocki or Huber.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 11 - Jaluit Atoll. Up at 700 and got collecting gear together for a trip to the SE end of Jaluit Island and to Elizabeth Is. Lehner went with me. The rest (excepting Perkins) went north to poison fish and check (Lojeron) for birds as native informants state that this island has the most birds. They took a tent with them and will stay overnight if t there is any prospect of banding. Took a picture of a native outrigger sailboat this morning with Erybor (to the left) and Kogganbeck (to the right) in the background. We left the boat at 9:00 but it took us until 10:30 to reach Jaluit. We were introduced to the head man who kindly guided us around the island. The fresh water pool was small and only a Golden Plover and some other species of shorebird resembling this bird but larger. and with a grayer head were the only birds to be seen. This latter individual was later shot at by Phil, but unfortunately was missed. Continuing onward, northward along the islet, we encountered much flat, sandy and muddy area overgrown with Pemphis forest, coconut, and several other species which I did not recognize. This area is inundated at high tide but at the time we were there, the tide was out and there was but little standing water. Birds were relatively few and infrequent in this area (and over the island as a whole.) The density of birds (all species) was lower than on Erybor. A Curlew (probably Bristle-thighed - Lehner) or two was seen, but these birds were very jumpy and attempts to collect were fruitless. Small numbers of Golden Plover, Ruddy Turnstone, and Wandering Tattler were seen, while overhead flew small numbers of Fairy Terns, and slightly larger numbers of Common Tern. A single Crested Tern was seen perched on a branch on the reef lagoon) side, and several Reef Herons were seen. One Common Noddy, one Fairy Tern, and Two Golden Plover were collected.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 11 - Jaluit Atoll Upon our return to the center of the village we were greeted by the Womans Club (a local version of the PTA ?) and made honorary members (somewhat informally) Leis were garlanded around our necks and both Phil and I were given a fan and an excellent specimen of what I believe is a map cowry. We were invited to lunch and after waiting some twenty minutes, the women's cub arrived wearing bright green dresses which I believe are an emblem of the club. They had breadfruit, three boiled chickens, some sort of dumpling thing and coconut milk. (I hope to never drink another drop of coconut milk, sociality or no sociality). After finishing our simple repast, we were garlanded again and each women of the club contributed one or several large tiger cowries, (and another I do not know) to our store of goods. We [illegible] some 15 in all and I must admit it felt a bit like Halloween in reverse. Finally after, Phil and Dave, had exhausted their touristy impulses (Lehner now has the world's largest collection of color slides of Marshallese with some idiot with flowers in his hair among them) we left the island for Elizabeth. (Our guide was to return for the stack of green bananas we had been given. Parenthetically for those who may be interested in animal behaviour, individual distances decrase in Marshallese social life with outlanders like us in the following scale (from closest to furthest.) Adult males, Adult married females with children, small children, adolescent males, and nubile maidens. Oh well.) We finally got off the island at two and reached Elizabeth at three. The central lagoon proved to be a small stagnant area with much heavy leaved growth around the southern end and bordering right on the village. They headman of the village stated that four ducks had been shot recently and there on the lagoon was another. From here on the tale becomes tragic. Phil, who was shotgun today, crept along the bayou until he was close to the bird, and began to quack quietly to it. It apparently worked better than squeaking for shortly he commented

R. Clapp - 1964 Jaluit Atoll - Nov. 11, 1964 that he was less than 20 feet from a New Zealand Cuckoo. Which as the bird flew then into the bush ahead of me it proved to be. I called Phil from duck hunting, and tried to show him where the bird was perched. Disgusted nodoubt with my tremors, he handed me the gun, I took aim, sighting carefully, and shot--- and missed. And the duck flew away. Some days are like this. This idland if anything, had fewer birds than Jaluit. A few Fairy Terns, a few Common Noddies, small numbers of Golden Plover, Ruddy Turnstone, and Wandering Tattler were seen as well as a few Reef Heron. We recircled through the area in which the New Zealand cuckoo had been seen but had not a bit of luck. (Perkins on the other hand got a beautiful Aesnmid on Jaluit, and his first aphis lion of the trip of Elizabeth. So we returned to the ship, I prepared the birds with Phil's help, and Phil and Dave went to the luau on the beach while I finished up taking care of the birds. While on Jaluit I got a number of Marshallese names for the local birds. These are as follows. Golden Plover -- Koloej Fairy Tern -- Mej Mejo Common Noddy -- Bejwak Hawaiian Noddy - Jkar Brown Booby -- Kalo This later term was taken when I discovered that a single immature Brown Booby was being kept as a pet by our guide. He had brought some 20 ? of them from ? but the others had died. This bird was raised from a nestling, and while his diet apparently is still largely supplied by his Marshallese keeper, is also capable of fishing for himself.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 11, 1964 Jaluit Atoll The island had relatively few coconut trees (3-4) and the sandy beaches supported a series of ghost crabs. There was much Pisonia and much Pemphis. Huber noted that Frigates roosted primarily in Pämphis while many of the Red-footed Booby were rossting in Pämoħā. The Pemphis had a more northerly distribution on the island, while the Pisonia was found to the south. Hawian Noddy nests were found in large numbers (estimate 500 Amerman) in both Pemphis and and Pisonia. Amerman notes that all Sooty Tern shot had brood pouches but there were no traces of eggs or nests. Most of the Sooties were found on tthe ground in under the edge of the forest. Two well grown Crested Tern chicks were found and many of the nesting Fairy Terns had large chicks almost ready to fly. Only about four Common Noddy nests were found. Two of these were on palm fronds about 2-3 feet from the ground.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 12 - Jaluit Atoll and At Sea Got up early in the morning and went over to Enybor with Binion, Ken, and Dave. The same flock of 15 Black-naped Terns was sitting on the smae sand spit as it was the other day. Intermixed with these birds and roosting with them were about 30 Common Noddies. Binion did the shooting, while I took care of the specimens. 3 sumatrana , one adult and two immature, were obtained as well as a Common Noddy and a Hawaiian Noddy. The immature Black-naped Terns were both in primary molt. Those feathers in the wing which had been already molted and regrown were much lighter in color than those immature feathers which they were replacing. The anterior portion and the anterior half of the posterior portion of the web were but a very faint, smoky gray which would appear in the field as white. The older, outer primaries, on the other hand were very dark gray to black in this area. Perhaps it might be possible to estimate age of young Black-naped Terns in the field by the amount of black showing in the wing in flight. These immature birds also varied from the adult plumage in that the feathers on the anterior, proximal part of the wing had a dark bar on them. In addition, I thought that there was a variation in gape color between young and old birds, with the younger birds having a distinctly more pinkish gape, while that of the adult tended to be salmon colored. However, the colors were too similar and the sample size too small for me to be sure of this. We went then to the island, off which the ship is anchored and where the missionary, Father Donohue, holds court. We were feted by yet another women's club. This group wore a uniform consisting of a dress with a pattern of red and white squares. Leis, of course, were the order of the day and they gave us a number of woven items including mats, cigarette cases , and some purely decorative items. When we returned to the ship Larry and I spent the rest of the day skinning while the others kept a largely profitless watch. Stopped skinning at six, watched Mary, Mary, and skinned until 2300.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 13 Makin Atoll, Gilbert Islands Skinned a Hawaiian Noddy in the morning while waiting to sight Makin. Makin was sighted about 10. Two more of Huber's Green (?) Turtles hatched bringing the total that has hatched up to three. Weights of newly hatched turtles were 27-27-, and 28 gm. We all started ashore for Butaritari at 1400 towing a native outrigger sailboat with the local officials aboard. We dropped Larry and George there and went across the lagoon to Hawaiian Noddies'were very abundant there, not less than 3000 birds , I should say. We also saw about 60 frigates, both greater and lesser, at dusk, a brown booby, one apparently white- phase adult red-footed booby, 6 reef herons, 2 gray, the rest white or mottled, about 10 ruddy turnstones, about 6-8 golden plover and about 4-6 wandering tattler. While Crested Terns were not seen over the island, at least ten of them were seen in a feeding flock with Hawaiian Noddies not far from the island. Their method of feeding was distinctly different from that of the noddies. The noddies would continually course low across the surface of the water, stooping to pick a fish up, or fluttering in one spot or even alighting. While the Crested Terns fluttered at the water's surface occasionally, more often they would obtain their prey in short shallow dives, from above the substratum of feeding Hawaiian Noddy. Perhaps 10-15 Fairy Tern were seen on the island. There were likely not less than 1000 occupied nests of Hawaiian Noddy. Binion counted 200 nests in a single tree, I counted over 60 in another. All 11 of the Hawaiian Noddy collected had brood patches. One great frigate, 2 lesser frigate, 3 fairy tern , 11 Hawaiian Noddy, 1 Golden Plover, 3 reef heron, 4 crested tern, and one brown booby were collected. As we returned to the ship after dark, we heard again and again a hissing sound which sounded like a leak.

However, the boat did not seem to be losing much air so we did not worry. However... today was Friday the 13th. At about a quarter of a mile from the ship their was a loud hiss and t e entire front section of the rubber raft collapsed. Quickly removing the gear from the front compartment, Ken and I pulling on the tow rope to keep the sagging bow from going beneath the water. So we rode the last quarter mile like a duo of Poseidons (of modern vintage of course.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 14 . Makin Atoll, Gilbert Islands. Spent a rather dull day aboard ship skinning birds (8 Hawaiian Noddies) while the rest went out in two parties to collect birds. Binion, Phil, and Ken went back to and then on to . They returned at 4:30 with a large number of birds including a red-rumped ruddy turnstone. I spent the rest of the day helping lable birds and making molt notes on them. George and Larry returned from Butaritari later with a number of shorebirds but nothing especially unusual, although they note seeing a "stilt" of some kind and perhaps two species of godwits (perhaps some 60 of same.

R. Clapp 1964 Nov. 14-15 Makin Atoll, Gilbert Islands Heteroscelus incanum Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30290 7.5 1-8*0-1ON (L) No molt - old. 1-6*7-1ON (R) 30308 7.3 1-6*7-8S*RN (R) No molt 1-5*6D*7-8S*RN (L) 30309 7.5 1-6*8-8S*RN No molt - old 30310 7.5 1-6*7-8S*RN No molt - old 30311 8.3 1-8*0-1ON (L) No molt - old 1-7*8S*RN (R) 30312 7.0 1-5*6-8S*RN R1, L1 30313 5.5 1-4*5-6S*RN L1N, R2 Summary : Mean Primary Index: 7.2 Arenaria interpres : Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30301 5.0 1-4*5S*RN No molt 30302 1.0 1S*RN Tail in molt 30303 F 4.0 1-3*4S*RN Tail in molt Summary : Mean Primary Index : 3.3 Pluvialis dominica : Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30262 M 30274 30275 Summary : Mean Primary Index

R.Clapp 1964 Nov. 14-15 Makin Atoll, Gilbert Islands Erolia acuminata Number Sex. P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30305 M 0.0 Completed Not molting 30306 0.0 Completed Not molting 30307 7.0 1-6*7S*RN R1 Numenius tahitiensis. Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30314 6.5 1-5*6-7S*RN No molt-Badly worn 30315 5.5 1-4*5-6S*RN No molt-Badly worn Limosa sp : Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30316 M 4.5 1-3*4-5S*RN R1,11 - rest old 30317 M 4.0 1-3*4S*RN Not in molt - old 30318 F 5.5 1-4*5-6S*RN Not in molt - old 30319 F 4.5 1-3*4-5S*RN R1,11 one other Summary : Mean Primary Index :$ 4.6

R.Clapp 1964 Nov.14-15 Makin Atoll, Gilbert Islands Gyris alba Number Sex Brood Patches Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30280 30281 30283 30284 30288 Anous stolidus : Number Sex Brood Patches Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30285 30286 30287 30288 Anous minutus : Number Sex Brood Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30289 Yes Not in molt No molt Stern a sumatrana Number Sex Brood Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30292 Y-0* P1,P6 No molt 30294 No molt No molt 30295 No molt ? 30296 Rt.P5N No molt 30297 P4 S. No molt

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 15 Makin Atoll; Gilbert Islands. In to Butaritari Island by 8:30 to pick up Lehner and Wislocki who stayed overnight. We then moved down to some sand flats along the lagoon. These flats were extensive and were about 1-3 mile wide and perhaps three ? miles long. At low tide there was much coarse sand interspersed with low pools. Some sort of grass was much in evidence in the deeper water. There were large numbers of shorebirds. present. While I got nothing resembling an accurate estimate I suspect that the stretch we worked contained not less than-200 Golden Plover and 200 Ruddy Turnstone with Wandering Tattler more numerous than either species. (Although these figures may well be low.) There were many Godwits (more than 40 seen I should guess) and two species of Curlew, Bristle-thighed and the Whimbrel. Of the two curlew, more of the individuals that I saw were Bristle-thighed than were Whimbrel. Reef Herons were more abundant here than any other place we visited on this trip. I saw (counted) 30 plus in one sweep of my binoculars along the lagoon shore. These birds seemed to prefer the edge of the sand flats bordering the lagoon where the water pools were deeper probably because of the number of fish in these small pools. There was an almost exact 50-50 ratio between white and dark phase birds, and strangely enough I noted no particularly mottled individuals. Most of the dark phase birds were very dark, appearing almost black at a distance but one individual seen was grayish brown, whether due to basic difference in plumage or to age and feather wear I do not know. Some 15 Hawaiian Noddies were seen, as were a few Fairy Tern, Common Noddy, and Crested Tern, one of which was roosting on the edge of the lagoon. The birds were very jumpy and as a group we had relatively poor results. Binion shot a Bristle-thighed Curlew, Larry shot a Curlew

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 15 Makin Atoll, Gilbert Islands and a Godwit, and I shot three Godwits with four shots. The bill size on the Godwits varied tremendously Two individuals had bills only about half as long as the other two. These birds with the short bills weighed less also. (They looked different enough so that the others that thought that they might be two different species.) Later, when I skinned the birds in the afternoon it proved to be a case of sexual dimorphism with the males possessing the short bills and the females the long bills. Movie : Bye Bye Birdie (yeech) and My Favorite Spy.

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 16. Maiana Atoll, Gilbert Islands. In to the northern end of Maiana by 1100. The reef was very shallow and it took us along time to reach the shore. The expanse of flats was more than a mile across and the outer section was primarily rocky coral which became more and more sandy as you approached the island. Trigger- fish were seen in the shallow pools among the coral and brittle stars were numerous. Ecologically these flats appear to very different from those found on Makin. This area suported primarily Wandering Tattlers and Reef Herons with a few Crested Terns perched on the outer rocks. Binion went to the village on the left with George while Larry went one way with the 12 gauge and Ken and I went the other with the 16. As we moved south along the beach the area became more and more sandy and we spotted scattered numbers of Ruddy Turnstone and Golden Plover as well as 1 or 2 Bristle-thighed Curlew and about 8 Godwits. Some 15 Crested Tern were roosting on the sand flats, both adults and immatures, but I was unable to obtain any. One of the small islets (twenty yds. acorss) off the end of the village towards which we were headed had about 6 Black-naped Terns on it. Adults were with well flying immatures. Some 20-30 Common Noddies were seen in the Palms bordering this village, and small numbers of Fairy Tern and Hawaiian Noddy were flying overhead. Returned to the ship by 1:00 P.M. and the ship shifted anchorages to the southern end of the island. All of us went ashore with the exception of Larry, who stayed on the ship to skin birds. The trip in to the village took 1 1/2 hours by raft and it was 4:15 before we reached the island. Ein single bare-breasted was present on shore but was a great disappointment. By the time Binion finished talking with the police officials, etc., it was nearly 5. I finally got out with the shotgun and worked to the south of the village on the outer beach for about one mile. In this stretch we saw about 200 Ruddy Turnstone, 50 Golden Plover, 40 Wandering Tattler,

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 16. Maiana Atoll, Gilbert Islands. 1 Bristle-thighed Curlew, 1 "himbrel, 25 Hawaiian Noddy, 6-7 Common Noddy, 6-7 Reef Heron, and 1 Fairy Tgrn . One of the Ruddy Turnstone which I shot and which had flown away was lying on its side in the sand surrounded by a group of other Turnstones which appeared to be hostile to the injured bird. I fired at the bird to put it out of its misery and ended up with at least 7 other birds as well. The Hawaiian Noddies seen were feeding at the edge of the shore , and dropped and fluttered in their typical feeding flight movements. A Reef Heron came over to investigate the corpses of the three Ruddy Turnstones that I got on my second shot. I did not find out what would have happened as we were to collect a large series of birds in as short a time as possible. A single Frigate bird was seen flying over the island but the species was not determined. Binion decided to stay overnight on the island and asked the magistrate if we might have a place to stay. We were given the use of the transient house, a magnificent and beautiful example of Gälbertese architecture. We spent the evening speaking with the Gilbertese while I suffered with a raging toothache until Binion told me that we had aspirin with us. The natives sang several sorts of songs for us. Group songs, one ritual song, (which was rather monotonic and had pronounced ng. nasal sounding sounds in it.), and several forms of what could best be called ballet, sitting subspecies. However, the natives had good voices , (Better than most of ours at any rate) and sang several lively songs which were both melodic and enjoyable. It seems that many of their ritual songs are written in an older language which is only known to the more mature individuals of the group and which must be learned from them, before the composer does any formal composing. Several of the songs they sang us were known to have been passed down from person to person for at least 50 years.

R. Clapp 1964 Nov. 16 - Maiana Atoll, Gilbert Islands Limosa sp : 30220 - 1-3*4-5S,RN ---- (10tfp), R1, R2 30221 - 1-5*6-9S*10D ---- Feathers in sheath progressively older, 10 indicates central location of molt center ?, rest do not ? //??? Tail coverts in molt (Ll D ?) Heteroscelus incanum : Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30325 5.5 1-4*5-6S* RN In molt 30351 F 8.5 1-8*9-10N Old, not molting. Summary : Mean Primary Index : 7.0 Anous stolidus Brood Number Sex Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30327 F No 1.0.7mm 1-8*9S*10N R1 in sheath but well gro. Summary: Recheck this bird for a brood patch. Gondd size indicates high probability. Error proable. Anous minutus : Number Sex Brood Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30328 M Yes 7 mm. 9pp-1-7*8D*9-10N Not molt 30329 M Yes 7 mm. New? Y-0, R1,R3,L2 30353 M Yes*No 6 mm. Not in molt R1, L5 30354 M No 9 mm. Not in molt R1, (very new 30355 F No 1o 3mm. Not in molt Not in molt 30356 M Yes 10 mm. Not in molt R4,I4 Summary: ©These birds were checked with more care than usual, and despite the large gonad size of several, there was no brood patch. Just coming into breeding ?

R.Clapp 1964 Nov. 16. Maiana Atoll, Gilbert Islands Arenaria interpres : Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30322 4.0 1-3*4S*RN R1,L1,R3 (R3 older) 30323 0.0 Completed Completed 30324 2.0 1*2S*RN In molt 30331 M 0.0 Completed R1 D 30332 F 3.0 1-2*3S*RN R4,R5,L4,L5 (5's odler 30333 F 2.5 1-2*RN Completed 30334 F 0.0 Completed R1,L1 30335 F 0.0 Completed R1,L1 30336 F 4.0 1-3*4S*RN 4 molting,1 missing 30337 M 3.5 1-3*RN R4,L4 30338 2.5 1*2-3S*RN R4,R6,L4,L6 30339 2.5 1-2*RN R3,L3 30340 0.0 Completed Completedornotbegun. 30341 5.0 1-2*3*RN L2,L5, R2,R5(L8solder) 30342 4.0 1-3*4**RN R1,L1, (R6D?) 30343 5.0 1-4*5S*RN R1,R3,L1,L3 (1's older 30344 0.0 Completed R2 30345 3.0 1-2*3S*RN R4,R6,L2(OY 2-6-4-) 30346 5.0 1-4*5S*RN L2 30347 3.5 1-3*4-9N*10S L4 (R3 D) 30348 6.0 1-5*6S*RN L1, R1 Summary: Mean Primary Index : 2.5 Pluvialis dominica Number Sex. P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30326 M 3.0 1-2*3S* RN In molt 30349 3.0 1-2*3S*RN R1,2,3,4,6,L2,3,6, 30350 M 3.0 1-2*3S*RN 0-Y(L2,3,6;R3,2,6) Summary : Mean Primary Index : 3.0

R.Clapp 1964 Nov. 16 - Maiana Atoll, Gilbert Islands. Sternasumatrana Number Sex Brood Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30330 No. P4 in S. Y-O: Ll,R4 30357 No (L)1-3*4S*RN R6,L6N, ( )2,7 in S. Summary : Bird 30330 was shot when it flew back in response to the cries of a well grown young which was capable of flight. While this bird may not have been the parent it seems likely that it was. Whimbrel Adult female : No wing feathers dropped or in sheath. All 12 tail feathers present and apparently old. (30352)

R.Clapp 1964 Nov. 16 - Maiana Atoll, Gilbert Islands Limosa sp. 30220 - 1-3*,4-5S* RN - (10tfp) - R1, R2 30221 - 1-5*6S** 6-10S- progressively older

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 17, 1964 - Maiana Atoll, and Kuria Atoll We got up at some godawful hour (5:45) I think it was, and returned to the ship. Binion shot a Black-naped Tern on the way, an adult. After eating a hasty breakfast I spent the rest of the morning preparing the specimens we collected uesterday including the 18 Ruddy Turnstones (12 of which I prepared as alcoholics) Although, my enusiasm was perhaps too great yesterday, I got a number of interesting notes on the molt in this species, since this was the only adequate series we have gotten from any atoll. Later I packed away more of my eyes. I think I have about 5 dozen now, which should furnish the beginnings of a small scale investigation. Probably either Laridae or Scopacidae and Charadriidae should be used as base groups for this proposed, if slightly amateurish, pilot study. We reached Kuria atoll and were ashore on Kuria Island, the more southern of the two islands by four. This island did not have the expanse of sand flat that Makin and Maiana did and appeared to be a typical Coconut Island. Very many of the coconuts were dead, with their corwns broken off, possibly from the typhoon of 1958. These broken stubs frequently have Fairy Terns nesting*on*them perching on them and these birds may be nesting. Of the four Fairy Terns collected today, (of which two were on such stubs) all had brood patches. Hawaiian Noddies occur in small numbers and many nests (although not nearly so thickly found as on Makin) were situated in the limbs of dead trees. Some of these nests appeared to be occupied. Common Noddies were perhaps the most numerous tern in the mile or so stretch of interior we worked south of the village. They were commonly observed perching on palm fronds some 60-75 feet up and seen flying over just as frequently. Using the 12 gauge I collected 12 birds with

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 17, 1964 - Kuria Atoll 12 shots. (5 Common Noddy, 4 Hawaiian Noddy, and 3 Fairy Tern) Huber and Binion aided by Ken, collected the prize of the day, however, a large pigeon, which I think is Ducula pacifica. This bird has a short bill and a high protruberance on the cere. It has 14 tail feathers. They saw another pigeon and Binion winged it but it was not obtained. Larry mentioned seeing one Reef Heron. As I joined them on the way back to the raft we heard one or more Sooty Terns flying over but were unable to spot them. At this time it was about dusk. While we were sitting on the raft, surrounded by umpteen bushel of children, they brought us a"frog" which proved to be a Bufo toad which I go not know but which Larry felt was different from that form found on Palmyra Island. The natives are very friendly but Larry turned down the offer. Saw several dragonflies on the island. There are areas in which there are very deep pits (taro pits ???)

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 18. Kuria Atoll. Six of us went ashore in the morning. Larry and Binion went to investigate Oneaka Is, (the more northerly one) and the other four of us went to Kuria again. George and Phil walked northward while Ken and I took the twelve gauge and went south. There were very few birds on the flats just before the area of lower vegetation where the Pemphis occurs. Tattlers, Golden Plovers, Ruddy Turnstones, Reef Herons, and a single Bristle-thighed Curlew. There were probably not more than 40 Ruddy Turnstone, 25 Golden Plover, 15 Wandering Tattlers and 5-6 Reef Herons (both white and black phases - No mottled birds seen) On the way down I collected a Bristle-thighed Curlew and on the way back a Ruddy Turnstone. On the way back Ken collected 3 Golden Plover and a Ruddy Turnstone. The birds were skittish and difficult to approach. A single Sooty Tern was seen flying over the sand flats about 9:30 headed north. We went to the inland "pond" that Binion Larry, and Ken went to Yesterday afternoon. There were practically no shorebirds at it. About 5 Ruddy Turnstone and 3 Golden Plover were there. This area had much low Pemphis growth about it and apparently extended from* for some distance to the south. We found another inland pond between the first pond and the shoreline of the lagoon but there were no birds upon it and very little standing water. We moved down the coast a short distance and noted that the area became more and more rocky. Birds were very scarce in this area. On the edge of the Pemphis area near the lagoon I shot two Hawaiian Noddies from a nest. Both proved to have brood patches. When I shot a large number (200-300) Hawaiian Noddies swirled into the air. I should estimate that in this area covered this morning there were not less than 500-700 Hawaiian Noddies, 300-400 Common Noddies and 100-200 Fairy Terns.

Nov. 18. Kuria Atoll We then returned to the raft and moved up to Oneaki Island to pick up Binion and Larry On the beach were some 22 Crested Terns and 3 Black-naped Terns roosting together. When Larry and Binion returned we learned that they had seen a Whimbrel, about 6 Sharp-tailed Sandpiper (of which they had collected four) and a Frigatebird. They had collected another Pacific ? Pigeon as well. No Cc Back out to the ship and through the usual bird preparation work. I then spent the rest of the day until about 8:30 or 9:00 skinning birds.

R.Clapp 1964 Nov. 17-18. Kuria Atoll, Gilbert Islands Anous stolidus Brood Number Sex Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30359 M Yes 9 mm. +l-9*1ON Not in molt 30360 M Yes 10 mm. 1-7*8N*9old * 1ON (RT) 1-7*8S*9old * 1ON (LF) Not in molt 30365 M Yes 10 mm. Not in molt Not in molt 30361 F No 9-1 mm. 1-2*3S*RN R5, L5 30362 F No 12-3mm. Not in molt [illegible] 30363 F No 12 mm. 1*2-3S*RN (lltf) -Y: L1,L4,L2 30364 F Yes 12-2mm. 1S* R? R3, R5, L3 30382 M Yes 6 mm. Not in molt L6,L1(Rm.ofs) Summary : 5 of 8 birds collectedpossessed brood patches, but 3 out of 4 females did not. Only 3 birds were not molting in the flight feathers and of these two possessed brood patches. All three birds which were not molting in the rectrices possessed brood patches. Anous minutus Brood Number Sex Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30366 M Yes 10 mm. Not in molt R1, R3 30367 F No 10-2m. Not in molt (O-y)L4,R3,L5 30368 F No 11-3m, Not in molt Not in molt 30369 M No 10 mm. Not in molt Not in molt 30375 No Not in molt Not in molt 30378 M Yes 10 mm. Not in molt Not in molt 30379 F Yes 11-5m. Not in molt Not in molt 30380 F Yes 15mm. Not in molt R1 30381 Yes Not in molt Not in molt Summary : ? error on brood patches ?

R.Clapp 1964 Nov. 17-18 Kuria Atoll, Gilbert Islands Arenaria interpres : Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30384 F 4.7 1-4*5S*RN (RT) R3,(10tf)L2(Y) 1-3*4D?*5G*RN(LF) L4D? 30385 M 4.0 1-3*4S*RN 0-Y:L3,R2,R1,R6. Summary : Mean Primary Index 4.4 Pluvialis dominica Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30386 2.0 1*2S*RN (1ltf)R5,R6,L5 30387 F 2.0 1*2S*RN In molt 30388 M 4.0 1-3*4S*RN In molt Summary : Mean Primary Index 2.7 Erolia acuminata Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30389 F 0.0 Completed (1ltf) 30390 F 0.0 Completed (1ltf) 30391 M 0.0 Completed Completed 30392 M 0.0 Completed Completed Summary : Primary Index Mean 0.0. Apparently the furthest along in molt of any shorebird collected in any numbers on this trip. Numenius tahitiensis Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30383 M 8.0 1-6*7-9S,10D Tail badly worn, not molting

R.Clapp 1964 Nov. 17-18 Kuri'a Atoll, Gilbert Islands Gyris alba Number Sex Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30370 ? Yes ? Not in molt Not in molt 30371 ? Yes ? Not in molt Not in molt 30372 F Yes 922.5 Not in molt Not in molt 30373 M Yes 6 mm. Not in molt Not in molt 30374 F Yes 12-3 Not in molt Not in molt Sterna sumatrana Number Sex Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30376 Imm No 1-6*7S*RN R2, L2 30377 1-3*4S*RN Recently molting (flip)

R.Clapp - 1964 Nov. 19. Kuria Atoll - Binion went ashore early in the morning unfortunately without the gun. He reports that he could have easily have collected some Crested Terns. He also saw a godwit which he believes is the same species as we have been collecting on the other atolls. I learned last night that this species is frequently eaten by the natives and is considered especially good eating. In the afternoon the ship moved over to Aranuka Atoll and Binion and the rest went ashore while I continued to skin birds on the ship. Nov.20-26 - En route to Honolulu Life is simple and routine. Skinned birds. Skinned more birds. Suffered from toothache. Skinned more birds. Got a mild case of salacylic poisoning. Skinned more bird. More toothache. And so on. Amerman took over the at-sea paperwork. Numbers of interesting birds were shot. Two White-necked Petrel, Slender-billed Shearwaters, Phoenix Island Petrel, Leache's Petrel. Nov. 27 While the others kept watch spent the day picking up and packing. Inventoryed gear and bands. (The 25th)26th worked on schedules and notes. Arrived Honolulu 5:30 Nov. 28 Felt ready for a hard round of "Martini" in the morning. Pulled my sagging shape together and worked on notes. More toothache.

R.Clapp Nov. 19 Aranuka Atoll, Gilbert Islands, Pacific O. Thalasseus bergii : In two individuals examined of three collected, neither had a brood patch. These two birds were males and had testes 5x4 and 5x3 mm. respectively. The unexamined bird, a female, had a relatively small ovary (10 mm) with the largest ovum 2 mm. (No recent breeding ?) Anous stolidus Number Sex Brood Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30400 F Yes- 14mm3mm Not in molt R3 in sheath 30401 F No 10mm 1-2-RN R2 in sheath 30402 F Yes 1.0.4mm 10 dropped? Not in molt 30404 F Yes 1.0.3mm R.Pl6 in sh. Not in molt L all present 30403 ? Yes ------- 1&10 in sh. (11) R2 Dr. 10 younger R4 Sh. 30406 M Yes 10 mm. Not in molt Not in molt 30405 M No 4 mm. 1-4*5S*6-9N* R5, L6 10S R5 older Summary : Brood patches were found in both sexes of the Common Noddy and 5 out of 7 birds had brood patches. In both males and females, gonads were larger in birds possessing brood patches than in those which did not. Of 8 birds 6 were molting in the primaries and 5 were molting in the rectrices. All those individuals which did not exhibit molt were those which possessed brood patches. Anous minutus Number Sex Brood Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30407 F No 12 mm. 1S, RN R5,L6 (5,01d) Gygis alba Number Sex Gonads Brood Patch 30408 Yes 30409 No 30410 Yes

R.Clapp 1964 Nov. 19 Aranuka Atoll, Gilbert Islands, Pacific O. Gygis alba (cont.) Number Sex Gonads Brood Patch 30411 Present 30412 No 30413 Yes, Summary : As has generally proved to be the case this trip, Fairy Terns in all six specimens were molting in neither primaries and rectrices. Sterna sumatrana : Number Sex Brood Patch Gonads Primaries Rectrices 30414 F Yes 1.0.4mm. 1*2N not R2 in S. full grown 2-5N*6S*RN RT.2,6 ins. Numenius tahitiensis : 30415 : Primaries 1*7*old, 2-3 in sheath, rest old? (Recheck) Tail Ll in sheath rest of feathers old. Heteroscelus incanum Number Sex Pri.,Index. Primaries Rectrices 30416 M 8 1-7*8S*RN Rl,Ll Rsold 30417 M 5.5 1-4*5,6S*RN Rl,Ll Rsold 30418 M 6.5 1-5*6,7S*RN Rl,Ll Rsold Summary : Tail molt apparently beginning. Mean primary index 6.7. Pluvialis dominica : Number Sex. P.Ind. Primaries Rectrices 30423 1 1S*RN In molt 30424 M 0 Completed L3,L4 (12fp) 30425 F 2 1*2S*RN R5,L5 Summary : Primary molt almost completed. Mean primary index. 1.0.

R.Clapp 1964 Nov. 19 Aranuka Atoll, Gilbert Islands, Pacific O. Arenaria interpres : Number Sex P.I. Primaries Rectrices 30419 ? 0 Completed Completed 30420 M 0 Completed Completed 30421 4 1-3*4S±RN R5 and L5 30422 F 0 Completed R5 and L5 Summary : Mean Primary Index 1.0

Still to be Incorporated in Field Notes 1. Catalog 2. Relevant data from green banding book 3. Molt data from early part of trip. 4. Initial generalizations and synthesis to be derived from molt data. 5. Short summary pointing out observations of particularly pertinent interest either in terms of the Projects goals or from a more well rounded ornithological viewpoint. 6. //???

R.Clapp Catalog - 1964 Oct. 18 Arumenii Is.,Bikar Atoll, Marshall Is. 600 Rattus exulans - Male - TL- 255 mm., HF - 27 mm. T - 134 mm. 601 Rattus exulans Oct. 27 Bogengoa Is, Erikub Atoll, Marshall Is. 603 Crocethia abba - Female (30133) Bill black, feet and legs black; iris, dark brown. Ovary 2 mm., Weight 47 gm. Oct. 26 Aradojairen Is, Erikub Atoll, Marshall Is. 604 Sterna sumatrana - Male (30127) Bill black; feet and legs black; iris dark brown; Testes 5 mm. Weight 84 gm. Brood patches present. 605 Sterna sumatrana - Female (30128) Bill black; feet and legs black; iris dark brown. Ovary 12 mm. Weight 77 gm. Brood patches present. 606 Sterna sumatrana - Female (30125) Bill black; feet and legs black; iris dark brown. Ovary 8 mm. Weight 77 gm. Oct. 27 Aradojairik Is, Erikub Atoäl, Marshall Is. 607 Sula leucogaster - Female (30136) Feet and legs pale yellowish green; bill facial skin, and gular pouch pale yellowish green; iris gray flecked with brown; black spot before eye. Ovary 30 mm. Lg. Ovum 4 mm. Weight 1271 gm. (Breeding bird) Oct. 25 Aradojairen Is, Erikub Atoäl, Marshall Is. 608 Heteroscelus incanum - Male (30118) Feet and legs dull yellowish green; bill black; iris dark brown. Testes 2 mm. Wt. 117 gm. 609 Heteroscelus incanum - Male (30119) As in 30118. Testes 1.5 mm. Weight 105 gm.

R. Clapp Catalog - 1964 Oct. 26 Aradojairen Is., Erikub atoll, Marshall Is. 610 Anous stolidus - Male (30123) Feet and legs dark brownish; bill black; iris dark brown; Testes 7 mm., Wt. 199 gm. No brood pouches present. 611 Anous stolidus - Male (30121) Bill and claws black, feet and legs dark brown; iris dark brown. Testes 8 mm. Weight 198 gm. No brood parches. Oct. 26 Jabonwar Is., Erikub Atoll, Marshall Is. 612 Anous stolidus - Male (30120) Feet and legs blackish brown; bill black; iris dark brown. Testes 5 mm. Wt. 191 gm. No brood pouches. Oct. 17 Arumenii Is., Bikar Atoll, Marshall Is. 613 Puffinus pacificus - Male (30035) Testes 3 mm., Wt. 353 gm. Oct. 22 Taka Is., Taka Atoll, Marshall Is. 614 Sterna fuscata - Female (30082) Ovary 12 mm. Wt. 183 gm. Brood patches present. Nov. 4 Roi Is., Kwadjalein Atoll, Marshall Is. 615 Arenaria interpres - Male (30189) Iris dark brown; bill black; legs and feet orange, dusky at joints. Testes 2 mm. Wt. 98 gm. 616 Arenaria interpres - Female (30182) Soft parts same as 30189. Ovary : 3 mm. Weight : 95 gm. 617 Erolia acuminata ? - Female (30168) Iris dark brown; bill brownish gray at base of lower mandible, rest black; feet and legs pale olive green, claws black. Ovary 1.5 mm. Wt. 65 gm.

R. Clapp Catalog - 1964 Oct. 20 Takā Is., Taka Atoll, Marshall Islands 618 Gygis alba - Male (30053) Bill black at tip, blue at base; feet and legs bluish-gray with whitish webs; iris dark brown. Testes : 4 mm. Wt. 95 gm. Nov. 4 Kwadjalein Is., Kwadjalein Atoll, Marshall Is 619 Erolia acuminata - Female (30169) Iris dark brown; bill brownish at base of lower mandible, rest black; legs and feet pale olive green; claws black. Ovary 5 mm. Weight 60 gm. Oct. 23 Taka Is., Taka Atoll, Marshall Islands. 620 Anous stolidus - Female (30091) Bill, feet, legs, claws black (?), Iris dark brown. Ovary 12 mm. Lg. ov. 2 mm. Weight 165 gm.

Roger Clapp Marshall - Gilbert trip Nov. 16 Maiana Island, Maiana Atoll 690 - Anous minutus 30363 testes 6 mm wt 111 gm 691 - Arenaria interpres 30334 ovary: 9 mm wt. 115 gm 692 - " " 30331 testes 1 mm wt. 102 gm Nov. 19 - Araruka Atoll 693 - Anous stolidus 30405 testes: 4 mm wt. 198 gm Nov. 16 - Maiana Island, Maiana Atoll 694 - Pluvialis dominica 30350 testes 3 mm wt 113 gm 695 - Arenaria interpres 30332 ovary 10 mm wt 108 gm 696 - " " 30333 ovary 12 mm wt 107 gm Nov. 19 - Aranuka Atoll 697 - Arenaria interpres 30419 - Sex ? 117 gm Nov. 16 - Maiana Island, Maiana Atoll 698 - Arenaria interpres 30336 - 97 gm ovary 12 699 Arenaria interpres 30335 - ovary 7 m wt 98 gm Nov. 18 - Kuria Island; Kuria Atoll 700 Arenaria interpres 30384 ovary: 8 mm wt: 88 gm 701 - Arenaria interpres 30385 testes: 2 mm wt: 111 gm Nov. 19 Aranuka Atoll 702 - Hteroscelus incanum 30417 testes: 3 mm wt: 127 gm Nov. 17 - Kurra Island, Kurra Atoll 703 - Anous stolidus 30363 ovary 12 mm wt. 206 gm Nov. 10 - Enybor Island, Jaluit Atoll 30208 testes 7 mm wt 207 gms 704 - Anous stolidus Nov. 4 - Roi Island, Kiwajalein Atoll 705 - Arenaria interpres 30178 ovary 12 mm wt. 92 gm 706 - " " 30187 ovary 12 mm wt 108 gms

Roger Clapp Nov 4 - Roi Island, Kiwajalein Atoll 707 - Arenara interpes - 30181 - testes 2 mm wt. 98 gm 708 - Arenara interpes 30180 ovary 8 mm wt. 98 gm Oct. 25 - Enego Island, Erikub Atoll 709 - Anous minutus 30112 - testes - 6 mm wt - 107 gm Nov. 4 - Roi Island, Kwajalein Atoll 710 Arenaria interpes 30183 - ovary 9 mm weight 94 gm Nov. 13 - Kotabu Island, Makin Atoll 711 - Thalasseus bergi 30271 - testes - 5 mm weight 357 gm Nov. 4 - Roi I; Kwajalein Atoll 712 - Pluvialis dominica - 30177 - testes 2.5 mm weight 119 gm Nov. 13 - Korabu Island, Makin Atoll largest ovum 4 mm 713 - Anous minutus 30258 - ovary 14 mm wt. 106 gm Nov. 11 - Lijeron Island, Jaluit Atoll. 714 - Anous minutus 30232 testes: 8 mm weight 109 gm Nov. 19 - Aranuka Atoll 30397 - ovary 10 mm largest ovum: 2 mm weight 313 gm 715 Thalasseus bergii Nov. 13 - Kotabu Island, Makin Atoll 716 - Pluvialis dominica 30262 testes 1.5 mm wt. 11gm 717 - Anous minutus 30251 ovum 15 mm largest ovum 5 mm weight 101 gm 718 - Anous minutus - 30250 ovary 11 mm large ovum 4 mm weight 105 gm Nov. 18 - Oneaka Island; Kuria Atoll 719 - Anous minutus 30380 ovary 15 mm ruptured follicle Nov. 11 - Lijeron Island, Jaluit Atoll - weight 96 gm 720 - Anous minutus 30234 weight 95 gm testes 1 mm Nov. 18 Oreaka Island - Kuria Atoll 721 - Anous stolidus 30382 testes 6 mm weight 188 gm

Roger Clapp November 4 - Roi Island, Kwajalein Atoll 722 - Heteroscelus incanum 30172 ovary 5 mm weight 81 gm 723 - Heteroscelus incanum 30175 - testes 1.5 mm weight 102 gm 724 - " " 30173 - Sex ? weight 91 gm October 18 - Jaboerukku Island; Bikar Atoll 725 - Sterna fuscata 30046 - ovary: 18 mm large ovum: 4 mm 209 gm 726 - Sterna fuscata 30048 testes: 3 mm weight 196 gm October 25 - Loj Island; Erikub Atoll 727 - Anous stolidus 30110 testes 9 mm weight 197 gm October 22 - Taka Island; Taka Atoll 30080 ovary 8 mm large ovum 2 mm weight 190 gm November 18 - Oneaka Island, Kurra Atoll 672 - Erolia acuminata O: 6 mm wt: 59 gm 30390 673 - " " T: 2.5 mm wt: 67 gm 30391 674 - " " T: 3 mm wt: 69 gm 30392 Nov. 18 - Kuria Island, Kurra Atoll 675 - Pluvialis dominica T: 3 mm wt: 113 gm 30388 676 - Anous stolidus T: 10 mm wt. 190 mm 30365 677 - Anous minutus O: 11 mm large ovum: 3 mm wt:113 gm 30368 Oneaka Island, Kurra Atoll 678 - Erolia acuminata ovary 6 mm weight 61 gm 30389 Kuria Island, Kuria Atoll 679 Anous stolidus Testes: 10 mm - 30360 weight: 212 gm 680 Numenius tahitiensis testes: 4 mm 30383 weight: 427 gm

Clapp, Roger November 17 Kurra Island, Kurra Atoll 681 Anous stolidus ovary 12 mm large ovum 3 mm 30362 weight 168 gm 682 - Anous minutus ovary 10 mm large ovum 2 mm 101 gm 30367 November 19 - Aranuka Atoll 683 - Arenaria interpres Testes 1.5 mm weight - 11 gm 30420 November 17 - Kurra Island, Kurra Atoll 684 - Anous stolidus ovary 9 mm large ovum 1 mm. 30361 158 gm November 19 - Aranuka Atoll 685 - Anous stolidus ovary: 14 mm large ovum: 3 mm 30400 686 - Numenius tahitiensis weight 160 gm ovary 12 mm 30415 November 17 - Kurra Atoll, Kurra Island 687 - Gygis alba testes 6 mm 30373 weight 117 gm 688 - Gygis alba - ovary 12 mm large ovum 3 mm weight 118 gm 30374 689 - Anous stolidus ovary 12 mm 30364 large ovum 2 mm weight 198 gm November 13 - Kotabu Island, Makin Atoll 649 - Anous minutus ♂ testes 10 mm 12gm 30249 650 - " " 30248 Testes 10 mm 106 gm 651 - " " 31256 " 7 mm 113 gm 652 - " " 30254 " 8 mm 108 gm 653 - " " ♀ 30255 ovary 11 mm 95 gm large ovum 3 mm. 654 - " " ♂ 30257 testes 7 mm 125 gm 655 - " " ♀ 30252 large ovum 3 mm 111 gm ovum 12 mm 656 - " " ♂ 30253 testes 10 mm 105 gm weight 105 gm November 15 -Butaritari Island Makin Atoll 657 - Limosa sp. ♂ 30316 testes 3 mm weight 291 gm 658 - " " ♀ 30318 ovum 13 mm - granular weight 325 gm

November 15 - Butaritari Island, Makin Atoll 659 Arenaria interpres ♂ 30317 Testes: 4 mm weight 284 gm 660 - " " ♀ 30319 ovary 12 mm gran. weight 324 gm November 16 - Maiana Island; Maiana Atoll 661 - Arenaria interpres - alcoholic 30338 - 93 662 - " " " " 30339 99 663 - " " " " 30340 89 664 - " " " " 30341 101 665 - " " " " 30342 97 666 - " " " " 30343 105 667 - " " " " 30344 97 668 - " " " " 30345 .97 669 - " " " " 30346 104 670 - " " " " 30347 109 671 - " " " " 30348 104) November 3 - Kwad, Kwad 621 - Numenius phaeopus 30161 testis 3 mm weight 324 gm 622 - Capella sp 30164 Testis 2 mm weight 127 gm October 20 - Taka Taka 623 - Arenaria interpres (30061) Sex ? 92 gm 624 - " " " 30062 Sex? 92 gm 4 November Kwad Kwad 625 - Erolia ? sp. ? 30167 ♀ 55 gm very fat ovary 4 x 2 mm November 3 Kwad Kwad 626 - Crocethia alba 30166 ♂ testes 1 mm weight 54 gm very fat October 27 - Aradojairik Island, Erukub Atoll 627 - Gygis alba 30140 ♀ ovary 13 mm weight 111 gm large ovum 2 mm egg in ovary October 24 - Loj Island Erikub 628 - Pluvialis dominica 30104 ♀ ovary 7 mm weight 121 gm 629 - Numenius tahitiensis 30105 ♂ testes 5 mm weight 393 gm November 2 - Kwad Kwad 630 - Erolia acum. 30156 Sex? weight 76 gm November 9 - Kwad Kwad 631 - P. dominica 30203 ♀ ovary 7 mm weight 124 gm 632 - " " 30200 " ovary 8 mm weight 133 gm

Clapp, Roger November 9 - Kwajalein, Kwajalein 633 - P. dominica 30201 o' testes 2 mm weight 121 gm 634 - " " 30204 o' testes 3 mm weight 127 gm 635 - " " 30202 o' testes 3 mm weight 121 gm November 2 Kwajalein, Kwajalein 636- Erolia acuminata 30153 ovary 8 mm weight 61 gm Taka Taka October 22 637 - Sandpiper sp. 30078 testes 1 mm (very fat) weight 36.5 gm North Loi Island - Kwajalein November 8 638 - Anous stolidus 30195 testes 3 mm weight 200 gm 639 - Anous minutus 30190 ovary 8 mm large ovum 1 mm weight 110 gm November 12 Enybor Island, Jaluit Atoll 640 - Anous stolidus 30244 ovary 14 mm large ovum 5 mm weight 186 gm 641 - Anous minutus 30243 testes - 3 mm weight - 105 gm November 11 Jaluit Island, Jaluit Atoll 642 - Pluvialis dominica 30218 alcohol weight 120 gm October 22 - Eruk Island, Taka Atoll 643- Anous stolidus 30069 ovary 8 mm large ovum 3mm weight 154 gm October 25 - Enego Island, Erikub Atoll 644 - Anous stolidus 30115 ovary 8 mm large ovum 3 mm weight 180 gm October 24 - Loj Island, Erikub Atoll 645 - Anous minutus 30098 testes 8 mm 106 gm October 22 - Eruk Island, Taka Atoll 646 - Anous stolidus 30070 Alcoholic 190 gm November 8 - Lagoon - Kwajalein Atoll. 647 - Anous minutus 30191 ovary 9 mm large ovum 2 mm weight 102 gm

{ "text": "October 22 - Eruk Island, Taka Atoll\n648 - Anous minutus 30073 testes 4 mm. Q redosvov\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\n\n[illegible]\ [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

Location Oahu - 20°13'N; 158°05'凹 / -22 min Observer R. Clapp + D. Hackman Date 8 June 1968 Time 1300 to 1905 Weather - Miles 57 Hours 5-43 SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater 22 19 light phase, 3 not recorded Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater Juan Fernandez Petrel White-necked Petrel Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel Bulwer's Petrel 17 Leach's Storm Petrel Red-tailed Tropicbird White-tailed Tropicbird Blue-faced Booby Brown Booby Red-footed Booby 5 3 Ad.; 1 Imm.; 1 subad. Great Frigatebird 90. 1 Imm. Lesser Frigatebird Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 78 Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern 5 Fairy Tern Pomarine Jaeger Petrel sp. 1 bird sp. 3 Dolphin sp. 5 Total Mammals 5 Total Birds 132 Total Sightings Total Flocks 4 (58) Feeding (100) Total Species 7 SI-MNH-11-1-66 Location 18°13'izr; 158°07'w - 15°56'美; 158°27' w Observer Clapp + Hackman Date 9 June 1968 Time 0535 to 1915 Weather - Miles 137 Hours 13-40 SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Layson Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater 23 20 dark phase; 2 light pl.; 1? Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater 7 1 Newell's Shearwater 3 Juan Fernandez Petrel 2 White-necked Petrel 3 Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel 6 Bulwer's Petrel 2 Leach's Storm Petrel Red-tailed Tropicbird 1 White-tailed Tropicbird 2 Blue-faced Booby Brown Booby Red-footed Booby Great Frigatebird 90. 3 Lesser Frigatebird Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 65 Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern 2 Pomarine Jaeger Petrel sp. 9 Shear-Pet bird sp. 1 Total Birds 132 Total Sightings Total Flocks 2 (72) Feeding (62) Total Species 11 SI-MNH-11-1-66

Flock Data Time Type No. Composition 1341 F 40 Sooty Tern 1342 T 8 Sooty Tern 1504 T 5 Sooty Tern 1545 T 5 Wedgetail Feeding Traveling 1 (40) 3 (18) 4 58 Flock Data Time Type No. Composition 0612 T 10 Sooty Tern 0815 F 62 Sooty Tern 50 Swan Pat 9 Frigg 3 Feeding Traveling 1 (62) 1 (10) 2 (72)

Location 14°05'N; 158°34'operatorname{W} - 12°16' an; 158°50' do Observer Clapp + Hackman Date 10 June 1968 Time 05:40 to 19:15- Weather Miles 136 Hours 13-35 SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater 10 7 dark phase; 3 ? Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater Juan Fernandez Petrel 4 White-necked Petrel 2 Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel 12 Bulwer's Petrel 1 Leach's Storm Petrel Red-tailed Tropicbird 1 White-tailed Tropicbird Blue-faced Booby Brown Booby Red-footed Booby Great Frigatebird Lesser Frigatebird Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 2 Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern Pomarine Jaeger Petrel p. 20 Shear-Pet 2 Long-tailed Jaeger 1 bird sp. 3 Total Birds 58 Total Sightings Total Flocks 4 (26) Feeding 2 (14) Sitting 2 (13) Total Species 7 SI-MNH-11-1-66 Location 09°53' up; 159°00' per operatorname{W} - 07°33'N; 157°12' do (22 min-) Observer Clapp + Hackman Date 11 June 1968 Time 05:50 to 18:50 Weather many squalls Miles 126 Hours 12-38 SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater 29 20 dark ph; 9 unknown. Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater ? 1 Juan Fernandez Petrel 10 White-necked Petrel 1 Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel 7 Bulwer's Petrel Leach's Storm Petrel Red-tailed Tropicbird 2 White-tailed Tropicbird Blue-faced Booby Brown Booby Red-footed Booby Great Frigatebird 1 ad. or Lesser Frigatebird ?o 1 Imm. or ? Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 158 2 Imm. Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern 1 Shear-Pet = 51 Pomarine Jaeger Shear-Pet 1 Petrel p. 2 Tropibird = 2 frigate = 2 Tern = 159 Cetaceans 35-50 Total Mammals = 35-50 Total Birds 214 Total Sightings Total Flocks 5 (170) Feeding 4 (162) Traveling 1 (183) Total Species 8 SI-MNH-11-1-66

Flock Data 0651 F 7 Petrel go. 0910 F 7 Petral go. 1020 S 5 BWP 4 WT 1 1054 S 4 JFP 1 BWP 3 WT 3 Feeding 2 (14) Sitting 2 (12) 4 26 Flock Data 1241 F 43 ST 36 WT 6 JFP 1 1538 F 14 ST 13 WT 1 1628 F 30 ST 28 WT 2 1800 F 76 ST 70 FJP 1 WT 5 1832 T 7 ST 4 Feeding 163 1 Travel 7 5 170

Location 04°56'N; 159°24'W — Fanning Island Observer Clapp + Blackman Date 12 June 1968 Time 0545 to 1445 Weather Miles 90 Hours 9-0 SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater 5 1 lightphase, 3 darkphase, 1 unknown Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater 1 Juan Fernandez Petrel White-necked Petrel Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel 8 Bulwer's Petrel Leach's Storm Petrel Red-tailed Tropicbird White-tailed Tropicbird 1 Blue-faced Booby Brown Booby Red-footed Booby 12 Great Frigatebird Lesser Frigatebird Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 13 Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern 35 Pomarine Jaeger Shear-Pet 1 Petrel go. 2 Shear-Pet = 17 Hawaiian Noddy bird go. 1 Tropicbird = 1 Booby = 12 Tern = 49 Misc = 1 Total Birds 80 Total Sightings Total Flocks 1 (7) TF Total Species 8 ST-MNR-11-1-66 Location 13°11'S; 170°54'W — 11°36'5'; 170°23'W Observer Crossin, Clapp, Blackman Date 6 July 1968 Time 0705 to 1219 Weather Miles 122 Hours 12-14 SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater Juan Fernandez Petrel White-necked Petrel Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel Bulwer's Petrel Leach's Storm Petrel Red-tailed Tropicbird White-tailed Tropicbird 10 Blue-faced Booby Brown Booby Red-footed Booby 1 Great Frigatebird Lesser Frigatebird Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 2 Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern 6 Pomarine Jaeger Pterodroma p. 1 Shear-Pet = 1 Tropicbird = 10 Tern = 8 Total Birds 19 Total Sightings Total Flocks 0 Total Species 4 ST-MNR-11-1-66

Flock Date 0819 7 TF FTS, ST I, HN I

Location 08°52'S; 171°05'W 06°38'S; 171°06'W Observer Crossin, Clapp, Mackman Date 7 July 1868 Time 0740 to 1918 Weather Miles 116 Hours 11-38 SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater 2 light ph. Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater Juan Fernandez Petrel White-necked Petrel Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel Bulwer's Petrel Leach's Storm Petrel Red-tailed Tropicbird White-tailed Tropicbird 3 Blue-faced Booby Brown Booby Red-footed Booby Great Frigatebird Lesser Frigatebird 1 Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 207 Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern 46 Pomarine Jaeger 1 Phalacrocorax p. Shore - Pet = 3 Tropicbird = 3 Frigate = 1 Tern = 253 Total Birds 260 Total Sightings Total Flocks 3(249) F 2(202) Total Species 6 SI-MNR-11-1-66 Location Enderbury Island - 03°17'S; 171°50'W Observer Crossin Date 12 July 1868 Time 1630 to 1935 Weather Miles 31 Hours 3-05 SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater 1 Light ph. Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater Juan Fernandez Petrel White-necked Petrel Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel 3 Bulwer's Petrel Leach's Storm Petrel Red-tailed Tropicbird White-tailed Tropicbird 1 Blue-faced Booby 5 Brown Booby 2 Red-footed Booby Great Frigatebird Lesser Frigatebird Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 80 *e Gray-backed Tern 5 Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern 7 shear-Pet = 4 Pomarine Jaeger Tropicbird = 1 Booby = 7 Tern = 92 Porpoise (Tursiops) 5 Total Birds 104 Total Sightings Total Flocks 2(74) T E 1(68) Total Species 8 SI-MNR-11-1-66

Flock Data TF 1612 47 ST TF 1622 152 ST/50, LF 1, FT 1 TF 1804 50 ST 5, FT 45 Flock Data TF 1655 9 ST 5, CBT 3, FT 1 TF 1912 65 ST 60, FT 5 2(74)

Location McKeon Is. → 01°41'5"; 175°23'W -1430-1750 Observer Crossin Date 15 July 68 Time 1000 to 1948 Weather Miles 66 Hours 6-28 SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater 1 Newell's Shearwater Juan Fernandez Petrel White-necked Petrel Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel 7 Bulwer's Petrel Leach's Storm Petrel 2 Red-tailed Tropicbird 1 White-tailed Tropicbird 1 Blue-faced Booby 5 Brown Booby 2 Red-footed Booby Great Frigatebird 1 ad 81 Lesser Frigatebird Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 178 Gray-backed Tern 1 Common Noddy Tern 10 Shear-Pet = 24 Fairy Tern 12 Storm Pet = 3 Pomarine Jaeger Tropicbird = 2 Audubon's Shear (15) Frigate = 10 Shear-Pet 1 Booby = 7 White-Vh SP 1 Tern = 232 Frigate bird (Go.) Hawaiian Noddy 6 Blue-grey Noddy 25 Total Birds 278 Total Sightings Total Flocks 4 (229) 4E (157) Total Species (6) ST-MNH-11-1-66 Location → Baker Is. → Howland Is. → 0746 - 0830 Observer Crossin, clapp Date 16 July 1968 Time 1350 to 1545 Weather Miles 32 Hours 3-14 SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater 24 all dark phase Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater Juan Fernandez Petrel White-necked Petrel Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel Bulwer's Petrel Leach's Storm Petrel 2 Red-tailed Tropicbird White-tailed Tropicbird Blue-faced Booby 29 Brown Booby 1 Red-footed Booby 1 Great Frigatebird Lesser Frigatebird Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 711 Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern 1 Shear-Pet = 24 Pomarine Jaeger Tropicbird = 2 Frigate sp. 7 Booby = 32 Booby sp. 1 frigate = 7 Skua 1 Tern = 412 Skua = 1 Cetacean 6 Total Birds 778 Total Sightings Total Flocks 25 (676) T 21 (230) Total Species 9 ST-MNH-11-1-66

Flock Data FF 1006 11 ST 10, Fg 1 FF 1010 113 ST 50, CN 10, AN 6, BGN 25, BB 2, AS 15, FT 5 FF 1055 7 ST 5, BWP 2 FF 1350 56 ST 50, FT 5, Fg 1 TF 1403 5 ST TF 1818 31 ST 27, Fg 4 TF 1842 6 ST #(229) 4F 187 ST 42 Flock Data TF 0750 6 ST 5, wt 1 TF 0752 5 ST TF 0758 6 ST TF 0806 8 ST FF 0820 101 ST 85, BFB 6, WT 6, Fg 4 FF 0822 130 ST 65, BFO 9, WT 12, Fg 3, BB 1 TF 0825 13 ST 9, WT 1, BFB 3 TF 1359 11 ST TF 1420 52 ST TF 1445 47 ST FF 1453 67 ST 66, FT 1 TF 1455 8 ST TF 1456 12 ST FF 1458 98 ST TF 1502 8 ST TF 1505 9 ST TF 1510 19 ST TF 1515 5 ST TF 1517 3 ST TF 1519 9 ST TF 1531 16 ST TF 1534 10 ST TF 1536 6 ST TF 1537 20 ST TF 1541 5 ST

Location Howland Island → 02°36'N; 175°54'W 55 Observer Crossin, Clapp, Hackman Date 18 July, 1968 Time 1020 to 1958 Weather Miles 106 Hours 9-38 at 11K. SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater 35 all dark ph. Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater Juan Fernandez Petrel 1 White-necked Petrel Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel 5 Black-winged Petrel Bulwer's Petrel Leach's Storm Petrel 2 Red-tailed Tropicbird White-tailed Tropicbird Blue-faced Booby 13 Brown Booby 1 Red-footed Booby 2 Great Frigatebird Lesser Frigatebird 1 Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone 319 Sooty Tern Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern 2 Pomarine Jaeger Shear Pet 1 white-winged Petrel 1 Pterodroma sp. 6 frigate sp. 6 Total Birds 395 Total Sightings Total Flocks 9(348) T 7(562) Total Species 11 ST-MNH-11-1-06 Location 04°34'N; 175°14'W - 06°48'N; 174°18'W 55 Observer Crossin, Clapp, Hackman Date 19 July 1968 Time 0735 to 2003 Weather Miles 137 Hours 12-28 at 11K. SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater 33 all dark ph. Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater Flacks Juan Fernandez Petrel 2 FF1003 59 ST48 UT93F1 White-necked Petrel Kermadec Petrel FF1142 50 ST30,WT26 Phoenix Island Petrel / Tahiti 1 Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel 4 Black-winged Petrel Bulwer's Petrel Leach's Storm Petrel Red-tailed Tropicbird White-tailed Tropicbird 2 Blue-faced Booby Brown Booby Red-footed Booby Great Frigatebird Lesser Frigatebird Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone 79 Sooty Tern Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern Pomarine Jaeger Shear Pet 1 Shear-Pet = 43 Petrel sp. 2 Tropicbird = 2 Tern = 79 Total Birds 124 Total Sightings Total Flocks 2(109) both Feeding Total Species 6

Flock Data. TF 1023 5 ST TF 1248 18 ST SF 1233 10 ST 9, WT 1 FF 1256 102 ST 100, BFB 1, Fg. 1 TF 1310 9 ST TF 1334 7 ST TF 1830 12 ST 7, WT 5 F 1915 6 ST 5, WT 1 FF 1952 179 ST 150, WT 25, Fg. 4 9 (348) F 2 (281) T 7 (67)

Location 08°36'N; 173°43'W — 10°36'N; 172°31'W Observer Crossin, Clapp, Blackman Date 20 July 1968 Time 0724 to 1954 Weather Rain squalls all day. Miles 137 Hours 1230 @11K SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater -8 all in dark phase Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater Juan Fernandez Petrel 7 White-necked Petrel 2 Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel 9 Bulwer's Petrel 2 Leach's Storm Petrel Red-tailed Tropicbird White-tailed Tropicbird Blue-faced Booby Brown Booby Red-footed Booby Great Frigatebird Lesser Frigatebird Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 1 Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern Pomarine Jaeger Phaethon aterna 2 Shear-Pet=31 Pterodroma g. 1 Tern = 1 Total Birds 32 Total Sightings Total Flocks 0 Total Species 5 all Northern Grid Location 12°29'N; 171°35'W — 14°29'N; 170°36'W Observer Crossin, Clapp, Blackman Date 21 July Time 0705 to 1954 Weather Rain squalls. Miles 130 Hours 12-43 SPECIES NUMBERS REMARKS Laysan Albatross Black-footed Albatross Wedge-tailed Shearwater 5 4 dark, 1 light gull. Sooty Shearwater Slender-billed Shearwater Christmas Island Shearwater Newell's Shearwater Juan Fernandez Petrel 8 White-necked Petrel 3 Kermadec Petrel Phoenix Island Petrel Mottled Petrel Bonin Island Petrel Black-winged Petrel 12 Bulwer's Petrel Leach's Storm Petrel Red-tailed Tropicbird White-tailed Tropicbird 1 Blue-faced Booby Brown Booby Red-footed Booby Great Frigatebird Lesser Frigatebird Golden Plover Ruddy Turnstone Sooty Tern 17 1 min. Gray-backed Tern Common Noddy Tern Fairy Tern 1 Pomarine Jaeger JF/WN Petrel 2 Pterodroma g. 4 Total Birds 53 Total Sightings Total Flocks 1 (17) Feeding Total Species 6